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Zhang K, Lu J, Yao L. Involvement of the dopamine D1 receptor system in the anxiolytic effect of cedrol in the elevated plus maze and light–dark box tests. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 142:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Zhang N, Yao L. Anxiolytic Effect of Essential Oils and Their Constituents: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13790-13808. [PMID: 31148444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are usually used in aromatherapy to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In comparison to traditional drugs, essential oils have fewer side effects and more diversified application ways, including inhalation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies on anxiolytic effects of essential oils in preclinical and clinical trials. Most of the essential oils used in clinical studies have been proven to be anxiolytic in animal models. Inhalation and oral administration were two common methods for essential oil administration in preclinical and clinical trials. Massage was only used in the clinical trials, while intraperitoneal injection was only used in the preclinical trails. In addition to essential oils that are commonly used in aromatherapy, essential oils from many folk medicinal plants have also been reported to be anxiolytic. More than 20 compounds derived from essential oils have shown an anxiolytic effect in rodents, while two-thirds of them are alcohols and terpenes. Monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acid neurotransmitters, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are thought to play important roles in the anxiolytic effects of essential oils.
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Hawiset T. Effect of one time coffee fragrance inhalation on working memory, mood, and salivary cortisol level in healthy young volunteers: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Integr Med Res 2019; 8:273-278. [PMID: 31799117 PMCID: PMC6881620 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory system regulates the brain which controls emotional memory. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Drinking coffee shows beneficial effects for mood, memory, and psychomotor performance. This work aimed to determine the effects of inhaling coffee fragrance on memory, mood, and salivary cortisol level in healthy young volunteers. Methods Eighty young males and females, aged between 18–22 years old, were randomly assigned into two groups: a placebo group inhaling scent from carbon powder and a coffee fragrance group inhaling coffee fragrance. Subjects were assigned to inhale either placebo or coffee fragrance for five minutes. Before and after inhalation period, the clinical assessments were assigned to each subject including computerized assessment battery test for cognitive performance, and self-related visual analogue mood scales for evaluation of mood score. The salivary cortisol level was assessed with cortisol ELISA kit. In addition, the blood pressure and heart rate were also evaluated. Results Inhalation of coffee fragrance enhanced cognitive parameters, including continuity of attention, quality of memory, and speed of memory, and also increased the mood score of alertness. However, there were no significant changes in salivary cortisol level, blood pressure, and heart rate between pre-and post-inhalation. Conclusion One time of coffee fragrance inhalation may enhance working memory and stimulates alertness. However, inhaling coffee fragrance does not reduce stress or modulate autonomic response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaneeya Hawiset
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Kang HJ, Nam ES, Lee Y, Kim M. How Strong is the Evidence for the Anxiolytic Efficacy of Lavender?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2019; 13:295-305. [PMID: 31743795 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although lavender is purported to possess anxiolytic and sedative properties and is often recommended for relieving anxiety, the efficacy of lavender has not been well established. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of lavender aromatherapy. METHODS Ten data bases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2018. Randomized controlled trials investigating the anxiolytic effects of lavender aromatherapy with any type of application for persons with or without clinical anxiety were included. The outcome variables included self-rated anxiety, vital signs, and salivary cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) levels. In the meta-analysis, standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated as effect measures by applying the random effect model and inverse variance method. RESULTS Twenty-two trials met our inclusion criteria. Lavender aromatherapy was found to have favorable effects in relieving anxiety (Hedges' ĝ = -0.65; 95% CI, -0.84 to -0.46) and decreasing systolic blood pressure (ĝ = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.43 to -0.02), heart rate (ĝ = -0.53; 95% CI, -0.74 to -0.32), and salivary cortisol (ĝ = -1.29; 95% CI, -2.23 to -0.35) and CgA (ĝ = -2.29; 95% CI, -3.24 to -1.34) levels. However, the meta-analysis did not reveal any significant effects of lavender on diastolic blood pressure (effect size: -0.17; 95% CI, -0.37-0.04). CONCLUSION Aromatherapy using lavender oil might have favorable effects on anxiety and its physiological manifestations. Future studies are recommended with an emphasis on methodological quality. In nursing practice, it is suggested that lavender aromatherapy be included in programs intended to manage anxiety in patients across diverse healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kang
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongmi Lee
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsuk Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Tang SW, Tang WH, Leonard BE. Herbal medicine for psychiatric disorders: Psychopharmacology and neuroscience-based nomenclature. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 28649903 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1346279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Herbs are frequently and concurrently used with prescribed drugs by patients worldwide. While clinical trials have found some herbs to be as useful as standard psychiatric drugs, most clinicians are unaware of their pharmacological mechanisms.Methods: We searched English language and other language literature with English abstracts listed in PubMed website, supplemented by additional through Google Scholar's free academic paper abstract website for publications on herbs, focussing on their clinical use in mental disorders, their neurobiology and their pharmacology.Results: A major reason for herbs remaining outside of mainstream psychiatry is that the terminology and concepts in herbal medicine are not familiar to psychiatrists in general. Many publications regarding the use of herbal medicine for psychiatric disorders are deficient in details regarding diagnosis, criteria for response and the neurobiology details compared with publications on standard psychotropic drugs. Nomenclature for herbal medicine is usually confusing and is not conducive to an easy understanding of their mode of action in psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: The recent neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN) for psychotropics methodology would be a logical application to herbal medicine in facilitating a better understanding of the use of herbal medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu W Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wayne H Tang
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian E Leonard
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Influence of lavender oil inhalation on vital signs and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112676. [PMID: 31505191 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia Mill) inhalation on anxiety, mood, and vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and saturation) of patients undergoing oral surgery. Vital signs were considered as primary outcome measures. Paired anxiety tests were used as secondary outcome measures. METHODS Patients who had dental anxiety according to the Dental Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ) were enrolled in the study. One hundred twenty-six patients who were undergoing wisdom tooth removal under local anaesthesia were randomly assigned to the lavender oil and control groups. Paired anxiety tests (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Scale were performed. Vital signs were noted pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) results were assessed. The patients' degree of satisfaction was noted. RESULTS Pre-operative anxiety levels were similar in both groups. Significant changes in blood pressure were observed in the lavender oil group post-operatively (p < .05). Most (79.4%) of the patients in the lavender oil group enjoyed the scent, 89.68% were satisfied with their experience, and 97.62% of the patients stated that they would prefer the same protocol when needed. CONCLUSION Inhalation of lavender oil, which is one of the most powerful anxiolytic essential oils, reduces peri-operative anxiety and can be prospectively considered in future studies for its potential sedative characteristics in patients undergoing surgical procedures under local anaesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03722771 (Influence of Lavender Oil on Vital Signs in Oral Surgery Patients) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03722771.
