51
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Panahi M, Rahimi B, Rahimi G, Yew Low T, Saraygord-Afshari N, Alizadeh E. Cytoprotective effects of antioxidant supplementation on mesenchymal stem cell therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6462-6495. [PMID: 32239727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are earmarked as perfect candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate into different cell types. However, their potential for application in regenerative medicine declines when the levels of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) increase from the physiological levels, a phenomenon which is at least inevitable in ex vivo cultures and air-exposed damaged tissues. Increased levels of RONS can alter the patterns of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and inhibit proliferation, as well. Besides, oxidative stress enhances senescence and cell death, thus lowering the success rates of the MSC engraftment. Hence, in this review, we have selected some representatives of antioxidants and newly emerged nano antioxidants in three main categories, including chemical compounds, biometabolites, and protein precursors/proteins, which are proved to be effective in the treatment of MSCs. We will focus on how antioxidants can be applied to optimize the clinical usage of the MSCs and their associated signaling pathways. We have also reviewed several paralleled properties of some antioxidants and nano antioxidants which can be simultaneously used in real-time imaging, scaffolding techniques, and other applications in addition to their primary antioxidative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Panahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbarg Rahimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Neda Saraygord-Afshari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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52
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive theory of obesity and a healthy diet: The causal role of oxidative stress in food addiction and obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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53
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Chui A, Zhang Q, Dai Q, Shi SH. Oxidative stress regulates progenitor behavior and cortical neurogenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.184150. [PMID: 32041791 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orderly division of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex generates deep and superficial layer neurons progressively. However, the mechanisms that control RGP behavior and precise neuronal output remain elusive. Here, we show that the oxidative stress level progressively increases in the developing mouse cortex and regulates RGP behavior and neurogenesis. As development proceeds, numerous gene pathways linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress exhibit drastic changes in RGPs. Selective removal of PRDM16, a transcriptional regulator highly expressed in RGPs, elevates ROS level and induces expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes. Coinciding with an enhanced level of oxidative stress, RGP behavior was altered, leading to abnormal deep and superficial layer neuron generation. Simultaneous expression of mitochondrially targeted catalase to reduce cellular ROS levels significantly suppresses cortical defects caused by PRDM16 removal. Together, these findings suggest that oxidative stress actively regulates RGP behavior to ensure proper neurogenesis in the mammalian cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chui
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Center of Biological Molecules, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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54
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Kuschak M, Namasivayam V, Rafehi M, Voss JH, Garg J, Schlegel JG, Abdelrahman A, Kehraus S, Reher R, Küppers J, Sylvester K, Hinz S, Matthey M, Wenzel D, Fleischmann BK, Pfeifer A, Inoue A, Gütschow M, König GM, Müller CE. Cell-permeable high-affinity tracers for G q proteins provide structural insights, reveal distinct binding kinetics and identify small molecule inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1898-1916. [PMID: 31881095 PMCID: PMC7070167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose G proteins are intracellular switches that transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPCRs. The Gq protein subtypes, which are coupled to PLC activation, can act as oncogenes, and their expression was reported to be up‐regulated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Gq inhibition may be an efficient therapeutic strategy constituting a new level of intervention. However, diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs for Gq proteins are lacking. Experimental Approach We have now developed Gq‐specific, cell‐permeable 3H‐labelled high‐affinity probes based on the macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM‐254890 (YM). The tracers served to specifically label and quantify Gq proteins in their native conformation in cells and tissues with high accuracy. Key Results FR and YM displayed low nanomolar affinity for Gαq, Gα11 and Gα14 expressed in CRISPR/Cas9 Gαq‐knockout cells, but not for Gα15. The two structurally very similar tracers showed strikingly different dissociation kinetics, which is predicted to result in divergent biological effects. Computational studies suggested a “dowel” effect of the pseudoirreversibly binding FR. A high‐throughput binding assay led to the discovery of novel Gq inhibitors, which inhibited Gq signalling in recombinant cells and primary murine brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced differentiation. Conclusions and Implications The Gq protein inhibitors YM and FR are pharmacologically different despite similar structures. The new versatile tools and powerful assays will contribute to the advancement of the rising field of G protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan G Schlegel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michael Gütschow
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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55
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Pierce JL, Roberts RL, Yu K, Kendall RK, Kaiser H, Davis C, Johnson MH, Hill WD, Isales CM, Bollag WB, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME. Kynurenine suppresses osteoblastic cell energetics in vitro and osteoblast numbers in vivo. Exp Gerontol 2020; 130:110818. [PMID: 31862422 PMCID: PMC7003726 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive process associated with declining tissue function over time. Kynurenine, an oxidized metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan that increases in abundance with age, drives cellular processes of aging and dysfunction in many tissues, and recent work has focused on understanding the pathways involved in the harmful effects of kynurenine on bone. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of controlled kynurenine administration on osteoblast bioenergetics, in vivo osteoblast abundance, and marrow fat accumulation. Additionally, as an extension of earlier studies with dietary administration of kynurenine, we investigated the effects of kynurenine on Hdac3 and NCoR1 expression and enzymatic deacetylase activity as potential mechanistic contributors to the effects of kynurenine on osteoblasts. Kynurenine administration suppressed cellular metabolism in osteoblasts at least in part through impaired mitochondrial respiration, and suppressed osteoblastic numbers in vivo with no concurrent effects on marrow adiposity. Deleterious effects of kynurenine treatment on osteoblasts were more pronounced in female models as compared to males. However, kynurenine treatment did not inhibit Hdac3's enzymatic deacetylase activity nor its repression of downstream glucocorticoid signaling. As such, future work will be necessary to determine the mechanisms by which increased kynurenine contributes to aging bone bioenergetics. The current study provides novel further support for the idea that kynurenine contributes to impaired osteoblastic function, and suggests that impaired matrix production by kynurenine-affected osteoblasts is attributed in part to impaired osteoblastic bioenergetics. As circulating kynurenine levels in increase with age, and human bone density inversely correlates with the serum kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, these mechanisms may have important relevance in the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Pierce
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel L Roberts
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Riley K Kendall
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Helen Kaiser
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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56
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass and has been associated with a strong predisposition towards metabolic diseases and cancer. Thus, it constitutes a public health issue of major proportion. The expansion of adipose depots can be driven either by the increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) or by the formation of new adipocytes from precursor differentiation in the process of adipogenesis (hyperplasia). Notably, adipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity, and the mechanisms and regulators of this adaptive process are now emerging. Over the past several years, we have learned a considerable amount about how adipocyte fate is determined and how adipogenesis is regulated by signalling and systemic factors. We have also gained appreciation that the adipogenic niche can influence tissue adipogenic capability. Approaches aimed at increasing adipogenesis over adipocyte hypertrophy can now be explored as a means to treat metabolic diseases.
