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Armstrong NM, Bangen KJ, Au R, Gross AL. Associations Between Midlife (but Not Late-Life) Elevated Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Lower Cognitive Performance: Results From the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:2175-2187. [PMID: 31576397 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how coronary heart disease (CHD) risk across the adult life span affects late-life cognition. We estimated associations of midlife and late-life elevated CHD risk with cognitive trajectories (general cognitive performance, processing speed/executive function, memory) in later life (after age 55 years or age 70 years) among 2,892 Framingham Offspring Study participants who had completed CHD risk assessments approximately every 4 years since 1971 and had undergone neuropsychological testing between 1999 and 2014. We stratified analyses by apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) Ɛ4 allele carrier status. Using linear mixed-effects models, elevated CHD risk in midlife (age 55 years) was associated with lower levels of general cognitive performance (β = -0.560 standard deviation (SD) units, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.874, -0.246), executive function (β = -0.624 SD units, 95% CI: -0.916, -0.332), and memory (β = -0.560 SD units, 95% CI: -0.907, -0.213) at age 70 years but not with rates of cognitive change. Late-life (age 70 years) elevated CHD risk, however, was associated with somewhat better levels of general cognitive performance and memory. There were associations between duration of elevated CHD risk during midlife and levels (but not trajectories) of later-life cognitive outcomes. Associations were not modified by APOE-ɛ4 status. These findings suggest that midlife elevated CHD risk is associated with lower cognition, independently of APOE-ɛ4 status, suggesting that risk of vascular disease may not contribute a "second hit" to AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Armstrong
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Neurology & Framingham Heart Study, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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52
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Pettigrew C, Soldan A, Zhu Y, Cai Q, Wang MC, Moghekar A, Miller MI, Singh B, Martinez O, Fletcher E, DeCarli C, Albert M. Cognitive reserve and rate of change in Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease biomarkers among cognitively normal individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 88:33-41. [PMID: 31932050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether cognitive reserve (CR) impacts level of, or rate of change in, biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and small-vessel cerebrovascular disease in >250 individuals who were cognitively normal and middle-aged and older at the baseline. The four primary biomarker categories commonly examined in studies of AD were measured longitudinally: cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid (A) and tau (T); cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging measures of neuronal injury (N); and neuroimaging measures of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to assess cerebrovascular pathology (V). CR was indexed by a composite score including years of education, reading, and vocabulary test performance. Higher CR was associated with lower levels of WMHs, particularly among those who subsequently progressed from normal cognition to MCI. CR was not associated with WMH trajectories. In addition, CR was not associated with either levels of, or rate of change in, A/T/N biomarkers. This may suggest that higher CR is associated with lifestyle factors that reduce levels of cerebrovascular disease, allowing individuals with higher CR to better tolerate other types of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Lyft, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Baljeet Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Martinez
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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53
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DuBose LE, Moser DJ, Harlynn E, Fiedorowicz JG, Pierce GL. Education moderates the effects of large central artery aging on cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14291. [PMID: 31833225 PMCID: PMC6908737 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central artery aging, including elevated aortic stiffness, central blood pressure (BP), and pulse pressure (PP), is a novel risk factor for the development of age-associated cognitive dysfunction. Individuals with higher educational attainment may develop greater brain pathology prior to the onset of cognitive decline. However, whether education moderates relations between central artery aging and cognitive performance is unknown. We hypothesized that years of formal education would moderate the relation between central artery aging and cognitive performance in middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults (n = 113, age 67.3 ± 0.7 years). Significant interactions between education*central systolic BP (β = .21, p = .02) and education*central PP (β = .22, p = .01) demonstrated weaker associations between central BP and PP with processing speed performance in those with higher education. Similarly, education moderated the relation between aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV) and executive function performance (β = .21, p = .02). To test if the relation between central arterial aging and cognitive performance was captured by a predetermined education threshold, MA/O adults were secondarily categorized as ≤high school (HS) (i.e., ≤12 years, n = 36) or >HS (≥13 years, n = 77). Higher central systolic BP was associated with slower processing speed (≤HS: r = -.59, p < .001 vs. >HS: r = -.25, p = .03) and weaker executive function (r = -.39, p = .03 vs. r = -.32, p = .006). Higher cfPWV was selectively correlated with weaker executive function performance (r = -.39, p = .03) in ≤HS only and this association significantly differed between education groups. Educational attainment appears to moderate the adverse effects of central artery aging on cognitive performance among MA/O adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey E. DuBose
- Department of Health and Human PhysiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | | | - Emily Harlynn
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Gary L. Pierce
- Department of Health and Human PhysiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
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54
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Menardi A, Pascual-Leone A, Fried PJ, Santarnecchi E. The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging: A Multi-Modal Imaging Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1341-1362. [PMID: 30507572 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comforts in modern society have generally been associated with longer survival rates, enabling individuals to reach advanced age as never before in history. With the increase in longevity, however, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, has also doubled. Nevertheless, most of the observed variance, in terms of time of clinical diagnosis and progression, often remains striking. Only recently, differences in the social, educational and occupational background of the individual, as proxies of cognitive reserve (CR), have been hypothesized to play a role in accounting for such discrepancies. CR is a well-established concept in literature; lots of studies have been conducted in trying to better understand its underlying neural substrates and associated biomarkers, resulting in an incredible amount of data being produced. Here, we aimed to summarize recent relevant published work addressing the issue, gathering evidence for the existence of a common path across research efforts that might ease future investigations by providing a general perspective on the actual state of the arts. An innovative model is hereby proposed, addressing the role of CR across structural and functional evidences, as well as the potential implementation of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the causal validation of such theoretical frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menardi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Fried
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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55
