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Harakeh S, Saber SH, Al-Raddadi R, Alamri T, Al-Jaouni S, Qari M, Qari Y, Haque S, Zawawi A, Ali SS, Elmageed ZYA, Mousa S. Novel curcumin nanoformulation induces apoptosis, and reduces migration and angiogenesis in liver cancer cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2023; 51:361-370. [PMID: 37524306 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2238756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin has been used in the treatment of several diseases; however, its low pharmacologic profile reduces its therapeutic use. Towards improving its biological activity, nanoformulations have emerged. Thus, we aimed to determine whether curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) coated with PEG/chitosan improve the treatment of liver cancer (LC) cells and underpin the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer activity. METHODS Cur-NPs were synthesised in the form of Cur-PLGA-PEG/chitosan NPs. The effect of Cur-NPs was assessed in HepG2 and Huh 7 LC cells and THLE-2 normal liver cells. RESULTS The size of synthesised Cur-NPS was determined in the standard range of 141.2 ± 47.5 nm. Compared to THLE-2 cells, LC cells treated with Cur-NPs exerted cytotoxicity at 6.25 µg/mL after 48h. Treatment of HepG-2 cells with 2.5 µg/mL of Cur-NPs inhibited cell migration and this inhibition was augmented at 10 µg/mL (p < 0.001). Treatment of chicken embryo with 5 µg/mL Cur-NPs reduced angiogenesis (p < 0.001) of 4-day-old embryos. The nanoformulation upregulated Bax and p53 and downregulated Bcl-2 in a concentration-dependent manner and subsequently induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. CONCLUSION Treatment of LC cells with Cur-NPs decreased cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and induced cell death by promoting the proapoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al-Jaouni
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qari
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Qari
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of LA at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Shaker Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Alrefaie Z, Bashraheel J, Hammad HA, Ali SS, Alahmadi A. Hippocampal mitochondrial Ca ++ in experimentally induced Alzheimer's disease, link to calpains and impact of vitamin D3 supplementation. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101834. [PMID: 38033745 PMCID: PMC10682656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D impact on hippocampal mitochondrial Ca++ and calpains was not previously investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current work aimed to assess the alteration in hippocampal mitochondrial Ca++, ATP & ADP and hippocampal calpains' level in (AlCl3)-induced AD model, and the effect of 2 regimens of vitamin D supplementation on these alterations. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups; control, AD (AlCl3100 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 42 days), AD and vitamin D co-treated group (AlCl3 as in AD group with vitamin D3 400 IU/kg/day, p.o. for 42 days) and AD, followed by vitamin D3 group (AlCl3 was given as in AD group for 42 days, then vitamin D3 for two weeks). AD was assessed by hippocampal levels of Aβ42, p-tau and spatial memory assessment in Morris water maze. Hippocampal mitochondrial Ca++, ATP and ADP levels besides to calpain-1 & 2 and cytochrome C were assessed in addition to CA1 histological examination. RESULTS AD animals showed impaired mitochondrial function as denoted by high Ca++ and decreased ATP and ADP and elevated calpain-1 & 2 and cytochrome C. Hippocampal CA1 region showed increased degenerated neurons and reduced thickness of its pyramidal layer. Vitamin D administration minimized the hippocampal mitochondrial impairement induced by AD and mitigated histological alterations even when supplemented post AD establishment. CONCLUSION Vitamin D administration to AD rats breaks the deleterious loop in the hippocampus that involves increased Ca++, calpain activation, mitochondrial failure, neuronal degeneration and AD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Alrefaie
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana Bashraheel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam A. Hammad
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soad S. Ali
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohage, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Alahmadi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Othman GQ, Mustafa TA, Ismael HD, Ali SS, Abdullah HH, Abdullah BU. A Comparative Investigation Applying Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Open Testicular Biopsy Histology for the Diagnosis of Azoospermia and Severe Oligospermia. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1343-1348. [PMID: 38226384 PMCID: PMC10787927 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.4.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Open testicular biopsy histology and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most popular tests used to diagnose male infertility. This study aimed to assess the cytological characteristics of 186 infertile males aged 24-63 with testicular FNAC. Furthermore, the existing relationship between males with severe oligospermia (sperm count: 5 million/ml) and azoospermia was investigated via both cytological and histological diagnosis methods. With a 1.5-inch and 25-gauge needle, the testis was aspirated from three locations (the upper, middle, and lower poles). Papanicolaou stain or Giemsa stain was used to make smears on albumenized slides, which were then dried in the air and stained. A biopsy of the testicles was performed there, preserved in Bouins solution, processed as usual, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. According to our findings, 66.7% of patients had secondary maturation arrest, whereas 18.3% and 15.1% of them had hypospermatogenesis and Sertoli cell only (SCO). Results of the comparison showed that both procedures were very similar. According to biopsy histological examinations, only 3 (1.6%) of the 28 normal FNAC instances had hypospermatogenesis with lymphocyte infiltration. The majority of SCO patients were over 50 years old. These findings revealed that FNAC is more effective than testicular histology for the assessment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Othman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Nursing, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - T A Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - H D Ismael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - S S Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - H H Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - B U Abdullah
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Shaqlawa, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Ms Mansoury M, Almukadi H, M Turkistani A, Ah Khattab H, S Ali S, Hm Hassanein E, A Alahmadi B, Al-Jaouni S, A El-Shitany N. Apocynin attenuates methotrexate-induced mucositis by regulating NF-κB, PPAR-γ and Bax/Bcl-2/Puma signals. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:457-466. [PMID: 37530153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are the primary inducers of Methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. This research aimed to determine whether apocynin (APO) could protect against MTX-induced mucositis. The antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions of APO in this model will be evaluated. The experiment was performed on 32 rats. A single dose (20 mg/kg) of MTX was injected i.p. to induce intestinal mucositis. APO was given orally once per day at a dose of 100mg/kg (five days prior to and five days following an MTX injection). APO safeguarded the histological structure of the duodenal mucosa, as observed by the conserved histology of goblet cells (villi and crypts). APO mitigated oxidative stress by reducing intestin MDA and raising GSH, SOD and GST, also suppressing NF-κB mRNA expression. Intestinal content of proinflammatory cytokines was reduced in APO-treated MTX rats, with downregulation of proinflammatory iNOS and upregulation of anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ proteins. The intestinal mucosa of rats treated with APO and MTX displayed weekly positive immune staining for cleaved caspase-3. APO upregulate the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 mRNA and down regulate the proapoptotic Bax and Puma mRNA in the duodenal mucosa. The results indicate the possibility of using APO as a novel therapeutic agent to prevent MTX-induced mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Ms Mansoury
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Almukadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa M Turkistani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Ah Khattab
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Soad S Ali
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University (MUE), new Sohag, Egypt
| | - Emad Hm Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bassam A Alahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al-Jaouni
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abuzinadah OAH, Ali SS, Alsrehy GM, Al-Nefeiy FA, Alkenani NA, Almalki DA. Pomegranate peel boosts the potential of Manuka honey to protect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats by enhancing its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. MS 2022. [DOI: 10.54905/disssi/v26i128/ms401e2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El-Shitany NA, Bagher AM, Binmahfouz LS, Eid BG, Almukadi H, Badr-Eldin SM, El-Hamamsy M, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Saleh FM, Almuhayawi MS, Alghamdi SA, Arab RA, Ali SS, Harakeh S, Alghamdi BS. The Adverse Reactions of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose are Mild and Similar to the Second Dose Responses: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6821-6836. [PMID: 36051568 PMCID: PMC9426871 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s376316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Like other vaccines, Pfizer BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus infections begins to decline within a few months after the 2nd dose. On August 12, 2021, the FDA allowed additional Pfizer BioNTch’s COVID-19 vaccine dose (3rd or booster dose) for individuals with weakened immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term adverse reactions (ADRs) of the 2nd and the 3rd doses of the Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Methods Information for this study was collected by Google Form questionnaire (online survey). The results included responses from 442 people, the majority from Saudi Arabia. Results The most common local ADRs following the 3rd dose were injection site pain, injection site hypersensitivity, and axillary lymph node swelling. The most common systemic ADRs were fatigue, muscle pain, bone pain, headache, and fever less than 38ºC. Less common systemic ADRs were shivering, fever more than 38ºC, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, arrhythmia, cough, abdominal pain, chest tightness, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and tachypnea. Rare systemic ADRs were constipation, dizziness and vertigo, lack of concentration, sore throat, excessive hair loss, dysmenorrhea and heavy menstruation, and Bell’s palsy. Severe allergic reactions were reported by 2.6% of participants after the 2nd dose, compared with none after the 3rd dose. Nasal congestion and runny nose are more frequent after the 3rd dose. The ADRs of the 2nd and 3rd doses were significantly more prevalent in females. 12% of participants reported ADRs lasting more than one week after the 3rd dose compared to 5% after the 2nd dose. People ≤ 60 years were more affected by the vaccine ADRs. Conclusion Most of the ADRs reported after the 3rd vaccine dose were consistent with the Pfizer vaccine information sheet and similar to the 2nd dose ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lenah Saeed Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Almukadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal El-Hamamsy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez M Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana A Arab
- Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khan LM, Ahmad MAAAS, Al – Salmi AA, Ali SS. Sub-acute Toxicity and Safety Study of Mecca Myrrh (Commiphora opobalsamum) by Experimental Histological Analysis. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i26a35967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: The native herbal medicinal products are vital source of the key medication; their excellent dogmatic safety study is of prime importance despite their strong validated evidence of efficacy.
