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A common polymorphism rs1800247 in osteocalcin gene is associated with hypertension and diastolic blood pressure levels: the Shanghai Changfeng study. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 30:679-684. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zheng CM, Zheng JQ, Wu CC, Lu CL, Shyu JF, Yung-Ho H, Wu MY, Chiu IJ, Wang YH, Lin YF, Lu KC. Bone loss in chronic kidney disease: Quantity or quality? Bone 2016; 87:57-70. [PMID: 27049042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience bone loss and fracture because of a specific CKD-related systemic disorder known as CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). The bone turnover, mineralization, and volume (TMV) system describes the morphological bone lesions in renal osteodystrophy related to CKD-MBD. Bone turnover and bone volume are defined as high, normal, or low, and bone mineralization is classified as normal or abnormal. All types of bone histology related to TMV are responsible for both bone quantity and bone quality losses in CKD patients. This review focuses on current bone quantity and bone quality losses in CKD patients and finally discusses potential therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Quan Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwu Shyu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Yung-Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City,Taiwan.
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Pérez LM, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Emanuele E, Lucia A, Gálvez BG. 'Adipaging': ageing and obesity share biological hallmarks related to a dysfunctional adipose tissue. J Physiol 2016; 594:3187-207. [PMID: 26926488 DOI: 10.1113/jp271691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing ageing of our societies is accompanied by a pandemic of obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. Progressive dysfunction of the white adipose tissue is increasingly recognized as an important hallmark of the ageing process, which in turn contributes to metabolic alterations, multi-organ damage and a systemic pro-inflammatory state ('inflammageing'). On the other hand, obesity, the paradigm of adipose tissue dysfunction, shares numerous biological similarities with the normal ageing process such as chronic inflammation and multi-system alterations. Accordingly, understanding the interplay between accelerated ageing related to obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction is critical to gain insight into the ageing process in general as well as into the pathophysiology of obesity and other related conditions. Here we postulate the concept of 'adipaging' to illustrate the common links between ageing and obesity and the fact that, to a great extent, obese adults are prematurely aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
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Relationships between serum Omentin-1 levels and bone mineral density in older men with osteoporosis. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2016; 2:48-54. [PMID: 29063025 PMCID: PMC5643578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between serum Omentin-1 levels and the presence of osteoporosis in older men. METHODS Serum Omentin-1, bone turnover biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined in 45 older men with osteoporosis or 45 older men without osteoporosis (65-70 years old). RESULTS Omentin-1 levels were increased in older men with osteoporosis, and the differences remained significant after controlling for fat mass. Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with BMD. In a multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, Omentin-1, lean mass, but not fat mass, were independent predictors of BMD for the combined group. Significant negative correlations between Omentin-1 and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and bone cross-linked N-telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen (NTX) were found. Omentin-1 was also independently associated with BMD and bone turnover markers in older men with osteoporosis and control groups that were considered separately. CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 is an independent predictor of BMD in older men with osteoporosis, and it is negatively correlated with bone turnover biochemical markers. It is suggested that Omentin-1 may exert a negative effect on bone mass through the regulation of the osteoblast differentiation in the older men with osteoporosis.
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Abstract
Besides locomotion, organ protection, and calcium–phosphorus homeostasis, the three classical functions of the skeleton, bone remodeling affects energy metabolism through uncarboxylated osteocalcin, a recently discovered hormone secreted by osteoblasts. This review traces how energy metabolism affects osteoblasts through the central control of bone mass involving leptin, serotoninergic neurons, the hypothalamus, and the sympathetic nervous system. Next, the role of osteocalcin (insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and pancreas β-cell proliferation) in the regulation of energy metabolism is described. Then, the connections between insulin signaling on osteoblasts and the release of uncarboxylated osteocalcin during osteoclast bone resorption through osteoprotegerin are reported. Finally, the understanding of this new bone endocrinology will provide some insights into bone, kidney, and energy metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille B Confavreux
- INSERM U 1033-Université de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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57
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Maïmoun L, Guillaume S, Lefebvre P, Philibert P, Bertet H, Picot MC, Gaspari L, Paris F, Seneque M, Dupuys AM, Courtet P, Thomas E, Mariano-Goulart D, Bringer J, Renard E, Sultan C. Evidence of a link between resting energy expenditure and bone remodelling, glucose homeostasis and adipokine variations in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:135-46. [PMID: 26245848 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low bone mass is a consequence of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study assessed the effects of energy deficiency on various bone and hormonal parameters. The interrelationships between energy deficiency and bone remodelling, glucose homeostasis and adipokines underscore the importance of preventing energy deficiency to limit demineralisation and hormonal alterations in AN patients. INTRODUCTION Low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is a well-known consequence of AN. However, the impact of reduced energy expenditure on bone metabolism is unknown. This study assessed the effects of energy deficiency on bone remodelling and its potential interactions with glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue-derived hormones in AN, a clinical model for reduced energy expenditure. METHODS Fifty women with AN and 50 age-matched controls (mean age 18.1 ± 2.7 and 18.0 ± 2.1 years, respectively) were enrolled. aBMD was determined with DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REEm), a marker of energy status, was indirectly assessed by calorimetry. Bone turnover markers, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), parameters of glucose homeostasis, adipokines and growth factors were concomitantly evaluated. RESULTS AN patients presented low aBMD at all bone sites. REEm, bone formation markers, ucOC, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin and IGF-1 were significantly reduced, whereas the bone resorption marker, leptin receptor (sOB-R) and adiponectin were elevated in AN compared with CON. In AN patients, REEm was positively correlated with weight, BMI, whole body (WB) fat mass, WB fat-free soft tissue, markers of bone formation, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin and IGF-1 and negatively correlated with the bone resorption marker and sOB-R. Biological parameters, aBMD excepted, appeared more affected by the weight variation in the last 6 months than by the disease duration. CONCLUSIONS The strong interrelationships between REEm and bone remodelling, glucose homeostasis and adipokines underscore the importance of preventing energy deficiency to limit short- and long-term bone demineralisation and hormonal alterations in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maïmoun
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier et Université Montpellier 1 (UMI), 34295, Montpellier, France
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UMI, INSERM U1061, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - P Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - P Philibert
- Departement de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - H Bertet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - M-C Picot
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
- CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - L Gaspari
- Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Caremeau, CHRU Nîmes, 30000, Nîmes, France
| | - F Paris
- Departement de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 191 avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Seneque
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UMI, INSERM U1061, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - A-M Dupuys
- Departement de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - P Courtet
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UMI, INSERM U1061, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - E Thomas
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - D Mariano-Goulart
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier et Université Montpellier 1 (UMI), 34295, Montpellier, France
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - J Bringer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - E Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
- CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U1161/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Sultan
- Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 191 avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Asadipooya K, Graves L, Lukert BP, Kalantarhormozi M, Assadi M, Ostovar A, Larijani B, Nabipour I. Osteocalcin is a predictor for diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women and correlated with oral intake of vitamin k. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Asadipooya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU, New York City, NY, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leland Graves
