51
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Liu M, Zhang X, Tan T. The effect of amino acids on lipid production and nutrient removal by Rhodotorula glutinis cultivation in starch wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:712-717. [PMID: 27420158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the components of amino acids in mixed starch wastewater (corn steep water/corn gluten water=1/3, v/v) were analyzed by GC-MS. Effects of amino acids on lipid production by Rhodotorula glutinis and COD removal were studied. The results showed that mixed starch wastewater contained 9 kinds of amino acids and these amino acids significantly improved the biomass (13.63g/L), lipid yield (2.48g/L) and COD removal compared to the basic medium (6.23g/L and 1.56g/L). In a 5L fermentor containing mixed starch wastewater as substrate to culture R. glutinis, the maximum biomass, lipid content and lipid yield reached 26.38g/L, 28.90% and 7.62g/L, with the associated removal rates of COD, TN and TP reaching 77.41%, 69.12% and 73.85%, respectively. The results revealed a promising approach for lipid production with using amino acids present in starch wastewater as an alternative nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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52
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Xu J, Zhao X, Du W, Liu D. Bioconversion of glycerol into lipids by Rhodosporidium toruloides in a two-stage process and characterization of lipid properties. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:303-313. [PMID: 32624776 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 has been considered a promising oleaginous strain due to its flexible substrate adaptability, high lipid content, and coproduction of some pigments. In previous work, R. toruloides has shown good potential to directly convert crude glycerol into intracellular lipids. However, the difference in nutritional demand between cell growth and lipid accumulation was found to be a dilemma. Therefore, a glycerol-based two-stage process was proposed in the present work to separately meet the nutritional demand of both the cell proliferation phase and lipid accumulation phase. Factors that affect microbial conversion of glycerol into lipid were investigated, statistically analyzed, and optimized. As a result, 26.5 g L-1 biomass with 10 g L-1 lipid was obtained in the two-stage process. Lipid yield (0.20 g g-1) and productivity (0.083 g L-1 h-1) achieved were significantly higher than the previously optimized batch culture. In R. toruloides lipids, the dominant fatty acid compositions are palmitic acid (28.5%), stearic acid (12.9%), oleic acid (41.3%), and linoleic acid (12.8%). Phospholipids accounts for 0.63% in total lipid. Lipase-catalyzed methanolysis could achieve up to 95% biodiesel yield. The characterization of R. toruloides lipid suggests its great application potential for biodiesel and specialty-type lipid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
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53
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Lipid production from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by Rhodosporidium fluviale DMKU-RK253 using temperature shift with high cell density. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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54
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Effects of nitrogen on the lipid and carotenoid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1425-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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55
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Biosynthesis of Monascus pigments by resting cell submerged culture in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7083-9. [PMID: 26971494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing cell submerged culture is usually applied for fermentative production of intracellular orange Monascus pigments, in which accumulation of Monascus pigments is at least partially associated to cell growth. In the present work, extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was utilized as a strategy for releasing of intracellular Monascus pigments. Those mycelia with low content of intracellular Monascus pigments were utilized as biocatalyst in resting cell submerged culture. By this means, resting cell submerged culture for production of orange Monascus pigments was carried out successfully in the nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution, which exhibited some advantages comparing with the corresponding conventional growing cell submerged culture, such as non-sterilization operation, high cell density (24 g/l DCW) leading to high productivity (14 AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470 nm per day), and recycling of cells as biocatalyst leading to high product yield (approximately 1 AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470 nm per gram of glucose) based on energy metabolism.
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56
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Sara M, Brar SK, Blais JF. Lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica grown on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol: optimization of growth parameters and their effects on the fermentation efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica, a well-known oleaginous strain for single cell oil (SCO) production was grown in nitrogen-limited flask cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdouli Sara
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Jean François Blais
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
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57
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Calvey CH, Su YK, Willis LB, McGee M, Jeffries TW. Nitrogen limitation, oxygen limitation, and lipid accumulation in Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:780-8. [PMID: 26580895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts is optimal at high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. In the current study, nitrogen and carbon consumption by Lipomyces starkeyi were directly measured in defined minimal media with nitrogen content and agitation rates as variables. Shake flask cultures with an initial C:N ratio of 72:1 cultivated at 200rpm resulted in a lipid output of 10g/L, content of 55%, yield of 0.170g/g, and productivity of 0.06g/L/h. All of these values decreased by ≈50-60% when the agitation rate was raised to 300rpm or when the C:N ratio was lowered to 24:1, demonstrating the importance of these parameters. Under all conditions, L. starkeyi cultures tolerated acidified media (pH≈2.6) without difficulty, and produced considerable amounts of alcohols; including ethanol, mannitol, arabitol, and 2,3-butanediol. L. starkeyi also produced lipids from a corn stover hydrolysate, showing its potential to produce biofuels from renewable agricultural feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Calvey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1531 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Yi-Kai Su
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1531 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Laura B Willis
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1531 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53726, United States; Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - McSean McGee
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Thomas W Jeffries
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1531 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53726, United States; Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, United States.
