51
|
Huskova Z, Steigerova J, Oklestkova J, Rarova L, Kolar Z, Strnad M. Molecular mechanisms of plant steroids and study of their interaction with nuclear receptors in prostate cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111164. [PMID: 32001316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) have multiple important functions in plants. They have also been found to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity. The experimental part of this article describes the effects of BR biosynthetic precursors on prostate cancer cells. The experiments were performed with LNCaP and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. These were cultivated and treated with tested BRs in different concentrations and time intervals. The tested compounds were found to affect cell viability, nuclear receptor expression, cell cycle and apoptosis in the tumor cells. IC50 concentrations were determined based on MTT test and the two most active compounds (cathasterone and 6-oxocampestanol) were used in the next experiments. Cathasterone was the most effective of all tested compounds and effectively inhibited integrity of cell spheres. It was found that both BRs had no significant effect on the cell cycle in LNCaP at IC50 concentration, while in DU-145 a significant block in G0/G1 phase after the BR treatment was observed. The effect of BRs on the nuclear steroid receptors was manifested by changes in their expression and localization. BRs demonstrated their significant effect on prostate cancer cells and the compounds have potential used in anticancer drug research and cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Huskova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Steigerova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Ferraz IS, Ued FDV, Almeida ACF, Ciampo LAD. Impact of soy consumption on human health: integrative review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Soy consumption is a millenary habit of populations of the eastern world and has recently increased in the western world. The risks and benefits of this practice have been extensively studied, with a current fundamental need of integration of available information. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on this topic, in order to consolidate the available information. Based on the main question: “What is the impact of soy consumption on human health?”, were reviewed publications classified as original articles and reviews published from 1998 to 2020 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 97 studies were selected. In the present review were described the general impact of soy on human health and its protein quality, the effects of early exposure using soy formulas, and the effects of soy consumption on breast cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, menopause, female and male osteoporosis, microbiota, immunity and immunomodulation, thyroid function, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and renal function.
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
Collapse
|
54
|
Effects of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, on male rats' skin. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:760-766. [PMID: 31998007 PMCID: PMC6986282 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.87280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genistein and daidzein are typical soy isoflavones with known estrogenic properties to provide protection against skin ageing in postmenopausal women and female rats. However their effect on male skin was very rarely studied. Aim This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of genistein and daidzein on male rats’ skin. Material and methods Male rats were administered this mixture in a dose of 2 or 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for 5 days weekly mixed with regular rat chow, from prenatal life until sexual maturity. The female and male rats of the control group received regular rat chow. The skin epidermis thickness, number of fibroblasts in the dermis and diameter of collagen fibers in the dermis were measured using morphometric assay. The isoflavone effects on activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxides, and glutathione concentration in the skin were measured with commercially available kits. Results The thickness of the skin epidermis and collagen fibers in the dermis and amount of elastic fibers were significantly greater in the isoflavone-treated groups. Isoflavones significantly decreased catalase activity in the skin homogenates and at a higher dose inhibited lipid peroxides formation. Conclusions Our results provide further support for the contribution of isoflavones to defence mechanisms against oxidative stress in the skin and suggest that genistein and daidzein supplementation may provide protection against skin ageing in males.
Collapse
|
55
|
Smeriglio A, Calderaro A, Denaro M, Laganà G, Bellocco E. Effects of Isolated Isoflavones Intake on Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5094-5107. [PMID: 28990503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring flavonoids, commonly found in the food consumed for centuries in the East-Asian population, characterized by a structure able to exert nonsteroidal estrogen-like activity on human cells. They have attracted researcher interest all around the word, following the results obtained in epidemiological and clinical studies. The involvement of isoflavones and their metabolites in various biological processes suggests that they can influence several metabolic pathways and can influence the gene expression at epigenetic level, involving effects that probably are due to early life exposure. They show positive health effects on several diseases, especially in the prevention of coronary heart and neurological diseases, hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptoms. METHODS We have performed a critical evaluation of available literature trough a structured search of bibliographic databases about isoflavones health promoting properties, risk assessment and mechanisms of action. In addition, we supplied useful information on their biochemical properties, sources and bioavailability. RESULTS Although these molecules have been the subjects of numerous researches, their role for the wellness of the human organism remains controversial. Moreover, there are substantial inconsistencies between the results obtained by epidemiologic studies conducted on Eastern population, which found high health promoting properties, and Western clinical trials, which found much less positive effects. CONCLUSION Further epidemiologic studies and well-designed prospective human studies are to determine the beneficial effects of isoflavones exposure, as well as establishing its safe therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ou W, Hu H, Yang P, Dai J, Ai Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Mai K. Dietary daidzein improved intestinal health of juvenile turbot in terms of intestinal mucosal barrier function and intestinal microbiota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:132-141. [PMID: 31461659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary daidzein on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the intestinal microbiota profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (FM), 40 (D.40) and 400 (D.400) mg kg-1 daidzein, respectively. Fish fed D.400 had significantly lower growth performance than fish fed D.40. Dietary daidzein significantly increased the feed efficiency, while significantly decreased the feed intake. Daidzein supplementation increased the activity of total anti-oxidative capacity and the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1, Mucin-2 and tight junction proteins (Tricellulin, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 1, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 2 and Claudin-like and Occludin), and down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the intestine of turbot. Dietary daidzein increased intestinal microbial diversities, the abundance of several short chain fatty acids producers, and decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. However, D.400 had dual effects on lactic acid bacteria and increased the abundance of potential harmful bacterium Prevotella copri. Collectively, dietary daidzein at the levels of 40 and 400 mg kg-1 could enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier function and alter the intestinal microbiota of turbot. However, high dose of daidzein must be treated with caution for its unclear effects on intestinal microbiota of turbot in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haibin Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Weis KE, Raetzman LT. Genistein inhibits proliferation and induces senescence in neonatal mouse pituitary gland explant cultures. Toxicology 2019; 427:152306. [PMID: 31593742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone abundant in soybean and infants are exposed to high levels of genistein in soy-based formula. It is known that genistein mediates estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and exposure during neonatal development could cause acute and long term endocrine effects. We assayed genistein's impact on the neonatal mouse pituitary gland because it is an endocrine signaling hub and is sensitive to endocrine disruption during critical periods. Pituitary explant cultures, which actively proliferate and differentiate, were exposed to 0.06 μM-36 μM genistein and assayed for mRNA and protein changes. Genistein induced mRNA expression of the ERα regulated gene, Cckar, to the same magnitude as estradiol (E2) but with less potency. Interestingly, 36 μM genistein strongly inhibited pituitary proliferation, measured by a reduction in mKi67 mRNA and phospho-Histone H3 immunostaining. Examining cell cycle dynamics, we found that 36 μM genistein decreased Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1) mRNA; while mRNA for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21) was upregulated, correlated with an apparent increase in p21 immunostained cells. Strikingly, we observed a robust onset of cellular senescence, permanent cell cycle exit, in 36 μM genistein treated pituitaries by increased senescence activated β-galactosidase staining. We also found that 36 μM genistein decreased Bcl2 mRNA levels, a gene protective against apoptosis. Taken together these data suggest that genistein exposure during the neonatal period could initiate senescence and halt proliferation during a time when the proper numbers of endocrine cells are being established for mature gland function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Luo M, Yang ZQ, Huang JC, Wang YS, Guo B, Yue ZP. Genistein protects ovarian granulosa cells from oxidative stress via cAMP-PKA signaling. