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Zeng J, Yang M, Deng J, Zheng D, Lai Z, Wang-Pruski G, XuHan X, Guo R. The function of BoTCP25 in the regulation of leaf development of Chinese kale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127197. [PMID: 37143872 PMCID: PMC10151756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
XG Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea cv. 'XiangGu') is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves. However, it remains unknown how the formation of metamorphic leaves is regulated and whether it differs from normal leaves. BoTCP25 is differentially expressed in different parts of XG leaves and respond to auxin signals. To clarify the function of BoTCP25 in XG Chinese kale leaves, we overexpressed BoTCP25 in XG and Arabidopsis, and interestingly, its overexpression caused Chinese kale leaves to curl and changed the location of metamorphic leaves, whereas heterologous expression of BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis did not show metamorphic leaves, but only an increase in leaf number and leaf area. Further analysis of the expression of related genes in Chinese kale and Arabidopsis overexpressing BoTCP25 revealed that BoTCP25 could directly bind the promoter of BoNGA3, a transcription factor related to leaf development, and induce a significant expression of BoNGA3 in transgenic Chinese kale plants, whereas this induction of NGA3 did not occur in transgenic Arabidopsis. This suggests that the regulation of Chinese kale metamorphic leaves by BoTCP25 is dependent on a regulatory pathway or elements specific to XG and that this regulatory element may be repressed or absent from Arabidopsis. In addition, the expression of miR319's precursor, a negative regulator of BoTCP25, also differed in transgenic Chinese kale and Arabidopsis. miR319's transcrips were significantly up-regulated in transgenic Chinese kale mature leaves, while in transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression of miR319 in mature leaves was kept low. In conclusion, the differential expression of BoNGA3 and miR319 in the two species may be related to the exertion of BoTCP25 function, thus partially contributing to the differences in leaf phenotypes between overexpressed BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis and Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Xu XuHan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, Institut de la Recherche Interdiciplinaire de Toulouse (IRIT-ARI), Toulouse, France
| | - Rongfang Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfang Guo,
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Zhou R, Fan M, Zhao M, Jiang X, Liu Q. Overexpression of LtKNOX1 from Lilium tsingtauense in Nicotiana benthamiana affects the development of leaf morphology. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2031783. [PMID: 35139775 PMCID: PMC9176240 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the main vegetative organs of the aboveground part of plants and play an important role in plant morphogenesis. KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) plays a crucial role in regulating leaf cell fate and maintaining leaf development. In this study, we analyzed LtKNOX1 from Lilium tsingtauense and illustrated its function in transgenic plants. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that LtKNOX1 was highly expressed in stems, young flower buds, and shoot apical meristems (SAMs). Ectopic overexpression of LtKNOX1 in Nicotiana benthamiana suggested that transformants with mild phenotypes were characterized by foliar wrinkles and mildly curled leaves; transformants with intermediate phenotypes showed severely crimped blades and narrow leaf angles, and the most severe phenotypes lacked normal SAMs and leaves. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of KNOX in transgenic plants were detected, including ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1, PIN-FORMED 1, GA20-oxidase, CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2, CLAVATA 1 and WUSCHEL(WUS), and the expression of other genes were down-regulated except WUS. This study contributes to our understanding of the LtKNOX1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Menglong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Sun X, Feng D, Liu M, Qin R, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen S, Ma W, Zhao J. Single-cell transcriptome reveals dominant subgenome expression and transcriptional response to heat stress in Chinese cabbage. Genome Biol 2022; 23:262. [PMID: 36536447 PMCID: PMC9762029 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) experienced a whole-genome triplication event and thus has three subgenomes: least fractioned, medium fractioned, and most fractioned subgenome. Environmental changes affect leaf development, which in turn influence the yield. To improve the yield and resistance to different climate scenarios, a comprehensive understanding of leaf development is required including insights into the full diversity of cell types and transcriptional networks underlying their specificity. RESULTS Here, we generate the transcriptional landscape of Chinese cabbage leaf at single-cell resolution by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of 30,000 individual cells. We characterize seven major cell types with 19 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters based on the expression of the reported marker genes. We find that genes in the least fractioned subgenome are predominantly expressed compared with those in the medium and most fractioned subgenomes in different cell types. Moreover, we generate a single-cell transcriptional map of leaves in response to high temperature. We find that heat stress not only affects gene expression in a cell type-specific manner but also impacts subgenome dominance. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the transcriptional networks in different cell types and provides a better understanding of transcriptional regulation during leaf development and transcriptional response to heat stress in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Sun
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Daling Feng
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Ruixin Qin
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Yan Li
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Yin Lu
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Wei Ma
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
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Genome-Wide Identification of Wheat KNOX Gene Family and Functional Characterization of TaKNOX14-D in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415918. [PMID: 36555558 PMCID: PMC9784718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The KNOX genes play important roles in maintaining SAM and regulating the development of plant leaves. However, the TaKNOX genes in wheat are still not well understood, especially their role in abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 36 KNOX genes were identified, and we demonstrated the function of the TaKNOX14-D gene under mechanical injury and cold stress. Thirty-six TaKNOX genes were divided into two groups, and thirty-four TaKNOX genes were predicted to be located in the nucleus by Cell-PLoc. These genes contained five tandem duplications. Fifteen collinear gene pairs were exhibited in wheat and rice, one collinear gene pair was exhibited in wheat and Arabidopsis. The phylogenetic tree and motif analysis suggested that the TaKNOX gene appeared before C3 and C4 diverged. Gene structure showed that the numbers of exons and introns in TaKNOX gene are different. Wheat TaKNOX genes showed different expression patterns during the wheat growth phase, with seven TaKNOX genes being highly expressed in the whole growth period. These seven genes were also highly expressed in most tissues, and also responded to most abiotic stress. Eleven TaKNOX genes were up-regulated in the tillering node during the leaf regeneration period after mechanical damage. When treating the wheat with different hormones, the expression patterns of TaKNOX were changed, and results showed that ABA promoted TaKNOX expression and seven TaKNOX genes were up-regulated under cytokinin and auxin treatment. Overexpression of the TaKNOX14-D gene in Arabidopsis could increase the leaf size, plant height and seed size. This gene overexpression in Arabidopsis also increased the compensatory growth capacity after mechanical damage. Overexpression lines also showed high resistance to cold stress. This study provides a better understanding of the TaKNOX genes.
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Morphological Variation of Strychnos spinosa Lam. Morphotypes: A Case Study at Bonamanzi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strychnos spinosa Lam. of the Loganiaceae family is associated with versatility, poverty eradication, and rural economic development. However, the morphological diversity of S. spinosa is not well documented. This limits efforts toward its improvement and commercial exploitation. This study aimed to characterize the variability, vegetative and reproductive traits, and heritability of S. spinosa morphotypes at Bonamanzi Game Reserve. The majority of the morphotypes had green, rough, round immature fruits with dark green, elongated, open fully developed leaves. Fruits varied between roundish and pyriform shape as well as green and purple colour. Positive correlation was mainly seen between fruit and seed traits. Principal component analysis indicated fruit and seed traits as major discriminating factors for morphotypes, followed by leaf size and seed thickness. A dendrogram primarily grouped morphotypes according to fruit texture. Genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher than environmental variance and environmental coefficient variation in reproductive traits of S. spinosa. A rough pericarp texture and purple tinge on the immature leaves of some morphotypes was recorded for the first time. Differences in morphological features across S. spinosa morphotypes indicate a high level of diversity that could be utilized by breeders to generate new cultivars. This first report on variability and heritability among S. spinosa morphotypes forms the basis of available germplasm essential for future breeding programs.
