51
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Benkstein KD, Balakrishnan G, Bhirde A, Chalus P, Das TK, Do N, Duewer DL, Filonov N, Cheong FC, Garidel P, Gill NS, Grabarek AD, Grier DG, Hadley J, Hollingsworth AD, Howard WW, Jarzębski M, Jiskoot W, Kar SR, Kestens V, Khasa H, Kim YJ, Koulov A, Matter A, Philips LA, Probst C, Ramaye Y, Randolph TW, Ripple DC, Romeijn S, Saggu M, Schleinzer F, Snell JR, Tatarkiewicz J“K, Wright HA, Yang D. An Interlaboratory Comparison on the Characterization of a Sub-micrometer Polydisperse Particle Dispersion. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:699-709. [PMID: 34808214 PMCID: PMC9912188 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of polydisperse protein aggregates and particles in biotherapeutics remains a challenge, especially for particles with diameters of ≈ 1 µm and below (sub-micrometer). This paper describes an interlaboratory comparison with the goal of assessing the measurement variability for the characterization of a sub-micrometer polydisperse particle dispersion composed of five sub-populations of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica beads. The study included 20 participating laboratories from industry, academia, and government, and a variety of state-of-the-art particle-counting instruments. The received datasets were organized by instrument class to enable comparison of intralaboratory and interlaboratory performance. The main findings included high variability between datasets from different laboratories, with coefficients of variation from 13 % to 189 %. Intralaboratory variability was, on average, 37 % of the interlaboratory variability for an instrument class and particle sub-population. Drop-offs at either end of the size range and poor agreement on maximum counts of particle sub-populations were noted. The mean distributions from an instrument class, however, showed the size-coverage range for that class. The study shows that a polydisperse sample can be used to assess performance capabilities of an instrument set-up (including hardware, software, and user settings) and provides guidance for the development of polydisperse reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D. Benkstein
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Gurusamy Balakrishnan
- Analytical Development and Attribute Science, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ashwinkumar Bhirde
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Pascal Chalus
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Ngoc Do
- Spectradyne LLC, 23875 Madison St Suite A, Torrance CA 90505, USA
| | - David L. Duewer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Nazar Filonov
- AlphaNanoTech, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA,Particle Metrix, Inc., Mebane, NC 27302, USA
| | | | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, D-88397-Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nicole S. Gill
- Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc. Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Adam D. Grabarek
- Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstrasse 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - David G. Grier
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Judith Hadley
- Malvern Pananalytical, 117 Flanders Road Westborough, MA 01581, USA
| | - Andrew D. Hollingsworth
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wesley W. Howard
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vikram Kestens
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Harshit Khasa
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Yoen Joo Kim
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Atanas Koulov
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Matter
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yannic Ramaye
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Theodore W. Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Dean C. Ripple
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Franziska Schleinzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, D-88397-Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Yang
- Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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52
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DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100596. [PMID: 34297485 PMCID: PMC8783929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emergent approaches in regenerative medicine look toward the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a next-generation treatment strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) because of their ability to attenuate chronic inflammation, reduce apoptosis, and stimulate proliferation in a number of tissue systems. Yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved EV therapeutics in the market with an indication for IVDD, which motivates this article to review the current state of the field and provide an IVD-specific framework to assess its efficacy. In this systematic review, 29 preclinical studies that investigate EVs in relation to the IVD are identified, and additionally, the regulatory approval process is reviewed in an effort to accelerate emerging EV-based therapeutics toward FDA submission and timeline-to-market. The majority of studies focus on nucleus pulposus responses to EV treatment, where the main findings show that stem cell-derived EVs can decelerate the progression of IVDD on the molecular, cellular, and organ level. The findings also highlight the importance of the EV parent cell's pathophysiological and differentiation state, which affects downstream treatment responses and therapeutic outcomes. This systematic review substantiates the use of EVs as a promising cell-free strategy to treat IVDD and enhance endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Keti Vaso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Henry N. Chionuma
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Weiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
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53
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A review of optical methods for ultrasensitive detection and characterization of nanoparticles in liquid media with a focus on the wide field surface plasmon microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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54
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Wichmann N, Lund PM, Hansen MB, Hjørringgaard CU, Larsen JB, Kristensen K, Andresen TL, Simonsen JB. Applying flow cytometry to identify the modes of action of membrane-active peptides in a label-free and high-throughput fashion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183820. [PMID: 34813768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) have several potential therapeutic uses, including as antimicrobial drugs. Many traditional methods used to evaluate the membrane interactions of MAPs have limited applicability. Low-throughput methods, such as microscopy, provide detailed information but often rely on fluorophore-labeled MAPs, and high-throughput assays, such as the calcein release assay, cannot assess the mechanism behind the disruption of vesicular-based lipid membranes. Here we present a flow cytometric assay that provides detailed information about the peptide-lipid membrane interactions on single artificial lipid vesicles while being high-throughput (1000-2000 vesicles/s) and based on label-free MAPs. We synthesized and investigated six MAPs with different modes of action to evaluate the versatility of the assay. The assay is based on the flow cytometric readouts from artificial lipid vesicles, including the fluorescence from membrane-anchored and core-encapsulated fluorophores, and the vesicle concentration. From these parameters, we were able to distinguish between MAPs that induce vesicle solubilization, permeation (pores/membrane distortion), and aggregation or fusion. Our flow cytometry findings have been verified by traditional methods, including the calcein release assay, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles. We envision that the presented flow cytometric assay can be used for various types of peptide-lipid membrane studies, e.g. to identify new antibiotics. Moreover, the assay can easily be expanded to derive additional valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Wichmann
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip M Lund
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia U Hjørringgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik B Larsen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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55
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Hamilton S, Regan D, Payne L, Langbein W, Borri P. Sizing individual dielectric nanoparticles with quantitative differential interference contrast microscopy. Analyst 2022; 147:1567-1580. [PMID: 35302561 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to measure the size of single dielectric nanoparticles with high accuracy and precision using quantitative differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Regan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lukas Payne
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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56
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Stelzl A, Grabarek A, Schneid S, Jiskoot W, Menzen T, Winter G. Comparison of submicron particle counting methods with a heat stressed monoclonal antibody: Effect of electrolytes and implications on sample preparation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1992-1999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Misinterpretation of solid sphere equivalent refractive index measurements and smallest detectable diameters of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24151. [PMID: 34921157 PMCID: PMC8683472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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58
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Brittain GC, Langlois MA, Gulnik S. Reply to: Misinterpretation of solid sphere equivalent refractive index measurements and smallest detectable diameters of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24170. [PMID: 34921153 PMCID: PMC8683426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George C Brittain
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA. .,Genotix Biotechnologies, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,uOttawa Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sergei Gulnik
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA
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59
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Cheah LC, Stark T, Adamson LSR, Abidin RS, Lau YH, Sainsbury F, Vickers CE. Artificial Self-assembling Nanocompartment for Organizing Metabolic Pathways in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3251-3263. [PMID: 34591448 PMCID: PMC8689640 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are commonly organized by sequestration into discrete cellular compartments. Compartments prevent unfavorable interactions with other pathways and provide local environments conducive to the activity of encapsulated enzymes. Such compartments are also useful synthetic biology tools for examining enzyme/pathway behavior and for metabolic engineering. Here, we expand the intracellular compartmentalization toolbox for budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with Murine polyomavirus virus-like particles (MPyV VLPs). The MPyV system has two components: VP1 which self-assembles into the compartment shell and a short anchor, VP2C, which mediates cargo protein encapsulation via binding to the inner surface of the VP1 shell. Destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to VP2C was specifically sorted into VLPs and thereby protected from host-mediated degradation. An engineered VP1 variant displayed improved cargo capture properties and differential subcellular localization compared to wild-type VP1. To demonstrate their ability to function as a metabolic compartment, MPyV VLPs were used to encapsulate myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), an unstable and rate-limiting enzyme in d-glucaric acid biosynthesis. Strains with encapsulated MIOX produced ∼20% more d-glucaric acid compared to controls expressing "free" MIOX─despite accumulating dramatically less expressed protein─and also grew to higher cell densities. This is the first demonstration in yeast of an artificial biocatalytic compartment that can participate in a metabolic pathway and establishes the MPyV platform as a promising synthetic biology tool for yeast engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen Cheah
