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Gálvez-Rosas A, Avila-Luna A, Valdés-Flores M, Montes S, Bueno-Nava A. GABAergic imbalance is normalized by dopamine D 1 receptor activation in the striatum contralateral to the cortical injury in motor deficit-recovered rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2211-2222. [PMID: 30859334 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The sensorimotor cortex and the striatum are interconnected by the corticostriatal pathway, suggesting that cortical injury alters the striatal function, which may be modulated by dopamine. OBJECTIVES We studied whether the activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) modulates the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels in the striatum of recovered rats at 192 h after cortical injury. METHODS The D1R agonist SKF-38393 (0, 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg) was administered at 24, 48, 96, and 192 h post-injury, and then rats were decapitated to determine GABA and glutamate levels and the levels of D1R mRNA on both sides of the striatum. RESULTS GABAergic imbalance in the striatum contralateral to the injury site was normalized by the administration of the D1R agonist, but this treatment did not produce a significant effect on glutamate levels, suggesting that glutamate was metabolized into GABA. The administration of SKF-38393 (2 mg/kg) decreased the levels of D1R mRNA in the striatum contralateral to the injury, and this effect was blocked by the coadministration of the D1R antagonist SCH-23390 (2 mg/kg). In the striatum ipsilateral to the injury, the D1R agonist increased the D1R mRNA levels, an effect that was blocked by SCH-23390. CONCLUSION The reversal of the GABAergic imbalance in the striatum contralateral to the cortical injury can be modulated by extrastriatal D1R activation, and the D1R agonist-induced increases in the D1R mRNA levels in the striatum ipsilateral to the injury suggest that the striatum may be necessary to achieve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Gálvez-Rosas
- Lab. Neurofisiología Química de la Discapacidad, División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Avila-Luna
- Lab. Neurofisiología Química de la Discapacidad, División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Departamento de Genética y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, SSa, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bueno-Nava
- Lab. Neurofisiología Química de la Discapacidad, División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
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52
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Weil ZM, Karelina K, Corrigan JD. Does pediatric traumatic brain injury cause adult alcohol misuse: Combining preclinical and epidemiological approaches. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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McGuire JL, Ngwenya LB, McCullumsmith RE. Neurotransmitter changes after traumatic brain injury: an update for new treatment strategies. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:995-1012. [PMID: 30214042 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pervasive problem in the United States and worldwide, as the number of diagnosed individuals is increasing yearly and there are no efficacious therapeutic interventions. A large number of patients suffer with cognitive disabilities and psychiatric conditions after TBI, especially anxiety and depression. The constellation of post-injury cognitive and behavioral symptoms suggest permanent effects of injury on neurotransmission. Guided in part by preclinical studies, clinical trials have focused on high-yield pathophysiologic mechanisms, including protein aggregation, inflammation, metabolic disruption, cell generation, physiology, and alterations in neurotransmitter signaling. Despite successful treatment of experimental TBI in animal models, clinical studies based on these findings have failed to translate to humans. The current international effort to reshape TBI research is focusing on redefining the taxonomy and characterization of TBI. In addition, as the next round of clinical trials is pending, there is a pressing need to consider what the field has learned over the past two decades of research, and how we can best capitalize on this knowledge to inform the hypotheses for future innovations. Thus, it is critically important to extend our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, particularly to mechanisms that are associated with recovery versus development of chronic symptoms. In this review, we focus on the pathology of neurotransmission after TBI, reflecting on what has been learned from both the preclinical and clinical studies, and we discuss new directions and opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McGuire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Laura B Ngwenya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Neurotrauma Center, University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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54
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Jenkins PO, De Simoni S, Bourke NJ, Fleminger J, Scott G, Towey DJ, Svensson W, Khan S, Patel M, Greenwood R, Cole JH, Sharp DJ. Dopaminergic abnormalities following traumatic brain injury. Brain 2019; 141:797-810. [PMID: 29360949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury can reduce striatal dopamine levels. The cause of this is uncertain, but is likely to be related to damage to the nigrostriatal system. We investigated the pattern of striatal dopamine abnormalities using 123I-Ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans and their relationship to nigrostriatal damage and clinical features. We studied 42 moderate-severe traumatic brain injury patients with cognitive impairments but no motor parkinsonism signs and 20 healthy controls. 123I-Ioflupane scanning was used to assess dopamine transporter levels. Clinical scan reports were compared to quantitative dopamine transporter results. Advanced MRI methods were used to assess the nigrostriatal system, including the area through which the nigrostriatal projections pass as defined from high-resolution Human Connectome data. Detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments were performed. Around 20% of our moderate-severe patients had clear evidence of reduced specific binding ratios for the dopamine transporter in the striatum measured using 123I-Ioflupane SPECT. The caudate was affected more consistently than other striatal regions. Dopamine transporter abnormalities were associated with reduced substantia nigra volume. In addition, diffusion MRI provided evidence of damage to the regions through which the nigrostriatal tract passes, particularly the area traversed by dopaminergic projections to the caudate. Only a small percentage of patients had evidence of macroscopic lesions in the striatum and there was no relationship between presence of lesions and dopamine transporter specific binding ratio abnormalities. There was also no relationship between reduced volume in the striatal subregions and reduced dopamine transporter specific binding ratios. Patients with low caudate dopamine transporter specific binding ratios show impaired processing speed and executive dysfunction compared to patients with normal levels. Taken together, our results suggest that the dopaminergic system is affected by a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury in a significant proportion of patients, even in the absence of clinical motor parkinsonism. Reduced dopamine transporter levels are most commonly seen in the caudate and this is likely to reflect the pattern of nigrostriatal tract damage produced by axonal injury and associated midbrain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Jenkins
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara De Simoni
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Niall J Bourke
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jessica Fleminger
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gregory Scott
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David J Towey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - William Svensson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sameer Khan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maneesh Patel
- Imaging Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Greenwood
- Institute of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James H Cole
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Martens KM, Pechacek KM, Modrak CG, Milleson VJ, Zhu B, Vonder Haar C. Cathodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Selectively Decreases Impulsivity after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2827-2830. [PMID: 31072218 PMCID: PMC6744944 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in chronic psychiatric-like symptoms. In a condition with few therapeutic options, neuromodulation has emerged as a promising potential treatment avenue for these individuals. The goal of the current study was to determine if transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) could treat deficits of impulsivity and attention in rats. This could then be used as a model to investigate treatment parameters and the mechanism of action underlying therapeutic effects. Rats were trained on a task to measure attention and motor impulsivity (five-choice serial reaction time task), then given a frontal, controlled cortical impact injury. After rats recovered to a new baseline, tDCS (cathodal, 10 min, 800 μA) was delivered daily prior to testing in a counterbalanced, cross-over design. Treatment with tDCS selectively reduced impulsivity in the TBI group, and the greatest recovery occurred in the rats with the largest deficits. With these data, we have established a rat model for studying the effects of tDCS on psychiatric-like dysfunction. More research is needed to determine the mechanism of action by which tDCS-related gains occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M Martens
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kristen M Pechacek
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cassandra G Modrak
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Virginia J Milleson
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Binxing Zhu
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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56
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Gan ZS, Stein SC, Swanson R, Guan S, Garcia L, Mehta D, Smith DH. Blood Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Assessment of Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31105646 PMCID: PMC6498532 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood biomarkers have been explored for their potential to provide objective measures in the assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear which biomarkers are best for diagnosis and prognosis in different severities of TBI. Here, we compare existing studies on the discriminative abilities of serum biomarkers for four commonly studied clinical situations: detecting concussion, predicting intracranial damage after mild TBI (mTBI), predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, and predicting adverse outcome after severe TBI (sTBI). We conducted a literature search of publications on biomarkers in TBI published up until July 2018. Operating characteristics were pooled for each biomarker for comparison. For detecting concussion, 4 biomarker panels and creatine kinase B type had excellent discriminative ability. For detecting intracranial injury and the need for a head CT scan after mTBI, 2 biomarker panels, and hyperphosphorylated tau had excellent operating characteristics. For predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, top candidates included calpain-derived αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment, tau A, neurofilament light, and ghrelin. For predicting adverse outcome following sTBI, no biomarker had excellent performance, but several had good performance, including markers of coagulation and inflammation, structural proteins in the brain, and proteins involved in homeostasis. The highest-performing biomarkers in each of these categories may provide insight into the pathophysiologies underlying mild and severe TBI. With further study, these biomarkers have the potential to be used alongside clinical and radiological data to improve TBI diagnostics, prognostics, and evidence-based medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe S Gan