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57
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Bermano G, Stoyanova T, Hennequart F, Wainwright CL. Seaweed-derived bioactives as potential energy regulators in obesity and type 2 diabetes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 87:205-256. [PMID: 32089234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence that dietary intake of seaweeds is associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases. While seaweeds are of high nutritious value, due to their high content of fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals, they also contain an abundance of bioactive compounds. There is a growing body of scientific data that these bioactive moieties exert effects that could correct the metabolic dysregulation that is present in obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this review we describe how the molecular mechanisms, specific to different tissues, that underly obesity and T2D are influenced by both seaweed extracts and seaweed-derived bioactive molecules. In obesity, modulation of antioxidant capacity and reduction of intracellular ROS levels within tissues, and regulation of signaling pathways involved in enhancing browning of white adipose tissue, have been highlighted as key mechanism and identified as a potential target for optimal energy metabolism. In T2D, management of post-prandial blood glucose by modulating α-glucosidase or α-amylase activities, modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway, and similarly to obesity, reduction of ROS and NO production with subsequent increased expression of antioxidant enzymes have been shown to play a key role in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Future studies aimed at discovering new therapeutic drugs from marine natural products should, therefore, focus on bioactive compounds from seaweed that exert antioxidant activity and regulate the expression of key signaling pathways involved in glucose homeostasis, mechanisms that are common to both obesity and T2D management. In addition, more data is required to provide evidence of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Teodora Stoyanova
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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58
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García-Sánchez D, Fernández D, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Enhancing survival, engraftment, and osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:748-763. [PMID: 31692976 PMCID: PMC6828596 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for bone regeneration therapies due to their plasticity and easiness of sourcing. MSC-based treatments are generally considered a safe procedure, however, the long-term results obtained up to now are far from satisfactory. The main causes of these therapeutic limitations are inefficient homing, engraftment, and osteogenic differentiation. Many studies have proposed modifications to improve MSC engraftment and osteogenic differentiation of the transplanted cells. Several strategies are aimed to improve cell resistance to the hostile microenvironment found in the recipient tissue and increase cell survival after transplantation. These strategies could range from a simple modification of the culture conditions, known as cell-preconditioning, to the genetic modification of the cells to avoid cellular senescence. Many efforts have also been done in order to enhance the osteogenic potential of the transplanted cells and induce bone formation, mainly by the use of bioactive or biomimetic scaffolds, although alternative approaches will also be discussed. This review aims to summarize several of the most recent approaches, providing an up-to-date view of the main developments in MSC-based regenerative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain
| | - Darío Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes W3400, Argentina
| | - José C Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain.
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59
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Lacava G, Laus F, Amaroli A, Marchegiani A, Censi R, Di Martino P, Yanagawa T, Sabbieti MG, Agas D. P62 deficiency shifts mesenchymal/stromal stem cell commitment toward adipogenesis and disrupts bone marrow homeostasis in aged mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16338-16347. [PMID: 30740681 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With advancing age have been observed bone and bone marrow phenotypic alterations due to the impaired bone tissue homeostatic features, involving bone remodeling, and bone marrow niche ontogeny. The complex "inflamm-aging" pathological scenario that culminates with osteopenia and mesenchymal/stromal and hematopoietic stem cell commitment breakdown, is controlled by cellular and molecular intramural components comprising adapter proteins such as the sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). p62, a "multiway function" protein, has been reported as an effective anti-inflammatory, bone-building factor. In this view, we considered for the first time the involvement of p62 in aging bone and bone marrow of 1 year and 2 years p62-/- mice. Interestingly, p62 deficiency provoked accelerated osteopenia and impaired niche operational activities within the bone marrow. The above findings unearthed the importance of p62 in mesenchymal stem cell maintenance/differentiation schedule in old animals and provide, at least in part, a mechanistic scenario of p62 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lacava
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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60
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Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nyambuya TM, Mxinwa V, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Louw J, Nkambule BB. The beneficial effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against obesity associated complications: A systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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61
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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62
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Akiyama Y, Shinose M, Watanabe H, Yamada S, Kanda Y. Cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of mammalian cells by superflash freezing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7738-7743. [PMID: 30936320 PMCID: PMC6475437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808645116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is widely used to maintain backups of cells as it enables the semipermanent storage of cells. During the freezing process, ice crystals that are generated inside and outside the cells can lethally damage the cells. All conventional cryopreservation methods use at least one cryoprotective agent (CPA) to render water inside and outside the cells vitreous or nanocrystallized (near-vitrification) without forming damaging ice crystals. However, CPAs should ideally be avoided due to their cytotoxicity and potential side effects on the cellular state. Herein, we demonstrate the CPA-free cryopreservation of mammalian cells by ultrarapid cooling using inkjet cell printing, which we named superflash freezing (SFF). The SFF cooling rate, which was estimated by a heat-transfer stimulation, is sufficient to nearly vitrify the cells. The experimental results of Raman spectroscopy measurements, and observations with an ultrahigh-speed video camera support the near-vitrification of the droplets under these conditions. Initially, the practical utility of SFF was demonstrated on mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells, and the results were comparable to conventional CPA-assisted methods. Then, the general viability of this method was confirmed on mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and rat primary mesenchymal stem cells. In their entirety, the thus-obtained results unequivocally demonstrate that CPA-free cell cryopreservation is possible by SFF. Such a CPA-free cryopreservation method should be ideally suited for most cells and circumvent the problems typically associated with the addition of CPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Akiyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Masato Shinose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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63
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Crippa S, Rossella V, Aprile A, Silvestri L, Rivis S, Scaramuzza S, Pirroni S, Avanzini MA, Basso-Ricci L, Hernandez RJ, Zecca M, Marktel S, Ciceri F, Aiuti A, Ferrari G, Bernardo ME. Bone marrow stromal cells from β-thalassemia patients have impaired hematopoietic supportive capacity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1566-1580. [PMID: 30830876 PMCID: PMC6436882 DOI: 10.1172/jci123191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The human bone marrow (BM) niche contains a population of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that provide physical support and regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. β-Thalassemia (BT) is a hereditary disorder characterized by altered hemoglobin beta-chain synthesis amenable to allogeneic HSC transplantation and HSC gene therapy. Iron overload (IO) is a common complication in BT patients affecting several organs. However, data on the BM stromal compartment are scarce. METHODS. MSCs were isolated and characterized from BM aspirates of healthy donors (HDs) and BT patients. The state of IO was assessed and correlated with the presence of primitive MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Hematopoietic supportive capacity of MSCs was evaluated by transwell migration assay and 2D coculture of MSCs with human CD34+ HSCs. In vivo, the ability of MSCs to facilitate HSC engraftment was tested in a xenogenic transplant model, whereas the capacity to sustain human hematopoiesis was evaluated in humanized ossicle models. RESULTS. We report that, despite iron chelation, BT BM contains high levels of iron and ferritin, indicative of iron accumulation in the BM niche. We found a pauperization of the most primitive MSC pool caused by increased ROS production in vitro which impaired MSC stemness properties. We confirmed a reduced frequency of primitive MSCs in vivo in BT patients. We also discovered a weakened antioxidative response and diminished expression of BM niche–associated genes in BT-MSCs. This caused a functional impairment in MSC hematopoietic supportive capacity in vitro and in cotransplantation models. In addition, BT-MSCs failed to form a proper BM niche in humanized ossicle models. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest an impairment in the mesenchymal compartment of BT BM niche and highlight the need for novel strategies to target the niche to reduce IO and oxidative stress before transplantation. FUNDING. This work was supported by the SR-TIGET Core grant from Fondazione Telethon and by Ricerca Corrente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Valeria Rossella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Annamaria Aprile