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSIRO
Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Terra Stark
- Metabolomics
Australia (Queensland Node), The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan S. R. Adamson
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rufika S. Abidin
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSIRO
Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Centre
for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSIRO
Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Centre
for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre
of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane
City, Queensland 4000, Australia
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60
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Peppersack C, Kwade A, Breitung-Faes S. Selective particle size analysis in binary submicron particle mixtures using density dependent differential sedimentation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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61
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Chen X, Fan Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, Xin Y, Li K, Tang K, Du P, Liu Y, Wang G, Yang M, Tan Y. Nanoparticle-mediated specific elimination of soft cancer stem cells by targeting low cell stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:493-505. [PMID: 34492369 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the driving force of tumor progression, cancer stem cells (CSCs) hold much lower cellular stiffness than bulk tumor cells across many cancer types. However, it remains unclear whether low cell stiffness can be harnessed in nanoparticle-based therapeutics for CSC targeting. We report that breast CSCs exhibit much lower stiffness but considerably higher uptake of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) than bulk tumor cells. Softening/stiffening cells enhances/suppresses nanoparticle uptake through activating/inhibiting clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, suggesting that low cell stiffness mediates the elevated uptake in soft CSCs that may lead to the specific elimination. Further, soft CSCs enhance drug release, cellular retention, and nuclear accumulation of drug-loaded N-GQDs by reducing intracellular pH and exocytosis. Remarkably, drug-loaded N-GQDs specifically eliminate soft CSCs both in vitro and in vivo, inhibit tumor but not animal growth, and reduce the tumorigenicity of xenograft cells. Our findings unveil a new mechanism by which low cellular stiffness can be harnessed in nanoparticle-based strategies for specific CSC elimination, opening a new paradigm of cancer mechanomedicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Low cell stiffness is associated with high malignancy of tumor cells and thus serves as a mechanical hallmark of CSCs. However, it remains unclear whether cellular stiffness can be exploited for specific targeting of soft CSCs. This work reports that soft CSCs exhibit high N-GQD uptake compared to stiff tumor cells, which is regulated by cellular stiffness. Further, soft CSCs have enhanced drug release, cellular retention, and nuclear accumulation of drug-loaded N-GQDs, which enable the specific elimination of malignant CSCs both in vitro and in vivo with minimal side effect. In summary, our study demonstrates that CSC's low stiffness can be harnessed as a mechanical target for specific eradication, which provides a new paradigm of cancer mechanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yadi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jinghua Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ying Xin
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Keming Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kai Tang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pengyu Du
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 518053, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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62
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Izadirad M, Huang Z, Jafari F, Hamidieh AA, Gharehbaghian A, Li YD, Jafari L, Chen ZS. Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Leukemia: A Mesmerizing Journey With a Focus on Transferred microRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766371. [PMID: 34692712 PMCID: PMC8527035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their small size, the membrane-bound particles named extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to play an enormous role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. From oncogenic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to become leukemic cells to alter the architecture of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, EVs are critical components of leukemia development. As a carrier of essential molecules, especially a group of small non-coding RNAs known as miRNA, recently, EVs have attracted tremendous attention as a prognostic factor. Given the importance of miRNAs in the early stages of leukemogenesis and also their critical parts in the development of drug-resistant phenotype, it seems that the importance of EVs in the development of leukemia is more than what is expected. To be familiar with the clinical value of leukemia-derived EVs, this review aimed to briefly shed light on the biology of EVs and to discuss the role of EV-derived miRNAs in the development of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By elaborating the advances and challenges concerning the isolation of EVs, we discuss whether EVs could have a prognostic value in the clinical setting for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Izadirad
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Farideh Jafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Leila Jafari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY, United States
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
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63
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Application of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for the Quantification of Submicron Particles in Pharmaceutical Monoclonal Antibody Preparations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3541-3545. [PMID: 34303672 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS, qNano Gold, IZON Ltd.) was investigated as a method to quantify submicron particles (SMPs) between 0.1 and 1 µm in solutions of biopharmaceuticals. To reduce sample dilution, a spiking-in approach was used to add the appropriate amount of electrolytes required for the measurement. For correct particle quantification, an electrolyte concentration of at least 50 mM sodium chloride was needed. Intra- and inter-nanopore variability were below 5% for size and below 10% for concentration measurements when analyzing polystyrene standard beads. Submicron particle counts in a stir stressed IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation resulted in a non-symmetrical, almost bell-shaped size distribution with a maximum at 250 nm when using a NP300 nanopore (IZON Ltd.). It was shown that particle counts are heavily underestimated below 250 nm, and therefore it is recommended to quantify particle counts by TRPS in samples with heterogeneous particle size distributions (e.g., biopharmaceuticals) only starting from the maximum of the histogram towards the upper limit of detection.
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64
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Buschmann D, Mussack V, Byrd JB. Separation, characterization, and standardization of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:348-368. [PMID: 33964356 PMCID: PMC8217305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanovesicles secreted from living cells, shuttling macromolecules in intercellular communication and potentially possessing intrinsic therapeutic activity. Due to their stability, low immunogenicity, and inherent interaction with recipient cells, EVs also hold great promise as drug delivery vehicles. Indeed, they have been used to deliver nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules in preclinical investigations. Furthermore, EV-based drugs have entered early clinical trials for cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their appeal as delivery vectors, however, EV-based drug delivery progress has been hampered by heterogeneity of sample types and methods as well as a persistent lack of standardization, validation, and comprehensive reporting. This review highlights specific requirements for EVs in drug delivery and describes the most pertinent approaches for separation and characterization. Despite residual uncertainties related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and potential off-target effects, clinical-grade, high-potency EV drugs might be achievable through GMP-compliant workflows in a highly standardized environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Buschmann
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - James Brian Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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65
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Pei Y, Hinchliffe BA, Minelli C. Measurement of the Size Distribution of Multimodal Colloidal Systems by Laser Diffraction. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14049-14058. [PMID: 34124428 PMCID: PMC8190786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laser diffraction (LD) is a well-established tool for the measurement of particle size distribution. Recently, its demand and use for the measurement of complex biological systems have increased. Among the challenges that these types of samples present, there is the presence of multiple particle populations whose modal size may span across several orders of magnitude. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of LD for the measurement of the modal diameter of both single and mixed populations of polystyrene particles with diameters ranging from 60 nm to 40 μm. We discuss the application of different available algorithms to the analysis of the data and their impact on the measurement results. Independent methods were applied to guide the selection of the algorithms and validate the measured size distributions. We found that the modal diameters of the particle size distribution measured by LD for the mixed suspension was accurate within 2 % for particles larger than 1 μm and generally within 25 % for the particles tested. Method repeatability was found to be robust, with deviations below 1%. The method was also found to be useful for estimating the relative concentration of the particle populations in the mixed samples. This study provides confidence in the use of LD for the measurement of complex multimodal colloidal samples.