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58
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Wang W, Wei H, Knoshaug E, Van Wychen S, Xu Q, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Fatty alcohol production in Lipomyces starkeyi and Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:227. [PMID: 27800013 PMCID: PMC5078963 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current biological pathways to produce biofuel intermediates amenable to separations and catalytic upgrading to hydrocarbon fuels are not cost effective. Previously, oleaginous yeasts have been investigated primarily for lipid production. However, yeasts store neutral lipids intracellularly making recovery difficult and expensive. In addition, once recovered from the cells, lipids are difficult to blend directly with the existing fuels without upgrading. We have, therefore, begun to investigate secreted fatty acid-derived products which can be easily recovered and upgraded to fuels. RESULTS In this study, we successfully demonstrate the production of fatty alcohols by the oleaginous yeasts, Yarrowia lipolytica and Lipomyces starkeyi, through expression of the fatty acyl-CoA reductase gene from Marinobactor aquaeolei VT8. This strategy resulted in the production of 167 and 770 mg/L of fatty alcohols in shake flask from Y. lipolytica and L starkeyi, respectively. When using a dodecane overlay during fermentation, 92 and 99% of total fatty alcohols produced by Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi, respectively, were extracted into the dodecane phase, which compares favorably to the 3 and 50% recovered, respectively, without the dodecane layer. In both oleaginous yeasts, long chain length, saturated fatty alcohols, i.e., hexadecanol (C16:0) and octadecanol (C18:0), were predominant and accounted for more than 85% of the total fatty alcohols produced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fatty alcohol production in L. starkeyi. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that the oleaginous yeasts, Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi, can serve as platform organisms for the production of fatty acid-derived biofuels and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Eric Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
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59
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Spier F, Buffon JG, Burkert CAV. Bioconversion of Raw Glycerol Generated from the Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Oleaginous Yeasts: Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Biomass. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:415-22. [PMID: 26543267 PMCID: PMC4627960 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, 12 different yeast strains were evaluated to gauge their ability to accumulate lipids using raw glycerol as the main carbon source. Lipomyces lipofer NRRL Y-1155 stood out above the other strains, achieving 9.48 g/l biomass, 57.64 % lipid content and 5.46 g/l lipid production. The fatty acid profile was similar to vegetable oils commonly used in the synthesis of biodiesel, with the predominance of polyunsaturated acids, especially linoleic acid, reaching 68.3 % for Rhodotorula glutinis NRRL YB-252. The occurrence of palmitic acid (39.3 % for Lipomyces starkeyi NRRL Y-11557) was also notable. Thus, yeast biomass with high lipid content can be a sustainable and renewable alternative as a raw material for the biodiesel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciela Spier
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil
| | - Jaqueline G. Buffon
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos A. V. Burkert
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil
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60
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Yang X, Jin G, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhao ZK. Lipid production on free fatty acids by oleaginous yeasts under non-growth conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:557-562. [PMID: 26159379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids produced by oleaginous yeasts serve as promising alternatives to traditional oils and fats for the production of biodiesel and oleochemicals. To improve its techno-economics, it is pivotal to use wastes and produce high quality lipids of special fatty acid composition. In the present study, four oleaginous yeasts were tested to use free fatty acids for lipid production under non-growth conditions. Microbial lipids of exceptionally high fatty acid relative contents, e.g. those contained over 70% myristic acid or 80% oleic acid, were produced that may be otherwise inaccessible by growing cells on various carbon sources. It was found that Cryptococcus curvatus is a robust strain that can efficiently use oleic acid as well as even-numbered saturated fatty acids with carbon atoms ranging from 10 to 20. Our results provided new opportunity for the production of functional lipids and for the exploitation of organic wastes rich in free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Guojie Jin
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yandan Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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61