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Vangberg TR, Eikenes L, Håberg AK. The effect of white matter hyperintensities on regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure, a population-based study in HUNT. Neuroimage 2019; 203:116158. [PMID: 31493533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though age-related white matter hyperintensities (WMH) begin to emerge in middle age, their effect on brain micro- and macrostructure in this age group is not fully elucidated. We have examined how presence of WMH and load of WMH affect regional brain volumes and microstructure in a validated, representative general population sample of 873 individuals between 50 and 66 years. Presence of WMH was determined as Fazakas grade ≥1. WMH load was WMH volume from manual tracing of WMHs divided on intracranial volume. The impact of age appropriate WMH (Fazakas grade 1) on the brain was also investigated. Major novel findings were that even the age appropriate WMH group had widespread macro- and microstructural changes in gray and white matter, showing that the mere presence of WMH, not just WMH load is an important clinical indicator of brain health. With increasing WMH load, structural changes spread centrifugally. Further, we found three major patterns of FA and MD changes related to increasing WMH load, demonstrating a heterogeneous effect on white matter microstructure, where distinct patterns were found in the proximity of the lesions, in deep white matter and in white matter near the cortex. This study also raises several questions about the onset of WMH related pathology, in particular, whether some of the aberrant brain structural and microstructural findings are present before the emergence of WMH. We also found, similar to other studies, that WMH risk factors had low explanatory power for WMH, making it unclear which factors lead to WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgil Riise Vangberg
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; PET Center, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Live Eikenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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56
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Dempsey RJ, Jackson DC, Wilbrand SM, Mitchell CC, Berman SE, Johnson SC, Meshram NH, Varghese T, Hermann BP. The Preservation of Cognition 1 Year After Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Prior Cognitive Decline. Neurosurgery 2019; 82:322-328. [PMID: 28575478 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive decline is critically important in the course of atherosclerosis and stroke. OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by removing an unstable plaque may slow the course of vascular cognitive decline in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. METHODS Patients with clinically significant (>60%) carotid stenosis were studied preop and 1 yr post-CEA for clinical symptoms, vascular cognitive decline, instability of carotid plaque-presence of microemboli, brain white matter changes, and medical risk factors. RESULTS Forty-six percent were classically symptomatic. All patients showed vascular cognitive decline at presentation which correlated with degree of plaque instability. Significant white matter hyperintensity changes (48.7%) and cerebral emboli (25%) were also seen at baseline in both classically symptomatic and asymptomatic. One year after CEA, both groups showed no decline in cognitive function and significant improvement in 2 tests (P = .028 and P = .013). Brain white matter hyperintensities were unchanged. Microemboli were reduced but remained present (17.86%). Improvement was predicted by the presence of hypertension (P = .001), or less advanced cognitive decline preoperatively (P = .009). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of vascular cognitive decline in atherosclerotic disease. This is a function of the degree of instability of the atherosclerotic plaque more than the presence of stroke symptoms. It further suggests that atherosclerotic vascular cognitive decline need not be inevitable, and may be modified by treating hypertension and removal of the unstable plaque. This highlights the need for continued research on the cognitive effects of cerebrovascular disease and the synergistic benefits of intensive medical and surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daren C Jackson
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephanie M Wilbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sara E Berman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nirvedh H Meshram
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tomy Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Centennial Building, Madison, Wisconsin
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57
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Basilakos A, Stark BC, Johnson L, Rorden C, Yourganov G, Bonilha L, Fridriksson J. Leukoaraiosis Is Associated With a Decline in Language Abilities in Chronic Aphasia. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019; 33:718-729. [PMID: 31315507 PMCID: PMC6693961 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319862561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background. A fraction of stroke survivors with chronic aphasia experience declines in language abilities over time, but the reason for this remains unclear. Objective. To evaluate the effect of leukoaraiosis on baseline aphasia severity and long-term changes in aphasia severity. This study directly compares the predictive capacity of leukoaraiosis severity to that of lesion damage, a factor known to account for a substantial proportion of variance in the degree of language impairment and recovery. Methods. Using a longitudinal database of behavioral and neuroimaging data from 35 individuals in the chronic stage of recovery after a single-event left-hemisphere stroke (9 females, mean stroke age = 55.8 ± 9.1 years, mean months poststroke at initial evaluation = 36.3 ± 40.8), we examined 2 lines of inquiry: (1) to what extent does leukoaraiosis severity at initial evaluation predict aphasia severity and (2) to what extent does leukoaraiosis severity at initial evaluation predict longitudinal change in aphasia severity. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the purpose of lesion volume analysis and leukoaraiosis severity rating. Biographical information was also considered. Results. Lesion volume and time poststroke at initial assessment best predicted initial aphasia severity (adjusted R2 = 0.37). Leukoaraiosis severity and initial aphasia severity significantly predicted decline in language abilities at follow-up, accounting for approximately one-third of the variance (adjusted R2 = 0.33). More severe leukoaraiosis was associated with a 4.3 odds increase of decline. Conclusions. Leukoaraiosis is a significant risk factor for declining language abilities in aphasia and should be considered for better identification of individuals at risk for long-term decline, which can guide clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brielle C Stark
- 1 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- 2 Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- 3 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- 1 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- 1 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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58
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Ter Telgte A, van Leijsen EMC, Wiegertjes K, Klijn CJM, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE. Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:387-398. [PMID: 29802354 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is commonly observed on neuroimaging among elderly individuals and is recognized as a major vascular contributor to dementia, cognitive decline, gait impairment, mood disturbance and stroke. However, clinical symptoms are often highly inconsistent in nature and severity among patients with similar degrees of SVD on brain imaging. Here, we provide a new framework based on new advances in structural and functional neuroimaging that aims to explain the remarkable clinical variation in SVD. First, we discuss the heterogeneous pathology present in SVD lesions despite an identical appearance on imaging and the perilesional and remote effects of these lesions. We review effects of SVD on structural and functional connectivity in the brain, and we discuss how network disruption by SVD can lead to clinical deficits. We address reserve and compensatory mechanisms in SVD and discuss the part played by other age-related pathologies. Finally, we conclude that SVD should be considered a global rather than a focal disease, as the classically recognized focal lesions affect remote brain structures and structural and functional network connections. The large variability in clinical symptoms among patients with SVD can probably be understood by taking into account the heterogeneity of SVD lesions, the effects of SVD beyond the focal lesions, the contribution of neurodegenerative pathologies other than SVD, and the interaction with reserve mechanisms and compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Ter Telgte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther M C van Leijsen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Wiegertjes