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66
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Kataoka T, Shiba K, Nagata S, Yamada I, Chai Y, Tagaya M. Preparation of Monodispersed Nanoporous Eu(III)/Titania Loaded with Ibuprofen: Optimum Loading, Luminescence, and Sustained Release. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8765-8776. [PMID: 34080837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials are one of the potential carriers for drug delivery, whereas there are many prerequisites for this purpose. The carrier should be monodispersed, be fluorescent, and have a proper nanostructure to keep/release drug molecules to achieve controlled release, although preparing a nanomaterial which fulfills all the demands is still very challenging. In this paper, we show the preparation of monodispersed nanoporous amorphous titania submicron particles with fluorescent property. They adsorb a model drug molecule-ibuprofen-with their surface coverage up to 100%. Such a perfect loading does not decrease the fluorescent intensity because of any quenching effects but even maximize it. We also demonstrate the release behavior of IBU into simulated body fluid. Interestingly, the present carrier releases most of IBU in 6 h, whereas that modified with the polyethylene glycol moiety takes 48 h to finish releasing IBU, indicating its potential for controlled release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kataoka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC), 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kota Shiba
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shinya Nagata
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Iori Yamada
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC), 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yadong Chai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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67
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Abstract
"There's plenty of room at the bottom" (Richard Feynman, 1959): an invitation for (metalla)carboranes to enter the (new) field of nanomedicine. For two decades, the number of publications on boron cluster compounds designed for potential applications in medicine has been constantly increasing. Hundreds of compounds have been screened in vitro or in vivo for a variety of biological activities (chemotherapeutics, radiotherapeutics, antiviral, etc.), and some have shown rather promising potential for further development. However, until now, no boron cluster compounds have made it to the clinic, and even clinical trials have been very sparse. This review introduces a new perspective in the field of medicinal boron chemistry, namely that boron-based drugs should be regarded as nanomedicine platforms, due to their peculiar self-assembly behaviour in aqueous solutions, and treated as such. Examples for boron-based 12- and 11-vertex clusters and appropriate comparative studies from medicinal (in)organic chemistry and nanomedicine, highlighting similarities, differences and gaps in physicochemical and biological characterisation methods, are provided to encourage medicinal boron chemists to fill in the gaps between chemistry laboratory and real applications in living systems by employing bioanalytical and biophysical methods for characterising and controlling the aggregation behaviour of the clusters in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gozzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityLinnéstr. 304103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Medicinal Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityHärtelstr. 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute of Medicinal Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityHärtelstr. 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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68
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Plüisch CS, Stuckert R, Wittemann A. Direct Measurement of Sedimentation Coefficient Distributions in Multimodal Nanoparticle Mixtures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1027. [PMID: 33920635 PMCID: PMC8072784 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) is based on physical separation of nanoparticles in a centrifugal field prior to their analysis. It is suitable for resolving particle populations, which only slightly differ in size or density. Agglomeration presents a common problem in many natural and engineered processes. Reliable data on the agglomeration state are also crucial for hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials and for grouping and read-across of nanoforms. Agglomeration results in polydisperse mixtures of nanoparticle clusters with multimodal distributions in size, density, and shape. These key parameters affect the sedimentation coefficient, which is the actual physical quantity measured in DCS, although the method is better known for particle sizing. The conversion into a particle size distribution is, however, based on the assumption of spherical shapes. The latter disregards the influence of the actual shape on the sedimentation rate. Sizes obtained in this way refer to equivalent diameters of spheres that sediment at the same velocity. This problem can be circumvented by focusing on the sedimentation coefficient distribution of complex nanoparticle mixtures. Knowledge of the latter is essential to implement and optimize preparative centrifugal routines, enabling precise and efficient sorting of complex nanoparticle mixtures. The determination of sedimentation coefficient distributions by DCS is demonstrated based on supracolloidal assemblies, which are often referred to as "colloidal molecules". The DCS results are compared with sedimentation coefficients obtained from hydrodynamic bead-shell modeling. Furthermore, the practical implementation of the analytical findings into preparative centrifugal separations is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Wittemann
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany; (C.S.P.); (R.S.)
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69
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Arab T, Mallick ER, Huang Y, Dong L, Liao Z, Zhao Z, Gololobova O, Smith B, Haughey NJ, Pienta KJ, Slusher BS, Tarwater PM, Tosar JP, Zivkovic AM, Vreeland WN, Paulaitis ME, Witwer KW. Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12079. [PMID: 33850608 PMCID: PMC8023330 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared four orthogonal technologies for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic particles. The platforms were: single‐particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP‐IRIS) with fluorescence, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with fluorescence, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS), and nanoflow cytometry measurement (NFCM). EVs from the human T lymphocyte line H9 (high CD81, low CD63) and the promonocytic line U937 (low CD81, high CD63) were separated from culture conditioned medium (CCM) by differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) or a combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot (WB). Mixtures of synthetic particles (silica and polystyrene spheres) with known sizes and/or concentrations were also tested. MRPS and NFCM returned similar particle counts, while NTA detected counts approximately one order of magnitude lower for EVs, but not for synthetic particles. SP‐IRIS events could not be used to estimate particle concentrations. For sizing, SP‐IRIS, MRPS, and NFCM returned similar size profiles, with smaller sizes predominating (per power law distribution), but with sensitivity typically dropping off below diameters of 60 nm. NTA detected a population of particles with a mode diameter greater than 100 nm. Additionally, SP‐IRIS, MRPS, and NFCM were able to identify at least three of four distinct size populations in a mixture of silica or polystyrene nanoparticles. Finally, for tetraspanin phenotyping, the SP‐IRIS platform in fluorescence mode was able to detect at least two markers on the same particle, while NFCM detected either CD81 or CD63. Based on the results of this study, we can draw conclusions about existing single‐particle analysis capabilities that may be useful for EV biomarker development and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Emily R Mallick
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Zhaohao Liao
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Patrick M Tarwater
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Faculty of Science Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay.,Functional Genomics Unit Institut Pasteur de Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Wyatt N Vreeland
- Bioprocess Measurements Group National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Michael E Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore Maryland USA
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70
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Maor I, Asadi S, Korganbayev S, Dahis D, Shamay Y, Schena E, Azhari H, Saccomandi P, Weitz IS. Laser-induced thermal response and controlled release of copper oxide nanoparticles from multifunctional polymeric nanocarriers. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:218-233. [PMID: 33795974 PMCID: PMC7971204 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1883406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocarriers have attracted considerable interest in improving cancer treatment outcomes. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres encapsulating copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are characterized by antitumor activity and exhibit dual-modal contrast-enhancing capabilities. An in vitro evaluation demonstrates that this delivery system allows controlled and sustained release of CuO-NPs. To achieve localized release on demand, an external stimulation by laser irradiation is suggested. Furthermore, to enable simultaneous complementary photothermal therapy, polydopamine (PDA) coating for augmented laser absorption is proposed. To this aim, two formulations of CuO-NPs loaded nanospheres are prepared from PLGA polymers RG-504 H (H-PLGA) and RG-502 H (L-PLGA) as scaffolds for surface modification through in situ polymerization of dopamine and then PEGylation. The obtained CuO-NPs-based multifunctional nanocarriers are characterized, and photothermal effects are examined as a function of wavelength and time. The results show that 808 nm laser irradiation of the coated nanospheres yields maximal temperature elevation (T = 41°C) and stimulates copper release at a much faster rate compared to non-irradiated formulations. Laser-triggered CuO-NP release is mainly depended on the PLGA core, resulting in faster release with L-PLGA, which also yielded potent anti-tumor efficacy in head and neck cancer cell line (Cal-33). In conclusion, the suggested multifunctional nanoplatform offers the integrated benefits of diagnostic imaging and laser-induced drug release combined with thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Maor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Somayeh Asadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Dahis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Israel