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Barbara P. Lukert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Department of Biochemistry, the Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Liang Y, Tan A, Liang D, Yang X, Liao M, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Yao Z, Lin X, Lu Z, Wu C, Zhang S, Hu Y, Qin X, Mo Z, Li H, Zhang H. Low osteocalcin level is a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism in a Chinese male population. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:522-8. [PMID: 27181428 PMCID: PMC4931202 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study was to assess the association between serum osteocalcin level and glucose metabolism in a Chinese male population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study with a cohort of participants from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey. The cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,353 men, including 2,139 participants with normal glucose tolerance, 148 with impaired fasting glucose and 66 with type 2 diabetes. A subsample of 1,109 men with measurement of osteocalcin was observed in the cohort. After a 4-year follow-up period, 1,049 non-diabetic and 983 participants with normal glucose tolerance who submitted the available information were enrolled in the cohort. Participants were divided into group-H (≥23.33 ng/mL) and group-L (<23.33 ng/mL) by osteocalcin level. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, osteocalcin levels were highest in participants with normal glucose tolerance, followed by those with impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). In partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, serum osteocalcin level was related to glucose level (r = -0.082, P < 0.001), insulin level (r = -0.079, P < 0.001) and insulin resistance (r = -0.065, P = 0.002). Compared with group-H, group-L was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 2.107, 95% confidence interval 1.123-3.955), impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio 2.106; 95% CI 1.528-2.902), and insulin resistance (odds ratio 1.359, 95% confidence interval 1.080-1.710) adjusted for age, education levels, cigarette smoking and lipid profiles. In the cohort study, the increased risk of impaired fasting glucose was significant in group-L vs group-H (3.3% vs 1.2%, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Low serum osteocalcin level was a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism and subsequent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Danyan Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinggu Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanlin Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Tomomura M, Tomomura A. Caldecrin: A pancreas-derived hypocalcemic factor, regulates osteoclast formation and function. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:358-365. [PMID: 26629319 PMCID: PMC4656912 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caldecrin was originally isolated from the pancreas as a factor that reduced serum calcium levels. This secreted serine protease has chymotrypsin-like activity and is also known as chymotrypsin C; it belongs to the elastase family. Although intravenous administration of caldecrin decreases the serum calcium concentration even when its protease activity is blocked, this effect does require cleavage of caldecrin’s pro-peptide by trypsin, converting it to the mature enzyme. Ectopic intramuscular expression of caldecrin prevented bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. Caldecrin inhibited parathyroid hormone-stimulated calcium release from fetal mouse long bone organ cultures. Furthermore, caldecrin suppressed the formation of osteoclasts from bone marrow cells by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL)-stimulated phospholipase Cγ-calcium oscillation-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 pathway. Caldecrin also suppressed the bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts by preventing RANKL-stimulated Src activation, calcium entry, and actin ring formation. In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that caldecrin is a unique multifunctional protease with anti-osteoclastogenic activities that are distinct from its protease activity. Caldecrin might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. This mini-review describes caldecrin’s historical background and its mechanisms of action.
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González-García ZM, Kullo IJ, Coletta DK, Mandarino LJ, Shaibi GQ. Osteocalcin and type 2 diabetes risk in Latinos: a life course approach. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:859-61. [PMID: 26088710 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between circulating levels of the bone-derived protein osteocalcin (OC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in Latino children and adults. METHODS Serum OC was measured in 136 children and 531 adults who had the following T2D risk factors assessed, body mass index (BMI), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS OC was significantly higher in children than adults (209.0 ± 12.1 vs. 41.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p<0.0001). In adults, OC was inversely associated (all p<0.001) with BMI (r=-0.2), HbA1c (r=-0.2), fasting glucose (r=-0.16), and 2-hour glucose (r=-0.21), while there were no significant associations in children. There was a stepwise decrease in OC with increasing dysglycemia in adults, normoglycemic (44.1 ± 1.3 ng/ml), prediabetic (39.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml), and T2D (31.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p<0.0001), whereas there were no differences between normal and prediabetic youth (195.7 ± 16.1 vs. 194.7 ± 25.8 ng/ml, p=0.3). CONCLUSIONS OC was inversely associated with T2D risk in Latino adults; however, this pattern was not observed in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawn K Coletta
- Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.,Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.,College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Kunutsor SK, Apekey TA, Laukkanen JA. Association of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 diabetes and intermediate metabolic phenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational evidence. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:599-614. [PMID: 26085114 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum total osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, may regulate glucose metabolism and influence the risk of developing adverse metabolic outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational evidence, to assess and quantify the associations of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 diabetes and intermediate metabolic phenotypes [e.g., metabolic syndrome (MetS)]. Relevant studies were identified in a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant studies to May 2015. Mean differences and risk estimates (odds ratios or relative risks) with 95% CIs were aggregated using random-effects models. Fifty-two observational (38 cross-sectional, eight cohort, five case-control, and one both cross-sectional and cohort) studies with data on 46,998 non-overlapping participants were included. Baseline serum total osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in type 2 diabetes compared with non-type 2 diabetes and in MetS compared with non-MetS in pooled analysis of cross-sectional evidence. Pooled risk estimates (95% CIs) for type 2 diabetes in a comparison of extreme fourths of total osteocalcin levels were 0.23 (95% CI 0.12, 0.46) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.78, 1.01) for cross-sectional and cohort studies respectively. The corresponding estimate was 0.39 (0.27, 0.56) for MetS from cross-sectional evidence. In both cross-sectional and cohort studies, a unit increase in serum total osteocalcin levels was associated with a significant mean increase in HOMA-B and mean reduction in HbA1c; with significant mean reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels, HOMA-IR, and body mass index in only cross-sectional studies. Available evidence--mainly from cross-sectional studies, supports inverse associations of serum total osteocalcin with risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to establish whether serum total osteocalcin may be useful in the prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor Kwadzo Kunutsor
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, Learning and Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Tanefa Antoinette Apekey
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, School of Health and Wellbeing, Leeds Beckett University, Room CL413, Calverley Building, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Ambroszkiewicz J, Chelchowska M, Szamotulska K, Rychlowska-Pruszyńska M, Rowicka G, Gajewska J. Body composition parameters and adipokines levels in relation to bone mineral density in patients with malignant bone tumors after treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:988-93. [PMID: 25557806 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data support the concept that adipokines, which are secreted by fat cells, are important modulators of bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between body composition parameters, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with malignant bone tumors after anticancer therapy. PROCEDURE The study included 35 patients (median age 14.8 years) with diagnosed malignant bone tumors treated according to obligatory protocols. Total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD measurements were performed after treatment completion by dual energy-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum concentrations of leptin, leptin receptor and adiponectin were determined using immunoenzymatic assays. The control group consisted of 28 healthy children (median age 14.3 years). RESULTS Patients with bone tumor after chemotherapy had significantly higher fat mass (P < 0.01), increased ratio of fat mass/lean mass (P < 0.001), and a decrease (P < 0.001) in total body and lumbar spine BMD compared with controls. We observed higher serum leptin concentration (P < 0.01) and lower soluble leptin receptor (P < 0.001) and adiponectin (P = 0.01) in patients than in controls. The ratios of leptin/leptin receptor and leptin/adiponectin were about three-fold higher in patients compared with the control group (P = 0.001). We found a significant positive correlation between BMD and body composition and a negative correlation between BMD and adiponectin in the patients group. CONCLUSIONS Changes in body composition parameters coexisting with disturbed adipokine levels, especially higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin, might be associated with bone status in patients treated for malignant bone tumors.