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sherman C Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Randel Swanson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Rehabilitation Medicine Service, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shaobo Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizette Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Devanshi Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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57
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Sanz LRD, Lejeune N, Blandiaux S, Bonin E, Thibaut A, Stender J, Farber NM, Zafonte RD, Schiff ND, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Treating Disorders of Consciousness With Apomorphine: Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Using Multimodal Assessments. Front Neurol 2019; 10:248. [PMID: 30941094 PMCID: PMC6433751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few available therapeutic options to promote recovery among patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Among pharmacological treatments, apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, has exhibited promising behavioral effects and safety of use in small-sample pilot studies. The true efficacy of the drug and its neural mechanism are still unclear. Apomorphine may act through a modulation of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit, but neuroimaging and neurophysiological investigations to test this hypothesis are scarce. This clinical trial aims to (1) assess the treatment effect of subcutaneous apomorphine infusions in patients with DOC, (2) better identify the phenotype of responders to treatment, (3) evaluate tolerance and side effects in this population, and (4) examine the neural networks underlying its modulating action on consciousness. Methods/Design: This study is a prospective double-blind randomized parallel placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight patients diagnosed with DOC will be randomized to receive a 30-day regimen of either apomorphine hydrochloride or placebo subcutaneous infusions. Patients will be monitored at baseline 30 days before initiation of therapy, during treatment and for 30 days after treatment washout, using standardized behavioral scales (Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, Nociception Coma Scale-Revised), neurophysiological measures (electroencephalography, body temperature, actigraphy) and brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography). Behavioral follow-up will be performed up to 2 years using structured phone interviews. Analyses will look for changes in behavioral status, circadian rhythmicity, brain metabolism, and functional connectivity at the individual level (comparing before and after treatment) and at the group level (comparing apomorphine and placebo arms, and comparing responder and non-responder groups). Discussion: This study investigates the use of apomorphine for the recovery of consciousness in the first randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial using multimodal assessments. The results will contribute to define the role of dopamine agonists for the treatment of these challenging conditions and identify the neural correlates to their action. Results will bring objective evidence to further assess the modulation of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit by pharmacological agents, which may open new therapeutic perspectives. Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT n°2018-003144-23; Clinicaltrials.gov n°NCT03623828 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03623828).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro R. D. Sanz
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lejeune
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- CHN William Lennox, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Luc, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neurosciences, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Séverine Blandiaux
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Estelle Bonin
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johan Stender
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Neal M. Farber
- NeuroHealing Pharmaceuticals Inc., Newton, MA, United States
| | - Ross D. Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Schiff
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven Laureys
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Olivia Gosseries
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58
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Carlson SW, Dixon CE. Lithium Improves Dopamine Neurotransmission and Increases Dopaminergic Protein Abundance in the Striatum after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2827-2836. [PMID: 29699444 PMCID: PMC6247981 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) recapitulate secondary injury sequela and cognitive dysfunction reported in patients afflicted with a TBI. Impairments in neurotransmission are reported in multiple brain regions in the weeks following experimental TBI and may contribute to behavioral dysfunction. Formation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex is an important mechanism for neurotransmitter exocytosis. We previously showed that lithium treatment attenuated hippocampal decreases in α-synuclein and VAMP2, enhanced SNARE complex formation, and improved cognitive performance after TBI. However, the effect of TBI on striatal SNARE complex formation is not known. We hypothesized lithium treatment would attenuate TBI-induced impairments in evoked dopamine release and increase the abundance of synaptic proteins associated with dopamine neurotransmission. The current study evaluated the effect of lithium (1 mmol/kg/day) administration on striatal evoked dopamine neurotransmission, SNARE complex formation, and proposed actions of lithium, including inhibition of GSK3β, assessment of synaptic marker protein abundance, and synaptic proteins important for dopamine synthesis and transport following controlled cortical impact (CCI). Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to CCI or sham injury and treated daily with lithium chloride or vehicle for 7 days post-injury. We provide novel evidence that CCI reduces SNARE protein and SNARE complex abundance in the striatum at 1 week post-injury. Lithium administration improved evoked dopamine release and increased the abundance of α-synuclein, D2 receptor, and phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase in striatal synaptosomes post-injury. These findings show that lithium treatment attenuated dopamine neurotransmission deficits and increased the abundance of synaptic proteins important for dopamine signaling after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W. Carlson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C. Edward Dixon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Vonder Haar C, Ferland JMN, Kaur S, Riparip LK, Rosi S, Winstanley CA. Cocaine self-administration is increased after frontal traumatic brain injury and associated with neuroinflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2134-2145. [PMID: 30118561 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to the development of numerous psychiatric diseases, including substance use disorder. However, it can be difficult to ascertain from clinical data whether the TBI is cause or consequence of increased addiction vulnerability. Surprisingly few studies have taken advantage of animal models to investigate the causal nature of this relationship. In terms of a plausible neurobiological mechanism through which TBI could magnify the risk of substance dependence, numerous studies indicate that TBI can cause widespread disruption to monoaminergic signaling in striatal regions, and also increases neuroinflammation. In the current study, male Long-Evans rats received either a mild or severe TBI centered over the frontal cortex via controlled cortical impact, and were subsequently trained to self-administer cocaine over 10 6-hour sessions. At the end of the study, markers of striatal dopaminergic function, and levels of inflammatory cytokine levels in the frontal lobes, were assessed via western blot and multiplex ELISA, respectively. There was significantly higher cocaine intake in a subset of animals with either mild or severe TBI. However, many animals within both TBI groups failed to acquire self-administration. Principal components analysis suggested that both dopaminergic and neuroinflammatory proteins were associated with overall cocaine intake, yet only an inflammatory component was associated with acquisition of self-administration, suggesting neuroinflammation may make a more substantial contribution to the likelihood of drug-taking. Should neuroinflammation play a causal role in mediating TBI-induced addiction risk, anti-inflammatory therapy may reduce the likelihood of substance abuse in TBI populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6040, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lara-Kirstie Riparip
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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60
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Wang W, Liu L, Chen C, Jiang P, Zhang T. Protective effects of dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist piribedil on learning and memory of rats exposed to global cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotypes and Parenting Influence on Long-Term Executive Functioning After Moderate to Severe Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018; 32:404-412. [PMID: 28060209 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 genotypes as moderators of the effects of parenting style on postinjury changes in parent behavior ratings of executive dysfunction following moderate to severe early childhood traumatic brain injury. SETTING Research was conducted in an outpatient setting. PARTICIPANTS Participants included children admitted to hospital with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (n = 55) or orthopedic injuries (n = 70) between ages 3 and 7 years. DESIGN Prospective cohort followed over 7 years postinjury. MAIN MEASURES Parenting Practices Questionnaire and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months, and 3.5 and 6.8 years postinjury. DNA was collected from saliva samples, purified using the Oragene (DNA Genotek, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) OG-500 self-collection tubes, and analyzed using TaqMan (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) assay protocols to identify the COMT rs4680 polymorphism. RESULTS Linear mixed models revealed a significant genotype × parenting style × time interaction (F = 5.72, P = .02), which suggested that the adverse effects of authoritarian parenting on postinjury development of executive functioning were buffered by the presence of the COMT AA genotype (lower enzyme activity, higher dopamine levels). There were no significant associations of executive functioning with the interaction between genotype and authoritative or permissive parenting ratings. CONCLUSION The lower activity COMT rs4680 genotype may buffer the negative effect of authoritarian parenting on long-term executive functioning following injury in early childhood. The findings provide preliminary evidence for associations of parenting style with executive dysfunction in children and for a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors as contributors to decreases in these problems after traumatic injuries in children. Further investigation is warranted to understand the interplay among genetic and environmental factors related to recovery after traumatic brain injury in children.