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivis
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Stefania Pirroni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Marco Zecca
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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64
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John CM, Arockiasamy S. Syringic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3432-3436. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1573820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Mano John
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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65
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Alcalá M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Viana M. Mechanisms of Impaired Brown Adipose Tissue Recruitment in Obesity. Front Physiol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30814954 PMCID: PMC6381290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy to produce heat. Thus, it has the potential to regulate body temperature by thermogenesis. For the last decade, BAT has been in the spotlight due to its rediscovery in adult humans. This is evidenced by over a hundred clinical trials that are currently registered to target BAT as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. The goal of most of these trials is to activate the BAT thermogenic program via several approaches such as adrenergic stimulation, natriuretic peptides, retinoids, capsinoids, thyroid hormones, or glucocorticoids. However, the impact of BAT activation on total body energy consumption and the potential effect on weight loss is still limited. Other studies have focused on increasing the mass of thermogenic BAT. This can be relevant in obesity, where the activity and abundance of BAT have been shown to be drastically reduced. The aim of this review is to describe pathological processes associated with obesity that may influence the correct differentiation of BAT, such as catecholamine resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This will shed light on the thermogenic potential of BAT as a therapeutic approach to target obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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66
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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67
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Yuan Y, Xu F, Cao Y, Xu L, Yu C, Yang F, Zhang P, Wang L, Shen G, Wang J, Xu Y. Iron Accumulation Leads to Bone Loss by Inducing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Apoptosis Through the Activation of Caspase3. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:434-441. [PMID: 29948914 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease associated with bone loss and microstructure degradation. Recent studies have shown that iron accumulation may be a risk factor for OP. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and precursors to osteoblasts. MSCs play an important role in OP. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between MSCs and OP in an environment of iron accumulation. Serum P1NP was decreased in iron accumulation mice. Micro-CT revealed that iron accumulation decreased bone mineral density and spatial structural parameters. Iron accumulation inhibited MSC quantity in bone marrow. However, the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) rescued the suppression. Iron accumulation also changed the MSC cell cycle. Iron elevated MSC cell ROS level and NOX4 protein expression. MSC apoptosis was increased, and more caspase3 was cleaved after iron intervention. Our data suggests that iron accumulation inhibits MSC quantity and induces MSC apoptosis. Bone loss from iron accumulation may correlate with the inhibition of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Guangsi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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68
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Yamada S, Yamazaki D, Kanda Y. 5-Fluorouracil inhibits neural differentiation via Mfn1/2 reduction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 43:727-734. [PMID: 30518710 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been widely used for the treatment of tumors. Regardless of its widespread use as an anti-cancer drug, 5-FU therapy can cause several side effects, including developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity. However, the potential action of 5-FU at the early fetal stage has not yet been completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 5-FU exposure on neural induction, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a model of human fetal stage. 5-FU exposure reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes, such as OTX2, in iPSCs. Since the neural differentiation process requires ATP as a source of energy, we next examined intracellular ATP content using iPSCs. We found that 5-FU decreased intracellular ATP levels in iPSCs. We further focused on the effects of 5-FU on mitochondrial dynamics, which plays a role of ATP production. We found that 5-FU induced mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced the level of mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2). Double knockdown of Mfn1/2 genes in iPSCs downregulated the gene expression of OTX2, suggesting that Mfn mediates neural differentiation in iPSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that 5-FU has a neurotoxicity via Mfn-mediated mitochondria dynamics in iPSCs. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs could be used as a possible marker for cytotoxic effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan.,Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Japan
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
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69
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Rharass T, Lucas S. High Glucose Level Impairs Human Mature Bone Marrow Adipocyte Function Through Increased ROS Production. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 31551934 PMCID: PMC6746912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate in aging, menopause, and metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. These osteoporotic conditions are associated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia which are both considered as critical factors underlying bone fragility. Glucose excess and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to favor adipogenesis over osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether high glucose exposure could determine dysfunction of mature BMAds, specifically through ROS production. The effects of low (LG, 5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) concentrations were examined using human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the time course of differentiation, and, up to 21 days once adipocytes were mature. HG did not alter the adipocyte differentiation process of hBMSCs. Yet, after 21 days under HG exposure, PPARG, CEBPA, and adiponectin mRNA expressions were decreased. These alterations were also observed following adipogenic inducer withdrawal as well as in adipocytes fully differentiated in LG then cultured in HG for the last 11 days. Without inducers, HG condition also led to decreased leptin mRNA level. Importantly, intracellular and extracellular ROS concentrations measured using Amplex Red were significantly raised by 50% under HG exposure. This rise was observed once adipocytes ended differentiation and was reproduced within the different cell culture settings without any cytotoxicity. Among genes involved in ROS metabolism, the mRNA level of the H2O2 generating enzyme NOX4 was found upregulated in the presence of HG. Following cell separation, mature BMAds were shown to overproduce ROS and to display the gene alterations in contrast to non-lipid-laden cells. Finally, a non-lethal treatment with a pro-oxidant agent under LG condition reduces the mRNA levels of PPARG, adiponectin, and leptin as the HG condition does in the absence of inducers, and amplifies the effect of glucose excess on gene expression. HG concentration drives mature BMAds toward altered expression of the main adipokines and transcriptional factors. These perturbations are associated with a rise in ROS generation likely mediated through enhanced expression of NOX4. Mature BMAds are thus responsive to changes in glucose and ROS concentrations, which is relevant regarding with their phenotype and function in age- or metabolic disease-related osteoporosis.