Aim: To study the sub-acute toxicity of Commiphora opobalsamum (CO) by histological analysis of vital organs.
Methods: Twenty-four male Wister rats of 10-12 weeks age were used. Oral toxicity studies with repeated dose were accomplished in four group of rats, six rats were included in each group. Three groups of rats were administered CO orally in the graded doses of 250,500, and 1000 mg/kg/day once daily for 14 days Vs normal control. Determination the relative weight of vital organs and their histological changes were performed at the end of the study. Subsequently, the digital images of the CO - administered groups were equated with the control group.
Results: Intriguingly, the relative weights of the vital organs, performed following 14 days of graded doses of CO given were equated with the control group, significant differences were not detected (p˃0.05). Furthermore, histological examination of the brain demonstrated no changes in its cellular neuronal components Regarding the heart, CO extract did not produce any histological changes, insignificant changes were observed in liver parenchyma of rats, regarding the kidney, no degenerative changes were noticed in glomerular tuft capillaries or renal tubular epithelium, conversely trivial changes were observed in liver parenchyma. Finally, no minor histological changes were observed in stomach (high dose) and spleen tissue of animals on comparison with the control group.
Conclusion: Seemingly, the impressive outcome of this fundamental histological scrutiny of methanolic extract of CO demonstrated an imperative facet of safety and correspondingly displayed the key feature of its nontoxic medicinal application for short term supplementation.
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Almohaimeed HM, Hamed S, Seleem HS, Batawi AH, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Balgoon MJ, Ali SS, Al Jaouni S, Ayuob N. An Ethanolic Extract of Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds Modifies Neuroendocrine Disruption in Chronic Stressed Rats and Adrenal Expression of Inflammatory Markers and HSP70. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749766. [PMID: 34867356 PMCID: PMC8636010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) were described to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and antidepressant-like effect. The adrenal gland is an important stress-responsive organ that maintains homeostasis during stress. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the administration of Cucurbita pepo L. (CP) extract in relieving behavioral, biochemical, and structural changes in the adrenal gland induced by exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to explore the mechanism behind this impact. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control, CUMS, fluoxetine-treated, and CP-treated groups. Behavioral changes, corticosterone level, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and oxidant/antioxidant profile were assessed in the serum at the end of the experiment. Adrenal glands were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Gene expression of caspase-3 and Ki67 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were assessed in adrenal glands using RT-PCR. Results: The CP extract significantly reduced the corticosterone level (p < 0.001), immobility time (p < 0.001), and inflammatory and oxidative changes associated with CUMS-induced depression compared to the untreated group. The CP extract alleviated CUMS-induced adrenal histopathological changes and significantly reduced apoptosis (p < 0.001) and significantly upregulated antioxidant levels in the serum. Conclusion:Cucurbita pepo L. effectively ameliorated the chronic stress-induced behavioral, biochemical, and adrenal structural changes mostly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Hamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq H Batawi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Jameal Balgoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Asyut, Egypt.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasra Ayuob
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Bashraf OMO, Ali AS, Eweis HSA, Ali SS. Protective Effects of Low Dose Vorinostat on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:635-645. [PMID: 33297925 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666201209104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [II]; CDDP) is the most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity of CDDP is one of its major side effects. Vorinostat (VST) has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in bothin-vitro and in vivo models. The present study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of VST against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control group, CDDP group (received CDDP 7.5 mg/kg IP single dose 5 days before the end of the experiment), VST group, (received VST 15 mg/kg/day by gastric gavage for 28 days), and CDDP + VST group (received CDDP + VST as above). Blood and kidney samples were collected on the 28th day for biochemical and histopathological examinations. RESULTS Administration of CDDP single dose (7.5 mg/kg IP) 5 days before the end of the experiment (at day 23) produced a significant decrease in renal glutathione levels and a significant increase in serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, renal malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor suppressor protein (p53) and nuclear factor kappa B levels compared to the control group. Pretreatment with VST for 28 days significantly attenuated all unfavorable changes of these parameters. Histopathological analysis showed that VST significantly decreased kidney inflammatory and degenerative changes induced by CDDP. VST also significantly increased Bcl-2 and decreased Caspas- 3 immunoexpression in renal tissues. CONCLUSION These results suggest that VST alleviates CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats showing a novel therapeutic potential for the management of nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnyah M O Bashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala S A Eweis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain Z, Sun Y, Shah SH, Khan H, Ali S, Iqbal A, Zia MA, Ali SS. The dynamics of genome size and GC contents evolution in genus Nicotiana. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245372. [PMID: 34669791 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and Polyploidization are most common of the phenomenon observed in plants, especially in the genus Nicotiana leading to the duplication of genome. Although genomic changes associated with these events has been studied at various levels but the genome size and GC content variation is less understood because of absence of sufficient genomic data. In this study the flow cytometry technique was used to uncover the genome size and GC contents of 46 Nicotiana species and we compared the genomic changes associated with the hybridization events along evolutionary time scale. The genome size among Nicotiana species varied between 3.28 pg and 11.88 pg whereas GC contents varied between 37.22% and 51.25%. The tetraploid species in genus Nicotiana including section Polydiclae, Repandae, Nicotiana, Rustica and Sauveolentes revealed both up and downsizing in their genome sizes when compared to the sum of genomes of their ancestral species. The genome sizes of three homoploid hybrids were found near their ancestral species. Loss of large genome sequence was observed in the evolutionary more aged species (>10 Myr) as compared to the recently evolved one's (<0.2 Myr). The GC contents were found homogenous with a mean difference of 2.46% among the Nicotiana species. It is concluded that genome size change appeared in either direction whereas the GC contents were found more homogenous in genus Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussain
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Y Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Khan
- Quid-e-Azam University, Department of Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Zaid FAA, Abduljawad EA, Aljadani HM, Ali NM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ibrahim M, Ali SS, Abunasef SK, Ahmed OT, Amin HA, Jaouni SKA. Black Raisins Improved Experimentally Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia. Biochemical and Histological Evidence. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i34a31839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia is a challenging clinical problem with a profound impact on general health. Administration of iron-containing preparations were reported to be associated with many side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate black raisins’ therapeutic role against experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia in rats. Forty female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10); control, anemia, anemia + iron, and anemia + raisins. Anemia was induced by bleeding and an iron-deficient diet for 4 weeks. Anemic rats were treated with ferric sulfate (200 mg/kg) or raisin extract (375 mg/kg) daily for 12 weeks. Complete blood count (CBC), blood films, body weight, splenic weight, and index were assessed. The spleens were processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunohistochemically stained for CD3+ and CD68. Raisins contain a considerable amount of iron, vitamin B, phenolics, and flavonoid antioxidants. In raisins treated rats, CBC parameters displayed a significant increase compared to the anemic rats. Most of the RBCs in blood films showed normal shape, size, and central pallor. The spleen of raisins and iron-treated rats showed a marked increase in the area of white pulp. Their spleens also showed a significant increase in the CD3+ PALS area compared to anemic rats. Iron and raisins significantly decreased splenic CD68 macrophages. Consumption of black raisins could be considered an excellent natural source for flavonoids and iron to be used as an adjuvant supplement to iron for anemic patients with increased splenic T lymphocytes.
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Tingle SJ, Thompson ER, Ali SS, Ibrahim IK, Irwin E, Sen G, White SA, Manas DM, Wilson CH. O6: EARLY ANASTOMOTIC BILIARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab117.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Biliary leaks and anastomotic strictures are common early biliary complications (EBC) following liver transplantation. However, their impact on outcomes remains controversial and poorly described.
Method
The NHS registry on adult liver transplantation between 2006 and 2017 was retrospectively reviewed (n=8304). Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data. Adjusted regression models were used to assess predictors of EBC, and their impact on outcomes. 35 potential variables were included, and backwards stepwise selection enabled unbiased selection of variables for inclusion in final models.