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Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Bergamot Essential Oil Are Insensitive to Flumazenil in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2156873. [PMID: 31485242 PMCID: PMC6710760 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2156873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders, and benzodiazepines (BDZs), acting on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptor complex, represent the most common antianxiety medications in the world. However, chronic BDZ use elicits several adverse reactions. Reportedly, aromatherapy is safer for the management of anxiety. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) extracted from Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau fruit, like other essential oils, is widely used in aromatherapy to relieve symptoms of stress-induced anxiety. Interestingly, preclinical data indicate that BEO induces anxiolytic-like/relaxant effects in animal behavioural tasks not superimposable to those of benzodiazepine diazepam. To better elucidate the involvement of GABAergic transmission, the present study examines the effects of pretreatment with flumazenil (FLZ), a benzodiazepine site antagonist, on BEO effects using open-field task (OFT) in rats. The data yielded show that FLZ does not significantly affect behavioural effects of the phytocomplex. These results demonstrate the lack of overlapping between BEO and BDZ behavioural effects, contributing to the characterization of the neurobiological profile of the essential oil for its rational use in aromatherapy.
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Ayuob NN, Abdel-Tawab HS, El-Mansy AA, Ali SS. The protective role of musk on salivary glands of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:95-102. [PMID: 30918218 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of mouse salivary glands and the role of musk in alleviating this impact. Forty male albino mice were distributed equally into four groups; control (untreated), CUMS (exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks), CUMS+fluoxetine (FLU) (exposed to CUMS then treated with FLU, CUMS+musk (exposed to CUMS then treated with musk). Behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels were assessed at the end of the experiment. The submandibular and parotid glands were dissected out and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination using antibodies against alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Exposure to CUMS significantly (P < 0.001) increased the serum corticosterone level and induced depression. CUMS also induced vacuolation in acinar cells along with a significant (P < 0.001) reduction of ASMA immunoexpression, indicating an effect on myoepithelial cells, and a significant (P < 0.001) increase of BDNF expression in the gland ductal system. Both FLU and musk alleviated the CUMS-induced behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes in the salivary glands. In conclusion, musk ameliorates stress-induced structural changes in mouse salivary glands. This effect might be mediated through up-regulation of BDNF secretion by the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasra N Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
| | | | - Ahmed A El-Mansy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Horus University
| | - Soad S Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications, King Abdulaziz University
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Ballanger B, Bath KG, Mandairon N. Odorants: a tool to provide nonpharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety during normal and pathological aging. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:18-29. [PMID: 31377537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders represent 1 of the most common classes of psychiatric disorders. In the aging population and for patients with age-related pathology, the percentage of people suffering of anxiety is significantly elevated. Furthermore, anxiety carries with it an increased risk for a variety of age-related medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, cognitive decline, and increased severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. A variety of anxiolytic compounds are available but often carry with them disturbing side effects that impact quality of life. Among nonmedicinal approaches to reducing anxiety, odor diffusion and aromatherapy are the most popular. In this review, we highlight the emerging perspective that the use of odorants may reduce anxiety symptoms or at least potentiate the effect of other anxiolytic approaches and may serve as an alternative form of therapy to deal with anxiety symptoms. Such approaches may be particularly beneficial in aging populations with elevated risk for these disorders. We also discuss potential neural mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effects of odorants based on work in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Ballanger
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, United States
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France.