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Smith-Paine J, Wade SL, Treble-Barna A, Zhang N, Zang H, Martin LJ, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Kurowski BG. The Moderating Effect of the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing One Gene on the Association of Family Environment with Longitudinal Executive Function following Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Childhood: A Preliminary Study. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2796-2802. [PMID: 29717626 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene (ANKK1) C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800497 moderated the association of family environment with long-term executive function (EF) following traumatic injury in early childhood. Caregivers of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and children with orthopedic injury completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) at post-injury visits. DNA was collected to identify the rs1800497 genotype in the ANKK1 gene. General linear models examined gene-environment interactions as moderators of the effects of TBI on EF at two times post-injury (12 months and 7 years). At 12 months post-injury, analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction of genotype with level of permissive parenting and injury type. Post hoc analyses showed genetic effects were more pronounced for children with TBI from more positive family environments, such that children with TBI who were carriers of the risk allele (T-allele) had significantly poorer EF compared with non-carriers only when they were from more advantaged environments. At 7 years post-injury, analyses revealed a significant two-way interaction of genotype with level of authoritarian parenting. Post hoc analyses found that carriers of the risk allele had significantly poorer EF compared with non-carriers only when they were from more advantaged environments. These results suggest a gene-environment interaction involving the ANKK1 gene as a predictor of EF in a pediatric injury population. The findings highlight the importance of considering environmental influences in future genetic studies on recovery following TBI and other traumatic injuries in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Smith-Paine
- 1 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shari L Wade
- 1 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amery Treble-Barna
- 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nanhua Zhang
- 3 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huaiyu Zang
- 3 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- 4 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- 5 Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- 6 Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brad G Kurowski
- 1 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,7 Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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63
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Plummer NR, Tam AWF, Mulvaney CA, Preston NJ, Laha SK. Dopamine agonists for traumatic brain injury. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Plummer
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Critical Care Unit, Royal Preston Hospital; Sharoe Green Lane Preston Lancashire UK PR1 9TS
- Health Education East Midlands; Westbridge Place 1 Westbridge Close Leicester Leicestershirew UK LE3 5DR
| | - Alex WF Tam
- University of Liverpool; School of Health Sciences; Liverpool UK
| | | | - Nancy J Preston
- Lancaster University; International Observatory on End of Life Care; Furness College Lancaster UK LA1 4YG
| | - Shondipon K Laha
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Critical Care Unit, Royal Preston Hospital; Sharoe Green Lane Preston Lancashire UK PR1 9TS
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Ikonomovic MD, Abrahamson EE, Carlson SW, Graham SH, Dixon CE. Novel therapies for combating chronic neuropathological sequelae of TBI. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:160-176. [PMID: 29933008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for development of chronic neurodegenerative disorders later in life. This review summarizes the current knowledge and concepts regarding the connection between long-term consequences of TBI and aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and Parkinsonism, with implications for novel therapy targets. Several aggregation-prone proteins such as the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, tau proteins, and α-synuclein protein are involved in secondary pathogenic cascades initiated by a TBI and are also major building blocks of the hallmark pathological lesions in chronic human neurodegenerative diseases with dementia. Impaired metabolism and degradation pathways of aggregation-prone proteins are discussed as potentially critical links between the long-term aftermath of TBI and chronic neurodegeneration. Utility and limitations of previous and current preclinical TBI models designed to study the link between TBI and chronic neurodegeneration, and promising intervention pharmacotherapies and non-pharmacologic strategies to break this link, are also summarized. Complexity of long-term neuropathological consequences of TBI is discussed, with a goal of guiding future preclinical studies and accelerating implementation of promising therapeutics into clinical trials. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos D Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven H Graham
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Polich G, Iaccarino MA, Kaptchuk TJ, Morales-Quezada L, Zafonte R. Placebo Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1205-1212. [PMID: 29343158 PMCID: PMC6016098 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several randomized controlled trials evaluating pharmaceutical treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) have failed to demonstrate efficacy over placebo, with both active and placebo arms improving at comparable rates. These findings could be viewed in opposing ways, suggesting on the one hand failure of the tested outcome, but on the other, representing evidence of robust placebo effects in TBI. In this article, we examine several of the primary psychological processes driving placebo effects (verbal suggestion, cognitive re-framing, interpersonal interactions, conditioning, therapeutic alliance, anxiety reduction) as well as placebo neurobiology (top-down cortical regulation, reward system activation, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission). We then extrapolate from the literature to explore whether something inherent in TBI makes it particularly responsive to placebos. Viewed as such here, placebos may indeed represent a powerful and effective treatment for a variety of post-TBI complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Polich
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Alexis Iaccarino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ted J. Kaptchuk
- Program in Placebo Studies and Therapeutic Encounter, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leon Morales-Quezada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, Massachusetts
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Irvine KA, Sahbaie P, Liang DY, Clark JD. Traumatic Brain Injury Disrupts Pain Signaling in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1495-1509. [PMID: 29373948 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can increase the suffering of a patient and pose a significant challenge to rehabilitative efforts. Unfortunately, the mechanisms linking TBI to pain are poorly understood, and specific treatments for TBI-related pain are still lacking. Our laboratory has shown that TBI causes pain sensitization in areas distant to the site of primary injury, and that changes in spinal gene expression may underlie this sensitization. The aim of this study was to examine the roles that pain modulatory pathways descending from the brainstem play in pain after TBI. Deficiencies in one type of descending inhibition, diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), have been suggested to be responsible for the development of chronic pain by allowing excess and uncontrolled afferent nociceptive inputs. Here we expand our knowledge of pain after TBI in two ways: (1) by outlining the neuropathology in pain-related centers of the brain and spinal cord involved in DNIC using the rat lateral fluid percussion (LFP) model of TBI, and (2) by evaluating the effects of a potent histone acetyl transferase inhibitor, anacardic acid (AA), on LFP-induced pain behaviors and neuropathology when administered for several days after TBI. The results revealed that TBI induces transient mechanical allodynia and a chronic persistent loss of DNIC. Further, while short-term AA treatment can block acute nociceptive sensitization and some early neuropathological changes, this treatment neither prevented the loss of DNIC nor did it alter long-term neuropathological changes in the brain or spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen-Amanda Irvine
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.,2 Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.,2 Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - De-Yong Liang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.,2 Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - J David Clark
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.,2 Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Stanford University , Stanford, California
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Apathy following traumatic brain injury: A review. Neuropsychologia 2018; 118:40-47. [PMID: 29660377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apathy is a common problem after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can have a major impact on cognitive function, psychosocial outcome and engagement in rehabilitation. For scientists and clinicians it remains one of the least understood aspects of brain-behaviour relationships encompassing disturbances of cognition, motivation, emotion and action, and is variously an indication of organic brain disease or psychiatric disorder. Apathy can be both sign and symptom and has been proposed as a diagnosis in its own right as well as a secondary feature of other conditions. This review considers previous approaches to apathy in terms of relevant psychological constructs and those neural counterparts most likely to be implicated after TBI. Neurobehavioural disorders of apathy are characterised chiefly by dysfunction of executive control of goal-oriented behaviour or the neural substrates of reward-based and emotional learning. We argue that it is possible to distinguish a primary disorder of apathy as an organic neurobehavioural state from secondary presentations due to an impoverished environment or psychological disturbance which has implications for treatment.
