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Luque-Ortega JR, Rivas L. Characterization of the leishmanicidal activity of antimicrobial peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 618:393-420. [PMID: 20094878 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-594-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the basic methodology to assay the activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on Leishmania, a human protozoan parasite. The protocols included can be methodologically divided into two major blocks. The first one addresses the basic technology for growth of the different stages of Leishmania, assessment of leishmanicidal activity, and monitoring of plasma membrane permeabilization. The second block encompasses the monitoring of bioenergetic parameters of the parasite, visualization of structural damage by transmission electron microscopy, or those methods more closely related to the involvement of intracellular AMP targets, as subcellular localization of the peptide and induction of parasite apoptosis.
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Balunas MJ, Linington RG, Tidgewell K, Fenner AM, Ureña LD, Togna GD, Kyle DE, Gerwick WH. Dragonamide E, a modified linear lipopeptide from Lyngbya majuscula with antileishmanial activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:60-6. [PMID: 20030365 PMCID: PMC2834186 DOI: 10.1021/np900622m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical parasitic and infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis, pose enormous global health threats, but are largely neglected in commercial drug discovery programs. However, the Panama International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) has been working to identify novel treatments for malaria, Chagas' disease, and leishmaniasis through an investigation of plants and microorganisms from Panama. We have pursued activity-guided isolation from an extract of Lyngbya majuscula that was found to be active against leishmaniasis. A new modified linear peptide from the dragonamide series was isolated, dragonamide E (1), along with two known modified linear peptides, dragonamide A (2) and herbamide B (3). Dragonamides A and E and herbamide B exhibited antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 6.5, 5.1, and 5.9 microM, respectively. Spectroscopic and stereochemical data for dragonamide E (1) and herbamide B (3; the spectroscopic and stereochemical data for this substance is incomplete in the literature) are presented as well as comparisons of biological activity within the dragonamide compound family. Biosynthetic differences among marine compounds with a terminal free amide are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy J. Balunas
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Ancón, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá
| | - Roger G. Linington
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Ancón, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá
| | - Kevin Tidgewell
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Amanda M. Fenner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Ancón, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá
| | - Luis-David Ureña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852 Panamá
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Ancón, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1-858-534-0578. Fax: +1-858-534-0529.
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El-On J, Ozer L, Gopas J, Sneir R, Golan-Goldhirsh A. Nuphar lutea: in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:788-792. [PMID: 19303752 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several anti-leishmanial drugs of choice are of plant origin. Many of the available drugs against the disease are toxic and in certain cases parasite drug resistance is developed. The development of new compounds is urgently required. AIMS OF THE STUDY To determine the leishmanicidal activity of the Nuphar lutea plant extract against Leishmania major in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leishmanicidal activity of methanolic plant extract against L. major free living promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes was evaluated, using microscopic examinations and the enzymatic XTT assay. RESULTS Methanolic extract of N. lutea was highly effective against both Leishmania promastigotes and L. amastigotes (IC(50)=2+/-0.12 microg/ml; ID(50)=0.65+/-0.02 3 microg/ml; LD(50)=2.1+/-0.096 microg/ml, STI=3.23). The extract at 1.25 microg/ml totally eliminated the intracellular parasites within 3 days of treatment. Also, a synergistic anti-leishmanial activity was demonstrated with N. lutea extract combined with the anti-leishmanial drug--paromomycin. The partially purified N. lutea active component was found to be a thermo-stable alkaloid(s) with no electrical charge and is resistant to boiling and to methanol, dichloromethane and xylene treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that N. lutea might be a potential source of anti-leishmanial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El-On
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Laboratory of Parasitology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Choi KM, Gang J, Yun J. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii RH strain activity of herbal extracts used in traditional medicine. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32:360-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He YM, Wang WJ, Chen WH, Ying J, He CY, Ma YY, Liu Y, Li YS. [Effects of Pollen Typhae total flavone on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:593-5. [PMID: 17090374 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Pollen Typhae total flavone (PTF) on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS The content of glucose which disappeared from the culture medium after incubation with drugs for 24 hours was determined as glucose consumption of the cells. The activity of cells was detected by XTT method. The transport of glucose was observed by (3)H-glucose uptake method. The efflux of free fatty acid (FFA) from adipocytes was observed by the concentration of FFA in the culture medium. RESULTS The glucose concentration in culture medium was significantly decreased with a concentration-dependent effect, when PTF concentrations were from 0.025 g/L to 0.4 g/L. The toxic effect on cells appeared while PTF concentration was 0.4 g/L, and the MTT value decreased. PTF also significantly increased glucose transportation in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes as rosiglitazone (ROS) did. At the same time, FFA concentration in culture medium was significantly decreased as compared to the normal control group, while ROS-treated group did not show any difference. CONCLUSION PTF can increase insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose transportation and consumption in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as decreasing the FFA efflux from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming He