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70
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Nugud A, Sandeep D, El-Serafi AT. Two faces of the coin: Minireview for dissecting the role of reactive oxygen species in stem cell potency and lineage commitment. J Adv Res 2018; 14:73-79. [PMID: 30023134 PMCID: PMC6047483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as by-products of several intracellular metabolic pathways and are reduced to more stable molecules by several protective pathways. The presence of high levels of ROS can be associated with disturbance of cell function and could lead to apoptosis. The presence of ROS within the physiological range has many effects on several signalling pathways. In stem cells, this role can range between keeping the potency of the naive stem cells to differentiation towards a certain lineage. In addition, the level of certain ROS would change according to the differentiation stage. For example, the presence of ROS can be associated with increasing the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, decreasing the potency of embryonic stem cells and adding to the genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells. ROS can enhance the differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and neurons. In the meantime, ROS inhibits osteogenesis and enhances the differentiation of cartilage to the hypertrophic stage, which is associated with chondrocyte death. Thus, ROS may form a link between naïve stem cells in the body and the environment. In addition, monitoring of ROS levels in vitro may help in tissue regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nugud
- Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divyasree Sandeep
- Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed T. El-Serafi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
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71
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Bayliak MM, Abrat OB, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Interplay between diet-induced obesity and oxidative stress: Comparison between Drosophila and mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 228:18-28. [PMID: 30385171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity caused by excessive fat accumulation in adipocytes is a growing global problem and is a major contributing risk factor for many chronic metabolic diseases. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in both obesity progression and obesity-related complications. In recent years, Drosophila models of diet-induced obesity and associated pathologies have been successfully developed through manipulation of carbohydrate or fat concentrations in the food. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ homologous to mammalian adipose tissue and exhibit metabolic and physiological complications including hyperglycemia, redox imbalance and shortened longevity; these are all similar to those observed in obese humans. In this review, we summarize current data on the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction in obesity, with emphasis on metabolic switches and the involvement of redox-responsive signaling pathways such as NF-κB and Nfr2. The recent achievements with D. melanogaster model suggest a complicated relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, and longevity but the Drosophila model offers probably the best opportunities to delve further into unraveling these interactions, particularly the roles of antioxidants and of Nrf2-regulated responses, in order to increase our understanding of the obese metabolic phenotype and test and develop anti-obesity pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olexandra B Abrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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72
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Hu C, Zhao L, Peng C, Li L. Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5196-5207. [PMID: 30160351 PMCID: PMC6201215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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73
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Novel Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Analogue Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through the Nrf2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082215. [PMID: 30060630 PMCID: PMC6121477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excess lipid accumulation, has emerged as a leading public health problem. Excessive, adipocyte-induced lipid accumulation raises the risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue. High fat mass could be caused by an increase in the size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia) of adipocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Lowering the level of ROS is important to blocking or retarding the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mediates various antioxidant enzymes and regulates cellular ROS levels. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), widely used as artificial sweetener, has been shown to have significant free radical scavenging activity. In the present study, (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (CTP), a novel NHDC analogue, was synthesized and examined to determine whether it could inhibit adipogenic differentiation. The inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in hASCs was tested using NHDC and CTP. In the CTP group, reduced Oil Red O staining was observed compared with the differentiation group. CTP treatment also downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, adipogenic differentiation markers in hASCs, compared to the adipogenic differentiation group. The expression of FAS and SREBP-1 decreased in the CTP group, along with the fluorescent intensity (amount) of ROS. Expression of the Nrf2 protein was slightly decreased in the differentiation group. Meanwhile, in both the NHDC and CTP groups, Nrf2 expression was restored to the level of the control group. Moreover, the expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 increased significantly in the CTP group. Taken together, these results suggest that CTP treatment suppresses the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs by decreasing intracellular ROS, possibly through activation of the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway. Thus, the use of bioactive substances such as CTP, which activates Nrf2 to reduce the cellular level of ROS and inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs, could be a new strategy for overcoming obesity.
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74
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Huang W, Li K, Liu A, Yang Z, Hu C, Chen D, Wang H. miR‑330‑5p inhibits H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating RXRγ. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2042-2052. [PMID: 30015907 PMCID: PMC6108853 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism of H2O2‑induced adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is important for the development of treatments for metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify microRNA (miR)‑330‑5p, which targets retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) and to determine the function of H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. During differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes induced by H2O2, miR‑330‑5p expression was decreased with a concomitant increase in RXRγ expression. A luciferase assay with RXRγ 3'‑untranslated region (UTR) reporter plasmid, including the miR‑330‑5p‑binding sequences, identified that the introduction of miR‑330‑5p decreases luciferase activity. However, it did not affect the activity of mutated RXRγ 3'‑UTR reporter. Enforced expression of miR‑330‑5p significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation by decreasing RXRγ mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR‑330‑5p promoted the formation of lipid droplets by rescuing RXRγ expression. Furthermore, the effects of inhibition of RXRγ were similar to those of overexpression of miR‑330‑5p on H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation from MSCs. miR‑330‑5p inhibits H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and this is dependent on RXRγ. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that miR‑330‑5p acts as a critical regulator of RXRγ, and is able to determinate the fate of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes. This suggests that miR‑330‑5p and RXRγ may be target molecules for controlling metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Huang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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75
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Rhee YH, Moon JH, Mo JH, Pham T, Chung PS. mTOR and ROS regulation by anethole on adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 29980168 PMCID: PMC6035441 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is dependent on mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate adipocyte differentiation. Although anethole has been known as an anti-oxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, there is little investigated about its role in adipogenic differentiation. Methods The effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation of anethole in hMSCs were measured by the MTT assay. The anti-adipogenic effect of anethole on hMSCs was analyzed by Oil Red O staining and western blot analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of anethole on hMSC was assessed by flowcytometry and fluorescence staining using 2',7' –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The western blotting was used to detect of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, PPARγ, and phsopho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Results Anethole suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through down-regulation of Akt-mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ and up-regulation of AMPK. Anethole affected oxidative conditions through ROS generation. Anethole also rescued AMPK activity and reduced activation of mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ under oxidative conditions in presence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion ROS and mTOR regulation is a crucial factor in adipogenic differentiation, anethole has an important role in regulating activities of mTOR/PPARγ and ROS control in adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Moon
