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Rangel-López L, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Olmedo-Juárez A, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Vega-Sánchez V, Hori-Oshima S, Nassan MA, Batiha GES, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Antibacterial Potential of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq) Willd Fruit against Aeromonas spp. of Aquaculture Importance. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040511. [PMID: 35203219 PMCID: PMC8868534 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaculture remains an important source of food, however, aquaculture systems are affected by different factors including the appearance of resistant or multiresistant bacteria to antimicrobials. An alternative in the search for new treatments for these bacteria is plant extracts. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia coriaria fruit hydroalcoholic extract and gallic acid over Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas dhakensis to identify new molecules for the treatment of diseases caused by Aeromona spp. The hydroalcoholic extract of Caesalpinia coriaria and its fractions have antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas dhakensis and could be alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by the genus Aeromonas. Abstract Aquaculture is an important source of food and livelihood for hundreds of millions of people around the world, however, aquaculture systems are affected by different factors, among them the appearance of resistant or multiresistant bacteria to antimicrobials. The secondary metabolites of plants have been proposed as alternatives for the treatment of these bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia coriaria fruit hydroalcoholic extract and gallic acid over Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas dhakensis to identify new molecules for the treatment of diseases caused by Aeromonas spp. The C. coriaria fruit hydroalcoholic extract (HECc) was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration and subjected to bipartition with ethyl acetate and water to obtain an aqueous fraction (Ac-FrCc) and an organic fraction (Ac-FrEtCc); gallic acid was purchased commercially. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), MBC/MIC ratio, and cytotoxicity of HECc, its fractions, and gallic acid were determined. The results indicate that HECc fractions (Ac-FrCc and Ac-FrEtCc) and gallic acid have bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis, but only gallic acid showed bactericidal activity against A. veronii. The HECc and Ac-FrCc showed no toxicity, Ac-FrEtCc showed low toxicity, and gallic acid showed medium toxicity. The HECc, Ac-FrCc, and Ac-FrEtCc may be alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by the genus Aeromonas, however, in vivo assays are necessary to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Rangel-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.R.-L.); (V.V.-S.)
- División Académica en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Kilómetro 25+2 Ranchería la Huasteca 2da sección, Villahermosa C.P. 86298, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.R.-L.); (V.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (A.Z.-B.)
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca C.P. 50200, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534/Col. Progreso, Jiutepec C.P. 62550, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas C.P. 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.R.-L.); (V.V.-S.)
| | - Sawako Hori-Oshima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali C.P. 21000, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.R.-L.); (V.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (A.Z.-B.)
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Complete Genome Sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteriophage BUCT552. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0117221. [PMID: 35175128 PMCID: PMC8852327 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01172-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteriophage BUCT552 whose full length of the linear dsDNA genome is 59,685 bp and G+C content is 60.0%. It contains 74 open reading frames but no tRNA. The results of TEM showed BUCT552 is a member of the family Siphoviridae.
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Asai N, Suematsu H, Sakanashi D, Kato H, Shiota A, Hagihara M, Koizumi Y, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. Empyema and bacteremia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila: Case report and review of the literature. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:705-708. [PMID: 35031202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the advance in antibiotics and widespread chest tube drainage, acute empyema still shows a high mortality rate, accounting for 10-25%. We experienced a case of acute empyema caused by A. hydrophila, which is extremely uncommon, and reviewed all previously published articles. CASE PRESENTATION A 76-year older man with a medical history of liver cirrhosis (LC) due to chronic hepatitis C and hepatic cell carcinoma was admitted to our institute. Elevated inflammatory reaction and effusions on chest CT were seen, and he was suspected of having acute empyema. Although an empiric antibiotic therapy of meropenem with chest tube drainage was performed as an initial treatment, he died within 8 hours of admission. Postmortem, both blood and left pleural fluid cultures yielded Aeromonas hydrophila. The final diagnosis was acute empyema caused by A. hydrophila. We reviewed previously reported empyema caused by Aeromonas species cases (4 A. hydrophila, and 1 A. veronii) in 4 previous reports written in English, including ours. Of 5, all were male, and the mean age was 52 years (range 27-76 years). All patients had LC due to alcohol or viral infections. As for antibiotics initially prescribed, third-generation cephalosporins were most frequently used in 3/5 (60%). Thoracentesis was performed in all patients (100%). As for prognosis, 2 (40%) survived, and 3 (60%) died. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of the possibility of acute empyema caused by A. hydrophila among patients with chronic hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Arufumi Shiota
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan.
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Baliga P, Goolappa PT, Shekar M, Kallappa GS. Cloning, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Endolysin LysE Against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Aeromonas hydrophila. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:646-654. [PMID: 34993932 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are emerging as a major global threat to public health. Bacteriophages are an important source of antimicrobial enzymes and could be developed as an alternative antibiotic candidate. This study investigates the antibacterial capacity of the endolysin LysE against Aeromonas hydrophila. The endolysin LysE gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Purified recombinant LysE protein was tested for its antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila. The study reveals that recombinant LysE protein was highly effective against Gram-negative bacteria when combined with antimicrobials that alter the permeability of the outer membrane. Specifically, the enzyme had the highest muralytic activity at pH 4, and maintained over 50% of the activity at pH 10. Moreover, endolysin displayed more than 50% activity even after 30 min of incubation at 100 °C. Also, endolysin LysE resulted in one log reduction in CFU/mL in 30 min and demonstrated antibiofilm capabilities when combined with EDTA. Interestingly, checkerboard assay showed its synergistic effects in combination with lower concentrations of colistin against A. hydrophila. Additionally, in vitro tests with Channa striatus kidney (CSK) cell lines do not show cytotoxic effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that LysE can be employed with outer membrane permeabilizers to expand the arsenal repertoire against Gram-negative bacteria in the aquaculture, food, and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Baliga
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
| | - Puneeth Thadooru Goolappa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
| | - Malathi Shekar
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
| | - Girisha Shivani Kallappa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
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Kulu I, Mantareva V, Kussovski V, Angelov I, Durmuş M. Effects of metal ion in cationic Pd(II) and Ni(II) phthalocyanines on physicochemical and photodynamic inactivation properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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56
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Comparative Pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp. in Cultured Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111192. [PMID: 34827185 PMCID: PMC8614744 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas has been recognised as an important pathogenic species in aquaculture that causes motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) or less severe, chronic infections. This study compares the pathogenicity of the different Aeromonas spp. that were previously isolated from freshwater fish with signs of MAS. A total of 124 isolates of Aeromonas spp. were initially screened for the ability to grow on M9 agar with myo-inositol as a sole carbon source, which is a discriminatory phenotype for the hypervirulent A. hydrophila (vAh) pathotype. Subsequently, LD50 of six selected Aeromonas spp. were determined by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension containing 103, 105, and 107 CFU/mL of the respective Aeromonas sp. to red hybrid tilapias. The kidneys, livers and spleens of infected moribund fish were examined for histopathological changes. The screening revealed that only A. dhakensis 1P11S3 was able to grow using myo-inositol as a sole carbon source, and no vAh strains were identified. The LD50–240h of A. dhakensis 1P11S3 was 107 CFU/mL, while the non-myo-inositol utilizing A. dhakensis 4PS2 and A. hydrophila 8TK3 was lower at 105 CFU/mL. Similarly, tilapia challenged with the myo-inositol A. dhakensis 1P11S3 showed significantly (p < 0.05) less severe signs, gross and histopathological lesions, and a lower mortality rate than the non-myo-inositol A. dhakensis 4PS2 and A. hydrophila 8TK3. These findings suggested that myo-inositol utilizing A. dhakensis 1P11S3 was not a hypervirulent Aeromonas sp. under current experimental disease challenge conditions, and that diverse Aeromonas spp. are of concern in aquaculture farmed freshwater fish. Therefore, future study is warranted on genomic level to further elucidate the influence of myo-inositol utilizing ability on the pathogenesis of Aeromonas spp., since this ability correlates with hypervirulence in A. hydrophila strains.
