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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Dupre TV, Doll MA, Shah PP, Sharp CN, Siow D, Megyesi J, Shayman J, Bielawska A, Bielawski J, Beverly LJ, Hernandez-Corbacho M, Clarke CJ, Snider AJ, Schnellmann RG, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Siskind LJ. Inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase exacerbates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1439-1452. [PMID: 28490444 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting from chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, remains an obstacle in the treatment of cancer. Cisplatin-induced AKI involves apoptotic and necrotic cell death, pathways regulated by sphingolipids such as ceramide and glucosylceramide. Results from this study indicate that C57BL/6J mice treated with cisplatin had increased ceramide and hexosylceramide levels in the renal cortex 72 h following cisplatin treatment. Pretreatment of mice with inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase and de novo ceramide synthesis (amitriptyline and myriocin, respectively) prevented accumulation of ceramides and hexosylceramide in the renal cortex and protected from cisplatin-induced AKI. To determine the role of ceramide metabolism to hexosylceramides in kidney injury, we treated mice with a potent and highly specific inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the glycosylation of ceramides to form glucosylceramides. Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase attenuated the accumulation of the hexosylceramides and exacerbated ceramide accumulation in the renal cortex following treatment of mice with cisplatin. Increasing ceramides and decreasing glucosylceramides in the renal cortex sensitized mice to cisplatin-induced AKI according to markers of kidney function, kidney injury, inflammation, cell stress, and apoptosis. Under conditions of high ceramide generation, data suggest that metabolism of ceramides to glucosylceramides buffers kidney ceramides and helps attenuate kidney injury.-Dupre, T. V., M. A. Doll, P. P. Shah, C. N. Sharp, D. Siow, J. Megyesi, J. Shayman, A. Bielawska, J. Bielawski, L. J. Beverly, M. Hernandez-Corbacho, C. J. Clarke, A. J. Snider, R. G. Schnellmann, L. M. Obeid, Y. A. Hannun, and L. J. Siskind. Inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase exacerbates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. J. Lipid Res 2017. 58: 1439-1452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess V Dupre
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Mark A Doll
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Parag P Shah
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Cierra N Sharp
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Deanna Siow
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Judit Megyesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - James Shayman
- Department Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alicja Bielawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lipidomics Shared Resources, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lipidomics Shared Resources, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
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53
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Liu Y, Hong H, Lu X, Wang W, Liu F, Yang H. L-Ascorbic Acid Protected Against Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis Induced by Cobalt Nanoparticles Through ROS Attenuation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:428-439. [PMID: 27377067 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) and cobalt ions (Co2+) are the most serious syndrome in the patients with metal-on-metal hip prostheses. Therefore, an urgent need exists for the identification of the mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies to limit it. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of this damage and to demonstrate if L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) could protect against the cell toxicities induced by CoNPs and Co2+ in vitro. With CoNPs and Co2+ treatment, cell viability was significantly decreased; the ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in mitochondria was dramatically increased in CoNPs treated cells, but cobalt ions could barely induce the ROS. Consistently, the level of cell apoptosis was increased with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors (caspases 8, 9, and 3, and Bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Besides that, the levels of cytochrome c and AIF were increased and released from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. After the cells were pretreated with L-AA, the cell viability decreased by CoNPs was reversed and the ROS induced by CoNPs was suppressed. The level of cell apoptosis induced by CoNPs was decreased as well. But it could not reverse the effects induced by Co2+. These studies demonstrated that CoNPs induce extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways via generation of ROS, and L-AA could prevent the cytotoxicity by reducing the level of ROS. While Co2+ may induce cytotoxicity through other signals, it could not be protected by L-AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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54
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Kuzmenko DI, Klimentyeva TK. Role of Ceramide in Apoptosis and Development of Insulin Resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:913-27. [PMID: 27682164 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916090017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on the functional biochemistry of ceramide, one of the key sphingolipids with properties of a secondary messenger. Molecular mechanisms of the involvement of ceramide in apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells and its role in the formation of insulin resistance in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes are reviewed. One of the main predispositions for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes is obesity, which is associated with ectopic fat deposition and significant increase in intracellular concentrations of cytotoxic ceramides. A possible approach to the restoration of tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes based on selective reduction of the content of cytotoxic ceramides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Kuzmenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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55
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Abstract
The sphingolipid family of lipids modulate several cellular processes, including proliferation, cell cycle regulation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and cell death. Several members of the sphingolipid pathway have opposing functions and thus imbalances in sphingolipid metabolism result in deregulated cellular processes, which cause or contribute to diseases and disorders in humans. A key cellular process regulated by sphingolipids is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Sphingolipids play an important role in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli, cell type and cellular response to the stress. During mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, multiple pathways converge on mitochondria and induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP results in the release of intermembrane space proteins such as cytochrome c and Apaf1 into the cytosol where they activate the caspases and DNases that execute cell death. The precise molecular components of the pore(s) responsible for MOMP are unknown, but sphingolipids are thought to play a role. Here, we review evidence for a role of sphingolipids in the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis with a focus on potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which altered sphingolipid metabolism indirectly or directly induce MOMP. Data available on these mechanisms is reviewed, and the focus and limitations of previous and current studies are discussed to present important unanswered questions and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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56
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Jain A, Beutel O, Ebell K, Korneev S, Holthuis JCM. Diverting CERT-mediated ceramide transport to mitochondria triggers Bax-dependent apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:360-371. [PMID: 27888218 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A deregulation of ceramide biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is frequently linked to induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Although in vitro studies suggest that ceramides might initiate cell death by acting directly on mitochondria, their actual contribution to the apoptotic response in living cells is unclear. Here, we have analyzed the consequences of targeting the biosynthetic flow of ceramides to mitochondria using a ceramide transfer protein (encoded by COL4A3BP) equipped with an OMM anchor, mitoCERT. Cells expressing mitoCERT import ceramides into mitochondria and undergo Bax-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis induction by mitoCERT was abolished through (i) removal of its ceramide transfer domain, (ii) disruption of its interaction with VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs) in the ER, (iii) addition of antagonistic CERT inhibitor HPA12, (iv) blocking de novo ceramide synthesis and (v) targeting of a bacterial ceramidase to mitochondria. Our data provide the first demonstration that translocation of ER ceramides to mitochondria specifically commits cells to death and establish mitoCERT as a valuable new tool to unravel the molecular principles underlying ceramide-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Jain