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Influence of Catechol-O-methyltransferase on Executive Functioning Longitudinally After Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018; 31:E1-9. [PMID: 26394291 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the association of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype (rs4680) with recovery of executive functions up to 18 months after early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with an orthopedic injury (OI) group. SETTING Outpatient. PARTICIPANTS A total of 134 children with a moderate to severe TBI (n = 63) or OI (n = 71) between the ages of 3 and 6 years who were followed 18 months postinjury. DESIGN Case-comparison, longitudinal cohort MAIN MEASURES : The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment (NEPSY) of Verbal Fluency, and a modified Stroop Test for young children (Shape School). RESULTS The low-activity COMT enzyme genotype (AA) was associated with better scores on the developmental NEPSY of Verbal Fluency (F = 3.80; P = .02) and the Shape School (F = 2.89; P = .06) in all participants when controlling for injury type (TBI vs OI) over the first 18 months after injury. Injury type (TBI vs OI) did not significantly moderate the effect of the COMT genotypes on executive function recovery. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence for a role of COMT genotypes in long-term recovery of executive function after pediatric TBI and OI. Larger studies are needed to determine the exact link between genetic variation in the COMT gene and TBI recovery in children.
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A Dopamine Pathway Gene Risk Score for Cognitive Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Methodological Considerations, Preliminary Findings, and Interactions With Sex. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018; 31:E15-29. [PMID: 26580694 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With evidence of sexual dimorphism involving the dopamine (DA)-pathway, and the importance of DA pathways in traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery, we hypothesized that sex × DA-gene interactions may influence cognition post-TBI. PARTICIPANTS Adult survivors of severe TBI (n = 193) consecutively recruited from a level 1 trauma center. DESIGN Risk allele assignments were made for multiple DA pathway genes using a sex-specific stratified approach. Genetic risk alleles, and their impacts on cognition, were assessed at 6 and 12 months postinjury using unweighted, semiweighted, and weighted gene risk score (GRS) approaches. MAIN MEASURES A cognitive composite score generated from 8 standardized neuropsychological tests targeting multiple cognitive domains. RESULTS A significant sex × gene interaction was observed at 6 and 12 months for ANKK1 rs1800497 (6M: P = .002, 12M: P = .001) and COMT rs4680 (6M: P = .048; 12M: P = .004); DRD2 rs6279 (P = .001) and VMAT rs363226 (P = .043) genotypes were independently associated with cognition at 6 months, with trends for a sex × gene interaction at 12 months. All GRS methods were significant predictors of cognitive performance in multivariable models. Weighted GRS multivariate models captured the greatest variance in cognition: R = 0.344 (6 months); R = 0.441 (12 months), significantly increasing the variance captured from the base prediction models. CONCLUSIONS A sex-specific DA-pathway GRS may be a valuable tool when predicting cognitive recovery post-TBI. Future work should validate these findings and explore how DA-pathway genetics may guide therapeutic intervention.
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70
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Environmental enrichment, alone or in combination with various pharmacotherapies, confers marked benefits after traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:13-24. [PMID: 29499273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health care issue that affects over ten million people worldwide. Treatment options are limited with numerous failures resulting from single therapies. Fortunately, several preclinical studies have shown that combination treatment strategies may afford greater improvement and perhaps can lead to successful clinical translation, particularly if one of the therapies is neurorehabilitation. The aim of this review is to highlight TBI studies that combined environmental enrichment (EE), a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation, with pharmacotherapies. A series of PubMed search strategies yielded only nine papers that fit the criteria. The consensus is that EE provides robust neurobehavioral, cognitive, and histological improvement after experimental TBI and that the combination of EE with some pharmacotherapies can lead to benefits beyond those revealed by single therapies. However, it is noted that EE can be challenged by drugs such as the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, and the antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, which attenuate its efficacy. These findings may help shape clinical neurorehabilitation strategies to more effectively improve patient outcome. Potential mechanisms for the EE and pharmacotherapy-induced effects are also discussed. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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71
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Markos S, Failla MD, Ritter AC, Dixon CE, Conley YP, Ricker JH, Arenth PM, Juengst SB, Wagner AK. Genetic Variation in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter: Preliminary Associations With Cognitive Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018; 32:E24-E34. [PMID: 26828714 PMCID: PMC4967045 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently results in impaired cognition, a function that can be modulated by monoaminergic signaling. Genetic variation among monoaminergic genes may affect post-TBI cognitive performance. The vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) gene may be a novel source of genetic variation important for cognitive outcomes post-TBI given VMAT2's role in monoaminergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between VMAT2 variability and cognitive outcomes post-TBI. METHODS We evaluated 136 white adults with severe TBI for variation in VMAT2 using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach (rs363223, rs363226, rs363251, and rs363341). We show genetic variation interacts with assessed cognitive impairment (cognitive composite [Comp-Cog] T-scores) to influence functional cognition (functional independence measure cognitive [FIM-Cog] subscale] 6 and 12 months postinjury. RESULTS Multivariate analyses at 6 months postinjury showed rs363226 genotype was associated with Comp-Cog (P = .040) and interacted with Comp-Cog to influence functional cognition (P < .001). G-homozygotes had the largest cognitive impairment, and their cognitive impairment had the greatest adverse effect on functional cognition. DISCUSSION We provide the first evidence that genetic variation within VMAT2 is associated with cognitive outcomes after TBI. Further work is needed to validate this finding and elucidate mechanisms by which genetic variation affects monoaminergic signaling, mediating differences in cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Markos
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Michelle D. Failla
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anne C Ritter
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - C. Edward Dixon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
- Health Promotion & Development, University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph H Ricker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Patricia M. Arenth
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Shannon B. Juengst
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Amy K. Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Neuroprotective effects of pifithrin-α against traumatic brain injury in the striatum through suppression of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2368. [PMID: 29402897 PMCID: PMC5799311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical and hippocampal neuronal damages caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with motor and cognitive impairments; however, only little attention paid to the striatal damage. It is known that the p53 tumor-suppressor transcription factor participated in TBI-induced secondary brain damage. We investigated how the p53 inactivator pifithrin (PFT)-α affected TBI-induced striatal neuronal damage at 24 h post-injury. Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a controlled cortical impact were used as TBI models. We observed that p53 mRNA significantly increased, whereas p53 protein expression was distributed predominantly in neurons but not in glia cells in striatum after TBI. PFT-α improved motor deficit following TBI. PFT-α suppressed TBI-induced striatal glial activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. PFT-α alleviated TBI-induced oxidative damage TBI induced autophagy was evidenced by increased protein expression of Beclin-1 and shift of microtubule-associated light chain (LC)3-I to LC3-II, and decreased p62. These effects were reduced by PFT-α. Post-injury PFT-α treatment reduced the number of degenerating (FJC-positive) and apoptotic neurons. Our results suggest that PFT-α may provide neuroprotective effects via p53-dependent or -independent mechanisms depending on the cell type and timing after the TBI and can possibly be developed into a novel therapy to ameliorate TBI-induced neuronal damage.
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73
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Sharma B, Lawrence DW, Hutchison MG. Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018; 33:33-45. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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74
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Weil ZM, Corrigan JD, Karelina K. Alcohol Use Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury. Alcohol Res 2018; 39:171-180. [PMID: 31198656 PMCID: PMC6561403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are inextricably and bidirectionally linked. Alcohol intoxication is one of the strongest predictors of TBI, and a substantial proportion of TBIs occur in intoxicated individuals. An inverse relationship is also emerging, such that TBI can serve as a risk factor for, or modulate the course of, alcohol use disorder (AUD). Critically, alcohol use after TBI is a key predictor of rehabilitation outcomes, prognosis, and additional head injuries. This review provides a general overview of the bidirectional relationship between TBI and AUD and a discussion of potential neuropsychological and neurobiological mechanisms that might underlie the relationship.