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64
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Elefteriou F. Chronic stress, sympathetic activation and skeletal metastasis of breast cancer cells. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:693. [PMID: 25987989 PMCID: PMC4432778 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Improved detection programs and new therapies significantly improved the 5-year survival rate of women with breast cancer. However, some women still relapse and succumb to cancer because of metastatic disease. In particular, chronically depressed patients do not seem to benefit from newly developed treatments and present with shorter survival. The reason for this association is unclear, but recent cues from preclinical studies point to the possible contribution of neuroendocrine factors generated in response to chronic stress and depression. Retrospective clinical studies also suggest a beneficial effect of sympathetic blockade in terms of less advanced disease at diagnosis, lower cancer-specific mortality, longer disease-free survival and reduced metastasis development and tumor recurrence, especially in patients who have taken propranolol before diagnosis. Therefore, β-blockers or therapies normalizing sympathetic tone might be beneficial as early adjuvant therapies to limit skeletal metastases and growth and eventually to improve prognosis in patients with breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
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65
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A unified model for bone-renal mineral and energy metabolism. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:64-71. [PMID: 25880364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beginning of the millennium saw the discovery of a new bone-matrix protein, Matrix Extracellular PhosphoglycoprotEin (MEPE) and an associated C-terminal motif called ASARM. This motif and other distinguishing features occur in a group of proteins called SIBLINGs. These proteins include dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteopontin, dentin-sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), statherin, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and MEPE. MEPE, DMP1 and ASARM-motifs regulate expression of a phosphate regulating cytokine FGF23. Further, a trimeric interaction between phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX), DMP1, and α5β3-integrin that occurs on the plasma-membrane of the osteocyte mediates FGF23 regulation (FAP pathway). ASARM-peptides competitively inhibit the trimeric complex and increase FGF23. A second pathway involves specialized structures, matrix vesicles pathway (MVP). This review will discuss the FAP and MVP pathways and present a unified model for mineral and energy metabolism.
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Zou J, Xiong X, Lai B, Sun M, Tu X, Gao X. Glucose metabolic abnormality is associated with defective mineral homeostasis in skeletal disorder mouse model. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:359-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bonewald LF. Does defective bone lead to defective muscle? J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:593-5. [PMID: 25727709 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Hood WR, Hobensack M. The effect of locomotion on the mobilization of minerals from the maternal skeleton. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122702. [PMID: 25799494 PMCID: PMC4370751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue from which minerals are deposited or withdrawn according to the body’s demand. During late pregnancy and lactation, female mammals mobilize mineral from bone to support the ossification of offspring skeleton(s). Conversely, in response to mechanical loading, minerals are deposited in bone enabling it to develop a stronger architecture. Despite their central importance to reproductive performance and skeletal integrity, the interactions between these potentially opposing forces remains poorly understood. It is possible that inter-individual differences in the loading imposed by different forms of locomotion may alter the amount of mineral mobilized during reproduction. Here, the impact of vertical versus horizontal locomotion on bone mobilization was examined during reproduction in the laboratory mouse. The vertical, or climbing, group had access to a 60-cm tower, increasing strain on their appendicular skeleton. The horizontal, or tunnel, group had access to a 100-cm tunnel, which encouraged movements within the horizontal plane. Form of locomotion did not impact the amount of bone females mobilized during reproduction or the amount of mineral females deposited in the litter, but maternal bone architecture differed between groups. The climbing group displayed more trabeculae than the tunnel group, whereas the tunnel group displayed greater cortical bone mineral density mid-shaft. Interestingly, pups born to mothers in the climbing group had a higher concentration of total body calcium at 16 days than pups of mothers in the tunnel group. As maternal total body calcium composition and the amount of calcium invested in the full litter were not different between groups, the difference in the relative calcium content of pups between groups is not suspected to reflect difference in mineral allocation. Future research should consider the impact of maternal activity on the efficiency of offspring skeletal ossification via hormones and other bioactive factors transferred in utero and in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R. Hood
- Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pradeep AR, Patnaik K, Nagpal K, Karvekar S, Ramamurthy BL, Naik SB, Suke D, Singh P, Raju A. Efficacy of locally-delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:239-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avani R. Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Kaushik Patnaik
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Kanika Nagpal
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Shruti Karvekar
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Bhaskar L. Ramamurthy
- Oxford Dental College and Hospital; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Azamgarh Dental College; Azamgarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Savitha B. Naik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Deepak Suke
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology; Grant Medical College and J.J Group of Hospitals; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Arjun Raju
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Uttarakhand Government Medical College; Haldwani Uttarakhand India
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Lombardi G, Perego S, Luzi L, Banfi G. A four-season molecule: osteocalcin. Updates in its physiological roles. Endocrine 2015; 48:394-404. [PMID: 25158976 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is the main non-collagenous hydroxyapatite-binding protein synthesized by osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. It has a regulatory role in mineralization and it is considered a marker of bone cell metabolism. Recent findings evidenced new extra-skeletal roles for OC, depicting it as a real hormone. OC shares many functional features with the common hormones, such as tissue-specific expression, circadian rhythm, and synthesis as a pre-pro-molecule. However, it has some peculiar features making it a unique molecule: OC exists in different forms based on the degree of carboxylation. Indeed, OC has three glutamic acid residues, in position 17, 21, and 24, which are subject to γ-carboxylation, through the action of a vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxytransferase. The degree of carboxylation, and thus the negative charge density, determines the affinity for the calcium ions deposited in the extracellular matrix of the bone. The modulation of the carboxylation could, thus, represent the mechanism by which the body controls the circulating levels, and hence the hormonal function, of OC. There are evidences linking OC, and the bone metabolism, with a series of endocrine (glucose metabolism, energy metabolism, fertility) physiological (muscle activity) and pathological functions (ectopic calcification). Aim of this review is to give a full overview of the physiological roles of OC by collecting the newest experimental findings on this intriguing molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy,
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El-Eshmawy M, Abdel Aal I. Relationships between preptin and osteocalcin in obese, overweight, and normal weight adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:218-22. [PMID: 25675353 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preptin is an endocrine peptide secreted from pancreatic β cells; it acts as a physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Osteocalcin, secreted by osteoblasts, is also involved in the regulation of body energy in that it modulates fat and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate circulating preptin and osteocalcin levels and the possible association between them in obese and overweight adults. A total of 100 obese-overweight adults and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, preptin, and osteocalcin were assessed. Preptin was significantly higher in obese and overweight subjects than in controls, whereas osteocalcin was significantly lower. In multiple regression analysis, preptin was independently influenced by waist circumference (WC) (β = 3.75, P = 0.03), fasting insulin (β = 4.77, P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (β = 8.21, P = 0.003), and osteocalcin (β = -28.41, P = 0.04). Osteocalcin was independently influenced by body mass index (β = -1.46, P = 0.05), WC (β = -2.04, P = 0.03), fasting insulin (β = -2.69, P = 0.02), HOMA-IR (β = -0.19, P = 0.006), and triglyceride (β = -4.54, P = 0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum preptin and decreased osteocalcin concentrations, together with insulin resistance, are associated with obesity and overweight. Serum preptin is also independently associated with osteocalcin, which may explain, at least in part, the crosstalk between bone and the β cells of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat El-Eshmawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abstract