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Foyer CH, Wilson MH, Wright MH. Redox regulation of cell proliferation: Bioinformatics and redox proteomics approaches to identify redox-sensitive cell cycle regulators. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:137-149. [PMID: 29605447 PMCID: PMC6146653 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant stem cells are the foundation of plant growth and development. The balance of quiescence and division is highly regulated, while ensuring that proliferating cells are protected from the adverse effects of environment fluctuations that may damage the genome. Redox regulation is important in both the activation of proliferation and arrest of the cell cycle upon perception of environmental stress. Within this context, reactive oxygen species serve as 'pro-life' signals with positive roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and survival. However, very little is known about the metabolic mechanisms and redox-sensitive proteins that influence cell cycle progression. We have identified cysteine residues on known cell cycle regulators in Arabidopsis that are potentially accessible, and could play a role in redox regulation, based on secondary structure and solvent accessibility likelihoods for each protein. We propose that redox regulation may function alongside other known posttranslational modifications to control the functions of core cell cycle regulators such as the retinoblastoma protein. Since our current understanding of how redox regulation is involved in cell cycle control is hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding both which residues are important and how modification of those residues alters protein function, we discuss how critical redox modifications can be mapped at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Michael H Wilson
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Megan H Wright
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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77
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Ganguly P, El-Jawhari JJ, Giannoudis PV, Burska AN, Ponchel F, Jones EA. Age-related Changes in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Potential Impact on Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Development. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1520-1529. [PMID: 29113463 PMCID: PMC5680949 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717721201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging at the cellular level is a complex process resulting from accumulation of various damages leading to functional impairment and a reduced quality of life at the level of the organism. With a rise in the elderly population, the worldwide incidence of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) has increased in the past few decades. A decline in the number and "fitness" of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) niche has been suggested as one of the factors contributing to bone abnormalities in OP and OA. It is well recognized that MSCs in vitro acquire culture-induced aging features such as gradual telomere shortening, increased numbers of senescent cells, and reduced resistance to oxidative stress as a result of serial population doublings. In contrast, there is only limited evidence that human BM-MSCs "age" similarly in vivo. This review compares the various aspects of in vitro and in vivo MSC aging and suggests how our current knowledge on rejuvenating cultured MSCs could be applied to develop future strategies to target altered bone formation processes in OP and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N Burska
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena A Jones
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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78
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Yamada S, Yamazaki D, Kanda Y. Silver nanoparticles inhibit neural induction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:836-846. [PMID: 29902946 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1481238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used as consumer products due to their antibacterial activities. Despite their extensive use, AgNPs have been reported to cause various types of cytotoxicity, including neurotoxicity. However, the potential action of AgNPs on early fetal development has not been elucidated. This study determined the effects of AgNPs on neural induction in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), used as a model for human fetal stage development. It was observed that exposure to AgNPs reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes, including OTX2, an early biomarker for neurogenesis in iPSCs. Since neural differentiation requires ATP as a source of energy, the intracellular ATP content was also measured. It was observed that AgNPs decreased intracellular ATP levels in iPSCs. Since AgNPs suppressed energy production, a critical mitochondrial function, the effects of AgNPs on mitochondrial dynamics were further studied. The results revealed that AgNPs induced mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced the level of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 (Mfn1). Previously, we reported that knockdown of Mfn1 in iPSCs inhibited neural induction via OTX2 downregulation. This suggested that AgNPs could induce cytotoxicity, including neurodevelopmental toxicity, via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs. Thus, mitochondrial function in iPSCs can be used for assessing the cytotoxic effects associated with nanomaterials, including AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- a Division of Pharmacology , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ) , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- a Division of Pharmacology , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- a Division of Pharmacology , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
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79
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Nox, Reactive Oxygen Species and Regulation of Vascular Cell Fate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040090. [PMID: 29135921 PMCID: PMC5745500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance of antioxidant defence mechanisms can result in oxidative stress. Several pro-atherogenic stimuli that promote intimal-medial thickening (IMT) and early arteriosclerotic disease progression share oxidative stress as a common regulatory pathway dictating vascular cell fate. The major source of ROS generated within the vascular system is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (Nox), of which seven members have been characterized. The Nox family are critical determinants of the redox state within the vessel wall that dictate, in part the pathophysiology of several vascular phenotypes. This review highlights the putative role of ROS in controlling vascular fate by promoting endothelial dysfunction, altering vascular smooth muscle phenotype and dictating resident vascular stem cell fate, all of which contribute to intimal medial thickening and vascular disease progression.
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80
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Melatonin promotes triacylglycerol accumulation via MT2 receptor during differentiation in bovine intramuscular preadipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15080. [PMID: 29118419 PMCID: PMC5678110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a derivative of tryptophan which is produced and secreted mainly by the pineal gland and regulates a variety of important central and peripheral actions. To examine the potential effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes (BIPs), BIPs were incubated with different concentrations of melatonin. Melatonin supplementation at 1 mM significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β, and C/EBPα expression and promoted the differentiation of BIPs into adipocytes with large lipid droplets and high cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Melatonin also significantly enhanced lipolysis and up-regulated the expression of lipolytic genes and proteins, including hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Moreover, melatonin reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by increasing the expression levels and activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Finally, the positive effects of melatonin on adipogenesis, lipolysis, and redox status were reversed by treatment with luzindole, anantagonist of nonspecific melatonin receptors 1 (MT1) and 2 (MT2), and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline (4P-PDOT), a selective MT2 antagonist. These results reveal that melatonin promotes TAG accumulation via MT2 receptor during differentiation in BIPs.
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81
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Alcala M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Ramos MP, Viana M. Short-term vitamin E treatment impairs reactive oxygen species signaling required for adipose tissue expansion, resulting in fatty liver and insulin resistance in obese mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186579. [PMID: 29028831 PMCID: PMC5640231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity remains controversial. Our aim is to demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation may promote negative effects if used before the establishment of oxidative stress due to a reduced ROS generation under physiological levels, in a mice model of obesity. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, with (OE group) or without (O group) vitamin E supplementation. Results O mice developed a mild degree of obesity, which was not enough to induce metabolic alterations or oxidative stress. These animals exhibited a healthy expansion of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rpWAT) and the liver showed no signs of lipotoxicity. Interestingly, despite achieving a similar body weight, OE mice were insulin resistant. In the rpWAT they presented a reduced generation of ROS, even below physiological levels (C: 1651.0 ± 212.0; O: 3113 ± 284.7; OE: 917.6 ±104.4 RFU/mg protein. C vs OE p< 0.01). ROS decay may impair their action as second messengers, which could account for the reduced adipocyte differentiation, lipid transport and adipogenesis compared to the O group. Together, these processes limited the expansion of this fat pad and as a consequence, lipid flux shifted towards the liver, causing steatosis and hepatomegaly, which may contribute to the marked insulin resistance. Conclusions This study provides in vivo evidence for the role of ROS as second messengers in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin signaling. Reducing ROS generation below physiological levels when the oxidative process has not yet been established may be the cause of the controversial results obtained by antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alcala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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82
