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Fornaro M, Solmi M, Veronese N, De Berardis D, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Perna G, Preti A, Carta MG. The burden of mood-disorder/cerebrovascular disease comorbidity: essential neurobiology, psychopharmacology, and physical activity interventions. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:425-435. [PMID: 28681620 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1299695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs) and CVD-related disorders (including cerebrovascular diseases; CBVDs) are a major public health concern as they represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Patients with CVDs and CBVDs co-morbid with mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), suffer reduced quality-of-life and significant disability adjusted for years of life and mortality. The relationship between CVDs/CBVDs and mood disorders is likely to be bidirectional. Evidence for shared genetic risk of pathways involved in stress reaction, serotonin or dopamine signalling, circadian rhythms, and energy balance was reported in genome-wide association studies. There is some evidence of a neuroprotective effect of various antidepressants, which may be boosted by physical exercise, especially by aerobic ones. Patients with CVDs/CBVDs should be routinely attentively evaluated for the presence of mood disorders, with tools aimed at detecting both symptoms of depression and of hypomania/mania. Behavioural lifestyle interventions targeting nutrition and exercise, coping strategies, and attitudes towards health should be routinely provided to patients with mood disorders, to prevent the risk of CVDs/CBVDs. A narrative review of the evidence is herein provided, focusing on pharmacological and physical therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy.,b Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco Solmi
- c Neuroscience Department , University of Padua , Padua , Italy.,d Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, I.R.E.M , Padua , Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- d Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, I.R.E.M , Padua , Italy.,e Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- f Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- g Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands.,h Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FoRiPsi , Hermanas Hospitalarias-Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital , Albese con Cassano , Como , Italy.,i Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Antonio Preti
- j Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics , University Hospital, University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- k Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine , University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Cagliari , Italy
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Ferro A, Bonivento C, Delvecchio G, Bellani M, Perlini C, Dusi N, Marinelli V, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Crespo-Facorro B, Brambilla P. Longitudinal investigation of the parietal lobe anatomy in bipolar disorder and its association with general functioning. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:22-31. [PMID: 28732208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The parietal lobe (PL) supports cognitive domains, including attention and memory, which are impaired in bipolar disorder (BD). Although cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry studies found reduced PL grey matter (GM) in BD, none has longitudinally focused on PL anatomy in BD, relating it to patients' functioning. Thirty-eight right-handed BD patients and 42 matched healthy subjects (HS) underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan at baseline. Seventeen BD patients and 16 matched HS underwent a follow-up MRI. PL white matter (WM) and GM volumes were measured. The trajectory of parietal volumes over time and the possible relation with the global functioning were investigated in both BD patients and HS. At baseline, BD patients showed significant reduced PL WM and GM and different WM laterality compared with HS. Furthermore, smaller PL WM volumes predicted lower global functioning in BD, but not in HS. At follow-up, although BD patients reported reduced PL WM compared with HS, no different pattern of volume changes over time was detected between groups. This study suggests the involvement of the PL in the pathophysiology of BD. In particular, PL WM reductions seem to predict an impairment in general functioning in BD and might represent a marker of functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Ferro
- Dipartimento di Area Medica DAME Inter-University Center for Behavioral Neurosciences (ICBN), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Dipartimento di Area Medica DAME Inter-University Center for Behavioral Neurosciences (ICBN), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Scientific Institute, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Dusi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASST-Nord Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Marinelli
- Department of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
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53
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Choi MH, Na JE, Yoon YR, Lee HJ, Yoon S, Rhyu IJ, Baik JH. Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor in Stress-Induced Myelin Loss. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11654. [PMID: 28912499 PMCID: PMC5599541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems play a major role in reward-related behavior and dysregulation of dopamine (DA) systems can cause several mental disorders, including depression. We previously reported that dopamine D2 receptor knockout (D2R-/-) mice display increased anxiety and depression-like behaviors upon chronic stress. Here, we observed that chronic stress caused myelin loss in wild-type (WT) mice, while the myelin level in D2R-/- mice, which was already lower than that in WT mice, was not affected upon stress. Fewer mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) were observed in the corpus callosum of stressed WT mice, while in D2R-/- mice, both the control and stressed group displayed a decrease in the number of mature OLs. We observed a decrease in the number of active β-catenin (ABC)-expressing and TCF4-expressing cells among OL lineage cells in the corpus callosum of stressed WT mice, while such regulation was not found in D2R-/- mice. Administration of lithium normalized the behavioral impairments and myelin damage induced by chronic stress in WT mice, and restored the number of ABC-positive and TCF4-positive OLs, while such effect was not found in D2R-/- mice. Together, our findings indicate that chronic stress induces myelin loss through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in association with DA signaling through D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Choi
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ye Ran Yoon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sehyoun Yoon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Chelban V, Tucci A, Lynch DS, Polke JM, Santos L, Jonvik H, Groppa S, Wood NW, Houlden H. Truncating mutations in SPAST patients are associated with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidities in hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:681-687. [PMID: 28572275 PMCID: PMC5537546 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are clinically characterised by progressive lower limb spasticity. They are classified as either 'pure' or 'complex' where spastic paraplegia is complicated with additional neurological features. Mutations in the spastin gene (SPAST) are the most common cause of HSP and typically present with a pure form. METHODS We assessed in detail the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of SPAST-related HSP focused on 118 patients carrying SPAST mutations. RESULTS This study, one of the largest cohorts of genetically confirmed spastin patients to date, contributes with the discovery of a significant number of novel SPAST mutations. Our data reveal a high rate of complex cases (25%), with psychiatric disorders among the most common comorbidity (10% of all SPASTpatients). Further, we identify a genotype-phenotype correlation between patients carrying loss-of-function mutations in SPAST and the presence of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Chelban
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Arianna Tucci
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - David S Lynch
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Liana Santos
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hallgeir Jonvik
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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55
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Ho NF, Li Z, Ji F, Wang M, Kuswanto CN, Sum MY, Tng HY, Sitoh YY, Sim K, Zhou J. Hemispheric lateralization abnormalities of the white matter microstructure in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:242-251. [PMID: 28234211 PMCID: PMC5487271 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemispheric lateralization of the brain occurs during development and underpins specialized functions. It is posited that aberrant neurodevelopment leads to abnormal brain lateralization in individuals with psychotic illnesses. Here, we sought to examine whether white matter hemispheric lateralization is abnormal in individuals with the psychotic spectrum disorders of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHODS We examined the white matter microstructure lateralization in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic features and healthy controls by measuring the laterality indices of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We also correlated the laterality indices with clinical measures. RESULTS We included 150 patients with schizophrenia, 35 with bipolar disorder and 77 healthy controls in our analyses. Shared FA lateralization abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were found in the cerebral peduncle and posterior limb of internal capsule, with more extensive abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder than in those with schizophrenia. The shared MD lateralization abnormalities were more widespread, extending to the subcortical, frontal-occipital, limbic and callosal tracts, with patients with bipolar disorder showing greater abnormalities than patients with schizophrenia. While lateralization was decreased in patients with schizophrenia, the lateralization was reversed in those with bipolar disorder, underpinned by the more pronounced microstructural abnormalities in the right hemisphere. The loss of FA lateralization in patients with schizophrenia was associated with lower quality of life and psychosocial functioning. LIMITATIONS Owing to the cross-sectional study design, we cannot confirm whether the lateralization abnormalities are neurodevelopmental or a consequence of psychosis onset or chronicity. CONCLUSION Shared and distinct white matter lateralization abnormalities were found in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In distinct regions of abnormalities, the lateralization was attenuated in patients with schizophrenia and reversed in those with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Zhou
- Correspondence to: J. Zhou, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Rd, #06-15, Singapore 169857;
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56
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Ishida T, Donishi T, Iwatani J, Yamada S, Takahashi S, Ukai S, Shinosaki K, Terada M, Kaneoke Y. Elucidating the aberrant brain regions in bipolar disorder using T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance ratio images. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:76-84. [PMID: 28366873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) subjects, DTI methods might not detect disease-related abnormalities in the white matter (WM) where nerve fibers are crossing. We investigated BD myelin-related abnormal brain regions in both gray matter and WM for 29 BD and 33 healthy control (HC) participants using T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) ratio images that increase myelin-related contrast irrespective of nerve fiber orientation. To check effect of the brain volume, the results were compared with those of voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We found significantly lower T1w/T2w signal intensity in broad WM regions in BD subjects, including the corpus callosum, corona radiata, internal capsule, middle cerebellar peduncle and cerebellum. Regional volume reduction was found in the WM bilateral posterior thalami and retrolenticular part of the internal capsules of BD subjects. We also performed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) in 25 BD and 24 HC participants and compared those for the T1w/T2w ratio images. Both methods detected the BD corpus callosum abnormality. Further, the ratio images detected the corona radiata and the cerebellar abnormality in BD. These results suggest that T1w/T2w ratio image analysis could take a complementary role with the DTI method in elucidating myelin-related abnormalities in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishida
- Department of System Neurophysiology, and Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Donishi
- Department of System Neurophysiology, and Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Jun Iwatani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masaki Terada
- Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic, 870-2 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kaneoke
