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Belzeaux R, Lin R, Ju C, Chay MA, Fiori LM, Lutz PE, Turecki G. Transcriptomic and epigenomic biomarkers of antidepressant response. J Affect Disord 2018; 233:36-44. [PMID: 28918100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressant treatment is associated with a high rate of poor response, and thus, biomarker development is warranted. METHODS We aimed to synthesize studies investigating gene expression, small RNAs, and epigenomic biomarkers of antidepressant response. We conducted a narrative review of the literature. RESULTS Firstly, we detailed the challenges involved, in terms of biological tissues, relevant study time frames, and mandatory statistical tools. Secondly we synthesized results obtained in gene expression studies, focusing mainly on genome-wide studies, particularly small non-coding RNA, including micro-RNA and other small RNA species. In addition, we reviewed the potential biomarkers of antidepressant response arising from studies investigating DNA methylation variation and histone modifications. LIMITATIONS We did not conduct a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the study. CONCLUSION Although promising, the field of gene expression and epigenomic biomarkers of antidepressant response is still in its infancy, and needs further development to define useful biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Belzeaux
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rixing Lin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chelsey Ju
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Aurele Chay
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS, UPR3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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52
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Cuperfain AB, Zhang ZL, Kennedy JL, Gonçalves VF. The Complex Interaction of Mitochondrial Genetics and Mitochondrial Pathways in Psychiatric Disease. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:52-69. [PMID: 29998118 DOI: 10.1159/000488031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While accounting for only 2% of the body's weight, the brain utilizes up to 20% of the body's total energy. Not surprisingly, metabolic dysfunction and energy supply-and-demand mismatch have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Mitochondria are responsible for providing the brain with most of its energetic demands, and the brain uses glucose as its exclusive energy source. Exploring the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of psychiatric disease is a promising avenue to investigate further. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial activity is a cornerstone in understanding disease pathogenesis related to metabolic dysfunction. In concert with neuroimaging and pathological study, genetics provides an important bridge between biochemical findings and clinical correlates in psychiatric disease. Mitochondrial genetics has several unique aspects to its analysis, and corresponding special considerations. Here, we review the components of mitochondrial genetic analysis - nuclear DNA, mitochon-drial DNA, mitochondrial pathways, pseudogenes, nuclear-mitochondrial mismatch, and microRNAs - that could contribute to an observable clinical phenotype. Throughout, we highlight psychiatric diseases that can arise due to dysfunction in these processes, with a focus on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Cuperfain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhi Lun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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53
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Tolahunase MR, Sagar R, Faiq M, Dada R. Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:423-442. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri R. Tolahunase
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb Faiq
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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54
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Uchida S, Yamagata H, Seki T, Watanabe Y. Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:212-227. [PMID: 29154458 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses as it affects more than 350 million people globally. Major depressive disorder is etiologically complex and disabling. Genetic factors play a role in the etiology of major depression. However, identical twin studies have shown high rates of discordance, indicating non-genetic mechanisms as well. For instance, stressful life events increase the risk of depression. Environmental stressors also induce stable changes in gene expression within the brain that may lead to maladaptive neuronal plasticity in regions implicated in disease pathogenesis. Epigenetic events alter the chromatin structure and thus modulate expression of genes that play a role in neuronal plasticity, behavioral response to stress, depressive behaviors, and response to antidepressants. Here, we review new information regarding current understanding of epigenetic events that may impact depression. In particular, we discuss the roles of histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA. These novel mechanisms of action may lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoe Seki
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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55
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Amadio P, Colombo GI, Tarantino E, Gianellini S, Ieraci A, Brioschi M, Banfi C, Werba JP, Parolari A, Lee FS, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. BDNFVal66met polymorphism: a potential bridge between depression and thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:1426-1435. [PMID: 26705390 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Epidemiological studies strongly suggest a link between stress, depression, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); the mechanistic correlation, however, is poorly understood. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the BDNF gene (BDNFVal66Met), associated with depression and anxiety, has been proposed as a genetic risk factor for CVD. Using a knock-in mouse carrying the BDNFVal66Met human polymorphism, which phenocopies psychiatric-related symptoms found in humans, we investigated the impact of this SNP on thrombosis. Methods and results BDNFMet/Met mice displayed a depressive-like phenotype concomitantly with hypercoagulable state and platelet hyperreactivity. Proteomic analysis of aorta secretome from BDNFMet/Met and wild-type (WT) mice showed differential expression of proteins involved in the coagulation and inflammatory cascades. The BDNF Met allele predisposed to carotid artery thrombosis FeCl3-induced and to death after collagen/epinephrine injection. Interestingly, transfection with BDNFMet construct induced a prothrombotic/proinflammatory phenotype in WT cells. SIRT1 activation, using resveratrol and/or CAY10591, prevented thrombus formation and restored the physiological levels of coagulation and of platelet markers in BDNFMet/Met mice and/or cells transfected with the Met allele. Conversely, inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol and/or by specific siRNA induced the prothrombotic/proinflammatory phenotype in WT mice and cells. Finally, we found that BDNF Met homozygosity is associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in humans. Conclusion Activation of platelets, alteration in coagulation pathways, and changes in vessel wall protein expression in BDNFMet/Met mice recapitulate well the features occurring in the anxiety/depression condition. Furthermore, our data suggest that the BDNFVal66Met polymorphism contribute to the individual propensity for arterial thrombosis related to AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | | | - Eva Tarantino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gianellini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - José P Werba