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Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Kubaichuk K, Knaus UG, Lopez MG, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Petry A, Schulz R, Vina J, Winyard P, Abbas K, Ademowo OS, Afonso CB, Andreadou I, Antelmann H, Antunes F, Aslan M, Bachschmid MM, Barbosa RM, Belousov V, Berndt C, Bernlohr D, Bertrán E, Bindoli A, Bottari SP, Brito PM, Carrara G, Casas AI, Chatzi A, Chondrogianni N, Conrad M, Cooke MS, Costa JG, Cuadrado A, My-Chan Dang P, De Smet B, Debelec-Butuner B, Dias IHK, Dunn JD, Edson AJ, El Assar M, El-Benna J, Ferdinandy P, Fernandes AS, Fladmark KE, Förstermann U, Giniatullin R, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Griffiths H, Hampl V, Hanf A, Herget J, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Hillion M, Huang J, Ilikay S, Jansen-Dürr P, Jaquet V, Joles JA, Kalyanaraman B, Kaminskyy D, Karbaschi M, Kleanthous M, Klotz LO, Korac B, Korkmaz KS, Koziel R, Kračun D, Krause KH, Křen V, Krieg T, Laranjinha J, Lazou A, Li H, Martínez-Ruiz A, Matsui R, McBean GJ, Meredith SP, Messens J, Miguel V, Mikhed Y, Milisav I, Milković L, Miranda-Vizuete A, Mojović M, Monsalve M, Mouthuy PA, Mulvey J, Münzel T, Muzykantov V, Nguyen ITN, Oelze M, Oliveira NG, Palmeira CM, Papaevgeniou N, Pavićević A, Pedre B, Peyrot F, Phylactides M, Pircalabioru GG, Pitt AR, Poulsen HE, Prieto I, Rigobello MP, Robledinos-Antón N, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Rolo AP, Rousset F, Ruskovska T, Saraiva N, Sasson S, Schröder K, Semen K, Seredenina T, Shakirzyanova A, Smith GL, Soldati T, Sousa BC, Spickett CM, Stancic A, Stasia MJ, Steinbrenner H, Stepanić V, Steven S, Tokatlidis K, Tuncay E, Turan B, Ursini F, Vacek J, Vajnerova O, Valentová K, Van Breusegem F, Varisli L, Veal EA, Yalçın AS, Yelisyeyeva O, Žarković N, Zatloukalová M, Zielonka J, Touyz RM, Papapetropoulos A, Grune T, Lamas S, Schmidt HHHW, Di Lisa F, Daiber A. European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS). Redox Biol 2017; 13:94-162. [PMID: 28577489 PMCID: PMC5458069 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Egea
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine. Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yves M Frapart
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine. Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, JLU Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jose Vina
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Kahina Abbas
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Catarina B Afonso
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica and Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Molecular technologies laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA
| | - Esther Bertrán
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Serge P Bottari
- GETI, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1029, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alpes University and Radio-analysis Laboratory, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Paula M Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana I Casas
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Afroditi Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - João G Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Barbara De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bilge Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Amanda J Edson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana S Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kari E Fladmark
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helen Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Vaclav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Hanf
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Herget
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melanie Hillion
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serap Ilikay
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bato Korac
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Damir Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gethin J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stuart P Meredith
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Milković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miloš Mojović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics & Translational Nanomedicine, ITMAT/CTSA Translational Research Center University of Pennsylvania The Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel T N Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brandán Pedre
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marios Phylactides
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Natalia Robledinos-Antón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francis Rousset
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khrystyna Semen
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Bebiana C Sousa
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ana Stancic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marie José Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F38000 Grenoble, France; CDiReC, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, F-38043, France
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Suha Yalçın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratoty of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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BMP-2 and icariin synergistically promote p38MAPK-mediated cardiomyocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via enhanced NOX4-driven ROS generation. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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84
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Zeng J, Dong Z, Wu H, Tian Z, Zhao Z. Redox regulation of plant stem cell fate. EMBO J 2017; 36:2844-2855. [PMID: 28838936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of stem cells in plant and animal development, the common mechanisms of stem cell maintenance in both systems have remained elusive. Recently, the importance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in priming stem cell differentiation has been extensively studied in animals. Here, we show that different forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have antagonistic roles in plant stem cell regulation, which were established by distinct spatiotemporal patterns of ROS-metabolizing enzymes. The superoxide anion (O2·-) is markedly enriched in stem cells to activate WUSCHEL and maintain stemness, whereas H2O2 is more abundant in the differentiating peripheral zone to promote stem cell differentiation. Moreover, H2O2 negatively regulates O2·- biosynthesis in stem cells, and increasing H2O2 levels or scavenging O2·- leads to the termination of stem cells. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for ROS-mediated control of plant stem cell fate and demonstrate that the balance between O2·- and H2O2 is key to stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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85
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Foxc2 coordinates inflammation and browning of white adipose by leptin-STAT3-PRDM16 signal in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:252-259. [PMID: 28925407 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between forkhead box C2 protein (Foxc2) and leptin under adipose inflammatory response. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model was conducted. Data from wild-type and ob/ob mice were used to compare the alternative role of leptin on Foxc2-mediated inflammation and browning. Transcriptional regulation and protein-protein interaction were analyzed by bioinformatics and proved by chromatin immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation experiment. RESULTS Foxc2 and leptin correlated with inflammation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in LPS-treated mice. Moreover, Foxc2-mediated inhibition of inflammation involved downstream activation of leptin signal and promoted WAT browning. We then determined CREB, the potential transcriptional factor of leptin, was required for Foxc2-mediated inflammation in the regulation of WAT browning. Foxc2 alleviated adipocyte inflammation by reducing leptin-mediated Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Importantly, STAT3 physically interacted with PRDM16 and formed a complex to promote WAT browning. Exogenous Foxc2 overexpression also ameliorated inflammation and promoted adipose browning in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that Foxc2 inhibited inflammation and promoted browning of WAT through positive regulation of leptin signal and the STAT3-PRDM16 complex. These findings identify a new potential means to prevent and treat obese caused metabolic syndrome of mammals.
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86
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van de Vyver M. Intrinsic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Autologous Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1042-1053. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mari van de Vyver
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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87
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Hypoxia in Obesity and Diabetes: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hyperoxia and Nitrate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5350267. [PMID: 28607631 PMCID: PMC5457776 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5350267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO-dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity-related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic-related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficial effects of nitrate therapy in obesity and diabetes. Although it seems reasonable to combine hyperoxia and nitrate treatments for managing obesity/diabetes, the combined effects have not been investigated yet. This review discusses some aspects of tissue oxygenation and the potential effects of hyperoxia and nitrate interventions on obesity/diabetes management. It can be proposed that concomitant use of hyperoxia and nitrate is justified for managing obesity and diabetes.