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Baldwin AL, Chea I. Effect of Aromatherapy on Equine Heart Rate Variability. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 68:46-50. [PMID: 31256887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether aromatherapy increases the parasympathetic component (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) of heart rate variability (HRV) in horses. Horses are highly sensitive, easily stressed, have an acute sense of smell, and have been shown to benefit from aromatherapy. The protocol, performed on eight dressage horses, followed a crossover design with an experimental treatment of humidified essential oil (lavender, Lavandula angustifolia) and a control treatment of humidified air. Heart rate variability was recorded for 7 minutes before, during, and immediately after treatment, and 30 minutes after treatment. The protocol was repeated with chamomile, (Matricaria recutita). Lavender transiently increased RMSSD from 86.5 ± 14.2 ms (standard error of the mean [SEM]) to 104.3 ± 14.3 ms (P = .020) and reduced percentage of very low frequency HRV oscillations from 81.2% ± 3.9 (SEM) to 72.1% ± 7.9 (P = .039) immediately after treatment. Chamomile had variable effects, none of which reached significance. These results indicate that lavender is effective as a calming agent for horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Linda Baldwin
- Department of Physiology, University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Laboratory for the Advances in Consciousness and Health, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
| | - Isabelle Chea
- Department of Physiology, University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Souza CDF, Baldissera MD, Baldisserotto B, Heinzmann BM, Martos-Sitcha JA, Mancera JM. Essential Oils as Stress-Reducing Agents for Fish Aquaculture: A Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31281264 PMCID: PMC6596282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish, stressful events initiate a hormone cascade along the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamus-sympathetic-chromaffin (HSC) axis to evoke several physiological reactions in order to orchestrate and maintain homeostasis. Several biotic and abiotic factors, as well as aquaculture procedures (handling, transport, or stocking density), activated stress system inducing negative effects on different physiological processes in fish (growth, reproduction, and immunity). In order to reduce these consequences, the use of essential oils (EOs) derived from plants has been the focus of aquaculture studies due to their diverse properties (e.g., anesthetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial), which have been shown to reduce biochemical and endocrine alterations and, consequently, to improve the welfare status. Recently, several studies have shown that biogenic compounds isolated from different EOs present excellent biological activities, as well as the nanoencapsulated form of these EOs may potentiate their effects. Overall, EOs presented less side effects than synthetic compounds, but their stress-reducing efficacy is related to their chemical composition, concentration or chemotype used. In addition, their species-specific actions must be clearly established since they can act as stressors by themselves if their concentrations and chemotypes used are not suitable. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the effect of these natural compound mixtures in different fish species, from marine to freshwater, in order to find the ideal concentration range and the way for their administration to obtain the desired biological activity, without any undesired side effects. In this review, the main findings regarding the use of different EOs as stress reducers will be presented to highlight the most important issues related to their use to improve fish welfare in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine de Freitas Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Garlet QI, Rodrigues P, Barbosa LB, Londero AL, Mello CF, Heinzmann BM. Nectandra grandiflora essential oil and its isolated sesquiterpenoids minimize anxiety-related behaviors in mice through GABAergic mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:64-80. [PMID: 31075342 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nectandra grandiflora Ness (Lauraceae) essential oil (EO) main constituent, the sesquiterpenoid (+)-dehydrofukinone (DHF), has sedative and anticonvulsant effects through GABAergic mechanisms. Other DHF-related sesquiterpenoids have been identified in the EO, such as, dehydrofukinone epoxide (DFX), eremophil-11-en-10-ol (ERM) and selin-11-en-4-α-ol (SEL). However, the neuronal effects of these compounds in mammals remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of the N. grandiflora EO and the isolated compounds in in mice. For this purpose, mice were administered orally with vehicle, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg EO, DHF, DFX, ERM or SEL or 1 mg/kg diazepam. Locomotion and ethological parameters in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were recorded. We also examined the effect of DFX, ERM and SEL on the membrane potential and calcium influx in synaptosomes, and the presence of the compounds in the cortical tissue using gas chromatography. EOs and isolated compounds reduced anxiety-related parameters in the EPM (open arms time and entries, end activity, head dipping) and OF (center time and entries, total rearing, unprotected rearing, sniffing, grooming) without alter ambulation or induce sedation. Flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.) altered the anxiolytic-like effect of all treatments and vanished the DFX, ERM and SEL-induced changes in membrane potential. However, FMZ did not blocked the DFX-, ERM- and SEL-induced inhibition of calcium influx. Therefore, our results suggest that N. grandiflora EO and isolated compounds induced anxiolytic-like effect in mice due to positive modulation of GABAa receptors and/or inhibition of neuronal calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quelen Iane Garlet
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André Luís Londero
- Medicine Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Medicine Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Hocayen PDAS, Wendler E, Vecchia DD, Kanazawa LKS, Issy AC, Del Bel E, Andreatini R. The nitrergic neurotransmission contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of Citrus sinensis essential oil in animal models. Phytother Res 2019; 33:901-909. [PMID: 30714232 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fragrances have been used in aromatherapy for the treatment of anxiety, and the essential oil of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) has shown promising results, although its mechanism of action was not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) neurotransmission in the anxiolytic-like effect of C. sinensis essential oil. Swiss male mice were submitted to 15 min of C. sinensis essential oil inhalation (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and tested in the marble-burying test, neophobia-induced hypophagia, and light/dark test. Locomotor activity was evaluated in an automated locomotor activity box. The coadministration of C. sinensis essential oil with L-arginine (200 mg/kg, i.p.), an NO precursor, was used for the behavioral evaluation of nitrergic system mediation. Additionally, the NO synthase activity was measured by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) analysis in the cerebral cortex. C. sinensis essential oil exerted anxiolytic-like effect at dose that did not change locomotor activity. Moreover, L-arginine pretreatment prevented this anxiolytic-like effect on marble-burying test. Finally, C. sinensis essential oil reduced the NADPH-d positive cells. Thus, the nitrergic neurotransmission plays a relevant role in the anxiolytic-like effect C. sinensis essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palloma de A S Hocayen
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Etiele Wendler
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Débora D Vecchia
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz K S Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Issy