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parolari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Operative Unit of Cardiac Surgery and Translational Research, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Jonsson BH. Nicotinic Acid Long-Term Effectiveness in a Patient with Bipolar Type II Disorder: A Case of Vitamin Dependency. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020134. [PMID: 29382049 PMCID: PMC5852710 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA), often called niacin, a form of vitamin B₃, is a water-soluble nutrient found in animal and vegetarian foods. Vitamin B₃ for healthy people is considered to be needed in doses of less than 20 mg daily. In higher doses, NA has been described to be beneficial in some patients with psychiatric disorders. This report describes a male patient with bipolar type II disorder who for many years had been treated with lithium and other medications applied in affective disorders. These pharmacological drugs had beneficial effects but were at times insufficient. When the patient was prescribed NA, he experienced a comparatively strong effect. Slowly it was discovered that the patient could lower and cease all medications except NA. For over 11 years he has been stable and calm with NA and currently takes 1 g three times daily. When not taking NA, he consistently became anxious and depressed within 2-3 days. The resumption of NA resulted in a normal state usually within 1 day. This finding has been described as a vitamin dependency. The paper discusses possible mechanisms for the effect of NA in this patient. Further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin B₃ dependency and the biochemical explanations for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo H Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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57
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Kolshus E, Ryan KM, Blackshields G, Smyth P, Sheils O, McLoughlin DM. Peripheral blood microRNA and VEGFA mRNA changes following electroconvulsive therapy: implications for psychotic depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:594-606. [PMID: 28975998 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are short, non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. Here, we investigate the role of microRNAs in depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHODS We performed three studies: a deep sequencing discovery-phase study of miRNA changes in whole blood following ECT (n = 16), followed by a validation study in a separate cohort of patients pre-/post-ECT (n = 37) and matched healthy controls (n = 34). Changes in an experimentally validated gene target (VEGFA) were then analysed in patients pre-/post-ECT (n = 97) and in matched healthy controls (n = 53). RESULTS In the discovery-phase study, we found no statistically significant differences in miRNA expression from baseline to end of treatment in the group as a whole, but post hoc analysis indicated a difference in patients with psychotic depression (n = 3). In a follow-up validation study, patients with psychotic depression (n = 7) had elevated baseline levels of miR-126-3p (t = 3.015, P = 0.006) and miR-106a-5p (t = 2.598, P = 0.025) compared to healthy controls. Following ECT, these differences disappeared. Baseline VEGFA levels were significantly higher in depressed patients compared to healthy controls (F(1,144) = 27.688, P = <0.001). Following ECT, there was a significant change in VEGFA levels in the psychotic group only (t = 2.915, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Molecular differences (miRNA and VEGFA) may exist between psychotic and non-psychotic depression treated with ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - K M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - G Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - P Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - O Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - D M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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58
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Higuchi Y, Soga T, Parhar IS. Regulatory Pathways of Monoamine Oxidase A during Social Stress. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:604. [PMID: 29163009 PMCID: PMC5671571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stress has a high impact on many biological systems in the brain, including serotonergic (5-HT) system-a major drug target in the current treatment for depression. Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) are well-known stress responses, which are involved in the central 5-HT system. Although, many MAO-A inhibitors have been developed and used in the therapeutics of depression, effective management of depression by modulating the activity of MAO-A has not been achieved. Identifying the molecular pathways that regulate the activity of MAO-A in the brain is crucial for developing new drug targets for precise control of MAO-A activity. Over the last few decades, several regulatory pathways of MAO-A consisting of Kruppel like factor 11 (KLF11), Sirtuin1, Ring finger protein in neural stem cells (RINES), and Cell division cycle associated 7-like protein (R1) have been identified, and the influence of social stress on these regulatory factors evaluated. This review explores various aspects of these pathways to expand our understanding of the roles of the HPA axis and MAO-A regulatory pathways during social stress. The first part of this review introduces some components of the HPA axis, explains how stress affects them and how they interact with the 5-HT system in the brain. The second part summarizes the novel regulatory pathways of MAO-A, which have high potential as novel therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higuchi
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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59
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Wu MJ, Mwangi B, Passos IC, Bauer IE, Cao B, Frazier TW, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. Prediction of vulnerability to bipolar disorder using multivariate neurocognitive patterns: a pilot study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28861763 PMCID: PMC5578943 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common disorder with high reoccurrence rate in general population. It is critical to have objective biomarkers to identify BD patients at an individual level. Neurocognitive signatures including affective Go/No-go task and Cambridge Gambling task showed the potential to distinguish BD patients from health controls as well as identify individual siblings of BD patients. Moreover, these neurocognitive signatures showed the ability to be replicated at two independent cohorts which indicates the possibility for generalization. Future studies will examine the possibility of combining neurocognitive data with other biological data to develop more accurate signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Ju Wu
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Benson Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Cao
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas W Frazier
- Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital Center for Pediatric Behavioral Health, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) as therapeutic target for depressive disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:398-408. [PMID: 29456074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents approximately 40% of the disability caused by mental illnesses globally. The poorly understood pathophysiology and limited efficiency of pharmacological treatment (based primarily on the principles of the monoaminergic hypothesis) make depression a serious medical, public and socio-economical problem. An increasing number of studies suggest that epigenetic modifications (alterations in gene expression that are not due to changes in DNA sequence) in certain brain regions and neural circuits represent a key mechanism through which environmental factors interact with individual's genetic constitution to affect risk of mental disorders. Accordingly, chromatin-based epigenetic regulation seems to be a promising direction for the development of new, more effective antidepressant drugs. Recently, several inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been extensively studied in the context of antidepressant action. So far, none of them has been used to treat depression in humans due to the low selectivity for specific HDAC isoforms, and consequently, a risk of serious adverse events. In this review, we focus on the HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) with the greatest antidepressant efficacy and their activity in the preclinical studies. Moreover, we discuss their potential therapeutic usefulness in depression and the main limitations.