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:433-445. [PMID: 31579960 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone that has estrogen (E2 )-like activity and is beneficial for follicular development, but little is known regarding its function in oxidative stress (OS)-mediated granulosa cell (GC) injury. Here, we found that after exposure to H2 O2 , Genistein weakened the elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which were regarded as the biomarkers for OS, and rescued glutathione (GSH) content and GSH/GSSG ratio accompanying with a simultaneous increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, whereas addition of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 impeded the effects of Genistein on the levels of ROS and MDA. Further analysis evidenced that Genistein enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in H2 O2 -treated GCs, but this enhancement was attenuated by H89. Under OS, Genistein improved cell viability and lessened the apoptotic rate of GCs along with a reduction in the activity of Casp3 and levels of Bax and Bad messenger RNA (mRNA), while H89 reversed the above effects. Moreover, Genistein treatment caused an obvious elevation in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) followed by a decline in the levels of intracellular mitochondrial superoxide, but H89 inhibited the regulation of Genistein on MMP and mitochondrial superoxide. Supplementation of Genistein promoted the secretion of E2 and increased the expression of Star and Cyp19a1 mRNA, whereas suppressed the level of progesterone (P4 ) accompanied with a decline in the level of Hsd3b1 mRNA expression. H89 blocked the regulation of Genistein on the secretion of E2 and P4 , and alleviated the ascending of Star and Cyp19a1 elicited by Genistein. Collectively, Genistein protects GCs from OS via cAMP-PKA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Si Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang P, Yang C, Li S. Reduced pim-1 expression increases chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2731-2738. [PMID: 31572520 PMCID: PMC6755443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug resistance is an obstacle for the successful therapy of prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 (pim-1) in the proliferation of chemotherapeutic drug-resistant prostate cancer cells. Androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 were used in the current study. Cisplatin-sensitive PC3 cells and cisplatin-resistant PC3/DDP cells were used in drug-resistance assays. The expression levels of pim-1, permeability glycoprotein (p-gp), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined using western blotting analysis; pim-1 was knocked down using pim-1-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA); cell viability was determined using MTT assay and IC50 values of the chemotherapeutic drugs in human prostate cancer cells tested were calculated using GraphPad 5 software. Androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 were transfected with pim-1-targeted or control shRNA, and MTT results revealed that pim-1 knockdown significantly inhibited PC3 and DU145 cell viability in a time-dependent manner (P<0.01). Cisplatin-resistant cells PC3/DDP exhibited higher levels of pim-1 and p-gp expression compared with cisplatin-sensitive PC3 cells; and pim-1 knockdown markedly increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in PC3/DDP cells. In addition, pim-1 knockdown increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in PC3/DDP cells. The molecular mechanism of drug sensitivity was discovered to be partly due to pim-1 knockdown, as it significantly increased apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant PC3/DDP cells. The present study may provide a new strategy for the therapy of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Sun
- Department of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Department of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Department of Surgery of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mayo B, Vázquez L, Flórez AB. Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2231. [PMID: 31527435 PMCID: PMC6770660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of isoflavones from soy reduces the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders, such as menopause symptoms in women, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Equol, produced from daidzein, is the isoflavone-derived metabolite with the greatest estrogenic and antioxidant activity. Consequently, equol has been endorsed as having many beneficial effects on human health. The conversion of daidzein into equol takes place in the intestine via the action of reductase enzymes belonging to incompletely characterized members of the gut microbiota. While all animal species analyzed so far produce equol, only between one third and one half of human subjects (depending on the community) are able to do so, ostensibly those that harbor equol-producing microbes. Conceivably, these subjects might be the only ones who can fully benefit from soy or isoflavone consumption. This review summarizes current knowledge on the microorganisms involved in, the genetic background to, and the biochemical pathways of, equol biosynthesis. It also outlines the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses on the effects of equol on different areas of human health and discusses briefly its presumptive mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kedhari Sundaram M, Raina R, Afroze N, Bajbouj K, Hamad M, Haque S, Hussain A. Quercetin modulates signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190720. [PMID: 31366565 PMCID: PMC6692570 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have the unique ability to overcome natural defense mechanisms, undergo unchecked proliferation and evade apoptosis. While chemotherapeutic drugs address this, they are plagued by a long list of side effects and have a poor success rate. This has spurred researchers to identify safer bioactive compounds that possess chemopreventive and therapeutic properties. A wide range of experimental as well as epidemiological data encourage the use of dietary agents to impede or delay different stages of cancer. In the present study, we have examined the anti-ancer property of ubiquitous phytochemical quercetin by using cell viability assay, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, colony formation, scratch wound assay, DNA fragmentation and comet assay. Further, qPCR analysis of various genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, metastasis and different signal transduction pathways was performed. Proteome profiler was used to quantitate the expression of several of these proteins. We find that quercetin decreases cell viability, reduces colony formation, promotes G2-M cell cycle arrest, induces DNA damage and encourages apoptosis. Quercetin induces apoptosis via activating both apoptotic pathways with a stronger effect of the extrinsic pathway relying on the combined power of TRAIL, FASL and TNF with up-regulation of caspases and pro-apoptotic genes. Quercetin could inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins by docking studies. Further, quercetin blocks PI3K, MAPK and WNT pathways. Anticancer effect of quercetin observed in cell-based assays were corroborated by molecular biology studies and yielded valuable mechanistic information. Quercetin appears to be a promising candidate with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential and warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazia Afroze
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Park C, Cha HJ, Lee H, Hwang-Bo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Hong SH, Jeong JW, Han MH, Choi SH, Jin CY, Kim GY, Choi YH. Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Genistein in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells through Inhibition of the ROS-Dependent PI3k/Akt Signal Transduction Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090327. [PMID: 31438633 PMCID: PMC6769882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the anti-cancer effect of genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma T24 cells. According to our data, genistein induced G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Genistein down-regulated the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1, but up-regulated the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, that was complexed with Cdc2 and Cdk2. Furthermore, genistein induced the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9), and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, genistein-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, indicating that the induction of apoptosis by genestein was caspase-dependent. In addition, genistein increased the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and destroying mitochondria integrity. Moreover, genistein inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, while LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, increased the apoptosis-inducing effect of genistein. Genistein further increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly suppressed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, and in particular, NAC prevented genistein-mediated inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling, G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, the present results indicated that genistein promoted apoptosis induction in human bladder cancer T24 cells, which was associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest via regulation of ROS-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Department of System Management, Korea Lift College, Geochang 50141, Korea
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhu Y, Wang Z, Zhang L. Optimization of lactic acid fermentation conditions for fermented tofu whey beverage with high-isoflavone aglycones. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
64
|
Viggiani MT, Polimeno L, Di Leo A, Barone M. Phytoestrogens: Dietary Intake, Bioavailability, and Protective Mechanisms against Colorectal Neoproliferative Lesions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081709. [PMID: 31344966 PMCID: PMC6722977 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are natural substances that have been extensively studied for their beneficial effect on human health. Herein, we analyzed the data of the literature on the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention of colorectal neoproliferative lesions (CNL). Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on CNL mainly depend on their ability to bind estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the intestinal mucosa and counter ER-alpha (ERα) activity. Epidemiological data demonstrate a correlation between the low prevalence of CNL in Eastern populations and the consumption of soy products (phytoestrogen-enriched diet). However, both observational and interventional studies have produced inconclusive results. In our opinion, these discrepancies depend on an inadequate evaluation of phytoestrogen intake (dietary questionnaires were not aimed at establishing phytoestrogen intake) and absorption (depending mainly on the intestinal microbiota of the analyzed subjects). For this reason, in the present review, we performed an overview of phytoestrogen dietary intake and metabolism to offer the reader the opportunity for a better interpretation of the literature. Future prospective trials focusing on the protective effect of phytoestrogens against CNL should take into account both their dietary intake and absorption, considering the effective role of the intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Viggiani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
MicroRNA targeting by quercetin in cancer treatment and chemoprotection. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104346. [PMID: 31295570 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of evidences from clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) function contributes to the progression of cancer and thus miRNA can be an effective target in therapy. Dietary phytochemicals, such as quercetin, are natural products that have potential anti-cancer properties due to their proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Available experimental studies indicate that quercetin could modulate multiple cancer-relevant miRNAs including let-7, miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155, thereby inhibiting cancer initiation and development. This paper reviews the data supporting the use of quercetin for miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies in various cancers, with the aim to comprehensively understand its health-promoting benefits and pharmacological potential. Integration of technology platforms for miRNAs biomarker and drug discovery is also presented.