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Tang F, Sun P, Zhang Q, Zhong F, Wang Y, Lu M. Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081280. [PMID: 36570947 PMCID: PMC9780455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a "living fossil" in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Ginkgo variety "SongZhen" have different leaf types on a tree, including needle-, trumpet-, strip-, and deeply split fan-shaped leaves. In order to explore the mechanism in forming these leaf types, the microscopy of different leaf types and transcriptome analysis of apical buds of branches with normal or abnormal leaves were performed. We found that the normal leaf was in an intact and unfolded fan shape, and the abnormal leaf was basically split into two parts from the petiole, and each exhibited different extent of variation. The needle-type leaves were the extreme, having no obvious palisade and spongy tissues, and the phloem cells were scattered and surrounded by xylem cells, while the trumpet-type leaves with normal vascular bundles curled inward to form a loop from the abaxial to adaxial side. The other type of leaves had the characteristics among needle-type, trumpet-type, or normal leaves. The transcriptome analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the genes related to abaxial domain were highly expressed, while the adaxial domain promoting genes were decreasingly expressed in abnormal-type leaf (ANL) buds and abnormal leaves, which might lead to the obvious abaxialized leaves of "SongZhen." In addition, the low expression of genes related to leaf boundary development in ANL buds indicated that single- or double-needle (trumpet) leaves might also be due to the leaf tissue fusion. This study provides an insight into the mechanism of the development of the abnormal leaves in "SongZhen" and lays a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of the leaf development in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Hao N, Cao J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Du Y, Wu T. Understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops conduces to breeding process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971453. [PMID: 36570936 PMCID: PMC9773389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphology can affect the development and yield of plants by regulating plant architecture and photosynthesis. Several factors can determine the final leaf morphology, including the leaf complexity, size, shape, and margin type, which suggests that leaf morphogenesis is a complex regulation network. The formation of diverse leaf morphology is precisely controlled by gene regulation on translation and transcription levels. To further reveal this, more and more genome data has been published for different kinds of vegetable crops and advanced genotyping approaches have also been applied to identify the causal genes for the target traits. Therefore, the studies on the molecular regulation of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops have also been largely improved. This review will summarize the progress on identified genes or regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis and development in vegetable crops. These identified markers can be applied for further molecular-assisted selection (MAS) in vegetable crops. Overall, the review will contribute to understanding the leaf morphology of different crops from the perspective of molecular regulation and shortening the breeding cycle for vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Guiyang Productivity Promotion Center, Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau, Guiyang, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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Zhang X, Ding L, Song A, Li S, Liu J, Zhao W, Jia D, Guan Y, Zhao K, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen F. DWARF AND ROBUST PLANT regulates plant height via modulating gibberellin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2484-2500. [PMID: 36214637 PMCID: PMC9706434 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
YABBY (YAB) genes are specifically expressed in abaxial cells of lateral organs and determine abaxial cell fate. However, most studies have focused on few model plants, and the molecular mechanisms of YAB genes are not well understood. Here, we identified a YAB transcription factor in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), Dwarf and Robust Plant (CmDRP), that belongs to a distinct FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FlL)/YAB3 sub-clade lost in Brassicaceae. CmDRP was expressed in various tissues but did not show any polar distribution in chrysanthemum. Overexpression of CmDRP resulted in a semi-dwarf phenotype with a significantly decreased active GA3 content, while reduced expression generated the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, plant height of transgenic plants was partially rescued through the exogenous application of GA3 and Paclobutrazol, and expression of the GA biosynthesis gene CmGA3ox1 was significantly altered in transgenic plants. Yeast one-hybrid, luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR analyses showed that CmDRP could directly bind to the CmGA3ox1 promoter and suppress its expression. Our research reveals a nonpolar expression pattern of a YAB family gene in dicots and demonstrates it regulates plant height through the GA pathway, which will deepen the understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of YAB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Diwen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunxiao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang X, Zhao B, Sun Y, Feng Y. Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978223. [PMID: 36267949 PMCID: PMC9578688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural plants such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants are crucial to human life and socioeconomic development. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid compounds, control numerous developmental processes of plants. The roles of GAs in regulating growth and development of horticultural plants, and in regulating significant progress have been clarified. These findings have significant implications for promoting the quality and quantity of the products of horticultural plants. Here we review recent progress in determining the roles of GAs (including biosynthesis and signaling) in regulating plant stature, axillary meristem outgrowth, compound leaf development, flowering time, and parthenocarpy. These findings will provide a solid foundation for further improving the quality and quantity of horticultural plants products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Wei L, Wen S, Ma J, Tu Z, Zhu S, Zhai X, Li H. Overexpression of LtuHB6 from Liriodendron tulipifera causes lobed-leaf formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1875-1887. [PMID: 36484027 PMCID: PMC9723050 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liriodendron tulipifera L. is an ornamental tree species with extraordinarily lobed leaves. However, the mechanisms underlying lobed leaf formation in plants remain unclear. The transcription factor, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEBOX 6 (HB6), plays a role in regulating leaf margin development. HB6 is involved in cell division and differentiation of developmental organs and negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signal transmission under external abiotic stress; it is unclear whether HB6 performs a pivotal role in leaf morphogenesis in L. tulipifera. In this study, full-length LtuHB6 from L. tulipifera was heterologously expressed in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana; its expression pattern was analyzed to determine its potential role in leaf development. In addition, LtuHB6 is localized in the nucleus and cell membrane of tobacco leaves. The expression of LtuHB6 was highest in mature leaves compared to the other stages of leaf development (bud growth, young leaves, and leaf senescence). Transgenic A. thaliana plants overexpressing LtuHB6 exhibited an abnormal phenotype with lobed leaves. Moreover, LtuHB6 overexpression significantly affected the expression of seven genes related to leaf serration in the initial stage of leaf primordia and altered the expression levels of hormonal genes. Our findings indicate that LtuHB6 is an essential regulatory factor in L. tulipifera lobed-leaf formation and is involved in regulating and responding to hormones. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01254-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Shaoying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Jikai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Shenghua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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Alemán-Báez J, Qin J, Cai C, Zou C, Bucher J, Paulo MJ, Voorrips RE, Bonnema G. Genetic dissection of morphological variation in rosette leaves and leafy heads in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3611-3628. [PMID: 36057748 PMCID: PMC9519658 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Correlations between morphological traits of cabbage rosette leaves and heads were found. Genome-wide association studies of these traits identified 50 robust quantitative trait loci in multiple years. Half of these loci affect both organs. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. Cabbage plants go through four vegetative stages: seedling, rosette, folding and heading. Rosette leaves are the largest leaves of cabbage plants and provide most of the energy needed to produce the leafy head. To understand the relationship and the genetic basis of leaf development and leafy head formation, 308 cabbage accessions were scored for rosette leaf and head traits in three-year field trials. Significant correlations were found between morphological traits of rosette leaves and heads, namely leaf area with the head area, height and width, and leaf width with the head area and head height, when heads were harvested at a fixed number of days after sowing. Fifty robust quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rosette leaf and head traits distributed over all nine chromosomes were identified with genome-wide association studies. All these 50 loci were identified in multiple years and generally affect multiple traits. Twenty-five of the QTL were associated with both rosette leaf and leafy head traits. We discuss thirteen candidate genes identified in these QTL that are expressed in heading leaves, with an annotation related to auxin and other phytohormones, leaf development, and leaf polarity that likely play a role in leafy head development or rosette leaf expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alemán-Báez
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Qin
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chunmei Zou
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bucher
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E. Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mechanics of Reversible Deformation during Leaf Movement and Regulation of Pulvinus Development in Legumes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810240. [PMID: 36142170 PMCID: PMC9499166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell deformation is a mechanical process that is driven by differences in the osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell and is influenced by cell wall properties. Legume leaf movements result from reversible deformation of pulvinar motor cells. Reversible cell deformation is an elastic process distinct from the irreversible cell growth of developing organs. Here, we begin with a review of the basic mathematics of cell volume changes, cell wall function, and the mechanics of bending deformation at a macro scale. Next, we summarize the findings of recent molecular genetic studies of pulvinar development. We then review the mechanisms of the adaxial/abaxial patterning because pulvinar bending deformation depends on the differences in mechanical properties and physiological responses of motor cells on the adaxial versus abaxial sides of the pulvinus. Intriguingly, pulvini simultaneously encompass morphological symmetry and functional asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial axis. This review provides an introduction to leaf movement and reversible deformation from the perspective of mechanics and molecular genetics.