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Abstract
In mammals, recent studies have demonstrated that the brain, the hypothalamus in particular, is a key bidirectional integrator of humoral and neural information from peripheral tissues, thus influencing ageing both in the brain and at the 'systemic' level. CNS decline drives the progressive impairment of cognitive, social and physical abilities, and the mechanisms underlying CNS regulation of the ageing process, such as microglia-neuron networks and the activities of sirtuins, a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are beginning to be understood. Such mechanisms are potential targets for the prevention or treatment of age-associated dysfunction and for the extension of a healthy lifespan.
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Yamagata H, Uchida S, Matsuo K, Harada K, Kobayashi A, Nakashima M, Nakano M, Otsuki K, Abe-Higuchi N, Higuchi F, Watanuki T, Matsubara T, Miyata S, Fukuda M, Mikuni M, Watanabe Y. Identification of commonly altered genes between in major depressive disorder and a mouse model of depression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3044. [PMID: 28596527 PMCID: PMC5465183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of depression (due to factors such as varying age of onset) may explain why biological markers of major depressive disorder (MDD) remain uncertain. We aimed to identify gene expression markers of MDD in leukocytes using microarray analysis. We analyzed gene expression profiles of patients with MDD (age ≥50, age of depression onset <50) (N = 10, depressed state; N = 13, remitted state). Seven-hundred and ninety-seven genes (558 upregulated, 239 downregulated when compared to those of 30 healthy subjects) were identified as potential markers for MDD. These genes were then cross-matched to microarray data obtained from a mouse model of depression (676 genes, 148 upregulated, 528 downregulated). Of the six common genes identified between patients and mice, five genes (SLC35A3, HIST1H2AL, YEATS4, ERLIN2, and PLPP5) were confirmed to be downregulated in patients with MDD by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these genes, HIST1H2AL was significantly decreased in a second set of independent subjects (age ≥20, age of onset <50) (N = 18, subjects with MDD in a depressed state; N = 19, healthy control participants). Taken together, our findings suggest that HIST1H2AL may be a biological marker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yamagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kobayashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mami Nakashima
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
- Nagatoichinomiya Hospital, 17-35 Katachiyama-midoricho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 751-0885, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
- Katakura Hospital, 229-3 Nishikiwa, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-0151, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuki
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Abe-Higuchi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higuchi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanuki
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsubara
- Health Service Center Organization for University Education, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeo Miyata
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mikuni
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Hakodate Watanabe Hospital, 1-31-1 Yunokawa-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 042-8678, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Mao Q, Gong X, Zhou C, Tu Z, Zhao L, Wang L, Wang X, Sun L, Xia J, Lian B, Chen J, Mu J, Yang D, Xie P. Up-regulation of SIRT6 in the hippocampus induced rats with depression-like behavior via the block Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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64
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Kambe Y, Miyata A. [Possible roles of mitochondrial dysfunctions and SIRT1 in major depressive disorder]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 150:204-206. [PMID: 28966220 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.150.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Hippocampal Sirtuin 1 Signaling Mediates Depression-like Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:815-826. [PMID: 27016384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Recent evidence has suggested that sirtuins (SIRTs) play a key role in cognition and synaptic plasticity, yet their role in mood regulation remains controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate whether SIRT function is associated with chronic stress-elicited depression-like behaviors and neuronal atrophy. METHODS We measured SIRT expression and activity in a mouse model of depression. We injected mice with a SIRT1 activator or inhibitor and measured their depression-like behaviors and dendritic spine morphology. To assess the role of SIRT1 directly, we used a viral-mediated gene transfer to overexpress the wild-type SIRT1 or dominant negative SIRT1 and evaluated their depression-like behaviors. Finally, we examined the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, a potential downstream target of SIRT1, in depression-like behavior. RESULTS We found that chronic stress reduced SIRT1 activity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of hippocampal SIRT1 function led to an increase in depression-like behaviors. Conversely, SIRT1 activation blocked both the development of depression-related phenotypes and aberrant dendritic structures elicited by chronic stress exposure. Furthermore, hippocampal SIRT1 activation increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 in the stressed condition, and viral-mediated activation and inhibition of hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 led to antidepressive and prodepressive behaviors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the hippocampal SIRT1 pathway contributes to the chronic stress-elicited depression-related phenotype and aberrant dendritic atrophy.