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Jia M, Fu S, Pan J, Chu C, Liu X, Liu X, Liu Z. (+)-Sesamin attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and memory deficits via suppression of neuroinflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 64:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen HS, Gu LJ, Yang YX, Guo JY. GABA and 5-HT Systems Are Involved in the Anxiolytic Effect of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao Decoction. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1043. [PMID: 30723393 PMCID: PMC6349943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gan-Mai-Da-Zao (GMDZ) decoction is one of the most famous Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat emotional diseases in China. Here we examined the anxiolytic-like effects of the GMDZ decoction in mice. The mice were orally administered with GMDZ decoction (1, 2, and 4 g/kg, respectively) for 7 days, diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.) and buspirone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as positive controls. Then, elevated plus maze (EPM) test, light/dark box (LDB) test, and marble burying (MB) test, open field (OF) test and rota-rod test were performed. We found that GMDZ treatment (2 and 4 g/kg) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries and time spent on the open arms in EPM as compared to the control. GMDZ treatment also significantly increased the time spent in the light box and the number of light box entries in LDB and reduced the number of marbles buried in MB. Similarly to those observed with diazepam and buspirone. In contrast, GMDZ did not affect the locomotor activity in the OF and motor coordination in the rota-rod test. Furthermore, the anxiolytic-like effects induced by GMDZ were inhibited by the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist flumazenil and 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist WAY-100635. These results showed that GMDZ possesses anxiolytic-like effects in animal models, and its mechanism of action might be modulated by 5-HT1A and GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jia Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jian-You Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
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Alegría-Herrera E, Herrera-Ruiz M, Román-Ramos R, Zamilpa A, Santillán-Urquiza MA, Aguilar MI, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Effect of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, and Rosmarinic Acid on Cerebral Vascular Damage in a Chronic Hypertension Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:201-211. [PMID: 30713252 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of treatment against hypertension is not only to reduce blood pressure levels, but also to reduce vascular risk in general. In the present work, administering angiotensin II (AGII; 0.2 µg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 12 weeks) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which caused an increase in corticosterone levels, as well as in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)). On observing the behavior in the different models, an anxiogenic effect (elevated plus maze (EPM)) and cognitive impairment (water Morris maze (WMM)) was observed in animals with AGII. By administering organic extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Oba-EtOAc) and Ocimum selloi (Ose-EtOAc), and some doses of rosmarinic acid (RA) (6 weeks per os (p.o.)), the damage caused by AGII was stopped by re-establishing corticosterone serum levels and by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Alegría-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - María Isabel Aguilar
- Laboratorio 111, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Anti-depressive-like effect of 2-phenylethanol inhalation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:1499-1506. [PMID: 30415864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose oil has traditionally been used to treat psychiatric disorders, but the scientific basis of this treatment remains poorly understood. The main odor component of rose oil is 2-phenylethanol (2-PE), but the neuropsychological effects of 2-PE have not been investigated in detail. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of 2-PE on mouse behavior. We first investigated whether 2-PE is attractive or repulsive to mice. After 2-PE inhalation, the mice underwent a series of behavioral experiments, such as the elevated plus maze, open field, Y-maze, tail-suspension, and Porsolt forced-swim tests. Mice did not have a strong interest in 2-PE but were not repelled by it nor were fearful. In the open field test, mice that had inhaled 2-PE spent less time in the center area, while in the tail suspension test, their immobility time decreased. There was no change in cognitive function, activity level, muscle strength, or aggression in these mice. Our results suggest that 2-PE elicits neuropsychological effects that alter the behavior of mice and may also elicit anti-depressive effects. Inhalation of rose oil containing 2-PE may be effective against depression and stress-related diseases.
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Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil and Linalool Counteract Social Aversion Induced by Social Defeat. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102694. [PMID: 30347669 PMCID: PMC6222471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many vegetable extracts, essential oils, and their main constituents are active on the Central Nervous System (CNS). In fact, they have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, or tranquilizers for their activity in treating CNS disorders. In this research, we studied the possible activities of Lavandula angustifolia (LA) essential oil and of its main constituent, linalool, as anti-stress compounds on anxiety and social interaction and their in vitro effects on proteins (pERK and PKA) involved in the transmission of the signal. An acute intraperitoneal injection of linalool (100 mg/kg) and of LA essential oil (200 mg/kg) reduced motor activity without any anxiolytic effect, but significantly increased social interaction. Stressed mice, after being exposed to a social defeat encounter, showed heightened anxiety and social avoidance. Acute administration of LA essential oil blocked stress-induced anxiety, while linalool showed no effects. However, both compounds were capable of reversing social aversion, acting as antidepressant agents. Our results showed that linalool inhibits pERK and PKA expression in the SH-SY5Y cell, but no effect was detected with the LA essential oil. Therefore, the LA essential oil and linalool may be considered as useful alternative tools to the available traditional treatments for social stress-induced mental illnesses.
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Kasper S, Müller WE, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Koch E, Dienel A. Silexan in anxiety disorders: Clinical data and pharmacological background. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:412-420. [PMID: 28511598 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1331046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silexan is a lavender oil preparation available in 80-mg capsules. Here we review clinical trials investigating its anxiolytic efficacy, safety and tolerability in humans, as well as preclinical investigations supporting this therapeutic use. METHODS Besides three selected publications reporting preclinical investigations, seven clinical trials are included, of which five had a treatment duration of 6 or 10 weeks. Primary outcome measure was the HAM-A total score reduction, while single items were assessed with regard to effects on concomitant depressive symptoms and on quality of sleep. RESULTS In patients with subthreshold (subsyndromal) anxiety or generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), an anxiolytic effect of Silexan was evident after 2 weeks. HAM-A total score reductions between baseline and end of treatment were significantly superior to placebo in patients with subthreshold anxiety and comparable with those achieved under lorazepam or paroxetine in patients with GAD. In addition, Silexan had beneficial effects on typical concomitant symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as impaired sleep, somatic complaints, co-morbid depression or decreased quality of life. Except for mild gastrointestinal symptoms, Silexan did not induce any adverse effects and did not cause drug interactions, sedation or withdrawal symptoms at daily doses of 80 or 160 mg. CONCLUSIONS Silexan is a safe and effective treatment in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Kasper
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Walter E Müller
- b Department of Pharmacology Biocenter , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Volz
- c Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine , Hospital for Psychiatry , Werneck , Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- d Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
| | - Egon Koch
- e Research and Development Department, Dr. Willmar-Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Angelika Dienel
- e Research and Development Department, Dr. Willmar-Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG , Karlsruhe , Germany
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Ayuob NN, El Wahab MGA, Ali SS, Abdel-Tawab HS. Ocimum basilicum improve chronic stress-induced neurodegenerative changes in mice hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:795-804. [PMID: 29356981 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases might be associated with exposure to stress and altered living conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ocimum basilicum (OB) essential oils in improving the neurodegenerative-like changes induced in mice after exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Forty male Swiss albino mice divided into four groups (n = 10); the control, CUMS, CUMS + Fluoxetine, CUMS + OB were used. Behavioral tests, serum corticosterone level, hippocampus protein level of the glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and brain-dreived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were determined after exposure to CUMS. Hippocampus was histopathologically examined. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. OB diminished the depression manifestation as well as impaired short term memory observed in the mice after exposure to the CUMS as evidenced by the forced swimming and elevated plus maze test. OB also up-regulated the serum corticosterone level, hippocampal protein level of the glucocorticoid receptor and the brain-derived neurotropic factor and reduced the neurodegenerative and atrophic changes induced in the hippocampus after exposure to CUMS. Essential oils of OB alleviated the memory impairment and hippocampal neurodegenerative changes induced by exposure to the chronic unpredictable stress indicating that it is the time to test its effectiveness on patients suffering from Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasra Naeim Ayuob