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Qin L, Chen H, Wu Q, Wang X. Identification and exploration of the GRF and GIF families in maize and foxtail millet. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1717-1735. [PMID: 36387975 PMCID: PMC9636355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on complex regulatory networks to adapt various environments. The growth regulatory factor (GRF) and GRF-interacting factor (GIF) families have been shown to control growth in various plant species. There are growing evidences that GRFs and GIFs can improve crop genetic transformation efficiency. In this study, we identified and classified 17 ZmGRFs, 10 SiGRFs, 4 ZmGIFs and 3 SiGIFs in maize (Zea mays L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) using updated genome data. Many ABREs (Abscisic Acid-responsive elements) were present in the promoter regions of GRFs by analysis, and the expression levels of ZmGRF4, 9, 12, 14 and ZmGIF2 were associated with the Abscisic Acid (ABA) response. Furthermore, ZmGRF9 showed collinearity with AtGRF5 between Arabidopsis and maize. ZmGRF9 conservatively interacts with ZmGIF 2, 3, and 4. As a result, we systematically identified GRF and GIF family members, analyzed the regulatory network, and found that exogenous ABA inhibited the expression of GRFs, regulating responses to stress in the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01234-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Huafeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Qingfei Wu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Xianglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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64
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Wang Y, Sun Z, Wang L, Chen L, Ma L, Lv J, Qiao K, Fan S, Ma Q. GhBOP1 as a Key Factor of Ribosomal Biogenesis: Development of Wrinkled Leaves in Upland Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179942. [PMID: 36077339 PMCID: PMC9456263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Block of proliferation 1 (BOP1) is a key protein that helps in the maturation of ribosomes and promotes the progression of the cell cycle. However, its role in the leaf morphogenesis of cotton remains unknown. Herein, we report and study the function of GhBOP1 isolated from Gossypium hirsutum. The sequence alignment revealed that BOP1 protein was highly conserved among different species. The yeast two-hybrid experiments, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and luciferase complementation techniques revealed that GhBOP1 interact with GhPES and GhWDR12. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that GhBOP1, GhPES and GhWDR12 were localized at the nucleolus. Suppression of GhBOP1 transcripts resulted in the uneven bending of leaf margins and the presence of young wrinkled leaves by virus-induced gene silencing assay. Abnormal palisade arrangements and the presence of large upper epidermal cells were observed in the paraffin sections of the wrinkled leaves. Meanwhile, a jasmonic acid-related gene, GhOPR3, expression was increased. In addition, a negative effect was exerted on the cell cycle and the downregulation of the auxin-related genes was also observed. These results suggest that GhBOP1 plays a critical role in the development of wrinkled cotton leaves, and the process is potentially modulated through phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Kaikai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya 572000, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Q.M.)
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Huang X, Abuduwaili N, Wang X, Tao M, Wang X, Huang G. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) VIRMA as an N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulator Participates in Controlling Chloroplast-Dependent and Independent Leaf Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179887. [PMID: 36077287 PMCID: PMC9456376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant internal modifications of mRNA, which plays important roles in gene expression regulation, and plant growth and development. Vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA) serves as a scaffold for bridging the catalytic core components of the m6A methyltransferase complex. The role of VIRMA in regulating leaf development and its related mechanisms have not been reported. Here, we identified and characterized two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) VIRMA genes, named as GhVIR-A and GhVIR-D, which share 98.5% identity with each other. GhVIR-A and GhVIR-D were ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and relatively higher expressed in leaves and main stem apexes (MSA). Knocking down the expression of GhVIR genes by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system influences leaf cell size, cell shape, and total cell numbers, thereby determining cotton leaf morphogenesis. The dot-blot assay and colorimetric experiment showed the ratio of m6A to A in mRNA is lower in leaves of GhVIR-VIGS plants compared with control plants. Messenger RNA (mRNA) high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and a qRT-PCR experiment showed that GhVIRs regulate leaf development through influencing expression of some transcription factor genes, tubulin genes, and chloroplast genes including photosystem, carbon fixation, and ribosome assembly. Chloroplast structure, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency were changed and unsuitable for leaf growth and development in GhVIR-VIGS plants compared with control plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate GhVIRs function in cotton leaf development by chloroplast dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Nigara Abuduwaili
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830054, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Miao Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gengqing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830054, China
- Correspondence:
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66
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OCTOPUS regulates BIN2 to control leaf curvature in Chinese cabbage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208978119. [PMID: 35969746 PMCID: PMC9407555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208978119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heading is one of the most important agronomic traits for Chinese cabbage crops. During the heading stage, leaf axial growth is an essential process. In the past, most genes predicted to be involved in the heading process have been based on leaf development studies in Arabidopsis. No genes that control leaf axial growth have been mapped and cloned via forward genetics in Chinese cabbage. In this study, we characterize the inward curling mutant ic1 in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis and identify a mutation in the OCTOPUS (BrOPS) gene by map-based cloning. OPS is involved in phloem differentiation in Arabidopsis, a functionalization of regulating leaf curvature that is differentiated in Chinese cabbage. In the presence of brassinosteroid (BR) at the early heading stage in ic1, the mutation of BrOPS fails to sequester brassinosteroid insensitive 2 (BrBIN2) from the nucleus, allowing BrBIN2 to phosphorylate and inactivate BrBES1, which in turn relieves the repression of BrAS1 and results in leaf inward curving. Taken together, the results of our findings indicate that BrOPS positively regulates BR signaling by antagonizing BrBIN2 to promote leaf epinastic growth at the early heading stage in Chinese cabbage.
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67
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Research Progress on the Leaf Morphology, Fruit Development and Plant Architecture of the Cucumber. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162128. [PMID: 36015432 PMCID: PMC9415855 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual climbing herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the most important economic crops in the world. The breeding of cucumber varieties with excellent agronomic characteristics has gained more attention in recent years. The size and shape of the leaves or fruit and the plant architecture are important agronomic traits that influence crop management and productivity, thus determining the crop yields and consumer preferences. The growth of the plant is precisely regulated by both environmental stimuli and internal signals. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant morphological regulation of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, our understanding of the control mechanisms of the growth and development of cucumber is still limited. This paper reviews the regulation of phytohormones in plant growth and expounds the latest progress in research regarding the genetic regulation pathways in leaf development, fruit size and shape, branching, and plant type in cucumber, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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68
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Ma J, Li C, Gao P, Qiu Y, Zong M, Zhang H, Wang J. Melon shoot organization 1, encoding an AGRONAUTE7 protein, plays a crucial role in plant development. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2875-2890. [PMID: 35802144 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A melon gene MSO1 located on chromosome 10 by map-based cloning strategy, which encodes an ARGONAUTE 7 protein, is responsible for the development of shoot organization. Plant endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in various plant developmental processes. In Arabidopsis, sRNAs combined with ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which functions in RNA silencing or biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs). However, their roles in melon (Cucumis melo L.) are still unclear. Here, the melon shoot organization 1 (mso1) mutant was identified and shown to exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes in leaf morphology and plant architecture. Positional cloning of MSO1 revealed that it encodes a homologue of Arabidopsis AGO7/ZIPPY, which is required for the production of ta-siRNAs. The AG-to-C mutation in the second exon of MSO1 caused a frameshift mutation and significantly reduced its expression. Ectopic expression of MSO1 rescued the Arabidopsis ago7 phenotype. RNA-seq analysis showed that several genes involved in transcriptional regulation and plant hormones were significantly altered in mso1 compared to WT. A total of 304 and 231 miRNAs were identified in mso1 and WT by sRNA sequencing, respectively, and among them, 42 known and ten novel miRNAs were differentially expressed. cme-miR390a significantly accumulated, and the expression levels of the two ta-siRNAs were almost completely abolished in mso1. Correspondingly, their targets, the ARF3 and ARF4 genes, showed dramatically upregulated expression, indicating that the miR390-TAS3-ARF pathway has conserved roles in melon. These findings will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of MSO1 in plant development in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Congcong Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Mei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China.