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Azevedo JA, Carter BS, Meng F, Turner DL, Dai M, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Jones EG, Bunney WE, Myers RM, Akil H, Watson SJ, Thompson RC. The microRNA network is altered in anterior cingulate cortex of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:58-67. [PMID: 27468165 PMCID: PMC5026930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Though implicated in multiple CNS disorders, miRNAs have not been examined in any psychiatric disease state in anterior cingulate cortex (AnCg), a brain region centrally involved in regulating mood. We performed qPCR analyses of 29 miRNAs previously implicated in psychiatric illness (major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BP) and/or schizophrenia (SZ)) in AnCg of patients with MDD and BP versus controls. miR-132, miR-133a and miR-212 were initially identified as differentially expressed in BP, miR-184 in MDD and miR-34a in both MDD and BP (although none survived multiple correction testing and must be considered preliminary). In silico target prediction algorithms identified putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. Nuclear Co-Activator 1 (NCOA1), Nuclear Co-Repressor 2 (NCOR2) and Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) were selected based upon predicted targeting by miR-34a (with NCOR2 and PDE4B both targeted by miR-184) and published relevance to psychiatric illness. Luciferase assays identified PDE4B as a target of miR-34a and miR-184, while NCOA1 and NCOR2 were targeted by miR-34a and 184, respectively. qPCR analyses were performed to determine whether changes in miRNA levels correlated with mRNA levels of validated targets. NCOA1 showed an inverse correlation with miR-34a in BP, while NCOR2 demonstrated a positive correlation. In sum, this is the first study to demonstrate miRNA changes in AnCg in psychiatric illness and validate miR-34a as differentially expressed in CNS in MDD. These findings support a mechanistic role for miRNAs in the regulation of stress-responsive genes disrupted in psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Azevedo
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bradley S Carter
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Program, Oberlin College, Science Center A261, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David L Turner
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 5301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manhong Dai
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Edward G Jones
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California - Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine, 101 The City Dr S, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Harrell CS, Gillespie CF, Neigh GN. Energetic stress: The reciprocal relationship between energy availability and the stress response. Physiol Behav 2016; 166:43-55. [PMID: 26454211 PMCID: PMC4826641 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of metabolic syndromes and the recognized burden of mental health disorders have driven increased research into the relationship between the two. A maladaptive stress response is implicated in both mental health disorders and metabolic disorders, implicating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a key mediator of this relationship. This review explores how an altered energetic state, such as hyper- or hypoglycemia, as may be manifested in obesity or diabetes, affects the stress response and the HPA axis in particular. We propose that changes in energetic state or energetic demands can result in "energetic stress" that can, if prolonged, lead to a dysfunctional stress response. In this review, we summarize the role of the hypothalamus in modulating energy homeostasis and then briefly discuss the relationship between metabolism and stress-induced activation of the HPA axis. Next, we examine seven mechanisms whereby energetic stress interacts with neuroendocrine stress response systems, including by glucocorticoid signaling both within and beyond the HPA axis; by nutrient-induced changes in glucocorticoid signaling; by impacting the sympathetic nervous system; through changes in other neuroendocrine factors; by inducing inflammatory changes; and by altering the gut-brain axis. Recognizing these effects of energetic stress can drive novel therapies and prevention strategies for mental health disorders, including dietary intervention, probiotics, and even fecal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Harrell
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - C F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - G N Neigh
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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68
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Dissecting bipolar disorder complexity through epigenomic approach. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1490-1498. [PMID: 27480490 PMCID: PMC5071130 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies of gene regulation mechanisms have emerged in neuroscience. Epigenetic modifications, described as heritable but reversible changes, include DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs. The pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, may be ascribed to a complex gene-environment interaction (G × E) model, linking the genome, environmental factors and epigenetic marks. Both the high complexity and the high heritability of bipolar disorder make it a compelling candidate for neurobiological analyses beyond DNA sequencing. Questions that are being raised in this review are the precise phenotype of the disorder in question, and also the trait versus state debate and how these concepts are being implemented in a variety of study designs.
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69
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Velasquez S, Rappaport J. Inflammasome Activation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Pivotal Linkage Between Psychological Stress, Purinergic Signaling, and the Kynurenine Pathway. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:4-5. [PMID: 27312231 PMCID: PMC5319825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Velasquez
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple
University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140,
USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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70
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Song J, Kim J. Role of Sirtuins in Linking Metabolic Syndrome with Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:86. [PMID: 27065808 PMCID: PMC4814520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is now widely regarded as a common disabling disorder that affects negatively the social functioning all over the world. Depression is associated with diverse phenomenon in brain such as neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficit. Recent studies reported that depression occurs by various metabolic changes, leading to metabolic syndrome. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases, known to regulate diverse biological mechanism such as longevity, genomic stability, and inflammation. The modulation of sirtuin activity has been highlighted as a promising approach to reduce neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries regarding the potential relationship between SIRTs and depression caused by metabolic disorders (Mets). Ultimately, we suggest the possibility that SIRTs will be novel targets to alleviate neuropathogenesis induced by depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
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71
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O'Shea KS, McInnis MG. Neurodevelopmental origins of bipolar disorder: iPSC models. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 73:63-83. [PMID: 26608002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by pathological fluctuations in mood from mania to depression. Adoption, twin and family studies have consistently identified a significant hereditary component to BP, yet there is no clear genetic event or consistent neuropathology. BP has been suggested to have a developmental origin, although this hypothesis has been difficult to test since there are no viable neurons or glial cells to analyze, and research has relied largely on postmortem brain, behavioral and imaging studies, or has examined proxy tissues including saliva, olfactory epithelium and blood cells. Neurodevelopmental factors, particularly pathways related to nervous system development, cell migration, extracellular matrix, H3K4 methylation, and calcium signaling have been identified in large gene expression and GWAS studies as altered in BP. Recent advances in stem cell biology, particularly the ability to reprogram adult somatic tissues to a pluripotent state, now make it possible to interrogate these pathways in viable cell models. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from BP patient and healthy control (C) individuals have been derived in several laboratories, and their ability to form cortical neurons examined. Early studies suggest differences in activity, calcium signaling, blocks to neuronal differentiation, and changes in neuronal, and possibly glial, lineage specification. Initial observations suggest that differentiation of BP patient-derived neurons to dorsal telencephalic derivatives may be impaired, possibly due to alterations in WNT, Hedgehog or Nodal pathway signaling. These investigations strongly support a developmental contribution to BP and identify novel pathways, mechanisms and opportunities for improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3051 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States.
