51
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Hagenbeek FA, Roetman PJ, Pool R, Kluft C, Harms AC, van Dongen J, Colins OF, Talens S, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Vandenbosch MMLJZ, de Zeeuw EL, Déjean S, Fanos V, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Hottenga JJ, Hankemeier T, Bartels M, Vermeiren RRJM, Boomsma DI. Urinary Amine and Organic Acid Metabolites Evaluated as Markers for Childhood Aggression: The ACTION Biomarker Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32296350 PMCID: PMC7138132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are of interest as potential diagnostic and predictive instruments in personalized medicine. We present the first urinary metabolomics biomarker study of childhood aggression. We aim to examine the association of urinary metabolites and neurotransmitter ratios involved in key metabolic and neurotransmitter pathways in a large cohort of twins (N = 1,347) and clinic-referred children (N = 183) with an average age of 9.7 years. This study is part of ACTION (Aggression in Children: Unraveling gene-environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies), in which we developed a standardized protocol for large-scale collection of urine samples in children. Our analytical design consisted of three phases: a discovery phase in twins scoring low or high on aggression (N = 783); a replication phase in twin pairs discordant for aggression (N = 378); and a validation phase in clinical cases and matched twin controls (N = 367). In the discovery phase, 6 biomarkers were significantly associated with childhood aggression, of which the association of O-phosphoserine (β = 0.36; SE = 0.09; p = 0.004), and gamma-L-glutamyl-L-alanine (β = 0.32; SE = 0.09; p = 0.01) remained significant after multiple testing. Although non-significant, the directions of effect were congruent between the discovery and replication analyses for six biomarkers and two neurotransmitter ratios and the concentrations of 6 amines differed between low and high aggressive twins. In the validation analyses, the top biomarkers and neurotransmitter ratios, with congruent directions of effect, showed no significant associations with childhood aggression. We find suggestive evidence for associations of childhood aggression with metabolic dysregulation of neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Although replication is required, our findings provide starting points to investigate causal and pleiotropic effects of these dysregulations on childhood aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A. Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Roetman
- Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Amy C. Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olivier F. Colins
- Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Eveline L. de Zeeuw
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Toulouse Mathematics Institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erik A. Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Gareth E. Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren
- Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase and γ-glutamyl transferase as differential enzymatic sources of γ-glutamylpeptides in mice. Amino Acids 2020; 52:555-566. [PMID: 32170467 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some γ-glutamylpeptides in blood plasma are putative biomarkers for pathological conditions of the liver. γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) are two such potential enzymes that are responsible for the production of γ-glutamylpeptides. GGT produces γ-glutamylpeptides by transferring the γ-glutamyl moiety from glutathione to an amino acid or a peptide. γ-GCS normally catalyzes the production of γ-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine in the glutathione-synthesizing reaction, but other amino acids can also serve as an acceptor of a γ-glutamyl group, thus resulting in the formation of a variety of γ-glutamylpeptides. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we observed differences in the distribution of γ-glutamylpeptides between the liver and kidney and were able to measure the activities of γ-GCS as well as the GGT reactions by quantifying the resulting γ-glutamylpeptides. The enzymatic characterization of γ-GCS in liver homogenates indicated that several γ-glutamylpeptides including γ-glutamyltaurine are actually produced. Cys showed the lowest Km value (0.06 mM) while other amino acids had much higher Km values (ranging from 21 to 1800 mM). The moderate Km values for these amino acids suggest that they were not the preferred amino acids in this conversion but were utilized as acceptor substrates for the production of the corresponding γ-glutamylpeptides by the γ-GCS reaction under Cys-deficient conditions. Thus, the production of these γ-glutamylpeptides by γ-GCS is directly correlated with a low Cys content, suggesting that their measurement in blood plasma could be useful for predicting the presymptomatic disease state of the liver with a defect in GSH redox balance.
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53
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Host Cells in Response to Enteroviral Infection. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020473. [PMID: 32085644 PMCID: PMC7072837 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and China. We have previously shown that EV71 virus causes functional changes in mitochondria. It is speculative whether EV71 virus alters the host cell metabolism to its own benefit. Using a metabolomics approach, we demonstrate that EV71-infected Vero cells had significant changes in metabolism. Glutathione and its related metabolites, and several amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, changed significantly with the infectious dose of virus. Other pathways, including glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, were also altered. A change in glutamine/glutamate metabolism is critical to the viral infection. The presence of glutamine in culture medium was associated with an increase in viral replication. Dimethyl α-ketoglutarate treatment partially mimicked the effect of glutamine supplementation. In addition, the immunoblot analysis revealed that the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and trifunctional carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) increased during infection. Knockdown of expression of glutaminase (GLS), GDH and CAD drastically reduced the cytopathic effect (CPE) and viral replication. Furthermore, we found that CAD bound VP1 to promote the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Our findings suggest that virus may induce metabolic reprogramming of host cells to promote its replication through interactions between viral and host cell proteins.
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54
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Associations between adipose tissue volume and small molecules in plasma and urine among asymptomatic subjects from the general population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1487. [PMID: 32001750 PMCID: PMC6992585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A disproportional accumulation of fat at visceral (VAT) compared to subcutaneous sites (SAT) has been suspected as a key detrimental event. We used non-targeted metabolomics profiling to reveal metabolic pathways associated with higher VAT or SAT amount among subjects free of metabolic diseases to identify possible contributing metabolic pathways. The study population comprised 491 subjects [mean (standard deviation): age 44.6 yrs (13.0), body mass index 25.4 kg/m² (3.6), 60.1% females] without diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, the metabolic syndrome or impaired renal function. We associated MRI-derived fat amounts with mass spectrometry-derived metabolites in plasma and urine using linear regression models adjusting for major confounders. We tested for sex-specific effects using interactions terms and performed sensitivity analyses for the influence of insulin resistance on the results. VAT and SAT were significantly associated with 155 (101 urine) and 49 (29 urine) metabolites, respectively, of which 45 (27 urine) were common to both. Major metabolic pathways were branched-chain amino acid metabolism (partially independent of insulin resistance), surrogate markers of oxidative stress and gut microbial diversity, and cortisol metabolism. We observed a novel positive association between VAT and plasma levels of the potential pharmacological agent piperine. Sex-specific effects were only a few, e.g. the female-specific association between VAT and O-methylascorbate. In brief, higher VAT was associated with an unfavorable metabolite profile in a sample of healthy, mostly non-obese individuals from the general population and only few sex-specific associations became apparent.
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55
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Veyel D, Wenger K, Broermann A, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Krawczyk B, Rist W, Simon E. Biomarker discovery for chronic liver diseases by multi-omics - a preclinical case study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1314. [PMID: 31992752 PMCID: PMC6987209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis with increasing prevalence worldwide. Currently there are no approved drugs available. The development of new therapies is difficult as diagnosis and staging requires biopsies. Consequently, predictive plasma biomarkers would be useful for drug development. Here we present a multi-omics approach to characterize the molecular pathophysiology and to identify new plasma biomarkers in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet rat NASH model. We analyzed liver samples by RNA-Seq and proteomics, revealing disease relevant signatures and a high correlation between mRNA and protein changes. Comparison to human data showed an overlap of inflammatory, metabolic, and developmental pathways. Using proteomics analysis of plasma we identified mainly secreted proteins that correlate with liver RNA and protein levels. We developed a multi-dimensional attribute ranking approach integrating multi-omics data with liver histology and prior knowledge uncovering known human markers, but also novel candidates. Using regression analysis, we show that the top-ranked markers were highly predictive for fibrosis in our model and hence can serve as preclinical plasma biomarkers. Our approach presented here illustrates the power of multi-omics analyses combined with plasma proteomics and is readily applicable to human biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veyel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wenger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Krawczyk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Computational Biology, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany.