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Abreu ACDS, Carazzolle MF, Crippa BL, Barboza GR, Mores Rall VL, de Oliveira Rocha L, Silva NCC. Bacterial diversity in organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production using targeted 16S rRNA sequencing. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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58
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Zhong W, Tang P, Liu T, Zhao T, Guo J, Gao Z. Linalool Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011003. [PMID: 34681662 PMCID: PMC8538616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important aquatic pathogens causing huge economic losses to aquaculture. Linalool, a vital ingredient of a variety of essential oils, was proved as a good antimicrobial agent in our previous studies. However, the low solubility and volatility of Linalool obstruct its application in the field of aquatic drugs. Thus, in this study, Linalool nano-emulsion (LN) was prepared to solve these obstructions. We investigated the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of LN against A. hydrophila. LN with different medium chain triglycerides (MCT) concentrations were prepared by ultrasonic method. The results showed that the emulsion droplet size of LN was the smallest when MCT was not added to the formulation. Nano-emulsions are usually less than 500 nm in diameter. In our study, LN in this formulation were spherical droplet with a diameter of 126.57 ± 0.85 nm and showed good stability. LN showed strong antibacterial activity, the MIC and MBC values were 0.3125% v/v and 0.625% v/v, respectively. The bacterial population decreased substantially at 1 × MIC of LN. LN exhibited disruptive effect on cell membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The present study provided a formulation of Linalool nano-emulsion preparation. Moreover, the good antibacterial activity of LN showed in our study will promote the application of Linalool for the control and prevention of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Puyu Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P. R. China, Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.G.)
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Lo CC, Liao WY, Chou MC, Wu YY, Yeh TH, Lo HR. Overexpression of Resistance-Nodulation-Division Efflux Pump Genes Contributes to Multidrug Resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila Clinical Isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:153-160. [PMID: 34609911 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a critical causative agent of infections in fish and is occasionally responsible for human infections following contact with contaminated water or food. Currently, the extensive use of antibiotics in clinical practice has led to increased number of isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas and has posed a serious public health challenge. The efflux pump system is a critical mechanism of antibiotic resistance in most Gram-negative bacteria. However, the role of resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps in MDR A. hydrophila is not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of the RND efflux pump system to MDR A. hydrophila clinical isolates. PCR results indicated a considerable variation in the presence of RND efflux pump genes in clinical isolates compared to that of the environmental reference strain ATCC7966T. Compared to non-MDR clinical isolates, the expression levels of three putative RND efflux pump genes, AHA0021, AHA1320, and AheB, were significantly elevated in MDR strains. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, erythromycin, and polymyxin B were significantly reduced by phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN), further supporting the contribution of the RND efflux system in MDR A. hydrophila. We provided evidence supporting the contribution of the RND efflux system to multidrug resistance in A. hydrophila clinical isolates. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the detailed mechanisms that confer intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials in A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Cheng Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Chen Chou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hui Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Ren Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Saleh A, Elkenany R, Younis G. Virulent and Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diseased Nile Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt with Sequencing of Some Virulence-Associated Genes. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:167-176. [PMID: 34556619 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a major waterborne pathogen, which induces various diseases in freshwater fish with the capability for zoonotic potential. This study was applied to investigate the prevalence of A. hydrophila in diseased Nile tilapia fish, genetic characterization of the virulence encoding genes (act, aerA, alt, and ast genes), and antibiotic susceptibility. Out of the 500 diseased Nile tilapia fish samples, 70% (350/500) Aeromonas species were isolated. From which 53.4% (187/350) of Aeromonas hydrophila strains were identified. A. hydrophila was detected in kidneys, followed by liver, spleen, intestine, and gills. The results of virulotyping displayed the presence of act, and aerA genes in a high percentage of 40%, followed by alt gene (30%), but ast gene was not detected (0%) in A. hydrophila strains. Based on DNA sequence analysis of three virulence associated-genes (act, aerA, and alt genes), the phylogenetic tree showed the genetic relationship with related species. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed high resistance toward chloramphenicol (67.4%), followed by amikacin (51.9%) and gentamicin (47.1%), whereas a high sensitivity was exhibited toward meropenem (90.9%), followed by ciprofloxacin (84.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (73.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64.2%). The multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila strains were observed in 69.0% of strains with six resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Saleh
- Veterinarian, Department of Public Health and Meat Inspection, Talkha Veterinary Administration
| | - Rasha Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
| | - Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
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Dien LT, Ky LB, Huy BT, Mursalim MF, Kayansamruaj P, Senapin S, Rodkhum C, Dong HT. Characterization and protective effects of lytic bacteriophage pAh6.2TG against a pathogenic multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e435-e450. [PMID: 34514728 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) is considered as one of the alternatives to antibiotics and an environmentally friendly approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. Here, we reported isolation, morphology and genomic characterizations of a newly isolated lytic phage, designated pAh6.2TG. Host range and stability of pAh6.2TG in different environmental conditions, and protective efficacy against a pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia were subsequently evaluated. The results showed that pAh6.2TG is a member of the new family Chaseviridae which has genome size of 51,780 bp, encoding 65 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and is most closely related to Aeromonas phage PVN02 (99.33% nucleotide identity). The pAh6.2TG was highly specific to A. hydrophila and infected 83.3% tested strains of MDR A. hydrophila (10 out of 12) with relative stability at pH 7-9, temperature 0-40°C and salinity 0-40 ppt. In experimental challenge, pAh6.2TG treatments significantly improved survivability of Nile tilapia exposed to a lethal dose of the pathogenic MDR A. hydrophila, with relative per cent survival (RPS) of 73.3% and 50% for phage multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1.0 and 0.1, respectively. Phage treatment significantly reduced the concentration of A. hydrophila in both water and fish body. Interestingly, the surviving fish from A. hydrophila challenged groups provoked specific antibody (IgM) against this bacterium. In summary, the findings suggested that the lytic phage pAh6.2TG is an effective alternative to antibiotics to control MDR A. hydrophila in tilapia and possibly other freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Dien
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Center of Excellent in Fish Infectious Diseases (CEFID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Tien Giang University, Tien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Le Buu Ky
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Tien Giang University, Tien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Bui The Huy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Tien Giang University, Tien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Fadhlullah Mursalim
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Center of Excellent in Fish Infectious Diseases (CEFID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Veterinary Study Program, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Faculty of Fisheries, Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Faculty of Science, Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Center of Excellent in Fish Infectious Diseases (CEFID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Strains Isolated from Sewage of Slaughterhouses Located in Sicily (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189611. [PMID: 34574535 PMCID: PMC8467622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is presently one of the most public health critical concerns. The frequent and often incorrect use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to the spread of antimicrobial resistance in this setting. Wastewater from slaughterhouses can be contaminated with multidrug-resistant bacteria, representing a possible cross-contamination route. We evaluated the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater samples from slaughterhouses located in an Italian region. Specifically, 18 slaughterhouses were included in the study. Of the tested samples, 40 bacterial strains were chosen, identified, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., and Citrobacter spp. were the most detected genera. The most resistant strains were on average those belonging to Enterobacter spp. The highest resistance rate was recorded for macrolides. Among β-lactams, penicillins and cephalosporins were by far the molecules towards which the highest resistance was detected. A very interesting finding is the difference found in strains detected in wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses, in which higher levels for almost all the considered drugs were detected compared to those from ungulates slaughterhouses. Our results indicate wastewater from slaughterhouses as a potential vehicle of resistant bacteria and highlight the importance of correct management of these kinds of waters.
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Mehta M, Liu Y, Waterland M, Holmes G. Monitoring the mode of action of synthetic and natural biocides against Aeromonas hydrophila by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-021-00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have investigated the mode of action of synthetic biocides, (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole(TCMTB), dichlorophen, (commonly used in leather industry for preservation) and natural biocides, oregano and eucalyptus oils, on Aeromonas hydrophila using Raman spectroscopy in collaboration with multivariate analysis and 2D correlation spectroscopy to evaluate whether Raman spectra acquired contained valuable information to study the action of biocides on bacterial cells. The growth of A. hydrophila in clear and outer edge zone of inhibition differ in their reaction with different biocides, which allows us to highlight the differences as a characteristic of two kinds of bacteria. Such classification helps identify oregano oil as the most effective biocide by altering clear and outer edge zone of bacteria. Standard disk diffusion assay method was used for screening biocide bacteria interactions and later analysed by Raman spectroscopy. The paper also presents the introduction of TCMTB and oregano oil into leather processing stages to examine and determine the antimicrobial effect as an application to real-world setting. Therefore, we conclude that Raman spectroscopy with appropriate computational tools constitutes a powerful approach for screening biocides, which provide solutions to all the industries using biocides including leather industry, considering the potentially harmful effect of biocides to humans and the environment.