Result
EBC occurred in 9.6% of patients. Adjusted cox regression revealed that EBCs have a significant and independent impact on graft survival (Leak HR=1.325; P=0.021, Stricture HR=1.514; P=0.002, Leak plus stricture HR=1.533; P=0.034) and patient survival (Leak HR=1.218; P=0.131, Stricture HR=1.578; P<0.001, Leak plus stricture HR=1.507; P=0.044). Patients with EBC had longer median hospital stay (23 versus 15 days; P<0.001) and increased chance for readmission within the first year (56% versus 32%; P<0.001). On adjusted logistic regression the following were identified as independent risk factors for development of EBC: donation following circulatory death (OR=1.280; P=0.009), accessory hepatic artery (OR=1.324; P=0.005), vascular anastomosis time in minutes (OR=1.005; P=0.032) and ethnicity ‘other’ (OR=1.838; P=0.011).
Conclusion
EBCs prolong hospital stay, increase readmission rates and are independent risk factors for diminished graft survival and increased mortality in liver transplantation. We have identified factors that increase the likelihood of EBC occurrence; further research into interventions to prevent EBCs in these at-risk groups is vital to improve liver transplantation outcomes.
Take-home message
Using a large registry database we have shown that early anastomotic biliary complications are independent risk factors for decreased graft survival and increased mortality after liver transplantation. Research into interventions to prevent biliary complications in high risk groups are essential to improve liver transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Tingle
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - ER Thompson
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - SS Ali
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - IK Ibrahim
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Irwin
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Sen
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - SA White
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - DM Manas
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - CH Wilson
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Qari SA, Alahmadi AA, Ali SS, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ibrahim RFA, El-Shitany NA. Effect of prolonged whole-body hyperthermia on adult male rat testes and the protective role of vitamin C and E: A histological and biochemical study. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14075. [PMID: 33877689 DOI: 10.1111/and.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) is a significant risk factor for male infertility. Most researchers investigated the effect of localized and short-term HT on male fertility. This study aimed to assess the harmful impacts of prolonged and generalized HT on testicular histology and ultrastructure in rats. The possible protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E), Vit C, and their combination were also investigated. Thirty male adult Wister rats were used (5 groups). 1- control, 2- HT, 3- Vit C, 4- Vit E, and 5- Vit C + Vit E. Rats in groups 2-5 were subjected to HT (41°C), 1 hr daily for 2 weeks. HT-induced a significant decrease in body weight gain, food and water intake, and serum testosterone. HT showed a damaging effect on the testicular and coda epididymis tissue. HT significantly (p ≤ .05) produced oxidative stress (decreased serum catalase (145.49 ± 8.98), glutathione peroxidase (20.27 ± 4.46), superoxide dismutase (2.68 ± 0.54), and reduced glutathione (5.18 ± 0.33), and increased malondialdehyde (9.46 ± 1.55). Vit E alone and combined with Vit C, significantly protected the gonads against the deleterious effects of HT. The results recommended that prolonged HT of the whole body is harmful to male fertility. Prophylactic therapy with Vit E could help decrease the HT-induced male gonadal harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila A Qari
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam A Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabee F A Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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14
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El-Shitany NA, Harakeh S, Badr-Eldin SM, Bagher AM, Eid B, Almukadi H, Alghamdi BS, Alahmadi AA, Hassan NA, Sindi N, Alghamdi SA, Almohaimeed HM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Al-Shaikh TM, Almuhayawi MS, Ali SS, El-Hamamsy M. Minor to Moderate Side Effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Saudi Residents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1389-1401. [PMID: 33907443 PMCID: PMC8068468 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s310497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has recently received emergency approval from the US FDA. The mRNA technology was used to manufacture the Pfizer vaccine; however, as a pioneering technology that has never been used in the manufacture of vaccines, many people have concerns about the vaccine’s side effects. Thus, the current study aimed to track the short-term side effects of the vaccine. Methods The information in this study was gathered by a Google Form-questionnaire (online survey). The results included the responses of 455 individuals, all of whom are Saudi Arabia inhabitants. Adverse effects of the vaccine were reported after the first and the second doses. Results The most common symptoms were injection site pain, headaches, flu-like symptoms, fever, and tiredness. Less common side effects were a fast heartbeat, whole body aches, difficulty breathing, joint pain, chills, and drowsiness. Rare side effects include Bell’s palsy and lymph nodes swelling and tenderness. Flu-like symptoms were more common among those under 60 years of age, while injection site pain was more frequent among recipients who were 60 years and older. The study revealed a significant increase in the number of females who suffered from the vaccine side effects compared to males. Difficulty of breathing was more reported among recipients who had been previously infected with the coronavirus compared to those who had not been previously infected. Conclusion Most of the side effects reported in this study were consistent with Pfizer’s fact sheet for recipients and caregivers. Further studies are required to determine the long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Almukadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam A Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nibal A Hassan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nariman Sindi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Al-Shaikh
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Tingle SJ, Thompson ER, Ali SS, Figueiredo R, Hudson M, Sen G, White SA, Manas DM, Wilson CH. Risk factors and impact of early anastomotic biliary complications after liver transplantation: UK registry analysis. BJS Open 2021; 5:6226008. [PMID: 33855363 PMCID: PMC8047096 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary leaks and anastomotic strictures are common early anastomotic biliary complications (EABCs) following liver transplantation. However, there are no large multicentre studies investigating their clinical impact or risk factors. This study aimed to define the incidence, risk factors and impact of EABC. Methods The NHS registry on adult liver transplantation between 2006 and 2017 was reviewed retrospectively. Adjusted regression models were used to assess predictors of EABC, and their impact on outcomes. Results Analyses included 8304 liver transplant recipients. Patients with EABC (9·6 per cent) had prolonged hospitalization (23 versus 15 days; P < 0·001) and increased chance for readmission within the first year (56 versus 32 per cent; P < 0·001). Patients with EABC had decreased estimated 5-year graft survival of 75·1 versus 84·5 per cent in those without EABC, and decreased 5-year patient survival of 76·9 versus 83·3 per cent; both P < 0.001. Adjusted Cox regression revealed that EABCs have a significant and independent impact on graft survival (leak hazard ratio (HR) 1·344, P = 0·015; stricture HR 1·513, P = 0·002; leak plus stricture HR 1·526, P = 0·036) and patient survival (leak HR 1·215, P = 0·136, stricture HR 1·526, P = 0·001; leak plus stricture HR 1·509; P = 0·043). On adjusted logistic regression, risk factors for EABC included donation after circulatory death grafts, graft aberrant arterial anatomy, biliary anastomosis type, vascular anastomosis time and recipient model of end-stage liver disease. Conclusion EABCs prolong hospital stay, increase readmission rates and are independent risk factors for graft loss and increased mortality. This study has identified factors that increase the likelihood of EABC occurrence; research into interventions to prevent EABCs in these at-risk groups is vital to improve liver transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Tingle
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - E R Thompson
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - S S Ali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - R Figueiredo
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - M Hudson
- Department of Hepatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Sen
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - S A White
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - D M Manas
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - C H Wilson
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Neamatallah T, Eid BG, Bagher AM, Nasrullah MZ, Ali SS, Mohammedsaleh ZM, El-Shitany NA. Activation of Sirtuin 1 by Ellagic Acid Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1531283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly applied in treating different cancers. However, acute renal injury remains a major side effect of Cis that limits its clinical use. Oxidative stress in renal tissues play a key role in Cis-induced toxicity. This research aimed to investigate the impact of ellagic acid (Ella) on Cis-induced apoptotic renal injury and the possible involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and oxidative stress as a possible protective mechanism.
Methods: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=6) and treated as follows. The control (Cont) group (0.9% saline), Ella group (10 mg/kg), Cis group (7.5 mg/kg), Ella + Cis group (10 mg/kg + 7.5 mg/kg). Ella was administered 7 days prior to Cis injection. Seventy-two hours later, the rats were sacrificed, and blood and kidney samples were collected. Biochemical analyses were performed on serum and kidney homogenate. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the formalin preserved kidneys.
Results: Ella significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea levels compared to the Cis group. Furthermore, Ella protects the kidney cortex and medulla against most Cis-induced histopathological changes. Ella significantly decreased kidney contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, Ella reversed the Cis-induced reduction of kidney antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Ella decreased kidney protein expression of both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Bax proteins while increased SIRT1 and Bcl2 expression.
Conclusion: The results revealed a reduction in SIRT1 protein expression in rat renal medullary and cortical tissues following Cis treatment. However, Ella significantly enhanced SIRT1 expression, antioxidants levels, and reduced Cis-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and reducing the expression of COX-2 and MDA, respectively. These findings provide additional evidence of the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect of Ella in Cis-induced renal toxicity.