- Department of System Neurophysiology, and Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Verkooijen S, Stevelink R, Abramovic L, Vinkers CH, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, Boks MPM, van Haren NEM. The association of sleep and physical activity with integrity of white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2017; 262:71-80. [PMID: 28236715 PMCID: PMC5381646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how the sleep disruptions and irregular physical activity levels that are prominent features of bipolar disorder (BD) relate to white matter microstructure in patients and controls. Diffusion tension imaging (DTI) and 14-day actigraphy recordings were obtained in 51 BD I patients and 55 age-and-gender-matched healthy controls. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used for voxelwise analysis of the association between fractional anisotropy (FA) and sleep and activity characteristics in the overall sample. Next, we investigated whether the relation between sleep and activity and DTI measures differed for patients and controls. Physical activity was related to increased integrity of white matter microstructure regardless of bipolar diagnosis. The relationship between sleep and white matter microstructure was more equivocal; we found an expected association between higher FA and effective sleep in controls but opposite patterns in bipolar patients. Confounding factors such as antipsychotic medication use are a likely explanation for these contrasting findings and highlight the need for further study of medication-related effects on white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Verkooijen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Remi Stevelink
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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O'Donoghue S, Holleran L, Cannon DM, McDonald C. Anatomical dysconnectivity in bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia: A selective review of structural network analyses using diffusion MRI. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:217-228. [PMID: 27930915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysconnectivity hypothesis suggests that psychotic illnesses arise not from regionally specific focal pathophysiology, but rather from impaired neuroanatomical integration across networks of brain regions. Decreased white matter organization has been hypothesized to be a feature of psychotic illnesses in general, which is supported by meta-analyses of DTI studies in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although many diffusion MRI studies investigate bipolar disorder and schizophrenia alone, relatively few studies directly compare structural features in these psychotic illnesses. Recently, the application of graph theory analyses to DTI data has supported the dysconnectivity hypothesis in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, employing topological properties to assess neuroanatomical dysconnectivity. METHODS This selective review evaluates white matter alterations using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, with a focus upon direct comparison DTI studies in both psychotic illnesses. We then expand in more detail on the development of network analyses and the application of these techniques in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. RESULTS Converging evidence indicates that frontal connectivity alterations are common to both disorders, with prominent fronto-temporal deficits identified in schizophrenia and inter-hemispheric and limbic alterations reported in bipolar disorder. LIMITATIONS In bipolar disorder, most connectome reports use cortical maps alone, which given the importance of the limbic system in emotional regulation may limit the scope of network approaches in mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS Further direct connectivity comparisons between these psychotic illnesses may assist in unravelling the neuroanatomical deviations underpinning the overlapping features of psychosis and cognitive impairment, and the more diagnostically distinctive features of affective disturbance in bipolar disorder and deficit syndrome in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani O'Donoghue
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Tract-based analysis of white matter integrity in psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:124-134. [PMID: 27914246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At least 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) present with psychosis during their lifetime. Psychotic symptoms have sometimes been linked to specific genetic and phenotypic markers. This study aims to explore potential differences between bipolar disorder subtypes by measuring white matter integrity of the brain and relationships with clinical measures. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging and clinical measures were acquired from 102 participants, grouped as psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n=48), non-psychotic bipolar disorder (NBD) (n=24), and healthy controls (n=30). We utilized a powerful, automated tool (TRACULA: Tracts Constrained by Underlying Anatomy) to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 18 white matter tracts. RESULTS Decreased FA in numerous tracts was observed in bipolar disorder groups compared to healthy controls: bilateral cingulum-cingulate gyrus bundles, corticospinal tracts, and superior longitudinal fasciculi as well as the right hemisphere cingulum-angular bundle. Only left uncinate fasciculus FA differed between PBD and NPBD groups. We found no group differences in MD. Positive symptoms correlated with FA in the superior (inversely) and inferior (directly) longitudinal fasciculi. Negative symptoms directly correlated with mean FA of the corticospinal tract and cingulum-angular bundle. LIMITATIONS Neurotropic, mood-stabilizing medication prescribed for individuals with BD may interact with measures of white matter integrity in our BD participants. CONCLUSION Our results indicate decreased white matter coherence in BD. Minimal differences in white matter FA between PBD and NPBD participants suggest related underlying neurobiology.
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Sun ZY, Houenou J, Duclap D, Sarrazin S, Linke J, Daban C, Hamdani N, d’Albis MA, Le Corvoisier P, Guevara P, Delavest M, Bellivier F, Almeida J, Versace A, Poupon C, Leboyer M, Phillips M, Wessa M, Mangin JF, Mangin JF. Shape analysis of the cingulum, uncinate and arcuate fasciculi in patients with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:27-36. [PMID: 28234596 PMCID: PMC5373709 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal maturation of brain connectivity is supposed to underlie the dysfunctional emotion regulation in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). To test this hypothesis, white matter integrity is usually investigated using measures of water diffusivity provided by MRI. Here we consider a more intuitive aspect of the morphometry of the white matter tracts: the shape of the fibre bundles, which is associated with neurodevelopment. We analyzed the shape of 3 tracts involved in BD: the cingulum (CG), uncinate fasciculus (UF) and arcuate fasciculus (AF). METHODS We analyzed diffusion MRI data in patients with BD and healthy controls. The fibre bundles were reconstructed using Q-ball-based tractography and automated segmentation. Using Isomap, a manifold learning method, the differences in the shape of the reconstructed bundles were visualized and quantified. RESULTS We included 112 patients and 82 controls in our analysis. We found the left AF of patients to be further extended toward the temporal pole, forming a tighter hook than in controls. We found no significant difference in terms of shape for the left UF, the left CG or the 3 right fasciculi. However, in patients compared with controls, the ventrolateral branch of the left UF in the orbitofrontal region had a tendency to be larger, and the left CG of patients had a tendency to be smaller in the frontal lobe and larger in the parietal lobe. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION Our results suggest neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the left AF in patients with BD. The statistical tendencies observed for the left UF and left CG deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Correspondence to: J. Houenou, INSERM U955, IMRB, Equipe 15, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Mangin
- From the UNATI, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (Sun, Mangin); the UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (Houenou, Sarrazin); INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil F-94000, France (Houenou, Sarrazin, Hamdani, d'Albis, Leboyer); the Fondation Fondamental, Créteil F-94010, France (Houenou, Sarrazin, Hamdani, d'Albis, Delavest, Bellivier, Leboyer); the AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Université Paris Est, Créteil F-94000, France (Sarrazin, Daban, Hamdani, d'Albis, Leboyer); the UNIRS, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (Duclap, Poupon); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (Linke, Wessa); INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430 and APHP, GH Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94000, France (Le Corvoisier); the University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile (Guevara); the AP-HP, Groupe Saint-Louis, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, Paris, France (Delavest, Bellivier); the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medecine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Almeida, Versace, Phillips); the Faculté de médecine, Universite Paris Est, Créteil, France (Leboyer); and the CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France (Sun, Poupon, Mangin)
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Pavuluri M, Volpe K, Yuen A. Nucleus Accumbens and Its Role in Reward and Emotional Circuitry: A Potential Hot Mess in Substance Use and Emotional Disorders. AIMS Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2017.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yasuno F, Kudo T, Matsuoka K, Yamamoto A, Takahashi M, Nakagawara J, Nagatsuka K, Iida H, Kishimoto T. Interhemispheric functional disconnection because of abnormal corpus callosum integrity in bipolar disorder type II. BJPsych Open 2016; 2:335-340. [PMID: 27847590 PMCID: PMC5100603 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) value has been shown in anterior parts of the corpus callosum in patients with bipolar disorder. AIMS We investigated the association between abnormal corpus callosum integrity and interhemispheric functional connectivity (IFC) in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We examined the association between FA values in the corpus callosum (CC-FA) and the IFC between homotopic regions in the anterior cortical structures of bipolar disorder (n=16) and major depressive disorder (n=22) patients with depressed or euthymic states. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between the CC-FA and IFC values between homotopic regions of the ventral prefrontal cortex and insula cortex, and significantly lower IFC between these regions in bipolar disorder patients. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal corpus callosum integrity in bipolar disorder patients is relevant to the IFC between homotopic regions, possibly disturbing the exchange of emotional information between the cerebral hemispheres resulting in emotional dysregulation. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yasuno
- , MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- , MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- , MD, Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akihide Yamamoto
- , MS, Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- , MD, Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jyoji Nakagawara
- , MD, PhD, Integrative Stroke Imaging Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Hidehiro Iida
- , PhD, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- , MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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The role of white matter in personality traits and affective processing in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 80:64-72. [PMID: 27302871 PMCID: PMC7083163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by affective processing bias and variations in personality traits. It is still unknown whether these features are linked to the same structural brain alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between specific personality traits, white matter (WM) properties, and affective processing in BD and HC. METHODS 24 healthy controls (HC) and 38 adults with BDI (HC: 29.47 ± 2.23 years, 15 females; BDI: 32.44 ± 1.84 years, 20 females) completed clinical scales and the Big Five Inventory. They were also administered the Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) and the Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) assessed the microstructure of WM tracts. RESULTS In BDI measures of WM properties were reduced across all major brain white matter tracts. As expected, individuals with BDI reported greater neuroticism, lower agreeableness and conscientiousness, and made a greater number of errors in response to affective stimuli in the AGN task compared to HC. High neuroticism scores were associated with faster AGN latency, and overall reduced AGN accuracy in both HC and BDI. Elevated FA values were associated with reduced neuroticism and increased cognitive processing in HC but not in BDI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed important potential links between personality, affective processing and WM integrity in BD. In the future therapeutic interventions for BD using brain stimulation protocols might benefit from the use of DTI to target pathways underlying abnormal affective processing.