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Oliver Beutel
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Katharina Ebell
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Sergey Korneev
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany .,Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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57
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Ode T, Podyma-Inoue KA, Terasawa K, Inokuchi JI, Kobayashi T, Watabe T, Izumi Y, Hara-Yokoyama M. PDMP, a ceramide analogue, acts as an inhibitor of mTORC1 by inducing its translocation from lysosome to endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:103-114. [PMID: 27865938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes is essential for its activation. The ceramide analogue 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), a well known glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, also affects the structures and functions of various organelles, including lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We investigated whether PDMP regulates the mTORC1 activity through its effects on organellar behavior. PDMP induced the translocation of mTORC1 from late endosomes/lysosomes, leading to the dissociation of mTORC1 from its activator Rheb in MC3T3-E1 cells. Surprisingly, we found mTORC1 translocation to the ER upon PDMP treatment. This effect of PDMP was independent of its action as the inhibitor, since two stereoisomers of PDMP, with and without the inhibitor activity, showed essentially the same effect. We confirmed that PDMP inhibits the mTORC1 activity based on the decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a downstream target of mTORC1, and the increase in LC3 puncta, reflecting autophagosome formation. Furthermore, PDMP inhibited the mTORC1-dependent osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Accordingly, the present results reveal a novel mechanism of PDMP, which inhibits the mTORC1 activity by inducing the translocation of mTOR from lysosomes to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ode
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katarzyna A Podyma-Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazue Terasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Hara-Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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58
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Hernández-Corbacho MJ, Salama MF, Canals D, Senkal CE, Obeid LM. Sphingolipids in mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:56-68. [PMID: 27697478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids found in cell membranes that exert a critical role in signal transduction. In recent years, it has become apparent that sphingolipids participate in growth, senescence, differentiation and apoptosis. The anabolism and catabolism of sphingolipids occur in discrete subcellular locations and consist of a strictly regulated and interconnected network, with ceramide as the central hub. Altered sphingolipid metabolism is linked to several human diseases. Hence, an advanced knowledge of how and where sphingolipids are metabolized is of paramount importance in order to understand the role of sphingolipids in cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of sphingolipid metabolism. We focus on the distinct pathways of ceramide synthesis, highlighting the mitochondrial ceramide generation, transport of ceramide to mitochondria and its role in the regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitophagy and implications to disease. We will discuss unanswered questions and exciting future directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Hernández-Corbacho
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Daniel Canals
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Can E Senkal
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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59
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Role of sphingomyelinase in mitochondrial ceramide accumulation during reperfusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1955-63. [PMID: 27479697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide accumulation in mitochondria has been associated with reperfusion damage, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. In this work we investigate the role of sphingomyelinases in mitochondrial ceramide accumulation, its effect on reactive oxygen species production, as well as on mitochondrial function by using the sphingomyelinase inhibitor, tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609). Correlation between neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity and changes in ceramide content were performed in whole tissue and in isolated mitochondria from reperfused hearts. Overall results demonstrated that D609 treatment attenuates cardiac dysfuncion, mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress. Ceramide was accumulated in mitochondria, but not in the microsomal fraction of the ischemic-reperfused (I/R) group. In close association, the activity of nSMase increased, whereas glutathione (GSH) levels diminished in mitochondria after reperfusion. On the other hand, reduction of ceramide levels in mitochondria from I/R+D609 hearts correlated with diminished nSMase activity, coupling of oxidative phosphorylation and with mitochondrial integrity maintenance. These results suggest that mitochondrial nSMase activity contributes to compartmentation and further accumulation of ceramide in mitochondria, deregulating their function during reperfusion.
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60
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Sundaram K, Mather AR, Marimuthu S, Shah PP, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Loss of neutral ceramidase protects cells from nutrient- and energy -deprivation-induced cell death. Biochem J 2016; 473:743-55. [PMID: 26747710 PMCID: PMC5513154 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a family of lipids that regulate the cell cycle, differentiation and cell death. Sphingolipids are known to play a role in the induction of apoptosis, but a role for these lipids in necroptosis is largely unknown. Necroptosis is a programmed form of cell death that, unlike apoptosis, does not require ATP. Necroptosis can be induced under a variety of conditions, including nutrient deprivation and plays a major role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury to organs. Sphingolipids play a role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury in several organs. Thus, we hypothesized that sphingolipids mediate nutrient-deprivation-induced necroptosis. To address this, we utilized mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) treated with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and antimycin A (AA) to inhibit glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport. 2DG/AA treatment of MEFs induced necroptosis as it was receptor- interacting protein (RIP)-1/3 kinase-dependent and caspase-independent. Ceramides, sphingosine (Sph) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) were increased following 2DG/AA treatment. Cells lacking neutral ceramidase (nCDase(-/-)) were protected from 2DG/AA. Although nCDase(-/-) cells generated ceramides following 2DG/AA treatment, they did not generate Sph or S1P. This protection was stimulus-independent as nCDase(-/-) cells were also protected from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors [tunicamycin (TN) or thapsigargin (TG)]. nCDase(-/-) MEFs had higher autophagic flux and mitophagy than wild-type (WT) MEFs and inhibition of autophagy sensitized them to necroptosis. These data indicate that loss of nCDase protects cells from nutrient- deprivation-induced necroptosis via autophagy, and clearance of damaged mitochondria. Results suggest that nCDase is a mediator of necroptosis and might be a novel therapeutic target for protection from ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sundaram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Andrew R Mather
- University of South Carolina Medical School, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
| | - Subathra Marimuthu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A. James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, U.S.A. ∥Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, U.S.A
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, U.S.A. ∥Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, U.S.A
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, U.S.A
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A. James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A. Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A. James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A.