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El-Shitany NA, El-Hamamsy M, Alahmadi AA, Eid BG, Neamatallah T, Almukadi HS, Arab RA, Faddladdeen KA, Al-Sulami KA, Bahshwan SM, Ali SS, Harakeh S, Badr-Eldin SM. The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18010276. [PMID: 33401440 PMCID: PMC7795413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Studies have noted that some ABO blood types are more susceptible to COVID-19 virus infection. This study aimed to further confirm the relationship between different blood groups on the vulnerability, symptoms, cure period, and severity among COVID-19 recovered patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study approached the participants from the Arab community via social media (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp). The data were collected through two Google Form questionnaires, one for COVID-19 recovered patients (COVID-19 group, n = 726), and the other for the healthy people (Control group, n = 707). Results: The subjects with blood group O were the least likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus, while those with blood group A were not likely to be the most susceptible. There were significant differences among different ABO blood groups regarding the distribution of oxygen saturation percentage, myalgia, and recovery time after COVID-19 infection (p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The blood group A showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 90–100%, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 70–80%. The blood group A showed the lowest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration. The blood group B showed the lowest percentage of patients who experienced myalgia and exhibited the lowest percentage of patients who needed 3 weeks or more to recover. Conclusion: The people of blood group O may be the least likely to be infected with COVID-19, however, they may be the more in need of treatment in hospital and artificial respiration compared to the other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A. El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (T.N.); (H.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-545923440
| | - Manal El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahlam A. Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (T.N.); (H.S.A.)
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (T.N.); (H.S.A.)
| | - Haifa S. Almukadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (T.N.); (H.S.A.)
| | - Rana A. Arab
- Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National Faculty for Medical Studies, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khadija A. Faddladdeen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Khayria A. Al-Sulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Makhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safia M. Bahshwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Soad S. Ali
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Ali AS, Altayari AA, Khan LM, Alharthi SE, Ahmed OA, El-Shitany NA, Ali SS, Saadah OI. Colon-Targeted Therapy of Tacrolimus (FK506) in the Treatment of Experimentally Induced Colitis. Pharmacology 2020; 105:541-549. [PMID: 31940656 DOI: 10.1159/000505101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic or remitting/relapsing intestinal inflammation, which comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Severe UC is a life-threatening condition that requires corticosteroids (CS) as a first-line rescue therapy. Some patients are refractory to CS and may require alternative immunosuppressive therapy. Oral tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressive agent, has been reported to be effective in the management of severe refractory UC, but it can cause serious adverse effects. This work aims to study the effect of tacrolimus delivered by a colon-targeted delivery system (CTDS) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal model of colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed and evaluated an oral CTDS of tacrolimus (FK506) loaded pH-dependent polymeric microspheres, composed of Eudragit® S100 as a pH-sensitive polymer using the oil-in-water emulsion method. The physicochemical properties and drug release profiles of these microparticles in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions were examined. A DSS-induced colitis rat model was used to evaluate the potential remedial and in vivo distribution of microspheres. RESULTS The pH-microspheres prevented a burst drug release in acidic pH conditions and showed sustained release at a colonic pH. The in vivo distribution study in the rat GIT demonstrated that pH-microspheres were successfully delivered to the inflamed colon. Moreover, it also demonstrated a significant decrease of disease activity and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, and minimized the histological and morphometric changes. CONCLUSION The results confirmed the efficacy of tacrolimus (FK506) CTDs in the management of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid A Altayari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lateef M Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer E Alharthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar I Saadah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, .,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
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Ayuob NN, Abdel-Tawab HS, El-Mansy AA, Ali SS. The protective role of musk on salivary glands of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:95-102. [PMID: 30918218 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of mouse salivary glands and the role of musk in alleviating this impact. Forty male albino mice were distributed equally into four groups; control (untreated), CUMS (exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks), CUMS+fluoxetine (FLU) (exposed to CUMS then treated with FLU, CUMS+musk (exposed to CUMS then treated with musk). Behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels were assessed at the end of the experiment. The submandibular and parotid glands were dissected out and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination using antibodies against alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Exposure to CUMS significantly (P < 0.001) increased the serum corticosterone level and induced depression. CUMS also induced vacuolation in acinar cells along with a significant (P < 0.001) reduction of ASMA immunoexpression, indicating an effect on myoepithelial cells, and a significant (P < 0.001) increase of BDNF expression in the gland ductal system. Both FLU and musk alleviated the CUMS-induced behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes in the salivary glands. In conclusion, musk ameliorates stress-induced structural changes in mouse salivary glands. This effect might be mediated through up-regulation of BDNF secretion by the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasra N Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
| | | | - Ahmed A El-Mansy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Horus University
| | - Soad S Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications, King Abdulaziz University
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Alzahrani AA, Alahmadi AA, Ali SS, Alahmadi BA, Arab RA, Wahman LF, El-Shitany NA. Biochemical and histological evidence of thyroid gland dysfunction in estradiol valerate model of the polycystic ovary in Wistar rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Ali AS, Sattar MAA, Makki HM, Ali SS, Ghoneim RH. Interaction of Cyclosporine A with Pomegranate Juice and Its Potential Nephroprotective Effect in Rats. JPRI 2019. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2018/v25i330103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study the effect of concomitant administering of pomegranate juice orally (PJ) on bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CsA) and independently its potential nephroprotective effect against CsA induced nephrotoxicity.
Methods: A- Pharmacokinetic study (PK), Wister rats were divided into groups (each 6 rats) I-: CsA PO + Vehicle; II- CsA IP + Vehicle, III- CsA PO + PJ, IV- CsA IP + PJ. CsA dose was 20 mg/kg for 5 days the vehicle or PJ (2 ml) was given 1 h before drug administration. Blood samples were taken at the 1st and 5th day at specified times and CsA level was determined by immune assays. Relative bioavailability of CsA was determined.
B- Nephroprotection study (separate study to administer bioequivalent CsA PO doses, in view of PK study), I- ( CsA 13 mg PO + 2 ml PJ .II- CsA 20 mg P0 + 2 ml vehicle (for 28 day). The design also includes two control groups (vehicle alone or PJ alone). Blood samples for drug analysis, biochemical investigations and kidney samples for histopathology were taken at the 28th day.
Results: PJ juice enhanced the bioavailability of oral CsA by about 50% (P > 0.05). But CsA (IP) was not affected after repeated administration for 5 days. Independently, the marked kidney damage induced by CsA was reversed by concomitant administration of PJ as well as it attenuated the increase in serum creatinine.
Conclusions: Repeated administration of pomegranate juice enhance CsA oral bioavailability which likely due to inhibition of intestinal enzymes and transport pump. Independently it caused significant attenuation of CsA induced renal toxicity.
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Neamatallah T, El-Shitany NA, Abbas AT, Ali SS, Eid BG. Honey protects against cisplatin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity through inhibition of NF-κB-mediated COX-2 expression and the oxidative stress dependent BAX/Bcl-2/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:3743-3754. [PMID: 29897076 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of both manuka and talh honeys were assessed using a rat model of cisplatin (CISP)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The results revealed that both honeys exerted a protective effect against CISP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as demonstrated by decreasing liver and kidney function. Manuka honey also prevented CISP-induced histopathological changes observed in the liver and decreased the changes seen in the kidneys. Talh honey decreased CISP-induced liver histopathological changes but had no effect on CISP-induced kidney histopathological changes. Both honeys reduced the oxidative stress in the liver. Conversely, they have no effect on kidney oxidative stress, except that manuka honey increased CAT activity. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of the antioxidant octadecanoic acid in talh honey while heneicosane and hydrocinnamic acid were present at a higher content in manuka honey. The molecular mechanism was to limit the expression of inflammatory signals, including COX-2 and NF-κB, and the expression of the apoptotic signal, BAX and caspase-3 while inducing Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Alrashedi MG, Ali AS, Ali SS, Khan LM. Impact of thymoquinone on cyclosporine A pharmacokinetics and toxicity in rodents. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1332-1339. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosupprsant drug used to prevent graft rejection and in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Thyomquinone (TQ), a bioactive component of Nigella sativa, has strong antioxidant properties and has been used in prevention of many toxicities, hence its protective effect and pharmacokinetic interactions with CsA was investigated in this study.
Methods
For bioavailability study, the rats were divided into four groups: TQ (PO, 10 mg/kg) was given alone for 7 days, then TQ plus CsA for another 5 days, CsA was given by two routes (po) and (IP) in a dose of 10 mg/kg 1 h after administration of TQ. Blood samples were taken at the 12th day at specified times, CsA level was determined by immune assays. The protective effect of TQ was studied. Blood samples for lab investigations and histopathology were taken at the 28th day.