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States
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72
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Kovanen L, Donner K, Partonen T. SIRT1 Polymorphisms Associate with Seasonal Weight Variation, Depressive Disorders, and Diastolic Blood Pressure in the General Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141001. [PMID: 26509718 PMCID: PMC4624793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 polymorphisms have previously been associated with depressive and anxiety disorders. We aimed at confirming these earlier findings and extending the analyses to seasonal variations in mood and behavior. Three tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to capture the common variation in the SIRT1 gene. 5910 individuals (with blood sample, diagnostic interview, self-report of on seasonal changes in mood and behavior) were selected from a representative Finnish nationwide population-based sample. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between the SNPs and depressive and anxiety disorders, metabolic syndrome (EGIR criteria) and its components, and health examination measurements, Homeostasis Model Assessments, and diagnoses of type 2 and type 1 diabetes. SIRT1 rs2273773 showed evidence of association with seasonal variation in weight (C-allele, OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76–0.95, p = 0.005). In addition, our study gave further support for the association of SIRT1 gene with depressive disorders (rs3758391) and diastolic blood pressure (rs2273773).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kovanen
- Department of Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kati Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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73
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ACF chromatin-remodeling complex mediates stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Nat Med 2015; 21:1146-53. [PMID: 26390241 PMCID: PMC4598281 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) remains elusive because of the limited understanding of its underlying biological mechanisms. It is likely that stress-induced maladaptive transcriptional regulation in limbic neural circuits contributes to the development of MDD, possibly through epigenetic factors that regulate chromatin structure. We establish that persistent upregulation of the ACF (ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor) ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, occurring in the nucleus accumbens of stress-susceptible mice and depressed humans, is necessary for stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. We found that altered ACF binding after chronic stress was correlated with altered nucleosome positioning, particularly around the transcription start sites of affected genes. These alterations in ACF binding and nucleosome positioning were associated with repressed expression of genes implicated in susceptibility to stress. Together, our findings identify the ACF chromatin-remodeling complex as a critical component in the development of susceptibility to depression and in regulating stress-related behaviors.
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74
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Wong DW, Soga T, Parhar IS. Aging and chronic administration of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor citalopram upregulate Sirt4 gene expression in the preoptic area of male mice. Front Genet 2015; 6:281. [PMID: 26442099 PMCID: PMC4584971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction and cognitive deficits are markers of the aging process. Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT), encoded by sirt 1-7 genes, are known as aging molecules which are sensitive to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Whether the 5-HT system regulates SIRT in the preoptic area (POA), which could affect reproduction and cognition has not been examined. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of citalopram (CIT, 10 mg/kg for 4 weeks), a potent selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor and aging on SIRT expression in the POA of male mice using real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Age-related increases of sirt1, sirt4, sirt5, and sirt7 mRNA levels were observed in the POA of 52 weeks old mice. Furthermore, 4 weeks of chronic CIT treatment started at 8 weeks of age also increased sirt2 and sirt4 mRNA expression in the POA. Moreover, the number of SIRT4 immuno-reactive neurons increased with aging in the medial septum area (12 weeks = 1.00 ± 0.15 vs. 36 weeks = 1.68 ± 0.14 vs. 52 weeks = 1.54 ± 0.11, p < 0.05). In contrast, the number of sirt4-immunopositive cells did not show a statistically significant change with CIT treatment, suggesting that the increase in sirt4 mRNA levels may occur in cells in which sirt4 is already being expressed. Taken together, these studies suggest that CIT treatment and the process of aging utilize the serotonergic system to up-regulate SIRT4 in the POA as a common pathway to deregulate social cognitive and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dutt Way Wong
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
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Lo Iacono L, Visco-Comandini F, Valzania A, Viscomi MT, Coviello M, Giampà A, Roscini L, Bisicchia E, Siracusano A, Troisi A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Adversity in childhood and depression: linked through SIRT1. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e629. [PMID: 26327687 PMCID: PMC5068813 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing an adverse childhood and parental neglect is a risk factor for depression in the adult population. Patients with a history of traumatic childhood develop a subtype of depression that is characterized by earlier onset, poor treatment response and more severe symptoms. The long-lasting molecular mechanisms that are engaged during early traumatic events and determine the risk for depression are poorly understood. In this study, we altered adult depression-like behavior in mice by applying juvenile isolation stress. We found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with a reduction in the levels of the deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the brain and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, peripheral blood mRNA expression of SIRT1 predicted the extent of behavioral despair only when depression-like behavior was induced by juvenile--but not adult--stress, implicating SIRT1 in the regulation of adult behavior at early ages. Consistent with this hypothesis, pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 during juvenile age altered the depression-like behavior in naive mice. We also performed a pilot study in humans, in which the blood levels of SIRT1 correlated significantly with the severity of symptoms in major depression patients, especially in those who received less parental care during childhood. On the basis of these novel findings, we propose the involvement of SIRT1 in the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Iacono
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Visco-Comandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - A Valzania
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Viscomi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Coviello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giampà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Roscini
- Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - E Bisicchia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - V Carola
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso del Fiorano 63, Rome 00143, Italy. E-mail:
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76
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SIRT2 is involved in the modulation of depressive behaviors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8415. [PMID: 25672834 PMCID: PMC4325337 DOI: 10.1038/srep08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress produces negative effects on mood and hippocampus-dependent memory formation. SIRT2 alteration has been reported in mood disorders; however, the role of SIRT2 in depression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether SIRT2 can restore stress-induced suppression of neurogenesis in a rat chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression. Sucrose preference test, home-cage locomotion, forced swim test, and elevated plus maze were used to determine the role of SIRT2 in CUS model. To further determine the hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to the role of SIRT in mediating the antidepressant-like behavior, rats were exposed to X-irradiation to disrupt the process of hippocampal neurogenesis. CUS decreased expression of the SIRT2 protein in the hippocampus. Treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine reversed the CUS-induced SIRT2 change. Furthermore, inhibiting SIRT2 by tenovin-D3 resulted in depression-like behaviors and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Conversely, overexpression of SIRT2 by the intra-hippocampal infusion of recombinant adenovirus vector expressing mouse SIRT2 reversed the CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors, and promoted neurogenesis. Disrupting neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by X-irradiation abolished the antidepressant-like effect of Ad-SIRT2-GFP. These findings indicate that hippocampal SIRT2 is involved in the modulation of depressant-like behaviors, possibly by regulating neurogenesis.