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Serra L, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Di Domenico C, Bozzali M, Caltagirone C. Rethinking the Reserve with a Translational Approach: Novel Ideas on the Construct and the Interventions. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:1065-1078. [PMID: 30149458 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of brain, cognitive, and neural reserves has been introduced to account for the apparent discrepancies between neurological damage and clinical manifestations. However, these ideas are yet theoretical suggestions that are not completely assimilated in the clinical routine. The mechanisms of the reserves have been extensively studied in neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular in Alzheimer's disease. Both human and animal studies addressed this topic by following two parallel pathways. The specific aim of the present review is to attempt to combine the suggestions derived from the two different research fields to deepen the knowledge about reserves. In fact, the achievement of a comprehensive theoretical framework on reserve mechanisms is an essential step to propose well-timed interventions tailored to the clinical characteristics of patients. The present review highlights the importance of addressing three main aspects: the definition of reserve proxy measures, the interaction between reserve level and therapeutic interventions, and the specific time-window of reserve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology and Behaviour, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Imaging Science Center, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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60
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Zahodne LB, Mayeda ER, Hohman TJ, Fletcher E, Racine AM, Gavett B, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Mayeux R, Brickman AM, Mungas D. The role of education in a vascular pathway to episodic memory: brain maintenance or cognitive reserve? Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:109-118. [PMID: 31539647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Educational attainment is associated with cognition among older adults, but this association is complex and not well understood. While associated with better cognition among healthy adults, more education predicts faster decline in older adults with cognitive impairment. Education may influence cognitive functioning through mechanisms involving brain maintenance (BM: reduced age-related pathology) or cognitive reserve (CR: altered pathology-cognition association). We examined evidence for each mechanism by quantifying main and interaction effects of education within a well-studied pathway involving systolic blood pressure, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and episodic memory in 2 samples without dementia at the baseline (total N = 1136). There were no effects of education on systolic blood pressure or WMH, suggesting a lack of evidence for BM. In the sample less likely to progress to dementia, education attenuated the effect of WMH on memory at the baseline. In the sample more likely to progress to dementia, education exacerbated this effect at the baseline. These moderations provide evidence for a CR mechanism and are consistent with previous findings of faster decline once CR is depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Brandon Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology, and Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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61
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Optical measures of cerebral arterial stiffness are associated with white matter signal abnormalities and cognitive performance in normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:200-207. [PMID: 31500910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Decline in fluid abilities in normal aging is associated with increased white matter lesions, measured on T1-weighted images as white matter signal abnormalities (WMSAs). WMSAs are particularly evident in hypertensive older adults, suggesting vascular involvement. However, because hypertension is assessed systemically, the specific role of cerebral arterial stiffening in WMSAs has yet to be demonstrated. In 93 cognitively normal adults (aged 18-87 years), we used a novel method to measure cerebral arterial elasticity (pulse relaxation function [PReFx]) with diffuse optical tomography (pulse-DOT) and investigated its association with WMSAs, age, and cognition. PReFx was associated with WMSAs, with older adults with low PReFx showing the greatest WMSA burden. PReFx in brain regions perfused by the middle cerebral artery showed the largest associations with WMSAs and partially mediated the relationship between age and WMSAs. Finally, WMSAs partially mediated the relationship between PReFx and fluid but not crystallized abilities scores. Taken together, these findings suggest that loss of cerebral arterial elasticity is associated with cerebral white matter lesions and age-related cognitive decline.
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62
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Kartschmit N, Mikolajczyk R, Schubert T, Lacruz ME. Measuring Cognitive Reserve (CR) - A systematic review of measurement properties of CR questionnaires for the adult population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219851. [PMID: 31390344 PMCID: PMC6685632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and critically appraise the quality of published literature on measurement properties of questionnaires assessing Cognitive Reserve (CR) in adults (>18 years). Methods We systematically searched for published studies on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science through August 2018. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies and the results on measurement properties based on a consensus-based standard checklist. Results The search strategy identified 991 publications, of which 37 were selected evaluating the measurement properties of six different questionnaires. Construct validity of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire was most extensively evaluated, while evaluation of the remaining measurement properties of this questionnaire was scarce. Measurement properties of the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire and the Cognitive Reserve Scale were assessed more completely. While the Lifetime of Experience Questionnaire seems to be the most thorough instrument, a finale recommendation for one specific questionnaire cannot be drawn, since about half of the measurement properties for each questionnaire were poorly or not assessed at all. Conclusions There is a need of high quality methodological studies assessing measurement properties of CR questionnaires, especially regarding content validity, structural validity, and responsiveness. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration number CRD42018107766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kartschmit
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Lacruz
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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The Modulatory Effect of Cerebrovascular Burden in Response to Cognitive Stimulation in Healthy Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:2305318. [PMID: 31467519 PMCID: PMC6701285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2305318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular burden is a common pathology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an additive impact on cognitive functioning. Despite being proposed as a potential moderator of cholinesterase inhibiting drug therapy, there is a paucity of evidence investigating the impact of cerebrovascular pathology on responsiveness to cognitive interventions. Method The current study uses neuropsychological, neurostructural, and functional connectivity indices to characterise response to a cognitive stimulation paradigm in 25 healthy ageing and 22 MCI participants, to examine the hypothesised detrimental effects of concurrent vascular pathology. Results In both healthy ageing and MCI, increased levels of vascular pathology limited the potential for a neuroplastic response to cognitive stimulation. In healthy ageing, participants with lower levels of vascular burden had greater functional connectivity response in the target posterior default mode network. Those with low levels of vascular pathology in the MCI cohort had increased functional connectivity of the right insula and claustrum within the salience network. Burden did not, however, predict cognitive or neuroanatomical changes. Conclusions The current research evidences the modulatory effect of cerebrovascular pathology in interventions aimed at re-establishing network connectivity to prevent cognitive deterioration and delay the transition to the dementia stage of AD. Examination of co-occurring vascular pathology may improve precision in targeting treatment to MCI candidates who may respond optimally to such cognitive interventions.