Key findings
Thyomquinone reduced the bioavailability of oral CsA by around 32% (P > 0.05). However, bioavailability of IP administered CsA was not affected. Chronic administration of CsA increased concentrations of fasting glucose and Cystatin C and produced marked s kidney alteration of parenchyma which was reversed by concomitant administration of TQ.
Conclusions
A potential drug interaction between TQ and CsA, which may reduced its oral bioavailability. Independently TQ caused significant attenuation of CsA induced renal toxicity and diabetogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen G Alrashedi
- Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sulaymi hospital, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ali
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel (YAJ) Scientific Chair 495 Prophetic Medical Application, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lateef M Khan
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel (YAJ) Scientific Chair 495 Prophetic Medical Application, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Madani TA, Abuelzein ETME, Abu-Araki H, Ali SS, Jalalah SM, Hassan AM, Al-Bar HMS, Azhar EI. Ultrastructural Features of Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection of Cells Under In Vivo and In Vitro Conditions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:108-113. [PMID: 29298405 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is an emerging novel flavivirus that was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 1995. The virus has since caused several outbreaks in the country that resulted in case fatality rates ranging from 1% to 25%. Meager information has been published on the ultrastructural features of the virus on cells under in vitro or in vivo conditions. The present electron microscopic study examined and compared the intracellular growth of the AHFV on the LLC-MK2 cells and brain cells of new born Wistar rats, inoculated intracerebrally. The cytopathological changes in both cell systems were noted, and localization of the virus particles in different cellular components was observed. Both apoptotic and lytic cell interactions were seen in the electron micrographs of both the LLC-MK2 and the rat brain cells. The results were discussed in relation to similar situations reported for other virus members of the genus Flavivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Madani
- 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Tayb M E Abuelzein
- 2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,3 Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Abu-Araki
- 2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,4 Laboratory Animals Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S Ali
- 5 Department of Anatomy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan M Jalalah
- 6 Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- 2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,3 Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein M S Al-Bar
- 2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,7 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- 2 The Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,3 Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,8 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Murad HA, Gazzaz ZJ, Ali SS, Ibraheem MS. Candesartan, rather than losartan, improves motor dysfunction in thioacetamide-induced chronic liver failure in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6665. [PMID: 28953991 PMCID: PMC5609604 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is more common than the acute syndrome. Losartan, the first angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB), and candesartan, another widely-used ARB, have protected against developing fibrogenesis, but there is no clear data about their curative antifibrotic effects. The current study was designed to examine their effects in an already-established model of hepatic fibrosis and also their effects on the associated motor dysfunction. Low-grade chronic liver failure (CLF) was induced in 3-month old Sprague-Dawley male rats using thioacetamide (TAA, 50 mg·kg-1·day-1) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. The TAA-CLF rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) treated orally for 14 days (mg·kg-1·day-1) as follows: TAA (distilled water), losartan (5 and 10 mg/kg), and candesartan (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg). Rats were tested for rotarod and open-field tests. Serum and hepatic biochemical markers, and hepatic histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E and Masson's staining. The TAA-CLF rats showed significant increases of hepatic malondialdehyde, hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and serum ammonia, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde levels as well as significant decreases of hepatic and serum glutathione levels. All treatments significantly reversed these changes. The histopathological changes were moderate in losartan-5 and candesartan-0.1 groups and mild in losartan-10 and candesartan-0.3 groups. Only candesartan significantly improved TAA-induced motor dysfunction. In conclusion, therapeutic antifibrotic effects of losartan and candesartan in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats are possibly through angiotensin-II receptor blocking, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Improved motor dysfunction by candesartan could be attributed to better brain penetration and slower "off-rate" from angiotensin-II receptors. Clinical trials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Z J Gazzaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Ibraheem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ali SS, Abd El Wahab MG, Ayuob NN, Suliaman M. The antidepressant-like effect of Ocimum basilicum in an animal model of depression. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:390-401. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1323276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SS Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
| | - MG Abd El Wahab
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University
- Faculty of Nurses, National Gard, King Saud University, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - NN Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M Suliaman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ye C, Younus A, Malik R, Roberson L, Shaharyar S, Veledar E, Ahmad R, Ali SS, Latif MA, Maziak W, Feiz H, Aneni E, Nasir K. Subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. QJM 2017; 110:341-349. [PMID: 27539486 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a significant portion of deaths in patients with COPD; however, evidence for early detection strategies for CVD in this population remain limited. Our paper aims to summarize existing data regarding subclinical CVD in patients with COPD with a view to identifying screening strategies in these patients. METHODS A systematic review of published literature was conducted for studies examining the relationship of COPD and markers of subclinical disease such as coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation indices (AIx). Both MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched till October 2015. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included in the review. Compared with control subjects, patients with COPD had significantly higher cIMT (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.16-0.90), PWV (SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.67-1.16) and AIx (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.52-1.19). Additionally, an overall higher prevalence of subclinical CVD as assessed by CAC, ABI and FMD was noted in our review. CONCLUSION Although our findings need further evaluation in prospective studies, our review presents significant evidence in support of increased subclinical CVD burden in COPD patients independent of smoking status. Further large-scale case-control studies are required to highlight the significance of subclinical CVD screening in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ye
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - A Younus
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - R Malik
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - L Roberson
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - S Shaharyar
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, 20900 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura, FL 33180, USA
| | - E Veledar
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - R Ahmad
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - S S Ali
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- University of Manchester School of Medicine, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - M A Latif
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - W Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - H Feiz
- Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, 20900 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura, FL 33180, USA
| | - E Aneni
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - K Nasir
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- University of Manchester School of Medicine, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Ahmed M A, Khalifa M, Farag MA, Abd El AAM, Ali SS, Ahmed NT. Assessment of Psychological Symptoms and Quality of Life among Women with Urinary Incontinence. J Gynecol Res Obstet 2017; 3:064-069. [DOI: 10.17352/jgro.000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Murad HA, Habib HS, Kamel YM, Alsayed SA, Ali SS, Gazzaz ZG. Oral thearubigins do not protect against acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in mice. TROP J PHARM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v15i9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Murad HAS, Abdallah HM, Ali SS. Mentha longifolia protects against acetic-acid induced colitis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 190:354-361. [PMID: 27282663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mentha longifolia L (Wild Mint or Habak) (ML) is used in traditional medicine in treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate potential protecting effect of ML and its major constituent, eucalyptol, against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, a model of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into ten groups (n=8) given orally for three days (mg/kg/day) the following: normal control, acetic acid-induced colitis (un-treated, positive control), vehicle (DMSO), sulfasalazine (500), ML extract (100, 500, 1000), and eucalyptol (100, 200, 400). After 24h-fasting, two ML of acetic acid (3%) was administered intrarectally. On the fifth day, serum and colonic biochemical markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS Colitis significantly increased colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malonaldehyde level, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and malonaldehyde levels while significantly decreased colonic and serum glutathione levels. All treatments (except ML 100, ML 1000, and eucalyptol 100) significantly reversed these changes where eucalyptol (400) showed the highest activity in a dose-dependent manner. The colitis-induced histopathological changes were mild in sulfasalazine and eucalyptol 400 groups, moderate in ML 500 and eucalyptol 200 groups, and severe in ML 100, ML 1000, and eucalyptol 100 groups nearly similar to colitis-untreated rats. CONCLUSION ML (in moderate doses) and eucalyptol (dose-dependently) exerted protective effects against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats possibly through antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties suggesting a potential benefit in treatments of IBD. To our knowledge this is the first report addressing this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A S Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Soad S Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Ali SS, Li WJ, Javed K, Shi DW, Riaz S, Zhai GJ, Han XF. Exchange bias in two-step artificially grown one-dimensional hybrid Co-BiFeO3 core-shell nanostructures. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:045708. [PMID: 26656305 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/4/045708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional core-shell nanostructures consisting of a ferromagnetic cobalt core and a multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) shell were fabricated by an artificial two-step methodology. The coupling between the ferromagnetic core and multiferroic shell manifests a significant exchange bias effect which gives a clear demonstration of the anti-ferromagnetic functionality of the BFO shell material. Exchange biases of 30 Oe and 60 Oe are observed at 300 K and at 5 K, respectively. Superparamagnetic contributions at lower temperatures play an important role in contributing to overall magnetic behavior. Dominant shape anisotropy causes parallel alignment of the easy magnetization axis along the axis of core-shell nanowires. A coherent mode of the magnetization reversal mechanism is observed by the angular dependence of coercivity (H c). This versatile two-step methodology can be employed to fabricate and investigate many other hybrid nanostructures leading to a vast scope of investigation for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ali