Graphical abstract
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Mpundu P, Mbewe AR, Muma JB, Mwasinga W, Mukumbuta N, Munyeme M. A global perspective of antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in assorted ready to eat foods: A systematic review. Vet World 2021; 14:2219-2229. [PMID: 34566342 PMCID: PMC8448623 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2219-2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains consistently under-reported globally. Nevertheless, several independent studies conducted to investigate have elucidated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes in RTE-associated foods and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Given the rapid increase in consumption of RTE foods of both animal and plant origin, it is imperative to know the prevalence deductive data focusing on how much of L. monocytogenes is present in RTE foods, which is critical for food safety managers and retailers to assess the possible risk posed to end-users. In addition, valuable insight and another angle to the depth of the problem, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis study of L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to determine the extent of L. monocytogenes contamination in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. The primary search terms, also known as keywords used, were restricted to peer-reviewed and review articles, and databases, including Google Scholars, Science-Direct, and Scopus, were searched. The inclusion of articles meeting eligibility criteria published between 2010 and 2020 after title, abstract, and full article screening. Data analysis was performed at multiple stages using quantitative meta-analysis reviews. RESULTS L. monocytogenes pooled proportion/prevalence was highest in chicken products determined at (22%) followed by various but uncategorized RTE foods at 21%. Regarding antibiotic resistance, profiling's highest pooled prevalence resistance was observed in penicillin at 80% resistance, followed by cephalosporin at 47%. CONCLUSION Within its limitations, this study has attempted to provide insight into the pooled proportion/prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile at the global level. Determining the proportion/prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods across the globe and antibiotic resistance profile is essential for providing quality food and reducing public health problems due to unsuccessful treatment of foodborne illness. This study provides insight into the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile. The results of this study partly endeavored to help appropriate authorities strengthen their preventive measures on specific RTE foods that are most likely to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Mpundu
- Ministry of Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Allan Rabson Mbewe
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Wizaso Mwasinga
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Nawa Mukumbuta
- Ministry of Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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Resveratrol influences the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by inhibiting production of aerolysin and biofilm. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ji X, Lu P, Hu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Dong L, Lv H, Wang S. Function Characterization of Endogenous Plasmids in Cronobacter sakazakii and Identification of p-Coumaric Acid as Plasmid-Curing Agent. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687243. [PMID: 34248908 PMCID: PMC8267800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence traits and antibiotic resistance are frequently provided by genes located on plasmids. However, experimental verification of the functions of these genes is often lacking due to a lack of related experimental technology. In the present study, an integrated suicide vector was used to efficiently and specifically delete a bacterial endogenous plasmid in Cronobacter sakazakii. The pESA3 plasmid was removed from C. sakazakii BAA-894, and we confirmed that this plasmid contributes to the invasion and virulence of this strain. In addition, the pGW1 plasmid was expunged from C. sakazakii GZcsf-1, and we confirmed that this plasmid confers multidrug resistance. We further screened plasmid-curing agents and found that p-coumaric acid had a remarkable effect on the curing of pESA3 and pGW1 at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Our study investigated the contribution of endogenous plasmids pESA3 and pGW1 by constructing plasmid-cured strains using suicide vectors and suggested that p-coumaric acid can be a safe and effective plasmid-curing agent for C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Jin L, Bao J, Chen Y, Yang W, Du W. Structural insights into acyl-ACP selective recognition by the Aeromonas hydrophila AHL synthase AhyI. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:173. [PMID: 34103011 PMCID: PMC8188788 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium and the major causative agent of the fish disease motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS). It uses N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing signals to coordinate biofilm formation, motility, and virulence gene expression. The AHL signaling pathway is therefore considered to be a therapeutic target against pathogenic A. hydrophila infection. In A. hydrophila, AHL autoinducers biosynthesis are specifically catalyzed by an ACP-dependent AHL synthase AhyI using the precursors SAM and acyl-ACP. Our previously reported AhyI was heterologously expressed in E. coli, which showed the production characteristics of medium-long chain AHLs. This contradicted the prevailing understanding that AhyI was only a short-chain C4/C6-HSL synthase. Results In this study, six linear acyl-ACP proteins with C-terminal his-tags were synthesized in Vibrio harveyi AasS using fatty acids and E. coli produced active holo-ACP proteins, and in vitro biosynthetic assays of six AHL molecules and kinetic studies of recombinant AhyI with a panel of four linear acyl-ACPs were performed. UPLC-MS/MS analyses indicated that AhyI can synthesize short-, medium- and long-chain AHLs from SAM and corresponding linear acyl-ACP substrates. Kinetic parameters measured using a DCPIP colorimetric assay, showed that there was a notable decrease in catalytic efficiency with acyl-chain lengths above C6, and hyperbolic or sigmoidal responses in rate curves were observed for varying acyl-donor substrates. Primary sequence alignment of the six representative AHL synthases offers insights into the structural basis for their specific acyl substrate preference. To further understand the acyl chain length preference of AhyI for linear acyl-ACP, we performed a structural comparison of three ACP-dependent LuxI homologs (TofI, BmaI1 and AhyI) and identified three key hydrophobic residues (I67, F125 and L157) which confer AhyI to selectively recognize native C4/C6-ACP substrates. These predictions were further supported by a computational Ala mutation assay. Conclusions In this study, we have redefined AhyI as a multiple short- to long-chain AHL synthase which uses C4/C6-ACP as native acyl substrates and longer acyl-ACPs (C8 ~ C14) as non-native ones. We also theorized that the key residues in AhyI would likely drive acyl-ACP selective recognition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02244-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Jingjiao Bao
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Wenyi Du
- Sichuan MoDe Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, China
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Li Z, Zhang L, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen J, Tang H, Lin L, Lin X. Proteomics analysis reveals the importance of transcriptional regulator slyA in regulation of several physiological functions in Aeromonas hydrophila. J Proteomics 2021; 244:104275. [PMID: 34044167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SlyA is a well-known transcription factor that plays important roles in the regulation of diverse physiological functions including virulence and stress response in various bacterial species. The biological effects of slyA have species-specific characteristics. In this study, a phenotype assay showed that slyA gene deletion in Aeromonas hydrophila (ahslyA) decreased biofilm formation capability but did not affect bacterial hemolytic activity or acid stress response. The differentially expressed proteins between ΔahslyA and wild-type strains were compared by label-free quantitative proteomics to further understand the effects of AhSlyA on biological functions. Bioinformatics assays showed that ΔahslyA may be involved in the regulation of several intracellular metabolic pathways such as galactose metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and sulfur metabolism. A further phenotypic assay confirmed that AhSlyA plays an important role in the regulation of sulfur and phosphate metabolism. Moreover, ahslyA also directly or indirectly regulated at least eight outer membrane proteins involved in the maintenance of cell permeability. Overall, the results provide insights into the functions of ahslyA and demonstrate its importance in A. hydrophila. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we compared the DEPs between the transcriptional regulator slyA-deleted and the wild-type A. hydrophila strains using a label-free quantitative proteomics method. The bioinformatics analysis showed that slyA may be involved in the regulation of several metabolic pathways. Subsequent phenotype and growth assays confirmed that ΔahslyA affected sulfur and phosphate metabolism, and OM permeability. Finally, a ChIP-PCR assay further confirmed that AhSlyA directly binds to the promoters of several candidate genes, including sulfur metabolism-related genes. These results indicated that slyA plays an important regulatory role in pleiotropic physiological functions of A. hydrophila, and these functions may be different from those identified in previous reports from other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, 363000 Zhangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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De Silva LADS, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance potential of Aeromonas spp. associated with shellfish. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:176-186. [PMID: 33891720 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are associated with seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. In seafood industry, shellfish play a major role in global seafood production. With this emerging trend of shellfish consumption, shellfish-related bacterial infections are being reported frequently. Aeromonas spp. are natural contaminants found in shellfish. Although 36 species have been identified, some species including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria have dragged major attention as foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The ability to elaborate a variety of virulence factors of Aeromonas spp. contributes to the pathogenic activities. Also, emerging antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas spp. has become a huge challenge in seafood industry. Furthermore, multidrug resistance increases the risk of consumer health. Studies have supplied pieces of evidence about the emerging health risk of Aeromonas spp. isolated from seafood. Therefore, the present review was intended to highlight the prevalence, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from various types of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A D S De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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The MCR-3 inside linker appears as a facilitator of colistin resistance. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109135. [PMID: 34010644 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An evolving family of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) enzymes is threatening public health. However, the molecular mechanism by which the MCR enzyme as a rare member of lipid A-phosphoethanolamine (PEA) transferases gains the ability to confer phenotypic colistin resistance remains enigmatic. Here, we report an unusual example that genetic duplication and amplification produce a functional variant (Ah762) of MCR-3 in certain Aeromonas species. The lipid A-binding cavity of Ah762 is functionally defined. Intriguingly, we locate a hinge linker of Ah762 (termed Linker 59) that determines the MCR. Genetic and biochemical characterization reveals that Linker 59 behaves as a facilitator to render inactive MCR variants to regain the ability of colistin resistance. Along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) suggests that this facilitator guarantees the formation of substrate phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-accessible pocket within MCR-3-like enzymes. Therefore, our finding defines an MCR-3 inside facilitator for colistin resistance.