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61
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Clay HB, Parl AK, Mitchell SL, Singh L, Bell LN, Murdock DG. Altering the Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthesis (mtFASII) Pathway Modulates Cellular Metabolic States and Bioactive Lipid Profiles as Revealed by Metabolomic Profiling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151171. [PMID: 26963735 PMCID: PMC4786287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the presence of a cytosolic fatty acid synthesis pathway, mitochondria have retained their own means of creating fatty acids via the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII) pathway. The reason for its conservation has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, to better understand the role of mtFASII in the cell, we used thin layer chromatography to characterize the contribution of the mtFASII pathway to the fatty acid composition of selected mitochondrial lipids. Next, we performed metabolomic analysis on HeLa cells in which the mtFASII pathway was either hypofunctional (through knockdown of mitochondrial acyl carrier protein, ACP) or hyperfunctional (through overexpression of mitochondrial enoyl-CoA reductase, MECR). Our results indicate that the mtFASII pathway contributes little to the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial lipid species examined. Additionally, loss of mtFASII function results in changes in biochemical pathways suggesting alterations in glucose utilization and redox state. Interestingly, levels of bioactive lipids, including lysophospholipids and sphingolipids, directly correlate with mtFASII function, indicating that mtFASII may be involved in the regulation of bioactive lipid levels. Regulation of bioactive lipid levels by mtFASII implicates the pathway as a mediator of intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley B. Clay
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angelika K. Parl
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sabrina L. Mitchell
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Larry Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren N. Bell
- Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deborah G. Murdock
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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62
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Qiu L, Feng B, Ni Z, Wu X, Sun W. Exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field induced ceramide generation in cultured cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:215-21. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1144943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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63
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Colombini M. Ceramide channels and mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 49:57-64. [PMID: 26801188 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the permeability pathways in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), whose elucidation was pioneered by Kathleen Kinnally, there is one formed by the lipid, ceramide. Electron microscopic visualization shows that ceramide channels are large cylindrical structures of varying pore size, with a most frequent size of 10 nm in diameter, large enough to allow all soluble proteins to translocate between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Similar results were obtained with electrophysiological measurements. Studies of the dynamics of the channels are consistent with a right cylinder. Ceramide channels form at mole fractions of ceramide that are found in the MOM early in the apoptotic process, before or at the time of protein release from mitochondria. That these channels are good candidates for the protein release pathway is supported by the fact that channel formation is inhibited by anti-apoptotic proteins and favored by Bax. Bcl-xL inhibits ceramide channel formation by binding to the apolar ceramide tails using its hydrophobic grove. Bax interaction with the polar regions of ceramide results in MOM permeabilization through synergy with ceramide. Evidence that ceramide channels actually function to favor apoptosis in vivo is supported by the expression of Bcl-xL containing point mutations in cells induced to undergo apoptosis. The Bcl-xL mutants inhibit differentially Bax and ceramide channels and thus tease apart, to some extent, these two modes of MOM permeabilization. Ceramide channels have the right properties and appropriate regulation to be key players in the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombini
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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64
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Teixeira V, Costa V. Unraveling the role of the Target of Rapamycin signaling in sphingolipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:109-33. [PMID: 26703187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive molecules that regulate basic aspects of cellular metabolism and physiology, including cell growth, adhesion, migration, senescence, apoptosis, endocytosis, and autophagy in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Since they have the ability to modulate the activation of several proteins and signaling pathways, variations in the relative levels of different sphingolipid species result in important changes in overall cellular functions and fate. Sphingolipid metabolism and their route of synthesis are highly conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. Studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have served in many ways to foster our understanding of sphingolipid dynamics and their role in the regulation of cellular processes. In the past decade, studies in S. cerevisiae have unraveled a functional association between the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway and sphingolipids, showing that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) branches control temporal and spatial aspects of sphingolipid metabolism in response to physiological and environmental cues. In this review, we report recent findings in this emerging and exciting link between the TOR pathway and sphingolipids and implications in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have identified ceramide as a multifunctional central molecule in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Given its diverse tumor suppressive activities, molecular understanding of ceramide action will produce fundamental insights into processes that limit tumorigenesis and may identify key molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Ceramide can be activated by a diverse array of stresses such as heat shock, genotoxic damage, oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Ceramide triggers a variety of tumor suppressive and anti-proliferative cellular programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and necroptosis by activating or repressing key effector molecules. Defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer contribute to tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The potent and versatile anticancer activity profile of ceramide has motivated drug development efforts to (re-)activate ceramide in established tumors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of ceramide and highlights the potential downstream targets of ceramide which are involved in its tumor suppressive action.
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66
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Zhou K, Blom T. Trafficking and Functions of Bioactive Sphingolipids: Lessons from Cells and Model Membranes. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:11-20. [PMID: 26715852 PMCID: PMC4685176 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine and their phosphorylated counterparts are recognized as "bioactive sphingolipids" and modulate membrane integrity, the activity of enzymes, or act as ligands of G protein-coupled receptors. The subcellular distribution of the bioactive sphingolipids is central to their function as the same lipid can mediate diametrically opposite effects depending on its location. To ensure that these lipids are present in the right amount and in the appropriate organelles, cells employ selective lipid transport and compartmentalize sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes to characteristic subcellular sites. Our knowledge of key mechanisms involved in sphingolipid signaling and trafficking has increased substantially in the past decades-thanks to advances in biochemical and cell biological methods. In this review, we focus on the bioactive sphingolipids and discuss how the combination of studies in cells and in model membranes have contributed to our understanding of how they behave and function in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Blom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Metabolic Conversion of Ceramides in HeLa Cells - A Cholesteryl Phosphocholine Delivery Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143385. [PMID: 26599810 PMCID: PMC4658033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides can be delivered to cultured cells without solvents in the form of complexes with cholesteryl phosphocholine. We have analysed the delivery of three different radiolabeled D-erythro-ceramides (C6-Cer, C10-Cer and C16-Cer) to HeLa cells, and followed their metabolism as well as the cell viability. We found that all three ceramides were successfully taken up by HeLa cells when complexed to CholPC in an equimolar ratio, and show that the ceramides show different rates of cellular uptake and metabolic fate. The C6-Cer had the highest incorporation rate, followed by C10-Cer and C16-Cer, respectively. The subsequent effect on cell viability strongly correlated with the rate of incorporation, where C6-Cer had the strongest apoptotic effects. Low-dose (1 μM) treatment with C6-Cer favoured conversion of the precursor to sphingomyelin, whereas higher concentrations (25–100 μM) yielded increased conversion to C6-glucosylceramide. Similar results were obtained for C10-Cer. In the lower-dose C16-Cer experiments, most of the precursor was degraded, whereas at high-dose concentrations the precursor remained un-metabolized. Using this method, we demonstrate that ceramides with different chain lengths clearly exhibit varying rates of cellular uptake. The cellular fate of the externally delivered ceramides are clearly connected to their rate of incorporation and their subsequent effects on cell viability may be in part determined by their chain length.