Collapse
|
66
|
Hu C, Wong WT, Wu R, Lai WF. Biochemistry and use of soybean isoflavones in functional food development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2098-2112. [PMID: 31272191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans and their food products exist in the market in various forms, ranging from crude oils and bean meals to nutritious products (e.g. soy milk powers). With the availability of technologies for mass production of soy products and for enrichment of soy components (e.g. phospholipids, saponins, isoflavones, oligosaccharides and edible fiber), the nutritional values of soy products have been enhanced remarkably, offering the potential for functional food development. Among different bioactive components in soybeans, one important component is isoflavones, which have been widely exploited for health implications. While there are studies supporting the health benefits of isoflavones, concerns on adverse effects have been raised in the literature. The objective of this article is to review the recent understanding of the biological activities, adverse effects, and use of isoflavones in functional food development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshen Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Runyu Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
S-equol glucuronidation in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110542. [PMID: 31163218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S-equol, an active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, is mainly metabolized into glucuronide(s) by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in mammals. In the present study, S-equol glucuronidation was examined in the liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice using a kinetic analysis. CLint values for 7- and 4'-glucuronidation by liver microsomes were higher than those by intestinal microsomes in all species. CLint values for total glucuronidation (sum of 7- and 4'-glucuronidation) were rats (7.6) > monkeys (5.8) > mice (4.9) > dogs (2.8) > humans (1.0) for liver microsomes, and rats (9.6) > mice (2.8) > dogs (1.3) ≥ monkeys (1.2) > humans (1.0) for intestinal microsomes, respectively. Regarding regioselective glucuronidation by liver and intestinal microsomes, CLint values were 7-glucuronidation > 4'-glucuronidation for humans, monkeys, dogs, and mice, and 4'-glucuronidation > 7-glucuronidation for rats. These results suggest that the metabolic abilities of UGT enzymes toward S-equol in the liver and intestines markedly differ among humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice.
Collapse
|
68
|
Effect of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Viral Protein 5 mRNA Expression in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050247. [PMID: 31100910 PMCID: PMC6562522 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 200 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to five groups, and each group consisted of four replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Chicks were fed the basal diet with 0 (non-infected control), 0 (infected control), 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg soybean isoflavones (SI) for 42 days. At 21 days of age, chickens were inoculated with an infectious bursal dose (causing 50% morbidity) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) BC 6/85 strain by the eye-drop and nasal route (except for the non-infected group). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (p < 0.05) in broilers infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from 22 to 42 days. However, infected broilers fed 10 and 20 mg SI/kg had the maximum (p <0.05) ADG and ADFI from 1 to 42 days. Body weight (BW) increased (p < 0.05) in infected broilers fed the 10 and 20 mg SI /kg diet. The bursa weight at 7 days post-infection (dpi) was increased (p < 0.05) by the supplemental 10 mg SI/kg diet. Infected broilers showed the highest (p < 0.05) bursa lesions, with an average score of 4.0 ± 0.0, while the severity of bursa lesions was decreased (p < 0.05) at 3 dpi and 7 dpi by the supplemental 20 mg SI/kg diet. Supplemental SI at 20 mg/kg decreased (p < 0.05) the viral protein 5 (VP5) mRNA expression at 3 dpi and 7 dpi. The level of interferon gamma (IFNγ) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the infected group at 3 dpi and 7 dpi as compared with the control group, while its level was decreased (p < 0.05) by supplemental 10 mg/kg SI at 3 dpi. The level of nuclear factor κB in the bursal tissue showed the lowest value (p < 0.05) with supplemental 10 and 20 mg SI/kg diet at 7 dpi. Supplemental 10, 20, 40 mg/kg SI improved (p < 0.05) the serum total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in infected broilers at 3 dpi. In addition, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (p < 0.05) in the group fed 20 mg/kg SI at 7 dpi. In conclusion, supplemental 10~20 mg/kg SI may have a positive effect on broiler chickens infected with IBDV, probably because SI decrease the severity of bursa lesions and viral protein 5 mRNA expression, and have strong antioxidant activity.