The present review assesses the current state of literature defining integrative autonomic-immune physiological processing, focusing on studies that have employed electrophysiological, pharmacological, molecular biological, and central nervous system experimental approaches. Central autonomic neural networks are informed of peripheral immune status via numerous communicating pathways, including neural and non-neural. Cytokines and other immune factors affect the level of activity and responsivity of discharges in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves innervating diverse targets. Multiple levels of the neuraxis contribute to cytokine-induced changes in efferent parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve outflows, leading to modulation of peripheral immune responses. The functionality of local sympathoimmune interactions depends on the microenvironment created by diverse signaling mechanisms involving integration between sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators; specific adrenergic receptors; and the presence or absence of immune cells, cytokines, and bacteria. Functional mechanisms contributing to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway likely involve novel cholinergic-adrenergic interactions at peripheral sites, including autonomic ganglion and lymphoid targets. Immune cells express adrenergic and nicotinic receptors. Neurotransmitters released by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings bind to their respective receptors located on the surface of immune cells and initiate immune-modulatory responses. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system are instrumental in orchestrating neuroimmune processes, although additional studies are required to understand dynamic and complex adrenergic-cholinergic interactions. Further understanding of regulatory mechanisms linking the sympathetic nervous, parasympathetic nervous, and immune systems is critical for understanding relationships between chronic disease development and immune-associated changes in autonomic nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kenney
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Albadah MS, Dekhil H, Shaik SA, Alsaif MA, Shogair M, Nawaz S, Alfadda AA. Effect of weight loss on serum osteocalcin and its association with serum adipokines. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:508532. [PMID: 25784935 PMCID: PMC4345075 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, is related to body metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Whether this relation is mediated through an interaction with adipokines remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of weight loss on serum osteocalcin and its relation with three adipokines, adiponectin, chemerin, and resistin. Forty-nine obese nondiabetic males completed a four-month dietary program. Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly from 39.7 ± 7.6 to 37.8 ± 7.6 (P < 0.001). This was associated with significant reduction in waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total and LDL-cholesterol, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and resistin (P < 0.05). There was significant increase in serum adiponectin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC) (P < 0.001). The changes in uOC levels were negatively correlated with changes in serum triglycerides (r = -0.51, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with changes in BAP (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). In contrast, the changes in uOC were not correlated with changes in BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total and LDL-cholesterol, hsCRP, vitamin D, and circulating adipokines. We concluded that the increase in serum uOC following weight loss is not related to the changes in circulating adipokines levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Albadah
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805 (104), Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Dekhil
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaffi Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsaif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shogair
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- *Assim A. Alfadda:
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74
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Levinger I, Jerums G, Stepto NK, Parker L, Serpiello FR, McConell GK, Anderson M, Hare DL, Byrnes E, Ebeling PR, Seeman E. The effect of acute exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and insulin sensitivity in obese men. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2571-6. [PMID: 24861730 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise improves insulin sensitivity for hours after the exercise is ceased. The skeleton contributes to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity via osteocalcin (OC) in its undercarboxylated (ucOC) form in mice. We tested the hypothesis that insulin sensitivity over the hours after exercise is associated with circulating levels of ucOC. Eleven middle-aged (58.1 ± 2.2 years mean ± SEM), obese (body mass index [BMI] = 33.1 ± 1.4 kg/m(2) ) nondiabetic men completed a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp at rest (rest-control) and at 60 minutes after exercise (4 × 4 minutes of cycling at 95% of HRpeak ). Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose infusion rate relative to body mass (GIR, mL/kg/min) as well as GIR per unit of insulin (M-value). Blood samples and five muscle biopsies were obtained; two at the resting-control session, one before and one after clamping, and three in the exercise session, at rest, 60 minutes after exercise, and after the clamp. Exercise increased serum ucOC (6.4 ± 2.1%, p = 0.013) but not total OC (p > 0.05). Blood glucose was ∼6% lower and insulin sensitivity was ∼35% higher after exercise compared with control (both p < 0.05). Phosphorylated (P)-AKT (Ak thymoma) was higher after exercise and insulin compared with exercise alone (no insulin) and insulin alone (no exercise, all p < 0.05). In a multiple-linear regression including BMI, age, and aerobic fitness, ucOC was associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity at rest (β = 0.59, p = 0.023) and after exercise (β = 0.66, p = 0.005). Insulin sensitivity, after acute exercise, is associated with circulating levels of ucOC in obese men. Whether ucOC has a direct effect on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity after exercise is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
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75
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Datta NS. Muscle-bone and fat-bone interactions in regulating bone mass: do PTH and PTHrP play any role? Endocrine 2014; 47:389-400. [PMID: 24802058 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic bone disease occurs when there is a net loss in bone density. Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disease, is a devastating problem and an increasingly major public health issue. A substantial body of evidence in the elderly population indicates that a relationship exists between the components of body weight and various measures of bone/mass, density, and function. Both muscle and fat contribute to the body's total weight and the intimate associations of muscle, fat, and bone are known. But the close functional interactions between muscle and bone or fat and bone are largely unidentified and have drawn much attention in recent years. Each of these tissues not only responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and the central nervous systems but also secretes factors with important endocrine functions. Studies suggest that during growth, development, and aging, the relationship of muscle and fat with the skeleton possibly governs bone homeostasis and turnover. A better understanding of the endocrine function and the cellular and molecular mechanisms and pathways linking muscle or adipose tissues with bone anabolism and catabolism is a new avenue for novel pathways for anabolic drug discovery. These in turn will likely lead to more rational therapy toward increasingly prevalent disorders like osteoporosis. In this review, some of the recent works on the interaction of bone with muscle and fat are highlighted, and in so doing the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita S Datta
- Department Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA,
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Li XP, Zeng S, Wang M, Wu XP, Liao EY. Relationships between serum omentin-1, body fat mass and bone mineral density in healthy Chinese male adults in Changsha area. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:991-1000. [PMID: 25097104 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study is firstly designed to identify the relationship between serum omentin-1 concentration, body fat mass and bone mineral density in healthy Chinese male adults in Changsha city. METHODS A total of 219 (20-80 years old) healthy subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum omentin-1, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and bone turn over biochemical markers were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density (BMD) and fat body composition were determined using dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Serum omentin-1 levels in the overweight subjects were significantly lower than those of the subjects with normal weight (p < 0.05). Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.418), body mass index (BMI, r = -0.419), waist circumference (r = -0.402), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, r = -0.355), fat body mass (FBM, r = -0.430), fat % (r = -0.408), trunk fat (-0.431). However, after controlling for age, BMI and FBM, no significant correlation was noticed between omentin-1 and BMD at different skeletal sites. Pearson's correlation coefficients and partial correlation coefficients after adjustment showed no significant correlations between omentin-1 and bone turn over biochemical markers, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and bone cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Multiple line stepwise regression analysis revealed that FBM, WHR, adiponectin were important variables affecting omentin-1. Moreover, lean tissue mass was the most important factor affecting BMD and explained 10.5-14.7 % of the variance. Omentin-1, leptin and resistin were not the predictors of BMD. CONCLUSIONS Serum omentin-1 was negatively correlated with FBM and BMI in healthy Chinese male adults, It was not significantly correlated with bone turnover biochemical markers. Omentin-1 may exert ambiguous effects on BMD, which maybe caused by the complex interactions among adipokines, hormonal activity, and body composition and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