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Islam MS, Yang X, Euler CW, Han X, Liu J, Hossen MI, Zhou Y, Li J. Application of a novel phage ZPAH7 for controlling multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila on lettuce and reducing biofilms. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Essawy E, Abdelfattah MS, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Natural Phenolic Compounds against Drug-Resistant Fish Pathogens and Their Cytotoxicity: An In Vitro Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010022. [PMID: 33429926 PMCID: PMC7827678 DOI: 10.3390/md19010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish pathogens causing disease outbreaks represent a major threat to aquaculture industry and food security. The aim of the presented study is to develop safe and effective bioactive agents against two bacterial isolates: Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. We employed a broth microdilution method to investigate the antibacterial effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Ruta graveneoles; and heliomycin, a secondary metabolite produced by marine actinomycetes AB5, as monotherapeutic agents. Moreover, AgNPs in combination with rutin (AgNP + R) and heliomycin (AgNPs + H) were examined for their synergistic effect. The cytotoxic effect of individual bioactive compounds and in combination with AgNPs was investigated on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) fish cell lines. Individual treatment of AgNPs, rutin, and heliomycin exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens. Rutin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed the lowest cytotoxicity when tested on EPC cell lines, while heliomycin MIC was highly cytotoxic. Combined subtherapeutic doses of AgNPs + R and AgNPs + H displayed additive and synergistic effects against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens, respectively, with improved results and relative safety profile. The study findings demonstrate that a combination of AgNPs and natural bioactive compounds may represent novel therapeutics fighting fish pathogens potentially affecting the fish farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Essawy
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-250774736; Fax: +43-1-250775192
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Marine Natural Products Unit, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (M.S.)
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Chen YF, Qin HB, Ke WJ, Liu YJ, Qin LM, Yang Y, Yu H, Tan YS. Antibacterial potential and mechanism of action of dithiocyano-methane as a bactericidal agent for farm disinfection. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:647-657. [PMID: 33119148 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial ability and action mechanism of dithiocyano-methane against Aeromonas hydrophila, so as to provide a reference for its application in farm disinfection. METHODS AND RESULTS After exposing the bacteria to dithiocyano-methane, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericide concentration (MBC), activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase and electric conductivity in bacterial suspensions were determined, transmission electron microscope images on cellular structure and SDS-PAGE profile of bacterial proteins were analysed and the expression of genes related to the above experimental observations was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. The MIC and MBC of dithiocyano-methane against three tested strains was 1·46 and 2·93 mg l-1 respectively. The results showed that dithiocyano-methane significantly damaged bacterial cell structure, inhibited the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins and changed the integrity and permeability of bacterial cell wall and cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS Dithiocyano-methane showed remarkable antibacterial ability against three tested strains, indicating it is a potential effective bactericidal agent for preventing animal diseases resulted from Aer. hydrophila. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our best knowledge, this is the first report to examine the antibacterial ability and action mechanism of dithiocyano-methane against bacteria. The results demonstrate the great potential of dithiocyano-methane as a disinfectant against Aer. hydrophila in settings such as aquaculture ponds and livestock farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - H-B Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - W-J Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Y-J Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - L-M Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Y Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - H Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Y-S Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Liu L, Li LY, Lin H, Wu XY, Bi WJ, Wang LT, Mao DQ, Luo Y. The prevalence of ampicillin-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria undergoing selective stress of heavy metal pollutants in the Xiangjiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115362. [PMID: 33035873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of clinically relevant β-lactam-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health and presents a major challenge for medical treatment. How opportunistic pathogenic bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the environment are still unclear. In this study, we further confirmed that the selective pressure of heavy metals contributes to the increase in ampicillin-resistant opportunistic pathogens in the Xiangjiang River. Four ampicillin-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas monteilii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were isolated on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The abundance of these opportunistic pathogenic bacteria significantly increased in the sites downstream of the Xiangjiang River that were heavily influenced by metal mining activities. A microcosm experiment showed that the abundance of β-lactam resistance genes carried by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the heavy metal (Cu2+ and Zn2+) treatment group was 2-10 times higher than that in the control. Moreover, heavy metals (Cu2+ and Zn2+) significantly increased the horizontal transfer of plasmids in pathogenic bacteria. Of particular interest is that heavy metals facilitated the horizontal transfer of conjugative plasmids, which may lead to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in the Xiangjiang River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact (preparatory), Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lin-Yun Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huai Lin
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Jing Bi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Tao Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact (preparatory), Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Da-Qing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Setiaji J, Feliatra F, Teruna HY, Lukistyowati I, Suharman I, Muchlisin ZA, Johan TI. Antibacterial activity in secondary metabolite extracts of heterotrophic bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. F1000Res 2020; 9:1491. [PMID: 33537126 PMCID: PMC7839275 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26215.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disease causing bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa present a problem for fish farming. Treatment to remove them are generally carried out using antibiotics which have side effects on fish, the environment and humans. However, the use of antibacterial compounds derived from heterotrophic bacteria serve as a good alternative for antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to explore antibacterial activity in the secondary metabolite extracts of heterotrophic bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Heterotrophic bacteria namely Bacillus sp. JS04 MT102913.1, Bacillus toyonensis JS08 MT102920.1, Bacillus cereus JS10 MT102922.1, Bacillus sp. JS11 MT102923.1, Pseudoalteromonas sp. JS19 MT102924.1, Bacillus cereus JS22 MT102926.1, and Bacillus sp. strain JS25 MT102927.1 were used in this study. The sequences of these bacteria have been deposited and are available from NCBI GenBank. Each heterotrophic bacterium was cultured on 6L nutrient broth for 8 days, and extracts produced using ethyl acetate to obtain their secondary metabolites. These extracts were tested for their phytochemical contents using FT-IR and also tested for their inhibitory property in pathogenic bacteria by agar diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical test results showed that the seven heterotrophic bacterial isolates produced terpenoid compounds. Based on the inhibitory test, the secondary metabolite extracts from Bacillus sp strain JS04 had the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogenic bacteria namely, V. alginolyticus (17.5 mm), A. hydrophila (16.8 mm), and P. aeruginosa (17.3 mm). Conclusion: It was concluded that the secondary metabolite extracts of heterotrophic bacteria inhibit the growth of V. alginolyticus, A. hydrophila, and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Setiaji
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science., Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Feli Feliatra
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science., Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Hilwan Yuda Teruna
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Iesje Lukistyowati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science., Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Indra Suharman
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science., Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Abidin Muchlisin
- Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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76
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Saengsitthisak B, Chaisri W, Punyapornwithaya V, Mektrirat R, Klayraung S, Bernard JK, Pikulkaew S. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province. Pathogens 2020; 9:E973. [PMID: 33266430 PMCID: PMC7700646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, the indiscriminate and comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute to the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common. The frequent detection of antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish and their environments are inevitable so as to decrease the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from aquatic sources to other environments. This study evaluated the prevalence of common bacteria species and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in ornamental fish that were sold in an ornamental fish shop in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Aeromonas spp. were the most dominant of the isolated species from the ornamental fish samples and accounted for 68.09% of the total. Other species detected included Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Citrobacter spp. A high percentage of resistance to amoxicillin (93.75%), oxytetracycline (79.69%), and erythromycin (75.00%) was observed among the Aeromonas spp. The antimicrobial resistance information for ornamental fish is very limited, and the results from this study indicate that the Aeromonas spp. are highly resistant to several important antibiotics. The results suggest that additional steps should be taken to educate store owners to reduce the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics to decrease the antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish to potentially improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banthita Saengsitthisak
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Epidemiology Research Center of Infectious Disease, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA;
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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77
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Thomas SG, Abajorga M, Glover MA, Wengert PC, Parthasarathy A, Savka MA, Wadsworth CB, Shipman PA, Hudson AO. Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669-Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Isolated from Spotted Turtles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111805. [PMID: 33212916 PMCID: PMC7698337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, and biofilm formation enables bacteria to resist antibiotic at much higher concentrations than planktonic cells. Earlier, we showed that the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 (closely related to C. freundii NBRC 12681) from infected spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), formed biofilms and upregulated toxin expression on plastic surfaces, and were predicted to possess multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we show that they each resist several antibiotics in the planktonic phase, but were susceptible to neomycin, and high concentrations of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The susceptibility of their biofilms to neomycin and cotrimoxazole was tested using the Calgary device. For A. hydrophila, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 500-1000, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 32.3-62.5, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. For C. freundii MIC = 7.8-15.6, and, MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 7.8, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. Both A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis activated an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent biosensor, suggesting that quorum sensing could mediate biofilm formation. Their multidrug resistance in the planktonic form, and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, indicate that A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis are potential zoonotic pathogens, with risks for patients living with implants.