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Probst KV, Schulte LR, Durrett TP, Rezac ME, Vadlani PV. Oleaginous yeast: a value-added platform for renewable oils. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:942-55. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1064855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle V. Probst
- IGERT in Biorefining,
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry,
| | | | - Timothy P. Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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62
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Fei Q, Wewetzer SJ, Kurosawa K, Rha C, Sinskey AJ. High-cell-density cultivation of an engineered Rhodococcus opacus strain for lipid production via co-fermentation of glucose and xylose. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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63
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Enhancement of microbial oil production by alpha-linolenic acid producing Yarrowia lipolytica strains QU22 and QU137. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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64
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Tsakona S, Kopsahelis N, Chatzifragkou A, Papanikolaou S, Kookos IK, Koutinas AA. Formulation of fermentation media from flour-rich waste streams for microbial lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. J Biotechnol 2014; 189:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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65
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Recycling biodiesel-derived glycerol by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4 through the two-stage lipid production process. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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66
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Lin J, Li S, Sun M, Zhang C, Yang W, Zhang Z, Li X, Li S. Microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeast ind-xylose solution using a two-stage culture mode. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01453g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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67
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Kitahara Y, Yin T, Zhao X, Wachi M, Du W, Liu D. Isolation of oleaginous yeast (Rhodosporidium toruloides) mutants tolerant of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:336-42. [PMID: 25036690 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.882746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides is a lipid-producing yeast, the growth of which is severely suppressed when hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass are used as carbon source. This is probably due to the toxic substances, such as organic acids, furans, and phenolic compounds produced during the preparation of the hydrolysates. In order to solve this problem, R. toruloides cultures were subjected to atmospheric room-temperature plasma mutagenesis, resulting in the isolation of mutants showing tolerance to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (SBH). Three mutant strains, M11, M13, and M18, were found to grow with producing lipids with SBH as carbon source. M11 in particular appeared to accumulate higher levels (up to 60% of dry cell weight) of intracellular lipids. Further, all three mutant strains showed tolerance of vanillin, furfural, and acetic acid, with different spectra, suggesting that different genetic determinants are involved in SBH tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitahara
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P.R. China
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68
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Bioconversion of natural gas to liquid fuel: opportunities and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:596-614. [PMID: 24726715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural gas is a mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases that can be generated from either fossil or anthropogenic resources. Although natural gas is used as a transportation fuel, constraints in storage, relatively low energy content (MJ/L), and delivery have limited widespread adoption. Advanced utilization of natural gas has been explored for biofuel production by microorganisms. In recent years, the aerobic bioconversion of natural gas (or primarily the methane content of natural gas) into liquid fuels (Bio-GTL) by biocatalysts (methanotrophs) has gained increasing attention as a promising alternative for drop-in biofuel production. Methanotrophic bacteria are capable of converting methane into microbial lipids, which can in turn be converted into renewable diesel via a hydrotreating process. In this paper, biodiversity, catalytic properties and key enzymes and pathways of these microbes are summarized. Bioprocess technologies are discussed based upon existing literature, including cultivation conditions, fermentation modes, bioreactor design, and lipid extraction and upgrading. This review also outlines the potential of Bio-GTL using methane as an alternative carbon source as well as the major challenges and future research needs of microbial lipid accumulation derived from methane, key performance index, and techno-economic analysis. An analysis of raw material costs suggests that methane-derived diesel fuel has the potential to be competitive with petroleum-derived diesel.