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Friedman LK, Slomko AM, Wongvravit JP, Naseer Z, Hu S, Wan WY, Ali SS. Efficacy of Retigabine on Acute Limbic Seizures in Adult Rats. J Epilepsy Res 2015; 5:46-59. [PMID: 26819936 PMCID: PMC4724852 DOI: 10.14581/jer.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The efficacy of retigabine (RGB), a positive allosteric modulator of K+ channels indicated for adjunct treatment of partial seizures, was studied in two adult models of kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus to determine it’s toleratbility. Methods: Retigabine was administered systemiclly at high (5 mg/kg) and low (1–2 mg/kg) doses either 30 min prior to or 2 hr after KA-induced status epilepticus. High (1 µg/µL) and low (0.25 µg/µL) concentrations of RGB were also delivered by intrahippocampal microinjection in the presence of KA. Results: Dose-dependent effects of RGB were observed with both models. Lower doses increased seizure behavior latency and reduced the number of single spikes and synchronized burst events in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Higher doses worsened seizure behavior, produced severe ataxia, and increased spiking activity. Animals treated with RGB that were resistant to seizures did not exhibit significant injury or loss in GluR1 expression; however if stage 5–6 seizures were reached, typical hippocampal injury and depletion of GluR1 subunit protein in vulernable pyramidal fields occurred. Conclusions: RGB was neuroprotective only if seizures were significantly attenuated. GluR1 was simultaneously suppressed in the resistant granule cell layer in presence of RGB which may weaken excitatory transmission. Biphasic effects observed herein suggest that the human dosage must be carefully scrutinized to produce the optimal clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - A M Slomko
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - J P Wongvravit
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Z Naseer
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - S Hu
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - W Y Wan
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - S S Ali
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Javed K, Li WJ, Ali SS, Shi DW, Khan U, Riaz S, Han XF. Enhanced exchange bias and improved ferromagnetic properties in Permalloy-BiFe0.95Co0.05O3 core-shell nanostructures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18203. [PMID: 26658956 PMCID: PMC4677379 DOI: 10.1038/srep18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid core-shell nanostructures consisting of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) and multiferroic(BiFeO3, BFO/BiFe0.95Co0.05O3, BFC) materials were synthesized by a two-step method, based on wet chemical impregnation and subsequent electrodeposition within porous alumina membranes. Structural and magnetic characterizations have been done to investigate doping effect on magnetic properties and exchange bias. The magnetometry analysis revealed significant enhancements of the exchange bias and coercivity in NiFe-BFC core-shell nanostructures as compared with NiFe-BFO core-shell nanostructures. The enhancements can be attributed to the effective reduction of ferromagnet domain sizes between adjacent layers of core-shell structure. It indicates that it is possible to improve properties of multiferroic composites by site-engineering method. Our approach opens a pathway to obtain optimized nanostructured multiferroic composites exhibiting tunable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Javed
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Electrical Engineering, CIIT WAH, Pakistan
| | - W J Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S S Ali
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - D W Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - U Khan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Riaz
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - X F Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Almasaudi SB, El-Shitany NA, Abbas AT, Abdel-dayem UA, Ali SS, Al Jaouni SK, Harakeh S. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2016:3643824. [PMID: 26770649 PMCID: PMC4685122 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3643824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are among the most common diseases affecting humans. This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of rats were used: control, ethanol (ulcer), omeprazole, and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for hemorrhagic lesions in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (MDA, measured as malondialdehyde) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved gastric mucosal glycoprotein. It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, GSH, GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal MDA and plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic (GSH and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation (MDA), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad B. Almasaudi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagla A. El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Aymn T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Umama A. Abdel-dayem
- Animal Facility Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S. Ali
- Anatomy Department (Cytology and Histology), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology and Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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El-Shitany NA, Shaala LA, Abbas AT, Abdel-dayem UA, Azhar EI, Ali SS, van Soest RWM, Youssef DTA. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Organic Extract of the Red Sea Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria against Carrageenan Induced Rat Paw Inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138917. [PMID: 26422010 PMCID: PMC4589291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are found to be a rich source of bioactive compounds which show a wide range of biological activities including antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulator effects of the methanolic extract of the Red Sea marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria. The chemical composition of the Xestospongia testudinaria methanolic extract was determined using Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) was measured to assess the antioxidant activity of the sponge extract. Carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema was adopted in this study. Six groups of rats were used: group1: Control, group 2: Carrageenan, group 3: indomethacin (10 mg/kg), group 4-6: Xestospongia testudinaria methanolic extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity was performed by both calculating the percentage increase in paw weight and hisopathologically. Assessment of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity was performed. GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 41 different compounds present in the methanolic extract. Sponge extract exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals. Xestospongia testudinaria methanolic extract (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased % increase in paw weight measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after carrageenan injection. Histopathologically, the extract caused a marked decrease in the capillary congestion and inflammatory cells infiltrate. The extract decreased paw malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity. It also decreased the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β(IL-1β) and IL-6. The results of this study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of the methanolic extract of the Red Sea sponge Xestospongia testudinaria (100 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A. El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Shaala
- Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jedda, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymn T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Umama A. Abdel-dayem
- Animal Facility Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad S. Ali
- Anatomy Department (Cytology and Histology), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rob W. M. van Soest
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Deptartment of Marine Zoology, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diaa T. A. Youssef
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alrefaei GI, Ayuob NN, Ali SS, Al-Karim S. Effects of maternal age on the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers in the components of human umbilical cord. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2015; 53:259-71. [PMID: 26339985 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the human umbilical cord (UC) has been previously considered a medical waste, its use as a main source of fetal stem cells for regenerative medicine applications has increased over the past few years. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the maternal age on the expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) markers CD105 and CD29 in the different areas of human UC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this comparative cross sectional study, one hundred term UCs from five maternal age groups (20-45 years) were collected after delivery from healthy mothers and were processed to assess both immuno- and gene expression of CD105 and CD29 surface antigen markers using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. RESULTS The immunoexpression of CD105 and CD29 in the amniotic membrane (AM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ), the umbilical artery (UA) and the umbilical vein (UV) showed significant negative correlation with the maternal age (p < 0.001). Reduced amount of cells as well as the studied MSC markers and their gene expression levels were documented in older age mothers. CD105-positive MSCs were more abundant in the UA, whereas CD29-positive MSCs were more abundant in the AM and WJ. CONCLUSION The decreased expression of CD105 and CD29 MSCs markers with age suggests that selective isolation of MSCs from Wharton's jelly, umbilical artery or umbilical vein of younger mothers should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasra N Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Histology and Cytology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Murad HAS, Saleh HA, Abdulaziz GS, Abdulsattar MA, Ali SS. Effect of metformin and pioglitazone on β-catenin and biochemical markers in sitagliptin-induced pancreatitis in diabetic rats. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer treatment induces a metabolic syndrome, which may contribute to non-cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Metformin may abrogate these effects. Additionally, metformin has potential antineoplastic activity in various malignancies including prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review using PubMed with the keywords: AMPK, androgen deprivation therapy, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, metformin and prostate cancer was undertaken. RESULTS This overview will look at the current evidence linking ADT and metabolic syndrome while discussing ongoing clinical trials under way assessing the effectiveness of metformin in abrogating these effects. The potential antineoplastic activity of metformin, mediated by multiple proposed mechanisms based on evidence from preclinical and clinical studies, will also be elucidated in this review. CONCLUSIONS Overall available data support the potential dual benefit of metformin on ADT-induced metabolic syndrome and in its antineoplastic activity in prostate cancer, justifying the need for ongoing clinical trials to confirm these effects as the evidence currently available for standard practice is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clements
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia.