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68
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Perera MN, Ganesan V, Siskind LJ, Szulc ZM, Bielawska A, Bittman R, Colombini M. Ceramide channel: Structural basis for selective membrane targeting. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 194:110-116. [PMID: 26408265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A ceramide commonly found in mammalian cells, C16-ceramide (N-palmitoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine), is capable of forming large, protein-permeable channels in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). However, C16-ceramide is unable to permeabilize the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. This specificity is unexpected considering that ceramide forms channels in simple phosphoglycerolipid membranes. Synthetic analogs of C16-ceramide with targeted changes at each of the functional regions of the molecule including methylation, altered hydrocarbon chain length, and changes in the stereochemistry, were tested to probe the role of ceramide's molecular features on its ability to form channels in these two different membrane types. The ability to permeabilize the MOM was relatively insensitive to modifications of the various functional groups of ceramide whereas the same modifications resulted in plasma membrane permeabilization (a gain of function rather than a loss of function). Some analogs (ceramine, NBD-labeled ceramide, C18,1 ceramide) gained another function, the ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase. The gain of deleterious functions indicates that constraints on the structure of ceramide that is formed by the cell's synthetic machinery includes the avoidance of deleterious interactions. We propose that the specific structure of ceramide limits the size of its interactome (both proteins and lipids) thus reducing the likelihood of unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville
| | - Zdzislaw M Szulc
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Alicja Bielawska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York, Queens College
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Ceramide channels: destabilization by Bcl-xL and role in apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015. [PMID: 26215742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that ceramides directly regulate a key initiation step in apoptosis: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP allows release of intermembrane space proteins to the cytosol, inducing the execution of the cell. Ceramides form channels in planar phospholipid membranes and outer membranes of isolated mitochondria, channels large enough to facilitate passage of proteins released during MOMP. Bcl-xL inhibits MOMP in vivo and inhibits the formation of ceramide channels in vitro. However the significance of Bcl-xL's regulation of ceramide channel formation within cells was untested. We engineered Bcl-xL point mutations that specifically affect the interaction between ceramide and Bcl-xL to probe the mechanism of ceramide channel regulation and the role of ceramide channels in apoptosis. Using these mutants and fluorescently-labeled ceramide, we identified the hydrophobic groove on Bcl-xL as the critical ceramide binding site and regulator of ceramide channel formation. Bcl-xL mutants with weakened interaction with ceramide also have reduced ability to interfere with ceramide channel formation. Some mutants have similar altered ability to inhibit both ceramide and Bax channel formation, whereas others act differentially, suggesting distinct but overlapping binding sites. To probe the relative importance of these channels in apoptosis, Bcl-xL mutant proteins were stably expressed in Bcl-xL deficient cells. Weakening the inhibition of either Bax or ceramide channels decreased the ability of Bcl-xL to protect cells from apoptosis in a stimulus-dependent manner. These studies provide the first in vivo evidence for the role of ceramide channels in MOMP.
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70
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Busschaert N, Caltagirone C, Van Rossom W, Gale PA. Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8038-155. [PMID: 25996028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Gale
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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71
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Wang W, Fromm M. Sphingolipids are required for efficient triacylglycerol loss in conjugated linoleic Acid treated adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119005. [PMID: 25906159 PMCID: PMC4407960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces adiposity in human and mouse adipocytes. This outcome is achieved through a variety of biological responses including increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, increased inflammation, repression of fatty acid biosynthesis, attenuated glucose transport, and apoptosis. In the current study, profiling of 261 metabolites was conducted to gain new insights into the biological pathways responding to CLA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sphinganine and sphingosine levels were observed to be highly elevated in CLA treated adipocytes. Exogenous chemicals that increased endogenous ceramide levels decreased lipid levels in adipocytes, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as NF-κB, both of which are typically activated in CLA treated adipocytes. Concurrent inhibition of ceramide de novo biosynthesis and recycling from existing sphingolipid pools attenuated the lipid lowering effect normally associated with responses to CLA, implicating ceramides as an important component of the lipid lowering response in CLA treated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael Fromm
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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72
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Regulation of ceramide channel formation and disassembly: Insights on the initiation of apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:760-72. [PMID: 26587005 PMCID: PMC4625378 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid research has surged in the past two decades and has produced a wide variety of evidence supporting the role of this class of molecules in mediating cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Ceramides are a subgroup of sphingolipids (SLs) that are directly involved in the process of initiation of apoptosis. We, and others, have recently shown that ceramides are capable of the formation of protein-permeable channels in mitochondrial outer membranes under physiological conditions. These pores are indeed good candidates for the pathway of release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) into the cytosol to initiate intrinsic apoptosis. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of ceramide channel formation and disassembly, highlighting possible implications on the initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Assembly and disassembly
- Bcl-2 family proteins
- Bcl-2, B cell CLL/lymphoma-2
- Cer, ceramide
- CerS, ceramide synthase
- Ceramide channels
- Chain length
- DES, dihydroceramide desaturase
- DHCer, dihydroceramide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- IMS, intermembrane space
- KSR, 3-ketosphinganine reductase
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeability
- Mitochondria
- SLs, sphingolipids
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase
- So, sphingosine
- Sphingolipids
- de novo synthesis
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73
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Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency accelerates mitochondrial apoptosis by activating ceramide synthase 6. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1691. [PMID: 25766330 PMCID: PMC4385940 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous pathogenic changes within the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) have been associated with an elevated occurrence of apoptosis within the affected tissues, the mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction initiates apoptotic cell death is still unknown. In this study, we show that the specific alteration of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX), representing a common defect found in mitochondrial diseases, facilitates mitochondrial apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Our data identified an increased ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) activity as an important pro-apoptotic response to COX dysfunction induced either by chemical or genetic approaches. The elevated CerS6 activity resulted in accumulation of the pro-apoptotic C16 : 0 ceramide, which facilitates the mitochondrial apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Accordingly, inhibition of CerS6 or its specific knockdown diminished the increased susceptibility of COX-deficient cells to oxidative stress. Our results provide new insights into how mitochondrial RC dysfunction mechanistically interferes with the apoptotic machinery. On the basis of its pivotal role in regulating cell death upon COX dysfunction, CerS6 might potentially represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in mitochondrial diseases caused by COX dysfunction.