Collapse
|
69
|
Liu Y, Wu X, Jiang H. High dietary fat intake lowers serum equol concentration and promotes prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse prostate model. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:24. [PMID: 31011360 PMCID: PMC6460650 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of diet high in soy products is suggested to contribute to lower prostate cancer incidence in Asian men. But little has been known about the influences of dietary patterns on gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated isoflavone metabolism. Here, we determined the influences of western pattern diet on prostate carcinogenesis, gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated equol metabolism using a transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Methods We mimicked the western pattern diet using a high fat diet (HFD). TRAMP mice were fed with either control diet (CD) or HFD. At the age of 24 weeks, mice were orally administered daidzein over a 4-day period, and then sacrificed. The serum daidzein and equol were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Fecal microbiome was analyzed with fecal 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, and prostate was dissected and performed with histopathology. Results HFD could promote prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice (p = 0.045). The daidzein showed no significant differences between CD and HFD groups, while equol was significantly decreased in HFD group (p = 0.019). Fecal microbiotas differed between the two groups, 21 microbial phylotypes were increased and 11 phylotypes were decreased in abundance in HFD group, including decreased abundance of equol-producing bacterium Adlercreutzia (0.08% vs. 0.27%). Conclusions HFD may promote prostate carcinogenesis through adversely affecting equol-producing bacterium. Further functional validations are required to ascertain the mechanism of those HFD-responsive bacteria in carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Nanashima N, Horie K. Blackcurrant Extract with Phytoestrogen Activity Alleviates Hair Loss in Ovariectomized Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071272. [PMID: 30939852 PMCID: PMC6479596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) has phytoestrogen activity; however, its effect on hair follicles is unknown. Additionally, hair loss is known to occur during menopause in women owing to decreased estrogen secretion. This study examined whether BCE alleviated female pattern hair loss using a rat model. RNA was extracted and analyzed using a microarray and ingenuity pathway analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that 1 μg/mL BCE altered many genes downstream of beta-estradiol in human hair dermal papilla cells. Additionally, the expression of the hair follicle stem cell marker keratin 19 was greatly enhanced. In a menopause model, ovariectomized rats were fed a diet containing 3% BCE for three months. An analysis of the number of hair shafts revealed that BCE increased the number of hairs by 0.5 hairs/follicular unit. Moreover, immunostaining revealed that the expression of Ki67 also increased by 19%. Furthermore, fluorescent immunostaining showed that the expression of other stem cell markers, including keratin 15, CD34, and keratin 19, was induced in rat hair follicular cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BCE has phytoestrogen activity in hair follicles and contributes to the alleviation of hair loss in a menopausal model in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
TRPM2 mediates distruption of autophagy machinery and correlates with the grade level in prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1297-1311. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
72
|
Ajdžanovic V, Filipovic B, Miljic D, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Miler M, Živanovic J, Miloševic V. Prostate cancer metastasis and soy isoflavones: a dogfight over a bone. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:106-126. [PMID: 30956643 PMCID: PMC6449674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex, progressive, bone-tropic disease, which is usually associated with skeletal issues, poor mobility and a fatal outcome when it reaches the metastatic phase. Soy isoflavones, steroid-like compounds from soy-based food/dietary supplements, have been found to decrease the risk of prostate cancer in frequent consumers. Herein, we present a systematization of the data on soy isoflavone effects at different stages of metastatic prostate cancer progression, with a particular interest in the context of bone-related molecular events. Specifically, soy isoflavones have been determined to downregulate the prostate cancer cell androgen receptors, reverse the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of these cells, decrease the expressions of prostate-specific antigen, matrix metalloproteinase and serine proteinase, and reduce the superficial membrane fluidity in prostate cancer cells. In addition, soy isoflavones suppress the angiogenesis that follows prostate cancer growth, obstruct prostate cancer cells adhesion to the vascular endothelium and their extravasation in the area of future bone lesions, improve the general bone morphofunctional status, have a beneficial effect on prostate cancer metastasis-caused osteolytic/osteoblastic lesions and possibly affect the pre-metastatic niche formation. The observed, multilevel antimetastatic properties of soy isoflavones imply that they should be considered as promising components of combined therapeutic approaches to advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ajdžanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Miloševic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Wu G, Wei Q, Yu D, Shi F. Neonatal genistein exposure disrupts ovarian and uterine development in the mouse by inhibiting cellular proliferation. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:7-17. [PMID: 30333376 PMCID: PMC6379766 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy-based formula contains high concentrations of the isoflavone genistein. Genistein possesses estrogenic and tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity and interferes with cellular proliferation
and development. To date, the acute and chronic effects of genistein on ovarian and uterine development have not been fully elucidated. In this study, mice at postnatal day 1 were
subcutaneously injected with 100 mg/kg genistein for 10 consecutive days, and then their ovaries and uteri were collected on days 10, 21, and 90. Histological evaluation was performed after
hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proliferating activity was indicated by the proliferating indicator protein Ki67. Results showed that the subcutaneous injection of genistein to neonatal
mice induced the formation of multi-oocyte follicles and delayed the primordial follicle assembly in the ovaries. Genistein significantly enlarged the cross-sectional area of the uterine
cavity and wall and disrupted the regularity between the uterine stroma and myometrium. Genistein exposure inhibited proliferative activity because fewer Ki67-positive nuclei were detected
in ovarian and uterine cell populations than in the control. Furthermore, most ovaries from adult mice given neonatal genistein were without corpora lutea, and there appeared to be cystic
follicles and hypertrophy of the theca, and cortical and medullary layers. Considering the high concentration of isoflavone in soy-based infant formulas and livestock feed, we suggest that
the use of isoflavone-rich diets in humans and livestock receive closer examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Debing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Eskra JN, Schlicht MJ, Bosland MC. Lack of combination effects of soy isoflavones and taxane chemotherapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:223-233. [PMID: 30345530 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer, including prostate cancer, often use dietary supplements, such as soy or isoflavones, before, during, or after therapy. There is little information about possible interactions between supplements and cancer chemotherapy. There are some reports suggesting enhancement by genistein of taxane chemotherapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS We investigated whether physiologically attainable concentrations of soy isoflavones (≤10 μM) interact with taxanes on growth inhibition of CRPC cells in vitro and in vivo in nude mice exposed via the diet, on microtubule disassembly in vitro, and on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and CYP3A4 activity in microsomes. RESULTS Genistein, daidzein, and equol did not affect growth of VCaP, 22Rv1, C4-2, and PC-3 CRPC cells or growth inhibition of these cells by docetaxel and cabazitaxel. These isoflavones did not inhibit microtubule disassembly in vitro or inhibit the microtubule effects of taxanes and genistein did not bind substantially to microtubules. Genistein considerably inhibited P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and CYP3A4 activity in microsomes. However, dietary supplementation with genistein at 250 and 500 ppm did not affect the tumor growth inhibiting effect of docetaxel on 22Rv1 cells xenografted in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results with relevant cell models and clinically achievable concentrations of soy isoflavones do not support the notion that genistein or other soy isoflavones can enhance the effects of taxane chemotherapy in CRPC cell and xenograft models. Yet, the inhibitory effects of genistein on drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and on microsomal CYP3A4 activity raise the possibility that genistein can affect taxane effects on CRPC cells in other circumstances than those we studied, which merits further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Eskra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael J Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Oyenihi AB, Smith C. Are polyphenol antioxidants at the root of medicinal plant anti-cancer success? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:54-72. [PMID: 30287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Given the severe side effects associated with most of the conventional cancer medications, as well as the expanding body of evidence indicating secondary toxicity of these drugs, individuals with cancer are increasingly turning to natural alternatives. Similarly, the pharmaceutical industry is in search of natural products to treat cancer. An understanding of the specific active components in plant products with which anti-cancer efficacy is achieved is required for this research to move forward. AIM OF THE STUDY To integrate data from cancer-relatestudies on plant-derived products or extracts, to elucidate whether these products may have similar active ingredients and/or mechanisms of action, that can explain their efficacy. This review also includes a discussion of the methodological complexities and important considerations involved in accurate isolation and characterisation of active substances from plant material. CONCLUSIONS From the literature reviewed, most plant products with consistently reported anti-cancer efficacy contains high levels of polyphenols or other potent antioxidants and their mechanisms of action correlate to that reported for isolated antioxidants in the context of cancer. This suggests that natural products may indeed become the panacea against this chronic disease - either as therapeutic medicine strategy or to serve as templates for the design of novel synthetic drugs. The recommendation is made that antioxidant activity of plant actives and especially polyphenols, should be the focus of anti-cancer drug discovery initiatives. Lastly, researchers are advised to exploit current techniques of chemical compound characterisation when investigating polyphenol-rich plants to enable the easy consolidation of research findings from different laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Oyenihi