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Avila-Luna A, Gálvez-Rosas A, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Reyes-Legorreta C, Garza-Montaño P, González-Piña R, Bueno-Nava A. Dopamine D 1 receptor activation maintains motor coordination in injured rats but does not accelerate the recovery of the motor coordination deficit. Behav Brain Res 2018; 336:145-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cheng JP, Leary JB, O'Neil DA, Meyer EA, Free KE, Bondi CO, Kline AE. Spontaneous recovery of traumatic brain injury-induced functional deficits is not hindered by daily administration of lorazepam. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:215-221. [PMID: 29203336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Agitation and aggression are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pose a challenge to physicians and other health providers during acute patient care and subsequent neurorehabilitation. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are routinely administered to manage TBI patients displaying such maladaptive behaviors despite several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrating that they hinder recovery. A potentially viable alternative to APDs may be the benzodiazepines, which have differing mechanisms of action. Hence, the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that lorazepam (LOR) would not impede recovery after TBI. Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact or sham injury and then were intraperitoneally administered LOR (0.1mg/kg, 1.0mg/kg, or 2.0mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH; 1mL/kg) commencing 24-h after surgery and once daily for 19days. Motor and cognitive outcomes were assessed on post-operative days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. No differences were revealed among the four sham control groups and thus they were pooled into one inclusive SHAM group. The SHAMs performed better than all TBI groups on all assessments (p<0.05). Regarding TBI, the 2.0mg/kg LOR group performed better than the VEH and 0.1mg/kg or 1.0mg/kg LOR groups on every task (p<0.05); no differences were observed among the latter three groups on any endpoint (p>0.05). Overall, these preclinical behavioral data support the hypothesis and reveal a therapeutic benefit with the higher dose of LOR. The findings suggest that LOR may be an alternative, to APDs, for controlling agitation without compromising spontaneous recovery and perhaps could afford a dual benefit by also promoting therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Jacob B Leary
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Darik A O'Neil
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Meyer
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Kristin E Free
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
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Irvine KA, Clark JD. Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Pain Mechanisms. PAIN MEDICINE 2017; 19:1315-1333. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen-Amanda Irvine
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Anesthesiology Service, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Anesthesiology Service, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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78
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Karelina K, Gaier KR, Weil ZM. Traumatic brain injuries during development disrupt dopaminergic signaling. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:110-117. [PMID: 28802560 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) sustained during peri-adolescent development produce lasting neuro-behavioral changes that render individuals at an increased risk for developing substance abuse disorders. Experimental and clinical evidence of a prolonged period of hypodopaminergia after TBI have been well documented, but the effect of juvenile TBI on dopaminergic dysfunction and its relationship with substance abuse have not been investigated. In order to determine the effect of juvenile brain injury on dopaminergic signaling, female mice were injured at 21days of age and then beginning seven weeks later were assessed for behavioral sensitization to amphetamine, a drug that increases synaptic dopamine availability. Together with a histological analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and dopamine D2 receptor expression, our data are indicative of a persistent state of hypodopaminergia well into adulthood after a juvenile TBI. Further, mice that sustained a juvenile TBI exhibited a significantly reduced activation of cFos in the urocortin-positive cells of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in response to ethanol administration. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence for the vulnerability of juveniles to the development of lasting neuro-behavioral problems following TBI, and indicate a role of injury-induced hypodopaminergia as a risk factor for substance abuse later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristopher R Gaier
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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79
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Lehnerer SM, Scheibe F, Buchert R, Kliesch S, Meisel A. Awakening with amantadine from a persistent vegetative state after subarachnoid haemorrhage. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220305. [PMID: 28739616 PMCID: PMC5614270 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by a rupture of a right-sided middle cerebral artery aneurysm and subsequent malignant infarction of the right hemisphere leading to a persistent vegetative state and severe spastic tetraparesis with recurrent myocloni. Nine months after disease onset, the patient was transferred to our department for diagnostic and therapeutic re-evaluation. The poor clinical condition could not be explained by the brain lesion caused by the SAH or infarction. Moreover, glucose metabolism was normal in brain regions not affected by SAH and infarction as shown by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. We terminated baclofen and reduced antiepileptics known to impair vigilance and cognitive functions. However, only after starting amantadine treatment we observed a stunning awakening of the patient fully orientated within days. Our findings warrant trials to investigate amantadine in the treatment of unresponsive wakefulness syndromes due to acute central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mirabell Lehnerer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Charite´-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Scheibe
- Department of Experimental Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Charite´-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charite´-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kliesch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charite´-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Charite´-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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80
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Weil ZM, Karelina K. Traumatic Brain Injuries during Development: Implications for Alcohol Abuse. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:135. [PMID: 28775682 PMCID: PMC5517445 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries are strongly related to alcohol intoxication as by some estimates half or more of all brain injuries involve at least one intoxicated individual. Additionally, there is mounting evidence that traumatic brain injuries can themselves serve as independent risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorders, particularly when injury occurs during juvenile or adolescent development. Here, we will review the epidemiological and experimental evidence for this phenomenon and discuss potential psychosocial mediators including attenuation of negative affect and impaired decision making as well as neurochemical mediators including disruption in the glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic signaling pathways and increases in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Weil
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, United States
| | - Kate Karelina
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, United States
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81
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Free KE, Greene AM, Bondi CO, Lajud N, de la Tremblaye PB, Kline AE. Comparable impediment of cognitive function in female and male rats subsequent to daily administration of haloperidol after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 296:62-68. [PMID: 28698031 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol (HAL), are prescribed in the clinic to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced agitation. While preclinical studies have consistently shown that once-daily administration of HAL hinders functional recovery after TBI in male rats, its effects in females are unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to directly compare neurobehavioral and histological outcomes in both sexes to determine whether the reported deleterious effects of HAL extend to females. Anesthetized adult female and male rats received either a controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury and then were randomly assigned to a dosing regimen of HAL (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (VEH; 1mL/kg, i.p.) that was initiated 24h after injury and continued once daily for 19 consecutive days. Motor function was tested using established beam-balance/walk protocols on post-operative days 1-5 and acquisition of spatial learning was assessed with a well-validated Morris water maze task on days 14-19. Cortical lesion volume was quantified at 21days. No statistical differences were revealed between the HAL and VEH-treated sham groups and thus they were pooled for each sex. HAL only impaired motor recovery in males (p<0.05), but significantly diminished spatial learning in both sexes (p<0.05). Females, regardless of treatment, exhibited smaller cortical lesions vs VEH-treated males (p<0.05). Taken together, the data show that daily HAL does not prohibit motor recovery in females, but does negatively impact cognition. These task-dependent differential effects of HAL in female vs male rats may have clinical significance as they can direct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Free
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Anna M Greene
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Naima Lajud
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Morelia, Mexico
| | - Patricia B de la Tremblaye