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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69
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Nakayama H, Leichty AR, Sinha NR. Molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development, morphological diversification, and beyond. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2534-2548. [PMID: 35441681 PMCID: PMC9252486 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The basic mechanisms of leaf development have been revealed through a combination of genetics and intense analyses in select model species. The genetic basis for diversity in leaf morphology seen in nature is also being unraveled through recent advances in techniques and technologies related to genomics and transcriptomics, which have had a major impact on these comparative studies. However, this has led to the emergence of new unresolved questions about the mechanisms that generate the diversity of leaf form. Here, we provide a review of the current knowledge of the fundamental molecular genetic mechanisms underlying leaf development with an emphasis on natural variation and conserved gene regulatory networks involved in leaf development. Beyond that, we discuss open questions/enigmas in the area of leaf development, how recent technologies can best be deployed to generate a unified understanding of leaf diversity and its evolution, and what untapped fields lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aaron R Leichty
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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70
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Yang T, He Y, Niu S, Zhang Y. A YABBY gene CRABS CLAW a (CRCa) negatively regulates flower and fruit sizes in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111285. [PMID: 35643610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CRABS CLAW (CRC) is a YABBY transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in carpel development and flower meristem determinacy. Here, we characterized a CRC homolog SlCRCa and elucidated its specific roles in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlCRCa is highly expressed in the petals and stamens, and is responsive to gibberellin (GA) treatment. Overexpression of SlCRCa in tomato reduces the sizes of petals, stamens, and fruits, while the inverse phenotypes are induced by knockdown of SlCRCa. Furthermore, histological investigation suggests that the smaller or larger fruits in SlCRCa-overexpressing or SlCRCa-RNAi plants are mainly determined by the decreases or increases in cell layers and cell sizes in pericarp, respectively. Through transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses, we speculate that SlCRCa inhibits cell division by regulating the transcription of cell division-related genes, and also suppresses cell expansion by modulating the expansin genes and GA pathway in tomato fruits. Besides, SlCRCa is involved in the feedback regulation of GA biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that SlCRCa negatively regulates fruit size by affecting cell division and cell expansion, and it is also an inhibitor of floral organ sizes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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71
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Guan C, Qiao L, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Jiao Y. Coactivation of antagonistic genes stabilizes polarity patterning during shoot organogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0368. [PMID: 35675392 PMCID: PMC9176745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression are instrumental to morphogenesis. A stable pattern interface, often between reciprocal-inhibiting morphogens, must be robustly maintained after initial patterning cues diminish, organ growth, or organ geometry changes. In plants, floral and leaf primordia obtain the adaxial-abaxial pattern at the shoot apical meristem periphery. However, it is unknown how the pattern is maintained after primordia have left the shoot apex. Here, through a combination of computational simulations, time-lapse imaging, and genetic analysis, we propose a model in which auxin simultaneously promotes both adaxial and abaxial domains of expression. Furthermore, we identified multilevel feedback regulation of auxin signaling to refine the spatiotemporal patterns. Our results demonstrate that coactivation by auxin determines and stabilizes antagonistic adaxial-abaxial patterning during aerial organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingxia Qiao
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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72
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Zhang HK, Zhou J, Fang W, Zhao H, Zhao ZL, Chen X, Zhao HP, Feng XQ. Multi-functional topology optimization of Victoria cruziana veins. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220298. [PMID: 35702860 PMCID: PMC9198518 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of biological tissues and organs strongly depend on the requirements of their multiple functions. Plant veins yield efficient nutrient transport and withstand various external loads. Victoria cruziana, a tropical species of the Nymphaeaceae family of water lilies, has evolved a network of three-dimensional and rugged veins, which yields a superior load-bearing capacity. However, it remains elusive how biological and mechanical factors affect their unique vein layout. In this paper, we propose a multi-functional and large-scale topology optimization method to investigate the morphomechanics of Victoria cruziana veins, which optimizes both the structural stiffness and nutrient transport efficiency. Our results suggest that increasing the branching order of radial veins improves the efficiency of nutrient delivery, and the gradient variation of circumferential vein sizes significantly contributes to the stiffness of the leaf. In the present method, we also consider the optimization of the wall thickness and the maximum layout distance of circumferential veins. Furthermore, biomimetic leaves are fabricated by using the three-dimensional printing technique to verify our theoretical findings. This work not only gains insights into the morphomechanics of Victoria cruziana veins, but also helps the design of, for example, rib-reinforced shells, slabs and dome skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kai Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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73
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Shi Y, Jiang C, Song X, Tuskan GA, Zeng W, Zhang J, Lu M. The PagKNAT2/6b-PagBOP1/2a Regulatory Module Controls Leaf Morphogenesis in Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105581. [PMID: 35628391 PMCID: PMC9145908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphogenesis requires precise regulation of gene expression to achieve organ separation and flat-leaf form. The poplar KNOTTED-like homeobox gene PagKNAT2/6b could change plant architecture, especially leaf shape, in response to drought stress. However, its regulatory mechanism in leaf development remains unclear. In this work, gene expression analyses of PagKNAT2/6b suggested that PagKNAT2/6b was highly expressed during leaf development. Moreover, the leaf shape changes along the adaxial-abaxial, medial-lateral, and proximal-distal axes caused by the mis-expression of PagKNAT2/6b demonstrated that its overexpression (PagKNAT2/6b OE) and SRDX dominant repression (PagKNAT2/6b SRDX) poplars had an impact on the leaf axial development. The crinkle leaf of PagKNAT2/6b OE was consistent with the differential expression gene PagBOP1/2a (BLADE-ON-PETIOLE), which was the critical gene for regulating leaf development. Further study showed that PagBOP1/2a was directly activated by PagKNAT2/6b through a novel cis-acting element "CTCTT". Together, the PagKNAT2/6b-PagBOP1/2a module regulates poplar leaf morphology by affecting axial development, which provides insights aimed at leaf shape modification for further improving the drought tolerance of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yangxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA;
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (M.L.)
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74
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Yu Z, Hong L, Li QQ. Signatures of mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation in Arabidopsis Leaf Development. Front Genet 2022; 13:863253. [PMID: 35559042 PMCID: PMC9086830 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNA is an important co-transcriptional mechanism that modulates gene expression, leading to transcriptomic and functional diversities. The role of APA in Arabidopsis leaf development, however, remains elusive. We applied a poly(A)-tag sequencing (PAT-seq) technique to characterize APA-mediated regulation events in cotyledon and in five stages of true leaf development. Over 60% APA was identified in genes expressed in leaves, consistent with the results in previous publications. However, a reduced APA level was detected in younger leaves, reaching 44% in the 18th true leaf. Importantly, we also found that >70% of the poly(A) site usages were altered in the second true leaf relative to the cotyledon. Compared with the cotyledon, more genes in the second true leaf tended to use the distal site of 3′UTR, but this was not found in pairwise comparison among other true leaves. In addition, a significant APA gene was found to be decreased in a pairwise comparison among true leaves, including differentially expressed genes. The APA genes identified herein were associated with specific biological processes, including metabolic and cellular processes and response to stimuli and hormones. These results provide a new insight into the regulation of Arabidopsis leaf development through APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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75
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Jathar V, Saini K, Chauhan A, Rani R, Ichihashi Y, Ranjan A. Spatial control of cell division by GA-OsGRF7/8 module in a leaf explaining the leaf length variation between cultivated and wild rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:867-883. [PMID: 35152411 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and genetic understanding of the rice leaf size regulation is limited, despite rice being the staple food of more than half of the global population. We investigated the mechanism controlling the rice leaf length using cultivated and wild rice accessions that remarkably differed for leaf size. Comparative transcriptomics, gibberellic acid (GA) quantification and leaf kinematics of the contrasting accessions suggested the involvement of GA, cell cycle and growth-regulating factors (GRFs) in the rice leaf size regulation. Zone-specific expression analysis and VIGS established the functions of specific GRFs in the process. The leaf length of the selected accessions was strongly correlated with GA levels. Higher GA content in wild rice accessions with longer leaves and GA-induced increase in the leaf length via an increase in cell division confirmed a GA-mediated regulation of division zone in rice. Downstream to GA, OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 function for controlling cell division to determine the rice leaf length. Spatial control of cell division to determine the division zone size mediated by GA and downstream OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 explains the leaf length differences between the cultivated and wild rice. This mechanism to control the rice leaf length might have contributed to optimizing leaf size during domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jathar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kumud Saini
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ruchi Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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76
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Zeng RF, Fu LM, Deng L, Liu MF, Gan ZM, Zhou H, Hu SF, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. CiKN1 and CiKN6 are involved in leaf development in citrus by regulating CimiR164. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:828-848. [PMID: 35165956 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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77