| | - Yosi Shamay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Israel
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Haim Azhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Israel
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Iris Sonia Weitz
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
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71
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Caputo F, Vogel R, Savage J, Vella G, Law A, Della Camera G, Hannon G, Peacock B, Mehn D, Ponti J, Geiss O, Aubert D, Prina-Mello A, Calzolai L. Measuring particle size distribution and mass concentration of nanoplastics and microplastics: addressing some analytical challenges in the sub-micron size range. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:401-417. [PMID: 33422789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The implementation of the proposal from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) to restrict the use of nanoplastics (NP) and microplastics (MP) in consumer products will require reliable methods to perform size and mass-based concentration measurements. Analytical challenges arise at the nanometre to micrometre interface, e.g., 800 nm-10 µm, where techniques applicable at the nanometre scale reach their upper limit of applicability and approaches applicable at the micrometre scale must be pushed to their lower limits of detection. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we compared the performances of nine analytical techniques by measuring the particle size distribution and mass-based concentration of polystyrene mixtures containing both nano and microparticles, with the educational aim to underline applicability and limitations of each technique. FINDINGS Light scattering-based measurements do not have the resolution to distinguish multiple populations in polydisperse samples. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), nano-flowcytometry (nFCM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation hyphenated with multiangle light scattering (AF4-MALS) cannot measure particles in the micrometre range. Static light scattering (SLS) is not able to accurately detect particles below 200 nm, and similarly to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM), is not suitable for accurate mass-based concentration measurements. Alternatives for high-resolution sizing and concentration measurements in the size range between 60 nm and 5 µm are tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), that can bridge the gap between the nanometre and micrometre range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - R Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; IZON Science Ltd., Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
| | - J Savage
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Vella
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Law
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - G Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Hannon
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Peacock
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - D Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - J Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - O Geiss
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - D Aubert
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - A Prina-Mello
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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72
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López-Pacheco C, Bedoya-López A, Olguín-Alor R, Soldevila G. Analysis of Tumor-Derived Exosomes by Nanoscale Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:171-191. [PMID: 32813250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of tumor exosomes has gained relevance in the last decades due to their potential use for therapeutic and diagnostic application. Although there is extensive knowledge of exosome biology, some biological samples like tumor-derived exosomes have been difficult to characterize due to their complexity and heterogeneity. This distinctive feature makes difficult the identification of specific exosome subpopulations with a shared molecular signature that could allow for targeting of exosomes with therapeutic and diagnostic potential use in cancer patients. Nanoscale flow cytometry has lately emerged as an alternative tool that can be adapted to the study of nanoparticles, such as exosomes. However, the physicochemical properties of these particles are an important issue to consider as nanoparticles need the application of specific settings which differ from those used in conventional flow cytometry of cells. Therefore, in the last few years, one of the main aims has been the optimization of technical and experimental protocols to improve exosome analysis. In this chapter, we discuss several aspects of cytometric systems with a special emphasis in technical considerations of samples and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia López-Pacheco
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Bedoya-López
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguín-Alor
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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73
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Vogel R, Savage J, Muzard J, Camera GD, Vella G, Law A, Marchioni M, Mehn D, Geiss O, Peacock B, Aubert D, Calzolai L, Caputo F, Prina‐Mello A. Measuring particle concentration of multimodal synthetic reference materials and extracellular vesicles with orthogonal techniques: Who is up to the challenge? J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12052. [PMID: 33473263 PMCID: PMC7804049 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of physicochemical properties of polydisperse complex biological samples, for example, extracellular vesicles, is critical to assess their quality, for example, resulting from their production and isolation methods. The community is gradually becoming aware of the need to combine multiple orthogonal techniques to perform a robust characterization of complex biological samples. Three pillars of critical quality attribute characterization of EVs are sizing, concentration measurement and phenotyping. The repeatable measurement of vesicle concentration is one of the key-challenges that requires further efforts, in order to obtain comparable results by using different techniques and assure reproducibility. In this study, the performance of measuring the concentration of particles in the size range of 50-300 nm with complementary techniques is thoroughly investigated in a step-by step approach of incremental complexity. The six applied techniques include multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS), asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle light scattering (AF4-MALS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), and high-sensitivity nano flow cytometry (nFCM). To achieve comparability, monomodal samples and complex polystyrene mixtures were used as particles of metrological interest, in order to check the suitability of each technique in the size and concentration range of interest, and to develop reliable post-processing data protocols for the analysis. Subsequent complexity was introduced by testing liposomes as validation of the developed approaches with a known sample of physicochemical properties closer to EVs. Finally, the vesicles in EV containing plasma samples were analysed with all the tested techniques. The results presented here aim to shed some light into the requirements for the complex characterization of biological samples, as this is a critical need for quality assurance by the EV and regulatory community. Such efforts go with the view to contribute to both, set-up reproducible and reliable characterization protocols, and comply with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - John Savage
- LBCAMDepartment of Clinical MedicineTrinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | | | - Gabriele Vella
- LBCAMDepartment of Clinical MedicineTrinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Alice Law
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, MedicityNottinghamUK
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Otmar Geiss
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | | | - Luigi Calzolai
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Fanny Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and NanomedicineSINTEF IndustryTrondheimNorway
| | - Adriele Prina‐Mello
- LBCAMDepartment of Clinical MedicineTrinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- AMBER CentreCRANN Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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74
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Lynch I, Afantitis A, Exner T, Himly M, Lobaskin V, Doganis P, Maier D, Sanabria N, Papadiamantis AG, Rybinska-Fryca A, Gromelski M, Puzyn T, Willighagen E, Johnston BD, Gulumian M, Matzke M, Green Etxabe A, Bossa N, Serra A, Liampa I, Harper S, Tämm K, Jensen ACØ, Kohonen P, Slater L, Tsoumanis A, Greco D, Winkler DA, Sarimveis H, Melagraki G. Can an InChI for Nano Address the Need for a Simplified Representation of Complex Nanomaterials across Experimental and Nanoinformatics Studies? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2493. [PMID: 33322568 PMCID: PMC7764592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoinformatics has developed efficient ways of representing chemical structures for small molecules as simple text strings, simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI), which are machine-readable. In particular, InChIs have been extended to encode formalized representations of mixtures and reactions, and work is ongoing to represent polymers and other macromolecules in this way. The next frontier is encoding the multi-component structures of nanomaterials (NMs) in a machine-readable format to enable linking of datasets for nanoinformatics and regulatory applications. A workshop organized by the H2020 research infrastructure NanoCommons and the nanoinformatics project NanoSolveIT analyzed issues involved in developing an InChI for NMs (NInChI). The layers needed to capture NM structures include but are not limited to: core composition (possibly multi-layered); surface topography; surface coatings or functionalization; doping with other chemicals; and representation of impurities. NM distributions (size, shape, composition, surface properties, etc.), types of chemical linkages connecting surface functionalization and coating molecules to the core, and various crystallographic forms exhibited by NMs also need to be considered. Six case studies were conducted to elucidate requirements for unambiguous description of NMs. The suggested NInChI layers are intended to stimulate further analysis that will lead to the first version of a "nano" extension to the InChI standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Thomas Exner
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Himly
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Philip Doganis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Maier
- Biomax Informatics AG, Robert-Koch-Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
| | - Natasha Sanabria