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56
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Potential osteomyelitis biomarkers identified by plasma metabolome analysis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:839. [PMID: 31964942 PMCID: PMC6972943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis, which often arises from a surgical-site infection, is a serious problem in orthopaedic surgery. However, there are no specific biomarkers for osteomyelitis. Here, to identify specific plasma biomarkers for osteomyelitis, we conducted metabolome analyses using a mouse osteomyelitis model and bioluminescence imaging. We divided adult male pathogen-free BALB/C mice into control, sham-control, and infected groups. In the infected group, a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain was inoculated into the femur, and osteomyelitis was detected by bioluminescence imaging. We next analysed the metabolome, by comprehensively measuring all of the small molecules. This analysis identified 279 metabolites, 12 of which were significantly higher and 45 were significantly lower in the infected group than in the sham-control and control groups. Principal component analysis identified sphingosine as the highest loading factor. Several acyl carnitines and fatty acids, particularly ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were significantly lower in the infected group. Several metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were lower in the infected group than in the other groups. Thus, we identified two sphingolipids, sphinganine and sphingosine, as positive biomarkers for mouse osteomyelitis, and two components in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, two-oxoglutarate and succinic acid, as negative biomarkers.
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57
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Lercher A, Bhattacharya A, Popa AM, Caldera M, Schlapansky MF, Baazim H, Agerer B, Gürtl B, Kosack L, Májek P, Brunner JS, Vitko D, Pinter T, Genger JW, Orlova A, Pikor N, Reil D, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Kalinke U, Ludewig B, Moriggl R, Bennett KL, Menche J, Cheng PN, Schabbauer G, Trauner M, Klavins K, Bergthaler A. Type I Interferon Signaling Disrupts the Hepatic Urea Cycle and Alters Systemic Metabolism to Suppress T Cell Function. Immunity 2019; 51:1074-1087.e9. [PMID: 31784108 PMCID: PMC6926485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz F Schlapansky
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gürtl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theresa Pinter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Reil
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvár-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul N Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Plasma metabolomics in tuberculosis patients with and without concurrent type 2 diabetes at diagnosis and during antibiotic treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18669. [PMID: 31822686 PMCID: PMC6904442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a major TB risk factor, are both accompanied by marked alterations in metabolic processes. Dissecting the specific metabolic changes induced by disease through metabolomics has shown potential to improve our understanding of relevant pathophysiological mechanisms of disease, which could lead to improved treatment. Targeted tandem liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to compare amine and acylcarnitine levels in plasma samples of patients with TB or TB-DM from Indonesia at time of diagnosis and during antibiotic treatment. Partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) showed good separation of patient groups. Amine levels were strongly altered in both disease groups compared to healthy controls, including low concentrations of citrulline and ornithine. Several amino acid ratios discriminated TB from controls (phenylalanine/histidine; citrulline/arginine; kynurenine/tryptophan), possibly reflecting changes in indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Choline, glycine, serine, threonine and homoserine levels were lower in TB-DM compared to TB, and, in contrast to other analytes, did not normalize to healthy control levels during antibiotic treatment. Our results not only provide important validation of previous studies but also identify novel biomarkers, and significantly enhance our understanding of metabolic changes in human TB and TB-DM.
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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60
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Metabolic Signature of Hepatic Fibrosis: From Individual Pathways to Systems Biology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111423. [PMID: 31726658 PMCID: PMC6912636 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as it ultimately leads to cirrhosis, which is estimated to affect up to 2% of the global population. Hepatic fibrosis is confirmed by liver biopsy, and the erroneous nature of this technique necessitates the search for noninvasive alternatives. However, current biomarker algorithms for hepatic fibrosis have many limitations. Given that the liver is the largest organ and a major metabolic hub in the body, probing the metabolic signature of hepatic fibrosis holds promise for the discovery of new markers and therapeutic targets. Regarding individual metabolic pathways, accumulating evidence shows that hepatic fibrosis leads to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, as aerobic glycolysis is aggravated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the whole fibrotic liver; in amino acid metabolism, as Fischer’s ratio (branched-chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids) decreases in patients with hepatic fibrosis; and in lipid metabolism, as HSCs lose vitamin A-containing lipid droplets during transdifferentiation, and cirrhotic patients have decreased serum lipids. The current review also summarizes recent findings of metabolic alterations relevant to hepatic fibrosis based on systems biology approaches, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in vitro, in animal models and in humans.
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61
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Piovesana S, Cerrato A, Antonelli M, Benedetti B, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Montone CM, Laganà A. A clean-up strategy for identification of circulating endogenous short peptides in human plasma by zwitterionic hydrophilic liquid chromatography and untargeted peptidomics identification. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1613:460699. [PMID: 31767259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides, namely di- tri- and tetra peptides, have been proven to play an important diagnostic role in several diseases. Therefore, the development of an analytical approach for their detection and identification is nowadays an important research goal. This paper describes an analytical procedure able to overcome the issues of short peptide isolation, clean-up and identification in plasma samples. Four different protocols were compared and tested to maximize both recovery and total number of identifications of short circulating plasma endogenous peptides. The purified peptides, coming from the four different tested protocols, were separated by zwitterionic hydrophilic liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with the purpose of accomplishing an untargeted investigation based on suspect screening for short peptides in plasma. In particular, the use of Phree™ Phospholipid removal cartridge in combination with a purification step by solid phase extraction on a graphitized carbon black sorbent allowed the identification of the largest number of amino acid sequences (91 short peptides). The clean-up procedure allowed to tackle the issue of the low abundance of such peptides and their suppression during mass-spectrometric analysis. The results indicated that sample preparation is therefore fundamental for short peptide analysis in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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62
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Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Gil-Solsona R, Estensoro I, Piazzon MC, Martos-Sitcha JA, Picard-Sánchez A, Fuentes J, Sancho JV, Calduch-Giner JA, Hernández F, Pérez-Sánchez J. Disruption of gut integrity and permeability contributes to enteritis in a fish-parasite model: a story told from serum metabolomics. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:486. [PMID: 31619276 PMCID: PMC6796429 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the animal production sector, enteritis is responsible for serious economic losses, and intestinal parasitism is a major stress factor leading to malnutrition and lowered performance and animal production efficiency. The effect of enteric parasites on the gut function of teleost fish, which represent the most ancient bony vertebrates, is far from being understood. The intestinal myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei dwells between gut epithelial cells and causes severe enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), anorexia, cachexia, growth impairment, reduced marketability and increased mortality. Methods This study aimed to outline the gut failure in this fish-parasite model using a multifaceted approach and to find and validate non-lethal serum markers of gut barrier dysfunction. Intestinal integrity was studied in parasitized and non-parasitized fish by immunohistochemistry with specific markers for cellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and tight junctions (Tjp1 and Cldn3) and by functional studies of permeability (oral administration of FITC-dextran) and electrophysiology (Ussing chambers). Serum samples from parasitized and non-parasitized fish were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics and some significantly altered metabolites were selected to be validated using commercial kits. Results The immunodetection of Tjp1 and Cldn3 was significantly lower in the intestine of parasitized fish, while no strong differences were found in E-cadherin. Parasitized fish showed a significant increase in paracellular uptake measured by FITC-dextran detection in serum. Electrophysiology showed a decrease in transepithelial resistance in infected animals, which showed a diarrheic profile. Serum metabolomics revealed 3702 ions, from which the differential expression of 20 identified compounds significantly separated control from infected groups in multivariate analyses. Of these compounds, serum inosine (decreased) and creatine (increased) were identified as relevant and validated with commercial kits. Conclusions The results demonstrate the disruption of tight junctions and the loss of gut barrier function, a metabolomic profile of absorption dysfunction and anorexia, which further outline the pathophysiological effects of E. leei.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. .,Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cádiz, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Amparo Picard-Sánchez