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88
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Zhou Y, He Y, Xing W, Zhang P, Shi H, Chen S, Shi J, Bai J, Rhodes SD, Zhang F, Yuan J, Yang X, Zhu X, Li Y, Hanenberg H, Xu M, Robertson KA, Yuan W, Nalepa G, Cheng T, Clapp DW, Yang FC. An abnormal bone marrow microenvironment contributes to hematopoietic dysfunction in Fanconi anemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1017-1027. [PMID: 28341737 PMCID: PMC5451333 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.158717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a complex heterogeneous genetic disorder with a high incidence of bone marrow failure, clonal evolution to acute myeloid leukemia and mesenchymal-derived congenital anomalies. Increasing evidence in Fanconi anemia and other genetic disorders points towards an interdependence of skeletal and hematopoietic development, yet the impact of the marrow microenvironment in the pathogenesis of the bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that mice with double knockout of both Fancc and Fancg genes had decreased bone formation at least partially due to impaired osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells from the double knockout mice showed impaired hematopoietic supportive activity. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells of patients with Fanconi anemia exhibited similar cellular deficits, including increased senescence, reduced proliferation, impaired osteoblast differentiation and defective hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell supportive activity. Collectively, these studies provide unique insights into the physiological significance of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in supporting the marrow microenvironment, which is potentially of broad relevance in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yongzheng He
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fengqui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xianlin Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kent A Robertson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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89
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Li Q, Gao Z, Chen Y, Guan MX. The role of mitochondria in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Protein Cell 2017; 8:439-445. [PMID: 28271444 PMCID: PMC5445026 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors of connective tissues, which have emerged as important tools for tissue engineering due to their differentiation potential along various cell types. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the regulation of mitochondria dynamics and function is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. In this paper, we review and provide an integrated view on the role of mitochondria in MSC differentiation. The mitochondria are maintained at a relatively low activity level in MSCs, and upon induction, mtDNA copy number, protein levels of respiratory enzymes, the oxygen consumption rate, mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes, and intracellular ATP content are increased. The regulated level of mitochondrial ROS is found not only to influence differentiation but also to contribute to the direction determination of differentiation. Understanding the roles of mitochondrial dynamics during MSC differentiation will facilitate the optimization of differentiation protocols by adjusting biochemical properties, such as energy production or the redox status of stem cells, and ultimately, benefit the development of new pharmacologic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zewen Gao
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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90
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Yamada S, Kubo Y, Yamazaki D, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Chlorpyrifos inhibits neural induction via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40925. [PMID: 28112198 PMCID: PMC5256306 DOI: 10.1038/srep40925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), are widely used as insecticides in agriculture. CPF is known to induce cytotoxicity, including neurodevelopmental toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of CPF toxicity at early fetal stage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of CPF-induced cytotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that exposure to CPF at micromolar levels decreased intracellular ATP levels. As CPF suppressed energy production that is a critical function of the mitochondria, we focused on the effects of CPF on mitochondrial dynamics. CPF induced mitochondrial fragmentation via reduction of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) in iPSCs. In addition, CPF reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes in iPSCs. Moreover, knockdown of Mfn1 gene in iPSCs downregulated the expression of PAX6, a key transcription factor that regulates neurogenesis, suggesting that Mfn1 mediates neural induction in iPSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that CPF induces neurotoxicity via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation in iPSCs. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs could be used as a possible marker for cytotoxic effects by chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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91
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HO-1 inhibits preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation at the onset of obesity via ROS dependent activation of Akt2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40881. [PMID: 28102348 PMCID: PMC5244367 DOI: 10.1038/srep40881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a hallmark of obesity. The expansion of WAT in obesity involves proliferation and differentiation of adipose precursors, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used an unbiased transcriptomics approach to identify the earliest molecular underpinnings occuring in adipose precursors following a brief HFD in mice. Our analysis identifies Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as strongly and selectively being upregulated in the adipose precursor fraction of WAT, upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Specific deletion of HO-1 in adipose precursors of Hmox1fl/flPdgfraCre mice enhanced HFD-dependent visceral adipose precursor proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, HO-1 reduces HFD-induced AKT2 phosphorylation via ROS thresholding in mitochondria to reduce visceral adipose precursor proliferation. HO-1 influences adipogenesis in a cell-autonomous way by regulating
events early in adipogenesis, during the process of mitotic clonal expansion, upstream of Cebpα and PPARγ. Similar effects on human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro were observed upon modulation of HO-1 expression. This collectively renders HO-1 as an essential factor linking extrinsic factors (HFD) with inhibition of specific downstream molecular mediators (ROS & AKT2), resulting in diminished adipogenesis that may contribute to hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion.
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92
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Tobacco nitrosamine NNK increases ALDH-positive cells via ROS-Wnt signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:193-204. [PMID: 28321046 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that lung cancer, which is a major cause of cancer death, has a critical association with cigarette smoking. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which NNK promotes cancer development have not been fully elucidated. Growing evidence suggests that lung cancer originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a minor population of lung cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NNK on the CSCs in A549 human lung cancer cells using flow cytometry with aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a functional marker of CSCs. We found that NNK increased the proportion of ALDH-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. A Wnt inhibitor PNU74654 reduced NNK-induced expression levels of Wnt target gene Dkk1 and increase in ALDH-positive cells. We next examined the signaling pathway that mediates the NNK-induced increase in ALDH-positive cells via Wnt signaling. DCF assay revealed that NNK induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the NNK-induced Wnt activation and increase in ALDH-positive cells. These data suggest that NNK-induced ROS activate the Wnt signaling pathway in A549 cells. These findings would provide new insights into the role of NNK in the lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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93
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de Villiers D, Potgieter M, Ambele MA, Adam L, Durandt C, Pepper MS. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Adipogenic Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1083:125-144. [PMID: 29139087 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in reactive oxygen species and adipocyte differentiation/adipose tissue function is steadily increasing. This is due in part to a search for alternative avenues for combating obesity, which results from the excess accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity is a major risk factor for complex disorders such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is often used as a model for studying adipogenesis in vitro. A key focus is the effect of both intra- and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on adipogenesis. The consensus from the majority of studies is that ROS, irrespective of the source, promote adipogenesis.The effect of ROS on adipogenesis is suppressed by antioxidants or ROS scavengers. Reactive oxygen species are generated during the process of adipocyte differentiation as well as by other cell metabolic processes. Despite many studies in this field, it is still not possible to state with certainty whether ROS measured during adipocyte differentiation are a cause or consequence of this process. In addition, it is still unclear what the exact sources are of the ROS that initiate and/or drive adipogenic differentiation in MSCs in vivo. This review provides an overview of our understanding of the role of ROS in adipocyte differentiation as well as how certain ROS scavengers and antioxidants might affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Villiers
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ladislaus Adam
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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94
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SNEV hPrp19/hPso4 Regulates Adipogenesis of Human Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 8:21-29. [PMID: 28041875 PMCID: PMC5233435 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This may be due to reduced differentiation capacity or deficiency in DNA damage repair (DDR) factors. Here we investigated the role of SNEVhPrp19/hPso4, which was implicated in DDR and senescence evasion, in adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells (hASCs). We showed that SNEV is induced during adipogenesis and localized both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of SNEV perturbed adipogenic differentiation and led to accumulation of DNA damage in hASCs upon oxidative stress. In addition, we demonstrated that SNEV is required for fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Consequently, we tested other DDR factors and found that WRN is also required for adipogenesis in both models. These results demonstrate that SNEV regulates adipogenesis in hASCs and indicate that DDR capacity in general might be a pre-requisite for this process. SNEV is required for adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells SNEV modulates pro- and anti-adipogenic signaling pathways SNEV regulates DNA repair capacity of human adipose stromal cells SNEV modulates organismal fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans