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Rybinska-Fryca
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics—BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Blair D. Johnston
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Marianne Matzke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Nathan Bossa
- LEITAT Technological Center, Circular Economy Business Unit, C/de La Innovació 2, 08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Irene Liampa
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Stacey Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall 105 SW 26th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Alexander CØ Jensen
- The National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Misvik Biology OY, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Luke Slater
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andreas Tsoumanis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - David A. Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora 3086, Australia;
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- CSIRO Data61, Pullenvale 4069, Australia
| | - Haralambos Sarimveis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
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75
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Varenne F, Devoille L, Makky A, Feltin N, Violleau F, Barratt G, Vauthier C. Evaluation of the size distribution of a multimodal dispersion of polymer nanoparticles by microscopy after different methods of deposition. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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76
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Lin Y, Anderson JD, Rahnama LMA, Gu SV, Knowlton AA. Exosomes in disease and regeneration: biological functions, diagnostics, and beneficial effects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1162-H1180. [PMID: 32986962 PMCID: PMC7792703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles. They range from 30 to 150 nm in diameter and originate from intraluminal vesicles. Exosomes were first identified as the mechanism for releasing unnecessary molecules from reticulocytes as they matured to red blood cells. Since then, exosomes have been shown to be secreted by a broad spectrum of cells and play an important role in the cardiovascular system. Different stimuli are associated with increased exosome release and result in different exosome content. The release of harmful DNA and other molecules via exosomes has been proposed as a mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. Because exosomes contain parent cell-specific proteins on the membrane and in the cargo that is delivered to recipient cells, exosomes are potential diagnostic biomarkers of various types of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. As exosomes are readily taken up by other cells, stem cell-derived exosomes have been recognized as a potential cell-free regenerative therapy to repair not only the injured heart but other tissues as well. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the biological functions of exosomes in heart disease and tissue regeneration. Therefore, state-of-the-art methods for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as approaches to assess exosome functional properties, are reviewed. Investigation of exosomes provides a new approach to the study of disease and biological processes. Exosomes provide a potential "liquid biopsy," as they are present in most, if not all, biological fluids that are released by a wide range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Lily M A Rahnama
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Shenwen V Gu
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Particle Detection and Characterization for Biopharmaceutical Applications: Current Principles of Established and Alternative Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111112. [PMID: 33228023 PMCID: PMC7699340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and characterization of particles in the visible and subvisible size range is critical in many fields of industrial research. Commercial particle analysis systems have proliferated over the last decade. Despite that growth, most systems continue to be based on well-established principles, and only a handful of new approaches have emerged. Identifying the right particle-analysis approach remains a challenge in research and development. The choice depends on each individual application, the sample, and the information the operator needs to obtain. In biopharmaceutical applications, particle analysis decisions must take product safety, product quality, and regulatory requirements into account. Biopharmaceutical process samples and formulations are dynamic, polydisperse, and very susceptible to chemical and physical degradation: improperly handled product can degrade, becoming inactive or in specific cases immunogenic. This article reviews current methods for detecting, analyzing, and characterizing particles in the biopharmaceutical context. The first part of our article represents an overview about current particle detection and characterization principles, which are in part the base of the emerging techniques. It is very important to understand the measuring principle, in order to be adequately able to judge the outcome of the used assay. Typical principles used in all application fields, including particle–light interactions, the Coulter principle, suspended microchannel resonators, sedimentation processes, and further separation principles, are summarized to illustrate their potentials and limitations considering the investigated samples. In the second part, we describe potential technical approaches for biopharmaceutical particle analysis as some promising techniques, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), micro flow imaging (MFI), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), flow cytometry, and the space- and time-resolved extinction profile (STEP®) technology.
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78
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Floris I, Rose T, Rojas JAC, Appel K, Roesch C, Lejeune B. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines at Ultra-Low Dose Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effect In Vitro: A Possible Mode of Action Involving Sub-Micron Particles? Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820961723. [PMID: 33633511 PMCID: PMC7829609 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820961723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are pro-inflammatory
cytokines involved in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Indeed,
immunotherapy blocking these 2 cytokines has been developed. Micro-immunotherapy
(MI) also uses ultra-low doses (ULD) of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impregnated
on lactose-sucrose pillules, to counteract their overexpression. The study has
been conducted with 2 objectives: examine the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro
and the capacity of 2 unitary medicines, TNF-α (27 CH) and IL-1β (27 CH), to
reduce the secretion of TNF-α in human primary monocytes and THP-1 cells
differentiated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, after lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) exposure; then, investigate the presence of particles possibly containing
starting materials using tunable resistive pulse sensing technique. The results
show that the unitary medicines, tested at 3 pillules concentrations (5.5, 11
and 22 mM), have reduced the secretion of TNF-α in both models by about 10−20%
vs. vehicle control, depending on concentration. In this exploratory study,
particles (150−1000 nm) have been detected in MI ULD-impregnated pillules and a
hypothesis for MI medicines mode of action has been proposed. Conscious that
more evaluations are necessary, authors are cautious in the conclusions because
the findings described in the study are still limited, and future investigations
may lead to different hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research, Clinical Research, Regulatory Affairs Departments, Labo'Life France, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Kurt Appel
- VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Denzlingen, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Lejeune
- Preclinical Research, Clinical Research, Regulatory Affairs Departments, Labo'Life France, Nantes, France
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79
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Charlie-Silva I, Feitosa NM, Gomes JMM, Hoyos DCDM, Mattioli CC, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Belo MADA, Silva JDO, de Barros ALB, Corrêa Junior JD, de Menezes GB, Fukushima HCS, Castro TFD, Borra RC, Pierezan F, de Melo NFS, Fraceto LF. Potential of mucoadhesive nanocapsules in drug release and toxicology in zebrafish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238823. [PMID: 32970684 PMCID: PMC7514080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymeric nanocapsules have attracted interest of researchers from different fields from natural sciences because of their ability to interact with the mucosa and increase drug permeation. Anesthesia by immersion causes absorption through the skin and gills of fish, so it is important to evaluate the exposure of these organs to drug nanosystems. Benzocaine (BENZ) is one of the most popular anesthetic agents used in fish anesthesia, but it has drawbacks because of its low bioavailability, resulting in weak absorption after immersion. Here we describe method developed for preparing and characterizing chitosan-coated PLGA mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing BENZ (NPMAs) for zebrafish immersion anesthesia. We determined the lowest effective concentration, characterized the interaction of the mucoadhesive system with fish, measured the anesthetic efficacy, and evaluated possible toxic effects in embryos and adults exposed to the nanoformulations. This study opens perspectives for using nanoformulations prepared with BENZ in aquaculture, allowing reduction of dosage as well as promoting more effective anesthesia and improved interaction with the mucoadhesive system of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology at University of São Paulo-ICB/USP, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais (LIBT), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)- Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences—PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brasil University, Descalvado/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy-UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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80
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Fluksman A, Steinberg E, Orehov N, Shai E, Lahiani A, Katzhendler J, Marcinkiewicz C, Lazarovici P, Benny O. Integrin α 2β 1-Targeted Self-Assembled Nanocarriers for Tumor Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6059-6070. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Fluksman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Eliana Steinberg
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Natalie Orehov
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah−Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Adi Lahiani