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan Vicente Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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63
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Saoi M, Sasaki K, Sagawa H, Abe K, Kogiso T, Tokushige K, Hashimoto E, Ohashi Y, Britz-McKibbin P. High Throughput Screening of Serum γ-Glutamyl Dipeptides for Risk Assessment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Impaired Glutathione Salvage Pathway. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:2689-2699. [PMID: 31483669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common preventable chronic liver disorder in developed countries, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide due to its association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the exact mechanisms of NAFLD pathophysiology remain poorly understood including its progression to the more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). New advances for early detection and monitoring of NASH progression are limited due to the lack of specific blood biomarkers, thus requiring invasive liver biopsies for histopathology. Herein, multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS/MS) is validated as a high throughput, robust, and quantitative platform for targeted analysis of a panel of 16 serum γ-glutamyl dipeptides from a cohort of NASH adult patients from Japan (median age = 53 years, median BMI = 27 kg/m2, n = 116). Multiplexed separations based on MSI-CE-MS/MS enable the design of unique data workflows that rely on customizable serial sample injection formats for accurate determination of γ-glutamyl dipeptides with quality control. Also, the introduction of a liquid coolant device to the capillary outlet improves long-term migration time stability in CE. Unsupervised pattern recognition methods revealed two distinctive NASH subgroups based on their contrasting γ-glutamyl dipeptide status despite patients having similar clinical phenotypes and NASH activity scores (median NAS ≈ 6.0). There was an inverse correlation between serum γ-glutamyl dipeptide concentrations and γ-glutamyltransferease (GGT) enzyme activity (r = -0.46; p = 2.5 × 10-7), which was indicative of a low-risk (n = 64) as compared to a high-risk (n = 52) patient subgroup with impaired glutathione salvage pathway and likely poor clinical prognosis. Our findings highlight the key role of defects in the γ-glutamyl cycle for differentiation of NASH patients, which may enable better risk assessment of long-term survivorship as a complement to standard liver enzyme screens and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saoi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sagawa
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kaori Abe
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kogiso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ohashi
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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64
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Gamma glutamyl peptides: The food source, enzymatic synthesis, kokumi-active and the potential functional properties – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Li J, Li J, Wang H, Qi LW, Zhu Y, Lai M. Tyrosine and Glutamine-Leucine Are Metabolic Markers of Early-Stage Colorectal Cancers. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:257-259.e5. [PMID: 30885779 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- The Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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66
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Capel F, Bongard V, Malpuech-Brugère C, Karoly E, Michelotti GA, Rigaudière JP, Jouve C, Ferrières J, Marmonier C, Sébédio JL. Metabolomics reveals plausible interactive effects between dairy product consumption and metabolic syndrome in humans. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1497-1509. [PMID: 31279616 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) induces major disturbances in plasma metabolome, reflecting abnormalities of several metabolic pathways. Recent evidences have demonstrated that the consumption of dairy products may protect from MetS, but the mechanisms remains unknown. The present study aimed at identify how the consumption of different types of dairy products could modify the changes in plasma metabolome during MetS. METHODS In this observational study, we analyzed how the consumption of dairy products could modify the perturbations in the plasma metabolome induced by MetS in a sample of 298 participants (61 with MetS) from the French MONA LISA survey. Metabolomic profiling was analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Subjects with MetS exhibited major changes in plasma metabolome. Significant differences in plasma levels of branched chain amino acids, gamma-glutamyl amino acids, and metabolites from arginine and proline metabolism were observed between healthy control and Mets subjects. Plasma levels of many lipid species were increased with MetS (mono- and diacylglycerols, eicosanoids, lysophospholipids and lysoplasmalogens), with corresponding decreases in short chain fatty acids and plasmalogens. The consumption of dairy products, notably with a low fat content (milk and fresh dairy products), altered metabolite profiles in plasma from MetS subjects. Specifically, increasing consumption of dairy products promoted accumulation of plasma C15:0 fatty acid and was inversely associated to some circulating lysophospholipids, sphingolipids, gamma-glutamyl amino acids, leukotriene B4 and lysoplasmalogens. CONCLUSIONS the consumption of low fat dairy products could mitigate some of the variations induced by MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Capel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Vanina Bongard
- Département d'Epidémiologie, Economie de la Santé et Santé Publique, Université Toulouse 3, Service d'Epidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Toulouse 3, France
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edward Karoly
- Metabolon Inc, 617 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Jean Paul Rigaudière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chrystèle Jouve
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Département d'Epidémiologie, Economie de la Santé et Santé Publique, Université Toulouse 3, Service d'Epidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Toulouse 3, France; Fédération de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Marmonier
- Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL), 75009, Paris, France
| | - Jean Louis Sébédio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Hu DD, Zhao Q, Cheng Y, Xiao XR, Huang JF, Qu Y, Li X, Tang YM, Bao WM, Yang JH, Jiang T, Hu JP, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. The Protective Roles of PPARα Activation in Triptolide-induced Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:1-12. [PMID: 31241159 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), one of the main active ingredients in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is clinically used to treat immune diseases but is known to cause liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomarkers for TP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and to determine potential mechanisms of its liver injury. LC/MS-based metabolomics was used to determine the metabolites that were changed in TP-induced liver injury. The accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in serum indicated that TP exposure disrupted endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling. TP-induced liver injury could be alleviated by treatment of mice with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate, while the PPARα antagonist GW6471 increased hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, fenofibrate did not protect Ppara-/- mice from TP-induced liver injury, suggesting an essential role for the PPARα in the protective effect of fenofibrate. Elevated long-chain acylcarnitines may protect TP-induced liver injury through activation of the NOTCH-NRF2 pathway as revealed in primary mouse hepatocytes and in vivo. In agreement with these observations in mice, the increase of long-chain acylcarnitines was observed in the serum of patients with cholestatic liver injury compared to heathy volunteers. These data demonstrated the role of PPARα and long-chain acylcarnitines in TP-induced hepatotoxicity, and suggest that modulation of PPARα may protect against drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Yunnan Provincial 1st People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Peng Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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68
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Untargeted metabolomic profiling of urine from healthy dogs and dogs with chronic hepatic disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217797. [PMID: 31150490 PMCID: PMC6544284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatic disease can present a diagnostic challenge with different etiologies being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. The histopathological assessment of a liver biopsy specimen is usually required in order to make a definitive diagnosis and the availability of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers is limited. The emerging science of metabolomics is used to detect changes in endogenous low molecular weight metabolites in biological samples and offers the possibility of identifying noninvasive markers of disease. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the urine metabolome between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Stored urine samples from 10 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with chronic hepatitis, 6 dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 5 dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt were analyzed. The urine metabolome was analyzed by gas chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and 220 known metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering between groups. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including putrescine, gluconic acid, sorbitol, and valine. Based on univariate statistics, 37 metabolites were significantly different between groups. In, conclusion, the urine metabolome varies between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to assess their diagnostic utility.