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Zhang K, Yang Y, Wu J, Liang J, Chen S, Zhang L, Lv H, Yin X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Freeling M, Wang X, Cheng F. A cluster of transcripts identifies a transition stage initiating leafy head growth in heading morphotypes of Brassica. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:688-706. [PMID: 35118736 PMCID: PMC9314147 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf heading is an important and economically valuable horticultural trait in many vegetables. The formation of a leafy head is a specialized leaf morphogenesis characterized by the emergence of the enlarged incurving leaves. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanisms underlying the transition to leaf heading remain unclear. We carried out large-scale time-series transcriptome assays covering the major vegetative growth phases of two headingBrassica crops, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, with the non-heading morphotype Taicai as the control. A regulatory transition stage that initiated the heading process is identified, accompanied by a developmental switch from rosette leaf to heading leaf in Chinese cabbages. This transition did not exist in the non-heading control. Moreover, we reveal that the heading transition stage is also conserved in the cabbage clade. Chinese cabbage acquired through domestication a leafy head independently from the origins of heading in other cabbages; phylogenetics supports that the ancestor of all cabbages is non-heading. The launch of the transition stage is closely associated with the ambient temperature. In addition, examination of the biological activities in the transition stage identified the ethylene pathway as particularly active, and we hypothesize that this pathway was targeted for selection for domestication to form the heading trait specifically in Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, our findings on the transcriptome transition that initiated the leaf heading in Chinese cabbage and cabbage provide a new perspective for future studies of leafy head crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yinqing Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Jianli Liang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Shumin Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Xiaona Yin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Lingkui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Michael Freeling
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Feng Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Sino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
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78
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Su D, Xiang W, Liang Q, Wen L, Shi Y, Song B, Liu Y, Xian Z, Li Z. Tomato SlBES1.8 Influences Leaf Morphogenesis by Mediating Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:535-549. [PMID: 35137197 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphogenetic activity determines its shape diversity. However, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism in maintaining leaf morphogenetic capacity is still limited. In tomato, gibberellin (GA) negatively regulates leaf complexity by shortening the morphogenetic window. We here report a tomato BRI1-EMS-suppressor 1 transcription factor, SlBES1.8, that promoted the simplification of leaf pattern in a similar manner as GA functions. OE-SlBES1.8 plants exhibited reduced sensibility to exogenous GA3 treatment whereas showed increased sensibility to the application of GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. In line with the phenotypic observation, the endogenous bioactive GA contents were increased in OE-SlBES1.8 lines, which certainly promoted the degradation of the GA signaling negative regulator, SlDELLA. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis uncovered a set of overlapping genomic targets of SlBES1.8 and GA, and most of them were regulated in the same way. Expression studies showed the repression of SlBES1.8 to the transcriptions of two GA-deactivated genes, SlGA2ox2 and SlGA2ox6, and one GA receptor, SlGID1b-1. Further experiments confirmed the direct regulation of SlBES1.8 to their promoters. On the other hand, SlDELLA physically interacted with SlBES1.8 and further inhibited its transcriptional regulation activity by abolishing SlBES1.8-DNA binding. Conclusively, by mediating GA deactivation and signaling, SlBES1.8 greatly influenced tomato leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bangqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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79
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Nakayama H, Koga H, Long Y, Hamant O, Ferjani A. Looking beyond the gene network - metabolic and mechanical cell drivers of leaf morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275072. [PMID: 35438169 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The above-ground organs in plants display a rich diversity, yet they grow to characteristic sizes and shapes. Organ morphogenesis progresses through a sequence of key events, which are robustly executed spatiotemporally as an emerging property of intrinsic molecular networks while adapting to various environmental cues. This Review focuses on the multiscale control of leaf morphogenesis. Beyond the list of known genetic determinants underlying leaf growth and shape, we focus instead on the emerging novel mechanisms of metabolic and biomechanical regulations that coordinate plant cell growth non-cell-autonomously. This reveals how metabolism and mechanics are not solely passive outcomes of genetic regulation but play instructive roles in leaf morphogenesis. Such an integrative view also extends to fluctuating environmental cues and evolutionary adaptation. This synthesis calls for a more balanced view on morphogenesis, where shapes are considered from the standpoints of geometry, genetics, energy and mechanics, and as emerging properties of the cellular expression of these different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuchen Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501 Tokyo, Japan
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80
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Zhao BG, Li G, Wang YF, Yan Z, Dong FQ, Mei YC, Zeng W, Lu MZ, Li HB, Chao Q, Wang BC. PdeHCA2 affects biomass in Populus by regulating plant architecture, the transition from primary to secondary growth, and photosynthesis. PLANTA 2022; 255:101. [PMID: 35397691 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PdeHCA2 regulates the transition from primary to secondary growth, plant architecture, and affects photosynthesis by targeting PdeBRC1 and controlling the anatomy of the mesophyll, and intercellular space, respectively. Branching, secondary growth, and photosynthesis are vital developmental processes of woody plants that determine plant architecture and timber yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are unknown. Here, we report that the Populus transcription factor High Cambium Activity 2 (PdeHCA2) plays a role in the transition from primary to secondary growth, vascular development, and branching. In Populus, PdeHCA2 is expressed in undifferentiated provascular cells during primary growth, in phloem cells during secondary growth, and in leaf veins, which is different from the expression pattern of its homolog in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of PdeHCA2 has pleiotropic effects on shoot and leaf development; overexpression lines showed delayed growth of shoots and leaves, reduced photosynthesis, and abnormal shoot branching. In addition, auxin-, cytokinin-, and photosynthesis-related genes were differentially regulated in these lines. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transcriptome analysis indicated that PdeHCA2 directly up-regulates the expression of BRANCHED1 and the MADS-box gene PdeAGL9, which regulate plant architecture, by binding to cis-elements in the promoters of these genes. Taken together, our findings suggest that HCA2 regulates several processes in woody plants including vascular development, photosynthesis, and branching by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biligen-Gaowa Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng-Qin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chang Mei
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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81
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Kusnandar AS, Itoh JI, Sato Y, Honda E, Hibara KI, Kyozuka J, Naramoto S. NARROW AND DWARF LEAF 1, the Ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1/DORNRÖSCHEN, Mediates Leaf Development and Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Oryza sativa L. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:265-278. [PMID: 34865135 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for leaf development, a major focus in developmental biology, remains unclear in the monocotyledonous grass, rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we performed a mutant screen in rice and identified an AP2-type transcription factor family protein, NARROW AND DWARF LEAF1 (NDL1). NDL1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana (subsequently called Arabidopsis) ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1)/DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and mediates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Loss of function of NDL1 results in bladeless leaves and SAMs that are flat, rather than dome-shaped, and lack cell proliferation activity. This loss of function also causes reduced auxin signaling. Moreover, as is the case with Arabidopsis ESR1/DRN, NDL1 plays crucial roles in shoot regeneration. Importantly, we found that NDL1 is not expressed in the SAM but is expressed in leaf primordia. We propose that NDL1 cell autonomously regulates leaf development, but non-cell autonomously regulates SAM maintenance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Eriko Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Regional Vitalization, Kibi International University, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, 656-0484 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
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82
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Sun R, Peng Z, Li S, Mei H, Xu Y, Yang W, Lu Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhou C. Developmental Analysis of Compound Leaf Development in Arachis hypogaea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:749809. [PMID: 35222458 PMCID: PMC8866456 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.749809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the primary photosynthetic structures, while photosynthesis is the direct motivation of crop yield formation. As a legume plant, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most economically essential crops as well as an important source of edible oil and protein. The leaves of A. hypogaea are in the tetrafoliate form, which is different from the trifoliate leaf pattern of Medicago truncatula, a model legume species. In A. hypogaea, an even-pinnate leaf with a pair of proximal and distal leaflets was developed; however, only a single terminal leaflet and a pair of lateral leaflets were formed in the odd-pinnate leaf in M. truncatula. In this study, the development of compound leaf in A. hypogaea was investigated. Transcriptomic profiles revealed that the common and unique differentially expressed genes were identified in a proximal leaflet and a distal leaflet, which provided a research route to understand the leaf development in A. hypogaea. Then, a naturally occurring mutant line with leaf developmental defects in A. hypogaea was obtained, which displayed a pentafoliate form with an extra terminal leaflet. The characterization of the mutant indicated that cytokinin and class I KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX were involved in the control of compound leaf pattern in A. hypogaea. These results expand our knowledge and provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of different compound leaf patterns among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenying Peng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyao Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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83
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Molecular Characterization of the miR156/MsSPL Model in Regulating the Compound Leaf Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Alfalfa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020331. [PMID: 35205375 PMCID: PMC8871590 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant leaf patterns and shapes are spectacularly diverse. Changing the complexity of leaflet numbers is a valuable approach to increase its nutrition and photosynthesis. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume species and has diversified compound leaf patterns, which makes it a model species for studying compound leaf development. However, transcriptomic information from alfalfa remains limited. In this study, RNA-Seq technology was used to identify 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between multifoliate and trifoliate alfalfa. Through an analysis of annotation information and expression data, SPL, one of the key regulators in modifiable plant development and abiotic stress response, was further analyzed. Here, thirty MsSPL genes were obtained from the alfalfa genome, of which 16 had the putative miR156 binding site. A tissue expression pattern analysis showed that the miR156-targeted MsSPLs were divided into two classes, namely, either tissue-specific or widely expressed in all tissues. All miR156-targeted SPLs strongly showed diversification and positive roles under drought and salt conditions. Importantly, miR156/MsSPL08 was significantly suppressed in multifoliate alfalfa. Furthermore, in the paralogous mutant of MsSPL08 isolated from Medicago truncatula, the phenotypes of mutant plants reveal that miR156/MsSPL08 is involved not only involved the branches but also especially regulates the number of leaflets. The legume is a typical compound leaf plant; the ratio of the leaflet often affects the quality of the forage. This study sheds light on new functions of SPL genes that regulate leaflet number development.