| | - B Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - S H O Yeap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - M K Y Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - S S Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Gurney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, Australia
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Rabah SO, Ali SS, Alsaggaf SM, Ayuob NN. Acute Taxol Toxicity: the Effects on Bone Marrow Mitotic Index and the Histology of Mice Hepatocytes. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2010.10539511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ali SS, Hajrah NH, Ayuob NN, Moshref SS, Abuzinadah OA. Morphological and morphometric study of cultured fibroblast from treated and untreated abnormal scar. Saudi Med J 2010; 31:874-881. [PMID: 20714684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the morphology of cultured fibroblasts derived from abnormal scars and compare it to those of human normal skin. METHODS This study was carried out in the Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2008 and March 2010. Fifty-two samples of hypertrophic and keloid scar were collected. An in vitro study was conducted in which fibroblasts from normal foreskin; abnormal scars were cultured, studied morphologically and morphometrically. RESULTS There was a highly significant increase in the length and breadth of fibroblasts from the hypertrophic and keloid scars, and highly significant decrease in the bipolarity index compared to control. There was a significant increase in the mean cell area, mean nuclear area and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of fibroblast of hypertrophic and keloid scars compared to control. There was a significant decrease in the mean cell area and mean nuclear area of the fibroblast of the treated keloid scar (with all used modalities) compared to untreated ones. Morphologically, abnormal scar fibroblasts has abundant spreading cytoplasm with numerous processes and large nuclei. The cytoplasm, of some cells, contained clumped granules in the peri-nuclear region, numerous vacuoles, and dense vesicles. CONCLUSION Morphological and morphometric study showed that hyperactive cultured fibroblasts was a characteristic feature of abnormal scars and the studied modalities of treatment reduced, but not completely nullify this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad S Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alkreathy H, Damanhouri ZA, Ahmed N, Slevin M, Ali SS, Osman AMM. Aged garlic extract protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:951-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Arshad R, Farooq S, Iqbal N, Ali SS. Mutagenic effect of acridine orange on the expression of penicillin G acylase and beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:94-101. [PMID: 16441371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present work aimed to improve the production of penicillin G acylase (PGA) and reduce the beta-lactamase activity through acridine orange (AO) induced mutation in Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS Three wild E. coli strains BDCS-N-FMu10, BDCS-N-S21 and BDCS-N-W50, producing both the enzymes PGA and beta-lactamase were treated by AO. Minimum inhibitory concentration of AO was 10 microg ml(-1) and it was noted that bacterial growth was gradually suppressed by increasing the concentration of AO from 10 to 100 microg ml(-1). The highest concentration that gave permissible growth rate was 50 microg ml(-1). The isolated survivals were screened on the bases of PGA and beta-lactamase activities. Among the retained mutants, the occurrence of beta-lactamase deficient ones (91%) was significantly higher than penicillin acylase deficient ones (27%). CONCLUSIONS In seven of the mutants, PGA activity was enhanced with considerable decrease in beta-lactamase activity. One of the mutant strains (BDCS-N-M36) exhibited very negligible expression of beta-lactamase activity and twofold increase in PGA activity [12.7 mg 6-amino-penicillanic acid (6-APA) h(-1) mg(-1) wet cells] compared with that in the wild-type strain (6.3 mg 6-APA h(-1) mg(-1) wet cells). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The treatment of E. coli cells with AO resulted in mutants with enhanced production of PGA and inactivation of beta-lactamase. These mutants could be used for industrial production of PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arshad
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Beg MA, Ali SS, Haqqee R, Khan MA, Qasim Z, Hussain R, Smego RA. Rapid immunochromatography-based detection of mixed-species malaria infection in Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36:562-4. [PMID: 16124417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the identification of mixed Plasmodium infections in four recent patients with malaria clinically refractory to empiric chloroquine therapy using the rapid antigen detection kit, NOW ICT Malaria Pf/Pv. A rapid in vitro immunodiagnostic test, the NOW ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test kit was used for the detection of circulating Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) antigens in whole blood. Peripheral blood microscopy confirmed mixed-species infection in all the cases. Thick and thin peripheral blood films were made and stained with Giemsa stain and examined by both hospital laboratory staff and an experienced parasitologist who was blinded to the results of the rapid malarial antigen tests. Four recent patients (all male; mean age, 24 years) with mixed malarial infection were identified. All the subjects were males working for an oil company in a coastal area of Pakistan, and all had been diagnosed presumptively with malaria based on clinical grounds (without microbiologic confirmation), and were treated empirically with chloroquine without clinical response. Semiquantitative malaria counts via microscopy were as follows: P. vivax, scanty (2 patients) and moderate (2 patients); for P. falciparum--scanty (1 patient), moderate (2 patients), and heavy (1 patient). The present case series, although limited by the small number of patients with proven mixed P. falciparum-P. vivax infection, highlights the usefulness of the rapid antigen test in a highly malarious region of Pakistan where chloroquine resistance is prevalent. Although there was full concordance between the results of blood smear microscopy and rapid antigen testing, these techniques are potentially most useful when there is a discrepancy with microscopy findings. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of parasites, particularly in cases of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infection, is of immense importance for individual patient management and in reducing the burden of disease, especially in regions of chloroquine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Beg
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Mekan SF, Rabbani MA, Azhar-uddin M, Ali SS. Radiocontrast nephropathy: is it dose related or not? J PAK MED ASSOC 2004; 54:372-4. [PMID: 15449920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of high dose non-ionic contrast media during a single radiological procedure in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. METHODS One hundred eighteen patients, with serum Creatinine greater than 1.3 mg/dl who were undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) were included in the study. All patients received the nonionic dye ULTRAVIST (lopromide). Serum creatinine were measured before, 48 hours and 1 week after the administration of contrast agent. An acute contrast induced reduction in renal function was defined as an increase in Serum Creatinine concentration of >=0.5 mg/dl, 48 hours after the administration of contrast agent. All patients with end stage renal disease or patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery within a week after coronary angiography or had any concomitant factors that could cause acute renal failure e.g., sepsis, hypotention, etc., were excluded. Patients receiving a dose of upto 100 ml of contrast agent (low dose group) were separated from those who received greater than 100 ml of contrast agent (high dose group). Patients in both groups had similar characteristics in terms of sex, age, weight and underlying disease. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 62.3+/-8.83 (range 40-84 years). There were 93 (78.8%) males and 25 (21.2%) females. The mean pre-contrast creatinine in the low contrast group was 1.97+/-0.92 and high dose group was 2.16+/-1.90 (p=0.48). The post-contrast Creatinine at 48 hours was 2.11+/-1.11 and 2.06+/-1.39 in the groups receiving low and high dose contrast agents respectively (p=0.830), while at 7 days post-contrast it was 2.17+/-1.28 and 1.95+/-1.43 respectively in the two groups (p=0.391). The contrast-induced reduction in renal function (rise in serum Cr >=0.5 mg/dl above base line) occurred in 14% (n=8) of patients in low dose and in 11% (n=7) in high dose contrast group (p=0.830, insignificant). CONCLUSION The results of our study confirm that high dose non-ionic contrast is not associated with increased risk of contrast-mediated nephrotoxicity in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac angiography (p=0.830, insignificant).
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Mekan
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Batra YK, Al Qattan AR, Ali SS, Qureshi MI, Kuriakose D, Migahed A. Assessment of tracheal intubating conditions in children using remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxant. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14:452-6. [PMID: 15153205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal intubation in children can be achieved by deep inhalational anaesthesia or an intravenous anaesthetic and a muscle relaxant, suxamethonium being widely used despite several side-effects. Studies have shown that oral intubation can be facilitated safely and effectively in children after induction of anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil without a muscle relaxant. Remifentanil is a new, ultra-short acting, selective mu-receptor agonist that is 20-30 times more potent than alfentanil. This clinical study was designed to assess whether combination of propofol and remifentanil could be used without a muscle relaxant to facilitate tracheal intubation in children. METHODS Forty children (5-10 years) admitted for adenotonsillectomy were randomly allocated to one of two groups to receive remifentanil 2 microg.kg(-1) (Gp I) or remifentanil 3 microg.kg(-1) (Gp II) before the induction of anaesthesia with i.v. propofol 3 mg.kg(-1). No neuromuscular blocking agent was administered. Intubating conditions were assessed using a four-point scoring system based on ease of laryngoscopy, jaw relaxation, position of vocal cords, degree of coughing and limb movement. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) measured noninvasively before induction of anaesthesia to 5 min after intubation (seven time points). RESULTS Tracheal intubation was successful in all patients without requiring neuromuscular blocking agent. Intubating conditions were clinically acceptable in 10 of 20 patients (50%) in Gp I compared with 18 of 20 patients (90%) in Gp II (P < 0.05). MAP and HR decreased in both groups after induction of anaesthesia (P < 0.01). Both HR and MAP were significantly lower in Gp II compared with Gp I after tracheal intubation (P < 0.01). No patient in the present study developed bradycardia or hypotension. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that remifentanil (3 microg.kg(-1)), administered before propofol (3 mg.kg(-1)) provides acceptable tracheal intubating conditions in children, and completely inhibited the increase in HR and MAP associated with intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Batra
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Al Sabah Hospital, Kuwait.