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Plata-Bello J, Plata-Bello A, Pérez-Martín Y, Fajardo V, Concepción-Massip T. Androgen deprivation therapy increases brain ageing. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5613-5627. [PMID: 31377745 PMCID: PMC6710035 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequent neoplasia in the male population and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is frequently used in the management of the disease. AIM To evaluate the effect of ADT exposure on cognitive status, grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter lesion (WML) load. METHODS Fifty ADT patients and fifteen PC-non-ADT (control) patients were included in the study. A neuropsychological evaluation was performed and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with anatomical T1 and FLAIR sequences, was performed to evaluate the GMV and the WML burden. RESULTS Most of the patients included in the study presented a significant cognitive impairment (CI). No significant differences were identified in the cognitive assessment between the studied groups, but when considering the educational background intragroup differences were found.No significant difference of GMV and WML volume were identified between groups, but a negative relationship between the ADT period and the GMV was identified. Furthermore, a significant positive association between the age and the lesion volume was found in the ADT group (β=.406; p=.004). CONCLUSION PC patients exposed to ADT present an acceleration of age-related brain changes, such as WML development and GMV loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plata-Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, Spain
| | - Ana Plata-Bello
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Martín
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, Spain
| | - Victor Fajardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, Spain
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Effects of Systematic Categorization Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults and in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:9785319. [PMID: 31534559 PMCID: PMC6732608 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9785319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hierarchical cognitive training using the categorization program (CP), designed initially for adults with cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifty-eight participants were included: a group of fifteen young adults with TBI (ages 18-48), another group of fifteen noninjured young adults (ages 18-50), and two groups of adults over 60 randomly assigned into the experimental group (n = 14) or the control group (n = 14). Following neuropsychological testing, the two young adult groups and the experimental older adult group received the CP training for 10-12 weeks. The CP training consisted of 8 levels targeting concept formation, object categorization, and decision-making abilities. Two CP tests (administered before and after the training) and three probe tasks (administered at specified intervals during the training) assessed skills relating to categorization. All treated groups showed significant improvement in their categorization performance, although younger participants (with or without TBI) demonstrated greater gains. Gains on the categorization measures were maintained by a subgroup of older adults up to four months posttraining. Implications of these findings in terms of adult cognitive learning and directions for future research on adult cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation programs are discussed.
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66
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Boronat A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. N-of-1 Clinical Trials in Nutritional Interventions Directed at Improving Cognitive Function. Front Nutr 2019; 6:110. [PMID: 31396517 PMCID: PMC6663977 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Longer life expectancy has led to an increase in the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline and dementia worldwide. Due to the current lack of effective treatment for these conditions, preventive strategies represent a research priority. A large body of evidence suggests that nutrition is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related cognitive decline, but also that it may play a critical role in slowing down its progression. At a population level, healthy dietary patterns interventions, such as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets, have been associated with improved cognitive performance and a decreased risk of neurodegenerative disease development. In the era of evidence-based medicine and patient-centered healthcare, personalized nutritional recommendations would offer a considerable opportunity in preventing cognitive decline progression. N-of-1 clinical trials have emerged as a fundamental design in evidence-based medicine. They consider each individual as the only unit of observation and intervention. The aggregation of series of N-of-1 clinical trials also enables population-level conclusions. This review provides a general view of the current scientific evidence regarding nutrition and cognitive decline, and critically states its limitations when translating results into the clinical practice. Furthermore, we suggest methodological strategies to develop N-of-1 clinical trials focused on nutrition and cognition in an older population. Finally, we evaluate the potential challenges that researchers may face when performing studies in precision nutrition and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona/Barcelonatech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chen H, Li Y, Liu Q, Shi Q, Wang J, Shen H, Chen X, Ma J, Ai L, Zhang YM. Abnormal Interactions of the Salience Network, Central Executive Network, and Default-Mode Network in Patients With Different Cognitive Impairment Loads Caused by Leukoaraiosis. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:42. [PMID: 31275116 PMCID: PMC6592158 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with cognitive impairment in the older people which can be demonstrated in functional connectivity (FC) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This study is to explore the FC changes in LA patients with different cognitive status by three network models. Fifty-three patients with LA were divided into three groups: the normal cognition (LA-NC; n = 14, six males), mild cognitive impairment (LA-MCI; n = 27, 13 males), and vascular dementia (LA-VD; n = 12, six males), according to the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The three groups and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs; 11 males) underwent rs-fMRI. The data of rs-fMRI were analyzed by independent components analysis (ICA) and region of interest (ROI) analysis by the REST toolbox. Then the FC was respectively analyzed by the default-mode network (DMN), salience networks (SNs) and the central executive network (CEN) with their results compared among the different groups. For inter-brain network analysis, there were negative FC between the SN and DMN in LA groups, and the FC decreased when compared with HC group. While there were enhanced inter-brain network FC between the SN and CEN as well as within the SN. The FC in patients with LA can be detected by different network models of rs-fMRI. The multi-model analysis is helpful for the further understanding of the cognitive changes in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexiu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingli Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of The Yang Tze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Mei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Segalas C, Amieva H, Jacqmin-Gadda H. A hypothesis testing procedure for random changepoint mixed models. Stat Med 2019; 38:3791-3803. [PMID: 31206731 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical research, random changepoint mixed models are used to take into account an individual breakpoint in a biomarker trajectory. This may be observed in the cognitive decline measured by psychometric tests in the prediagnosis phase of Alzheimer's disease. The existence, intensity and duration of this accelerated decline can depend on individual characteristics. The main objective of our work is to propose inferential methods to assess the existence of this phase of accelerated decline, ie, the existence of a random changepoint. To do so, we use a mixed model with two linear phases and test the nullity of the parameter measuring the difference of slopes between the two phases. Because we face the issue of nuisance parameters being unidentifiable under the null hypothesis, the supremum of the classic score test statistic on these parameters is used. The asymptotic distribution of the supremum under the null is approached with a perturbation method based on the multiplier bootstrap. The performance of our testing procedure is assessed via simulations and the test is applied to the French cohort PAQUID of elderly subjects to study the shape of the prediagnosis decline according to educational level. The test is significant for both educational levels and the estimated trajectories confirmed that educational level is a good marker for cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Segalas