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74
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Khavandgar Z, Murshed M. Sphingolipid metabolism and its role in the skeletal tissues. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:959-69. [PMID: 25424644 PMCID: PMC11114007 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The regulators affecting skeletal tissue formation and its maintenance include a wide array of molecules with very diverse functions. More recently, sphingolipids have been added to this growing list of regulatory molecules in the skeletal tissues. Sphingolipids are integral parts of various lipid membranes present in the cells and organelles. For a long time, these macromolecules were considered as inert structural elements. This view, however, has radically changed in recent years as sphingolipids are now recognized as important second messengers for signal-transduction pathways that affect cell growth, differentiation, stress responses and programmed death. In the current review, we discuss the available data showing the roles of various sphingolipids in three different skeletal cell types-chondrocytes in cartilage and osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone. We provide an overview of the biology of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), an important regulator of sphingolipid metabolism in the skeleton. SMPD3 is localized in the plasma membrane and has been shown to cleave sphingomyelin to generate ceramide, a bioactive lipid second messenger, and phosphocholine, an essential nutrient. SMPD3 deficiency in mice impairs the mineralization in both cartilage and bone extracellular matrices leading to severe skeletal deformities. A detailed understanding of SMPD3 function may provide a novel insight on the role of sphingolipids in the skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
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75
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Barbarroja N, Vidal-Puig A. Dihydroceramide desaturase 1, the gatekeeper of ceramide induced lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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76
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Axpe E, García-Arribas AB, Mujika JI, Mérida D, Alonso A, Lopez X, García JA, Ugalde JM, Goñi FM, Plazaola F. Ceramide increases free volume voids in DPPC membranes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) that ceramide increases the size of the free volume holes in DPPC lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Axpe
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | | | - J. I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - D. Mérida
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | - A. Alonso
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC
- UPV/EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica
| | - X. Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - J. A. García
- Department of Applied Physics II
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | - J. M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - F. M. Goñi
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC
- UPV/EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica
| | - F. Plazaola
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
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Simultaneous active intracellular delivery of doxorubicin and C6-ceramide shifts the additive/antagonistic drug interaction of non-encapsulated combination. J Control Release 2014; 196:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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Stiban J, Perera M. Very long chain ceramides interfere with C16-ceramide-induced channel formation: A plausible mechanism for regulating the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:561-7. [PMID: 25462172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria mediate both cell survival and death. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated by the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane to pro-apoptotic inter-membrane space (IMS) proteins. Many pathways cause the egress of IMS proteins. Of particular interest is the ability of ceramide to self-assemble into dynamic water-filled channels. The formation of ceramide channels is regulated extensively by Bcl-2 family proteins and dihydroceramide. Here, we show that the chain length of biologically active ceramides serves as an important regulatory factor. Ceramides are synthesized by a family of six mammalian ceramide synthases (CerS) each of which produces a subset of ceramides that differ in their fatty acyl chain length. Various ceramides permeabilize mitochondria differentially. Interestingly, the presence of very long chain ceramides reduces the potency of C16-mediated mitochondrial permeabilization indicating that the intercalation of the lipids in the dynamic channel has a destabilizing effect, reminiscent of dihydroceramide inhibition of ceramide channel formation (Stiban et al., 2006). Moreover, mitochondria isolated from cells overexpressing the ceramide synthase responsible for the production of C16-ceramide (CerS5) are permeabilized faster upon the exogenous addition of C16-ceramide whereas they are resistant to permeabilization with added C24-ceramide. On the other hand mitochondria isolated from CerS2-overexpressing cells show the opposite pattern, indicating that the product of CerS2 inhibits C16-channel formation ex vivo and vice versa. This interplay between different ceramide metabolic enzymes and their products adds a new dimension to the complexity of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and emphasizes its role as a key regulatory step that commits cells to life or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank 627, Palestine.
| | - Meenu Perera
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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79
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Telenga ED, Hoffmann RF, Ruben t'Kindt, Hoonhorst SJM, Willemse BWM, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH, van den Berge M, Jorge L, Sandra P, Postma DS, Sandra K, ten Hacken NHT. Untargeted lipidomic analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Uncovering sphingolipids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:155-64. [PMID: 24871890 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2210oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipidomics is a novel and emerging research field that may provide new insights in the origins of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as COPD. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether expression of the sputum lipidome is affected by COPD or cigarette smoking. METHODS Lipid expression was investigated with liquid chromatography and high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in induced sputum comparing smokers with and without COPD, and never-smokers. Changes in lipid expression after 2-month smoking cessation were investigated in smokers with and without COPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS More than 1,500 lipid compounds were identified in sputum. The class of sphingolipids was significantly higher expressed in smokers with COPD than in smokers without COPD. At single compound level, 168 sphingolipids, 36 phosphatidylethanolamine lipids, and 5 tobacco-related compounds were significantly higher expressed in smokers with COPD compared with smokers without COPD. The 13 lipids with a high fold change between smokers with and without COPD showed high correlations with lower lung function and inflammation in sputum. Twenty (glyco)sphingolipids and six tobacco-related compounds were higher expressed in smokers without COPD compared with never-smokers. Two-month smoking cessation reduced expression of 26 sphingolipids in smokers with and without COPD. CONCLUSIONS Expression of lipids from the sphingolipid pathway is higher in smokers with COPD compared with smokers without COPD. Considering their potential biologic properties, they may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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80
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Lei X, Bone RN, Ali T, Zhang S, Bohrer A, Tse HM, Bidasee KR, Ramanadham S. Evidence of contribution of iPLA2β-mediated events during islet β-cell apoptosis due to proinflammatory cytokines suggests a role for iPLA2β in T1D development. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3352-64. [PMID: 25004092 PMCID: PMC4138580 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of islet β-cells, but the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this process are incompletely understood, especially the role of lipid signals generated by β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in β-cells and we previously found that the Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) participates in ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. In view of reports of elevated iPLA2β in T1D, we examined if iPLA2β participates in cytokine-mediated islet β-cell apoptosis. We find that the proinflammatory cytokine combination IL-1β+IFNγ, induces: a) ER stress, mSREBP-1, and iPLA2β, b) lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) generation, c) neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSMase2), d) ceramide accumulation, e) mitochondrial membrane decompensation, f) caspase-3 activation, and g) β-cell apoptosis. The presence of a sterol regulatory element in the iPLA2β gene raises the possibility that activation of SREBP-1 after proinflammatory cytokine exposure contributes to iPLA2β induction. The IL-1β+IFNγ-induced outcomes (b-g) are all inhibited by iPLA2β inactivation, suggesting that iPLA2β-derived lipid signals contribute to consequential islet β-cell death. Consistent with this possibility, ER stress and β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines are exacerbated in islets from RIP-iPLA2β-Tg mice and blunted in islets from iPLA2β-KO mice. These observations suggest that iPLA2β-mediated events participate in amplifying β-cell apoptosis due to proinflammatory cytokines and also that iPLA2β activation may have a reciprocal impact on ER stress development. They raise the possibility that iPLA2β inhibition, leading to ameliorations in ER stress, apoptosis, and immune responses resulting from LPC-stimulated immune cell chemotaxis, may be beneficial in preserving β-cell mass and delaying/preventing T1D evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Lei
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (X.L., T.A., S.R.), Pathology (R.N.B.), Microbiology (H.M.T.), and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (X.L., R.N.B., T.A., H.M.T., S.R.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Medicine (S.Z., A.B.), Mass Spectrometry Resource and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110; and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience (K.R.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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81