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Knöchel C, Schmied C, Linden DEJ, Stäblein M, Prvulovic D, de A de Carvalho L, Harrison O, Barros PO, Carvalho AF, Reif A, Alves GS, Oertel-Knöchel V. White matter abnormalities in the fornix are linked to cognitive performance in SZ but not in BD disorder: An exploratory analysis with DTI deterministic tractography. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:64-78. [PMID: 27177298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychosis, white matter (WM) microstructural changes have been detected previously; however, direct comparisons of findings between bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) patients are scarce. In this study, we employed deterministic tractography to reconstruct WM tracts in BD and SZ patients. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was carried out with n=32 euthymic BD type I patients, n=26 SZ patients and 30 matched healthy controls. Deterministic tractography using multiple indices of diffusion (fractional anisotropy (FA), tract volume (Vol), tract length (Le) and number of tracts (NofT)) were obtained from the fornix, the cingulum, the anterior thalamic radiation, and the corpus callosum bilaterally. RESULTS We showed widespread WM microstructural changes in SZ, and changes in the corpus callosum, the left cingulum and the fornix in BD. Fornix fiber tracking scores were associated with cognitive performance in SZ, and with age and age at disease onset in the BD patient group. LIMITATIONS Although the influence of psychopharmacological drugs as biasing variables on morphological alterations has been discussed for SZ and BD, we did not observe a clear influence of drug exposure on our findings. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the assumption that SZ patients have more severe WM changes than BD patients. The findings also suggest a major role of WM changes in the fornix as important fronto-limbic connections in the etiology of cognitive symptoms in SZ, but not in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Claudia Schmied
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David Prvulovic
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Luiza de A de Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Octavia Harrison
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Paulo O Barros
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreas Reif
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gilberto S Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation: Insights and approaches for the management of neurodegenerative disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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66
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Shao L, Golbaz K, Honer WG, Beasley CL. Deficits in axon-associated proteins in prefrontal white matter in bipolar disorder but not schizophrenia. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:342-51. [PMID: 27218831 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain imaging studies have implicated white matter dysfunction in the pathophysiology of both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the contribution of axons to white matter pathology in these disorders is not yet understood. Maintenance of neuronal function is dependent on the active transport of biological material, including synaptic proteins, along the axon. In this study, the expression of six proteins associated with axonal transport of synaptic cargoes was quantified in postmortem samples of prefrontal white matter in subjects with BD, those with SCZ, and matched controls, as a measure of axonal dysfunction in these disorders. METHODS Levels of the microtubule-associated proteins β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6), the motor and accessory proteins kinesin-1 and disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), and the synaptic cargoes synaptotagmin and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) were quantified in white matter adjacent to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in subjects with BD (n = 34), subjects with SCZ (n = 35), and non-psychiatric controls (n = 35) using immunoblotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Protein expression of β-tubulin, kinesin-1, DISC1, synaptotagmin, and SNAP-25 was significantly lower in subjects with BD compared to controls. Levels of axon-associated proteins were also lower in subjects with SCZ, but failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for deficits in axon-associated proteins in prefrontal white matter in BD. Findings are suggestive of decreased axonal density or dysregulation of axonal function in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Khashayar Golbaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clare L Beasley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sprooten E, Barrett J, McKay DR, Knowles EE, Mathias SR, Winkler AM, Brumbaugh MS, Landau S, Cyr L, Kochunov P, Glahn DC. A comprehensive tractography study of patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3474-85. [PMID: 27198848 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging studies show reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings. However, the use of various analysis methods is an important source of between-study heterogeneity. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we previously demonstrated widespread FA reductions in patients and unaffected relatives. To better interpret the neuroanatomical pattern of this previous finding and to assess the influence of methodological heterogeneity, we here applied tractography to the same sample. METHODS Diffusion-weighted images were acquired for 96 patients, 69 unaffected siblings and 56 controls. We applied TRACULA, an extension of a global probabilistic tractography algorithm, to automatically segment 18 major fiber tracts. Average FA within each tract and at each cross-section along each tract was compared between groups. RESULTS Patients had reduced FA compared to healthy controls and their unaffected siblings in general, and in particular in the parietal part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. In unaffected siblings, FA was nominally reduced compared to controls in the corpus callosum. Point-wise analyses indicated that similar effects were present along extended sections, but with variable effect sizes. Current symptom severity negatively correlated with FA in several fronto-limbic association tracts. CONCLUSIONS The differential sensitivity of analysis techniques likely explains between-study heterogeneity in anatomical localization of FA reductions. The present tractography analysis confirms the presence of overall FA reductions in patients with bipolar disorder, which are most pronounced in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Unaffected siblings may display similar, albeit more subtle and anatomically restricted FA reductions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3474-3485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emma E Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI Of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret S Brumbaugh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Stefanie Landau
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Lindsay Cyr
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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Duarte JA, de Araújo e Silva JQ, Goldani AA, Massuda R, Gama CS. Neurobiological underpinnings of bipolar disorder focusing on findings of diffusion tensor imaging: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2016; 38:167-75. [PMID: 27007148 PMCID: PMC7111360 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the available data on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), with a particular focus on fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter (WM) tracts. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for relevant articles, which were included in a systematic review of the literature. FA reductions and WM abnormalities were divided anatomically into three groups: commissural tracts, association tracts, and projection tracts. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The corpus callosum was the main impaired commissural tract as demonstrated by FA reductions. Five studies reported FA reductions in the cingulum. Two studies reported decreased FA in the anterior thalamic radiation, and one in the corticospinal tract. Conversely, three studies found increased FA values in WM tracts involved in BD pathophysiology. CONCLUSION Despite considerable heterogeneity, these results indicate a direct link between executive cognitive functioning and abnormal WM microstructural integrity of fronto-limbic tracts in patients with remitted BD, providing further evidence of the neuronal disruption that underlies BD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Duarte
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Radiologia e Ressonância Magnética, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Tomoclínica, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André A. Goldani
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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69
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Najt P, Wang F, Spencer L, Johnston JAY, Cox Lippard ET, Pittman BP, Lacadie C, Staib LH, Papademetris X, Blumberg HP. Anterior Cortical Development During Adolescence in Bipolar Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:303-10. [PMID: 26033826 PMCID: PMC4595154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports a neurodevelopmental model for bipolar disorder (BD), with adolescence as a critical period in its development. Developmental abnormalities of anterior paralimbic and heteromodal frontal cortices, key structures in emotional regulation processes and central in BD, are implicated. However, few longitudinal studies have been conducted, limiting understanding of trajectory alterations in BD. In this study, we performed longitudinal neuroimaging of adolescents with and without BD and assessed volume changes over time, including changes in tissue overall and within gray and white matter. Larger decreases over time in anterior cortical volumes in the adolescents with BD were hypothesized. Gray matter decreases and white matter increases are typically observed during adolescence in anterior cortices. It was hypothesized that volume decreases over time in BD would reflect alterations in those processes, showing larger gray matter contraction and decreased white matter expansion. METHODS Two high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained approximately 2 years apart for 35 adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BDI) and 37 healthy adolescents. Differences over time between groups were investigated for volume overall and specifically for gray and white matter. RESULTS Relative to healthy adolescents, adolescents with BDI showed greater volume contraction over time in a region including insula and orbitofrontal, rostral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (p < .05, corrected), including greater gray matter contraction and decreased white matter expansion over time, in the BD compared with the healthy group. CONCLUSIONS The findings support neurodevelopmental abnormalities during adolescence in BDI in anterior cortices, including altered developmental trajectories of anterior gray and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Najt
- Departments of Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fei Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence H Staib
- Diagnostic Radiology, New Haven, Connecticut.; Electrical Engineering, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Diagnostic Radiology, New Haven, Connecticut.; Biomedical Engineering, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut.; Diagnostic Radiology, New Haven, Connecticut.; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut..