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69
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An optimized transformation protocol for Lipomyces starkeyi. Curr Genet 2014; 60:223-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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70
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Anschau A, Xavier MCA, Hernalsteens S, Franco TT. Effect of feeding strategies on lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:214-22. [PMID: 24556374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce microbial oil from Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296 grown in hemicellulose hydrolysate (H-H). Glucose and xylose were used for batch, fed-batch, repeated fed-batch, and continuous cultures, and H-H was tested at continuous culture. The highest cell and lipid concentrations of 85.4 and 41.8g/L, respectively, were obtained using repeated fed-batch strategy. Continuous culture with dilution rate of 0.03h(-1) presented the highest overall cell (0.443g/g) and lipid yields (0.236g/g). At 0.06h(-1) were obtained the highest cell and lipid productivities. Continuous cultivation using H-H at 0.03h(-1) resulted in higher cell productivity than that obtained using glucose:xylose. Gas chromatography analysis of the esterified lipids indicated that the major constituents of this complex are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid with an estimated cetane number (approximately 61) similar to that of palm biodiesel, which is important for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Anschau
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michelle C A Xavier
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Saartje Hernalsteens
- Department of Exact Sciences and Geoscience, College of Chemical Engineering, UNIFESP (Federal University of São Paulo), 09972-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Telma T Franco
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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71
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Yang X, Jin G, Gong Z, Shen H, Song Y, Bai F, Zhao ZK. Simultaneous utilization of glucose and mannose from spent yeast cell mass for lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:383-7. [PMID: 24661812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With ever-increasing culture of yeasts for the production of biofuels and other metabolites, spent yeast cell mass exceeds its traditional market demands. Yeast cell mass contains glucose, mannose and other sugars that may be utilized for microbial culture. Here we demonstrated that the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi could utilize glucose and mannose simultaneously for lipid production. Overall substrate consumption rates and lipid coefficients were 0.58 g/L/h and 0.18 g lipid/g sugar, respectively, in flask cultures regardless of glucose, mannose or a mixture of both as the carbon source. L. starkeyi grew well on the hydrolysates of spent cell mass of Rhodosporidium toruloides, consumed both glucose and mannose therein, and produced lipid at a yield of 0.12 g lipid/g total reducing sugars. This co-utilization strategy expands carbon sources for lipid production. It should provide an opportunity for recycling spent cell mass and be of significant interests to biorefinery and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China; Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guojie Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yehua Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fengwu Bai
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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72
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Tan T. Lipid and carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis under irradiation/high-temperature and dark/low-temperature cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:149-53. [PMID: 24549236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of lipid and carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis was investigated under different irradiation conditions, temperatures and C/N ratios. The results showed that dark/low-temperature could enhance lipid content, while irradiation/high-temperature increased the yields of biomass and carotenoid. The optimum C/N ratio for production was between 80 and 100. A two-stage cultivation strategy was used for lipid and carotenoid production in a 5L fermenter. In the first stage, the maximum biomass reached 28.1g/L under irradiation/high-temperature. Then, the cultivation condition was changed to dark/low-temperature, and C/N ratio was adjusted to 90. After the second stage, the biomass, lipid content and carotenoid reached 86.2g/L, 26.7% and 4.2mg/L, respectively. More significantly, the yields of biomass and lipid were 43.1% and 11.5%, respectively. Lipids contained 79.7% 18C and 16.8% 16C fatty acids by GC analysis. HPLC quantified the main carotenoids were β-carotene (68.4%), torularhodin (21.5%) and torulene (10.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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73
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Xia L. An oleaginous endophyte Bacillus subtilis HB1310 isolated from thin-shelled walnut and its utilization of cotton stalk hydrolysate for lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:152. [PMID: 25342975 PMCID: PMC4205296 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Third generation biodiesel processing from microbial lipids using low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks has attracted much attention. Endophytes isolated from oleaginous plants possibly have the capacity to accumulate lipids similar to the hosts. However, little work has been reported in terms of endophytic bacteria isolation from oleaginous plants and their lipid production using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as substrate. RESULTS A new oleaginous endophyte HB1310 has been isolated from the thin-shelled walnut, and identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of both 16S rDNA gene sequencing and examination of its physiological and biochemical properties. This strain effectively accumulates cellular lipids using cotton stalk hydrolysate as a substrate. The optimum C/N ratio, culture temperature, and pH value were determined to be 50/1, 30°C, and 6.5, respectively. Batch fermentation was conducted in a bioreactor using these parameters. Satisfactory production, with a maximum lipid productivity of 2.3 g/L, lipid content of 39.8% (w/w), and cell dry weight (CDW) of 5.7 g/L, was obtained at a culture time of 48 h. Variations in the fluorescent intensity and lipid inclusion formation of cells collected at different sampling times illustrate the potential of this bacterium to be useful for cellular lipid production. The fatty acid profile of the produced bacterial lipids showed that the major constituents are myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids with an estimated cetane number of about 61.8, indicating that this strain may be suitable for biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation is the first report of an oleaginous endophytic bacterium isolated from the thin-shelled walnut. This strain is capable of producing high lipid contents rapidly using cotton stalk hydrolysate as a substrate, and its lipids are suitable for use as the feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