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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82
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Wood RL. Accelerated cognitive aging following severe traumatic brain injury: A review. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1270-1278. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1332387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodger Ll. Wood
- Neuropsychology Clinic, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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83
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Barriers to early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly despite the availability of simple cognitive screening tools and the pharmacist's role in early detection and referral. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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84
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Yang WJ, Chen W, Chen L, Guo YJ, Zeng JS, Li GY, Tong WS. Involvement of tau phosphorylation in traumatic brain injury patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:622-627. [PMID: 27439764 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In TBI patients suffering cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits, the leading cause derives from the physical injury to the central nervous system (CNS) that impairs brain function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we applied a targeted approach to understand the potential mechanisms of neuron damage after TBI. Tau protein phosphorylation was compared in the brain tissues collected from patients underwent brain surgery based on the assessment of brain injury extent by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). RESULTS The results indicated that the levels of phosphorylated tau were significantly higher in the severe and extremely severe TBI groups, compared to the moderate group of patients. Phosphorylated, but not the total tau protein was uniquely correlated with the GCS score (R2 =.7849, P<.01) in 142 TBI patients. Consistently, the activities of key players associated with tau hyperphosphorylation GSK-3β and PP2A showed parallel correlations with the severity of TBI as well. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the enhanced tau protein phosphorylation occurs upon severe neuron injures and may contribute to the pathological structural changes of CNS leading to brain damage of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J. Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - W. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - Y-J. Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - J-S. Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - G-Y. Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
| | - W-S. Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People's Hospital of Pudong New Area; Shanghai China
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85
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Nora GJ, Harun R, Fine DF, Hutchison D, Grobart AC, Stezoski JP, Munoz MJ, Kochanek PM, Leak RK, Drabek T, Wagner AK. Ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest produces a chronic striatal hyperdopaminergic state that is worsened by methylphenidate treatment. J Neurochem 2017; 142:305-322. [PMID: 28445595 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest survival rates have improved with modern resuscitation techniques, but many survivors experience impairments associated with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Currently, little is understood about chronic changes in striatal dopamine (DA) systems after HIBI. Given the common empiric clinical use of DA enhancing agents in neurorehabilitation, investigation evaluating dopaminergic alterations after cardiac arrest (CA) is necessary to optimize rehabilitation approaches. We hypothesized that striatal DA neurotransmission would be altered chronically after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VF-CA). Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used with median forebrain bundle (MFB) maximal electrical stimulations (60Hz, 10s) in rats to characterize presynaptic components of DA neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum (D-Str) and nucleus accumbens 14 days after a 5-min VF-CA when compared to Sham or Naïve. VF-CA increased D-Str-evoked overflow [DA], total [DA] released, and initial DA release rate versus controls, despite also increasing maximal velocity of DA reuptake (Vmax ). Methylphenidate (10 mg/kg), a DA transporter inhibitor, was administered to VF-CA and Shams after establishing a baseline, pre-drug 60 Hz, 5 s stimulation response. Methylphenidate increased initial evoked overflow [DA] more-so in VF-CA versus Sham and reduced D-Str Vmax in VF-CA but not Shams; these findings are consistent with upregulated striatal DA transporter in VF-CA versus Sham. Our work demonstrates that 5-min VF-CA increases electrically stimulated DA release with concomitant upregulation of DA reuptake 2 weeks after brief VF-CA insult. Future work should elucidate how CA insult duration, time after insult, and insult type influence striatal DA neurotransmission and related cognitive and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Nora
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rashed Harun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David F Fine
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Hutchison
- Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C Grobart
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason P Stezoski
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miranda J Munoz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomas Drabek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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86
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Vonder Haar C, Martens KM, Riparip LK, Rosi S, Wellington CL, Winstanley CA. Frontal Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Impulsive Decision Making in Rats: A Potential Role for the Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-12. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2790-2800. [PMID: 28376700 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the development of numerous psychiatric diseases. Of particular concern for TBI patients is the impact of chronic impulsivity on daily functioning. Despite the scope of the human problem, little has been done to address impulsivity in animal models of brain injury. In the current study, we examined the effects of either a severe or a milder bilateral frontal controlled cortical impact injury on impulsivity using the Delay Discounting Task (DDT), in which preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards is indicative of greater impulsive choice. Both milder and severe TBI caused a significant, chronic increase in impulsive decision making. Despite these pronounced changes in performance of the DDT, memory function, as assessed by the Morris Water Maze, was not impaired in more mildly injured rats and only transiently impacted in the severe TBI group. Whereas a significant lesion was only evident in severely injured rats, analysis of cytokine levels within the frontal cortex revealed a selective increase in interleukin (IL)-12 that was associated with the magnitude of the change in impulsive choice caused by both milder and severe TBI. These findings suggest that tissue loss alone cannot explain the increased impulsivity observed, and that inflammatory pathways mediated by IL-12 may be a contributing factor. The findings from this study highlight the sensitivity of sophisticated behavioral measures designed to assess neuropsychiatric dysfunction in the detection of TBI-induced cognitive impairments and their utility in identifying potential mechanistic pathways and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Vonder Haar
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kris M Martens
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara-Kirstie Riparip
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Susanna Rosi
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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87
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Munakomi S, Bhattarai B, Mohan Kumar B. Role of bromocriptine in multi-spectral manifestations of traumatic brain injury. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20:84-86. [PMID: 28325648 PMCID: PMC5392713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the prevalence and cost of traumatic brain injury related disabilities, there is paucity in the literature on modern approaches to pharmacotherapy. Medications may promote recovery by enhancing some neurological functions without impacting others. Herein we discussed the role of bromocriptine in neurorehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain injury. METHODS A cohort comprising of 36 selective nonsurgical cases of traumatic brain injury in minimally conscious state were enrolled in the study. After hemodynamic stability, bromocriptine was given at paediatric dose of 3.75 mg/d and adult dose of 7.5 mg/d. It was administered through a naso-gastric (NG) feeding tube in the patients with minimally conscious state, then changed to oral route after proper swallowing and good gag reflex were ensured in the patient. The drug was slowly reduced over three weeks after neurological improvement in the patients. Positive result was determined by improved GCS score of 2 and motor power by at least 1 British Medical Council (BMC) motor score. Improvement of deficits was evaluated in terms of fluency of speech for aphasia, task switching, digit span double tasking and trail-making test for cognition and attention, and functional independence measure score for motor functioning and self-independence. RESULTS Accelerated arousal was seen in 47.0% of cases (8/17) in 4-40 days. In 41.2% of cases (7/17), Glasgow outcome score (GOS) was improved to 4/5 in 90 days. Improvement in hemiparesis by at least 1 BMC score was seen in 55.6% of cases (5/9) in 40 days. Aphasia was improved in 80% of cases (4/5) in 7-30 days. Moderate improvement in cognitive impairment was seen in 66.7% of cases (2/3) in 14-20 days. Improvement in memory was observed in 50% of cases (1/2) in over 30 days. No cases were withdrawn from the study because of adverse reactions of the drug. There was no mortality in the study group. CONCLUSION Bromocriptine improves neurological sequelae of traumatic brain injury as well as the overall outcome in the patients. If medication is given to promote recovery and treat its associated disabilities, clinicians should thoroughly outline the goals and closely monitor adverse effects.