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Jehoshua Katzhendler
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Biology, Temple University College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
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81
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Eitel K, Bryant G, Schöpe HJ. A Hitchhiker's Guide to Particle Sizing Techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10307-10320. [PMID: 32787012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of particle size and particle size distributions is mandatory in nanotechnology and a broad range of colloidal sciences. The size of colloidal particles can be determined using various techniques in direct and reciprocal space, including electron microscopy and static and dynamic light scattering. Differential dynamic microscopy was introduced recently and offers a new alternative. In this paper we present a systematic study of particle size determination using various techniques. We compare the results and highlight advantages and disadvantages. Unexpectedly we find that differential dynamic microscopy offers the unique possibility to determine the particle size in highly turbid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eitel
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hans Joachim Schöpe
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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82
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Intracellular biosynthesis of PbS quantum dots using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853: evaluation of antibacterial effects and DNA cleavage activities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:147. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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83
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Eleamen Oliveira E, Barendji M, Vauthier C. Understanding Nanomedicine Size and Biological Response Dependency: What Is the Relevance of Previous Relationships Established on Only Batch-Mode DLS-Measured Sizes? Pharm Res 2020; 37:161. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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84
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Al-Khafaji MA, Gaál A, Wacha A, Bóta A, Varga Z. Particle Size Distribution of Bimodal Silica Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3101. [PMID: 32664525 PMCID: PMC7412153 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) belong to the most widely produced nanomaterials nowadays. Particle size distribution (PSD) is a key property of SNPs that needs to be accurately determined for a successful application. Many single particle and ensemble characterization methods are available for the determination of the PSD of SNPs, each having different advantages and limitations. Since most preparation protocols for SNPs can yield bimodal or heterogeneous PSDs, the capability of a given method to resolve bimodal PSD is of great importance. In this work, four different methods, namely transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize three different, inherently bimodal SNP samples. We found that DLS is unsuitable to resolve bimodal PSDs, while MRPS has proven to be an accurate single-particle size and concentration characterization method, although it is limited to sizes above 50 nm. SAXS was found to be the only method which provided statistically significant description of the bimodal PSDs. However, the analysis of SAXS curves becomes an ill-posed inverse mathematical problem for broad size distributions, therefore the use of orthogonal techniques is required for the reliable description of the PSD of SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.A.A.-K.); (A.G.); (A.W.); (A.B.)
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85
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O’Dwyer J, Cullen M, Fattah S, Murphy R, Stefanovic S, Kovarova L, Pravda M, Velebny V, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA. Development of a Sustained Release Nano-In-Gel Delivery System for the Chemotactic and Angiogenic Growth Factor Stromal-Derived Factor 1α. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E513. [PMID: 32512712 PMCID: PMC7355599 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal-Derived Factor 1α (SDF) is an angiogenic, chemotactic protein with significant potential for applications in a range of clinical areas, including wound healing, myocardial infarction and orthopaedic regenerative approaches. The 26-min in vivo half-life of SDF, however, has limited its clinical translation to date. In this study, we investigate the use of star-shaped or linear poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) polypeptides to produce PGA-SDF nanoparticles, which can be incorporated into a tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel (HA-TA) to facilitate sustained localised delivery of SDF. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the PGA-SDF nanoparticle formulations were extensively characterised prior to incorporation into a HA-TA hydrogel. The biological activity of the SDF released from the nano-in-gel system was determined on Matrigel®, scratch and Transwell® migration assays. Both star-shaped and linear PGA facilitated SDF nanoparticle formation with particle sizes from 255-305 nm and almost complete SDF complexation. Star-PGA-SDF demonstrated superior biocompatibility and was incorporated into a HA-TA gel, which facilitated sustained SDF release for up to 35 days in vitro. Released SDF significantly improved gap closure on a scratch assay, produced a 2.8-fold increase in HUVEC Transwell® migration and a 1.5-fold increase in total tubule length on a Matrigel® assay at 12 h compared to untreated cells. Overall, we present a novel platform system for the sustained delivery of bioactive SDF from a nano-in-gel system which could be adapted for a range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne O’Dwyer
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Megan Cullen
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarinj Fattah
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Galway and Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Smiljana Stefanovic
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Lenka Kovarova
- R & D Department, Contipro, Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pravda
- R & D Department, Contipro, Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- R & D Department, Contipro, Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Andreas Heise
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Galway and Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland;
- The SFI Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) & Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland;
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Galway and Dublin, Ireland;
- The SFI Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) & Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Sally Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland;
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Galway and Dublin, Ireland;
- The SFI Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) & Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
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86
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Zmerli I, Michel JP, Makky A. Bioinspired polydopamine nanoparticles: synthesis, nanomechanical properties, and efficient PEGylation strategy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4489-4504. [PMID: 32365146 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) is a bioinspired fascinating polymer which is considered nowadays as a material of choice for designing drug delivery nanosystems. Indeed, PDA exhibits multiple interesting features including simple preparation protocols, biocompatibility, simple functionalization procedures, free radicals scavenging and photothermal/photoacoustic properties. However, because of its heterogeneous structure, clear procedures about PDA nanoparticles synthesis and PEGylation with well-defined and reproducible physicochemical properties such as size, shape and nanomechanics are still needed. In this work, we established tightly controlled experimental conditions to synthesize PDA nanoparticles with well-defined size and yield. This allowed us to identify the factors that affect the most these two parameters and to construct surface response plots with accurate predictive values of size and yield. The nanomechanical properties of PDA NPs exhibiting different sizes have been studied with AFM nanoindentation experiments. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the elasticity of PDA NPs was decreasing with their size. This could be explained by the higher geometric packing order of the stacked oligomeric fractions inside the core of the biggest PDA NPs. Next, in order to determine the best PEGylation experimental conditions of PDA NPs using thiol-terminated PEG that allow grafting the highest polymer density with proteins repelling properties, we have first optimized the PEGylation strategy on PDA films. By using a combination of QCM-D and AFM experiments, we could demonstrate that efficient PEGylation of PDA films could be done even at low PEG concentration but in the presence of NaCl which exerts a salting out effect on PEG chains improving thus the grafting density. Finally, we transposed these experimental conditions to PDA NPs and we could synthesize PEGylated PDA NPs exhibiting high stability in physiological conditions as revealed by FTIR and DLS experiments respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Zmerli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Michel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Ali Makky
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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87
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Rozo AJ, Cox MH, Devitt A, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles. Methods 2020; 180:45-55. [PMID: 32387313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles include liposomes, extracellular vesicle and lipid-based discoidal systems. When studying such particles, there are several key parameters of interest, including particle size and concentration. Measuring these characteristics can be of particular importance in the research laboratory or when producing such particles as biotherapeutics. This article briefly describes the major types of lipid-containing nanoparticles and the techniques that can be used to study them. Such methodologies include electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing. Whilst no technique is perfect for the analysis of all nanoparticles, this article provides advantages and disadvantages of each, highlighting the latest developments in the field. Finally, we demonstrate the use of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for the analysis of biological nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg J Rozo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Megan H Cox