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manal Galal Abd El Wahab
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, Nursing College, King Saud Bin Abd El Aziz University, National guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Shaker Ali
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abd El Wahab MG, Ali SS, Ayuob NN. The Role of Musk in Relieving the Neurodegenerative Changes Induced After Exposure to Chronic Stress. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:221-231. [PMID: 29385813 PMCID: PMC10852467 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518755993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect induced by musk on Alzheimer's disease-such as neurodegenerative changes in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty male Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 10); control, CUMS, CUMS + fluoxetine, CUMS + musk. At the end of the experiment, behavior of the mice was assessed. Serum corticosterone level, hippocampal protein level of the glucocorticoid receptors, and brain-derived neurotropic factor were also assessed. Hippocampus was histopathologically examined. RESULTS Musk improved depressive status induced after exposure to CUMS as evidenced by the forced swimming and open field tests and improved the short-term memory as evidenced by the elevated plus maze test. Musk reduced both corticosterone levels and the hippocampal neurodegenerative changes observed after exposure to CUMS. These improvements were comparable to those induced by fluoxetine. CONCLUSION Musk alleviated the memory impairment and neurodegenerative changes induced after exposure to the chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Galal Abd El Wahab
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Sciences department, Nursing College, King Saud Bin Abd El Aziz University, National guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Shaker Ali
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasra Naeim Ayuob
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang ZJ, Heinbockel T. Essential Oils and Their Constituents Targeting the GABAergic System and Sodium Channels as Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E1061. [PMID: 29724056 PMCID: PMC6099651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and the constituents in them exhibit different pharmacological activities, such as antinociceptive, anxiolytic-like, and anticonvulsant effects. They are widely applied as a complementary therapy for people with anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficit symptoms through inhalation, oral administration, and aromatherapy. Recent studies show that essential oils are emerging as a promising source for modulation of the GABAergic system and sodium ion channels. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties of essential oils and compounds from the oils and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Specifically, the review focuses on the essential oils and their constituents targeting the GABAergic system and sodium channels, and their antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. Some constituents target transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to exert analgesic effects. Some components could interact with multiple therapeutic target proteins, for example, inhibit the function of sodium channels and, at the same time, activate GABAA receptors. The review concentrates on perspective compounds that could be better candidates for new drug development in the control of pain and anxiety syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Coelho LS, Correa-Netto NF, Masukawa MY, Lima AC, Maluf S, Linardi A, Santos-Junior JG. Inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhibits consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:34-41. [PMID: 29288824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the current treatment for anxiety is effective, it promotes a number of adverse reactions and medical interactions. Inhaled essential oils have a prominent action on the central nervous system, with minimal systemic effects, primarily because of reduced systemic bioavailability. The effects of drugs on the consolidation of fear conditioning reflects its clinical efficacy in preventing a vicious cycle of anticipatory anxiety leading to fearful cognition and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on the consolidation of aversive memories and its influence on c-Fos expression. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a fear conditioning protocol. Immediately after the training session, the rats were exposed to vaporized water or essential oil (1%, 2.5% and 5% solutions) for 4h. The next day, the rats underwent contextual- or tone-fear tests and 90min after the test they were euthanized and their brains processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. In the contextual-fear test, essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) reduced the freezing response and its respective c-Fos expression in the ventral hippocampus and amygdala. In the tone-fear test, essential oil did not reduce the freezing response during tone presentation. However, rats that inhaled essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) showed decreased freezing in the three minutes after tone presentation, as well as reduced c-Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These results show that the inhalation of L. angustifolia essential oil inhibited the consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning and had an anxiolytic effect in a conditioned animal model of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Segismundo Coelho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Yuriko Masukawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariadiny Caetano Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samia Maluf
- Samia Maluf Aromatherapy Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abouhosseini Tabari M, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Maggi F, Benelli G. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities ofPelargonium roseumessential oil on Swiss albino mice: Possible involvement of serotonergic transmission. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Pisa; Via del Borghetto 80 56124 Pisa Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 Pontedera 56025 Pisa Italy
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Satou T, Hayakawa M, Goto Y, Masuo Y, Koike K. Anxiolytic-like effects of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris
was increased during stress. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Satou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; International University of Health and Welfare; 2600-1 Kitakanamaru Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Mako Hayakawa
- Faculty of Science; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- Faculty of Science; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Masuo
- Faculty of Science; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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Zhang K, Yao L. The anxiolytic effect of Juniperus virginiana L. essential oil and determination of its active constituents. Physiol Behav 2018; 189:50-58. [PMID: 29326032 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Essential oil from Juniperus virginiana L. (eastern red cedarwood essential oil, CWO) has been used to relax mind and enhance comfort for medical purposes. Few reports showed its effect on anxiety behaviors in animal models. The present study investigated the anxiolytic effect of CWO using two anxiety tests in mice, then determined the major active constituents, examined the change of neurotransmitters after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Analysis using GC/MS revealed that the CWO contained (-)-α-cedrene (28.11%), (+)-β-cedrene (7.81%), (-)-thujopsene (17.71%) and (+)-cedrol (24.58%). CWO at 400-800mg/kg increased the percentage of open arm entries and the percentage of the time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM), suggesting that the oil has anxiolytic effect. However, it didn't show anxiolytic effect in the light-dark box (LDB) test. Tests of the cedrene did not show anxiolytic effect in either test, but rather induced anxiety-related behaviors and inhibited the locomotor activity in EPM and LDB. Cedrol produced significant anxiolytic effect in both EPM and LDB tests at 400-1600mg/kg and 800-1600mg/kg, respectively. A more significant increase in locomotor activity was observed in cedrol at 200-1600mg/kg administration than CWO. CWO increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration at 800mg/kg, whereas it didn't affect the dopamine (DA) concentration. Cedrol significantly reduced the DA level at 100-200mg/kg and elevated the 5-HT level at 1200-1600mg/kg. Moreover, it changed the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid/DA at 1200-1600mg/kg. CWO and cedrol, in particular might act in an anxiolytic effect through the 5-HTnergic and DAnergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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78