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Bipolar disorder: role of immune-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress and tryptophan catabolites. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17:8. [PMID: 25620790 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disorder with a range of presentations. BD is defined by the presentation of symptoms of mania or depression, with classification dependent on patient/family reports and behavioural observations. Recent work has investigated the biological underpinnings of BD, highlighting the role played by increased immune-inflammatory activity, which is readily indicated by changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines or signalling, both centrally and systemically, e.g. increased interleukin-6 trans-signalling. Here, we review the recent data on immune-inflammatory pathways and cytokine changes in BD. Such changes are intimately linked to changes in oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and neuroregulatory tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both centrally and peripherally. TRYCATs take tryptophan away from serotonin, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin synthesis, driving it down the TRYCAT pathway, predominantly as a result of the pro-inflammatory cytokine induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. This has led to an emerging biological perspective on the aetiology, course and treatment of BD. Such data also better integrates the numerous comorbidities associated with BD, including addiction, cardiovascular disorders and increased reporting of pain. Immune-inflammatory, O&NS and TRYCAT pathways are also likely to be relevant biological underpinnings to the significant decrease in life expectancy in BD.
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Baicalin reverse AMPA receptor expression and neuron apoptosis in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:467-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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79
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Tsuji M, Miyagawa K, Takeda H. Epigenetic regulation of resistance to emotional stress: possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptor-mediated histone acetylation. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:347-54. [PMID: 25048113 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r07cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to resist stress is an important defensive function of a living body. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms by which the brain resists stress could help to pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for stress-related psychiatric disorders including depression. The present review focuses on the roles of brain 5-HT1A receptor-mediated epigenetic mechanisms in the development of resistance to emotional stress. Behavioral pharmacological studies have demonstrated that treatment with a 5-HT1A receptor agonist 24 h before testing suppressed the decrease in emotional behaviors induced by acute restraint stress. Studies with DNA microarray technology have revealed that histone deacetylase genes were decreased in the hippocampus of mice that had been pretreated with a 5-HT1A receptor agonist 24 h beforehand. This preliminary finding was supported by data that hippocampal acetylated histone H3 was increased in mice that had developed emotional resistance to acute restraint stress by 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Furthermore, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A also protected against the emotional changes induced by acute restraint stress, accompanied by the induction of histone H3 acetylation. These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms that are functionally coupled with 5-HT1A receptors may play a key role in the development of resistance to emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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80
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Radoi V, Carsote M, Petris R, Paun D, Poiana C. MicroRNAs with Specific Roles in Diabetes and Psychiatric Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 87:87-90. [PMID: 26528003 PMCID: PMC4620849 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most cited non communicable diseases and the most common metabolic disorder. Epigenetics represents the field of study of heritable changes in gene expression which are not directly related to DNA. Epigenetics is concerned, alongside histone modifications, short interfering RNAs etc., with microRNAs (miRNAs) as well. These are small noncoding RNAs, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length, which either inhibit translation or affect mRNA stability and degradation. At present, there are dozens of miRNAs which have been proven to be involved in the animal and human pathology of diabetes (type 1 or 2). This review focuses on the miRNAs which have been identified as playing a role in both psychiatric diseases and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Radoi
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania ; C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Petris
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania ; C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Paun
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania ; C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Poiana
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania ; C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
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81
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82
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The theory of bipolar disorder as an illness of accelerated aging: Implications for clinical care and research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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83
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Fass DM, Schroeder FA, Perlis RH, Haggarty SJ. Epigenetic mechanisms in mood disorders: targeting neuroplasticity. Neuroscience 2014; 264:112-30. [PMID: 23376737 PMCID: PMC3830721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel therapeutics and diagnostic tools based upon an understanding of neuroplasticity is critical in order to improve the treatment and ultimately the prevention of a broad range of nervous system disorders. In the case of mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), where diagnoses are based solely on nosology rather than pathophysiology, there exists a clear unmet medical need to advance our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and to develop fundamentally new mechanism experimental medicines with improved efficacy. In this context, recent preclinical molecular, cellular, and behavioral findings have begun to reveal the importance of epigenetic mechanisms that alter chromatin structure and dynamically regulate patterns of gene expression that may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Here, we will review recent advances involving the use of animal models in combination with genetic and pharmacological probes to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms and neurobiological consequence of targeting this chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity. We discuss evidence for the direct and indirect effects of mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, among their many other effects, on chromatin-modifying enzymes and on the epigenetic state of defined genomic loci, in defined cell types and in specific regions of the brain. These data, as well as findings from patient-derived tissue, have also begun to reveal alterations of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. We summarize growing evidence supporting the notion that selectively targeting chromatin-modifying complexes, including those containing histone deacetylases (HDACs), provides a means to reversibly alter the acetylation state of neuronal chromatin and beneficially impact neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription and mood-related behaviors. Looking beyond current knowledge, we discuss how high-resolution, whole-genome methodologies, such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) for transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for analyzing genome-wide occupancy of chromatin-associated factors, are beginning to provide an unprecedented view of both specific genomic loci as well as global properties of chromatin in the nervous system. These methodologies when applied to the characterization of model systems, including those of patient-derived induced pluripotent cell (iPSC) and induced neurons (iNs), will greatly shape our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and the impact of genetic variation on the regulatory regions of the human genome that can affect neuroplasticity. Finally, we point out critical unanswered questions and areas where additional data are needed in order to better understand the potential to target mechanisms of chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity for novel treatments of mood and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Fass
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Human Genetic Reseach, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - F A Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Human Genetic Reseach, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - R H Perlis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Human Genetic Research, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - S J Haggarty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Human Genetic Reseach, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Human Genetic Research, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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84
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Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases that have traditionally been linked with calorie restriction and aging in mammals. These proteins also play an important role in maintaining neuronal health during aging. During neuronal development, the SIR2 ortholog SIRT1 is structurally important, promoting axonal elongation, neurite outgrowth, and dendritic branching. This sirtuin also plays a role in memory formation by modulating synaptic plasticity. Hypothalamic functions that affect feeding behavior, endocrine function, and circadian rhythmicity are all regulated by SIRT1. Finally, SIRT1 plays protective roles in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron diseases, which may relate to its functions in metabolism, stress resistance, and genomic stability. Drugs that activate SIRT1 may offer a promising approach to treat these disorders.