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84
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Overexpression of Liriodendron tulipifera JAG Gene (LtuJAG) Changes Leaf Shapes in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031322. [PMID: 35163246 PMCID: PMC8836172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, JAGGED (JAG) is a transcription inhibitor that controls the development of leaf polarity and regulates the expression of genes controlling lateral organ formation. Liriodendron tulipifera is an ornamental tree with extraordinary tulip-shaped flowers and goose web-like leaves, this is one of the suitable plants for morphological development research. To investigate the potential functions of the LtuJAG gene, we isolated the full-length LtuJAG from L. tulipifera, transferred it into A. thaliana via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and monitored its expression pattern. Subcellular localization showed that LtuJAG was located in the nucleus. RT-qPCR assays indicated that LtuJAG was expressed mainly in leaf buds and flowers, but not in mature leaves and stems. GUS staining results showed that LtuJAG was expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpressing LtuJAG changed A. thaliana leaf shapes, causing a moderate serration and a slight asymmetric distribution in the medio-lateral and proximal-distal axes. Ectopic expression of LtuJAG induced the expression of lateral organ boundary suppressors JAGGED LATERAL ORGANS (JLO) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX1 (ATH1). It also repressed the expression of the apical meristem suppressor class-1 KNOX gene (KNOX I) and altered endogenous hormone levels. Our results suggest that LtuJAG plays a role in negatively regulating leaf polarity formation in L. tulipifera.
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85
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Hu Y, Xiong J, Shalby N, Zhuo C, Jia Y, Yang QY, Tu J. Comparison of dynamic 3D chromatin architecture uncovers heterosis for leaf size in Brassica napus. J Adv Res 2022; 42:289-301. [PMID: 36513419 PMCID: PMC9788941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterosis is the major event driving plant development and promoting crop breeding, but the molecular bases for this phenomenon remain elusive. OBJECTIVES We aim to explore the effect of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture on the underlying mechanism of heterosis. METHODS Here, we constructed the North Carolina II (NC-II) population to select superior and inferior heterosis sets by comparing mid-parent heterosis (MPH) in Brassica napus. To decipher the impact of 3D chromatin architecture on the underlying mechanism of heterosis, we combined genetics, transcriptomics and 3D genomics approaches. RESULTS We suggest that F1 hybrids with superior heterosis tend to contain more transcriptionally active A compartments compared with F1 hybrids with inferior heterosis, and approximately 19-21% compartment significantly altered in the F1 hybrids relative to the parental lines. Further analyses show that chromatin compartments correlate with genetic variance among parents, which may form the basis for differentially active chromatin compartments. Having more A compartments in F1 hybrids confers a more accessible chromatin circumstance, which promotes a higher proportion of highly expressed ELD (expression level dominance) genes in superior heterosis F1 hybrids (46-64%) compared with inferior heterosis F1 hybrids (22-31%). Moreover, genes related to hormones which affect plant growth, are more up-regulated with changes of 3D genome architecture, and we validate that increased hormone content contributes to cell proliferation and expansion by influencing the key genes of cell cycle thereby promoting leaf size. CONCLUSION Dynamic 3D chromatin architecture correlates with genetic variance among parents and contributes to heterosis in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Nesma Shalby
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Chenjian Zhuo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yupeng Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China,Corresponding authors at: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China (Q.-Y. Yang).
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China,Corresponding authors at: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China (Q.-Y. Yang).
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86
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Mo X, He L, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhao B, Chen J. The Genetic Control of the Compound Leaf Patterning in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:749989. [PMID: 35095943 PMCID: PMC8792858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple and compound which are the two basic types of leaves are distinguished by the pattern of the distribution of blades on the petiole. Compared to simple leaves comprising a single blade, compound leaves have multiple blade units and exhibit more complex and diverse patterns of organ organization, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their pattern formation are receiving more and more attention in recent years. Studies in model legume Medicago truncatula have led to an improved understanding of the genetic control of the compound leaf patterning. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about the compound leaf morphogenesis of M. truncatula, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation. It also includes some comparisons of the molecular mechanisms between leaf morphogenesis of different model species and offers useful information for the molecular design of legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongfa Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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87
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Guo X, Liang J, Lin R, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang X. Series-Spatial Transcriptome Profiling of Leafy Head Reveals the Key Transition Leaves for Head Formation in Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787826. [PMID: 35069646 PMCID: PMC8770947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is an important leaf heading vegetable crop. At the heading stage, its leaves across inner to outer show significant morphological differentiation. However, the genetic control of this complex leaf morphological differentiation remains unclear. Here, we reported the transcriptome profiling of Chinese cabbage plant at the heading stage using 24 spatially dissected tissues representing different regions of the inner to outer leaves. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis clearly separated the inner leaf tissues from the outer leaf tissues. In particular, we identified the key transition leaf by the spatial expression analysis of key genes for leaf development and sugar metabolism. We observed that the key transition leaves were the first inwardly curved ones. Surprisingly, most of the heading candidate genes identified by domestication selection analysis obviously showed a corresponding expression transition, supporting that key transition leaves are related to leafy head formation. The key transition leaves were controlled by a complex signal network, including not only internal hormones and protein kinases but also external light and other stimuli. Our findings provide new insights and the rich resource to unravel the genetic control of heading traits.
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88
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Gonçalves B. Case not closed: the mystery of the origin of the carpel. EvoDevo 2021; 12:14. [PMID: 34911578 PMCID: PMC8672599 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carpel is a fascinating structure that plays a critical role in flowering plant reproduction and contributed greatly to the evolutionary success and diversification of flowering plants. The remarkable feature of the carpel is that it is a closed structure that envelopes the ovules and after fertilization develops into the fruit which protects, helps disperse, and supports seed development into a new plant. Nearly all plant-based foods are either derived from a flowering plant or are a direct product of the carpel. Given its importance it's no surprise that plant and evolutionary biologists have been trying to explain the origin of the carpel for a long time. Before carpel evolution seeds were produced on open leaf-like structures that are exposed to the environment. When the carpel evolved in the stem lineage of flowering plants, seeds became protected within its closed structure. The evolutionary transition from that open precursor to the closed carpel remains one of the greatest mysteries of plant evolution. In recent years, we have begun to complete a picture of what the first carpels might have looked like. On the other hand, there are still many gaps in our understanding of what the precursor of the carpel looked like and what changes to its developmental mechanisms allowed for this evolutionary transition. This review aims to present an overview of existing theories of carpel evolution with a particular emphasis on those that account for the structures that preceded the carpel and/or present testable developmental hypotheses. In the second part insights from the development and evolution of diverse plant organs are gathered to build a developmental hypothesis for the evolutionary transition from a hypothesized laminar open structure to the closed structure of the carpel.