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Meritics Ltd, Unit 3, Clipstone Brook Industrial Estate, Cherrycourt Way, Leighton Buzzard LU7 4GP, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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88
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Ploetz E, Zimpel A, Cauda V, Bauer D, Lamb DC, Haisch C, Zahler S, Vollmar AM, Wuttke S, Engelke H. Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles Induce Pyroptosis in Cells Controlled by the Extracellular pH. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907267. [PMID: 32182391 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is essential for cellular survival, and elevated concentrations of specific ions are used to start distinct forms of programmed cell death. However, investigating the influence of certain ions on cells in a controlled way has been hampered due to the tight regulation of ion import by cells. Here, it is shown that lipid-coated iron-based metal-organic framework nanoparticles are able to deliver and release high amounts of iron ions into cells. While high concentrations of iron often trigger ferroptosis, here, the released iron induces pyroptosis, a form of cell death involving the immune system. The iron release occurs only in slightly acidic extracellular environments restricting cell death to cells in acidic microenvironments and allowing for external control. The release mechanism is based on endocytosis facilitated by the lipid-coating followed by degradation of the nanoparticle in the lysosome via cysteine-mediated reduction, which is enhanced in slightly acidic extracellular environment. Thus, a new functionality of hybrid nanoparticles is demonstrated, which uses their nanoarchitecture to facilitate controlled ion delivery into cells. Based on the selectivity for acidic microenvironments, the described nanoparticles may also be used for immunotherapy: the nanoparticles may directly affect the primary tumor and the induced pyroptosis activates the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ploetz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - David Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, TU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Hanna Engelke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
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89
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Chen W, Lv M, Cheng J, Sun Z. In vitro and in vivo studies of micro-depots using tailored microemulsion for sustained local anaesthesia. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:874-881. [PMID: 32274946 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1754425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, lidocaine is used as local anesthetic for the management of post-operative pain. The commercial formulation including gels, injections and ointments showed short duration of action (1 to 2 h). In this paper, the efforts have being made to develop tailored lidocaine-microemulsion (o/w), which on penetration in the skin layer cause micro-depots formation due to destabilization of the microemulsion system. To identify the microemulsion region, pseudo ternary diagrams were constructed using Capmul MCM as oil, Pluronic F68 as tri-block surfactant, polyethylene glycol 200 as co-surfactant at 1:4 and 1:6 ratios (S:Co-S). The selected 5%w/v lidocaine loaded microemulsion [Ld-ME-2(1:4)] was stable in thermodynamic test and during shelf life period (3 months). In ex vivo permeability study, the lidocaine release from Ld-ME-2(1:4) microemulsion was sustained in comparison to the marketed lidocaine ointment. The skin irritation study confirmed the safety of lidocaine loaded microemulsion. Tail flick test showed improved and sustain local anaesthetic effect in comparison to the market ointment. The improved efficacy of microemulsion system, was due to high penetration in the skin layer due to local precipitation of lidocaine from microemulsion. The findings suggest that the tailored microemulsion could be a potential strategy to prolong the local anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center (Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Junmei Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Central Laboratory of Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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90
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Zhu Y, An Y, Li R, Zhang F, Wang Q, He P. Double imprinting-based electrochemical detection of mimetic exosomes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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91
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Förster R, Weidlich S, Nissen M, Wieduwilt T, Kobelke J, Goldfain AM, Chiang TK, Garmann RF, Manoharan VN, Lahini Y, Schmidt MA. Tracking and Analyzing the Brownian Motion of Nano-objects Inside Hollow Core Fibers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:879-886. [PMID: 32103665 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tracking and analyzing the individual diffusion of nanoscale objects such as proteins and viruses is an important methodology in life science. Here, we show a sensor that combines the efficiency of light line illumination with the advantages of fluidic confinement. Tracking of freely diffusing nano-objects inside water-filled hollow core fibers with core diameters of tens of micrometers using elastically scattered light from the core mode allows retrieving information about the Brownian motion and the size of each particle of the investigated ensemble individually using standard tracking algorithms and the mean squared displacement analysis. Specifically, we successfully measure the diameter of every gold nanosphere in an ensemble that consists of several hundreds of 40 nm particles, with an individual precision below 17% (±8 nm). In addition, we confirm the relevance of our approach with respect to bioanalytics by analyzing 70 nm λ-phages. Overall these features, together with the strongly reduced demand for memory space, principally allows us to record thousands of frames and to achieve high frame rates for high precision tracking of nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Förster
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Weidlich
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Nissen
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Wieduwilt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Kobelke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Aaron M. Goldfain
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Timothy K. Chiang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Rees F. Garmann
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Vinothan N. Manoharan
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yoav Lahini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Markus A. Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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92
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Eh Suk VR, Mohd Latif F, Teo YY, Misran M. Development of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) assisted with polysorbate nonionic surfactants as a carrier for l-ascorbic acid and Gold Tri.E 30. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:3259-3266. [PMID: 32728274 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanocarrier displays the advantages over conventional drug carriers as they are formulated with biodegradable and non-irritant lipids. However, the main drawbacks are the agglomeration of lipid particles, instability over storage, low drug loading, and the burst release of active ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of various polysorbate nonionic surfactants namely Tween 20, 40, 60, or 80 on the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). NLC incorporated with polysorbate nonionic surfactant was prepared by using high-pressure homogenization technique. The average size was reduced to 139.9 ± 15.8 nm in the presence of Tween 80 and remained stable in nano-size even incubated for 28 days. Encapsulation of l-ascorbic acid or Gold Tri.E 30 showed a high encapsulation efficiency of more than 75%, where the highest was Gold Tri.E in the presence of Tween 60 at 99.7%. In vitro release study showed that the release of both l-ascorbic acid and Gold Tri.E was significantly reduced in NLC with Tween as compared to bare active ingredients and NLC without Tween. In conclusion, the incorporation of Tween successfully produced a lipid nanocarrier that has the potential to be developed as a carrier of various active ingredients such as nutrients, extracts, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicit Rizal Eh Suk
- Colloid Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farhanim Mohd Latif
- Colloid Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Colloid Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Colloid Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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93
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Kim S, Park S, Jo H, Song S, Ham S, Yoon C. Behavioral characteristics of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) particles in aqueous solution and air when sprayed into an ultrasonic humidifier. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109078. [PMID: 31884194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) is widely used as a disinfectant to prevent microbial contamination in ultrasonic humidifiers in Korea; however, sales have been prohibited by the government after an outbreak of severe lung injury among humidifier disinfectant users. This study was therefore conducted to determine the characteristics of PHMG particles in aqueous solution and to investigate the behavior of airborne particles generated when using PHMG as a humidifier disinfectant. Three types of PHMG were selected (manufactured in Korea, USA, and China), with dynamic light scattering (DLS) used to determine their behavioral characteristics in aqueous solution. To determine the airborne behavioral characteristics, PHMG was diluted to obtain high (62.5-65 ppm) and low (6.25-6.5 ppm) concentrations, and then real-time monitoring instruments were used to measure the effect of using a diffusion dryer and thermodenuder to control moisture in a cleanroom. A polycarbonate filter sample was analyzed by field emission-scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (FE-SEM-EDS) to determine the particle morphology. The DLS intensity results for the three products showed a slightly right-shifted (~100 nm) bimodal distribution relative to the airborne particle size distribution. The size of the airborne PHMG particles increased during the spraying due to aggregation, with the particle size of aggregated particles confirmed by FE-SEM to be approximately 20 nm or more. As the PHMG concentration increased by 10 times, the airborne concentrations measured by the real-time monitoring instrument increased by 2-3 times for nanoparticles, and by 45-85 times for 1-10 μm particles during humidifier operation; however, 99% of the particles generated could be classified as PM1. Without ventilation, even after operating the humidifier, the PHMG particles could be airborne for about 2 h until the background concentration was reached. Therefore, we found that the airborne behavior was affected by PHMG concentration. Products from different manufacturers had no effect on the airborne behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunju Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonkyeong Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwhan Song