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85
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Shibata T, Yamagata H, Uchida S, Otsuki K, Hobara T, Higuchi F, Abe N, Watanabe Y. The alteration of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and its target genes in mood disorder patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:222-9. [PMID: 23333658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the dysfunction of neural plasticity is associated with mood disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a transcriptional activator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activates the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1 is ubiquitously expressed in all cells, including peripheral leukocytes. However, little is known about the role of HIF-1 in mood disorder. In the present study, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1 (α and β) and its target genes (VEGF, GLUT1, PGK1, PFKFB3, and LDHA) in the peripheral white blood cells of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). We found increased expression of HIF- 1α and HIF-1β mRNA, as well as the target genes, VEGF, and PFKFB3 in both MDD and BPD patients in a depressive state compared to healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of GLUT1, PGK1, and LDHA were increased in MDD patients in a depressive state compared to healthy control subjects. We also found increased expression of HIF-1α and LDHA mRNA in MDD patients in a remissive state, whereas the mRNA expression levels of other genes in a remissive state were comparable to those in healthy control subjects. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression levels of the genes examined among patients receiving any type of antidepressant or mood stabilizer. Our data suggest that altered expression of HIF-1 and its target genes mRNA in peripheral blood cells are associated-mainly in a state-dependent manner-with mood disorders (especially with MDD). In addition, altered expression of HIF-1 and its target genes may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shibata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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86
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Association between Sirtuin 2 gene rs10410544 polymorphism and depression in Alzheimer's disease in two independent European samples. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1709-15. [PMID: 23712749 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the several genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), recently, Sirtuin genes have roused a growing interest because of their involvement in metabolic homeostasis and in brain aging. Particularly SIRT2 gene has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as with mood disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible associations between Sirtuin 2 gene (SIRT2) rs10410544 polymorphism and AD as well as depression in AD. In addition, we performed some exploratory analyses to investigate possible associations between the rs10410544 genotype and clinical features. We investigated these associations in two independent samples: the first one was composed of 275 Greek inhabitants and 117 patients; the second sample counted 181 Italian people and 43 patients. All patients were affected by LOAD. We failed to find any association between rs10410544 genotype and AD in the two samples. On the other hand, we found an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and depressive symptomatology (in the total sample p = 0.002), which was modulated by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) values. Particularly, TT genotype seems to be protective versus depression. Finally, in the exploratory analyses, we found that the TT genotype was associated with earlier AD onset and a longer duration of the illness. In conclusion, we confirmed the association between SIRT2 gene and mood disturbances, although in AD patients. Further, we provided evidence that the TT genotype may be protective versus depressive symptoms, allowing an easier and thus earlier diagnosis of AD. This awareness may lead to a more detailed approach to these patients concerning diagnosis and therapy.
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87
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Sun H, Kennedy PJ, Nestler EJ. Epigenetics of the depressed brain: role of histone acetylation and methylation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:124-37. [PMID: 22692567 PMCID: PMC3521990 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a chronic, remitting syndrome involving widely distributed circuits in the brain. Stable alterations in gene expression that contribute to structural and functional changes in multiple brain regions are implicated in the heterogeneity and pathogenesis of the illness. Epigenetic events that alter chromatin structure to regulate programs of gene expression have been associated with depression-related behavior, antidepressant action, and resistance to depression or 'resilience' in animal models, with increasing evidence for similar mechanisms occurring in postmortem brains of depressed humans. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic contributions to depression, in particular the role of histone acetylation and methylation, which are revealing novel mechanistic insight into the syndrome that may aid in the development of novel targets for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoSheng Sun
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela J Kennedy
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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88
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McKinney BC, Oh H, Sibille E. Age-by-disease biological interactions: implications for late-life depression. Front Genet 2012; 3:237. [PMID: 23162569 PMCID: PMC3499806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Onset of depressive symptoms after the age of 65, or late-life depression (LLD), is common and poses a significant burden on affected individuals, caretakers, and society. Evidence suggests a unique biological basis for LLD, but current hypotheses do not account for its pathophysiological complexity. Here we propose a novel etiological framework for LLD, the age-by-disease biological interaction hypothesis, based on the observations that the subset of genes that undergoes lifelong progressive changes in expression is restricted to a specific set of biological processes, and that a disproportionate number of these age-dependent genes have been previously and similarly implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. The age-by-disease biological interaction hypothesis posits that age-dependent biological processes (i) are “pushed” in LLD-promoting directions by changes in gene expression naturally occurring during brain aging, which (ii) directly contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms of LLD, and (iii) that individual variability in rates of age-dependent changes determines risk or resiliency to develop age-related disorders, including LLD. We review observations supporting this hypothesis, including consistent and specific age-dependent changes in brain gene expression and their overlap with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease pathways. We then review preliminary reports supporting the genetic component of this hypothesis. Other potential biological mediators of age-dependent gene changes are proposed. We speculate that studies examining the relative contribution of these mechanisms to age-dependent changes and related disease mechanisms will not only provide critical information on the biology of normal aging of the human brain, but will inform our understanding of age-dependent diseases, in time fostering the development of new interventions for prevention and treatment of age-dependent diseases, including LLD.