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95
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Asanagi M, Yamada S, Hirata N, Itagaki H, Kotake Y, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Tributyltin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest via NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in human embryonic carcinoma cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:207-15. [PMID: 26961604 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are well-known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We have recently reported that TBT induces growth arrest in the human embryonic carcinoma cell line NT2/D1 at nanomolar levels by inhibiting NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH), which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NAD-IDH mediates TBT toxicity remain unclear. In the present study, we examined whether TBT at nanomolar levels affects cell cycle progression in NT2/D1 cells. Propidium iodide staining revealed that TBT reduced the ratio of cells in the G1 phase and increased the ratio of cells in the G2/M phase. TBT also reduced cell division cycle 25C (cdc25C) and cyclin B1, which are key regulators of G2/M progression. Furthermore, apigenin, an inhibitor of NAD-IDH, mimicked the effects of TBT. The G2/M arrest induced by TBT was abolished by NAD-IDHα knockdown. Treatment with a cell-permeable α-ketoglutarate analogue recovered the effect of TBT, suggesting the involvement of NAD-IDH. Taken together, our data suggest that TBT at nanomolar levels induced G2/M cell cycle arrest via NAD-IDH in NT2/D1 cells. Thus, cell cycle analysis in embryonic cells could be used to assess cytotoxicity associated with nanomolar level exposure of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Asanagi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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96
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Román F, Urra C, Porras O, Pino AM, Rosen CJ, Rodríguez JP. Real-Time H 2 O 2 Measurements in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Show Increased Antioxidant Capacity in Cells From Osteoporotic Women. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:585-593. [PMID: 27632788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) derived from an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major determinant of aging and lifespan. It has also been associated with several age-related disorders, like postmenopausal osteoporosis of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are the common precursors for osteoblasts and adipocytes; appropriate commitment and differentiation of MSCs into a specific phenotype is modulated, among other factors, by ROS balance. MSCs have shown more resistance to ROS than differentiated cells, and their redox status depends on complex and abundant anti-oxidant mechanisms. The purpose of this work was to analyze in real time, H2 O2 signaling in individual h-MSCs, and to compare the kinetic parameters of H2 O2 management by cells derived from both control (c-) and osteoporotic (o-) women. For these purposes, cells were infected with a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor named HyPer, which is specific for detecting H2 O2 inside living cells. Subsequently, cells were sequentially challenged with 50 and 500 μM H2 O2 pulses, and the cellular response was recorded in real time. The results demonstrated adequate expression of the biosensor allowing registering fluorescence from HyPer at a single cell level. Comparison of the response of c- and o-MSCs to the oxidant challenges demonstrated improved antioxidant activity in o-MSCs. This was further corroborated by measuring the relative expression of mRNAs for catalase, superoxide dismutase-1, thioredoxine, and peroxiredoxine, as well as by cell-surviving capacity under short-term H2 O2 treatment. We conclude that functional differences exist between healthy and osteoporotic human MSCs. The mechanism for these differences requires further study. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 585-593, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Román
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Urra
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Porras
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Pino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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97
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Drehmer DL, de Aguiar AM, Brandt AP, Petiz L, Cadena SMSC, Rebelatto CK, Brofman PRS, Filipak Neto F, Dallagiovanna B, Abud APR. Metabolic switches during the first steps of adipogenic stem cells differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:413-421. [PMID: 27653462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of metabolism during cell proliferation and commitment provides a greater insight into the basic biology of cells, allowing future applications. Here we evaluated the energy and oxidative changes during the early adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hASCs). hASCs were maintained under differentiation conditions during 3 and 7days. Oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, non-protein thiols (NPT) concentration and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. We observed that 7days of adipogenic induction are required to stimulate cells to consume more oxygen and increase mitochondrial activity, indicating organelle maturation and a transition from glycolytic to oxidative energy metabolism. ROS production was only increased after 3days and may be involved in the differentiation commitment. ROS source was not only the mitochondria and we suggest that NOX proteins are related to ROS generation and therefore adipogenic commitment. ROS production did not change after 7days, but an increased activity of catalase and NPT concentration as well as a decreased lipid peroxidation were observed. Thus, a short period of differentiation induction is able to change the energetic and oxidative metabolic profile of hASCs and stimulate cytoprotection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Leila Drehmer
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melo de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lyvia Petiz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo R S Brofman
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ressetti Abud
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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98
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Peng X, Giménez-Cassina A, Petrus P, Conrad M, Rydén M, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase 1 suppresses adipocyte differentiation and insulin responsiveness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28080. [PMID: 27346647 PMCID: PMC4921861 DOI: 10.1038/srep28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by Txnrd1, was suggested to modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Here we discovered that TrxR1 suppresses insulin responsiveness, anabolic metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Txnrd1 (Txnrd1−/−) displayed increased metabolic flux, glycogen storage, lipogenesis and adipogenesis. This phenotype coincided with upregulated PPARγ expression, promotion of mitotic clonal expansion and downregulation of p27 and p53. Enhanced Akt activation also contributed to augmented adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of TXNRD1 transcripts accelerated adipocyte differentiation also in human primary preadipocytes. Furthermore, TXNRD1 transcript levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 56 women were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo and lipogenesis in their isolated adipocytes. These results suggest that TrxR1 suppresses anabolic metabolism and adipogenesis by inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways downstream of insulin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Peng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Petrus
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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99
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Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2989076. [PMID: 27413419 PMCID: PMC4928004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2989076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells present in most fetal and adult tissues. Ex vivo culture-expanded MSCs are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but their full clinical potential is far from realization. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in MSC biology, as their longevity and functions are affected by oxidative stress. In general, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit MSC proliferation, increase senescence, enhance adipogenic but reduce osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit MSC immunomodulation. Furthermore, aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo expansion, which is critical for their clinical applications. Modulation of sirtuin expression and activity may represent a method to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. These findings have important implications in the clinical utility of MSCs for degenerative and immunological based conditions. Further study of oxidative stress in MSCs is imperative in order to enhance MSC ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity.
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100
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Kirkwood JS, Miranda CL, Bobe G, Maier CS, Stevens JF. 18O-Tracer Metabolomics Reveals Protein Turnover and CDP-Choline Cycle Activity in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157118. [PMID: 27275782 PMCID: PMC4898700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of precursor cells into mature adipocytes (adipogenesis) has been an area of increased focus, spurred by a rise in obesity rates. Though our understanding of adipogenesis and its regulation at the cellular level is growing, many questions remain, especially regarding the regulation of the metabolome. The 3T3-L1 cell line is the most well characterized cellular model of adipogenesis. Using a time course metabolomics approach, we show that the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte metabolome is greatly altered during the first 48 hours of differentiation, where cells go through about two rounds of cell division, a process known as mitotic clonal expansion. Short-chain peptides were among several small molecules that were increased during mitotic clonal expansion. Additional indicators of protein turnover were also increased, including bilirubin, a degradation product of heme-containing proteins, and 3-methylhistidine, a post-translationally modified amino acid that is not reutilized for protein synthesis. To study the origin of the peptides, we treated differentiating preadipocytes with 18O labeled water and found that 18O was incorporated into the short chain peptides, confirming them, at least in part, as products of hydrolysis. Inhibitors of the proteasome or matrix metalloproteinases affected the peptide levels during differentiation, but inhibitors of autophagy or peptidases did not. 18O was also incorporated into several choline metabolites including cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), glycerophosphocholine, and several phosphatidylcholine species, indicative of phosphatidylcholine synthesis/degradation and of flux through the CDP-choline cycle, a hallmark of proliferating cells. 18O-Tracer metabolomics further showed metabolic labeling of glutamate, suggestive of glutaminolysis, also characteristic of proliferating cells. Together, these results highlight the utility of 18O isotope labeling in combination with metabolomics to uncover changes in cellular metabolism that are not detectable by time-resolved metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Kirkwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Cristobal L. Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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