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Payne AW, Pant DK, Pan TC, Chodosh LA. Ceramide kinase promotes tumor cell survival and mammary tumor recurrence. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6352-63. [PMID: 25164007 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent breast cancer is typically an incurable disease and, as such, is disproportionately responsible for deaths from this disease. Recurrent breast cancers arise from the pool of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) that survive adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, and patients with detectable DTCs following therapy are at substantially increased risk for recurrence. Consequently, the identification of pathways that contribute to the survival of breast cancer cells following therapy could aid in the development of more effective therapies that decrease the burden of residual disease and thereby reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. We now report that ceramide kinase (Cerk) is required for mammary tumor recurrence following HER2/neu pathway inhibition and is spontaneously upregulated during tumor recurrence in multiple genetically engineered mouse models for breast cancer. We find that Cerk is rapidly upregulated in tumor cells following HER2/neu downregulation or treatment with Adriamycin and that Cerk is required for tumor cell survival following HER2/neu downregulation. Consistent with our observations in mouse models, analysis of gene expression profiles from more than 2,200 patients revealed that elevated CERK expression is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in women with breast cancer. In addition, although CERK expression is associated with aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, including those that are estrogen receptor-negative, HER2(+), basal-like, or high grade, its association with poor clinical outcome is independent of these clinicopathologic variables. Together, our findings identify a functional role for Cerk in breast cancer recurrence and suggest the clinical utility of agents targeted against this prosurvival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania W Payne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhruv K Pant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tien-Chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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82
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Xuan LL, Shi J, Yao CS, Bai JY, Qu F, Zhang JL, Hou Q. Vam3, a resveratrol dimer, inhibits cigarette smoke-induced cell apoptosis in lungs by improving mitochondrial function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:779-91. [PMID: 24747163 PMCID: PMC4086386 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Vam3 (a resveratrol dimer extracted from Vitis amurensis Rupr) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cell apoptosis in lungs in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC, 300 mg/L), and cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined with TMRE staining. ROS and ceramide levels were detected with DCFH-DA fluorescence and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Cytochrome c release was detected using immunofluorescence. Caspase-9 and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 expression was measured with Western blotting. The breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 stably expressing GFP-tagged Bax was used to elucidate the role of mitochondria in CS-induced apoptosis. For in vivo study, male mice were exposed to CS for 5 min twice a day for 4 weeks. The mice were orally administered Vam3 (50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or resveratrol (30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) each day 1 h before the first CS exposure. RESULTS Pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with Vam3 (5 μmol/L) or resveratrol (5 μmol/L) significantly suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis, and prevented CSC-induced Bax level increase in the mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with Vam3 or resveratrol significantly suppressed CSC-stimulated intracellular ceramide production, and CSC-induced upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2, the enzyme responsible for ceramide production in bronchial epithelial cells. Similar results were obtained in C6-pyridinium ceramide-induced apoptosis of GFP-Bax-stable MCF7 cells in vitro, and in the lungs of CS-exposed mice that were treated with oral administration of Vam3 or resveratrol. CONCLUSION Vam3 protects bronchial epithelial cells from CS-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chun-suo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-ye Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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83
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Mignard V, Lalier L, Paris F, Vallette FM. Bioactive lipids and the control of Bax pro-apoptotic activity. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1266. [PMID: 24874738 PMCID: PMC4047880 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key regulators of cell physiology through the control of many aspects of cellular life and survival. In particular, lipids have been implicated at different levels and through many different mechanisms in the cell death program called apoptosis. Here, we discuss the action of lipids in the regulation of the activation and the integration of Bax into the mitochondrial outer membrane, a key pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family. We describe how, during apoptosis, lipids can act simultaneously or in parallel as receptors or ligands for Bax to stimulate or inhibit its pro-death activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mignard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Lalier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - F Paris
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - F M Vallette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
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84
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Preuss KD, Fadle N, Regitz E, Held G, Pfreundschuh M. Inactivation of protein-phosphatase 2A causing hyperphosphorylation of autoantigenic paraprotein targets in MGUS/MM is due to an exchange of its regulatory subunits. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2046-53. [PMID: 24676687 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 (pP-7) carrier state is the strongest molecularly defined risk factor for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). pP-7 is inherited as autosomal-dominant trait and depending on the ethnic background is found in over one-third of MGUS/MM patients. P-7, which is the antigenic paraprotein target in these patients, is hyperphosphorylated at serine17. P-7 hyperphosphorylation can be induced in wild-type P-7 (wtP-7) carriers by PKCζ and reverted by protein-phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here we show that dephosphorylation of pP-7 is defective in pP-7 carriers due to inactivation of the PP2A by substitution of the regulatory B55δ subunit with B56γ3. In lymphoblastoid cell lines from pP-7 carriers, transfection of recombinant B55δ or treatment with ceramide led to a partial reconstitution of PP2A activity and dephosphorylation of pP-7 to wtP7. Similar results were observed with other previously reported autoantigenic paraproteins targets. In conclusion, the mechanisms responsible for the defective dephosphorylation and maintaining the hyperphosphorylated state of P-7 and other autoantigenic paraprotein targets have been elucidated, facilitating the identification of the genetic basis underlying this phenomenon which is obviously common in the pathogenesis of MGUS/MM/WM and not restricted to pP-7 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Dieter Preuss
- José-Carreras-Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (Saar), Germany
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85
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Spincemaille P, Chandhok G, Newcomb B, Verbeek J, Vriens K, Zibert A, Schmidt H, Hannun YA, van Pelt J, Cassiman D, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. The plant decapeptide OSIP108 prevents copper-induced apoptosis in yeast and human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1207-1215. [PMID: 24632503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the Arabidopsis thaliana-derived decapeptide OSIP108, which increases tolerance of plants and yeast cells to oxidative stress. As excess copper (Cu) is known to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, and is characteristic for the human pathology Wilson disease, we investigated the effect of OSIP108 on Cu-induced toxicity in yeast. We found that OSIP108 increased yeast viability in the presence of toxic Cu concentrations, and decreased the prevalence of Cu-induced apoptotic markers. Next, we translated these results to the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, demonstrating anti-apoptotic activity of OSIP108 in this cell line. In addition, we found that OSIP108 did not affect intracellular Cu levels in HepG2 cells, but preserved HepG2 mitochondrial ultrastructure. As Cu is known to induce acid sphingomyelinase activity of HepG2 cells, we performed a sphingolipidomic analysis of OSIP108-treated HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that OSIP108 decreased the levels of several sphingoid bases and ceramide species. Moreover, exogenous addition of the sphingoid base dihydrosphingosine abolished the protective effect of OSIP108 against Cu-induced cell death in yeast. These findings indicate the potential of OSIP108 to prevent Cu-induced apoptosis, possibly via its effects on sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Spincemaille
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gursimran Chandhok
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Newcomb
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, University of Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Vriens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Andree Zibert
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, University of Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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86
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Castro BM, Prieto M, Silva LC. Ceramide: a simple sphingolipid with unique biophysical properties. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:53-67. [PMID: 24513486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are involved in a variety of cellular processes and in disease. Their biological functions are thought to depend on ceramides' unique biophysical properties, which promote strong alterations of cell membrane properties and consequent triggering of signaling events. Over the last decades, efforts were made to understand the impact of ceramide on membrane biophysical features. Several studies, performed in a multitude of membrane models, address ceramides' specific interactions, the effect of their acyl chain structure and the influence of membrane lipid composition and properties on ceramide biophysical outcome. In this review, a rationale for the multiple and complex changes promoted by ceramide is provided, highlighting, on a comprehensive and critical manner, the interactions between ceramides and specific lipids and/or lipid phases. Focus is also given to the interplay between ceramide and cholesterol, particularly in lipid raft-mimicking mixtures, an issue of intense debate due to the urgent need to understand the biophysical impact of ceramide formation in models resembling the cell membrane. The implications of ceramide-induced biophysical changes on lipid-protein interactions and cell signaling are also discussed, together with the emerging evidence for the existence of ceramide-gel like domains in cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Castro
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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87
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Mitochondrial stress signaling promotes cellular adaptations. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:156020. [PMID: 24587804 PMCID: PMC3920668 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the aetiology of many complex diseases, as well as the ageing process. Much of the research on mitochondrial dysfunction has focused on how mitochondrial damage may potentiate pathological phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the less well-studied mechanisms by which the cell adapts to mitochondrial perturbations. This involves communication of stress to the cell and successful induction of quality control responses, which include mitophagy, unfolded protein response, upregulation of antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes, morphological changes, and if all else fails apoptosis. The mitochondrion is an inherently stressful environment and we speculate that dysregulation of stress signaling or an inability to switch on these adaptations during times of mitochondrial stress may underpin mitochondrial dysfunction and hence amount to pathological states over time.