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Kaskikallio A, Karrasch M, Rinne JO, Tuokkola T, Parkkola R, Grönholm-Nyman P. Domain-specific cognitive effects of white matter pathology in old age, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:453-470. [PMID: 31198088 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1628916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant white matter (WM) brain pathology is often present in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive effects of WM pathology on cognition in normal and pathological aging have been studied, but very little is known about possible group-specific effects in old age, MCI and AD. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between WM pathology and cognitive functioning in four cognitive domains in old age, MCI and AD. The study utilized multi-domain neuropsychological data and visually rated MRI imaging data from a sample of 56 healthy older adults, 40 patients with MCI and 52 patients with AD (n = 148). After controlling for age and education, main effects of frontal WM pathology (especially in the left hemisphere) were found for cognitive performances in two domains, whereas a main effect of parieto-occipital WM pathology was only found for processing speed. In addition, with regard to processing speed, an interaction between group and WM changes was found: Patients with AD that had moderate or severe left frontal WM pathology were considerably slower than patients with AD that had milder cerebrovascular pathology. Frontal WM pathology, especially in the left hemisphere, seems to affect cognitive functions in many domains in all three groups. The results of the study increase our knowledge of cognitive repercussions stemming from frontal and/or parieto-occipital WM pathology in AD. Clinicians should be aware that patients with AD with prominent frontal cerebrovascular pathology can have considerably slowed cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alar Kaskikallio
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET-Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University and University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Intelligence moderates the relationship between age and inter-connectivity of resting state networks in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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72
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Perneczky R, Kempermann G, Korczyn AD, Matthews FE, Ikram MA, Scarmeas N, Chetelat G, Stern Y, Ewers M. Translational research on reserve against neurodegenerative disease: consensus report of the International Conference on Cognitive Reserve in the Dementias and the Alzheimer's Association Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors Professional Interest Area working groups. BMC Med 2019; 17:47. [PMID: 30808345 PMCID: PMC6391801 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of reserve was established to account for the observation that a given degree of neurodegenerative pathology may result in varying degrees of symptoms in different individuals. There is a large amount of evidence on epidemiological risk and protective factors for neurodegenerative diseases and dementia, yet the biological mechanisms that underpin the protective effects of certain lifestyle and physiological variables remain poorly understood, limiting the development of more effective preventive and treatment strategies. Additionally, different definitions and concepts of reserve exist, which hampers the coordination of research and comparison of results across studies. DISCUSSION This paper represents the consensus of a multidisciplinary group of experts from different areas of research related to reserve, including clinical, epidemiological and basic sciences. The consensus was developed during meetings of the working groups of the first International Conference on Cognitive Reserve in the Dementias (24-25 November 2017, Munich, Germany) and the Alzheimer's Association Reserve and Resilience Professional Interest Area (25 July 2018, Chicago, USA). The main objective of the present paper is to develop a translational perspective on putative mechanisms underlying reserve against neurodegenerative disease, combining evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies with knowledge from animal and basic research. The potential brain functional and structural basis of reserve in Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders are discussed, as well as relevant lifestyle and genetic factors assessed in both humans and animal models. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to advance our concept of reserve from a hypothetical model to a more concrete approach that can be used to improve the development of effective interventions aimed at preventing dementia. Our group recommends agreement on a common dictionary of terms referring to different aspects of reserve, the improvement of opportunities for data sharing across individual cohorts, harmonising research approaches across laboratories and groups to reduce heterogeneity associated with human data, global coordination of clinical trials to more effectively explore whether reducing epidemiological risk factors leads to a reduced burden of neurodegenerative diseases in the population, and an increase in our understanding of the appropriateness of animal models for reserve research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Division of Mental Health in Older Adults and Alzheimer Therapy and Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel- Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.,MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gael Chetelat
- Université Normandie, Inserm, Université de Caen-Normandie, Inserm UMR-S U1237, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Georgakis MK, Duering M, Wardlaw JM, Dichgans M. WMH and long-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Neurology 2019; 92:e1298-e1308. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between baseline white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with ischemic stroke and long-term risk of dementia, functional impairment, recurrent stroke, and mortality.MethodsFollowing the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018092857), we systematically searched Medline and Scopus for cohort studies of ischemic stroke patients examining whether MRI- or CT-assessed WMH at baseline are associated with dementia, functional impairment, recurrent stroke, and mortality at 3 months or later poststroke. We extracted data and evaluated study quality with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. We pooled relative risks (RR) for the presence and severity of WMH using random-effects models.ResultsWe included 104 studies with 71,298 ischemic stroke patients. Moderate/severe WMH at baseline were associated with increased risk of dementia (RR 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72–2.73), cognitive impairment (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.48–3.54), functional impairment (RR 2.21, 95% CI 1.83–2.67), any recurrent stroke (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.36–2.01), recurrent ischemic stroke (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.26–2.88), all-cause mortality (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.47–2.01), and cardiovascular mortality (RR 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.83). The associations followed dose-response patterns for WMH severity and were consistent for both MRI- and CT-defined WMH. The results remained stable in sensitivity analyses adjusting for age, stroke severity, and cardiovascular risk factors, in analyses of studies scoring high in quality, and in analyses adjusted for publication bias.ConclusionsPresence and severity of WMH are associated with substantially increased risk of dementia, functional impairment, stroke recurrence, and mortality after ischemic stroke. WMH may aid clinical prognostication and the planning of future clinical trials.