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Ganguly S, Bandyopadhyay S, Sarkar A, Chatterjee M. Development of a semi-automated colorimetric assay for screening anti-leishmanial agents. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 66:79-86. [PMID: 16316700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MTS or {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl}-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) is converted into soluble formazan by mitochondrial dehydrogenase of viable cells, thus serving as an indicator of cell viability. Accordingly, a MTS-based assay was developed to evaluate anti-leishmanial activity in Leishmania promastigotes from strains responsible for visceral, cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The assay was initially optimized for the appropriate wavelength (490 nm), culture medium (M-199), incubation time (3 h) and temperature (37 degrees C). Increasing absorbance with increasing cell density confirmed linearity of the assay that was maintained up to 2.5 x 10(6) cells/200 microl. The growth kinetics of six L. donovani strains and six non-L. donovani strains consistently indicated higher absorbances in the L. donovani strains highlighting the importance of strain-specific customization of the MTS assay. The IC(50) values (i.e., the concentration at which 50% of growth was inhibited) of amphotericin B, miltefosine and pentamidine isethionate obtained by the MTS assay corroborated with previously published data. Taken together, the MTS assay thus permits a simple, reproducible and reliable semi-automated method for evaluating cell viability, effective for drug-screening and growth kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Ganguly
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B Acharya J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700 020, West Bengal, India
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Torres-Mendoza D, González J, Ortega-Barría E, Heller MV, Capson TL, McPhail K, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Weakly antimalarial flavonol arabinofuranosides from Calycolpus warszewiczianus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:826-8. [PMID: 16724851 DOI: 10.1021/np050484i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new flavonol arabinosides (2-4) were isolated from the young leaves of Calycolpus warszewiczianus. The structures were determined as myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' '-acetylarabinofuranoside (2), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' ',5' '-diacetylarabinofuranoside (3), and 5-galloylquercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4). Molecular structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR and MS data. Two known compounds, myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (1) and (-)-epi-catechin (5), were also isolated. The compounds were tested in vitro against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania mexicana, and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. Compound 4 demonstrated weak activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum (14.5 microM), whereas none of the compounds demonstrated activity against L. mexicana and T. cruzi at the concentrations of 40 and 50 microg/mL, respectively, and no cytotoxicity was detected against mammalian cells below 100 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Rüegg T, Calderón AI, Queiroz EF, Solís PN, Marston A, Rivas F, Ortega-Barría E, Hostettmann K, Gupta MP. 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is a new anti-Helicobacter pylori compound from Piper multiplinervium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:461-7. [PMID: 16266794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new prenylated salicylic acid derivative, 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxy benzoic acid (1), was isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae). It showed anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC 37.5 microg/ml) and antimicrobial activity at MICs between 2.5 and 5 microg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Its structure was elucidated by means of MS, 1H and 13C NMR. The ethnomedical claim of Piper multiplinervium to treat stomach aches by the Kuna Indians of Panama may be justified by anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of its MeOH extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rüegg
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Apartado 10767, Panama, Panama
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Solís PN, Olmedo D, Nakamura N, Calderón ÁI, Hattori M, Gupta MP. A New Larvicidal Lignan from Piper fimbriulatum. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2005; 43:378-381. [PMID: 28925841 DOI: 10.1080/13880200590951865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new lignan, 3,4,5'-trimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-7,9':7',9 diepoxylignan (1) (6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-c.]furan-1-yl]-4-methoxy-benzo[ ] dioxole) together with two known lignans, 7'-epi.-sesartemin (2) and diayangambin (3), and a known flavonoid, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (4), were isolated from the leaves of Piper fimbriulatum. C. DC. Their structures were assigned by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. 7'-epi.-Sesartemin (2) showed the highest larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. (LC100 17.6 µg/ml) and weak antiplasmodial (IC50 7.0 µg/ml) and antitrypanosomal (IC50 39.0 µg/ml) activities. None of the compounds was active against Leishmania mexicana..
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo N Solís
- a Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republica de Panamá
| | - Dionisio Olmedo
- a Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republica de Panamá
| | - Norio Nakamura
- b Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ángela I Calderón
- a Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republica de Panamá
| | - Masao Hattori
- b Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mahabir P Gupta
- a Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republica de Panamá
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