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Rahmati B, Kiasalari Z, Roghani M, Khalili M, Ansari F. Antidepressant and anxiolytic activity of Lavandula officinalis aerial parts hydroalcoholic extract in scopolamine-treated rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:958-965. [PMID: 28166686 PMCID: PMC6130744 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anxiety and depression are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite some evidence, it is difficult to confirm Lavandula officinalis Chaix ex Vill (Lamiaceae) as an anxiolytic and antidepressant drug. OBJECTIVE The effects of L. officinalis extract were studied in scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety and depression-like behaviour. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male NMRI rats were divided into control, scopolamine alone-treated group received scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.), daily and 30 min prior to performing behavioural testing on test day, for 12 continuous days and extract pretreated groups received aerial parts hydro alcoholic extract (i.p.) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), 30 min before each scopolamine injection. Memory impairment was assessed by Y-maze task, while, elevated plus maze and forced swimming test were used to measure anxiolytic and antidepressive-like activity. RESULTS Spontaneous alternation percentage in Y maze is reduced by scopolamine (36.42 ± 2.60) (p ≤ 0.001), whereas lavender (200 and 400 mg/kg) enhanced it (83.12 ± 5.20 and 95 ± 11.08, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). Also, lavender pretreatment in 200 and 400 mg/kg enhanced time spent on the open arms (15.4 ± 3.37 and 32.1 ± 3.46, respectively) (p ≤ 0.001). On the contrary, while immobility time was enhanced by scopolamine (296 ± 4.70), 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg lavender reduced it (193.88 ± 22.42, 73.3 ± 8.25 and 35.2 ± 4.22, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner (p ≤ 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Lavender extracts improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment and also reduced anxiety and depression-like behaviour in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Rahmati
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ansari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Modulation of T-type Ca2+ channels by Lavender and Rosemary extracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186864. [PMID: 29073181 PMCID: PMC5658086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of unexplored substances for early-stage drug discovery. Of interest, two flowering Mediterranean plants have been used for thousands of years for their beneficial effects on nervous disorders, including anxiety and mood. However, the therapeutic potential of these plants regarding their ability to target ion channels and neuronal excitability remains largely unknown. Towards this goal, we have investigated the ability of Lavender and Rosemary to modulate T-type calcium channels (TTCCs). TTCCs play important roles in neuronal excitability, neuroprotection, sensory processes and sleep. These channels are also involved in epilepsy and pain. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we have characterized how Lavender and Rosemary extracts, as well as their major active compounds Linalool and Rosmarinic acid, modulate the electrophysiological properties of recombinant TTCCs (CaV3.2) expressed in HEK-293T cells. Both the methanolic and essential oil extracts as well as the active compounds of these plants inhibit Cav3.2 current in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, these products also induce a negative shift of the steady-state inactivation of CaV3.2 current with no change in the activation properties. Taken together, our findings reveal that TTCCs are a molecular target of the Lavender and Rosemary compounds, suggesting that inhibition of TTCCs could contribute to the anxiolytic and the neuroprotective effects of these plants.
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80
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Can Ocimum basilicum relieve chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in mice? Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ali SS, Abd El Wahab MG, Ayuob NN, Suliaman M. The antidepressant-like effect of Ocimum basilicum in an animal model of depression. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:390-401. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1323276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SS Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
| | - MG Abd El Wahab
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University
- Faculty of Nurses, National Gard, King Saud University, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - NN Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M Suliaman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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López V, Nielsen B, Solas M, Ramírez MJ, Jäger AK. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Central Nervous System Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 28579958 PMCID: PMC5437114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavender essential oil is traditionally used and approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as herbal medicine to relieve stress and anxiety. Some animal and clinical studies reveal positive results in models of anxiety and depression although very little research has been done on molecular mechanisms. Our work consisted of evaluating the effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on central nervous system well-established targets, such as MAO-A, SERT, GABAAand NMDA receptors as well as in vitro models of neurotoxicity. The results showed that lavender essential oil and its main components exert affinity for the glutamate NMDA-receptor in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.04 μl/mL for lavender oil. In addition, lavender and linalool were also able to bind the serotonin transporter (SERT) whereas they did not show affinity for GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. In three different models of neurotoxicity, lavender did not enhance the neurotoxic insult and improved viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. According to our data, the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects attributed to lavender may be due to an antagonism on the NMDA-receptor and inhibition of SERT. This study suggests that lavender essential oil may exert pharmacological properties via modulating the NMDA receptor, the SERT as well as neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San JorgeZaragoza, Spain.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Anna K Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
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Rombolà L, Tridico L, Scuteri D, Sakurada T, Sakurada S, Mizoguchi H, Avato P, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Morrone LA. Bergamot Essential Oil Attenuates Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040614. [PMID: 28398260 PMCID: PMC6154596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have recently highlighted that bergamot essential oil (BEO) is endowed with remarkable neurobiolological effects. BEO can affect synaptic transmission, modulate electroencephalographic activity and it showed neuroprotective and analgesic properties. The phytocomplex, along with other essential oils, is also widely used in aromatherapy to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety and mild mood disorders. However, only limited preclinical evidences are actually available. This study examined the anxiolytic/sedative-like effects of BEO using an open field task (OFT), an elevated plus-maze task (EPM), and a forced swimming task (FST) in rats. This study further compared behavioural effects of BEO to those of the benzodiazepine diazepam. Analysis of data suggests that BEO induces anxiolytic-like/relaxant effects in animal behavioural tasks not superimposable to those of the DZP. The present observations provide further insight to the pharmacological profile of BEO and support its rational use in aromatherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rombolà
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Laura Tridico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Tsukasa Sakurada
- First Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 815-8511 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Sakurada
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan.