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghon Ham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungsik Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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94
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Esmaili M, Dezhampanah H, Hadavi M. Surface modification of super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via milk casein for potential use in biomedical areas. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:977-987. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1722751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Esmaili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Dezhampanah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahvash Hadavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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95
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Li C, Lee AL, Chen X, Pomerantz WCK, Haynes CL, Hogan CJ. Multidimensional Nanoparticle Characterization through Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2503-2510. [PMID: 31913020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional techniques that combine fully or partially orthogonal characterization methods in a single setup often provide a more comprehensive description of analytes. When applied to nanoparticles, they have the potential to reveal particle properties not accessible to more conventional 1D techniques. Herein, we apply recently developed 2D characterization techniques to nanoparticles using atmospheric-pressure ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), and we demonstrate the analytical capability of this approach using ultraporous mesostructured silica nanoparticles (UMNs). We show that IM-MS yields a 2D particle size-mass distribution function, which in turn can be used to calculate not only important 1D distributions, i.e. particle size distributions, but also nanoparticle structural property distributions not accessible by other methods, including size-dependent particle porosity and the specific pore volume distribution function. IM-MS measurement accuracy was confirmed by measurement of NIST-certified polystyrene latex particle standards. For UMNs, comparison of IM-MS results with TEM and N2 physisorption yields quantitative agreement in particle size and qualitative agreement in average specific pore volume. IM-MS uniquely shows how within a single UMN population, porosity increases with increasing particle size, consistent with the proposed UMN growth mechanism. In total, we demonstrate the potential of IM-MS as a standard approach for the characterization of structurally complex nanoparticle populations, as it yields size-specific structural distribution functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Amani L Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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96
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de Melo MT, Piva HL, Tedesco AC. Design of new protein drug delivery system (PDDS) with photoactive compounds as a potential application in the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110638. [PMID: 32204072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable. This unfavorable prognosis for GBM is at least partly due to the lack of a successful drug delivery system across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The delivery of drugs through nanomedicines combined with less invasive alternative therapies represents an important hope for the future of these incurable brain tumors. Whey protein nanocarriers represent promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells by enhancing the drug's bioavailability and distribution, and reducing the body's response towards drug resistance. They have been extensively studied to find new alternatives for capacity to encapsulate different drugs and no need for cross-linkers. In this study, we report for the first time the incorporation and administration of Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc)-loaded whey protein drug delivery system (AlClPc-PDDS) for the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. This system was designed and optimized (with the use of the spray drying technique) to obtain the required particle size (in the range of 100 to 300 nm), zeta potential and drug loading. Our results suggest that we have developed a drug delivery system from a low-cost raw material and preparation method that is capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs which, in combination with irradiation, cause photodamage to neoplasic cells, working as an effective adjuvant treatment for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Trafani de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Luis Piva
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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97
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Hu Y, Crist RM, Clogston JD. The utility of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for preclinical characterization of nanomedicines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:425-438. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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98
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O’Dwyer J, Murphy R, Dolan EB, Kovarova L, Pravda M, Velebny V, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA. Development of a nanomedicine-loaded hydrogel for sustained delivery of an angiogenic growth factor to the ischaemic myocardium. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 10:440-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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99
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Taskar PS, Patil A, Lakhani P, Ashour E, Gul W, ElSohly MA, Murphy B, Majumdar S. Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Derivative-Loaded Nanoformulation Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Rabbits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:15. [PMID: 31588378 PMCID: PMC6753841 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, synthesized with the aim of improving the ocular bioavailability of the parent molecule, was investigated in a lipid-based nanoparticle dosage form for ocular delivery. METHODS Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, along with a nanoemulsion of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, were tested for glaucoma management in a normotensive rabbit model by using a multiple-dosing protocol. Marketed formulations of timolol maleate and pilocarpine HCl were also tested for their pharmacodynamic profile, post-single dose administration. RESULTS A peak intraocular pressure (IOP) drop of 30% from baseline was observed in rabbits treated with SLNs loaded with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate at 90 minutes. Treated eyes of rabbits receiving Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate SLNs had significantly lower IOP than untreated eyes until 360 minutes, whereas the group receiving the emulsion formulation showed a drop in IOP until 90 minutes only. In comparison to marketed pilocarpine and timolol maleate ophthalmic solutions, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate SLNs produced a greater effect on IOP in terms of both intensity and duration. In terms of tissue concentrations, significantly higher concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate were observed in iris-ciliary bodies and retina-choroid with SLNs. CONCLUSION Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate formulated in a lipid-based nanoparticulate carrier shows promise in glaucoma pharmacotherapy. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Glaucoma therapies usually focus on decreased aqueous humor production and increased outflow. However, such therapy is not curative, and there lies a need in preclinical research to focus efforts on agents that not only affect the aqueous humor dynamics but also provide neuroprotection. Historically, there have been bench-scale studies looking at retinal ganglion cell death post-axonal injury. However, for a smooth translation of this in vitro activity to the clinic, animal models examining IOP reduction, i.e., connecting the neuroprotective activity to a measurable outcome in glaucoma management (IOP), need to be investigated. This study investigated the IOP reduction efficacy of cannabinoids for glaucoma pharmacotherapy in a normotensive rabbit model, bringing forth a new class of agents with the potential of IOP reduction and improved permeation to the back of the eye, possibly providing neuroprotective benefits in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal S Taskar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Akash Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Prit Lakhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Eman Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, USA
| | | | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Silvestri D, Wacławek S, Gončuková Z, Padil VVT, Grübel K, Černík M. A new method for assessment of the sludge disintegration degree with the use of differential centrifugal sedimentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3086-3093. [PMID: 29768097 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1477839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for assessing the disintegration degree (DD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) with the use of differential centrifugal sedimentation method (DCS) was shown herein. The method was validated for a WAS sample at four levels of disintegration in the range of 14.4-82.6% corresponding to the median particle size range of 8.5-1.6 µm. From the several sludge disintegration methods used (i.e. microwave, alkalization, ultrasounds and peroxydisulfate activated by ultrasounds), the activated peroxydisulfate disintegration resulted in the greatest DD 83% and the smallest median particle size of WAS. Particle size distribution of pretreated sludge, measured by DCS, was in a negative correlation with the DD, determined from soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD; determination coefficient of 0.995). Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that the DCS analysis can approximate the WAS disintegration degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Silvestri
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec , Liberec , Czech Republic
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec , Liberec , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzanna Gončuková
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec , Liberec , Czech Republic
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec , Liberec , Czech Republic
| | - Klaudiusz Grübel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala , Bielsko-Biała , Poland
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec , Liberec , Czech Republic
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