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Andrade FCD, Corona LP, Oliveira Duarte YA. Educational Differences in Cognitive Life Expectancy Among Older Adults in Brazil. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1218-1225. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ligiana Pires Corona
- Department of Nutrition, School of Applied SciencesUniversity of Campinas Campinas Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize current conceptual models of cognitive reserve (CR) and related concepts and to discuss evidence for these concepts within the context of aging and Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence to date supports the notion that higher levels of CR, as measured by proxy variables reflective of lifetime experiences, are associated with better cognitive performance, and with a reduced risk of incident mild cognitive impairment/dementia. However, the impact of CR on longitudinal cognitive trajectories is unclear and may be influenced by a number of factors. Although there is promising evidence that some proxy measures of CR may influence structural brain measures, more research is needed. The protective effects of CR may provide an important mechanism for preserving cognitive function and cognitive well-being with age, in part because it can be enhanced throughout the lifespan. However, more research on the mechanisms by which CR is protective is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Reed Hall 1-West, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Reed Hall 1-West, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Abstract
Cognitive reserve is a latent construct theorized to account for the discrepancy between observed brain deterioration and ultimate clinical outcomes. This review outlines the theoretical development of the reserve concept and presents major trends within epidemiological and neuroimaging research literatures in support of such a construct. Particular focus is placed on the implications for cognitive aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Taub Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Daniel Barulli
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Bian Y, Wang JC, Sun F, Sun ZY, Lin YJ, Liu Y, Zhao B, Liu L, Luo XG. Assessment of cerebrovascular reserve impairment using the breath-holding index in patients with leukoaraiosis. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1412-1418. [PMID: 30964067 PMCID: PMC6524493 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that leukoaraiosis is associated with impaired cerebrovascular reserve function. However, the definitive hemodynamic changes that occur in leukoaraiosis are not clear, and there are many controversies. This study aimed to investigate hemodynamic changes in symptomatic leukoaraiosis using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and the breath-holding test in a Chinese Han population, from northern China. A total of 203 patients who were diagnosed with ischemic stroke or clinical chronic progressive ischemic symptoms were enrolled in this study, including 97 males and 106 females, with an age range of 43–93 years. The severity of leukoaraiosis was evaluated according to the Fazekas grading scale, and patients were divided into four groups accordingly. Grade 0 was no leukoaraiosis, and grades I, II, and III were mild, moderate, and severe leukoaraiosis, respectively, with 44, 79, 44, and 36 cases in each group. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and the breath-holding test were performed. The mean blood flow velocity of the bilateral middle cerebral artery was measured and the breath-holding index was calculated. The breath holding index was correlated with leukoaraiosis severity and cognitive impairment. Patients with a low breath holding index presented poor performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive function tests. That is, the lower the breath holding index, the lower the scores for the MoCA and the higher for the trail-making test Parts A and B. These results indicate that the breath-holding index is a useful parameter for the evaluation of cerebrovascular reserve impairment in patients with leukoaraiosis. In addition, the breath-holding index can reflect cognitive dysfunction, providing a new insight into the pathophysiology of leukoaraiosis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, China (approval No. 20160301) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800014421).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Brain atrophy and strategic lesion location increases risk of parkinsonism in cerebral small vessel disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:94-100. [PMID: 30448096 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incident parkinsonism in patients with comparable cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) burden is not fully explained by presence of SVD alone. We therefore investigated if severity of SVD, SVD location, incidence of SVD and/or brain atrophy plays a role in this distinct development of parkinsonism. METHODS Participants were from the RUN DMC study, a prospective cohort of 503 individuals with SVD. Parkinsonism was diagnosed according to the UKPDS brain bank criteria. Fine and Gray method was used to assess the association between SVD and incident parkinsonism. Differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) progression and brain atrophy were calculated with a linear mixed effect analysis. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 32 of 501 participants developed parkinsonism (6.4%). The highest WMH load was found in the frontal lobe for both groups. Presence of more than one lacune at baseline was higher in the group who developed parkinsonism, especially in the frontal lobe (22% versus 3%, p < 0.001) and basal ganglia (12.5% versus 1%, p-value <0.001). The annual rate of total brain atrophy was significantly higher for those who developed parkinsonism compared to those who did not (8.7 ml [95%CI 7.1-10.3] and 4.9 ml [95%CI 4.5-5.3], respectively). While WMH progression was not different, incidence of lacunes and microbleeds was higher in the group with parkinsonism. CONCLUSION The risk of parkinsonism in patients with SVD is especially increased when WMH and lacunes are present in the frontal lobe. A higher brain atrophy rate might further increase this risk.
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79
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:701-710. [PMID: 30305711 PMCID: PMC6472256 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benson G, Hildebrandt A, Lange C, Schwarz C, Köbe T, Sommer W, Flöel A, Wirth M. Functional connectivity in cognitive control networks mitigates the impact of white matter lesions in the elderly. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:109. [PMID: 30368250 PMCID: PMC6204269 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular pathology, quantified by white matter lesions (WML), is known to affect cognition in aging, and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher functional connectivity in cognitive control networks mitigates the detrimental effect of WML on cognition. METHODS Nondemented older participants (≥ 50 years; n = 230) underwent cognitive evaluation, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Total WML volumes were quantified algorithmically. Functional connectivity was assessed in preselected higher-order resting state networks, namely the fronto-parietal, the salience, and the default mode network, using global and local measures. Latent moderated structural equations modeling examined direct and interactive relationships between WML volumes, functional connectivity, and cognition. RESULTS Larger WML volumes were associated with worse cognition, having a greater impact on executive functions (β = -0.37, p < 0.01) than on memory (β = -0.22, p < 0.01). Higher global functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network and higher local connectivity between the salience network and medial frontal cortex significantly mitigated the impact of WML on executive functions, (unstandardized coefficients: b = 2.39, p = 0.01; b = 3.92, p = 0.01) but not on memory (b = -5.01, p = 0.51, b = 2.01, p = 0.07, respectively). No such effects were detected for the default mode network. CONCLUSION Higher functional connectivity in fronto-parietal and salience networks may protect against detrimental effects of WML on executive functions, the cognitive domain that was predominantly affected by cerebrovascular pathology. These results highlight the crucial role of cognitive control networks as a neural substrate of cognitive reserve in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Benson
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catharina Lange
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schwarz
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Köbe
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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81