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Confavreux CB, Szulc P, Casey R, Varennes A, Goudable J, Chapurlat RD. Lower serum osteocalcin is associated with more severe metabolic syndrome in elderly men from the MINOS cohort. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:275-83. [PMID: 24842726 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone has emerged as an endocrine organ regulating energy metabolism through secretion of osteocalcin. In epidemiological studies, presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with lower osteocalcin level. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether osteocalcin level was associated with MetS severity in men and whether it was more strongly associated with MetS compared with N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (βCTX). METHODS We included 798 men aged 51-85 years for total osteocalcin measurement. Number of MetS criteria was used to define severity. We used polytomous logistic regression to assess the relationship between MetS severity and osteocalcin level. RESULTS Thirty percent of men had MetS. In patients with MetS, the higher the number of MetS traits were present, the lower was the average osteocalcin level (0-2 criteria: 551 men: 19.5±6.7 ng/ml, three criteria: 155 men: 19.3±7.4 ng/ml, four criteria: 72 men: 17.3±5.7 ng/ml, and five criteria: 20 men: 15.0±5.1 ng/ml; P for trend=0.002).In the polytomous logistic regression model, an increase in osteocalcin level of 10 ng/ml was associated with lower prevalence of severe MetS: three criteria (odds ratio (OR)=0.93 (0.70-1.24)), four criteria (OR=0.54 (0.34-0.84)), and five criteria (OR=0.28 (0.10-0.82)) in comparison with no MetS (P for trend=0.008).After adjustment, using stepwise analysis of the polytomous logistic regression model, we observed that osteocalcin, age, and apparent free testosterone entered in the model but not other bone markers (PINP, βCTX, and BAP). CONCLUSION In older Caucasian men, total osteocalcin level was associated with MetS severity. Osteocalcin was more strongly associated with MetS severity than other bone turnover markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille B Confavreux
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Romain Casey
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Annie Varennes
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Joelle Goudable
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Roland D Chapurlat
- Université de Lyon - INSERM UMR1033Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon F, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69003, FranceOFSEP-Université de LyonHospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceCentral Biochemical LaboratoryHôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69003, FranceINSERM UMR1060-Université de LyonLyon, France
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de Lartigue G, Ronveaux CC, Raybould HE. Deletion of leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons results in hyperphagia and obesity. Mol Metab 2014; 3:595-607. [PMID: 25161883 PMCID: PMC4142400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagal afferent pathway senses hormones released from the gut in response to nutritional cues and relays these signals to the brain. We tested the hypothesis that leptin resistance in vagal afferent neurons (VAN) is responsible for the onset of hyperphagia by developing a novel conditional knockout mouse to delete leptin receptor selectively in sensory neurons (Nav1.8/LepR (fl/fl) mice). Chow fed Nav1.8/LepR (fl/fl) mice weighed significantly more and had increased adiposity compared with wildtype mice. Cumulative food intake, meal size, and meal duration in the dark phase were increased in Nav1.8/LepR (fl/fl) mice; energy expenditure was unaltered. Reduced satiation in Nav1.8/LepR (fl/fl) mice is in part due to reduced sensitivity of VAN to CCK and the subsequent loss of VAN plasticity. Crucially Nav1.8/LepR (l/fl) mice did not gain further weight in response to a high fat diet. We conclude that disruption of leptin signaling in VAN is sufficient and necessary to promote hyperphagia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charlotte C Ronveaux
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
Overweight and obesity may contribute to bone fractures in children; however, the mechanism involved is not clear. In this study, we assessed the relation between serum osteocalcin levels and body composition in obese children. A total of 79 children (ages 7-12 years) were recruited. Serum osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with fat percentage and visceral fat area (r = -0.24 and r = -0.46, respectively, P < 0.05); however, no statistically significant association was found between obesity degree and serum osteocalcin levels (r = -0.29, P = 0.052). Serum osteocalcin levels were positively correlated with lean body mass, fat-free mass, and fat-free mass index (r = 0.24, 0.23, and 0.31, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in severely obese (44.46 ± 9.73 μg/mL) and moderately obese (48.72 ± 10.82 μg/mL) children than in mildly obese (55.43 ± 12.4 μg/mL) and overweight (54.36 ± 11.96 μg/mL) children (P = 0.02). These findings indicate that body composition is related to serum osteocalcin levels in overweight and obese children.
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80
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Zelenchuk LV, Hedge AM, Rowe PSN. PHEX mimetic (SPR4-peptide) corrects and improves HYP and wild type mice energy-metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97326. [PMID: 24839967 PMCID: PMC4026222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT PHEX or DMP1 mutations cause hypophosphatemic-rickets and altered energy metabolism. PHEX binds to DMP1-ASARM-motif to form a complex with α5β3 integrin that suppresses FGF23 expression. ASARM-peptides increase FGF23 by disrupting the PHEX-DMP1-Integrin complex. We used a 4.2 kDa peptide (SPR4) that binds to ASARM-peptide/motif to study the DMP1-PHEX interaction and to assess SPR4 for the treatment of energy metabolism defects in HYP and potentially other bone-mineral disorders. DESIGN Subcutaneously transplanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse SPR4-peptide or vehicle (VE) into wild-type mice (WT) and HYP-mice (PHEX mutation) for 4 weeks. RESULTS SPR4 partially corrected HYP mice hypophosphatemia and increased serum 1.25(OH)2D3. Serum FGF23 remained high and PTH was unaffected. WT-SPR4 mice developed hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia with increased PTH, FGF23 and 1.25(OH)2D3. SPR4 increased GAPDH HYP-bone expression 60× and corrected HYP-mice hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. HYP-VE serum uric-acid (UA) levels were reduced and SPR4 infusion suppressed UA levels in WT-mice but not HYP-mice. SPR4 altered leptin, adiponectin, and sympathetic-tone and increased the fat mass/weight ratio for HYP and WT mice. Expression of perlipin-2 a gene involved in obesity was reduced in HYP-VE and WT-SPR4 mice but increased in HYP-SPR4 mice. Also, increased expression of two genes that inhibit insulin-signaling, ENPP1 and ESP, occurred with HYP-VE mice. In contrast, SPR4 reduced expression of both ENPP1 and ESP in WT mice and suppressed ENPP1 in HYP mice. Increased expression of FAM20C and sclerostin occurred with HYP-VE mice. SPR4 suppressed expression of FAM20C and sclerostin in HYP and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS ASARM peptides and motifs are physiological substrates for PHEX and modulate osteocyte PHEX-DMP1-α5β3-integrin interactions and thereby FGF23 expression. These interactions also provide a nexus that regulates bone and energy metabolism. SPR4 suppression of sclerostin and/or sequestration of ASARM-peptides improves energy metabolism and may have utility for treating familial rickets, osteoporosis, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya V. Zelenchuk
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anne-Marie Hedge
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Peter S. N. Rowe
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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81
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Caglar GS, Ozdemir ED, Kiseli M, Demirtas S, Cengiz SD. The association of osteocalcin and adiponectin with glucose metabolism in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 77:255-60. [PMID: 24852846 DOI: 10.1159/000358826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study was designed to determine if osteocalcin is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic risk factors and adiponectin levels in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 87 menopausal nondiabetic subjects were enrolled into the study. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin and serum lipids were determined. To estimate insulin sensitivity, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used. Serum total osteocalcin and adiponectin levels were measured and the features of metabolic syndrome were identified. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 54.7 years. Among the participants, 28.7% were obese (body mass index, BMI, ≥30). Insulin resistance was detected by HOMA-IR in 42.5% and by the QUICKI index in 63.2% of the cases. Metabolic syndrome was present in 29.8% of the patients. Neither the baseline characteristics nor the metabolic risk factors were correlated with osteocalcin or adiponectin levels (p > 0.05). When the patients were analyzed regarding BMI, osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in overweight women. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in women with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION No correlation between total osteocalcin and FPG, fasting insulin and insulin resistance parameters was found in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Serum levels of adiponectin were associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze S Caglar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rui X, Xu B, Su J, Pan C, Zhan C, Su B, Li H, Wang J, Sheng H, Qu S. Differential pattern for regulating insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism by osteocalcin in male and female T2DM patients. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:711-9. [PMID: 24785155 PMCID: PMC4015649 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocalcin has been reported to be relevant to glucose and lipid metabolism, indicating it may stimulate insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance. Yet the difference between male and female patients is still not clear. We aimed to investigate the difference in serum osteocalcin, and its association with glucose, lipid metabolism, pancreatic function, insulin sensitivity, and resistance in male and female middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 739 T2DM patients were included. After measurement of body mass index (BMI), the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin (FINS), C peptide (FC-P), 2-h post-OGTT plasma glucose (2h-PG), HbA1C, and osteocalcin were determined. Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-%B), homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. RESULTS Females had higher osteocalcin concentration than males (P<0.05). In males, serum osteocalcin was negatively correlated with HbA1C, FPG, and 2-h PG (P<0.05), but positively with 2-h post-OGTT C peptide (2hC-P), 2-h post-OGTT serum insulin (2h-INS), and HOMA-%B (P<0.05). In females, serum osteocalcin was negatively correlated with HbA1C, FPG, triglyceride (TG), and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), but positively with 2-h C-P, 2-h INS, HOMA-%B, HOMA-%S, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P<0.05). In all subjects, serum osteocalcin was inversely correlated with HbA1C, FPG, and 2-h PG (P<0.05), but positively with 2-h C-P, 2-h INS, HDL, and HOMA-%B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Osteocalcin might improve glucose metabolism through enhancing insulin secretion in males, and through increasing insulin secretion and improving insulin resistance in females with T2DM. Osteocalcin probably also plays an important role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Rui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fonović M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins and extracellular matrix degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2560-70. [PMID: 24680817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine cathepsins are normally found in the lysosomes where they are involved in intracellular protein turnover. Their ability to degrade the components of the extracellular matrix in vitro was first reported more than 25years ago. However, cathepsins were for a long time not considered to be among the major players in ECM degradation in vivo. During the last decade it has, however, become evident that abundant secretion of cysteine cathepsins into extracellular milieu is accompanying numerous physiological and disease conditions, enabling the cathepsins to degrade extracellular proteins. SCOPE OF VIEW In this review we will focus on cysteine cathepsins and their extracellular functions linked with ECM degradation, including regulation of their activity, which is often enhanced by acidification of the extracellular microenvironment, such as found in the bone resorption lacunae or tumor microenvironment. We will further discuss the ECM substrates of cathepsins with a focus on collagen and elastin, including the importance of that for pathologies. Finally, we will overview the current status of cathepsin inhibitors in clinical development for treatment of ECM-linked diseases, in particular osteoporosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Cysteine cathepsins are among the major proteases involved in ECM remodeling, and their role is not limited to degradation only. Deregulation of their activity is linked with numerous ECM-linked diseases and they are now validated targets in a number of them. Cathepsins S and K are the most attractive targets, especially cathepsin K as a major therapeutic target for osteoporosis with drugs targeting it in advanced clinical trials. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Due to their major role in ECM remodeling cysteine cathepsins have emerged as an important group of therapeutic targets for a number of ECM-related diseases, including, osteoporosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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84
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Dexmedetomidine and regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge. Auton Neurosci 2014; 183:111-5. [PMID: 24656574 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent lines of inquiry indicate that sedatives can influence the immune system, leading to the concept of sedative-induced immunomodulation. It has been hypothesized that sedatives may alter immune responses by modulating the sympathetic nervous system, however, little information is known regarding the effects of sedatives on regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), a significant omission based on the functional role that changes in splenic SND exert on splenic cytokine gene expression. The present investigation determined the effect of systemic Dexmedetomidine (Dex) administration on the level of directly-recorded splenic SND and tested the hypothesis that the intravenous administration of Dex would inhibit splenic SND in anesthetized rats. The present results demonstrate for the first time that intravenous Dex administration significantly reduces splenic sympathetic nerve outflow in baroreceptor-intact and sinoaortic-denervated rats, indicating that Dex administration alters the central regulation of splenic SND. The present results provide new information regarding the effect of a centrally-acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist on the level of sympathetic nerve outflow to a secondary lymphoid organ that plays a critical role in peripheral immune responses.
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85
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Hage MP, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Bone and mineral metabolism in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:423-39. [PMID: 24008401 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite effective weight reduction, the impact of bariatric surgery on bone is a major concern. Mechanisms include decreased mechanical loading, calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, deficiency in other nutrients, and alterations in fat- and gut-derived hormones. The evidence to support clinical care pathways to prevent bone loss and fractures is at this point weak. INTRODUCTION There is a growing concern regarding the potential deleterious impact of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism. This comprehensive review addresses this controversial topic. METHODS We reviewed and analyzed articles evaluating bone metabolism and mechanisms for the ensuing putative bone loss in adult patients exclusively undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, for the period spanning 1942 till September 2012. RESULTS Mechanisms identified to contribute to alterations in bone metabolism after bypass surgery include: decreased mechanical loading, calcium and vitamin D malabsorption with secondary hyperparathyroidism, deficiency in other nutrients, in addition to alterations in adipokines, gonadal steroids, and gut-derived hormones favoring bone loss, with the exception of serotonin and glucagon-like peptide-1. The relative contribution of each of these hormones to changes in bone homeostasis after bypass surgery remains undefined. Bone loss reflected by a decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in bone turnover markers have been reported in many studies, limited for the most part by the exclusive use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Well-designed long-term prospective trials with fractures as an outcome, and studies investigating the magnitude, reversibility, and impact of the observed metabolic changes on fracture outcomes are lacking. CONCLUSION Robust conclusions regarding bone loss and fracture outcome after RYGB surgery cannot be drawn at this time. Although not evidence based, baseline evaluation and sequential monitoring with measurement of BMD and calciotropic hormones seem appropriate, with adequate calcium and vitamin D replacement. Beneficial interventions remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Hage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, PO BOX: 11-0236, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
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86
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Vestergaard P. Diabetes and osteoporosis - cause for concern? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:53. [PMID: 24795695 PMCID: PMC3997044 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- *Correspondence:
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87
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Shen CL, Chen L, Wang S, Chyu MC. Effects of dietary fat levels and feeding durations on musculoskeletal health in female rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:598-604. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosa BV, Blair HT, Vickers MH, Dittmer KE, Morel PCH, Knight CG, Firth EC. Moderate exercise during pregnancy in Wistar rats alters bone and body composition of the adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82378. [PMID: 24340022 PMCID: PMC3855443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise during pregnancy may have long-lasting effects on offspring health. Musculoskeletal growth and development, metabolism, and later-life disease risk can all be impacted by the maternal environment during pregnancy. The skeleton influences glucose handling through the actions of the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of moderate maternal exercise during pregnancy on the bone and body composition of the offspring in adult life, and to investigate the role of osteocalcin in these effects. Groups of pregnant Wistar rats either performed bipedal standing exercise to obtain food/water throughout gestation but not lactation, or were fed conventionally. Litters were reduced to 8/dam and pups were raised to maturity under control conditions. Whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and ex vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the right tibia were performed. At study termination blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum concentrations of fully and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured, and the relative expression levels of osteocalcin, insulin receptor, Forkhead box transcription factor O1, and osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA were quantified. Body mass did not differ between the offspring of exercised and control dams, but the male offspring of exercised dams had a greater % fat and lower % lean than controls (p=0.001 and p=0.0008, respectively). At the mid-tibial diaphysis, offspring of exercised dams had a lower volumetric bone mineral density than controls (p=0.01) and in the male offspring of exercised dams the bone: muscle relationship was fundamentally altered. Serum concentrations of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly greater in the male offspring of exercised dams than in controls (p=0.02); however, the relative expression of the measured genes did not differ between groups. These results suggest that moderate exercise during pregnancy can result in lasting changes to the musculoskeletal system and adiposity in offspring, in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle V. Rosa