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69
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Silvestre R, Torrado E. Metabolomic-Based Methods in Diagnosis and Monitoring Infection Progression. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2019; 109:283-315. [PMID: 30535603 PMCID: PMC7124096 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A robust biomarker screening and validation is crucial for overcoming the current limits in the clinical management of infectious diseases. In this chapter, a general workflow for metabolomics is summarized. Subsequently, an overview of the major contributions of this omics science to the field of biomarkers of infectious diseases is discussed. Different approaches using a variety of analytical platforms can be distinguished to unveil the key metabolites for the diagnosis, prognosis, response to treatment and susceptibility for infectious diseases. To allow the implementation of such biomarkers into the clinics, the performance of large-scale studies employing solid validation criteria becomes essential. Focusing on the etiological agents and after an extensive review of the field, we present a comprehensive revision of the main metabolic biomarkers of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Finally, we discussed several articles which show the strongest validation criteria. Following these research avenues, precious clinical resources will be revealed, allowing for reduced misdiagnosis, more efficient therapies, and affordable costs, ultimately leading to a better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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70
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Kobayashi S, Tokairin Y, Miyakoshi T, Saito T, Nagaoka K, Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Konno H. Quantitative analysis of γ-glutamylpeptides by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and application for γ-glutamyltransferase assays. Anal Biochem 2019; 578:13-22. [PMID: 31059677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamylpeptides are largely produced via the action of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase or γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT transfers the γ-glutamyl moiety from glutathione (GSH) and other γ-glutamyl compounds to amino acids, peptides, or water. A conventional GGT assay employs a synthetic donor substrate, which facilitates monitoring cleavage activity by means of colorimetric analyses but provides no information on the resulting γ-glutamylpeptides. In this study, we report on the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantitatively measure the levels of 21 γ-glutamylpeptides including GSH and 45 amino acids, including Cys. Authentic compounds consisting of 17 chemically synthesized and commercially available 4 γ-glutamylpeptides were adopted as references. We applied this method to the characterization of γ-glutamylpeptides in blood plasma and livers of mice that had been treated with an overdose of acetaminophen. The established LC-MS-based assay was found to be useful for characterizing the γ-glutamylation reaction under in vivo and in vitro conditions and was clearly helpful for understanding the physiological significance of the production of γ-glutamylpeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokairin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takeru Miyakoshi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Nagaoka
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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Reverter E, Lozano JJ, Alonso C, Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Turon F, Baiges A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Mato JM, Martínez-Arranz I, La Mura V, Hernández-Gea V, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Metabolomics discloses potential biomarkers to predict the acute HVPG response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int 2019; 39:705-713. [PMID: 30637923 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cirrhosis, a decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) > 10% after acute iv propranolol (HVPG response) is associated with a lower risk of decompensation and death. Only a part of patients are HVPG responders and there are no accurate non-invasive markers to identify them. We aimed at discovering metabolomic biomarkers of HVPG responders to propranolol. METHODS Sixty-six patients with cirrhosis and HVPG ≥ 10 mm Hg in whom the acute HVPG response to propranolol was assessed, were prospectively included. A targeted metabolomic serum analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was performed. Different combinations of 2-3 metabolites identifying HVPG responders (HVPG reduction > 10%) were obtained by stepwise logistic regression. The best of these model (AUROC, Akaike criterion) underwent internal cross-validation and cut-offs to classify responders/non-responders was proposed. RESULTS A total of 41/66 (62%) patients were HVPG responders. Three hundred and eighty-nine metabolites were detected and 177 were finally eligible. Eighteen metabolites were associated to the HVPG response at univariate analysis; at multivariable analysis, a model including a phosphatidylcholine (PC(P-16:0/22:6)) and a free fatty acid (20:2(n-6), eicosadienoic acid) performed well for HVPG response, with an AUROC of 0.801 (0.761 at internal validation). The cut-off 0.629 was the most efficient for overall classification (49/66 patients correctly classified). Two cut-off values allowed identifying responders (0.688, PPV 84%) and non-responders (0.384, NPV 82%) with undetermined values for 17/66 patients. Clinical variables did not add to the model. CONCLUSIONS The combination of two metabolites helps at identifying HVPG responders to acute propranolol. It could be a useful non-invasive test to classify the HVPG response to propranolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Reverter
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Seijo
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Turon
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baiges
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari L Martínez-Chantar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M Mato
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Vincenzo La Mura
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C García-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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72
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Li J, Zhao Y, Huang C, Chen Z, Shi X, Li L, Chen Z, Li X. Serum metabolomic analysis of the effect of exercise on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:299-308. [PMID: 30822271 PMCID: PMC6432873 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise benefits people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers and to provide the possible mechanism for the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients via an untargeted mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics study. METHODS NAFLD patients were classified randomly into a control group (n = 74) and a 6-month vigorous exercise (n = 68) group. Differences in serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to validate the differences between these two groups, and altered metabolites were obtained by ANOVA (fold change >2, P < 0.05) and identified with the online database Metlin and an in-house database. RESULTS Metabolic profiling and multiple statistical analyses of the serum samples indicated significant differences between the NAFLD patients in the control and the 6-month vigorous exercise groups. Finally, 36 metabolites were identified between the control vs exercise groups. These metabolites were mainly associated with glycerophospholipid- and sphingolipid-related pathways. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid alterations may contribute to the mechanism underlying the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients. A LC-MS-based metabolomics approach has a potential value for screening exercise-induced biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Chen or X Li: or
| | - Xuejun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Chen or X Li: or
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73
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Zhou JH, Cai JJ, She ZG, Li HL. Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1307-1326. [PMID: 30918425 PMCID: PMC6429343 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i11.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of individuals with diabetes and obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prevalent, affecting one-quarter of adults worldwide. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD, especially NASH, may progress to fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD can impose a severe economic burden, and patients with NAFLD-related terminal or deteriorative liver diseases have become one of the main groups receiving liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD and the severe outcomes of NASH make it necessary to use effective methods to identify NAFLD. Although recognized as the gold standard, biopsy is limited by its sampling bias, poor acceptability, and severe complications, such as mortality, bleeding, and pain. Therefore, noninvasive methods are urgently needed to avoid biopsy for diagnosing NAFLD. This review discusses the current noninvasive methods for assessing NAFLD, including steatosis, NASH, and NAFLD-related fibrosis, and explores the advantages and disadvantages of measurement tools. In addition, we analyze potential noninvasive biomarkers for tracking disease processes and monitoring treatment effects, and explore effective algorithms consisting of imaging and nonimaging biomarkers for diagnosing advanced fibrosis and reducing unnecessary biopsies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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74
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Lawrence YA, Bishop MA, Honneffer JB, Cook AK, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Lidbury JA. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from dogs with chronic hepatic disease. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1344-1352. [PMID: 30891842 PMCID: PMC6524095 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatopathies present a diagnostic challenge, with different diseases being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Characterization of dogs with chronic hepatopathies can be difficult and require costly diagnostic procedures such as acquisition of a liver biopsy specimen. Noninvasive and inexpensive biomarkers that reliably characterize chronic hepatopathies such as chronic hepatitis or a congenital portosystemic vascular anomaly may decrease the need for costly or invasive diagnostic testing and guide novel therapeutic interventions. Objective To investigate differences in the serum metabolome among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis. Animals Stored serum samples from 12 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and 6 dogs with chronic hepatitis were analyzed. Methods The serum metabolome was analyzed with an untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Results Principal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering among individuals in each group. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including increased aromatic amino acids and xylitol in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Based on the univariate statistics, 50 metabolites were significantly different among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The serum metabolome varies among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis. Statistical analysis identified several metabolites that differentiated healthy dogs from dogs with vascular or parenchymal liver disease. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to confirm their diagnostic reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Lawrence
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Micah A Bishop
- Wave Veterinary Internal Medicine of Southwest Florida, Naples, Florida
| | - Julia B Honneffer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Audrey K Cook