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88
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Emerging roles of lipids in BCL-2 family-regulated apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1542-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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89
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Gorshkova IA, Wang H, Orbelyan GA, Goya J, Natarajan V, Beiser DG, Vanden Hoek TL, Berdyshev EV. Inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase rescues sphingosine kinase-1-knockout phenotype following murine cardiac arrest. Life Sci 2013; 93:359-66. [PMID: 23892195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system in the in vivo setting of resuscitation and survival after cardiac arrest. MAIN METHODS A mouse model of potassium-induced cardiac arrest and resuscitation was used to test the importance of S1P homeostasis in resuscitation and survival. C57BL/6 and sphingosine kinase-1 knockout (SphK1-KO) female mice were arrested for 8 min then subjected to 5 minute CPR with epinephrine bolus given at 90s after the beginning of CPR. Animal survival was monitored for 4h post-resuscitation. Upregulation of tissue and circulatory S1P levels were achieved via inhibition of S1P lyase by 2-acetyl-5-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI). Plasma and heart tissue S1P and ceramide levels were quantified by targeted ESI-LC/MS/MS. KEY FINDINGS Lack of SphK1 and low tissue/circulatory S1P levels in SphK1-KO mice led to poor animal resuscitation after cardiac arrest and to impaired survival post-resuscitation. Inhibition of S1P lyase in SphK1-KO mice drastically improved animal resuscitation and survival. Improved resuscitation and survival of THI-treated SphK1-KO mice were better correlated with cardiac dihydro-S1P (DHS1P) than S1P levels. The lack of SphK1 and the inhibition of S1P lyase by THI were accompanied by modulation in cardiac S1PR1 and S1PR2 expression and by selective changes in plasma N-palmitoyl- and N-behenoyl-ceramide levels. SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide evidence for the crucial role for SphK1 and S1P signaling system in resuscitation and survival after cardiac arrest, which may form the basis for development of novel therapeutic strategy to support resuscitation and long-term survival of cardiac arrest patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Gorshkova
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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90
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Shelat PB, Plant LD, Wang JC, Lee E, Marks JD. The membrane-active tri-block copolymer pluronic F-68 profoundly rescues rat hippocampal neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced death through early inhibition of apoptosis. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12287-99. [PMID: 23884935 PMCID: PMC3721839 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5731-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluronic F-68, an 80% hydrophilic member of the Pluronic family of polyethylene-polypropylene-polyethylene tri-block copolymers, protects non-neuronal cells from traumatic injuries and rescues hippocampal neurons from excitotoxic and oxidative insults. F-68 interacts directly with lipid membranes and restores membrane function after direct membrane damage. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of Pluronic F-68 in rescuing rat hippocampal neurons from apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD progressively decreased neuronal survival over 48 h in a severity-dependent manner, the majority of cell death occurring after 12 h after OGD. Administration of F-68 for 48 h after OGD rescued neurons from death in a dose-dependent manner. At its optimal concentration (30 μm), F-68 rescued all neurons that would have died after the first hour after OGD. This level of rescue persisted when F-68 administration was delayed 12 h after OGD. F-68 did not alter electrophysiological parameters controlling excitability, NMDA receptor-activated currents, or NMDA-induced increases in cytosolic calcium concentrations. However, F-68 treatment prevented phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and BAX translocation to mitochondria, indicating that F-68 alters apoptotic mechanisms early in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The profound neuronal rescue provided by F-68 after OGD and the high level of efficacy with delayed administration indicate that Pluronic copolymers may provide a novel, membrane-targeted approach to rescuing neurons after brain ischemia. The ability of membrane-active agents to block apoptosis suggests that membranes or their lipid components play prominent roles in injury-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phullara B. Shelat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Leigh D. Plant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Janice C. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jeremy D. Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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91
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Role of ceramide in diabetes mellitus: evidence and mechanisms. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:98. [PMID: 23835113 PMCID: PMC3716967 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with multiple complications that causes serious diseases over the years. The condition leads to severe economic consequences and is reaching pandemic level globally. Much research is being carried out to address this disease and its underlying molecular mechanism. This review focuses on the diverse role and mechanism of ceramide, a prime sphingolipid signaling molecule, in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its complications. Studies using cultured cells, animal models, and human subjects demonstrate that ceramide is a key player in the induction of β-cell apoptosis, insulin resistance, and reduction of insulin gene expression. Ceramide induces β-cell apoptosis by multiple mechanisms namely; activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway, increasing cytochrome c release, free radical generation, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of Akt. Ceramide also modulates many of the insulin signaling intermediates such as insulin receptor substrate, Akt, Glut-4, and it causes insulin resistance. Ceramide reduces the synthesis of insulin hormone by attenuation of insulin gene expression. Better understanding of this area will increase our understanding of the contribution of ceramide to the pathogenesis of diabetes, and further help in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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92
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Monteiro JP, Oliveira PJ, Jurado AS. Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in pathophysiology: a new target for diet and therapeutic interventions. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:513-28. [PMID: 23827885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are arbiters in the fragile balance between cell life and death. These organelles present an intricate membrane system, with a peculiar lipid composition and displaying transverse as well as lateral asymmetry. Some lipids are synthesized inside mitochondria, while others have to be imported or acquired in the form of precursors. Here, we review different processes, including external interventions (e.g., diet) and a range of biological events (apoptosis, disease and aging), which may result in alterations of mitochondrial membrane lipid content. Cardiolipin, the mitochondria lipid trademark, whose biosynthetic pathway is highly regulated, will deserve special attention in this review. The modulation of mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, especially by diet, as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of some pathologies will be also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Monteiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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93