- GRAVIDA: National Centre for Growth and Development, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- GRAVIDA: National Centre for Growth and Development, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- GRAVIDA: National Centre for Growth and Development, The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick C. H. Morel
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cameron G. Knight
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elwyn C. Firth
- GRAVIDA: National Centre for Growth and Development, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
The skeleton is an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism through the release of the osteoblast-derived hormone, osteocalcin (Ocn), and phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis through the secretion by osteoblasts and osteocytes of the novel hormone, FGF23 Ocn activates a widely expressed G-protein coupled receptor, GPRC6A, to regulate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, testosterone secretion by testicular Leydig cells, fatty acid metabolism in the liver, and insulin sensitivity of muscle and fat, as well as other functions. FGF23 targets a limited number of tissues, including kidney, parathyroid gland, choroid plexus, and pituitary gland that co-express FGF receptors and α-Klotho complexes. Ectodomain shedding and secretion of a soluble form of Klotho also is purported to act as an anti-ageing hormone. Further elucidation of these novel endocrine networks is likely to lead to new appreciation of the cooperation between various organ systems to regulate phosphate, vitamin D, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pi
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave, Suite B266, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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90
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Tao B, Li Z, Zhao HY, Sun LH, Zhao L, Li XY, Wang WQ, Ning G, Liu JM. A lower value for quantitative ultrasound at radius is an additional indicator of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:348-55. [PMID: 23009709 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) values, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are unclear. Objective The objective was to determine the relationships between QUS and MetS as well as CVD risk. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Shanghai, China. PATIENTS One-thousand four hundred and thirty-nine Chinese women and men with or without MetS were studied. MEASUREMENTS Speed of sound (SOS) at radius, phalanx and tibia and their relationships with MetS and Framingham's 10-year cardiovascular disease risk scores were investigated. RESULTS Premenopausal women with MetS had significant lower SOS at radius than those without MetS after adjusting for age, BMI and fat mass percentage (P = 0·02). The radius SOS was negatively associated with waist circumference (r = -0·109, P = 0·025), waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0·124, P = 0·01) and 2 h postprandial glucose level (r = -0·125, P = 0·012) in premenopausal women. Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and 2 h postprandial glucose level increased with the decreasing tertiles of radius SOS after adjustment of age (P = 0·003, 0·002 and 0·008, respectively). The CVD risk increased with decreasing tertiles of radius SOS in postmenopausal women even after the adjustment of age, years since menopause, MetS components, smoking and alcohol habits (P < 0·001), but not in premenopausal women and men. CONCLUSIONS Lower radius SOS is associated with greater risks of MetS and CVD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. The QUS value derived from non-weight-bearing site, such as radius, may represent an additional indicator of MetS and CVD risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Division of E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai, China
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91
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Jung CH, Lee WJ, Hwang JY, Lee MJ, Seol SM, Kim YM, Lee YL, Park JY. The preventive effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin against free fatty acid-induced endothelial apoptosis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Metabolism 2013; 62:1250-7. [PMID: 23639572 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that osteocalcin (OC), one of the osteoblast-specific proteins, has been associated with atherosclerosis, but results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to elucidate the independent effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), an active form of osteocalcin which has been suggested to have an insulin sensitizing effect, on vascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used human aortic endothelial cells and treated them with ucOC. Linoleic acid (LA) was used as a representative free fatty acid. Apoptosis was evaluated using various methods including a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling analysis kit and Western blotting for cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-xL. The phosphorylations of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as the level of NO were measured to confirm the effect of ucOC on insulin signaling pathway. RESULTS Pretreatment of ucOC (30 ng/ml) prevented LA-induced apoptosis in insulin-stimulated endothelial cells; effects were abolished by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin. Treatment of ucOC (ranged from 0.3 to 30 ng/ml) significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and nitric oxide secretion from endothelial cells in a PI3-kinase dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate the independent effect of ucOC on vascular endothelial cells. Our results further suggest that ucOC could have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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92
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Crowther NJ, Hough FS, Ferris WF. The interrelationship between bone and fat: from cellular see-saw to endocrine reciprocity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2331-49. [PMID: 23178849 PMCID: PMC11113730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of mature osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes in bone is influenced by the differentiation of the common mesenchymal progenitor cell towards one phenotype and away from the other. Consequently, factors which promote adipogenesis not only lead to fatty marrow but also inhibit osteoblastogenesis, resulting in decreased osteoblast numbers, diminished bone formation and, potentially, inadequate bone mass and osteoporosis. In addition to osteoblast and bone adipocyte numbers being influenced by this skewing of progenitor cell differentiation towards one phenotype, mature osteoblasts and adipocytes secrete factors which may evoke changes in the cell fate and function of each other. This review examines the endogenous factors, such as PPAR-γ2, Wnt, IGF-1, GH, FGF-2, oestrogen, the GP130 signalling cytokines, vitamin D and glucocorticoids, which regulate the selection between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis and the interrelationship between fat and bone. The role of adipokines on bone, such as adiponectin and leptin, as well as adipose-derived oestrogen, is reviewed and the role of bone as an energy regulating endocrine organ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - N. J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 South Africa
| | - F. S. Hough
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - W. F. Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
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93
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de Luca A, Debiais F, Christin P, Hankard R. Effet de la sensibilité à l’insuline sur la minéralisation osseuse de l’enfant obèse prépubère. Arch Pediatr 2013; 20:565-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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94
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Lenders CM, Lee PDK, Feldman HA, Wilson DM, Abrams SH, Gitelman SE, Klish WJ, Wertz MS, Taylor GA, Alongi RT, Chen TC, Holick MF. A cross-sectional study of osteocalcin and body fat measures among obese adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:808-14. [PMID: 23712984 PMCID: PMC4854645 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteocalcin (OCN), a marker of osteoblast activity, has been implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton and thus may affect body fat measures. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships of OCN to body fat measures and whether they vary according to markers of energy and vitamin D metabolism. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 58 obese adolescents aged 13-17.9 years (38 females, 8 black or African-American). Total fat mass (FM) [dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)] and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [computerized axial tomography (CT)] were calculated. Blood tests included leptin, OCN, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid function tests, and triglycerides. Markers of glucose metabolism were obtained from fasting and OGTT samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with 25(OH)D <20 ng mL(-1) were considered deficient (n = 17/58); none had high PTH (PTH ≥ 65 pg mL(-1) ). OCN was associated with lower VAT (-84.27 ± 33.89 mm(2) ) and BMI (-0.10 ± 0.05 kg m(-2) ), not FM (P = 0.597) in a core model including age, sex, race, geographic latitude, summer, height z-score, and tanner stage. Adding 25(OH)D deficiency and PTH attenuated the inverse association of OCN to VAT. There was a significant interaction of OCN and 25(OH)D deficiency on FM (0.37 ± 0.18 kg, P = 0.041) and BMI (0.28 ± 0.10 kg m(-2) , P = 0.007) in this adjusted model, which was further explained by leptin. Adding A1C to the core model modified the relationship of OCN to VAT (-93.08 ± 35.05 mm(2) , P = 0.011), which was further explained by HOMA-IR. In summary, these findings provide initial evidence for a relationship between OCN and body fat measures that is dependent on energy metabolism and vitamin D status among obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine M Lenders