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Matsui T, Liu YF, Soya M, Shima T, Soya H. Tyrosine as a Mechanistic-Based Biomarker for Brain Glycogen Decrease and Supercompensation With Endurance Exercise in Rats: A Metabolomics Study of Plasma. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:200. [PMID: 30941004 PMCID: PMC6433992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glycogen, localized in astrocytes, produces lactate as an energy source and/or a signal factor to serve neuronal functions involved in memory formation and exercise endurance. In rodents, 4 weeks of chronic moderate exercise-enhancing endurance and cognition increases brain glycogen in the hippocampus and cortex, which is an adaption of brain metabolism achieved through exercise. Although this brain adaptation is likely induced due to the accumulation of acute endurance exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation, its molecular mechanisms and biomarkers are unidentified. Since noradrenaline synthesized from blood-borne tyrosine activates not only glycogenolysis but also glycogenesis in astrocytes, we hypothesized that blood tyrosine is a mechanistic-based biomarker of acute exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation. To test this hypothesis, we used a rat model of endurance exercise, a microwave irradiation for accurate detection of glycogen in the brain (the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus), and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry–based metabolomics to observe the comprehensive metabolic profile of the blood. Endurance exercise induced fatigue factors such as a decrease in blood glucose, an increase in blood lactate, and the depletion of muscle glycogen, but those parameters recovered to basal levels within 6 h after exercise. Brain glycogen decreased during endurance exercise and showed supercompensation within 6 h after exercise. Metabolomics detected 186 metabolites in the plasma, and 110 metabolites changed significantly during and following exhaustive exercise. Brain glycogen levels correlated negatively with plasma glycogenic amino acids (serine, proline, threonine, glutamate, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) (r < −0.9). This is the first study to produce a broad picture of plasma metabolite changes due to endurance exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation. Our findings suggest that plasma glycogenic amino acids are sensitive indicators of brain glycogen levels in endurance exercise. In particular, plasma tyrosine as a precursor of brain noradrenaline might be a valuable mechanistic-based biomarker to predict brain glycogen dynamics in endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Zhao Q, Liu F, Cheng Y, Xiao XR, Hu DD, Tang YM, Bao WM, Yang JH, Jiang T, Hu JP, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Celastrol Protects From Cholestatic Liver Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-FXR Signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:520-533. [PMID: 30617157 PMCID: PMC6398203 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, derived from the roots of the Tripterygium Wilfordi, shows a striking effect on obesity. In the present study, the role of celastrol in cholestasis was investigated using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Celastrol treatment significantly alleviated cholestatic liver injury in mice induced by α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) and thioacetamide (TAA). Celastrol was found to activate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), increase farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B and P53 signaling. The protective role of celastrol in cholestatic liver injury was diminished in mice on co-administration of SIRT1 inhibitors. Further, the effects of celastrol on cholestatic liver injury were dramatically decreased in Fxr-null mice, suggesting that the SIRT1-FXR signaling pathway mediates the protective effects of celastrol. These observations demonstrated a novel role for celastrol in protecting against cholestatic liver injury through modulation of the SIRT1 and FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- §University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xue-Rong Xiao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming 650033, China;
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- ‖Department of General Surgery, Yunnan Provincial 1st People's Hospital, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming 650033, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming 650033, China
| | - Jia-Peng Hu
- **Clinical Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650033, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- ‡‡Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fei Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- §§State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Chu H, Duan Y, Yang L, Schnabl B. Small metabolites, possible big changes: a microbiota-centered view of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:359-370. [PMID: 30171065 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple hepatic steatosis, commonly associated with obesity, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD pathophysiology involves environmental, genetic and metabolic factors, as well as changes in the intestinal microbiota and their products. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier can contribute to NAFLD development and progression. Although there are technical limitations in assessing intestinal permeability in humans and the number of patients in these studies is rather small, fewer than half of the patients have increased intestinal permeability and translocation of bacterial products. Microbe-derived metabolites and the signalling pathways they affect might play more important roles in development of NAFLD. We review the microbial metabolites that contribute to the development of NAFLD, such as trimethylamine, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and ethanol. We discuss the mechanisms by which metabolites produced by microbes might affect disease progression and/or serve as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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A pilot study of the effect of phospholipid curcumin on serum metabolomic profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1224-1235. [PMID: 30647436 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound in the spice turmeric, has been found to have potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Curcumin may treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through its beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, which are considered as two feature of this disease. However, the effects of curcumin on NAFLD have been remained poorly understood. This investigation evaluated the effects of administrating curcumin on metabolic status in NAFLD patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fifty-eight NAFLD patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design of study. The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups, which either received 250 mg phospholipid curcumin or placebo, one capsule per day for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken from each subject at the start and end of the study period. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis was performed for serum samples using NMR. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, supplementing phospholipid curcumin resulted in significant decreases in serum including 3- methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, kynurenine, succinate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, methylamine, trimethylamine, hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and lithocholic acid. This profile of metabolic biomarkers could distinguish effectively NAFLD subjects who were treated with curcumin and placebo groups, achieving value of 0.99 for an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). CONCLUSIONS Characterizing the serum metabolic profile of the patients with NAFLD at the end of the intervention using NMR-based metabolomics method indicated that the targets of curcumin treatment included some amino acids, TCA cycle, bile acids, and gut microbiota.
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Michelena J, Alonso C, Martínez-Arranz I, Altamirano J, Mayo R, Sancho-Bru P, Bataller R, Ginès P, Castro A, Caballería J. Metabolomics Discloses a New Non-invasive Method for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:144-154. [PMID: 31113584 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcoholic hepatitis is the most severe manifestation of alcoholic liver disease. Unfortunately, there are still some unresolved issues in the diagnosis and management of this disease, such as the need of histological diagnosis, an accurate prognostic stratification, and the development of novel targeted therapies. The present study aimed at addressing these issues by means of metabolomics, a novel high-throughput approach useful in other liver diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS 64 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis were included and compared with 26 patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis without superimposed alcoholic hepatitis, which was ruled out by liver biopsy. RESULTS The comparison of the metabolic profiles of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and decompensated cirrhosis showed marked differences between both groups. Importantly, metabolic differences were found among alcoholic hepatitis patients when subjects were stratified according to 90-day survival. Based on these findings, two non-invasive signatures were developed. The first one allowed an accurate non-invasive diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis (AUROC 0.932; 95% CI 0.901-0.963). The second signature showed a good performance in the prognostic stratification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AUROC 0.963; 95% CI 0.895-1.000). CONCLUSIONS Signatures based on metabolomics allowed an accurate non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic stratification of alcoholic hepatitis. The differences observed in the metabolic profile of the patients according to the presence and severity of alcoholic hepatitis are related with different mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of alcoholic hepatitis such as peroxisomal activity, synthesis of inflammatory mediators or oxidation. This information could be useful for the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Michelena
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - José Altamirano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Mayo
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigatión Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Liver Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigatión Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Castro
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigatión Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
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80
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Sasaki K, Sagawa H, Suzuki M, Yamamoto H, Tomita M, Soga T, Ohashi Y. Metabolomics Platform with Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Plasma Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1295-1301. [PMID: 30500154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has the potential to improve coverage of metabolite detection because of its high selectivity and sensitivity. Configuration of the interface between CE and HRMS to meet the ground connection is essential for enabling independent regulation of the electrical currents in the CE and electrospray field. In the present study, we applied an electrospray-ionization adapter equipped with a grounded nebulizer to CE-HRMS and tested the analytical performance for 34 charged compounds. The extracted-ion electropherograms, consisting of seven sets of isomers, showed reasonable peak shapes and separation for the annotation of each metabolite. The levels of 34 target analytes in a standard mixture were determined with a dynamic range of at least 102, maintaining linearity with r2 > 0.9. The repeatability and intermediate precision above the lower limit of quantification showed the relative standard deviation to be lower than 20%. In the spike-recovery experiment, 27 of the 34 metabolites in plasma extract were recovered at a rate of 80 to 120%, suggesting high accuracy. Furthermore, we assessed the feasibility of our platform in metabolome analysis using human-plasma extract. The results showed successful detection of 270 metabolites, indicating the potential of our platform to yield higher coverage of the metabolome. In addition, analysis of dilution integrity demonstrated the quantitative ability of metabolome analysis with CE-HRMS, although the existence of saturation or matrix effects were seen in the case of 33 of the metabolites. This study indicates that our platform has great potential for large-scale metabolome analysis of plasma for biological studies and clinical biomarker screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc. , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences , Keio University , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sagawa
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc. , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc. , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc. , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences , Keio University , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences , Keio University , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ohashi
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc. , 246-2 Mizukami , Kakuganji, Tsuruoka , Yamagata 997-0052 , Japan
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81