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89
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Xu Y, Lei Y, Su Z, Zhao M, Zhang J, Shen G, Wang L, Li J, Qi J, Wu J. A chromosome-scale Gastrodia elata genome and large-scale comparative genomic analysis indicate convergent evolution by gene loss in mycoheterotrophic and parasitic plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1609-1623. [PMID: 34647389 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycoheterotrophic and parasitic plants are heterotrophic and parasitize on fungi and plants, respectively, to obtain nutrients. Large-scale comparative genomics analysis has not been conducted in mycoheterotrophic or parasitic plants or between these two groups of parasites. We assembled a chromosome-level genome of the fully mycoheterotrophic plant Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae) and performed comparative genomic analyses on the genomes of G. elata and four orchids (initial mycoheterotrophs), three parasitic plants (Cuscuta australis, Striga asiatica, and Sapria himalayana), and 36 autotrophs from various angiosperm lineages. It was found that while in the hemiparasite S. asiatica and initial mycoheterotrophic orchids, approximately 4-5% of the conserved orthogroups were lost, the fully heterotrophic G. elata and C. australis both lost approximately 10% of the conserved orthogroups, indicating that increased heterotrophy is positively associated with gene loss. Importantly, many genes that are essential for autotrophs, including those involved in photosynthesis, the circadian clock, flowering time regulation, immunity, nutrient uptake, and root and leaf development, were convergently lost in both G. elata and C. australis. The high-quality genome of G. elata will facilitate future studies on the physiology, ecology, and evolution of mycoheterotrophic plants, and our findings highlight the critical role of gene loss in the evolution of plants with heterotrophic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunting Lei
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhongxiang Su
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guojing Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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90
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Lin W, Wang Y, Coudert Y, Kierzkowski D. Leaf Morphogenesis: Insights From the Moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736212. [PMID: 34630486 PMCID: PMC8494982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Specialized photosynthetic organs have appeared several times independently during the evolution of land plants. Phyllids, the leaf-like organs of bryophytes such as mosses or leafy liverworts, display a simple morphology, with a small number of cells and cell types and lack typical vascular tissue which contrasts greatly with flowering plants. Despite this, the leaf structures of these two plant types share many morphological characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of leaf morphogenesis in the model moss Physcomitrium patens, focusing on the underlying cellular patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms. We discuss this knowledge in an evolutionary context and identify parallels between moss and flowering plant leaf development. Finally, we propose potential research directions that may help to answer fundamental questions in plant development using moss leaves as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenye Lin
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yoan Coudert
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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91
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Luo C, Wang S, Ning K, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang Q. LsAP2 regulates leaf morphology by inhibiting CIN-like TCP transcription factors and repressing LsKAN2 in lettuce. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:184. [PMID: 34465756 PMCID: PMC8408249 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf size and flatness directly affect photosynthesis and are closely related to agricultural yield. The final leaf size and shape are coordinately determined by cell proliferation, differentiation, and expansion during leaf development. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy vegetables worldwide, and lettuce leaves vary in shape and size. However, the molecular mechanisms of leaf development in lettuce are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the lettuce APETALA2 (LsAP2) gene regulates leaf morphology. LsAP2 encodes a transcriptional repressor that contains the conserved EAR motif, which mediates interactions with the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) corepressors. Overexpression of LsAP2 led to small and crinkly leaves, and many bulges were seen on the surface of the leaf blade. LsAP2 physically interacted with the CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors and inhibited their transcriptional activation activity. RNA sequencing analysis showed that LsAP2 affected the expression of auxin- and polarity-related genes. In addition, LsAP2 directly repressed the abaxial identity gene KANADI2 (LsKAN2). Together, these results indicate that LsAP2 regulates leaf morphology by inhibiting CIN-like TCP transcription factors and repressing LsKAN2, and our work provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of leaf development in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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92
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Lin X, Yuan C, Zhu B, Yuan T, Li X, Yuan S, Cui S, Zhao H. LFR Physically and Genetically Interacts With SWI/SNF Component SWI3B to Regulate Leaf Blade Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717649. [PMID: 34456957 PMCID: PMC8385146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaves start to develop at the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem. Thereafter, symmetric and flattened leaf laminae are formed. These events are simultaneously regulated by auxin, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulatory factors. However, the relationships among these factors are not well known. In this study, we conducted protein-protein interaction assays to show that our previously reported Leaf and Flower Related (LFR) physically interacted with SWI3B, a component of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex in Arabidopsis. The results of truncated analysis and transgenic complementation showed that the N-terminal domain (25-60 amino acids) of LFR was necessary for its interaction with SWI3B and was crucial for LFR functions in Arabidopsis leaf development. Genetic results showed that the artificial microRNA knockdown lines of SWI3B (SWI3B-amic) had a similar upward-curling leaf phenotype with that of LFR loss-of-function mutants. ChIP-qPCR assay was conducted to show that LFR and SWI3B co-targeted the promoters of YABBY1/FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (YAB1/FIL) and IAA carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (IAMT1), which were misexpressed in lfr and SWI3B-amic mutants. In addition, the association between LFR and the FIL and IAMT1 loci was partly hampered by the knockdown of SWI3B. These data suggest that LFR interacts with the chromatin-remodeling complex component, SWI3B, and influences the transcriptional expression of the important transcription factor, FIL, and the auxin metabolism enzyme, IAMT1, in flattened leaf lamina development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bonan Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sujuan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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93
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Zhang T, You J, Zhang Y, Yao W, Chen W, Duan Q, Xiao W, Ye L, Zhou Y, Sang X, Ling Y, He G, Li Y. LF1 regulates the lateral organs polarity development in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1265-1277. [PMID: 33469925 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of adaxial-abaxial tissues plays a vital role in the morphology of lateral organs, which is maintained by antagonism between the genes that specify adaxial and abaxial tissue identity. The homeo-domain leucine zipper class III (HD-ZIP III) family genes regulate adaxial identity; however, little information is known about the physical interactions or transcriptionally regulated downstream genes of HD-ZIP III. In this study, we identified a dominant rice mutant, lateral floret 1 (lf1), which has defects in lateral organ polarity. LF1 encodes the HD-ZIP III transcription factor, which expressed in the adaxial area of lateral organs. LF1 can activate directly the expression of LITTLE ZIPPER family gene OsZPR4 and HD-ZIP II family gene OsHOX1, and OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 respectively interact with LF1 to form a heterodimer to repress the transcriptional activity of LF1. LF1 influences indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content by directly regulating the expression of OsYUCCA6. Therefore, LF1 forms negative feedback loops between OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 to affect IAA content, leading to the regulation of lateral organs polarity development. These results reveal the cross-talk among HD-ZIP III, LITTLE ZIPPER, and HD-ZIP II proteins and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarity development of lateral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing You
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wanyue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiannan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Ye
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yinghua Ling
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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94
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Voitsekhovskaja OV, Melnikova AN, Demchenko KN, Ivanova AN, Dmitrieva VA, Maksimova AI, Lohaus G, Tomos AD, Tyutereva EV, Koroleva OA. Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:695415. [PMID: 34394148 PMCID: PMC8358407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to develop secondary (post-cytokinetic) plasmodesmata (PD) is an important evolutionary advantage that helps in creating symplastic domains within the plant body. Developmental regulation of secondary PD formation is not completely understood. In flowering plants, secondary PD occur exclusively between cells from different lineages, e.g., at the L1/L2 interface within shoot apices, or between leaf epidermis (L1-derivative), and mesophyll (L2-derivative). However, the highest numbers of secondary PD occur in the minor veins of leaf between bundle sheath cells and phloem companion cells in a group of plant species designated "symplastic" phloem loaders, as opposed to "apoplastic" loaders. This poses a question of whether secondary PD formation is upregulated in general in symplastic loaders. Distribution of PD in leaves and in shoot apices of two symplastic phloem loaders, Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana, was compared with that in two apoplastic loaders, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Hordeum vulgare (barley), using immunolabeling of the PD-specific proteins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Single-cell sampling was performed to correlate sugar allocation between leaf epidermis and mesophyll to PD abundance. Although the distribution of PD in the leaf lamina (except within the vascular tissues) and in the meristem layers was similar in all species examined, far fewer PD were found at the epidermis/epidermis and mesophyll/epidermis boundaries in apoplastic loaders compared to symplastic loaders. In the latter, the leaf epidermis accumulated sugar, suggesting sugar import from the mesophyll via PD. Thus, leaf epidermis and mesophyll might represent a single symplastic domain in Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna N. Melnikova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill N. Demchenko