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BAK activation is necessary and sufficient to drive ceramide synthase-dependent ceramide accumulation following inhibition of BCL2-like proteins. Biochem J 2013; 452:111-9. [PMID: 23480852 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining mechanistic details about how drugs kill cancer cells is critical for predicting which cancers will respond to given therapeutic regimens and for identifying effective combinations of drugs that more potently kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The BCL2 family of proteins and bioactive sphingolipids are intricately linked during apoptotic cell death. In fact, many chemotherapeutic drugs are known to cause accumulation of the pro-apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is not completely understood. In the present study we demonstrate that direct inhibition of anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins with ABT-263 is sufficient to induce C(16)-ceramide synthesis in multiple cell lines, including human leukaemia and myeloma cells. ABT-263 activates CerS (ceramide synthase) activity only in cells expressing BAK or in cells capable of activating BAK. Importantly, recombinant BAK is sufficient to increase in vitro CerS activity in microsomes purified from Bak-KO (knockout) cells and activated BAK more potently activates CerS than inactive BAK. Likewise, ABT-263 addition to wild-type, but not Bak-deficient, microsomes increases CerS in vitro activity. Furthermore, we present a feed-forward model by which BAK activation of CerS by chemotherapeutic drugs leads to elevated ceramide levels that result in synergistic channel formation by ceramide (or one of its metabolites) and BAX/BAK.
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94
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Abstract
Synthetic lipid membranes can display channel-like ion conduction events even in the absence of proteins. We show here that these events are voltage-gated with a quadratic voltage dependence as expected from electrostatic theory of capacitors. To this end, we recorded channel traces and current histograms in patch-experiments on lipid membranes. We derived a theoretical current-voltage relationship for pores in lipid membranes that describes the experimental data very well when assuming an asymmetric membrane. We determined the equilibrium constant between closed and open state and the open probability as a function of voltage. The voltage-dependence of the lipid pores is found comparable to that of protein channels. Lifetime distributions of open and closed events indicate that the channel open distribution does not follow exponential statistics but rather power law behavior for long open times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blicher
- Membrane Biophysics Group, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Heimburg
- Membrane Biophysics Group, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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95
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Parra V, Moraga F, Kuzmicic J, López-Crisosto C, Troncoso R, Torrealba N, Criollo A, Díaz-Elizondo J, Rothermel BA, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Calcium and mitochondrial metabolism in ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1334-44. [PMID: 23602992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are important intermediates in the biosynthesis and degradation of sphingolipids that regulate numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, differentiation and death. In cardiomyocytes, ceramides induce apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting cytochrome-c release. Ca(2+) overload is a common feature of all types of cell death. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ceramides on cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels, mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte death. Our data show that C2-ceramide induces apoptosis and necrosis in cultured cardiomyocytes by a mechanism involving increased Ca(2+) influx, mitochondrial network fragmentation and loss of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) buffer capacity. These biochemical events increase cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and trigger cardiomyocyte death via the activation of calpains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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96
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Zhao J, Bowman L, Magaye R, Leonard SS, Castranova V, Ding M. Apoptosis induced by tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticles in JB6 cells involves ROS generation through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1349-59. [PMID: 23417053 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, apoptosis and related signaling induced by WC-Co nanoparticles were investigated in JB6 cells and rat lung macrophages. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fluorescent staining indicated that both WC-Co nanoparticles and fine particles stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Catalase exhibited an inhibitory effect on WC-Co nanoparticle-induced ROS as well as mitochondrial membrane permeability damage. Further study indicated that WC-Co nanoparticles elicited higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles. Western blot analysis showed activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase 3, 8 and 9, BID and BAX. In addition, both cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were upregulated and released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Our findings demonstrate that, on a mass basis, WC-Co nanoparticles exhibit higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles. Apoptosis induced by WC-Co nanoparticles and fine particles involves both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine of the Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.
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97
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Tekpli X, Holme JA, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Role for membrane remodeling in cell death: Implication for health and disease. Toxicology 2013; 304:141-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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98
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Inhibition of ceramide metabolism sensitizes human leukemia cells to inhibition of BCL2-like proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54525. [PMID: 23342165 PMCID: PMC3546986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel combinations of effective cancer drugs is required for the successful treatment of cancer patients for a number of reasons. First, many “cancer specific” therapeutics display detrimental patient side-effects and second, there are almost no examples of single agent therapeutics that lead to cures. One strategy to decrease both the effective dose of individual drugs and the potential for therapeutic resistance is to combine drugs that regulate independent pathways that converge on cell death. BCL2-like family members are key proteins that regulate apoptosis. We conducted a screen to identify drugs that could be combined with an inhibitor of anti-apoptotic BCL2-like proteins, ABT-263, to kill human leukemia cells lines. We found that the combination of D,L-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) hydrochloride, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, potently synergized with ABT-263 in the killing of multiple human leukemia cell lines. Treatment of cells with PDMP and ABT-263 led to dramatic elevation of two pro-apoptotic sphingolipids, namely ceramide and sphingosine. Furthermore, treatment of cells with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor, SKi-II, also dramatically synergized with ABT-263 to kill leukemia cells and similarly increased ceramides and sphingosine. Data suggest that synergism with ABT-263 requires accumulation of ceramides and sphingosine, as AMP-deoxynojirimycin, (an inhibitor of the glycosphingolipid pathway) did not elevate ceramides or sphingosine and importantly did not sensitize cells to ABT-263 treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that combining inhibitors of anti-apoptotic BCL2-like proteins with drugs that alter the balance of bioactive sphingolipids will be a powerful combination for the treatment of human cancers.
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99
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Busschaert N, Gale PA. Niedermolekulare transmembranäre Anionentransporter für biologische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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100
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Busschaert N, Gale PA. Small-Molecule Lipid-Bilayer Anion Transporters for Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1374-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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