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Zhou T, Meng C, He P. Soy Isoflavones and their Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:46-53. [PMID: 29708073 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180427170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are bioflavonoids found in soy products that are able to interact with various hormones such as estrogen. Epidemiological studies reveal a proper level of isoflavones in diet can prevent many diseases like cancers or diabetes. Therefore, it is important to study the biotransformation and xenobiotic metabolism of soy isoflavones. METHODS A systematic review of published studies was carried out to investigate the characterization of isoflavones and their metabolites, sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis of isoflavones, and the influence of soy isoflavones on drug and xenobiotic metabolism. RESULTS Aglycones with weak estrogen-like activities are the biologically active forms of the soy isoflavones in mammals. The most recent advances including extraction, purification and detection of isoflavones in soybean and soy products are discussed. The effects of soy isoflavones on drug and xenobiotic metabolism involve in regulation of phase I cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme and phase I detoxifying enzymes expression and activity. At the molecular level, soy isoflavones have proved capable of estrogenic/antiestrogenic with tissue-selective, anti-cancer, antiobesity, anti-oxidation, and tyrosine kinase inhibition activities. CONCLUSION This review summarized different aspects of soy isoflavones and their molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action on xenobiotic, which demonstrated that soy isoflavones can decrease the incidence of many diseases and benefit for human health. However, since the lack of clinical research for evaluation of the proper dosage of intake of soy isoflavones in diet or adjunctive therapy, there is a need for further studies on the selection of doses, biomedical applications and adverse effects of isoflavones for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Cao ZH, Green-Johnson JM, Buckley ND, Lin QY. Bioactivity of soy-based fermented foods: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:223-238. [PMID: 30521852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, fermented soy foods have been dietary staples in Asia and, now, in response to consumer demand, they are available throughout the world. Fermentation bestows unique flavors, boosts nutritional values and increases or adds new functional properties. In this review, we describe the functional properties and underlying action mechanisms of soy-based fermented foods such as Natto, fermented soy milk, Tempeh and soy sauce. When possible, the contribution of specific bioactive components is highlighted. While numerous studies with in vitro and animal models have hinted at the functionality of fermented soy foods, ascribing health benefits requires well-designed, often complex human studies with analysis of diet, lifestyle, family and medical history combined with long-term follow-ups for each subject. In addition, the contribution of the microbiome to the bioactivities of fermented soy foods, possibly mediated through direct action or bioactive metabolites, needs to be studied. Potential synergy or other interactions among the microorganisms carrying out the fermentation and the host's microbial community may also contribute to food functionality, but the details still require elucidation. Finally, safety evaluation of fermented soy foods has been limited, but is essential in order to provide guidelines for consumption and confirm lack of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa L1H 7K4, Canada
| | | | - Qiu-Ye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Sivoňová MK, Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Dušenka R, Jurečeková J. Androgen receptor and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:191-204. [PMID: 30680195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role not only in normal prostate development, but also in prostate cancer. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, the majority of patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which eventually leads to mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dietary changes, have been explored. Soy isoflavones have become a focus of interest because of their positive health benefits on numerous diseases, particularly hormone-related cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. An important strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer might thus be the action of soy isoflavones on the AR signaling pathway. The current review article provides a detailed overview of the anticancer potential of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), as mediated by their effect on AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmetová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Lichardusová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Perez‐Cornago A, Appleby PN, Boeing H, Gil L, Kyrø C, Ricceri F, Murphy N, Trichopoulou A, Tsilidis KK, Khaw K, Luben RN, Gislefoss RE, Langseth H, Drake I, Sonestedt E, Wallström P, Stattin P, Johansson A, Landberg R, Nilsson LM, Ozasa K, Tamakoshi A, Mikami K, Kubo T, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Key TJ, Allen NE, Travis RC. Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2677-2686. [PMID: 29971774 PMCID: PMC6283047 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens may influence prostate cancer development. This study aimed to examine the association between prediagnostic circulating concentrations of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, equol) and lignans (enterolactone and enterodiol) and the risk of prostate cancer. Individual participant data were available from seven prospective studies (two studies from Japan with 241 cases and 503 controls and five studies from Europe with 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls). Because of the large difference in circulating isoflavone concentrations between Japan and Europe, analyses of the associations of isoflavone concentrations and prostate cancer risk were evaluated separately. Prostate cancer risk by study-specific fourths of circulating concentrations of each phytoestrogen was estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. In men from Japan, those with high compared to low circulating equol concentrations had a lower risk of prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR for upper quartile [Q4] vs. Q1 = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.97), although there was no significant trend (OR per 75 percentile increase = 0.69, 95 CI = 0.46-1.05, ptrend = 0.085); Genistein and daidzein concentrations were not significantly associated with risk (ORs for Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.70, 0.45-1.10 and 0.71, 0.45-1.12, respectively). In men from Europe, circulating concentrations of genistein, daidzein and equol were not associated with risk. Circulating lignan concentrations were not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, overall or by disease aggressiveness or time to diagnosis. There was no strong evidence that prediagnostic circulating concentrations of isoflavones or lignans are associated with prostate cancer risk, although further research is warranted in populations where isoflavone intakes are high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Leire Gil
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa‐BIODONOSTIABasque Regional Health DepartmentSan SebastianSpain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Unit of EpidemiologyRegional Health Service ASL TO3GrugliascoItaly
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Kay‐Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Peter Wallström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Clinical Research CentreSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Nutritional Research and Molecular PeriodontologyUmeå UniversityUmeöSweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringFood and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineNutritional Research, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineNutritional Research, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Arctic Research Centre, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of EpidemiologyRadiation Effects Research FoundationMinami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineKita‐kuSapporoJapan
| | - Kazuya Mikami
- Department of UrologyKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKamikgyo‐kuKyotoJapan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthYahatanishi‐kuKitakyushuJapan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthBig Data Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthBig Data Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Structure-Based Classification and Anti-Cancer Effects of Plant Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092651. [PMID: 30200668 PMCID: PMC6163735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of malignant cancers affect the global human population. Although a wide variety of approaches to cancer treatment have been studied and used clinically (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy), the toxic side effects of cancer therapies have a negative impact on patients and impede progress in conquering cancer. Plant metabolites are emerging as new leads for anti-cancer drug development. This review summarizes these plant metabolites with regard to their structures and the types of cancer against which they show activity, organized by the organ or tissues in which each cancer forms. This information will be helpful for understanding the current state of knowledge of the anti-cancer effects of various plant metabolites against major types of cancer for the further development of novel anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
81
|