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Sani G, Chiapponi C, Piras F, Ambrosi E, Simonetti A, Danese E, Janiri D, Brugnoli R, De Filippis S, Caltagirone C, Girardi P, Spalletta G. Gray and white matter trajectories in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:52-62. [PMID: 26782273 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Findings on brain structural abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder (BP) are inconsistent and little is known about age-related evolution of these changes. We employed a cross-sectional, case-control study to compare structural age-related brain trajectories in patients with BP and healthy control subjects (HC) over a period of approximately 50 years. The primary aim was to understand whether white (WM) and gray matter (GM) abnormalities are present from the beginning of the illness and how they change over time. METHODS Seventy-eight patients with BP and 78 HC matched for age, gender, and educational level underwent a high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging protocol. A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to capture GM and WM differences between subjects with BP and HC. Factorial analysis of covariance was used to compare brain volume alterations at different ages between the groups. RESULTS We found an age-related atrophy in GM and WM volumes both in patients with BP and HC. A main effect of diagnosis emerged in the posterior cingulate cortex bilaterally, in the right thalamus, in the cerebellum bilaterally, and in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule. No interaction between diagnosis and age emerged, indicating that the volumes of these areas were permanently reduced in subjects with BP throughout the entire age range under investigation. CONCLUSIONS Brain alterations in patients with BP are present from the beginning of the illness and remain stable over time. All the affected areas are involved in mood and psychomotor control process. This suggests a possible neurodevelopmental involvement in the mechanism of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sani
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine of Systems, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Danese
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine of Systems, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bellani M, Boschello F, Delvecchio G, Dusi N, Altamura CA, Ruggeri M, Brambilla P. DTI and Myelin Plasticity in Bipolar Disorder: Integrating Neuroimaging and Neuropathological Findings. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 26973545 PMCID: PMC4771723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major psychiatric illness with a chronic recurrent course, ranked among the worldwide leading disabling diseases. Its pathophysiology is still not completely understood and findings are still inconclusive, though a great interest on the topic has been constantly raised by magnetic resonance imaging, genetic and neuropathological studies. In recent years, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations have prompted interest in the key role of white matter (WM) abnormalities in BD. In this report, we summarize and comment recent findings from DTI studies in BD, reporting fractional anisotropy as putative measure of WM integrity, as well as recent data from neuropathological studies focusing on oligodendrocyte involvement in WM alterations in BD. DTI research indicates that BD is most commonly associated with a WM disruption within the fronto-limbic network, which may be accompanied by other WM changes spread throughout temporal and parietal regions. Neuropathological studies, mainly focused on the fronto-limbic network, have repeatedly shown a loss in cortical and subcortical oligodendrocyte cell count, although an increased subcortical oligodendrocyte density has been also documented suggesting a putative role in remyelination processes for oligodendrocytes in BD. According to our review, a greater integration between DTI and morphological findings is needed in order to elucidate processes affecting WM, either glial loss or myelin plasticity, on the basis of a more targeted research in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona , Verona , Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Dusi
- Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Carlo Alfredo Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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72
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O'Shea KS, McInnis MG. Neurodevelopmental origins of bipolar disorder: iPSC models. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 73:63-83. [PMID: 26608002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by pathological fluctuations in mood from mania to depression. Adoption, twin and family studies have consistently identified a significant hereditary component to BP, yet there is no clear genetic event or consistent neuropathology. BP has been suggested to have a developmental origin, although this hypothesis has been difficult to test since there are no viable neurons or glial cells to analyze, and research has relied largely on postmortem brain, behavioral and imaging studies, or has examined proxy tissues including saliva, olfactory epithelium and blood cells. Neurodevelopmental factors, particularly pathways related to nervous system development, cell migration, extracellular matrix, H3K4 methylation, and calcium signaling have been identified in large gene expression and GWAS studies as altered in BP. Recent advances in stem cell biology, particularly the ability to reprogram adult somatic tissues to a pluripotent state, now make it possible to interrogate these pathways in viable cell models. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from BP patient and healthy control (C) individuals have been derived in several laboratories, and their ability to form cortical neurons examined. Early studies suggest differences in activity, calcium signaling, blocks to neuronal differentiation, and changes in neuronal, and possibly glial, lineage specification. Initial observations suggest that differentiation of BP patient-derived neurons to dorsal telencephalic derivatives may be impaired, possibly due to alterations in WNT, Hedgehog or Nodal pathway signaling. These investigations strongly support a developmental contribution to BP and identify novel pathways, mechanisms and opportunities for improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3051 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States.
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States
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Fiedorowicz JG, Prossin AR, Johnson CP, Christensen GE, Magnotta VA, Wemmie JA. Peripheral inflammation during abnormal mood states in bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 187:172-8. [PMID: 26339927 PMCID: PMC4587340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder carries a substantive morbidity and mortality burden, particularly related to cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in peripheral inflammatory markers, which have been commonly reported in case-control studies, potentially link these co-morbidities. However, it is not clear whether inflammatory markers change episodically in response to mood states or are indicative of chronic pro-inflammatory activity, regardless of mood, in bipolar disorder. METHODS Investigations focused on comparing concentrations of specific inflammatory cytokines associated with immune activation status (primary outcome=tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in 37 participants with bipolar disorder across 3 mood states (mania N=15, depression N=9, normal mood N=13) and 29 controls without a psychiatric disorder (total N=66). Cytokine levels were also compared to T1ρ, a potential neuroimaging marker for inflammation, in select brain regions in a subsample (N=39). RESULTS Participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls did not differ significantly in inflammatory cytokine concentrations. However, compared to cases with normal mood, cases with abnormal mood states (mania and depression) had significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, its soluble receptors (sTNFR1/sTNFR2), other macrophage-derived cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18) in addition to IL-4, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, fibroblast growth factor β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine levels were not correlated with signals from T1ρ imaging in selected structures (amygdalae, hippocampi, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus). LIMITATIONS Participants were not followed prospectively across mood states. CONCLUSION Activation of inflammatory markers was found in abnormal mood states of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal study of individuals with mood disorders is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the time course of any such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Corresponding author. Address: 200 Hawkins Drive W278GH, Iowa City, IA 52242-1057, Phone: (319) 384-9267, Fax (319) 353-8656,
| | - Alan R. Prossin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Casey P. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Gary E. Christensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Vincent A. Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, Veterans Affairs Hospital Center, Iowa City, IA
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Kim MY, Kim HY, Hong J, Kim D, Lee H, Cheong E, Lee Y, Roth J, Kim DG, Min DS, Choi KY. CXXC5 plays a role as a transcription activator for myelin genes on oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 2015; 64:350-62. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jiso Hong
- Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS For Biomedical Science; WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jürgen Roth
- Department of Integrated OMICS For Biomedical Science; WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Dong Goo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Brain Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, College of Medicine; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology; College of Natural Science, Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
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Boyd PJ, Cunliffe VT, Roy S, Wood JD. Sonic hedgehog functions upstream of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (disc1): implications for mental illness. Biol Open 2015; 4:1336-43. [PMID: 26405049 PMCID: PMC4610215 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DISRUPTED-IN-SCHIZOPHRENIA (DISC1) has been one of the most intensively studied genetic risk factors for mental illness since it was discovered through positional mapping of a translocation breakpoint in a large Scottish family where a balanced chromosomal translocation was found to segregate with schizophrenia and affective disorders. While the evidence for it being central to disease pathogenesis in the original Scottish family is compelling, recent genome-wide association studies have not found evidence for common variants at the DISC1 locus being associated with schizophrenia in the wider population. It may therefore be the case that DISC1 provides an indication of biological pathways that are central to mental health issues and functional studies have shown that it functions in multiple signalling pathways. However, there is little information regarding factors that function upstream of DISC1 to regulate its expression and function. We herein demonstrate that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling promotes expression of disc1 in the zebrafish brain. Expression of disc1 is lost in smoothened mutants that have a complete loss of Shh signal transduction, and elevated in patched mutants which have constitutive activation of Shh signalling. We previously demonstrated that disc1 knockdown has a dramatic effect on the specification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) in the hindbrain and Shh signalling is known to be essential for the specification of these cells. We show that disc1 is prominently expressed in olig2-positive midline progenitor cells that are absent in smo mutants, while cyclopamine treatment blocks disc1 expression in these cells and mimics the effect of disc1 knock down on OPC specification. Various features of a number of psychiatric conditions could potentially arise through aberrant Hedgehog signalling. We therefore suggest that altered Shh signalling may be an important neurodevelopmental factor in the pathobiology of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Boyd
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Vincent T Cunliffe
- Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Wood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Sarrazin S, d’Albis MA, McDonald C, Linke J, Wessa M, Phillips M, Delavest M, Emsell L, Versace A, Almeida J, Mangin JF, Poupon C, Le Dudal K, Daban C, Hamdani N, Leboyer M, Houenou J. Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:352-9. [PMID: 26151452 PMCID: PMC4543098 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and without a history of psychotic features. RESULTS We included 172 patients and 146 controls in our study. Patients with BD had smaller adjusted mid-sagittal CC areas than controls along the posterior body, the isthmus and the splenium of the CC. Patients with a positive history of psychotic features had greater adjusted area of the rostral CC region than those without a history of psychotic features. LIMITATIONS We found small to medium effect sizes, and there was no calibration technique among the sites. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BD with psychosis is associated with a different pattern of interhemispheric connectivity than BD without psychosis and could be considered a relevant neuroimaging subtype of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sarrazin
- Correspondence to: S Sarrazin, Hôpital Henri Mondor- Albert Chenevier, Pôle de psychiatrie, 40 rue de Mesly 94000 Créteil France;
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Toteja N, Cokol PG, Ikuta T, Kafantaris V, Peters BD, Burdick KE, John M, Malhotra AK, Szeszko PR. Age-associated alterations in corpus callosum white matter integrity in bipolar disorder assessed using probabilistic tractography. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:381-91. [PMID: 25532972 PMCID: PMC4458202 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atypical age-associated changes in white matter integrity may play a role in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder, but no studies have examined the major white matter tracts using nonlinear statistical modeling across a wide age range in this disorder. The goal of this study was to identify possible deviations in the typical pattern of age-associated changes in white matter integrity in patients with bipolar disorder across the age range of 9-62 years. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 57 (20 male and 37 female) patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 57 (20 male and 37 female) age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were computed for the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, two projection tracts, and five association tracts using probabilistic tractography. RESULTS Overall, patients had lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity compared to healthy volunteers across all tracts (while controlling for the effects of age and age(2) ). In addition, there were greater age-associated increases in mean diffusivity in patients compared to healthy volunteers within the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum beginning in the second and third decades of life. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for alterations in the typical pattern of white matter development in patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy volunteers. Changes in white matter development within the corpus callosum may lead to altered inter-hemispheric communication that is considered integral to the neurobiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Toteja
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn NY
| | | | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, MI
| | - Vivian Kafantaris
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine
| | - Bart D. Peters
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Katherine E. Burdick
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY
| | - Majnu John
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine
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Shollenbarger SG, Price J, Wieser J, Lisdahl K. Poorer frontolimbic white matter integrity is associated with chronic cannabis use, FAAH genotype, and increased depressive and apathy symptoms in adolescents and young adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:117-25. [PMID: 26106535 PMCID: PMC4473294 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heaviest period of cannabis use coincides with ongoing white matter (WM) maturation. Further, cannabis-related changes may be moderated by FAAH genotype (rs324420). We examined the association between cannabis use and FAAH genotype on frontolimbic WM integrity in adolescents and emerging adults. We then tested whether observed WM abnormalities were linked with depressive or apathy symptoms. METHODS Participants included 37 cannabis users and 37 healthy controls (33 female; ages 18-25). Multiple regressions examined the independent and interactive effects of variables on WM integrity. RESULTS Regular cannabis users demonstrated reduced WM integrity in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus (UNC) (MD, right: p = .009 and left: p = .009; FA, right: p = .04 and left: p = .03) and forceps minor (fMinor) (MD, p = .03) compared to healthy controls. Marginally reduced WM integrity in the cannabis users was found in the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) (FA, p = .08). Cannabis group ∗ FAAH genotype interaction predicted WM integrity in bilateral ATR (FA, right: p = .05 and left: p = .001) and fMinor (FA, p = .02). In cannabis users, poorer WM integrity was correlated with increased symptoms of depression and apathy in bilateral ATR and UNC. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior findings, cannabis use was associated with reduced frontolimbic WM integrity. WM integrity was also moderated by FAAH genotype, in that cannabis-using FAAH C/C carriers and A carrying controls had reduced WM integrity compared to control C/C carriers. Observed frontolimbic white matter abnormalities were linked with increased depressive and apathy symptoms in the cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler G Shollenbarger
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Garland Hall Rm 224, 2441 East Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Jenessa Price
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jon Wieser
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Garland Hall Rm 224, 2441 East Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Krista Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Garland Hall Rm 224, 2441 East Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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Yamada S, Takahashi S, Ukai S, Tsuji T, Iwatani J, Tsuda K, Kita A, Sakamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Terada M, Shinosaki K. Microstructural abnormalities in anterior callosal fibers and their relationship with cognitive function in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: a tract-specific analysis study. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:542-8. [PMID: 25556672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum modulates interhemispheric communication and cognitive processes. It has been suggested that white matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum are related to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to examine microstructural abnormalities in callosal fibers separated by their connection to functional brain regions and determine the relationship of these abnormalities with cognitive function in MDD and BD. METHODS The subjects were 18 patients with MDD, 20 patients with BD, and 21 healthy controls. The callosal fibers were divided into 6 segments based on their cortical projection using tract-specific analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. We examined differences in the fractional anisotropy (FA) of callosal fibers in six segments among the three subject groups and examined the correlation between the FA in each segment and cognitive performance in the 3 groups. RESULTS The FA of anterior callosal fibers were reduced significantly in the MDD and BD groups compared to those in the HC group, and the FA of anterior callosal fibers correlated significantly with the raw scores of the digit sequencing task and symbol coding in the MDD group. LIMITATIONS The patients were medicated at the time of scanning, and the MDD and BD groups were not matched for symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MDD and BD have similar microstructural abnormalities in anterior callosal fibers connecting bilateral frontal cortices, and these abnormalities may be related to impairment of working memory and attention in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomikimi Tsuji
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Jun Iwatani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kumi Tsuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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81
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Bauer IE, Ouyang A, Mwangi B, Sanches M, Zunta-Soares GB, Keefe RSE, Huang H, Soares JC. Reduced white matter integrity and verbal fluency impairment in young adults with bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 62:115-22. [PMID: 25684152 PMCID: PMC4355300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence shows that bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms associated with these abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive functioning. METHODS 49 adult BD patients ((M±SD): 29.27 ± 7.92 years; 17 males, 32 females; 34 BD-I, 10 BD-II, and 5 BD-NOS) and 28 age-matched normal subjects ((M±SD): 29.19 ± 7.35 years; 10 males and 18 females) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) imaging. DTI metrics were computed using whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) as part of the FMRIB Software Library. Measures of WM coherence (fractional anisotropy - FA) and axonal structure (mean, axial and radial diffusivity - MD, AD and RD) were employed to characterize the microstructural alterations in the limbic, commissural, association and projection fiber tracts. All participants performed the Brief Assessment of Cognition for Affective disorders (BAC-A). RESULTS BD patients performed poorly on verbal fluency tasks and exhibited large clusters of altered FA, RD and MD values within the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, the superior and anterior corona radiata, and the corpus callosum. Increased FA values in the left IFOF and the forceps minor correlated positively with verbal fluency scores. Altered RD parameters in the corticospinal tract and the forceps minor were associated with reduced visuomotor abilities. CONCLUSIONS The reported verbal fluency deficits and FA, RD and MD alterations in WM structures are potential cognitive and neural markers of BD. Abnormal RD values may be associated with progressive demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Bauer
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 77054 Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Austin Ouyang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Benson Mwangi
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 77054 Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marsal Sanches
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 77054 Houston, TX, United States
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 77054 Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Division of Medical Psychology, Duke University, Medical Centre, 27710 Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania PA, United States
| | - Jair C Soares
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 77054 Houston, TX, United States
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All the world's a (clinical) stage: rethinking bipolar disorder from a longitudinal perspective. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:23-31. [PMID: 25048003 PMCID: PMC4303542 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have traditionally been classified using a static, categorical approach. However, this approach falls short in facilitating understanding of the development, common comorbid diagnoses, prognosis and treatment of these disorders. We propose a 'staging' model of bipolar disorder that integrates genetic and neural information with mood and activity symptoms to describe how the disease progresses over time. From an early, asymptomatic, but 'at-risk' stage to severe, chronic illness, each stage is described with associated neuroimaging findings as well as strategies for mapping genetic risk factors. Integrating more biologic information relating to cardiovascular and endocrine systems, refining methodology for modeling dimensional approaches to disease and developing outcome measures will all be crucial in examining the validity of this model. Ultimately, this approach should aid in developing targeted interventions for each group that will reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bipolar disorder.