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78
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Sheng L, Wang L. The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:738-786. [PMID: 33325100 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a crucial and unique role in fish and fish product safety. The presence of human pathogens and the formation of histamine caused by spoilage bacteria make the control of both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms critical for fish product safety. To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the involvement of microorganisms in fish and fish product safety, this paper reviewed outbreak and recall surveillance data obtained from government agencies from 1998 to 2018 and identified major safety concerns associated with both domestic and imported fish products. The review also summarized all available literature about the prevalence of major and emerging microbial safety concerns, including Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila, in different fish and fish products and the survival of these pathogens under different storage conditions. The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), two emerging food safety concerns, is also reviewed. Pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms as well as ARB and ARGs can be introduced into fish and fish products in both preharvest and postharvest stages. Many novel intervention strategies have been proposed and tested for the control of different microorganisms on fish and fish products. One key question that needs to be considered when developing and implementing novel control measures is how to ensure that the measures are cost and environment friendly as well as sustainable. Over the years, regulations have been established to provide guidance documents for good farming and processing practices. To be more prepared for the globalization of the food chain, harmonization of regulations is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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79
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Gallani SU, Valladão GMR, Assane IM, Alves LDO, Kotzent S, Hashimoto DT, Pilarski F. Motile Aeromonas septicemia in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum: Pathogenicity, lethality and new insights for control and disinfection in aquaculture. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104512. [PMID: 32966864 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the most produced native fish in South America. Besides the lack of knowledge regarding bacteria-stricken diseases, the unappropriated using of off-label therapies are common. In this study, Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenicity for tambaqui was first established by Koch's Postulate. Lethal doses (LD) were settled for investigation of clinical signs and mortality. The antimicrobial activities were investigated by disk-diffusion test against 11 antibiotics and by broth microdilution methods against 3 antibiotics, 7 disinfectants and 11 herbal medicines. LD experiment showed up to 80% of fish mortality, skin darkness, ulcers, hemorrhage, lethargy and hypo/anorexia in all groups, with exception of control. The LD10,50,90 and 99 were established in 4.1 × 107, 8.8 × 107, 1.9 × 108 e 3.6 × 108 CFU/mL, respectively. Ceftriaxone, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and thiamphenicol were considered promising against A. hydrophila. All herbal medicines were classified as bactericides, but clove Eugenia caryophyllata and cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum displayed strongest activities. Among disinfectants, malachite green was the only that did not present acceptable values, discouraging its use. In conclusion, Koch's postulate was fulfilled and tambaqui entered to the vast list of A. hydrophila hosts and promising results of chemical substances were provided, contributing to motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Umeda Gallani
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Aquatic Organisms, Nilton Lins University (UNL), Amazonas, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Nilton Lins University (UNL), Amazonas, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Mateus Assane
- Zambeze University (UniZambeze), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ulónguè, 2306, Mozambique; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Lindomar de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Kotzent
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Teruo Hashimoto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Conservation, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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80
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Duman M, Saticioglu IB, Altun S. The determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by MIC and epidemiological cut-off values and the detection of resistance genes in Aeromonas species isolated from cultured fish. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:531-541. [PMID: 32726860 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining antimicrobial susceptibility by a CLSI standard microdilution testing protocol and detecting the resistance genes of motile Aeromonas species isolated from cultured fish. The importance of the minimum inhibitory concentrations was assessed based on statistically determined epidemiological cut-off values calculated by normalized resistance analysis. Unfortunately, CLSI epidemiological cut-off values are available only for Aeromonas salmonicida, and there is no further detailed data on Aeromonas isolated from aquatic animals. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of pre-identified motile Aeromonas species to florfenicol, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole were determined by calculating epidemiological cut-off values with fully automated and freely available Excel spreadsheets, applying the normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) method. Furthermore, the presence of the antimicrobial resistance genes floR, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetH, sulI, sulII and sulIII was detected by PCR analysis and confirmed by sequence analysis. The presence of up to six different genes (multiple antimicrobial resistance) was determined in the Aeromonas isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Significance and Impact of the Study: In this study, we investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance characteristics by a novel method based on epidemiological cut-off values. This is the second comprehensive study on the antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics of Aeromonas species using NRI and epidemiological cut-off values. The present research is related to our previous researches focussed on the identification of motile Aeromonads, their prevalence in relation to different fish lengths, seasons and regions, and covered the investigation of Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri, Flavobacterium spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - I B Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - S Altun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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81
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Antimicrobial Resistance analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Kerala, India. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3278-3287. [PMID: 32776225 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture of popular freshwater species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), accounts for around 71% of the total global tilapia production. Frequent use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in tilapia leads to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To mitigate the issue, proper evaluation methods and control strategies have to be implemented. This study was aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from the infected Nile tilapia cultured in freshwater. The recovered isolates were identified as Pseudomonas entomophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Comamonas sp, Delftia tsuruhatensis, Aeromonas dhakensis, A. sobria, A. hydrophila, A. lacus, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vogesella perlucida through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Using Primer-E software, Shannon Wiener diversity index of the isolates was determined as H' (loge) = 2.58. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the recovered strains through disk diffusion using 47 antibiotics, showed an elevated resistance pattern for Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas entomophila and Comamonas with higher multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MAR index > 0.3). The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics was > 256 mcg/ml for most of the resistant isolates. Meanwhile, all the recovered isolates were susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, kanamycin, cefalexin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, piperacillin, and polymyxin-B.