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88
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Treble-Barna A, Wade SL, Martin LJ, Pilipenko V, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Kurowski BG. Influence of Dopamine-Related Genes on Neurobehavioral Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury during Early Childhood. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1919-1931. [PMID: 28323555 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the association of dopamine-related genes with short- and long-term neurobehavioral recovery, as well as neurobehavioral recovery trajectories over time, in children who had sustained early childhood traumatic brain injuries (TBI) relative to children who had sustained orthopedic injuries (OI). Participants were recruited from a prospective, longitudinal study evaluating outcomes of children who sustained a TBI (n = 68) or OI (n = 72) between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Parents completed ratings of child executive function and behavior at the immediate post-acute period (0-3 months after injury); 6, 12, and 18 months after injury; and an average of 3.5 and 7 years after injury. Thirty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor D2 [DRD2], solute carrier family 6 member 3 [SLC6A3], solute carrier family 18 member A2 [SLC18A2], catechol-o-methyltransferase [COMT], and ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 [ANKK1]) were examined in association with short- and long-term executive function and behavioral adjustment, as well as their trajectories over time. After controlling for premorbid child functioning, genetic variation within the SLC6A3 (rs464049 and rs460000) gene was differentially associated with neurobehavioral recovery trajectories over time following TBI relative to OI, with rs464049 surviving multiple testing corrections. In addition, genetic variation within the ANKK1 (rs1800497 and rs2734849) and SLC6A3 (rs464049, rs460000, and rs1042098) genes was differentially associated with short- and long-term neurobehavioral recovery following TBI, with rs460000 and rs464049 surviving multiple testing corrections. The findings provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in genes involved in DRD2 expression and density (ANKK1) and dopamine transport (SLC6A3) plays a role in neurobehavioral recovery following pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- 1 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shari L Wade
- 2 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- 3 Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- 3 Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- 4 Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- 5 Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brad G Kurowski
- 2 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
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89
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Owens JA, Spitz G, Ponsford JL, Dymowski AR, Ferris N, Willmott C. White matter integrity of the medial forebrain bundle and attention and working memory deficits following traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00608. [PMID: 28239519 PMCID: PMC5318362 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) contains ascending catecholamine fibers that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Damage to these fibers following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter extracellular catecholamine levels in the PFC and impede attention and working memory ability. This study investigated white matter microstructure of the medial MFB, specifically the supero-lateral branch (slMFB), following TBI, and its association with performance on attention and working memory tasks. METHOD Neuropsychological measures of attention and working memory were administered to 20 moderate-severe participants with TBI (posttraumatic amnesia M = 40.05 ± 37.10 days, median time since injury 10.48 months, range 3.72-87.49) and 20 healthy controls. Probabilistic tractography was used to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values for 17 participants with TBI and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS When compared to controls, participants with TBI were found to have significantly lower FA (p < .001) and higher MD (p < .001) slMFB values, and they were slower to complete tasks including Trail Making Task-A, Hayling, selective attention task, n-back, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. CONCLUSION This study was the first to demonstrate microstructural white matter damage within the slMFB following TBI. However, no evidence was found for an association of alterations to this tract and performance on attentional tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Owens
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre Epworth Health Care Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Gershon Spitz
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre Epworth Health Care Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre Epworth Health Care Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Alicia R Dymowski
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre Epworth Health Care Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Nicholas Ferris
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Catherine Willmott
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre Epworth Health Care Melbourne Vic. Australia; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
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90
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Anything goes? Regulation of the neural processes underlying response inhibition in TBI patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:159-169. [PMID: 28012706 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence for beneficial use of methylphenidate in response inhibition, no studies so far have investigated the effects of this drug in the neurobiology of inhibitory control in traumatic brain injury (TBI), even though impulsive behaviours are frequently reported in this patient group. We investigated the neural basis of response inhibition in a group of TBI patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a stop-signal paradigm. In a randomised double-blinded crossover study, the patients received either a single 30mg dose of methylphenidate or placebo and performed the stop-signal task. Activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), an area associated with response inhibition, was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls. Poor response inhibition in this group was associated with greater connectivity between the RIFG and a set of regions considered to be part of the default mode network (DMN), a finding that suggests the interplay between DMN and frontal executive networks maybe compromised. A single dose of methylphenidate rendered activity and connectivity profiles of the patients RIFG near normal. The results of this study indicate that the neural circuitry involved in response inhibition in TBI patients may be partially restored with methylphenidate. Given the known mechanisms of action of methylphenidate, the effect we observed may be due to increased dopamine and noradrenaline levels.
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91
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Sukhon F, Assaf EJ, Bahmad H, Abou-Abbass H, Jourdi H, Kobeissy FH. Degradomics in Neurotrauma: Profiling Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1598:65-99. [PMID: 28508358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradomics has recently emerged as a subdiscipline in the omics era with a focus on characterizing signature breakdown products implicated in various disease processes. Driven by promising experimental findings in cancer, neuroscience, and metabolomic disorders, degradomics has significantly promoted the notion of disease-specific "degradome." A degradome arises from the activation of several proteases that target specific substrates and generate signature protein fragments. Several proteases such as calpains, caspases, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases that disturb the physiologic balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. While regulated proteolytic activities are needed for development, growth, and regeneration, uncontrolled proteolysis initiated under pathological conditions ultimately culminates into apoptotic and necrotic processes. In this chapter, we aim to review the protease-substrate repertoires in neural injury concentrating on traumatic brain injury. A striking diversity of protease substrates, essential for neuronal and brain structural and functional integrity, namely, encryptic biomarker neoproteins, have been characterized in brain injury. These include cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, cell cycle regulatory proteins, synaptic proteins, and cell junction proteins. As these substrates are subject to proteolytic fragmentation, they are ceaselessly exposed to activated proteases. Characterization of these molecules allows for a surge of "possible" therapeutic approaches of intervention at various levels of the proteolytic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fares Sukhon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edwyn Jeremy Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medical, Neuroscience Research Center, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Abou-Abbass
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Faculty of Science¸ Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Souk-el-Gharb Campus, Aley, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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92
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Haar CV, Lam FC, Adams WA, Riparip LK, Kaur S, Muthukrishna M, Rosi S, Winstanley CA. Frontal Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Causes Long-Lasting Impairments in Impulse Control That Are Differentially Sensitive to Pharmacotherapeutics and Associated with Chronic Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1531-1542. [PMID: 27525447 PMCID: PMC9487719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions yearly, and is increasingly associated with chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms. We assessed the long-term effects of different bilateral frontal controlled cortical impact injury severities (mild, moderate, and severe) on the five-choice serial reaction time task, a paradigm with relatively independent measurements of attention, motor impulsivity, and motivation. Moderately- and severely injured animals exhibited impairments across all cognitive domains that were still evident 14 weeks postinjury, while mild-injured animals only demonstrated persistent deficits in impulse control. However, recovery of function varied considerably between subjects such that some showed no impairment ("TBI-resilient"), some demonstrated initial deficits that recovered ("TBI-vulnerable"), and some never recovered ("chronically-impaired"). Three clinically relevant treatments for impulse-control or TBI, amphetamine, atomoxetine, and amantadine, were assessed for efficacy in treating injury-induced deficits. Susceptibility to TBI affected the response to pharmacological challenge with amphetamine. Whereas sham and TBI-resilient animals showed characteristic impairments in impulse control at higher doses, amphetamine had the opposite effect in chronically impaired rats, improving task performance. In contrast, atomoxetine and amantadine reduced premature responding but increased omissions, suggesting psychomotor slowing. Analysis of brain tissue revealed that generalized neuroinflammation was associated with impulsivity even when accounting for the degree of brain damage. This is one of the first studies to characterize psychiatric-like symptoms in experimental TBI. Our data highlight the importance of testing pharmacotherapies in TBI models in order to predict efficacy, and suggest that neuroinflammation may represent a treatment target for impulse control problems following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Vonder Haar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author: Cole Vonder Haar or Catharine A. Winstanley, CV: Department of Psychology, 53 Campus Dr, Morgantown, WV, 26506, Tel: 1-304-293-1787, , CAW: Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada, Tel: 1-604-822-2024,
| | - Frederick C.W. Lam
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy A. Adams
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lara-Kirstie Riparip
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Susanna Rosi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catharine A. Winstanley
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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93
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Substance Related Disorder: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8030676. [PMID: 27774322 PMCID: PMC5059606 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) is causally related to substance related disorder (SRD) is still debatable, especially in persons with no history of mental disorders at the time of injury. This study analyzed data in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 19,109 patients aged ≥18 years who had been diagnosed with TBI during 2000-2010. An additional 19,109 randomly selected age and gender matched patients without TBI (1 : 1 ratio) were enrolled in the control group. The relationship between TBI and SRD was estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models. During the follow-up period, SRD developed in 340 patients in the TBI group and in 118 patients in the control group. After controlling for covariates, the overall incidence of SRD was 3.62-fold higher in the TBI group compared to the control group. Additionally, patients in the severe TBI subgroup were 9.01 times more likely to have SRD compared to controls. Notably, patients in the TBI group were prone to alcohol related disorders. The data in this study indicate that TBI is significantly associated with the subsequent risk of SRD. Physicians treating patients with TBI should be alert to this association to prevent the occurrence of adverse events.