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Egnatchik RA, Leamy AK, Sacco SA, Cheah YE, Shiota M, Young JD. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity promotes palmitate lipotoxicity in rat hepatocytes by enhancing anaplerosis and citric acid cycle flux. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3081-3090. [PMID: 30563841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is characterized by aberrant mitochondrial metabolism, which predisposes cells to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Previously, we reported that translocation of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria of palmitate-treated hepatocytes activates anaplerotic flux from glutamine to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which subsequently enters the citric acid cycle (CAC) for oxidation. We hypothesized that increased glutamine anaplerosis fuels elevations in CAC flux and oxidative stress following palmitate treatment. To test this hypothesis, primary rat hepatocytes or immortalized H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells were treated with lipotoxic levels of palmitate while modulating anaplerotic pathways leading to αKG. We found that culture media supplemented with glutamine, glutamate, or dimethyl-αKG increased palmitate lipotoxicity compared with media that lacked these anaplerotic substrates. Knockdown of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity significantly reduced the lipotoxic effects of palmitate, whereas knockdown of glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) had no effect on palmitate lipotoxicity. 13C flux analysis of H4IIEC3 cells co-treated with palmitate and the pan-transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid confirmed that reductions in lipotoxic markers were associated with decreases in anaplerosis, CAC flux, and oxygen consumption. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipotoxic palmitate treatments enhance anaplerosis in cultured rat hepatocytes, causing a shift to aberrant transaminase metabolism that fuels CAC dysregulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masakazu Shiota
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jamey D Young
- From Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and .,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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82
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Molecular Fingerprints of Iron Parameters among a Population-Based Sample. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111800. [PMID: 30463274 PMCID: PMC6266982 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most frequent deficiency disease and parameters of iron metabolism appear to be linked to major metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We screened a large set of small molecules in plasma for associations with iron status among apparently healthy subjects to elucidate subclinical profiles which may provide a link between iron status and onset of diseases. Based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy we determined 613 plasma metabolites and lipoprotein subfractions among 820 apparently healthy individuals. Associations between ferritin, transferrin, haemoglobin and myoglobin and metabolite levels were tested by sex-specific linear regression analyses controlling for common confounders. Far more significant associations in women (82 out of 102) compared to men became obvious. The majority of the metabolites associated with serum ferritin and haemoglobin in women comprising fatty acid species, branched-chain amino acid catabolites and catabolites of heme. The latter was also obvious among men. Positive associations between serum transferrin and VLDL and IDL particle measures seen in women were observed in men with respect to serum ferritin. We observed a sexual-dimorphic fingerprint of surrogates of iron metabolism which may provide a link for the associations between those parameters and major metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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83
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Aberrant Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Provides Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7512159. [PMID: 30524660 PMCID: PMC6247426 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7512159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for over 80% of liver cancer cases and is highly malignant, recurrent, drug-resistant, and often diagnosed in the advanced stage. It is clear that early diagnosis and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to HCC progression is clinically urgent. Metabolic alterations clearly characterize HCC tumors. Numerous clinical parameters currently used to assess liver functions reflect changes in both enzyme activity and metabolites. Indeed, differences in glucose and acetate utilization are used as a valid clinical tool for stratifying patients with HCC. Moreover, increased serum lactate can distinguish HCC from normal subjects, and serum lactate dehydrogenase is used as a prognostic indicator for HCC patients under therapy. Currently, the emerging field of metabolomics that allows metabolite analysis in biological fluids is a powerful method for discovering new biomarkers. Several metabolic targets have been identified by metabolomics approaches, and these could be used as biomarkers in HCC. Moreover, the integration of different omics approaches could provide useful information on the metabolic pathways at the systems level. In this review, we provided an overview of the metabolic characteristics of HCC considering also the reciprocal influences between the metabolism of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Moreover, we also highlighted the interaction between hepatic metabolite production and their serum revelations through metabolomics researches.
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84
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Khan V, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Mindikoglu AL. Current Applications of Metabolomics in Cirrhosis. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040067. [PMID: 30360420 PMCID: PMC6316274 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the identification and quantification of all or specified metabolites in a living system under a specific condition or disease. Metabolomics in cirrhosis can be used in diagnosing complications, determining prognosis and assessment of response to therapy. In this review, we summarized representative applications of metabolomics in cirrhosis and significant metabolites associated with cirrhosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinshi Khan
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ayse L Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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85
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Pietzner M, Budde K, Homuth G, Kastenmüller G, Henning AK, Artati A, Krumsiek J, Völzke H, Adamski J, Lerch MM, Kühn JP, Nauck M, Friedrich N. Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated With Adverse Molecular Signatures in Subjects Without Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3856-3868. [PMID: 30060179 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exaggerated hepatic triglyceride accumulation (i.e., hepatic steatosis) represents a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Despite the clear association of hepatic steatosis with impaired insulin signaling, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are still under debate. We combined data from several metabolomics techniques to gain a comprehensive picture of molecular alterations related to the presence of hepatic steatosis in a diabetes-free sample (N = 769) of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. METHODS Liver fat content (LFC) was assessed using MRI. Metabolome measurements of plasma and urine samples were done by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Linear regression analyses were used to detect significant associations with either LFC or markers of hepatic damage. Possible mediations through insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and inflammation were tested. A predictive molecular signature of hepatic steatosis was established using regularized logistic regression. RESULTS The LFC-associated atherogenic lipid profile, tightly connected to shifts in the phospholipid content, and a prediabetic amino acid cluster were mediated by insulin resistance. Molecular surrogates of oxidative stress and multiple associations with urine metabolites (e.g., indicating altered cortisol metabolism or phase II detoxification products) were unaffected in mediation analyses. Incorporation of urine metabolites slightly improved classification of hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive metabolic profiling allowed us to reveal molecular patterns accompanying hepatic steatosis independent of the known hallmarks. Novel biomarkers from urine (e.g., cortisol glucuronide) are worthwhile for follow-up in patients suffering from more severe liver impairment compared with our merely healthy population-based sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens P Kühn
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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86
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the global adult population and is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the active form of NAFLD, with hepatic necroinflammation and faster fibrosis progression. With an increasing number of patients developing NASH-related end-stage liver disease and pharmacological treatments on the horizon, there is a pressing need to develop NAFLD and NASH biomarkers for prognostication, selection of patients for treatment and monitoring. This requirement is particularly true as liver biopsy utility is limited by its invasive nature, poor patient acceptability and sampling variability. This article reviews current and potential biomarkers for different features of NAFLD, namely, steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis. For each biomarker, we evaluate its accuracy, reproducibility, responsiveness, feasibility and limitations. We cover biochemical, imaging and genetic biomarkers and discuss biomarker discovery in the omics era.
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87
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Pietzner M, Kacprowski T, Friedrich N. Empowering thyroid hormone research in human subjects using OMICs technologies. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R13-R29. [PMID: 29724864 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OMICs subsume different physiological layers including the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Recent advances in analytical techniques allow for the exhaustive determination of biomolecules in all OMICs levels from less invasive human specimens such as blood and urine. Investigating OMICs in deeply characterized population-based or experimental studies has led to seminal improvement of our understanding of genetic determinants of thyroid function, identified putative thyroid hormone target genes and thyroid hormone-induced shifts in the plasma protein and metabolite content. Consequently, plasma biomolecules have been suggested as surrogates of tissue-specific action of thyroid hormones. This review provides a brief introduction to OMICs in thyroid research with a particular focus on metabolomics studies in humans elucidating the important role of thyroid hormones for whole body metabolism in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Chair of Experimental BioinformaticsTUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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88
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Untargeted Profiling of Concordant/Discordant Phenotypes of High Insulin Resistance and Obesity To Predict the Risk of Developing Diabetes. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2307-2317. [PMID: 29905079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the metabolic profiles of concordant/discordant phenotypes of high insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. Through untargeted metabolomics (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS), we analyzed the fasting serum of subjects with high IR and/or obesity ( n = 64). An partial least-squares discriminant analysis with orthogonal signal correction followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis allowed exploration of these metabolic profiles. A multivariate regression method (LASSO) was used for variable selection and a predictive biomarker model to identify subjects with high IR regardless of obesity was built. Adrenic acid and a dyglyceride (DG) were shared by high IR and obesity. Uric and margaric acids, 14 DGs, ketocholesterol, and hydroxycorticosterone were unique to high IR, while arachidonic, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), palmitoleic, triHETE, and glycocholic acids, HETE lactone, leukotriene B4, and two glutamyl-peptides to obesity. DGs and adrenic acid differed in concordant/discordant phenotypes, thereby revealing protective mechanisms against high IR also in obesity. A biomarker model formed by DGs, uric and adrenic acids presented a high predictive power to identify subjects with high IR [AUC 80.1% (68.9-91.4)]. These findings could become relevant for diabetes risk detection and unveil new potential targets in therapeutic treatments of IR, diabetes, and obesity. An independent validated cohort is needed to confirm these results.