- />College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
- />Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
| | - Yanbin Li
- />College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
- />Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
| | - Liming Xia
- />Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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74
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Gong Z, Shen H, Yang X, Wang Q, Xie H, Zhao ZK. Lipid production from corn stover by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:158. [PMID: 25352914 PMCID: PMC4210566 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids produced from lignocellulosic biomass hold great promise for the biodiesel industry. These lipids usually consist of three major processes: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and lipid production. However, the conventional strategy of using biomass hydrolysates as the feedstock for lipid production suffers from low lipid coefficient and prohibitively high costs. More cost-effective and integrated processes are required to advance lignocellulosic biomass-based microbial lipid technology. RESULTS Three different strategies were tested using the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 as a lipid producer and alkaline-pretreated corn stover as a model material. It was found that the separate hydrolysis and enhanced lipid production process required more cellulolytic enzymes yet afforded a low lipid coefficient of 115.6 mg/g pretreated corn stover. When biomass hydrolysis and lipid production were integrated, the amounts of cellulase and xylanase were reduced and no β-glucosidase was required. The simultaneous saccharification and lipid production process gave a lipid coefficient of 129.4 mg/g pretreated corn stover. A higher lipid coefficient of 159.4 mg/g pretreated corn stover was obtained using the simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production (SSELP) process. Furthermore, cellulolytic enzymes were found recoverable and reusable upon recycling the spent supernatants of the SSELP process, which could reduce enzyme consumption and wastewater discharge. CONCLUSIONS The SSELP process was superior to other processes in terms of converting alkaline-pretreated corn stover into lipids by C. curvatus, as it required less cellulolytic enzymes and had a higher lipid coefficient. Moreover, the process facilitated easy enzyme recycling that should lead to further reduction of enzyme consumption. These results provide valuable information for cost-effective lipid production from lignocelluloses, which should be particularly important in achieving a sustainable production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gong
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
- />College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
- />Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 PR China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Qian Wang
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
- />Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 PR China
| | - Haibo Xie
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
- />Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- />Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 China
- />Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 PR China
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75
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Shi J, Feng H, Lee J, Ning Chen W. Comparative proteomics profile of lipid-cumulating oleaginous yeast: an iTRAQ-coupled 2-D LC-MS/MS analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85532. [PMID: 24386479 PMCID: PMC3873444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular lipid in oleaginous yeast cells has been studied for providing an alternative supply for energy, biofuel. Numerous studies have been conducted on increasing lipid content in oleaginous yeasts. However, few explore the mechanism of the high lipid accumulation ability of oleaginous yeast strains at the proteomics level. In this study, a time-course comparative proteomics analysis was introduced to compare the non-oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with two oleaginous yeast strains, Cryptococcus albidus and Rhodosporidium toruloides at different lipid accumulation stages. Two dimensional LC-MS/MS approach has been applied for protein profiling together with isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling method. 132 proteins were identified when three yeast strains were all at early lipid accumulation stage; 122 and 116 proteins were found respectively within cells of three strains collected at middle and late lipid accumulation stages. Significantly up-regulation or down-regulation of proteins were experienced among comparison. Essential proteins correlated to lipid synthesis and regulation were detected. Our approach provides valuable indication and better understanding for lipid accumulation mechanism from proteomics level and would further contribute to genetic engineering of oleaginous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huixing Feng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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76
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Bioconversion of Corncob Acid Hydrolysate into Microbial Oil by the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:2197-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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77
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Jin G, Zhang Y, Shen H, Yang X, Xie H, Zhao ZK. Fatty acid ethyl esters production in aqueous phase by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:266-270. [PMID: 24177160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are attractive biofuel molecules. Conventional FAEEs production process uses triglycerides and ethanol as feedstocks and is sensitive to water contents. In this work, we show that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides cells are capable of converting lipids into FAEEs intracellularly in aqueous phase. Up to 73% of cellular neutral glycerides could be converted into FAEEs when lipid-rich cells were incubated for 84 h at 35°C, pH 6.0 in a broth containing 10 vol% ethanol. It was found that neutral glycerides were first hydrolyzed to free fatty acids followed by esterification and that lipid droplets played important roles in the process. This new process provides a novel opportunity for integration of microbial lipid production technology with bioethanol fermentation for more efficient production of drop-in biofuels from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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78