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82
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Mehta M, Liu Y, Waterland M, Holmes G. Characterization of the Degradation of Sheepskin by Monitoring Cytochrome c of Bacteria by Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1792476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mehta
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mark Waterland
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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83
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Liu J, Gao S, Dong Y, Lu C, Liu Y. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages against virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:141. [PMID: 32487015 PMCID: PMC7268745 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas hydrophila is an important water-borne pathogen that leads to a great economic loss in aquaculture. Along with the abuse of antibiotics, drug-resistant strains rise rapidly. In addition, the biofilms formed by this bacterium limited the antibacterial effect of antibiotics. Bacteriophages have been attracting increasing attention as a potential alternative to antibiotics against bacterial infections. Results Five phages against pathogenic A. hydrophila, named N21, W3, G65, Y71 and Y81, were isolated. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that phages N21, W3 and G65 belong to the family Myoviridae, while Y71 and Y81 belong to the Podoviridae. These phages were found to have broad host spectra, short latent periods and normal burst sizes. They were sensitive to high temperature but had a wide adaptability to the pH. In addition, the phages G65 and Y81 showed considerable bacterial killing effect and potential in preventing formation of A. hydrophila biofilm; and the phages G65, W3 and N21 were able to scavenge mature biofilm effectively. Phage treatments applied to the pathogenic A. hydrophila in mice model resulted in a significantly decreased bacterial loads in tissues. Conclusions Five A. hydrophila phages were isolated with broad host ranges, low latent periods, and wide pH and thermal tolerance. And the phages exhibited varying abilities in controlling A. hydrophila infection. This work presents promising data supporting the future use of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Sucheng District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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84
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Shirajum Monir M, Yusoff SM, Mohamad A, Ina-Salwany MY. Vaccination of Tilapia against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia: A Review. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2020; 32:65-76. [PMID: 32331001 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The production of tilapia Oreochromis spp. is rapidly growing throughout the world, but atypical motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) is a current threat to the tilapia farming industry. The etiological agent of this disease is usually Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality rates due to MAS are frequently high, resulting in a devastating negative impact on this industry worldwide; therefore, proper control measures regarding both prevention and treatment are necessary. Although vaccines against MAS for tilapia are available, their effectiveness is entirely dependent on the specific strain of problematic bacteria. Until now, whole-cell inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines for tilapia have exhibited the highest level of protection over live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. Among the various vaccine administration systems, only intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the A. hydrophila vaccine into tilapia were found to provide prominent immune protection. Vaccine efficacy was primarily measured by using the i.p. injection challenge model and estimating the relative percent survival of the immunized tilapia. Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed to be the most effective for tilapia MAS vaccines. In this review, multiple factors that directly or indirectly influence the efficacy of MAS vaccines for tilapia (adjuvants, challenge models, immunization doses and duration, and size of vaccinated fish) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shirajum Monir
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aslah Mohamad
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Y Ina-Salwany
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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85
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Wang Y, Wang J, Bai D, Wei Y, Sun J, Luo Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Synergistic inhibition mechanism of pediocin PA-1 and L-lactic acid against Aeromonas hydrophila. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183346. [PMID: 32428447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediocin PA-1 (PA-1) is a membrane-targeting bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria, which shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens. However, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria does not allow pediocin access to its target. In this work, the synergistic inhibitory mechanism of PA-1 with L-lactic acid against Gram-negative aquaculture and food pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was analyzed. The combined treatment of 3.5 mmol/L L-lactic acid and 50 μmol/L (or 30 μmol/L) PA-1 had strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila. Full wavelength scanning and ELISA assay revealed the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of A. hydrophila caused by L-lactic acid treatment. Laser confocal microscopic imaging of A. hydrophila with FITC-labeled pediocin PA-1 proved the accumulation of PA-1 on lactic acid-treated bacterial cells. PA-1 then caused a rapid dissipation of membrane potential (Δψ) and a proton gradient difference (ΔpH) in lactic acid-treated A. hydrophila. Pediocin PA-1 also caused an increase in the extracellular ATP level. Morphology revealed by SEM and TEM showed that combined treating with lactic acid and PA-1 induced vesicles on the cell surface, the outer and inner membrane disruption, and even cytoplasm leakage and cell lysis. The results proved a potential mechanism of the synergistic inhibition of lactic acid and PA-1 against A. hydrophila, by which L-lactic acid released the outer membrane LPS, making it possible for PA-1 to contact the plasma membrane of A. hydrophila, resulting in the dissipation of proton-motive force in the inner membrane and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingru Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Dongqing Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunlu Wei
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
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86
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Multi-drug resistant mesophilic aeromonads isolated from marketed scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) harboring resistance genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aopf-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance properties of 32 Aeromonas strains isolated from fresh scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay)) marketed in Korea were assessed. All the Aeromonas spp., including A. salmonicida, were mesophilic and grew very well at 37°C. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobials belonging to eight antimicrobial classes. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, which means they were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Higher resistance rates (≥ 50%) were observed for ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, imipenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and nalidixic acid while intermediate resistance was also determined. PCR assays revealed the presence of many antimicrobial resistance genes among the isolates in varying combinations. Among them, some isolates harbored higher numbers of resistant genes, e.g., A. veronii-V1 (aac(6’)-Ib, tetE, qnrS, IntI1), A. salmonicida–SL10 (IntI1, blaCTX, aac(3’)-Ib, aac(6’)-Ib, qnrS), A. hydrophila–H13 (IntI1, blaTEM, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib, strA-strB). However, neither the blaSHV, blaIMP, tetB, qnrA, qnrB, and aphAI-IAB genes nor class1 integrons were detected in any of the isolates. Discrepancies between phenotypic and genetic resistance traits were observed in some isolates. With respect to outcomes, scallops are proposed as a source of multi-drug resistant Aeromonas spp. that harbor antimicrobial resistant genes.
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87
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Virulence-Associated Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Animal, Food, and Human Sources in Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1052607. [PMID: 32461959 PMCID: PMC7229560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonads are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and may be associated with various human or animal diseases. Its pathogenicity is complex and multifactorial and is associated with many virulence factors. In this study, 110 selected Aeromonas hydrophila isolates isolated from food, animals, and human clinical material from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the virulence genes hemolysin (hlyA), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), aerolysin (aerA), and DNase-nuclease (exu). At least 92.7% of the isolates had one of the investigated virulence genes. Twenty different virulence profiles among the isolates were recognized, and the five investigated virulence genes were observed in four isolates. Human source isolates showed greater diversity than food and animal sources. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 46.4% of the isolates, and multidrug resistance was detected in 3.6% of the isolates. Among the 120 isolates, 45% were resistant to cefoxitin; 23.5% to nalidixic acid; 16.6% to tetracycline; 13.7% to cefotaxime and imipenem; 11.8% to ceftazidime; 5.9% to amikacin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; and 3.9% to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. Overall, the findings of our study indicated the presence of virulence genes and that antimicrobial resistance in A. hydrophila isolates in this study is compatible with potentially pathogenic bacteria. This information will allow us to recognize the potential risk through circulating isolates in animal health and public health and the spread through the food chain offering subsidies for appropriate sanitary actions.
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88
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Yin L, Chen J, Wang K, Geng Y, Lai W, Huang X, Chen D, Guo H, Fang J, Chen Z, Tang L, Huang C, Li N, Ouyang P. Study the antibacterial mechanism of cinnamaldehyde against drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104208. [PMID: 32325237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a highly infectious pathogen, causes several infections in aquatic animals and huge economic losses. Antibiotics are often used to treat A. hydrophila infections. However, overuse and irrational usage of antibiotics has led to severe antibiotic residues and emergence of resistance. There is therefore an urgent need for a new sustainable drug to control bacterial infection. Cinnamaldehyde, a plant-derived ingredient, has been found to have good antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila in vitro, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde against A. hydrophila by evaluating the effects of cinnamaldehyde on A. hydrophila cell growth, cell morphology, electrical conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein metabolism and DNA. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of cinnamaldehyde were 256 and 512 μg/mL, respectively. Microscopy results showed disrupted cell wall and membrane, loss of cytoplasm, interior cavitation and unusual binary fission in the cinnamaldehyde-treated group. Electrical conductivity, LDH activity content and DNA extravasation in cinnamaldehyde-treated A. hydrophila increased by 7.14%, 16.75% and 20.29 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, nucleic acid fluorescence intensity and density decreased over time in the cinnamaldehyde-treated group. Taken together, these findings suggest that cinnamaldehyde can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila by disrupting cell membranes and affecting protein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiehao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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89
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Molecular Typing, Antibiogram and PCR-RFLP Based Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030238. [PMID: 32235800 PMCID: PMC7157191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a common bacterial disease that affects Oreochromis niloticus and causes tremendous economic losses globally. In order to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram and the biodiversity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex, a total of 250 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from 10 private tilapia farms (25 fish/farm) at El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The collected fish were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations. The majority of infected fish displayed ulcerative necrosis, exophthalmia, and internal signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The prevalence of A. hydrophia complex was 13.2%, where the liver was the most predominant affected organ (54.1%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the identification of A. hydrophila complex using one set of primers targeting gyrB as well as the detection of virulent genes (aerA, alt, and ahp). All isolates were positive for the gyrB-conserved gene and harbored aerA and alt virulence genes. However, none of those isolates were positive for the ahp gene. The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out, where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to amoxicillin. All retrieved strains showed the same phenotypic characteristics and were identical based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Experimentally challenged fish presented a high mortality rate (76.67%) and showed typical signs as in naturally infected ones. In conclusion, the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of A. hydrophila complex. RFLP is a fundamental tool for monitoring the biodiversity among all retrieved strains of A. hydrophia.