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89
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Belzeaux R, Bergon A, Jeanjean V, Loriod B, Formisano-Tréziny C, Verrier L, Loundou A, Baumstarck-Barrau K, Boyer L, Gall V, Gabert J, Nguyen C, Azorin JM, Naudin J, Ibrahim EC. Responder and nonresponder patients exhibit different peripheral transcriptional signatures during major depressive episode. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e185. [PMID: 23149449 PMCID: PMC3565773 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, it remains impossible to guarantee that short-term treatment given to a patient suffering from a major depressive episode (MDE) will improve long-term efficacy. Objective biological measurements and biomarkers that could help in predicting the clinical evolution of MDE are still warranted. To better understand the reason nearly half of MDE patients respond poorly to current antidepressive treatments, we examined the gene expression profile of peripheral blood samples collected from 16 severe MDE patients and 13 matched controls. Using a naturalistic and longitudinal design, we ascertained mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression at baseline, 2 and 8 weeks later. On a genome-wide scale, we detected transcripts with roles in various biological processes as significantly dysregulated between MDE patients and controls, notably those involved in nucleotide binding and chromatin assembly. We also established putative interactions between dysregulated mRNAs and miRNAs that may contribute to MDE physiopathology. We selected a set of mRNA candidates for quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) to validate that the transcriptional signatures observed in responders is different from nonresponders. Furthermore, we identified a combination of four mRNAs (PPT1, TNF, IL1B and HIST1H1E) that could be predictive of treatment response. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of studies investigating the tight relationship between peripheral transcriptional changes and the dynamic clinical progression of MDE patients to provide biomarkers of MDE evolution and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Belzeaux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M
UMR 7286, Marseille, France,APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France,FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de
Soins en Santé Mentale, Paris, France
| | - A Bergon
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France,INSERM, TAGC UMR_S 1090,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, TAGC UMR_S
1090, Marseille, France
| | - V Jeanjean
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M
UMR 7286, Marseille, France,APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France
| | - B Loriod
- INSERM, TAGC UMR_S 1090,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, TAGC UMR_S
1090, Marseille, France
| | - C Formisano-Tréziny
- INSERM, UNIS UMR_S 1072,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, UNIS UMR_S
1072, Marseille, France
| | - L Verrier
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France
| | - A Loundou
- Aix Marseille Université,
Faculté de Médecine Timone, Unité d'aide
méthodologique, Marseille, France,Department of Public Health, APHM,
Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - K Baumstarck-Barrau
- Aix Marseille Université,
Faculté de Médecine Timone, Unité d'aide
méthodologique, Marseille, France,Department of Public Health, APHM,
Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Department of Public Health, APHM,
Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, Research
Unit EA 3279, Marseille, France
| | - V Gall
- INSERM, TAGC UMR_S 1090,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, TAGC UMR_S
1090, Marseille, France
| | - J Gabert
- INSERM, UNIS UMR_S 1072,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, UNIS UMR_S
1072, Marseille, France,APHM, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire de
Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire, Marseille,
France
| | - C Nguyen
- INSERM, TAGC UMR_S 1090,
Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, TAGC UMR_S
1090, Marseille, France
| | - J-M Azorin
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France,FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de
Soins en Santé Mentale, Paris, France
| | - J Naudin
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille,
France
| | - E C Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M
UMR 7286, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286,
51 Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344
Marseille
Cedex 15, France. E-mail:
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90
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Libert S, Pointer K, Bell EL, Das A, Cohen DE, Asara JM, Kapur K, Bergmann S, Preisig M, Otowa T, Kendler KS, Chen X, Hettema JM, van den Oord EJ, Rubio JP, Guarente L. SIRT1 activates MAO-A in the brain to mediate anxiety and exploratory drive. Cell 2011; 147:1459-72. [PMID: 22169038 PMCID: PMC3443638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that governs a number of genetic programs to cope with changes in the nutritional status of cells and organisms. Behavioral responses to food abundance are important for the survival of higher animals. Here we used mice with increased or decreased brain SIRT1 to show that this sirtuin regulates anxiety and exploratory drive by activating transcription of the gene encoding the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) to reduce serotonin levels in the brain. Indeed, treating animals with MAO-A inhibitors or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) normalized anxiety differences between wild-type and mutant animals. SIRT1 deacetylates the brain-specific helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 on lysine 49 to increase its activation of the MAO-A promoter. Both common and rare variations in the SIRT1 gene were shown to be associated with risk of anxiety in human population samples. Together these data indicate that SIRT1 mediates levels of anxiety, and this regulation may be adaptive in a changing environment of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Libert
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelli Pointer
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric L. Bell
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abhirup Das
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dena E. Cohen
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- HHMI/Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John M. Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Otowa
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edwin J. van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justin P. Rubio
- Quantitative Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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91
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Lin LC, Lewis DA, Sibille E. A human-mouse conserved sex bias in amygdala gene expression related to circadian clock and energy metabolism. Mol Brain 2011; 4:18. [PMID: 21542937 PMCID: PMC3098780 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depression affects twice as many women as men, but the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the heightened female vulnerability are not known. The amygdala, composed of heterogeneous subnuclei, participates in multiple functional circuits regulating emotional responses to stress. We hypothesized that sex differences in molecular structure may contribute to differential mood regulation and disease vulnerability. Findings Using gene arrays followed by quantitative PCR validation, we compared the transcriptome profiles between sexes in human and mouse amygdala. We now report sexually dimorphic features of transcriptomes in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, and these features are highly conserved across species. A functional analysis of differential gene expression showed that mitochondrial-related gene groups were identified as the top biological pathways associated with sexual dimorphism in both species. Conclusions These results suggest that the basolateral amygdala is a sexually dimorphic structure, featuring a regulatory cascade of mitochondrial function and circadian rhythm, potentially linked through sirtuins and hormone nuclear receptors. Hence, baseline differences in amygdalar circadian regulation of cellular metabolism may contribute to sex-related differences in mood regulation and vulnerability to major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Lin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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