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Inoue A, Akiyoshi J, Muronaga M, Masuda K, Aizawa S, Hirakawa H, Ishitobi Y, Higuma H, Maruyama Y, Ninomiya T, Tanaka Y, Hanada H, Kawano Y. Association of TMEM132D, COMT, and GABRA6 genotypes with cingulate, frontal cortex and hippocampal emotional processing in panic and major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2015; 19:192-200. [PMID: 25974322 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2015.1043133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of transmembrane protein 132D (TMEM132D), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor alpha 6 subunit (GABRA6) genotypes with cingulate, frontal cortex and hippocampal emotional processing in panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TMEM132D, COMT, and GABRA6 were examined in patients with MDD, PD, and healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in patients with MDD, PD, and healthy controls. RESULTS rs4680 in COMT and rs3219151 in GABRA6 showed positive associations with PD and MDD. A dynamic fearful face was shown to the participants during fMRI scanning. In PD patients, responses in the bilateral anterior cingulate were stronger in carriers of the AA genotype of SNP rs11060369 in TMEM132D compared with carriers of the AC + CC genotype, and stronger in CT + TT genotype carriers of SNP rs3219151 in GABRA6 compared with carriers of the CC genotype. The response in the medial orbital frontal cortex was stronger in carriers of the CT + TT genotypes of SNP rs3219151 in PD. In MDD patients, the response in the right parahippocampus of carriers of the GG genotype of rs4680 in COMT was stronger than that of carriers of the AA + AG genotype. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TMEM132D, GABRA6, and COMT variants may increase vulnerability to panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Inoue
- a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Hasama-Machi, Yufu-Shi, Oita , Japan
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Serafini G, Pompili M, Borgwardt S, Houenou J, Geoffroy PA, Jardri R, Girardi P, Amore M. Brain changes in early-onset bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders: a systematic review in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:1023-41. [PMID: 25212880 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD) share common symptomatic and functional impairments. Various brain imaging techniques have been used to investigate the integrity of brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in these disorders. Despite promising preliminary findings, it is still unclear whether these alterations may be considered as common trait markers or may be used to distinguish BD from UD. A systematic literature search of studies between 1980 and September 2013 which reported WM/GM changes in pediatric and adolescent BD/UD, as detected by diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based analysis was conducted. Of the 34 articles judged as eligible, 17 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were finally retained in this review. More abnormalities have been documented in the brains of children and adolescents with BD than UD. Reductions in the volume of basal ganglia and the hippocampus appeared more specific for pediatric UD, whereas reduced corpus callosum volume and increased rates of deep WM hyperintensities were more specific for pediatric BD. Seminal papers failed to address the possibility that the differences between unipolar and bipolar samples might be related to illness severity, medication status, comorbidity or diagnosis. UD and BD present both shared and distinctive impairments in the WM and GM compartments. More WM abnormalities have been reported in children and adolescents with bipolar disease than in those with unipolar disease, maybe as a result of a low number of DTI studies in pediatric UD. Future longitudinal studies should investigate whether neurodevelopmental changes are diagnosis-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100, Genoa, Italy,
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85
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Hercher C, Chopra V, Beasley CL. Evidence for morphological alterations in prefrontal white matter glia in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39:376-85. [PMID: 24936776 PMCID: PMC4214872 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain imaging studies suggest that volume reductions and compromised white matter integrity occur in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the cellular correlates have not yet been identified. To address this issue we assessed oligodendrocyte, astrocyte and microglial populations in postmortem white matter from schizophrenia, BD and nonpsychiatric control samples. METHODS The density, areal fraction and spatial distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1)-expressing microglia as well as the density, nuclear size and spatial distribution of Nissl-stained oligodendrocytes were quantified in postmortem white matter adjacent to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) in schizophrenia, BD and control samples (n = 20). In addition, the oligodendrocyte-associated proteins myelin basic protein and 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) were quantified in the same samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. RESULTS Oligodendrocyte density (p = 0.012) and CNPase protein levels (p = 0.038) differed between groups, being increased in BD compared with control samples. The GFAP area fraction (p = 0.05) and astrocyte spatial distribution (p = 0.040) also differed between groups, reflecting decreased area fraction and increased cell clustering in both schizophrenia and BD samples. LIMITATIONS Oligodendrocytes were identified using morphological criteria. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for glial pathology in prefrontal white matter in schizophrenia and BD. Changes in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte populations in white matter in the major psychiatric disorders may reflect disruptions in structural or metabolic support of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clare L. Beasley
- Correspondence to: C.L. Beasley, BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, A3 115-938 West 28 Ave., Vancouver BC V5Z 4H4;
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86
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Diffusion tensor imaging in Alzheimer's disease and affective disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:467-83. [PMID: 24595744 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The functional organization of the brain in segregated neuronal networks has become a leading paradigm in the study of brain diseases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows testing the validity and clinical utility of this paradigm on the structural connectivity level. DTI in Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests a selective impairment of intracortical projecting fiber tracts underlying the functional disorganization of neuronal networks supporting memory and other cognitive functions. These findings have already been tested for their utility as clinical markers of AD in large multicenter studies. Affective disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BP), show a high comorbidity with AD in geriatric populations and may even have a pathogenetic overlap with AD. DTI studies in MDD and BP are still limited to small-scale monocenter studies, revealing subtle abnormalities in cortico-subcortial networks associated with affect regulation and reward/aversion control. The clinical utility of these findings remains to be further explored. The present paper presents the methodological background of diffusion imaging, including DTI and diffusion spectrum imaging, and discusses key findings in AD and affective disorders. The results of our review strongly point toward the necessity of large-scale multicenter multimodal transnosological networks to study the structural and functional basis of neuronal disconnection underlying different neuropsychiatric diseases.
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87
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Vestal-Laborde AA, Eschenroeder AC, Bigbee JW, Robinson SE, Sato-Bigbee C. The opioid system and brain development: effects of methadone on the oligodendrocyte lineage and the early stages of myelination. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:409-21. [PMID: 25138998 PMCID: PMC4175303 DOI: 10.1159/000365074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes express opioid receptors throughout development, but the role of the opioid system in myelination remains poorly understood. This is a significant problem as opioid use and abuse continue to increase in two particular populations: pregnant addicts (in whom drug effects could target early myelination in the fetus and newborn) and adolescents and young adults (in whom late myelination of 'higher-order' regions takes place). Maintenance treatments for opioid addicts include the long-lasting opioids methadone and buprenorphine. Similar to our previous findings on the effects of buprenorphine, we have now found that early myelination in the developing rat brain is also altered by perinatal exposure to therapeutic doses of methadone. Pups exposed to this drug exhibited elevated brain levels of the 4 major splicing variants of myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid protein, and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Consistent with the enrichment and function of these proteins in mature myelin, analysis of the corpus callosum in these young animals also indicated an elevated number of axons with already highly compacted myelin sheaths. Moreover, studies in cultured cells showed that methadone exerts direct effects at specific stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage, stimulating the proliferation of progenitor cells while on the other hand accelerating the maturation of the more differentiated but still immature preoligodendrocytes. While the long-term effects of these observations remain unknown, accelerated or increased oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination could both disrupt the complex sequence of synchronized events leading to normal connectivity in the developing brain. Together with our previous observations on the effects of buprenorphine, the present findings further underscore a crucial function of the endogenous opioid system in the control of oligodendrocyte development and the timing of myelination. Interference with these regulatory systems by opioid use or maintenance treatments could disrupt the normal process of brain maturation at critical stages of myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Vestal-Laborde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0614
| | - Andrew C. Eschenroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0614
| | - John W. Bigbee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0709
| | - Susan E. Robinson
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0310
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0614
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88
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Phillips ML, Swartz HA. A critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and a road map for future research. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171:829-43. [PMID: 24626773 PMCID: PMC4119497 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this critical review, the authors appraise neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder in emotion-processing, emotion-regulation, and reward-processing neural circuitry in order to synthesize the current knowledge of the neural underpinnings of bipolar disorder and provide a neuroimaging research road map for future studies. METHOD The authors examined findings from all major studies in bipolar disorder that used functional MRI, volumetric analysis, diffusion imaging, and resting-state techniques, integrating findings to provide a better understanding of larger-scale neural circuitry abnormalities in bipolar disorder. RESULTS Bipolar disorder can be conceptualized, in neural circuitry terms, as parallel dysfunction in prefrontal cortical (especially ventrolateral prefrontal cortical)-hippocampal-amygdala emotion-processing and emotion-regulation circuits bilaterally, together with an "overactive" left-sided ventral striatal-ventrolateral and orbitofrontal cortical reward-processing circuitry, resulting in characteristic behavioral abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder: emotional lability, emotional dysregulation, and heightened reward sensitivity. A potential structural basis for these functional abnormalities is gray matter volume decreases in the prefrontal and temporal cortices, the amygdala, and the hippocampus and fractional anisotropy decreases in white matter tracts connecting prefrontal and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder clearly demonstrate abnormalities in neural circuits supporting emotion processing, emotion regulation, and reward processing, although there are several limitations to these studies. Future neuroimaging research in bipolar disorder should include studies adopting dimensional approaches; larger studies examining neurodevelopmental trajectories in youths with bipolar disorder or at risk for bipolar disorder; multimodal neuroimaging studies using integrated systems approaches; and studies using pattern recognition approaches to provide clinically useful individual-level data. Such studies will help identify clinically relevant biomarkers to guide diagnosis and treatment decision making for individuals with bipolar disorder.