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90
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Nwaiwu O, Aduba CC. An in silico analysis of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas plasmids. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:75-91. [PMID: 32226916 PMCID: PMC7099201 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of 105 Aeromonas species plasmids were probed for acquired anti-microbial resistance (AMR) genes using a bioinformatics approach. The plasmids showed no positive linear correlation between size and GC content and up to 55 acquired AMR genes were found in 39 (37%) plasmids after in silico screening for resistance against 15 antibiotic drug classes. Overall, potential multiple antibiotic resistance (p-MAR) index ranged from 0.07 to 0.53. Up to 18 plasmids were predicted to mediate multiple drug resistance (MDR). Plasmids pS121-1a (A. salmonicida), pWCX23_1 (A. hydrophila) and pASP-a58 (A. veronii) harboured 18, 15 and 14 AMR genes respectively. The five most occurring drug classes for which AMR genes were detected were aminoglycosides (27%), followed by beta-lactams (17%), sulphonamides (13%), fluoroquinolones (13%), and phenicols (10%). The most prevalent genes were a sulphonamide resistant gene Sul1, the gene aac (6')-Ib-cr (aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyl transferase type Ib-cr) resistant to aminoglycosides and the blaKPC-2 gene, which encodes carbapenemase-production. Plasmid acquisition of AMR genes was mainly inter-genus rather than intra-genus. Eighteen plasmids showed template or host genes acquired from Pseudomonas monteilii, Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli. The most occurring antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) were beta-lactamase, followed by aminoglycosides acetyl-transferases, and then efflux pumps. Screening of new isolates in vitro and in vivo is required to ascertain the level of phenotypic expression of colistin and other acquired AMR genes detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogueri Nwaiwu
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Chiugo Claret Aduba
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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91
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Han Z, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yan J, Xiao J, Luo Y, Zheng H, Zhong H. Ghrelin modulates the immune response and increases resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in hybrid tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:100-108. [PMID: 31911288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted by gastrointestinal tract which regulates multiple physiological processes such as appetite, metabolism, growth and gonad development in fish. In the present study, the effects of ghrelin on hybrid tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila are elucidated. Juvenile hybrid tilapia fish (20.0 ± 5.0 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 ng/g ghrelin/body weight synthetic ghrelin alone or in combination with A. hydrophila (0.5 × 106 CFU). At 10 days post treatment, the survival rate in the group that received 1.0 ng/g ghrelin/body weight ghrelin in combination with A. hydrophila was higher (66.66%) than that of the Ah group (13.33%) that received A. hydrophila alone. In tilapia that received ghrelin injections, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels tended to increase at 5 h, while injection of 10.0 ng/g ghrelin/body weight ghrelin resulted in a significant decrease in ROS levels at 10 h. No changes in serum immune or antioxidant-related indicators were observed in fish injected with A. hydrophila compared to controls. However, ghrelin injection decreased Albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lysozyme (LZM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histological analysis showed that ghrelin injection alleviated the pathological changes in liver and spleen caused by A. hydrophila infection. Overall, the expression of HSP70, IL-1β, and TGF-β in the liver tended to upregulate compared to the control. In the kidney, HSP70, IL-1β and TGF-β levels were increased, and TNF-α expression levels were decreased compared to the control. The HSP70 level in the spleen was decreased, and IL-1β, TGF-β, and TNF-α were expressed at significantly higher levels in the spleen in the tilapia that received ghrelin injections. Taken together, our results indicate that injection with 1.0 ng/g ghrelin/body weight ghrelin may effectively protect juvenile hybrid tilapia against A. hydrophila infection by improving hematological indicators, maintaining normal histology and regulating cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinpeng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Aquatic Healthy Breeding and Nutrition Regulation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Huan Zhong
- Guangxi Tilapia Genetic Breeding Center, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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92
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Dahanayake PS, Hossain S, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas species isolated from marketed cockles (Tegillarca granosa) in Korea. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:94-101. [PMID: 31943254 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine incidence, virulence and antimicrobial properties in Aeromonas spp. isolated from cockles (Tegillarca granosa) in Korea. Firstly, genomic DNA was extracted from 32 Aeromonas spp. isolates, and PCR screening for virulence, antimicrobial resistance genes was carried out. The disk diffusion assay was used to examine antimicrobial susceptibility. Aeromonas spp. isolates comprised, A. hydrophila (n = 8), A. veronii (n = 15), A. media (n = 2), A. salmonicida (n = 2), A. allosaccharophila (n = 1), A. bestiarum (n = 1), A. culicicola (n = 1), A. enteropelogenes (n = 1) and A. rivipollensis (n = 1). High prevalence of virulence-related genes reported as; act (69%), alt (47%), ast (41%), aerA (56%), lip (50%), ahyB (47%), ser (28%), fla (66%), gcat (44%), ascV (50%) and hlyA (72%). All isolates were multidrug resistant, while highest resistance level observed for ampicillin (100%), followed by imipenem (81%), rifampicin (78%), cephalothin (72%), piperacillin (47%) and Colistin sulfate (31%). The presence of blaSHV , blaCTX , tetE, aac(6')-Ib, strA-strB, qnrS, qnrB and IntI1 genes were reported in varying combinations. Nevertheless, blaTEM , blaIMP , tetA, tetB, qnrA, qnrB and aphAI-IAB genes and the class1 integron were not detected. The high occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in cockles reveals that it can be a potential health risk source for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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93
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Wang Q, Ji W, Xu Z. Current use and development of fish vaccines in China. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:223-234. [PMID: 31821845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the aquaculture industry made great progress in China, which contributes more than 70% yield of the world's farmed fish. Along with the rapid growth of fish production, increased emergence and outbreak of numbers of diseases pose harm to the aquaculture industry and food safety. From the efficient, safe, environmental and ethical aspects, vaccines is definitely the most appropriate and focused method to control different kinds of fish diseases. In China, researchers have done huge works on the fish vaccines, and so far six domestic aquatic vaccine products along with one imported aquatic vaccine have obtained the national veterinary medicine certificate. More critically, some new vaccines have also entered the field experiment stage and showed broad market prospects. In the present review, authors summarize seven aquatic vaccines, including the live vaccine against grass carp hemorrhagic disease, the inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis in fish, the live vaccine against Edwardsiella tarda in turbot, the anti-idiotypic antibody vaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and E. tarda in Japanese flounder, the cell-cultured inactivated vaccine against grass carp hemorrhagic disease, the inactivated vaccine against fish infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and the genetically engineered live vaccine against V. anguillarum in turbot. Moreover, different delivery routes of fish vaccines are also compared in this review, along with differential fish immune response after vaccination. All these efforts will ultimately benefit the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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94
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Phumkhachorn P, Rattanachaikunsopon P. Use of Bacteriophage to Control Experimental Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1659-1665. [PMID: 33274900 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1659.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antibiotics have been used to treat Aeromonas hydrophila infections in fish farming. However, their extensive uses can cause many negative effects including the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains. The main objective of this study was to find an alternative to antibiotics to inhibit A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bacteriophage infecting A. hydrophila was isolated from a fish a pond water sample. It was classified based on its genome type studied by enzymatic digestion and morphology investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Its ability to control experimental A. hydrophila infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was examined by feeding tilapia with fish diets supplemented with different titers of the bacteriophage. RESULTS A bacteriophage specific to Aeromonas hydrophila UR1 designated PAh4 was isolated and classified as a member of the family Myoviridae. When tilapia experimentally infected with A. hydrophila at the median lethal dose (3.16×105 CFU per fish) were fed the fish diets supplemented with the bacteriophage PAh4 at doses ranging from 105-108 PFU g-1 of diet, the diets could reduce the mortality rate of infected tilapia in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The bacteriophage PAh4 can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to control A. hydrophila infection in tilapia.