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89
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Guo W, Tan HY, Wang N, Wang X, Feng Y. Deciphering hepatocellular carcinoma through metabolomics: from biomarker discovery to therapy evaluation. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:715-734. [PMID: 29692630 PMCID: PMC5903488 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s156837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The mortality rate of HCC is similar to its incidence rate, which reflects its poor prognosis. At present, the diagnosis of HCC is still mostly dependent on invasive biopsy, imaging methods, and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) testing. Because of the asymptomatic nature of early HCC, biopsy and imaging methods usually detect HCC at the middle–late stages. AFP has limited sensitivity and specificity, as many other nonmalignant liver diseases can also result in a very high serum level of AFP. Therefore, better biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity at earlier stages are greatly needed. Since metabolic reprogramming is an essential hallmark of cancer and the liver is the metabolic hub of living systems, it is useful to investigate HCC from a metabolic perspective. As a noninvasive and nondestructive approach, metabolomics provides holistic information on dynamically metabolic responses of living systems to both endogenous and exogenous factors. Therefore, it would be conducive to apply metabolomics in investigating HCC. In this review, we summarize recent metabolomic studies on HCC cellular, animal, and clinicopathologic models with attention to metabolomics as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis. Recent applications of metabolomics with respect to therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of HCC are also covered, with emphasis on the potential of treatment by drugs from natural products. In the last section, the current challenges and trends of future development of metabolomics on HCC are discussed. Overall, metabolomics provides us with novel insight into the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic evaluation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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90
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Dittharot K, Jittorntam P, Wilairat P, Sobhonslidsuk A. Urinary Metabolomic Profiling in Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:741-748. [PMID: 29582629 PMCID: PMC5980850 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The metabolomic profiling has been shown to be associated with pathogenic mechanisms in many medical conditions including CHB. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urine metabolomic profiles in CHB patients by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Methods: Urine samples were collected from CHB patients (n = 20) and normal control subjects (n = 20). Metabolite profiles were assessed using GC/MS in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis, in order to identify biomarker metabolites. Pathway analysis was performed by MetaboAnalyst 3.0 and KEGG database.Results: Twelve out of 377 metabolites were shown to be significantly different between the CHB and normal control groups (p < 0.05). These include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid, butanoic acid, cholesterol, glycine, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone, hexanal, 1-tetradecanol and naphthalene. Multivariate statistical analysis constructed using these expressed metabolites showed CHB patients can be discriminated from healthy controls with high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%). All the metabolic perturbations in this disease are associated with pathways of fatty acid, amino acid, bile acid and gut microbial metabolism. Conclusion: CHB patients have a specific urinary metabolomic profile. The abnormalities of fatty acid, amino acid, bile acid, and gut microbial metabolism lead to the development of disease progression. GC/MS-based assay is a promising tool for the metabolomic study in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthanadon Dittharot
- Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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91
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Hirayama A, Abe H, Yamaguchi N, Tabata S, Tomita M, Soga T. Development of a sheathless CE-ESI-MS interface. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1382-1389. [PMID: 29493797 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sheath-flow interface is the most common ionization technique in CE-ESI-MS. However, this interface dilutes the analytes with the sheath liquid and decreases the sensitivity. In this study, we developed a sheathless CE-MS interface to improve sensitivity. The interface was fabricated by making a small crack approximately 2 cm from the end of a capillary column fixed on a plastic plate, and then covering the crack with a dialysis membrane to prevent metabolite loss during separation. A voltage for CE separation was applied between the capillary inlet and the buffer reservoir. Under optimum conditions, 52 cationic metabolite standards were separated and selectively detected using MS. With a pressure injection of 5 kPa for 15 s (ca. 1.4 nL), the detection limits for the tested compounds were between 0.06 and 1.7 μmol/L (S/N = 3). The method was applied to analysis of cationic metabolites extracted from a small number (12 000) of cancer cells, and the number of peaks detected was about 2.5 times higher than when using conventional sheath-flow CE-MS. Because the interface is easy to construct, it is cost-effective and can be adapted to any commercially available capillaries. This method is a powerful new tool for highly sensitive CE-MS-based metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yamaguchi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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92
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of amino acids and other polar metabolites with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women in a lean Asian population. Methods: The participants were 1,422 female residents enrolled in a cohort study from April to August 2012. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III modified for Japanese women. Associations were examined between MetS and 78 metabolites assayed in fasting plasma samples using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Replication analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the results in a separate population created by random allocation. Results: Analysis was performed for 877 naturally postmenopausal women, including 594 in the original population and 283 in the replication population. The average age, body mass index, and levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the entire population were 64.6 years, 23.0 kg/m2, 72.1 mg/dL, and 126.1 mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between women with and without MetS. Thirteen metabolites were significantly related to MetS: multiple plasma amino acids were elevated in women with MetS, including branched-chain amino acids, alanine, glutamate, and proline; and alpha-aminoadipate, which is generated by lysine degradation, was also significantly increased. Conclusions: Our large-scale metabolomic profiling indicates that Japanese postmenopausal women with MetS have abnormal polar metabolites, suggesting altered catabolic pathways. These results may help to understand metabolic disturbance, including in persons with normal body mass index and relatively high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and may have clinical utility based on further studies.