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Ali SS, Rabbani MA, Moinuddin SSM, Virani S, Farooque F, Salam A, Ahmad A. Maximum tolerable dose of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine in Pakistani patients with primary renal disease. J PAK MED ASSOC 2004; 54:39-42. [PMID: 15058645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunosuppressive regimens, at present, mainly rely on western guidelines that were derived from studies conducted in western populations. No such study exists for South Asian population, which is home to almost two billion people different in both genetics and environment from west. Locally derived thresholds for side effects markedly different from western figures may warrant re-adjustment of current local immunosuppressive regimens that are at present based largely on western guidelines. In order to define optimum dose for Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and Azathioprine (AZA) based immunosuppressive therapy, we conducted this study to find out maximum tolerable doses of azathioprine (AZA) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) beyond which neutropenia and thrombocytepenia are most likely to occur in patients with primary renal pathology. METHOD Patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic glomerulonephritis who were on CYC and AZA were identified through review of medical records at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan (The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi). Patients were categorized under three principal diagnosis i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary (idiopathic) glomerulonephritis (GN) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was used to calculate the maximum tolerable dose for both CYC and AZA. RESULTS We identified 94 patients aged 6-82 years (median 44.5 years) with primary renal disease (Wegener's granulomatosis n=13, Systemic lupus erythematosis n=62 and idiopathic glomerulonephritis n=19) who received CYC or AZA. Of these 94 patients, 36.2% (n=34) received CYC and 63.8% (n=60) received AZA. The mean dose of CYC was 1.54 +/- 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (range: 0.77-2.93). The mean dose of AZA was 1.64 +/- 0.59 mg/kg of body weight (range: 0.47-2.97). The maximum tolerable doses calculated for CYC and AZA were 1.25 mg/kg and 1.30 mg/kg of body weight respectively. The maximum tolerable dose for CYC and AZA among males could not be calculated, because of insufficient number of patients who developed neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The maximum tolerable doses for CYC and AZA among females were 1.34 mg/kg and 1.03 mg/kg of body weight respectively. Also we found out that AZA was relatively more likely to cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (p=0.07). CONCLUSION We thereby recommend that CYC should be initiated at a dose no more than 1 mg/kg of body weight and AZA at an initial dose of 0.75-1.0 mg/kg of body weight. The dose may be adjusted later on the basis of clinical response and laboratory reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ali
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Rabbani MA, Khan AA, Ali SS, Ahmad B, Baig SM, Khan MA, Wasay M. Spectrum of complications and mortality of bacterial meningitis: an experience from a developing country. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:580-3. [PMID: 14765936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain data on predisposing factors, causative organisms and their associated mortality and complications related to acute bacterial meningitis. METHODS The chart review of all patients in whom acute bacterial meningitis was diagnosed at The Aga Khan University Hospital from January 1995 through December 2001. RESULTS One hundred ninety-four patients were included in study. There were 146 males and 48 females. The mean age of our study population was 41 +/- 12.3 years. One hundred and ninety (97.9%) patients had community-acquired meningitis; only 4 (2.0%) patients developed meningitis nosocomially. The two most common predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (13.9%) and otitis media (7.7%) among all 194 patients. A significant proportion of patients with complications had diabetes mellitus (24.6%, p < 0.001). CSF and blood cultures were positive in 53 (27.3%) and 42 (21.6%) patients respectively; there was no statistical difference found. The most common organisms isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 35 (36.8%) patients followed by Neisseria meningitides in 30 (31.5%) patients. Approximately 68% of positive cultures yielded S. pneumoniae and N. meningitides (p < 0.0001). The overall mortality rate was 22.1%. The mortality rate for Streptococcus pneumoniae was 17.1%. The highest mortality was observed in patients with Pseudomonal meningitis where all four patients expired followed by mortality rate of 85.7% in Escherichia coli afflicted patients (p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 73 (37.6%) patients with persistent complications in 31 (42.4%) patients. Complications resolved in 34 (46.5%) patients. The most common complications were seizures (12.8%) and cranial nerve palsies (11.3%). Seizures were more likely to occur in older patients (p < 0.05) whereas hydrocephalus was more common in younger patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bacterial Meningitis remains a serious disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Most cases are community acquired with S. Pneumoniae being the most common pathogen. Old age, diabetes mellitus, a positive culture, seizures as a complication and late stage in the disease are the important predictors of a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi
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Ali SS, Rabbani F, Siddiqui UN, Zaidi AH, Sophie A, Virani SJ, Younus NA. Tuberculosis: do we know enough? A study of patients and their families in an out-patient hospital setting in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:1052-8. [PMID: 14598964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING In Pakistan approximately 5.7 million people suffer from tuberculosis, with 260 000 new cases occurring every year. This study was conducted in an outpatient hospital setting in Karachi. OBJECTIVE To explore the level of awareness about tuberculosis amongst patients and their families, and recommend strategies for increasing understanding of the disease. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey based on a structured questionnaire using convenience sampling. RESULTS Of the 203 patients interviewed, 131 were males. Nearly 82% knew that tuberculosis is contagious and 78% were aware that lungs are commonly affected. Almost half knew that it spreads by droplets and causes cough and that treatment is long and costly. With regard to commonly affected age and sex, however, respectively only 43% and 23% had the correct knowledge. Less than one third could identify appropriate risk factors and ways to cure and limit spread. Almost half considered tuberculosis to be a social stigma. Media emerged as the main source of information. Respondents with more than 12 years of formal education were more likely to have better knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Further population-based studies are recommended. Misconceptions about tuberculosis need to be removed through focused health education messages. The importance of complete and appropriate treatment needs to be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ali
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Khan G, Ali SS, Fatimi SH. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt for cyanotic heart disease: surgical experience from a developing country. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:506-9. [PMID: 14696898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for palliation of complex cyanotic congenital heart disease is widely recognized. This study was conducted to highlight our surgical experience with this procedure in a developing country. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using medical records at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Clinical findings at presentation, anatomical defects seen on transthoracic echocardiography, pre-operative McGoon index, cardiopulmonary bypass time, use of cardioplegia, post-procedure oxygen saturations and complications were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 8 patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. There were 6 males (75%) and 2 females (25%). Ages and weights at operation averaged 5.7 +/- 3.7 years (range 2-14 years) and 18.6 +/- 10.4 kg (range 8.5-35.5 kg) respectively. The most common symptoms were the presence of cyanosis in all (100%) patients followed by recurrent respiratory tract infections in 3 (37.5%) patients. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed 6 (75%) patients with atrial septal defects, 5 (62.5%) with tricuspid atresia, 3 (37.5%) with ventricular septal defects, 3 (37.5%) with malposition of great vessels, 2 (25%) with pulmonary stenosis and 2 (25%) with double inlet left ventricles. The mean pre-procedure McGoon index was 2.1 +/- 0.5 (range 1.37-2.80). All patients received cardioplegia. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all patients for a mean time of 154.1 +/- 83.6 minutes (range 60-298 minutes). All patients were ventilated for a mean period of 1.5 +/- 0.7 days (range 1-3 days). The ICU stay was 3.0 +/- 0.6 days (range 2-5 days) with a total hospital stay of 9.8 +/- 3.8 days (range 7-18 days). The mean post-procedure oxygen saturation was 82.6 +/- 3.5% (range 76-86%). The most common post-operative complication was supraventricular arrhythmia in 2 (25.0%) patients. There were no intra-operative or early (within 7 days of procedure) deaths. One patient developed pulmonary artery hypertension and died 23 months later due to cardiac arrest. CONCLUSION Patients tolerated the procedure well. After a mean follow-up of 10 months, 6 patients were assessed to be in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I and one patient in NYHA class II. Clinical and post-procedural data gathered from our experience confirms the safety of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
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Alam M, Akhtar YN, Ali SS, Ahmed M, Atiq M, Ansari A, Chaudhry FA, Bashir H, Bangash MA, Awais A, Safdar A, Hasnain SF, Zafar A. Seasonal variation in bacterial pathogens isolated from stool samples in Karachi, Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:125-9. [PMID: 12779031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the seasonal variation of the commonly isolated bacterial pathogens in stool samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective descriptive study was undertaken of all the stool samples submitted from within Karachi to the Aga Khan University Hospital Laboratory over a period of five years (January 1997- December 2001) in order to determine the commonly isolated bacterial pathogens and to predict their seasonal variation. RESULTS A total of 16379 stool samples were included in this review. Bacterial isolates were found in 6670 stool samples (culture detection rate=40.7%). The mean age at the time of culture of each sub-group was < or = 1 year group (6.58 +/- 3.1 months), 1-5 years (2.13 +/- 0.94 years), 5-14 years (8.3 +/- 2.6 yrs) and adults (43.2 +/- 18.5 years). Male: Female ratio was 1.2:1. Vibrio cholera 01 Ogawa (32.8%), Campylobacter jejuni (17.3%), Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (9.9%), Salmonella paratyphi b (6.6%) and Shigella flexneri (6.2%) were the most common organisms isolated. These organisms show a distinct seasonal variation with summer predilection. CONCLUSION In contrast to the previous studies from South Asia, which have identified E. coil, followed by Vibrio cholerae as the most common enteric isolates, we found Vibrio cholera 01 Ogawa followed by Campylobacter jejuni as the most common enteric pathogens isolated in an urban setting. It is important to consider seasonal variation when empirically treating diarrheal diseases in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alam
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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