Reed D, Raina K, Agarwal R. Nutraceuticals in prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and their neo-adjuvant use in diverse populations. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:15. [PMID: 30062144 PMCID: PMC6060229 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer mortality in American males. Notably, men of African descent in the United States and Caribbean have the highest PCa mortality rates compared to men with European ancestry. Although current therapeutics are quite potent and effective, disease resistance, progression to metastasis, therapy-associated toxicities and efficacy-related issues in diverse populations develop over time. Thus, non-toxic and efficacious therapeutic strategies are needed to address these major obstacles for the clinical treatment and management of PCa. In this regard, preclinical and population-based efficacy studies have shown the potential of natural non-toxic nutraceuticals as potent anti-PCa agents. Accordingly, the implementation of nutraceutical intervention and genetic testing in diverse populations might aid in the development and design of precision medicine strategies to reduce the burden of chemotherapy-associated toxicities, suppress disease resistance, and treat both localized and advanced PCa. Consequently, additional large-scale and inclusive clinical studies are required to fully assess efficacy and therapeutic limitations of these agents in PCa. This review discusses the most current clinical research on selected nutraceutical agents and their efficacy in the context of clinico-pathological outcomes and disease susceptibility in diverse PCa clinical and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hanioka N, Ohkawara S, Isobe T, Ochi S, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Jinno H. Regioselective glucuronidation of daidzein in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2809-2817. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
83
|
Lu C, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhang L, Lv J, Jiang N, Fan B, Liu X, Wang F. Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E853. [PMID: 29966363 PMCID: PMC6073222 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, interest in soybean as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased and soy isoflavones (SI), as kinds of soybean phytochemicals, are thought to be biologically active components that confer this beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of SI is not well understood. Therefore, the present study (30 days) was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of soy isoflavones (SI) on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairments in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (aged 4 weeks) and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. SI (40 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of SCOP-treated mice in an object location recognition task and the Morris water maze test. SI (40 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cholinergic system function and suppressed oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus of SCOP-treated mice. Furthermore, SI (40 mg/kg) treatment markedly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that soy isoflavones exerted a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunctions induced by scopolamine, suggesting that soy isoflavones could be a good candidate for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Kawada Y, Goshima T, Sawamura R, Yokoyama SI, Yanase E, Niwa T, Ebihara A, Inagaki M, Yamaguchi K, Kuwata K, Kato Y, Sakurada O, Suzuki T. Daidzein reductase of Eggerthella sp. YY7918, its octameric subunit structure containing FMN/FAD/4Fe-4S, and its enantioselective production of R-dihydroisoflavones. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:301-309. [PMID: 29699942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
S-Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a type of soy isoflavone, and three reductases are involved in the conversion of daidzein by specific intestinal bacteria. S-Equol is thought to prevent hormone-dependent diseases. We previously identified the equol producing gene cluster (eqlABC) of Eggerthella sp. YY7918. Daidzein reductase (DZNR), encoded by eqlA, catalyzes the reduction of daidzein to dihydrodaidzein (the first step of equol synthesis), which was confirmed using a recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli. Here, we purified recombinant DZNR to homogeneity and analyzed its enzymological properties. DZNR contained FMN, FAD, and one 4Fe-4S cluster per 70-kDa subunit as enzymatic cofactors. DZNR reduced the CC bond between the C-2 and C-3 positions of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and formononetin in the presence of NADPH. R-Dihydrodaidzein and R-dihydrogenistein were highly stereo-selectively produced from daidzein and genistein. The Km and kcat for daidzein were 11.9 μM and 6.7 s-1, and these values for genistein were 74.1 μM and 28.3 s-1, respectively. This enzyme showed similar kinetic parameters and wide substrate specificity for isoflavone molecules. Thus, this enzyme appears to be an isoflavone reductase. Gel filtration chromatography and chemical cross-linking analysis of the active form of DZNR suggested that the enzyme consists of an octameric subunit structure. We confirmed this by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy at a magnification of ×200,000. DZNR formed a globular four-petal cloverleaf structure with a central vertical hole. The maximum particle size was 173 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Kawada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoko Goshima
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Rie Sawamura
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yokoyama
- Department of Food Technology, Industrial Technology Center, Gifu Prefectural Government, 47 Kitaoyobi, Kasamatsu, Hashima, Gifu 501-6064, Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshio Niwa
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, 6 Nikko-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan
| | - Akio Ebihara
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mizuho Inagaki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuta Kato
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakurada
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Nanashima N, Horie K, Maeda H, Tomisawa T, Kitajima M, Nakamura T. Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increase the Levels of Collagen, Elastin, and Hyaluronic Acid in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040495. [PMID: 29659549 PMCID: PMC5946280 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.) contain high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health, owing to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances with estrogenic activity, which could have beneficial effects on the skin. Estradiol secretion decreases during menopause, reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) component production by skin fibroblasts. Using a normal human female skin fibroblast cell line (TIG113) and ovariectomized rats, the present study investigated whether an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) and four blackcurrant anthocyanins have novel phytoestrogenic activities that could benefit the skin in menopausal women. In TIG113 cells, a microarray and the Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that 1.0 μg/mL of BCE upregulated the expression of many estrogen signaling-related genes. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that BCE (1.0 or 10.0 μg/mL) and four types of anthocyanins (10 μM) altered the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and enzymes involved in ECM turnover. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the anthocyanins stimulated the expression of ECM proteins, such as collagen (types I and III) and elastin. Dietary administration of 3% BCE to ovariectomized rats for 3 months increased skin levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This is the first study to show that blackcurrant phytoestrogens have beneficial effects on skin experimental models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Lerner L, Winn R, Hulbert A. Lung cancer early detection and health disparities: the intersection of epigenetics and ethnicity. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2498-2507. [PMID: 29850158 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prominent cause of cancer-related mortality. Significant disparities in incidence and outcome characterize the disease's manifestations among ethnically and racially diverse populations. Complete surgical resection is the most effective curative treatment. However, success relies on early tumor detection. The National Lung Cancer Screening trial showed that lung cancer related mortality can be reduced by the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening. However, this test is plagued by a high false positive rate of 97% and the device itself is limited to designated cancer centers due to its expense and size. This restriction makes it difficult for underserved groups to access LDCT screening, the current standard of care. Highly sensitive and specific epigenetic DNA methylation-based biomarkers have the potential to work independently or in conjunction with LDCT screening to identify early-stage tumors. These tests could reduce unnecessary invasive confirmatory diagnostic tests and their associated morbidity and mortality. These tests also have the opportunity to bring lung cancer screening to the community thereby reducing unequal accessibility. However, epigenetic alterations are closely linked to the interplay between hereditary and environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, ethnic ancestry, toxin exposure, residential segregation, and disparate community support structures. Despite this, the overwhelming number of early detection DNA methylation biomarker studies to date have either failed to control for ethnicity or have employed heavily Caucasian-biased patient cohorts. This review seeks to summarize the literature related to the early detection of lung cancer through molecular biomarkers among different ethnicities. Ethnical specific epigenetic biomarkers have the potential to be the first step towards an accessible, available personalized medicine approach to cancer through liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lane Lerner
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert Winn
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
S-Equol, a Major Isoflavone from Soybean, Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Rat Astrocytes Partially via the GPR30-Mediated Pathway. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:8496973. [PMID: 29692883 PMCID: PMC5859849 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8496973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that estrogen receptor (ER) agonists attenuate neuroinflammation. Equol, a major isoflavone from soybean, exhibits estrogen-like biological activity, but their effect on inflammatory response has not been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of S-equol on nitric oxide (NO) production, well-known inflammatory change in astrocytes stimulated by LPS. S-Equol attenuated LPS-induced NO production with a concomitant decrease in expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). S-Equol did not affect LPS-induced increase in intracellular ROS production. Intracellular ER blocker ICI 182.780 had no effect on S-equol-induced decrease in NO production. Addition of G-15, antagonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 which is nongenomic ER and located on cell surface, partially recovered S-equol-induced attenuation of NO production. These findings suggest that attenuation of NO production by S-equol may mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in astrocytes. S-Equol may exert a glioprotective effect, at least in part, via a nongenomic effect.