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89
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Emsell L, Chaddock C, Forde N, Van Hecke W, Barker GJ, Leemans A, Sunaert S, Walshe M, Bramon E, Cannon D, Murray R, McDonald C. White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2139-2150. [PMID: 24280191 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter (WM) abnormalities are proposed as potential endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder (BD). In a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based analysis (VBA) study of families multiply affected with BD, we previously reported that widespread abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) are associated with both BD and genetic liability for illness. In the present study, we further investigated the endophenotypic potential of WM abnormalities by applying DTI tractography to specifically investigate tracts implicated in the pathophysiology of BD. METHOD Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 19 patients with BD type I from multiply affected families, 21 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 healthy volunteers. DTI tractography was used to identify the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), arcuate portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corpus callosum, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of participant group and genetic liability on FA and radial diffusivity (RD) in each tract. RESULTS We detected a significant effect of group on both FA and RD in the cingulum, SLF, callosal splenium and ILF driven by reduced FA and increased RD in patients compared to controls and relatives. Increasing genetic liability was associated with decreased FA and increased RD in the UF, and decreased FA in the SLF, among patients. CONCLUSIONS WM microstructural abnormalities in limbic, temporal and callosal pathways represent microstructural abnormalities associated with BD whereas alterations in the SLF and UF may represent potential markers of endophenotypic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Emsell
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Radiology,University Hospitals Leuven,Belgium
| | - C Chaddock
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - N Forde
- Clinical Science Institute,National University of Ireland,Galway,Ireland
| | | | - G J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - A Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute,University Medical Centre Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - S Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Radiology,University Hospitals Leuven,Belgium
| | - M Walshe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - E Bramon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - D Cannon
- Clinical Science Institute,National University of Ireland,Galway,Ireland
| | - R Murray
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - C McDonald
- Clinical Science Institute,National University of Ireland,Galway,Ireland
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90
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Brain white matter development is associated with a human-specific haplotype increasing the synthesis of long chain fatty acids. J Neurosci 2014; 34:6367-76. [PMID: 24790207 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2818-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and molecular pathways driving human brain white matter (WM) development are only beginning to be discovered. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been implicated in myelination in animal models and humans. The biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs is regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes, of which a human-specific haplotype is strongly associated with ω-3 and ω-6 LC-PUFA concentrations in blood. To investigate the relationship between LC-PUFA synthesis and human brain WM development, we examined whether this FADS haplotype is associated with age-related WM differences across the life span in healthy individuals 9-86 years of age (n = 207). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), a putative measure of myelination, of the cerebral WM tracts. FADS haplotype status was determined with a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs174583) that tags this haplotype. Overall, normal age-related WM differences were observed, including higher FA values in early adulthood compared with childhood, followed by lower FA values across older age ranges. However, individuals homozygous for the minor allele (associated with lower LC-PUFA concentrations) did not display these normal age-related WM differences (significant age × genotype interactions, p(corrected) < 0.05). These findings suggest that LC-PUFAs are involved in human brain WM development from childhood into adulthood. This haplotype and LC-PUFAs may play a role in myelin-related disorders of neurodevelopmental origin.
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91
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Park S, Park B, Koh MK, Joo YH. Case report: bipolar disorder as the first manifestation of CADASIL. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:175. [PMID: 24929957 PMCID: PMC4080756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited cerebrovascular disease, clinically characterized by variable manifestations of migraine, recurrent transient ischemic attack or lacunar strokes, cognitive decline, and mood disturbances. However, manic episodes have rarely been documented as an initial symptom of CADASIL and bipolar disorder presenting as the first manifestation in CADASIL has not been reported previously from evaluations by psychiatrists or psychological testing by psychologists. CASE PRESENTATION A 53 year old woman developed symptoms of mania in her 50s leading to a personality change involving a continuously labile mood and irritability over a number of years. Neuropsychological testing revealed an intact memory, but impairment in attention and executive function. In the Rorschach test, she showed a high level of cognitive rigidity. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were very consistent with a diagnosis of CADASIL, which was confirmed by genetic testing for NOTCH3 mutations. Atypical antipsychotics proved to be helpful in treating her manic symptoms and for behavior control. CONCLUSION We present a novel case of CADASIL that first presented as bipolar disorder. We contend that when patients show a late onset personality change or chronically irritable mood that deteriorates over many years, an organic cause such as CADASIL must be considered. Further studies are needed to better understand the exact impacts of cerebral tissue lesions and psychiatric symptoms in CADASIL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 136-736, Korea
| | - Boram Park
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 136-736, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Koh
- Department of Psychology, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 136-736, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 136-736, Korea.
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92
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The theory of bipolar disorder as an illness of accelerated aging: Implications for clinical care and research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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93
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Sprooten E, Knowles EE, McKay DR, Göring HH, Curran JE, Kent JW, Carless MA, Dyer TD, Drigalenko EI, Olvera RL, Fox PT, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Kochunov P, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Common genetic variants and gene expression associated with white matter microstructure in the human brain. Neuroimage 2014; 97:252-61. [PMID: 24736177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes that contribute to white matter microstructure should provide insights into the neurobiological processes that regulate white matter development, plasticity and pathology. We detected five significant SNPs using genome-wide association analysis on a global measure of fractional anisotropy in 776 individuals from large extended pedigrees. Genetic correlations and genome-wide association results indicated that the genetic signal was largely homogeneous across white matter regions. Using RNA transcripts derived from lymphocytes in the same individuals, we identified two genes (GNA13 and CCDC91) that are likely to be cis-regulated by top SNPs, and whose expression levels were also genetically correlated with fractional anisotropy. A transcript of HTR7 was phenotypically associated with FA, and was associated with an intronic genome-wide significant SNP. These results encourage further research in the mechanisms by which GNA13, HTR7 and CCDC91 influence brain structure, and emphasize a role for g-protein signaling in the development and maintenance of white matter microstructure in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, USA.
| | - Emma E Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, USA
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, USA
| | - Harald H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eugene I Drigalenko
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, USA
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White-matter microstructure and gray-matter volumes in adolescents with subthreshold bipolar symptoms. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:462-70. [PMID: 23628983 PMCID: PMC3965837 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in white-matter (WM) microstructure, as lower fractional anisotropy (FA), have been reported in adolescent-onset bipolar disorder and in youth at familial risk for bipolarity. We sought to determine whether healthy adolescents with subthreshold bipolar symptoms (SBP) would have early WM microstructural alterations and whether those alterations would be associated with differences in gray-matter (GM) volumes. Forty-two adolescents with three core manic symptoms and no psychiatric diagnosis, and 126 adolescents matched by age and sex, with no psychiatric diagnosis or symptoms, were identified after screening the IMAGEN database of 2223 young adolescents recruited from the general population. After image quality control, voxel-wise statistics were performed on the diffusion parameters using tract-based spatial statistics in 25 SBP adolescents and 77 controls, and on GM and WM images using voxel-based morphometry in 30 SBP adolescents and 106 controls. As compared with healthy controls, adolescents with SBP displayed lower FA values in a number of WM tracts, particularly in the corpus callosum, cingulum, bilateral superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, uncinate fasciculi and corticospinal tracts. Radial diffusivity was mainly higher in posterior parts of bilateral superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi and right cingulum. As compared with controls, SBP adolescents had lower GM volume in the left anterior cingulate region. This is the first study to investigate WM microstructure and GM morphometric variations in adolescents with SBP. The widespread FA alterations in association and projection tracts, associated with GM changes in regions involved in mood disorders, suggest altered structural connectivity in those adolescents.