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93
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Luo P, Yin P, Hua R, Tan Y, Li Z, Qiu G, Yin Z, Xie X, Wang X, Chen W, Zhou L, Wang X, Li Y, Chen H, Gao L, Lu X, Wu T, Wang H, Niu J, Xu G. A Large-scale, multicenter serum metabolite biomarker identification study for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:662-675. [PMID: 28960374 PMCID: PMC6680350 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer worldwide. The lack of effective biomarkers for the early detection of HCC results in unsatisfactory curative treatments. Here, metabolite biomarkers were identified and validated for HCC diagnosis. A total of 1,448 subjects, including healthy controls and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC, were recruited from multiple centers in China. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods were used to characterize the subjects' serum metabolic profiles and to screen and validate the HCC biomarkers. A serum metabolite biomarker panel including phenylalanyl-tryptophan and glycocholate was defined. This panel had a higher diagnostic performance than did α-fetoprotein (AFP) in differentiating HCC from a high-risk population of cirrhosis, such as an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.930, 0.892, and 0.807 for the panel versus 0.657, 0.725, and 0.650 for AFP in the discovery set, test set, and cohort 1 of the validation set, respectively. In the nested case-control study, this panel had high sensitivity (range 80.0%-70.3%) to detect preclinical HCC, and its combination with AFP provided better risk prediction of preclinical HCC before clinical diagnosis. Besides, this panel showed a larger area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve than did AFP (0.866 versus 0.682) to distinguish small HCC, and 80.6% of the AFP false-negative patients with HCC were correctly diagnosed using this panel in the test set, which was corroborated by the validation set. The specificity and biological relevance of the identified biomarkers were further evaluated using sera from another two cancers and HCC tissue specimens, respectively. Conclusion: The discovered and validated serum metabolite biomarker panel exhibits good diagnostic performance for the early detection of HCC from at-risk populations. (Hepatology 2018;67:662-675).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Hepatology, First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yexiong Tan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery InstituteThe Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gaokun Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | | | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Shangdong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Yanli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | | | - Ling Gao
- Shangdong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery InstituteThe Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
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94
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Gookin JL, Mathews KG, Cullen J, Seiler G. Qualitative metabolomics profiling of serum and bile from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191076. [PMID: 29324798 PMCID: PMC5764353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucocele formation is characterized by secretion of abnormally thick mucus by the gallbladder epithelium of dogs that may cause obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is increasingly recognized and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The cause of gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown. There is a strong breed predisposition and affected dogs have a high incidence of concurrent endocrinopathy or hyperlipidemia. These observations suggest a significant influence of both genetic and metabolic factors on disease pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated a theory that mucocele formation is associated with a syndrome of metabolic disruption. We surmised that a global, untargeted metabolomics approach could provide unique insight into the systemic pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele formation and identify specific compounds as candidate biomarkers or treatment targets. Moreover, concurrent examination of the serum and hepatic duct bile metabolome would enable the construction of mechanism-based theories or identification of specific compounds responsible for altered function of the gallbladder epithelium. Abnormalities observed in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation, including a 33-fold decrease in serum adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP), lower quantities of precursors required for synthesis of energy transporting nucleotides, and increases in citric acid cycle intermediates, suggest excess metabolic energy and a carbon surplus. Altered quantities of compounds involved in protein translation and RNA turnover, together with accumulation of gamma-glutamylated and N-acetylated amino acids in serum suggest abnormal regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism. Increases in lathosterol and 7α-hydroxycholesterol suggest a primary increase in cholesterol synthesis and diversion to bile acid formation. A number of specific biomarker compounds were identified for their ability to distinguish between control dogs and those that formed a gallbladder mucocele. Particularly noteworthy was a significant decrease in quantity of biologically active compounds that stimulate biliary ductal fluid secretion including adenosine, cAMP, taurolithocholic acid, and taurocholic acid. These findings support the presence of significant metabolic disruption in dogs with mucocele formation. A targeted, quantitative analysis of the identified serum biomarkers is warranted to determine their utility for diagnosis of this disease. Finally, repletion of compounds whose biological activity normally promotes biliary ductal secretion should be examined for any therapeutic impact for resolution or prevention of mucocele formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle G Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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95
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Yang J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C, Dong K, Zhao M. γ
-Glu-Met synthesised using a bacterial glutaminase as a potential inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chun Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Keming Dong
- Guangdong Weiwei Biotechnology Co., LTD.; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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96
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Lee J, Kang E, Kobayashi S, Homma T, Sato H, Seo H, Fujii J. The viability of primary hepatocytes is maintained under a low cysteine-glutathione redox state with a marked elevation in ophthalmic acid production. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:178-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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97
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Andrisic L, Dudzik D, Barbas C, Milkovic L, Grune T, Zarkovic N. Short overview on metabolomics approach to study pathophysiology of oxidative stress in cancer. Redox Biol 2017; 14:47-58. [PMID: 28866248 PMCID: PMC5583394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of oxidative stress with carcinogenesis is well known, but not understood well, as is pathophysiology of oxidative stress generated during different types of anti-cancer treatments. Moreover, recent findings indicate that cancer associated lipid peroxidation might eventually help defending adjacent nonmalignant cells from cancer invasion. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics studies designed for advanced translational and clinical studies are needed to understand the existing paradoxes in oncology, including those related to controversial usage of antioxidants aiming to prevent or treat cancer. In this short review we have tried to put emphasis on the importance of pathophysiology of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in cancer development in relation to metabolic adaptation of particular types of cancer allowing us to conclude that adaptation to oxidative stress is one of the main driving forces of cancer pathophysiology. With the help of metabolomics many novel findings are being achieved thus encouraging further scientific breakthroughs. Combined with targeted qualitative and quantitative methods, especially immunochemistry, further research might reveal bio-signatures of individual patients and respective malignant diseases, leading to individualized treatment approach, according to the concepts of modern integrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Andrisic
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia.
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98
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Price ND, Magis AT, Earls JC, Glusman G, Levy R, Lausted C, McDonald DT, Kusebauch U, Moss CL, Zhou Y, Qin S, Moritz RL, Brogaard K, Omenn GS, Lovejoy JC, Hood L. A wellness study of 108 individuals using personal, dense, dynamic data clouds. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:747-756. [PMID: 28714965 PMCID: PMC5568837 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal data for 108 individuals were collected during a 9-month period, including whole genome sequences; clinical tests, metabolomes, proteomes, and microbiomes at three time points; and daily activity tracking. Using all of these data, we generated a correlation network that revealed communities of related analytes associated with physiology and disease. Connectivity within analyte communities enabled the identification of known and candidate biomarkers (e.g., gamma-glutamyltyrosine was densely interconnected with clinical analytes for cardiometabolic disease). We calculated polygenic scores from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 127 traits and diseases, and used these to discover molecular correlates of polygenic risk (e.g., genetic risk for inflammatory bowel disease was negatively correlated with plasma cystine). Finally, behavioral coaching informed by personal data helped participants to improve clinical biomarkers. Our results show that measurement of personal data clouds over time can improve our understanding of health and disease, including early transitions to disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Arivale, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roie Levy
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shizhen Qin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lovejoy
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Arivale, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Providence St. Joseph Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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99
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McCullough A, Previs S, Kasumov T. Stable isotope-based flux studies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:22-33. [PMID: 28720429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with the worldwide epidemics of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. NAFLD ranges from benign fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and cirrhosis which can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-coupled stable isotope-based flux studies provide new insights into the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis and the disease progression. This review focuses mainly on the utilization of mass spectrometry-based methods for the understanding of metabolic abnormalities in the different stages of NAFLD. For example, stable isotope-based flux studies demonstrated multi-organ insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose, lipids and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with NAFLD. We also review recent developments in the stable isotope-based technologies for the study of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in NAFLD. We highlight the limitations of current methodologies, discuss the emerging areas of research in this field, and future directions for the applications of stable isotopes to study NAFLD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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100
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Uchiyama K, Yagi N, Mizushima K, Higashimura Y, Hirai Y, Okayama T, Yoshida N, Katada K, Kamada K, Handa O, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Konishi H, Kuriu Y, Nakanishi M, Otsuji E, Itoh Y, Naito Y. Serum metabolomics analysis for early detection of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:677-694. [PMID: 27650200 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality, early-stage detection improves survival rates dramatically. Because cancer impacts important metabolic pathways, the alteration of metabolite levels as a potential biomarker of early-stage cancer has been the focus of many studies. Here, we used CE-TOFMS, a novel and promising method with small injection volume and high resolution, to separate and detect ionic compounds based on the different migration rates of charged metabolites in order to detect metabolic biomarkers in patients with CRC. METHODS A total of 56 patients with CRC (n = 14 each of Stages I-IV), 60 healthy controls, and 59 patients with colonic adenoma were included in this study. Metabolome analysis was conducted by CE-TOFMS on serum samples of patients and controls using the Advanced Scan package (Human Metabolome Technologies). RESULTS We obtained 334 metabolites in the serum, of which 139 were identified as known substances. Among these 139 known metabolites, 16 were correlated with CRC stage by upregulation and 44 by downregulation, with benzoic acid (r = -0.649, t = 11.653, p = 6.07599E-24), octanoic acid (r = 0.557, t = 9.183, p = 7.9557E-17), decanoic acid (r = 0.539, t = 8.749, p = 1.24352E-15), and histidine (r = -0.513, t = 8.194, p = 3.90224E-14) exhibiting significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to determine the correlation between serum metabolites and CRC stage using CE-TOFMS. Our results show that benzoic acid exhibited excellent diagnostic power and could potentially serve as a novel disease biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, 3-23 Hashimotocho Gifu-city, Gifu, 500-8523, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okayama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Konishi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuriu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakanishi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. .,Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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