Collapse
|
88
|
Russo GI, Di Mauro M, Regis F, Reale G, Campisi D, Marranzano M, Lo Giudice A, Solinas T, Madonia M, Cimino S, Morgia G. Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily. Aging Male 2018; 21:48-54. [PMID: 28817364 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1365834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to investigate the association between dietary phytoestrogen consumption and prostate cancer in a sample of southern Italian individuals. METHODS A population-based case-control study on the association between prostate cancer and dietary factors was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single institution of the municipality of Catania, southern Italy (Registration number: 41/2015). A total of 118 histopathological-verified prostate cancer (PCa) cases and a total of 222 controls were collected. Dietary data was collected by using two food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS Patients with PCa consumed significantly higher levels of phytoestrogens. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lignans (Q[quartile]4 vs. Q1, OR [odds ratio] = 4.72; p < .05) and specifically, lariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.60; p < .05), pinoresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 5.62; p < .05), matairesinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 3.63; p < .05), secoisolariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.10; p < .05) were associated with increased risk of PCa. Furthermore, we found that isoflavones (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.28; p < .05) and specifically, genistein (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.40; p < .05) were associated with reduced risk of PCa. CONCLUSION We found of an inverse association between dietary isoflavone intake and PCa, while a positive association was found with lignans intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Regis
- a Urology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giulio Reale
- a Urology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Marina Marranzano
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Hollinger JC, Angra K, Halder RM. Are Natural Ingredients Effective in the Management of Hyperpigmentation? A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2018; 11:28-37. [PMID: 29552273 PMCID: PMC5843359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hyperpigmentation disorders are commonly encountered in dermatology clinics. Botanical and natural ingredients have gained popularity as alternative depigmenting products. OBJECTIVE: We sought to review clinical studies evaluating the use of different natural products in treating hyperpigmentation so clinicians are better equipped to educate their patients. Specific ingredients reviewed include azelaic acid, aloesin, mulberry, licorice extracts, lignin peroxidase, kojic acid, niacinamide, ellagic acid, arbutin, green tea, turmeric, soy, and ascorbic acid. METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed and SCOPUS databases were performed in March 2016 using the various ingredient names, "melasma"and "hyperpigmentation." Two reviewers independently screened titles, leading to the selection of 30 clinical studies. RESULTS: Review of the literature revealed few clinical trials that evaluated the treatment of hyperpigmentation with natural ingredients. Despite the limited evidence-based research, several natural ingredients did show efficacy as depigmenting agents, including azelaic acid, soy, lignin peroxidase, ascorbic acid iontophoresis, arbutin, ellagic acid, licorice extracts, niacinamide, and mulberry. CONCLUSION: The aforementioned ingredients show promise as natural treatments for patients with hyperpigmentation disorders. These agents might also provide clinicians and researchers with a way to further characterize the pathogenesis of dyschromia. However, the paucity of clinical studies is certainly a limitation. Additionally, many of the in-vivo studies are limited by the short length of the trials, and questions remain about the long-term efficacy and safety of the ingredients used in these studies. Lastly, we suggest a standardized objective scoring system be implemented in any further comparative studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Hollinger
- Dr. Hollinger is with the Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi
- Drs. Angra and Halder are with the Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, DC
| | - Kunal Angra
- Dr. Hollinger is with the Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi
- Drs. Angra and Halder are with the Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, DC
| | - Rebat M Halder
- Dr. Hollinger is with the Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi
- Drs. Angra and Halder are with the Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Zhang Z, Wu H, Zhou H, Gu Y, Bai Y, Yu S, An R, Qi J. Identification of potential key genes and high-frequency mutant genes in prostate cancer by using RNA-Seq data. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4550-4556. [PMID: 29616087 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential key genes and single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in prostate cancer. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, GSE22260, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 4 prostate cancer samples and 4 normal tissues samples. RNA-Seq reads were processed using Tophat and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Cufflinks package. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Subsequently, Seqpos was used to identify the potential upstream regulatory elements of DEGs. SNV was analyzed using Genome Analysis Toolkit. In addition, the frequency and risk-level of mutant genes were calculated using VarioWatch. A total of 150 upregulated and 211 downregulated DEGs were selected and 25 upregulated and 17 downregulated potential upstream regulatory elements were identified, respectively. The SNV annotations of somatic mutations revealed that 65% were base transition and 35% were base transversion. At frequencies ≥2, a total of 17 mutation sites were identified. The mutation site with the highest frequency was located in the folate hydrolase 1B (FOLH1B) gene. Furthermore, 20 high-risk mutant genes with high frequency were identified using VarioWatch, including ribosomal protein S4 Y-linked 2 (RPS4Y2), polycystin 1 transient receptor potential channel interacting (PKD1) and FOLH1B. In addition, kallikrein 1 (KLK1) and PKD1 are known tumor suppressor genes. The potential regulatory elements and high-frequency mutant genes (RPS4Y2, KLK1, PKD1 and FOLH1B) may have key functions in prostate cancer. The results of the present study may provide novel information for the understanding of prostate cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - He Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Bai
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Yu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Paterni I, Granchi C, Minutolo F. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3384-3404. [PMID: 26744831 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are widely diffused in the environment and in food, thus a large portion of human population worldwide is exposed to them. Among alimentary xenoestrogens, phytoestrogens (PhyEs) are increasingly being consumed because of their potential health benefits, although there are also important risks associated to their ingestion. Furthermore, other xenoestrogens that may be present in food are represented by other chemicals possessing estrogenic activities, that are commonly defined as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs pose a serious health concern since they may cause a wide range of health problems, starting from pre-birth till adult lifelong exposure. We herein provide an overview of the main classes of xenoestrogens, which are classified on the basis of their origin, their structures and their occurrence in the food chain. Furthermore, their either beneficial or toxic effects on human health are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Filippo Minutolo
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute," Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010040. [PMID: 29300347 PMCID: PMC5793268 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, accounting for 15% of all cancers in men worldwide. Asian populations consume soy foods as part of a regular diet, which may contribute to the lower PCa incidence observed in these countries. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive updated analysis that builds on previously published meta-analyses, demonstrating that soy foods and their isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) are associated with a lower risk of prostate carcinogenesis. Thirty articles were included for analysis of the potential impacts of soy food intake, isoflavone intake, and circulating isoflavone levels, on both primary and advanced PCa. Total soy food (p < 0.001), genistein (p = 0.008), daidzein (p = 0.018), and unfermented soy food (p < 0.001) intakes were significantly associated with a reduced risk of PCa. Fermented soy food intake, total isoflavone intake, and circulating isoflavones were not associated with PCa risk. Neither soy food intake nor circulating isoflavones were associated with advanced PCa risk, although very few studies currently exist to examine potential associations. Combined, this evidence from observational studies shows a statistically significant association between soy consumption and decreased PCa risk. Further studies are required to support soy consumption as a prophylactic dietary approach to reduce PCa carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
93
|
Phytoestrogenic Activity of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Is Partially Mediated through Estrogen Receptor Beta. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010074. [PMID: 29286333 PMCID: PMC6017224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with estrogenic effects found in many foods. We have previously reported phytoestrogen activity of blackcurrant anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-rutinoside) via the estrogen receptor (ER)α. In this study, we investigated the participation of ERβ in the phytoestrogen activity of these anthocyanins. Blackcurrant anthocyanin induced ERβ-mediated transcriptional activity, and the IC50 of ERβ was lower than that of ERα, indicating that blackcurrant anthocyanins have a higher binding affinity to ERβ. In silico docking analysis of cyanidin and delphinidin, the core portions of the compound that fits within the ligand-binding pocket of ERβ, showed that similarly to 17β-estradiol, hydrogen bonds formed with the ERβ residues Glu305, Arg346, and His475. No fitting placement of glucoside or rutinoside sugar chains within the ligand-binding pocket of ERβ-estradiol complex was detected. However, as the conformation of helices 3 and 12 in ERβ varies depending on the ligand, we suggest that the surrounding structure, including these helices, adopts a conformation capable of accommodating glucoside or rutinoside. Comparison of ERα and ERβ docking structures revealed that the selectivity for ERβ is higher than that for ERα, similar to genistein. These results show that blackcurrant anthocyanins exert phytoestrogen activity via ERβ.