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De Wit L, O'Shea D, Chandler M, Bhaskar T, Tanner J, Vemuri P, Crook J, Morris M, Smith G. Physical exercise and cognitive engagement outcomes for mild neurocognitive disorder: a group-randomized pilot trial. Trials 2018; 19:573. [PMID: 30340619 PMCID: PMC6194559 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered a risk state for the development of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. It is also a period in which interventions may be most effective in slowing progression to dementia. Computerized cognitive training and increased physical activity have shown to be among the most promising interventions. However, current evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing cognitive training, physical activity, and an active control is inconsistent. Furthermore, the neural mechanisms underlying these interventions are currently unclear. Methods The objective of the current pilot study is to explore the feasibility of a trial investigating the impact of computerized cognitive training, yoga, and an active control intervention (wellness education) in individuals with aMCI by conducting a group-randomized, multisite, parallel, three-arm pilot study. We will establish preliminary effect sizes regarding the association of each intervention with neuroimaging and cognitive and participant-reported measures. We also aim to estimate the strength of association between the various outcomes. The current trial aims to recruit 75 people with aMCI and their 75 cognitively healthy care partners through clinics and senior care facilities. The initial intervention will last 10 days and will consist of 1 h daily of the assigned intervention i.e., (yoga, computerized cognitive training, or wellness education) combined with 1 h of memory compensation training and 1 h of support groups. Twenty-five participants will be group-randomized to each arm using a random number generator. Study staff and participants will be kept blind until recruitment is complete for each group. After the initial two-week intervention, participants will continue the assigned intervention for 24 weeks. Outcome measures are: functional connectivity and cerebral perfusion as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging; cognition; daily functioning; mood; anxiety; self-efficacy; caregiver burden; quality of life; and study feasibility including recruitment and retention rates. Discussion This pilot trial aims to investigate the feasibility of a trial studying the impact of computerized cognitive training, yoga, and an active control intervention in persons with aMCI on MRI-based functional connectivity and cerebral perfusion as well as cognition, daily functioning, mood, anxiety, and quality of life and feasibility? Trial registrations ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03095170. Registered on 23 March 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2865-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte De Wit
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Deirdre O'Shea
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Melanie Chandler
- Institutional address: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tripti Bhaskar
- Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare, 1401 Centerville Road, Tallahassee, FL, 32308, USA
| | - Jared Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Julia Crook
- Institutional address: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Miranda Morris
- Institutional address: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Glenn Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. NATURE REVIEWS. NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30305711 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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83
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Effective Reserve: A Latent Variable to Improve Outcome Prediction in Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:63-69. [PMID: 30269881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of functional outcome after stroke based on initial presentation remains an open challenge, suggesting that an important aspect is missing from these prediction models. There exists the notion of a protective mechanism called brain reserve, which may be utilized to understand variations in disease outcome. In this work, we expand the concept of brain reserve (effective reserve) to improve prediction models of functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Consecutive AIS patients with acute brain magnetic resonance imaging (<48 hours) were eligible for this study. White matter hyperintensity and acute infarct volume were determined on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion weighted images, respectively. Modified Rankin Scale scores were obtained at 90days poststroke. Effective reserve was defined as a latent variable using structural equation modeling by including age, systolic blood pressure, and intracranial volume measurements. Of 453 AIS patients (mean age 66.6 ± 14.7 years), 36% were male and 311 hypertensive. There was inverse association between effective reserve and 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores (path coefficient -0.18 ± 0.01, P < .01). Compared to a model without effective reserve, correlation between predicted and observed modified Rankin Scale scores improved in the effective-reserve-based model (Spearman's ρ 0.29 ± 0.18 versus 0.15 ± 0.17, P < .001). Furthermore, hypertensive patients exhibited lower effective reserve (P < 10-6). Using effective reserve in prediction models of stroke outcome is feasible and leads to better model performance. Furthermore, higher effective reserve is associated with more favorable functional poststoke outcome and might correspond to an overall better vascular health.
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84
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Jung NY, Cho H, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Lee JM, Park S, Kim ST, Kim EJ, Kim JS, Moon SH, Lee JH, Ewers M, Na DL, Seo SW. The impact of education on cortical thickness in amyloid-negative subcortical vascular dementia: cognitive reserve hypothesis. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:103. [PMID: 30261914 PMCID: PMC6161352 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The protective effect of education has been well established in Alzheimer’s disease, whereas its role in patients with isolated cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear. We examined the correlation of education with cortical thickness and cerebral small vessel disease markers in patients with pure subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and patients with pure subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD). Methods We analyzed 45 patients with svMCI and 47 patients with SVaD with negative results on Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomographic imaging who underwent structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. The main outcome was cortical thickness measured using surface-based morphometric analysis. We also assessed the volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and numbers of lacunes as other outcomes. To investigate the correlation of education with cortical thickness, WMH volume, and number of lacunes, multiple linear regression analyses were performed after controlling for covariates, including Mini Mental State Examination, in the svMCI and SVaD groups. Results In the SVaD group, higher education was correlated with more severe cortical thinning in the bilateral dorsolateral frontal, left medial frontal, and parahippocampal areas, whereas there was no correlation of education with cortical thickness in the svMCI group. There was no correlation between education and cerebral small vessel disease, including WMH and lacunes, in both patients with svMCI and patients with SVaD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the compensatory effects of education on cortical thinning apply to patients with SVaD, which might be explained by the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Jung
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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85
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Langen CD, Cremers LGM, de Groot M, White T, Ikram MA, Niessen WJ, Vernooij MW. Disconnection due to white matter hyperintensities is associated with lower cognitive scores. Neuroimage 2018; 183:745-756. [PMID: 30144572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have linked global burden of age-related white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine how WMHs in individual white matter connections relate to measures of cognitive function relative to measures of connectivity which do not take WMHs into account. Brain connectivity and WMH-related disconnectivity were derived from 3714 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Connectivity was represented by the structural connectome, which was defined using diffusion tensor data, whereas the disconnectome represented disconnectivity due to WMH. The relationship between (dis)connectivity and cognitive measures was estimated using linear regression. We found that lower disconnectivity and higher connectivity corresponded to better cognitive function. There were many more significant associations with cognitive function in the disconnectome than in the connectome. Most connectome associations attenuated when disconnection was included in the model. WMH-related disconnectivity was especially related to worse executive functioning. Better cognitive speed corresponded to higher connectivity in specific connections independent of WMH presence. We conclude that WMH-related disconnectivity explains more variation in cognitive function than does connectivity. Efficient wiring in specific connections is important to information processing speed independent of WMH presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Langen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lotte G M Cremers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marius de Groot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, PO Box 5046, 2600GA, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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86