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95
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Suzuki N, Numakawa T, Chou J, de Vega S, Mizuniwa C, Sekimoto K, Adachi N, Kunugi H, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Yamada Y, Akazawa C. Teneurin-4 promotes cellular protrusion formation and neurite outgrowth through focal adhesion kinase signaling. FASEB J 2014; 28:1386-97. [PMID: 24344332 PMCID: PMC3929675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-241034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Teneurin-4 (Ten-4), a transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in the central nervous system; however, its cellular and molecular function in neuronal differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of Ten-4 in neurite outgrowth. Ten-4 expression was induced during neurite outgrowth of the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a. Ten-4 protein was localized at the neurite growth cones. Knockdown of Ten-4 expression in Neuro-2a cells decreased the formation of the filopodia-like protrusions and the length of individual neurites. Conversely, overexpression of Ten-4 promoted filopodia-like protrusion formation. In addition, knockdown and overexpression of Ten-4 reduced and elevated the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rho-family small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, key molecules for the membranous protrusion formation downstream of FAK, respectively. Inhibition of the activation of FAK and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which is a downstream regulator of FAK and Cdc42, blocked protrusion formation by Ten-4 overexpression. Further, Ten-4 colocalized with phosphorylated FAK in the filopodia-like protrusion regions. Together, our findings show that Ten-4 is a novel positive regulator of cellular protrusion formation and neurite outgrowth through the FAK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Suzuki
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bldg 3, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8510.
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Versace A, Andreazza AC, Young LT, Fournier JC, Almeida JRC, Stiffler RS, Lockovich JC, Aslam HA, Pollock MH, Park H, Nimgaonkar VL, Kupfer DJ, Phillips ML. Elevated serum measures of lipid peroxidation and abnormal prefrontal white matter in euthymic bipolar adults: toward peripheral biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:200-8. [PMID: 23358158 PMCID: PMC3640681 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies consistently reported abnormalities in fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), measures of the integrity of white matter (WM), in bipolar disorder (BD), that may reflect underlying pathophysiologic processes. There is, however, a pressing need to identify peripheral measures that are related to these WM measures, to help identify easily obtainable peripheral biomarkers of BD. Given the high lipid content of axonal membranes and myelin sheaths, and that elevated serum levels of lipid peroxidation are reported in BD, these serum measures may be promising peripheral biomarkers of underlying WM abnormalities in BD. We used DTI and probabilistic tractography to compare FA and RD in ten prefrontal-centered WM tracts, 8 of which are consistently shown to have abnormal FA (and/or RD) in BD, and also examined serum lipid peroxidation (lipid hydroperoxides, LPH and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 4-HNE), in 24 currently euthymic BD adults (BDE) and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy adults (CONT). There was a significant effect of group upon FA in these a priori WM tracts (BDECONT: F[1,41]=10.3; P=0.003), and a significant between-group difference in LPH (BDE>CONT: t[40]=2.4; P=0.022), but not in 4-HNE. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that LPH variance explained, respectively, 59 and 51% of the variance of FA and RD across all study participants. This is the first study to examine relationships between measures of WM integrity and peripheral measures of lipid peroxidation. Our findings suggest that serum LPH may be useful in the development of a clinically relevant, yet easily obtainable and inexpensive, peripheral biomarkers of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A C Andreazza
- 1] Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L T Young
- 1] Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J C Lockovich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H A Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M H Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Park
- 1] Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Phillips
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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97
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Oertel-Knöchel V, Reinke B, Alves G, Jurcoane A, Wenzler S, Prvulovic D, Linden D, Knöchel C. Frontal white matter alterations are associated with executive cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:223-33. [PMID: 24295601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is often associated with cognitive dysfunction in executive domains. However the biological underpinnings of cognitive deficits in BD are not sufficiently understood. A growing body of evidence indicates a loss of microstructural integrity in various white matter (WM) fiber tracts in BD. The aim of the current study was to assess potential links between WM structural abnormalities and cognitive performance in euthymic middle-aged BD patients (n=30) and matched healthy controls (n=32). METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was carried out with both voxelwise (tract based spatial statistics, TBSS) and region-of-interest (ROI) based analysis. We compared multiple indices of diffusion including fractional anisotropy (FA), radial (DR), axial (DA) and mean diffusivities (MD). RESULTS Increased mean diffusivity was found in the fornix, anterior thalamic radiation, splenium and the truncus of the corpus callosum in BD patients compared with controls. These diffusion changes were significantly associated with poorer performance in executive tasks in BD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a direct link between executive cognitive functioning and abnormal WM microstructural integrity of fronto-limbic tracts in remitted BD patients, and add evidence to the neuronal disruption that underlies the residual symptomatology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany.
| | - Britta Reinke
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Universidade Federal, do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alina Jurcoane
- Institute for Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sofia Wenzler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
| | - David Prvulovic
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
| | - David Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
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98
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Lu D, Jiao Q, Zhong Y, Gao W, Xiao Q, Liu X, Lin X, Cheng W, Luo L, Xu C, Lu G, Su L. Altered baseline brain activity in children with bipolar disorder during mania state: a resting-state study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:317-23. [PMID: 24570585 PMCID: PMC3933715 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s54663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown abnormal functional connectivity in regions involved in emotion processing and regulation in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Recent studies indicate, however, that task-dependent neural changes only represent a small fraction of the brain's total activity. How the brain allocates the majority of its resources at resting state is still unknown. We used the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method of fMRI to explore the spontaneous neuronal activity in resting state in PBD patients. METHODS Eighteen PBD patients during the mania phase and 18 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study and all patients underwent fMRI scanning. The ALFF method was used to compare the resting-state spontaneous neuronal activity between groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the ALFF values and Young Mania Rating Scale scores. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, PBD patients presented increased ALFF in bilateral caudate and left pallidum as well as decreased ALFF in left precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, and bilateral inferior occipital gyrus. Additionally, ALFF values in left pallidum were positively correlated with Young Mania Rating Scale score in PBD. CONCLUSION The abnormal resting-state neuronal activities of the basal ganglia, parietal cortex, and occipital cortex may play an important role in the pathophysiology in PBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Lu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- School of Nursing of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Cheng
- Department of Pediatric and Geriatric Psychiatry, Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanzhu Luo
- Department of Pediatric and Geriatric Psychiatry, Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjian Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyan Su
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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99
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Abstract
From a neurobiological perspective there is no such thing as bipolar disorder. Rather, it is almost certainly the case that many somewhat similar, but subtly different, pathological conditions produce a disease state that we currently diagnose as bipolarity. This heterogeneity - reflected in the lack of synergy between our current diagnostic schema and our rapidly advancing scientific understanding of the condition - limits attempts to articulate an integrated perspective on bipolar disorder. However, despite these challenges, scientific findings in recent years are beginning to offer a provisional "unified field theory" of the disease. This theory sees bipolar disorder as a suite of related neurodevelopmental conditions with interconnected functional abnormalities that often appear early in life and worsen over time. In addition to accelerated loss of volume in brain areas known to be essential for mood regulation and cognitive function, consistent findings have emerged at a cellular level, providing evidence that bipolar disorder is reliably associated with dysregulation of glial-neuronal interactions. Among these glial elements are microglia - the brain's primary immune elements, which appear to be overactive in the context of bipolarity. Multiple studies now indicate that inflammation is also increased in the periphery of the body in both the depressive and manic phases of the illness, with at least some return to normality in the euthymic state. These findings are consistent with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are known to drive inflammatory activation. In summary, the very fact that no single gene, pathway, or brain abnormality is likely to ever account for the condition is itself an extremely important first step in better articulating an integrated perspective on both its ontological status and pathogenesis. Whether this perspective will translate into the discovery of innumerable more homogeneous forms of bipolarity is one of the great questions facing the field and one that is likely to have profound treatment implications, given that fact that such a discovery would greatly increase our ability to individualize - and by extension, enhance - treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Maletic
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Charles Raison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA ; Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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Niciu MJ, Henter ID, Sanacora G, Zarate CA. Glial abnormalities in substance use disorders and depression: does shared glutamatergic dysfunction contribute to comorbidity? World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:2-16. [PMID: 24024876 PMCID: PMC4180366 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2013.829585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly mood and substance use disorders, have historically focused on neurons; however, glial cells-astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes - also play key roles in these disorders. METHODS Peer-reviewed PubMed/Medline articles published through December 2012 were identified using the following keyword combinations: glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes/glia, microglia, substance use, substance abuse, substance dependence, alcohol, opiate, opioid, cocaine, psychostimulants, stimulants, and glutamate. RESULTS Depressive and substance use disorders are highly comorbid, suggesting a common or overlapping aetiology and pathophysiology. Reduced astrocyte cell number occurs in both disorders. Altered glutamate neurotransmission and metabolism - specifically changes in the levels/activity of transporters, receptors, and synaptic proteins potentially related to synaptic physiology - appear to be salient features of both disorders. Glial cell pathology may also underlie the pathophysiology of both disorders via impaired astrocytic production of neurotrophic factors. Microglial/neuroinflammatory pathology is also evident in both depressive and substance use disorders. Finally, oligodendrocyte impairment decreases myelination and impairs expression of myelin-related genes in both substance use and depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS Glial-mediated glutamatergic dysfunction is a common neuropathological pathway in both substance use and depression. Therefore, glutamatergic neuromodulation is a rational drug target in this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Niciu
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT, USA,Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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