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94
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Briggs DI, Angoa-Pérez M, Kuhn DM. Prolonged Repetitive Head Trauma Induces a Singular Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy-Like Pathology in White Matter Despite Transient Behavioral Abnormalities. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2869-2886. [PMID: 27662795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), resulting from insults caused by an external mechanical force that disrupts normal brain function, has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer disease; however, neither the severity nor frequency of head injury required to trigger adverse behavioral outcomes is well understood. In this study, the administration of 30 head impacts using two different weights to lightly anesthetized, completely unrestrained mice established a paradigm that simulates the highly repetitive nature of sports- and military-related head injury. As the number of head impacts increases, the time to recover consciousness diminishes; however, both the sensorimotor function and behavioral outcomes of impacted mice evolve during the ensuing weeks. Postmortem analyses reveal robust Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy-like conditions that manifest in a singular manner throughout the white matter concomitant with evidence of chronic oligodendrogenesis. Our data suggest that latency to recover the righting reflex may be an inadequate measure of injury severity and imply that exposure to repeated head impacts may mask the severity of an underlying and developing neuropathologic condition that does not manifest itself until long after head collisions cease. In addition, our data indicate that there is a cumulative and dose-dependent effect of repetitive head impacts that induces the neurobehavioral and neuropathologic outcomes seen in humans with a history of rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise I Briggs
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donald M Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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95
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Posttraumatic Brain Injury Cognitive Performance Is Moderated by Variation Within ANKK1 and DRD2 Genes. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2016; 30:E54-66. [PMID: 25931179 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As dopamine neurotransmission impacts cognition, we hypothesized that variants in the linked dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and ankyrin repeat and kinase domain (ANKK1) genes might account for some individual variability in cognitive recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort of 108 survivors of severe TBI, recruited consecutively from a level 1 trauma center. DESIGN We examined relationships between DRD2 genetic variation and functional recovery at 6 and 12 months post-TBI. MAIN MEASURES Cognitive performance was evaluated using 8 neuropsychological tests targeting different cognitive domains. An overall cognitive composite was developed using normative data. We also assessed functional cognition, depression status, and global outcome. Subjects were genotyped for 6 DRD2 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms and Taq1A within ANKK1. RESULTS ANKK1 Taq1A heterozygotes performed better than homozygotes across several cognitive domains at both time points postinjury. When adjusting for age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and education, the Taq1A (ANKK1) and rs6279 (DRD2) variants were associated with overall composite scores at 6 months post-TBI (P = .0453 and P = .0452, respectively). At 12 months, only Taq1A remained a significant genetic predictor of cognition (P = .0128). Following multiple-comparisons correction, there were no significant associations between examined genetic variants and functional cognition, depression status, and global outcome. CONCLUSION These data suggest that genetic variation within DRD2 influences cognitive recovery post-TBI. Understanding genetic influences on dopaminergic systems post-TBI may impact current treatment paradigms.
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96
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Chelyapina MV, Sharova EV, Zaytsev OS. [The cholinergic deficiency syndrome in patients with depressed consciousness after severe brain injury]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:17-24. [PMID: 27500871 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161167117-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the clinical and electrophysiological (EEG) signs of cholinergic deficiency in the process of recovery of consciousness in patients with severe brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven people (24 men and 13 women, mean age 32±14 years) were studied. A comprehensive study included assessment of neurological status, mental activity, and EEG. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A set of neurological symptoms, including reduced muscle tone, autonomic disorders (dry mucous membranes and skin, tachycardia, hypotension, gastrointestinal tract), eye movement disorders, that were,in accordance with the literature, characteristicof the cholinergic deficiency syndrome was found. This syndrome was detected against the background of a comatose state, akinetic mutism and mutism with understanding of speech, disintegration of speech, disorientation and amnestic decline. EEG revealed stable over time (months) characteristic changes: slowing and asymmetric alpha activity, equivalent dipole sources of hippocampal and stem localization, persistent strengthening of intra-hemispheric coherent connections, especially on the left side. The regression of the cholinergic deficiency syndrome was accompanied by an increase of regularity, capacity and frequency of alpha-activity (from 7-8 to 9-10 Hz), prevalence of equivalent dipole sources in the hippocampus with their appearance in the occipital cortex, normalization of connections with right-brain coherence with the preservation of their pathologically high values on the left side.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Chelyapina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Sharova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Zaytsev
- Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
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97
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Gooijers J, Beets IAM, Albouy G, Beeckmans K, Michiels K, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP. Movement preparation and execution: differential functional activation patterns after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:2469-85. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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98
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Zou H, Hurwitz M, Fowler L, Wagner AK. Abbreviated levetiracetam treatment effects on behavioural and histological outcomes after experimental TBI. Brain Inj 2016; 29:78-85. [PMID: 25255156 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.955528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) has multiple neuroprotective effects in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model. Although a rational time-frame of seizure prophylactic treatment with LEV for after TBI is not well established, clinical prophylaxis with LEV often includes treatment duration similar to clinical treatment guidelines with Phenytoin. Thus, this study investigated the effects of abbreviated LEV treatment on behavioural function and histological evidence of neuroprotection. RESEARCH DESIGN Pre-clinical trial of abbreviated LEV dosing in an experimental model of TBI Methods: After either controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or sham surgery, rats received three 50 mg kg(-1) doses over 24 hours or vehicle. After injury/sham surgery, beam performance, spatial learning, contusion volume size and hippocampal neuron survival were assessed. RESULTS Abbreviated LEV did not improve motor or cognitive performance after TBI. Further, abbreviated LEV did not improve hippocampal neuron sparing or contusion volumes compared with vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS Together with previous work assessing daily LEV treatment, these results suggest that longer-term therapy may be required to confer beneficial effects within these domains. These findings may guide (1) future experimental studies assessing minimal effective dosing for neuroprotection and anti-epileptogenesis and (2) treatment guideline updates for seizure prophylaxis post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Zou
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
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99
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A Narrative Review of Pharmacologic and Non-pharmacologic Interventions for Disorders of Consciousness Following Brain Injury in the Pediatric Population. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2016; 4:56-70. [PMID: 27280064 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-016-0108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of long-term disability in the United States. A significant proportion of children who experience a TBI will have moderate or severe injuries, which includes a period of decreased responsiveness. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities are used for treating disorders of consciousness after TBI in children. However, the evidence supporting the use of potential therapies is relatively scant, even in adults, and overall, there is a paucity of study in pediatrics. The goal of this review is to describe the state of the science for use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for disorders of consciousness in the pediatric population.
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100
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Jenkins PO, Mehta MA, Sharp DJ. Catecholamines and cognition after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:2345-71. [PMID: 27256296 PMCID: PMC4995357 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive problems are one of the main causes of ongoing disability after traumatic brain injury. The heterogeneity of the injuries sustained and the variability of the resulting cognitive deficits makes treating these problems difficult. Identifying the underlying pathology allows a targeted treatment approach aimed at cognitive enhancement. For example, damage to neuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems is common after traumatic brain injury and is an important cause of cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the evidence implicating disruption of the catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) and review the efficacy of catecholaminergic drugs in treating post-traumatic brain injury cognitive impairments. The response to these therapies is often variable, a likely consequence of the heterogeneous patterns of injury as well as a non-linear relationship between catecholamine levels and cognitive functions. This individual variability means that measuring the structure and function of a person’s catecholaminergic systems is likely to allow more refined therapy. Advanced structural and molecular imaging techniques offer the potential to identify disruption to the catecholaminergic systems and to provide a direct measure of catecholamine levels. In addition, measures of structural and functional connectivity can be used to identify common patterns of injury and to measure the functioning of brain ‘networks’ that are important for normal cognitive functioning. As the catecholamine systems modulate these cognitive networks, these measures could potentially be used to stratify treatment selection and monitor response to treatment in a more sophisticated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Jenkins
- 1 The Division of Brain Sciences, The Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- 2 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- 1 The Division of Brain Sciences, The Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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