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Gong Z, Shen H, Wang Q, Yang X, Xie H, Zhao ZK. Efficient conversion of biomass into lipids by using the simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:36. [PMID: 23497564 PMCID: PMC3602673 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipid production by using lignocellulosic biomass as the feedstock holds a great promise for biodiesel production and biorefinery. This usually involves hydrolysis of biomass into sugar-rich hydrolysates, which are then used by oleaginous microorganisms as the carbon and energy sources to produce lipids. However, the costs of microbial lipids remain prohibitively high for commercialization. More efficient and integrated processes are pivotal for better techno-economics of microbial lipid technology. RESULTS Here we describe the simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production (SSELP) process that is highly advantageous in terms of converting cellulosic materials into lipids, as it integrates cellulose biomass hydrolysis and lipid biosynthesis. Specifically, Cryptococcus curvatus cells prepared in a nutrient-rich medium were inoculated at high dosage for lipid production in biomass suspension in the presence of hydrolytic enzymes without auxiliary nutrients. When cellulose was loaded at 32.3 g/L, cellulose conversion, cell mass, lipid content and lipid coefficient reached 98.5%, 12.4 g/L, 59.9% and 204 mg/g, respectively. Lipid yields of the SSELP process were higher than those obtained by using the conventional process where cellulose was hydrolyzed separately. When ionic liquid pretreated corn stover was used, both cellulose and hemicellulose were consumed simultaneously. No xylose was accumulated over time, indicating that glucose effect was circumvented. The lipid yield reached 112 mg/g regenerated corn stover. This process could be performed without sterilization because of the absence of auxiliary nutrients for bacterial contamination. CONCLUSIONS The SSELP process facilitates direct conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose of lignocellulosic materials into microbial lipids. It greatly reduces time and capital costs while improves lipid coefficient. Optimization of the SSELP process at different levels should further improve the efficiency of microbial lipid technology, which in turn, promote the biotechnological production of fatty acid-derived products from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gong
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, PR China
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79
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Single cell oil production from low-cost substrates: The possibility and potential of its industrialization. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Hu Z, Zhang X, Wu Z, Qi H, Wang Z. Export of intracellular Monascus pigments by two-stage microbial fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:202-9. [PMID: 23079078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation of intracellular product is usually limited by high intracellular product concentration inhibition and complex downstream product processing. Perstractive fermentation of intracellular Monascus pigments in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 aqueous solution was studied in the present work, in which the intracellular product was exported from the intracellular to the extracellular aqueous solution and consecutively extracted into the nonionic surfactant micelles. After the second stage perstractive fermentation in the two-stage operation mode, biomass increased from 5 to 24 g/l DCW. The corresponding extracellular concentrations of yellow, orange, and red pigments were 60, 49 and 26 AU. The increase of cell density and the final pigment concentration were difficult to occur in a conventional aqueous medium using the two-stage fermentation. This positive effect of perstractive fermentation was ascribed to low intracellular pigment density, which eliminated the product inhibition and prevented the product from further degradation. The high efficiency of perstractive fermentation was further confirmed by fed-batch operation mode, in which the final biomass reached 28 g/l DCW and the corresponding extracellular concentrations of yellow, orange, and red pigments were 130, 84 and 47 AU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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81
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Repeated batch fermentation with water recycling and cell separation for microbial lipid production. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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82
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Gong Z, Wang Q, Shen H, Hu C, Jin G, Zhao ZK. Co-fermentation of cellobiose and xylose by Lipomyces starkeyi for lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:20-4. [PMID: 22609709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass contain glucose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, among other sugars. Effective utilization of these sugars remains challenging for microbial conversion, because most microorganisms consume such sugars sequentially with a strong preference for glucose. In the present study, the oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi, was shown to consume cellobiose and xylose simultaneously and to produce intracellular lipids from cellobiose, xylose and glucose. In flask cultures with glucose, cellobiose or a mixture of cellobiose/xylose as carbon sources, overall substrate consumption rates were close to 0.6 g/L/h, and lipid coefficients were 0.19 g lipid/g sugar, respectively. This cellobiose/xylose co-fermentation strategy provides an opportunity to efficiently utilize lignocellulosic biomass for microbial lipid production, which is important for biorefinery and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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83
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Jin G, Yang F, Hu C, Shen H, Zhao ZK. Enzyme-assisted extraction of lipids directly from the culture of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:378-82. [PMID: 22361072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids produced by oleaginous microorganisms are a potential feedstock for biodiesel production and chemical synthesis. Yet, the costs of microbial lipids remain high, partially because the lipid recovery process is tedious and costly. In the present study, enzyme-assisted extraction of lipids from the culture of the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was carried out. With a heat pre-treatment with microwave, enzymatic treatment with the recombinant β-1,3-glucomannanase, plMAN5C, and extraction with ethyl acetate, 96.6% of the total lipids were extracted from R. toruloides cells at room temperature and atmospheric pressure directly from the culture without dewatering. Therefore, this process could significantly reduce energy consumption and costs for lipids extraction from the yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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