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Ivanova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria A. Dmitrieva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Gertrud Lohaus
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Plant Research/Plant Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. Deri Tomos
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Elena V. Tyutereva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A. Koroleva
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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95
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Cui G, Zhao M, Tan H, Wang Z, Meng M, Sun F, Zhang C, Xi Y. RNA Sequencing Reveals Dynamic Carbohydrate Metabolism and Phytohormone Signaling Accompanying Post-mowing Regeneration of Forage Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664933. [PMID: 34394136 PMCID: PMC8358837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used as fresh green winter forage worldwide, and its ability to regenerate after mowing determines whether it can be used for forage production; however, the molecular mechanism of regeneration is poorly understood. This study identified long-chain coding and non-coding RNAs in the wheat cultivar "XN9106," which is cultivated for forage and grain production separately in winter and summer, and analyzed their function during post-mowing regeneration. The results showed that the degradation of carbohydrate plays an important role in regeneration, as demonstrated by decreased carbohydrate content. The increased gene expression of enzymes including β-amylase, β-fructofuranosidase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in mowed seedlings suggests regeneration is fueled by degraded carbohydrates that provide energy and carbon skeletons for the Krebs cycle and amino acid synthesis. The decreased auxin content relieved the inhibition of cytokinin synthesis, that controls the transition from cell division to cell expansion and stimulates cell expansion and differentiation during the cell expansion phase, and eventually accelerate post-mowing regeneration of seedlings. Additionally, differentially expressed long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might participate in the regulation of gene expression related to carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signal transduction. This study demonstrated the responses of key mRNAs and lncRNAs during post-mowing regeneration of winter wheat and revealed the importance of carbohydrate and hormone during regeneration, providing valuable information for genetic improvement of forage wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbin Tan
- Shaanxi Province Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Min Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
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96
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Jarończyk K, Sosnowska K, Zaborowski A, Pupel P, Bucholc M, Małecka E, Siwirykow N, Stachula P, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Koblowska M, Jerzmanowski A, Archacki R. Bromodomain-containing subunits BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are required for proper functioning of SWI/SNF complexes in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100174. [PMID: 34327319 PMCID: PMC8299063 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complexes that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to change chromatin structure. A characteristic feature of SWI/SNF remodelers is the occurrence in both the catalytic ATPase subunit and some auxiliary subunits, of bromodomains, the protein motifs capable of binding acetylated histones. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are likely true SWI/SNF subunits that interact with the core SWI/SNF components SWI3C and SWP73B. Loss of function of each single BRD protein caused early flowering but had a negligible effect on other developmental pathways. By contrast, a brd triple mutation (brdx3) led to more pronounced developmental abnormalities, indicating functional redundancy among the BRD proteins. The brdx3 phenotypes, including hypersensitivity to abscisic acid and the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, resembled those of swi/snf mutants. Furthermore, the BRM protein level and occupancy at the direct target loci SCL3, ABI5, and SVP were reduced in the brdx3 mutant background. Finally, a brdx3 brm-3 quadruple mutant, in which SWI/SNF complexes were devoid of all constituent bromodomains, phenocopied a loss-of-function mutation in BRM. Taken together, our results demonstrate the relevance of BRDs as SWI/SNF subunits and suggest their cooperation with the bromodomain of BRM ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Jarończyk
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Zaborowski
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pupel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Bucholc
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Małecka
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nina Siwirykow
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Stachula
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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97
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Liu X, Chen J, Zhang X. Genetic regulation of shoot architecture in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:143. [PMID: 34193859 PMCID: PMC8245548 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop species with great economic value. Shoot architecture determines the visual appearance of plants and has a strong impact on crop management and yield. Unlike most model plant species, cucumber undergoes vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem and flowers are generated from leaf axils, during the majority of its life, a feature representative of the Cucurbitaceae family. Despite substantial advances achieved in understanding the regulation of plant form in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling shoot architecture in Cucurbitaceae crop species is still limited. In this review, we focus on recent progress on elucidating the genetic regulatory pathways underlying the determinant/indeterminant growth habit, leaf shape, branch outgrowth, tendril identity, and vine length determination in cucumber. We also discuss the potential of applying biotechnology tools and resources for the generation of ideal plant types with desired architectural features to improve cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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98
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Wang H, Kong F, Zhou C. From genes to networks: The genetic control of leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1181-1196. [PMID: 33615731 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Substantial diversity exists for both the size and shape of the leaf, the main photosynthetic organ of flowering plants. The two major forms of leaf are simple leaves, in which the leaf blade is undivided, and compound leaves, which comprise several leaflets. Leaves form at the shoot apical meristem from a group of undifferentiated cells, which first establish polarity, then grow and differentiate. Each of these processes is controlled by a combination of transcriptional regulators, microRNAs and phytohormones. The present review documents recent advances in our understanding of how these various factors modulate the development of both simple leaves (focusing mainly on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana) and compound leaves (focusing mainly on the model legume species Medicago truncatula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
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99
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Rankenberg T, Geldhof B, van Veen H, Holsteens K, Van de Poel B, Sasidharan R. Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:692-705. [PMID: 33509699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental age is a strong determinant of stress responses in plants. Differential susceptibility to various environmental stresses is widely observed at both the organ and whole-plant level. While it is clear that age determines stress susceptibility, the causes, regulatory mechanisms, and functions are only now beginning to emerge. Compared with concepts on age-related biotic stress resilience, advancements in the abiotic stress field are relatively limited. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of ontogenic resistance to abiotic stresses, highlighting examples at the organ (leaf) and plant level, preceded by an overview of the relevant concepts in plant aging. We also discuss age-related abiotic stress resilience mechanisms, speculate on their functional relevance, and outline outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rankenberg
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Batist Geldhof
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristof Holsteens
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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100
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Romanowski A, Furniss JJ, Hussain E, Halliday KJ. Phytochrome regulates cellular response plasticity and the basic molecular machinery of leaf development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1220-1239. [PMID: 33693822 PMCID: PMC8195529 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are plastic organisms that optimize growth in response to a changing environment. This adaptive capability is regulated by external cues, including light, which provides vital information about the habitat. Phytochrome photoreceptors detect far-red light, indicative of nearby vegetation, and elicit the adaptive shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), which is critical for plant survival. Plants exhibiting SAS are typically more elongated, with distinctive, small, narrow leaf blades. By applying SAS-inducing end-of-day far-red (EoD FR) treatments at different times during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf 3 development, we have shown that SAS restricts leaf blade size through two distinct cellular strategies. Early SAS induction limits cell division, while later exposure limits cell expansion. This flexible strategy enables phytochromes to maintain control of leaf size through the proliferative and expansion phases of leaf growth. mRNAseq time course data, accessible through a community resource, coupled to a bioinformatics pipeline, identified pathways that underlie these dramatic changes in leaf growth. Phytochrome regulates a suite of major development pathways that control cell division, expansion, and cell fate. Further, phytochromes control cell proliferation through synchronous regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, and cytokinesis, and play an important role in sustaining ribosome biogenesis and translation throughout leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Romanowski
- Halliday Lab, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences (IMPS), King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Comparative Genomics of Plant Development, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Buenos Aires (IIBBA) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James J Furniss
- Halliday Lab, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences (IMPS), King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ejaz Hussain
- Halliday Lab, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences (IMPS), King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen J Halliday
- Halliday Lab, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences (IMPS), King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Author for communication:
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