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, IT-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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84
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Zhang N, Zhang L, Feng L, Yao L. The anxiolytic effect of essential oil of Cananga odorata exposure on mice and determination of its major active constituents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1727-1734. [PMID: 27912874 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oil from Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang essential oil, YYO) is usually used in reducing blood pressure, improving cognitive functioning in aromatherapy in human. Few reports showed its effect on anxiety behaviors. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To investigate the anxiolytic effects of YYO exposure on anxiety animal models, determine the major active constituents and investigate the change of neurotransmitters after odor exposure. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ICR mice were subjected to three anxiety models including open field, elevated plus maze and light-dark box tests after acute and chronic YYO exposure. Main constituents of YYO were defined using GC/MS. These compounds were then tested on the male mice separately on three anxiety models. The monoamines neurotransmitters and their metabolites were analyzed after acute odor exposure and elevated plus maze test. RESULTS YYO exposure only showed significant anxiolytic effect on the male mice. It increased the time that mice visited open arms and light box area in elevated plus maze and light-dark box tests after acute and chronic YYO exposures. Three main constituents of YYO, benzyl benzoate, linalool and benzyl alcohol showed anxiolytic effect on the male mice individually. YYO exposure brought changes of neurotransmitters on the male mice more significantly than the female mice. It decreased the dopamine (DA) concentration in the striatum and increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration in the hippocampus of the male mice. The major constituent benzyl benzoate changed neurotransmitters concentration in accordance with the YYO. Moreover, it decreased the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Both acute and chronic YYO exposure showed anxiolytic effect on the male mice. YYO and its major constituent benzyl benzoate might act on the 5-HTnergic and DAnergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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85
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The antidepressant effect of musk in an animal model of depression: a histopathological study. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:271-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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86
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Evaluation of the antidepressant-like effect of musk in an animal model of depression: how it works. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:539-553. [PMID: 27444866 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression has become a common public health problem that is showing increasing prevalence. Slow onset of action, low response rates and drug resistance are potential limitations of the current antidepressant drugs. Alternative therapy using natural substances, specifically aromatherapy, is currently tried to treat depression. This work aimed to assess the efficacy of musk in relieving the behavioral, biochemical and hippocampal histopathological changes induced by exposure to chronic mild stress in mice and explore the possible mechanism behind this antidepressant-like effect. Forty male albino mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, a group exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and two groups exposed to CUMS and then treated with fluoxetine or musk. Behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels were assessed at the end of the experiment. Protein and gene expressions of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus were assessed using ELISA and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Histopathological examination of the hippocampus and immunohistochemical techniques using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ki67, caspase-3, BDNF and GR were performed. Inhalation of musk had an antidepressant-like effect in an animal model of depression. Musk alleviated the behavioral changes and elevated serum corticosterone levels induced by exposure to chronic stress. It reduced the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and stimulated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Musk's action may be related to the upregulation of hippocampal GR and BDNF expressions. Musk is considered a potential antidepressant so it is advisable to assess its efficacy in treating depressed patient.
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87
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Fajemiroye JO, da Silva DM, de Oliveira DR, Costa EA. Treatment of anxiety and depression: medicinal plants in retrospect. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:198-215. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James O. Fajemiroye
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; 74001-970 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Dayane M. da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; 74001-970 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Danillo R. de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; 74001-970 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Elson A. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; 74001-970 Goiânia GO Brazil
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88
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Goes TC, Ursulino FRC, Almeida-Souza TH, Alves PB, Teixeira-Silva F. Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:766-73. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Costa Goes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fábio Reis Carvalho Ursulino
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Almeida-Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Péricles Barreto Alves
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Flavia Teixeira-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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89
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Garlet QI, Pires LC, Silva DT, Spall S, Gressler LT, Bürger ME, Baldisserotto B, Heinzmann BM. Effect of (+)-dehydrofukinone on GABAA receptors and stress response in fish model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 49:e4872. [PMID: 26628396 PMCID: PMC4681417 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Dehydrofukinone (DHF) is a major component of the essential oil of
Nectandra grandiflora (Lauraceae), and exerts a depressant effect
on the central nervous system of fish. However, the neuronal mechanism underlying DHF
action remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the action of DHF on
GABAA receptors using a silver catfish (Rhamdia
quelen) model. Additionally, we investigated the effect of DHF exposure on
stress-induced cortisol modulation. Chemical identification was performed using gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry and purity was evaluated using gas chromatography
with a flame ionization detector. To an aquarium, we applied between 2.5 and 50 mg/L
DHF diluted in ethanol, in combination with 42.7 mg/L diazepam. DHF within the range
of 10-20 mg/L acted collaboratively in combination with diazepam, but the sedative
action of DHF was reversed by 3 mg/L flumazenil. Additionally, fish exposed for 24 h
to 2.5-20 mg/L DHF showed no side effects and there was sustained sedation during the
first 12 h of drug exposure with 10-20 mg/L DHF. DHF pretreatment did not increase
plasma cortisol levels in fish subjected to a stress protocol. Moreover, the
stress-induced cortisol peak was absent following pretreatment with 20 mg/L DHF. DHF
proved to be a relatively safe sedative or anesthetic, which interacts with GABAergic
and cortisol pathways in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q I Garlet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L C Pires
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - D T Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - S Spall
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L T Gressler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - M E Bürger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - B M Heinzmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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90
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A Systematic Review of the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Essential Oils in Animal Models. Molecules 2015; 20:18620-60. [PMID: 26473822 PMCID: PMC6332383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of standardized essential oils (such as Lavender officinalis), in treating anxiety disorders strongly suggests that these natural products are an important candidate source for new anxiolytic drugs. A systematic review of essential oils, their bioactive constituents, and anxiolytic-like activity is conducted. The essential oil with the best profile is Lavendula angustifolia, which has already been tested in controlled clinical trials with positive results. Citrus aurantium using different routes of administration also showed significant effects in several animal models, and was corroborated by different research groups. Other promising essential oils are Citrus sinensis and bergamot oil, which showed certain clinical anxiolytic actions; along with Achillea wilhemsii, Alpinia zerumbet, Citrus aurantium, and Spiranthera odoratissima, which, like Lavendula angustifolia, appear to exert anxiolytic-like effects without GABA/benzodiazepine activity, thus differing in their mechanisms of action from the benzodiazepines. The anxiolytic activity of 25 compounds commonly found in essential oils is also discussed.