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
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95
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Guo LJ, Jiang TJ, Liao L, Liu H, He HB. Relationship between serum omentin-1 level and bone mineral density in girls with anorexia nervosa. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:190-4. [PMID: 22714099 DOI: 10.3275/8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) have low bone mineral density (BMD). Omentin- 1, the main circulating adipocytokine, plays an important role in bone metabolism in healthy individuals. However, their association with bone metabolism in AN is unknown. METHODS Serum omentin-1, bone turnover biochemical markers, and BMD were determined in 26 girls with AN and 24 healthy girls (15-18 years old). RESULTS Omentin-1 levels increased in AN subjects, and the differences became greater after controlling for fat mass. Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with BMD. In the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, omentin-1, body mass index and lean mass, but not fat mass, were independent predictors of BMD for the combined group. Significant negative correlations were found between omentin-1 and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, bone cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen. Omentin-1 was also independently associated with BMD and bone turnover markers in the AN and control groups considered separately. CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 was an independent predictor of BMD in adolescents with AN, and negatively correlated with bone turnover markers. This suggested that omentin-1 may exert a negative effect on bone mass by inhibiting bone formation in girls with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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96
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WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments. Nat Med 2013; 19:179-92. [PMID: 23389618 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1413] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low bone mass and strength lead to fragility fractures, for example, in elderly individuals affected by osteoporosis or children with osteogenesis imperfecta. A decade ago, rare human mutations affecting bone negatively (osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome) or positively (high-bone mass phenotype, sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease) have been identified and found to all reside in components of the canonical WNT signaling machinery. Mouse genetics confirmed the importance of canonical Wnt signaling in the regulation of bone homeostasis, with activation of the pathway leading to increased, and inhibition leading to decreased, bone mass and strength. The importance of WNT signaling for bone has also been highlighted since then in the general population in numerous genome-wide association studies. The pathway is now the target for therapeutic intervention to restore bone strength in millions of patients at risk for fracture. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which WNT signalng regulates bone homeostasis.
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97
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Vander Heyden L, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Detilleux J, Sandersen C, Chavatte P, Paris J, Deliège B, Serteyn D. Association of breeding conditions with prevalence of osteochondrosis in foals. Vet Rec 2013; 172:68. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Vander Heyden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - J-P. Lejeune
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - I. Caudron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - J. Detilleux
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Quantitative Genetics; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - C. Sandersen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - P. Chavatte
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - J. Paris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - B. Deliège
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - D. Serteyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
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98
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Méquinion M, Langlet F, Zgheib S, Dickson S, Dehouck B, Chauveau C, Viltart O. Ghrelin: central and peripheral implications in anorexia nervosa. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:15. [PMID: 23549309 PMCID: PMC3581855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing clinical and therapeutic interest in the neurobiology of eating disorders reflects their dramatic impact on health. Chronic food restriction resulting in severe weight loss is a major symptom described in restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, and they also suffer from metabolic disturbances, infertility, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Restrictive AN, mostly observed in young women, is the third largest cause of chronic illness in teenagers of industrialized countries. From a neurobiological perspective, AN-linked behaviors can be considered an adaptation that permits the endurance of reduced energy supply, involving central and/or peripheral reprograming. The severe weight loss observed in AN patients is accompanied by significant changes in hormones involved in energy balance, feeding behavior, and bone formation, all of which can be replicated in animals models. Increasing evidence suggests that AN could be an addictive behavior disorder, potentially linking defects in the reward mechanism with suppressed food intake, heightened physical activity, and mood disorder. Surprisingly, the plasma levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone that drives food-motivated behavior, are increased. This increase in plasma ghrelin levels seems paradoxical in light of the restrained eating adopted by AN patients, and may rather result from an adaptation to the disease. The aim of this review is to describe the role played by ghrelin in AN focusing on its central vs. peripheral actions. In AN patients and in rodent AN models, chronic food restriction induces profound alterations in the « ghrelin » signaling that leads to the development of inappropriate behaviors like hyperactivity or addiction to food starvation and therefore a greater depletion in energy reserves. The question of a transient insensitivity to ghrelin and/or a potential metabolic reprograming is discussed in regard of new clinical treatments currently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Méquinion
- UMR INSERM 837, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal BrainLille, France
| | - Fanny Langlet
- UMR INSERM 837, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal BrainLille, France
| | - Sara Zgheib
- Pathophysiology of inflammatory of bone diseases, Université Lille Nord de France-ULCO – Lille 2Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Suzanne Dickson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bénédicte Dehouck
- UMR INSERM 837, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal BrainLille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France – Université d’ArtoisLiévin, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Pathophysiology of inflammatory of bone diseases, Université Lille Nord de France-ULCO – Lille 2Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- UMR INSERM 837, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal BrainLille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France-USTL (Lille 1)Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- *Correspondence: Odile Viltart, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Team 2, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, UMR INSERM 837, Bât Biserte, 1 place de Verdun, 59,045 Lille cedex, France. e-mail:
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99
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Starup-Linde J. Diabetes, biochemical markers of bone turnover, diabetes control, and bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:21. [PMID: 23482417 PMCID: PMC3591742 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is known to have late complications including micro vascular and macro vascular disease. This review focuses on another possible area of complication regarding diabetes; bone. Diabetes may affect bone via bone structure, bone density, and biochemical markers of bone turnover. The aim of the present review is to examine in vivo from humans on biochemical markers of bone turnover in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Furthermore, the effect of glycemic control on bone markers and the similarities and differences of type 1- and type 2-diabetics regarding bone markers will be evaluated. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and SveMed+ with the search terms: "Diabetes mellitus," "Diabetes mellitus type 1," "Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus," "Diabetes mellitus type 2," "Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus," "Bone," "Bone and Bones," "Bone diseases," "Bone turnover," "Hemoglobin A Glycosylated," and "HbA1C." After removing duplicates from this search 1,188 records were screened by title and abstract and 75 records were assessed by full text for inclusion in the review. In the end 43 records were chosen. Bone formation and resorption markers are investigated as well as bone regulating systems. T1D is found to have lower osteocalcin and CTX, while osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid are found to be lower in T2D, and sclerostin is increased and collagen turnover markers altered. Other bone turnover markers do not seem to be altered in T1D or T2D. A major problem is the lack of histomorphometric studies in humans linking changes in turnover markers to actual changes in bone turnover and further research is needed to strengthen this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Starup-Linde
- Faculty of Health, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital THGAarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jakob Starup-Linde, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital THG, Tage Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. e-mail:
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100
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Metabolism and the heart: An overview of muscle, fat, and bone metabolism in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 162:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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