Collapse
|
94
|
Paul B, Royston KJ, Li Y, Stoll ML, Skibola CF, Wilson LS, Barnes S, Morrow CD, Tollefsbol TO. Impact of genistein on the gut microbiome of humanized mice and its role in breast tumor inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189756. [PMID: 29267377 PMCID: PMC5739415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since dietary polyphenols can have beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of cancer, we tested the hypothesis that breast cancer patients’ intestinal microbiota is modulated by genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy, and that microbial alterations may offset the side effects brought about by chemotherapy. We demonstrated successful humanization of germ-free mice by transplanting fecal samples from breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. Mice were then grouped based on chemotherapy status and GE or control diet. We did not find any significant differences between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy bacterial composition and abundances. Germ-free mice on a GE diet showed differences in microbial composition as compared to mice on control diet. Four weeks after introduction of the customized GE diet, there was distinct clustering of GE-fed mice as compared to the control-fed group. In the gut microbiome of GE-treated humanized mice, there was an increase in abundance of genera Lactococcus and Eubacterium. Phylum Verrucomicrobia showed statistically significant (p = 0.02) differences in abundances between the GE-fed and control-fed groups. There was an increase in bacteria belonging to family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in GE-fed mice. Marked changes were observed in GE catabolism in mice humanized with fecal material from two of three patients’ post-chemotherapy with complete disappearance of 4-ethylphenol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenol) propionic acid conjugates. The post-tumor samples did not show any distinct clustering of the gut microbiota between the two diet groups. There was an increase in latency of about 25% for tumor growth of the humanized mice that were on a GE diet as compared to humanized mice on a control diet. The average tumor size for the GE group was significantly decreased compared to the non-GE group. Collectively, our results suggest that the intestinal microbiota becomes altered with a GE diet before induction of tumor. Our findings indicate that GE modulates the microbiome in humanized mice that may contribute to its effects on increasing the latency of breast tumor and reducing tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kendra J. Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christine F. Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Development & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Li Y, Hong J, Li H, Qi X, Guo Y, Han M, Wang X. Genkwanin nanosuspensions: a novel and potential antitumor drug in breast carcinoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1491-1500. [PMID: 28961040 PMCID: PMC8241161 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1384519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, genkwanin (GKA) has been shown to display in vitro antitumor activity against some cancer cells, but its poor solubility restricted the in vivo study and further investigation of its antitumor therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, genkwanin nanosuspensions (GKA-NSps) were successfully prepared using D-alpha tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as a stabilizer using the precipitation-homogenization method. The obtained GKA-NSps had an average particle size of 183.1 ± 4.4 nm, a PDI value of 0.16 ± 0.07, a zeta potential of −16.2 ± 0.1 mV, and a drug loading content of 49.36 ± 0.14%. GKA-NSps showed spherical morphology and very good stability in normal saline, phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), 5% glucose, artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and plasma; thus, it is suitable for both oral and intravenous administration. The resultant GKA-NSps displayed sustained drug release behavior and stronger in vitro cytotoxicity against 4T1, MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, HeLa, HepG2, BT474, and A549 cells than free GKA. The in vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice indicated that GKA-NSps (60 mg/kg, i.v.) achieved similar therapeutic efficacy as PTX injection (8 mg/kg, i.v.) (62.09% vs. 61.27%), while the minimal lethal dose was more than 320 mg/kg, indicating good safety. By using nanotechnology, our study suggested that some antitumor flavonoids of low potency, such as GKA, are promising as safe but effective anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Li
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jingyi Hong
- b Institute of Allergy and Immunology , Shenzhen University School of Medicine , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - Haowen Li
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- c School of Pharmacy , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yifei Guo
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Meihua Han
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Zhou P, Wang C, Hu Z, Chen W, Qi W, Li A. Genistein induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells by reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal via a Notch1/NF-κB/slug/E-cadherin pathway. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:813. [PMID: 29202800 PMCID: PMC5715491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genistein has been known to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in several kinds of cancer cells. While knowledge of genistein in regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer cells is unknown. Methods To investigate the effects and mechanisms of genistein on EMT of colon cancer cells, HT-29 cells were used and treated by genistein and TNF-α in this paper. EMT was determined by cell invasion assays using a transwell chamber and the expression changes of EMT-related markers were confirmed by RT–PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Results Genistein inhibited cell migration at 200 μmol/L. Genistein reversed the EMT of colon cancer cells by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, accompanied by the suppression of EMT related makers, such as Snail2/slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, FOXC1, FOXC2 and TWIST1. Moreover, genistein can inhibit the expression of notch-1, p-NF-κB and NF-κB, while promote the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in HT-29 cells. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that genistein suppressed the migration of colon cancer cells by reversal the EMT via suppressing the Notch1/NF-κB/slug/E-cadherin pathway. Genistein may be developed as a potential antimetastasis agent to colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhou
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebin Hu
- Institue for In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents Control, the National Institutes for food and drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenruo Chen
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aike Li
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
98
|
X-11-5-27, a daidzein derivative, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity via promoting autophagy. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:320-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
99
|
Mechanism study of isoflavones as an anti-retinoblastoma progression agent. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88401-88409. [PMID: 29179444 PMCID: PMC5687614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones, bioactive soy compounds, are known to exhibit anticancer activities. The present study investigated the anticancer activities of isoflavones on human retinoblastoma Y79 cells in vitro and in vivo. An MTT cell viability assay showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of isoflavones against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells is 1.23 ± 0.42 μmol/l. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that isoflavones blocked G1/S progression. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in Y79 cells was inhibited by isoflavones, with a concomitant decrease in cyclin E1, which accounted for the isoflavone-mediated G1 phase arrest. Isoflavones also inhibited human retinoblastoma growth in vivo; western blot analysis showed inhibition of mTOR and downregulation of cyclin E1 in an isoflavone-treated xenograft mouse model. Together, these results illustrate that isoflavones inhibit retinoblastoma tumour growth in vitro and vivo and that inactivation of the mTOR pathway and downregulation of cyclin E1 is involved in this action. The results of this study suggest that isoflavones could be tested as promising anti-retinoblastoma agent.
Collapse
|
100
|
Dahlberg S, Ede J, Schött U. Vitamin K and cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:555-567. [PMID: 28933567 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1379090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical vitamin K deficits refer to carboxylation defects of different types of vitamin K-dependent hepatic and extrahepatic so-called Gla proteins without prolongation of the prothrombin time. This condition has been reported in different clinical situations due to insufficient supply or malabsorption of vitamin K as well as drug interactions. This review discusses the effects of different vitamin K subspecies on tumour growth and the possible anti-tumour effects of increased vitamin K intake. Blocking carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins with warfarin anticoagulation - what are the risks/benefits for carcinogenesis? Previous studies on both heparin and low molecular weight heparin blocking of the vitamin K-dependent factors X and II have shown tumour suppressive effects. Vitamin K has anti-inflammatory effects that could also impact carcinogenesis, but little data exists on this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dahlberg
- a Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Institution of Clinical Science Lund, Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jacob Ede
- a Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Institution of Clinical Science Lund, Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulf Schött
- a Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Institution of Clinical Science Lund, Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care , Skåne University Hospital Lund , Lund , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|