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91
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Baldinger P, Höflich AS, Mitterhauser M, Hahn A, Rami-Mark C, Spies M, Wadsak W, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Effects of Silexan on the serotonin-1A receptor and microstructure of the human brain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with molecular and structural neuroimaging. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu063. [PMID: 25522403 PMCID: PMC4360214 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Silexan, a patented active substance comprised of an essential oil produced from Lavandula angustifolia flowers, has been authorized in Germany as a medicinal product for the treatment of states of restlessness related to anxious mood. Its efficacy has been shown in several forms of anxiety disorders. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies attribute a major role to the serotonin-1A receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety. METHODS To elucidate the effect of Silexan on serotonin-1A receptor binding, 17 healthy men underwent 2 positron emission tomography measurements using the radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 following the daily intake of 160 mg Silexan or placebo for a minimum of 8 weeks (randomized, double-blind, cross-over design). Additionally, structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to determine potential effects on gray matter microstructure. RESULTS Serotonin-1A receptor binding potential was shown to be significantly reduced following the intake of Silexan compared with placebo in 2 large clusters encompassing the temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampus on one hand as well as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex on the other hand. No effects of Silexan on gray matter volume could be detected in this investigation. CONCLUSION This positron emission tomography study proposes an involvement of the serotonin-1A receptor in the anxiolytic effects of Silexan. The study was registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register as ISRCTN30885829 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Drs Baldinger, Höflich, Hahn, Spies, Lanzenberger and Kasper), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine (Drs Mitterhauser, Rami-Mark and Wadsak), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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92
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Aprotosoaie AC, Hăncianu M, Costache II, Miron A. Linalool: a review on a key odorant molecule with valuable biological properties. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
| | - Monica Hăncianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; “Sf. Spiridon” University Hospital Iasi; Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
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93
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Cardioprotective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Lavender Flower against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/368376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective property of the aqueous extract of lavender flower (LFAE). The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of rat was prepared by Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. The heart was preperfused with K-H solution containing LFAE for 10 min before 20 minutes global ischemia, and then the reperfusion with K-H solution was conducted for 45 min. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum up/downrate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded by physiological recorder as the myocardial function and the myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the effluent were measured to determine the myocardial injury degree. The superoxide anion dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissue were detected to determine the oxidative stress degree. The results showed that the pretreatment with LFAE significantly decreased the myocardial infarct size and also decreased the LDH, CK activities, and MDA level, while it increased the LVDP, ±dp/dtmax, SOD activities, and the coronary artery flow. Our findings indicated that LFAE could provide protection for heart against the I/R injury which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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94
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Fißler M, Quante A. A case series on the use of lavendula oil capsules in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and symptoms of psychomotor agitation, insomnia and anxiety. Complement Ther Med 2013; 22:63-9. [PMID: 24559818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms of agitation, anxiety and insomnia are frequent among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) during the first weeks of psychiatric care. But a substantial number of patients declines taking pharmaceutical medication to avoid side effects. Therefore, an alternative herbal medication is needed. Clinical studies demonstrated that lavender oil capsules, termed Lasea®, have an anxiolytic effect comparable to Lorazepam and significantly reduce insomnia and agitation in non-depressed patients. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective case series was to analyze the effectiveness of Lasea® for patients with MDD and symptoms of anxiety, insomnia and psychomotor agitation. DESIGN Eight cases were analyzed retrospectively regarding the dosage, length of treatment, possible side effects and effectiveness of Lasea®. SETTING All cases were treated at the Department of Psychiatry at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin in a naturalistic setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Effectiveness was measured by a change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) total score and subscores. RESULTS In 6 cases, the combination of Lasea® and an antidepressant resulted in a reduction of MDD. Lasea® also reduced agitation in 6 cases. Psychological anxiety was reduced in 5, somatic anxiety in 4 cases whereas sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance insomnia improved in 3 cases each. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Lasea® reduces some of the anxiety related symptoms and sleep disturbances in MDD patients. Furthermore Lasea® significantly reduces psychomotor agitation. Additionally, the results indicate a significant global improvement stemming from the combinational therapy of Lasea® and antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fißler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnim Quante
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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