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95
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Zhu W, Zhou S, Chu W. Comparative proteomic analysis of sensitive and multi-drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased fish. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103930. [PMID: 31846742 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Aeromonas hydrophila has exponentially increased in the past decade, and reached an alarming rate making it a major concern in the aquaculture industry in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the regulation of proteins expression in multi-drug resistance and susceptible A. hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry. 28 isolates of A. hydrophila were successfully identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates have different drug resistant patterns. A total of 61 and 17 differently expressed proteins were identified in MDR and susceptible A. hydrophila, respectively, evidencing that biological processes related to carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance and propanoate metabolism were down-regulated in MDR strain, while proteins involved in biosynthesis of antibiotics, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were highly expressed in the sensitive strain. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins from multi-drug resistance and susceptible strains suggests that a number of proteins are involved in several metabolic metabolism pathways plays an important role in A. hydrophila drug resistance. Our findings provide new insights about mechanisms involved in drug resistance and propose possible novel targets for developing alternative antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuxin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhao XL, Jin ZH, DI GL, Li L, Kong XH. Molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and medication regimen of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1769-1775. [PMID: 31406034 PMCID: PMC6943308 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila causes disease in fish known as Motile
Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), also named as bacterial hemorrhagic
septicemia. In this study, a pathogenic A. hydrophila strain was isolated
from common carp Cyprinus carpio L., which were suffering from severe
hemorrhagic septicemia. According to the phylogenetic analysis derived from 16S rDNA
sequence, the isolate formed a single branch in the A. hydrophila group,
named AhHN1. Artificial infection results indicated that AhHN1 showed strong pathogenicity
in C. carpio and the LD50 was 1.38 × 106 CFU/fish,
the clinical symptoms and pathological features of infected fish were similar to those
observed in natural infections. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that
AhHN1 resistance to more than 13 kinds of antimicrobial agents. However, the AhHN1 strain
exhibited an extremely sensitivity to enrofloxacin, the in vitro
activities of enrofloxacin were subsequently investigated and drug selection window (MSW)
was 0.0016–0.0125 µg/ml. Pharmacokinetics data showed
that plasma concentration of enrofloxacin was 0.0016, 0.0148 and 0.0282
µg/ml at 24 hr after orally administered with 2.5, 5
and 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin. Moreover, dosing once a day of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg
enrofloxacin, which the relative protection ratio (RPS) was amounted to 33.3, 66.7, and
83.3%, respectively. Therefore, 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin was considered to be the rational
regimen for controlling AhHN1 infection in C. carpio in the countries
where the use of enrofloxacin is permitted in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to
establish a scientific medication regimen for the prevention and therapy of the
mutidrug-resistant A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Jin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gui-Lan DI
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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97
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Dahanayake PS, Hossain S, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from marketed Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in Korea. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:941-952. [PMID: 31211903 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is one of the most popular seafood in Korea, owing to their unique taste and nutritional value. This study aimed to disclose the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance characteristics of Aeromonas spp. isolated from marketed Manila clam in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 36 Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated and subjected to two tests: an antibiotic disk diffusion test to determine their resistance to antibiotics, and a broth dilution test to determine their resistance to heavy metals. PCR-based amplification was performed to detect the resistance genes. A high level of resistance to ampicillin (100%) and cephalothin (89%) was observed, while 42, 39, 36 and 36% of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, imipenem, nalidixic acid and tetracycline respectively. In addition, among the tested heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) recorded the highest resistance rate (61%), followed by chromium (Cr) (50%), lead (Pb) (47%) and copper (Cu) (37%). However, mercury (Hg) resistance was not observed. PCRs revealed the occurrence of blaTEM , blaSHV , blaCTX-M , qnrS, tetB, tetE, aac(6')-Ib, strA-strB and intI1 genes among 100, 31, 31, 78, 78, 89, 25, 50 and 72% of the isolates respectively. Moreover, heavy metal resistance genes, copA, merA and czcA were detected in 25, 47 and 61% of the isolates respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the importance of multi-drug and heavy metal-resistant aeromonads in Manila clam to assess the consumer safety and public health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first to elaborate on the importance of multi-drug and heavy metal-resistant aeromonads in Manila clam. Particularly, the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase genes and other antibiotic resistance genes intensifies the possible health risks and may complicate therapeutic treatments upon infection, while heavy metal resistance suggests possible heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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98
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Deepika MS, Thangam R, Vijayakumar TS, Sasirekha R, Vimala RTV, Sivasubramanian S, Arun S, Babu MD, Thirumurugan R. Antibacterial synergy between rutin and florfenicol enhances therapeutic spectrum against drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103612. [PMID: 31252064 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has necessitated the drive to explore competent antimicrobial agents or to develop novel formulations to treat infections including Aeromonas hydrophila. The present study investigates the synergistic antibacterial effects of citrus flavonoid rutin and florfenicol (FF) against A. hydrophila in vitro and in vivo. Rutin is extracted and purified from Citrus sinensis peel through preparative HPLC and characterized through TLC, GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. Though rutin did not display significant antibacterial activity, it modulated FF activity resulting in four-fold reduction in the MIC value for FF. The anti-biofilm potential of synergistic association of rutin and FF was validated by protein analysis, quantification of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and microscopy studies using sub-MIC doses. Besides antibacterial action, in vivo studies showed that Rutin/FF combination enhanced host immunity by improving blood cell count, anti-protease, and lysozyme activities as well as decreased the oxidative stress and the pathological changes of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus against A. hydrophila infection. No significant DNA damages or clastogenic effects were detected in tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila under Rutin/FF treatment. It is shown that an acute-phase Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) enhances the innate host defence against bacterial challenge. Semi quantitative RT-PCR and western blot results revealed the significant increase of LBP in the supernatant of tilapia monocytes/macrophages challenged with A. hydrophila upon treatment. The study findings substantiate that the combination of natural molecules with antibiotics may open up possibilities to treat MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sathiya Deepika
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Centre for Academic and Research Excellence (CARE), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharumasivam Siva Vijayakumar
- P.G & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Sasirekha
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R T V Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridhar Arun
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Dinesh Babu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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100
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Zhang M, Qin Y, Huang L, Yan Q, Mao L, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen L. The role of sodA and sodB in Aeromonas hydrophila resisting oxidative damage to survive in fish macrophages and escape for further infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:489-495. [PMID: 30877060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several bacteria have been defined as extracellular pathogens; however, in recent years, it has been confirmed that they have the ability to survive and escape the attack of host phagocytes, thus causing further infection. Previous studies have shown that Aeromonas hydrophila could survive in fish macrophages; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, sodA and sodB of the strain A. hydrophila B11 were stable silenced by shRNA. The survival rates of intracellular sodA-RNAi and sodB-RNAi decreased by 91.8% and 74.9% and the immune escape rates decreased by about 32% and 92% respectively. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fish macrophages that phagocytosed sodA-RNAi and sodB-RNAi increased by 40% and 32.6%, respectively, compared to those of macrophages that phagocytosed the wild-type strain. Compared to sodA, the expression of sodB predominates in A. hydrophila without oxidative stress; however, when exposed to oxidative stress, the magnitude of up-regulation of sodA expression is significantly higher than that of sodB. With increased of methyl viologen concentration, the survival rates of sodA-RNAi and sodB-RNAi were significantly decreased. The expressions of sodA and sodB did not affect the growth of A. hydrophila without oxidative stress, but the inhibition of sodA and sodB expression led to a slight decrease in bacterial growth under oxidative stress. These results indicated that (1) sodA and sodB play an important role in the process of bacterial resistance to ROS damage in host phagocytic cells, allowing them to survive or even escape fish macrophages; (2) the sodB expression was dominant in A. hydrophila without oxidative stress, the sodA expression was up-regulated more significantly under oxidative stress, and sodA and sodB contributed equally to the process of bacterial resistance to ROS; (3) sodA and sodB complement each other and cooperate in the process of intracellular survival of bacteria to protect against ROS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Lixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Leilei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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