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Zahodne LB, Schupf N, Brickman AM. Control beliefs are associated with preserved memory function in the face of low hippocampal volume among diverse older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1112-1120. [PMID: 29063505 PMCID: PMC5912994 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a link between locus of control and memory in older adults. Control beliefs may directly predict larger hippocampal volume (i.e., brain maintenance). Alternatively, control beliefs may be associated with smaller hippocampal volume at any given level of memory (i.e., cognitive reserve). Multivariable regression analyses examined associations between verbal episodic memory, locus of control and hippocampal volume among 236 non-demented older adults in the community-based Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Control beliefs were negatively associated with hippocampal volume when controlling for memory performance, indicating that individuals with stronger control beliefs were able to maintain memory function in the face of lower hippocampal volume. Subsequent exploratory models stratified by race/ethnicity indicated that this association was more prominent among racial/ethnic minorities (particularly Caribbean Hispanic older adults) than among non-Hispanic White older adults. Control beliefs were not associated with hippocampal volume before memory was taken into account. Results are consistent with the view that control beliefs facilitate the maintenance of memory function despite hippocampal volume loss. Results are not consistent with the view that locus of control contributes to brain maintenance. Culturally-appropriate interventions are needed to test whether strengthening control beliefs provides cognitive resistance to neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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87
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Cardiovascular symptoms and longitudinal declines in processing speed differentially predict cerebral white matter lesions in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:139-149. [PMID: 29960180 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that cerebral white matter lesions (WML), present in the majority of older adults, are associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and also with cognitive decline. However, much less is known about how WML are related to other important individual characteristics and about the generality vs. brain region-specificity of WML. In a longitudinal study of 112 community-dwelling adults (age 50-71 years at study entry), we used a machine learning approach to evaluate the relative strength of 52 variables in association with WML burden. Variables included socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health indices-as well as multiple cognitive abilities (modeled as latent constructs using factor analysis)-repeatedly measured at three- to six-year intervals. Greater chronological age, symptoms of cardiovascular disease, and processing speed declines were most strongly linked to elevated WML burden (accounting for ∼49% of variability in WML). Whereas frontal lobe WML burden was associated both with elevated cardiovascular symptoms and declines in processing speed, temporal lobe WML burden was only significantly associated with declines in processing speed. These latter outcomes suggest that age-related WML-cognition associations may be etiologically heterogeneous across fronto-temporal cerebral regions.
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88
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Chen WH, Jin W, Lyu PY, Liu Y, Li R, Hu M, Xiao XJ. Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cognitive Impairment in Nonstroke Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2375-2379. [PMID: 28937045 PMCID: PMC5634090 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a vascular risk factor, carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment. While carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in different stages, this review aimed to explore researches on the role of carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and tried to illustrate the possible mechanisms. Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to July 2017, with the key words of “carotid atherosclerosis,” “carotid intima-media thickness,” “carotid plaque,” “carotid stenosis,” “nonstroke,” and “cognitive impairment.” Study Selection: Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of carotid atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-thickness, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and the possible mechanisms. Results: In recent years, most studies proved that by evaluating carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography, carotid atherosclerosis accounts for the development of cognitive decline in nonstroke patients. Carotid atherosclerosis not only impairs the subtle general cognitive function but also decreases the specific domains of cognitive function, such as memory, motor function, visual perception, attention, and executive function. But, it is still controversial. The possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis can be classified as systemic global cerebrovascular function, small-vessel diseases, and the mixed lesions. Conclusions: Carotid atherosclerosis can be used to predict the risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, diagnosing and treating carotid atherosclerosis at early stage might help clinicians prevent and treat vascular cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Lyu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Rui Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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89
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Lam CLM, Yiend J, Lee TMC. Imaging and neuropsychological correlates of white matter lesions in different subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A systematic review. NeuroRehabilitation 2018; 41:189-204. [PMID: 28527230 DOI: 10.3233/nre-171471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter lesions (WML) are prevalent in older adults. The association between WML and cognition in different subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is inconsistent in the literature. OBJECTVES We aim to provide a systematic review on the impact of WML in different subtypes of MCI, and discuss the recent findings on white matter plasticity. METHODS We reviewed peer-reviewed articles from January 2011 to August 2016 and identified 12 studies investigating the association between WML and subtypes of MCI with both neuroimaging and cognitive measures. RESULTS Our review shows that 1) WM abnormality was identified between different subtypes of MCI and healthy controls on diffusion imaging; 2) neither visual ratings of WML nor its volumetry differentiate different subtypes of MCI or its prognosis to dementia; and 3) cognitive correlates of WML were evident in the Amnestic-type MCI in the domains of memory, language, psychomotor speed, attention and executive functions. CONCLUSION Cognitive reserve and the plasticity of white matter may modulate the impact of WML on the manifestation of the neurodegenerative disease. Further research is needed to study the plasticity of white matter in the MCI population to evaluate its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene L M Lam
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny Yiend
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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90
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Lindemer ER, Greve DN, Fischl B, Salat DH, Gomez-Isla T. White matter abnormalities and cognition in patients with conflicting diagnoses and CSF profiles. Neurology 2018; 90:e1461-e1469. [PMID: 29572277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether white matter changes influence progression of cognitive decline in individuals with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD) and differing biomarker profiles. METHODS Two hundred thirty-six individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database with clinical diagnoses of cognitively normal older adult (older controls [OCs]), mild cognitive impairment, and AD were studied. Support vector machine experiments were first performed to determine the utility of various biomarkers for classifying individuals by clinical diagnosis. General linear models were implemented to assess the relationships between CSF measures of β-amyloid 1-42, phosphorylated tau181p, and MRI-based white matter signal abnormality (WMSA) volumes and cognitive decline. Analyses were performed across all patients as well as within subgroups of individuals that were defined by clinical cutoff points for both CSF measures. RESULTS CSF biomarkers alone classified individuals with AD vs OCs with 82% accuracy, and the addition of WMSA did not enhance this. Both CSF biomarkers as well as WMSA volume significantly contributed to predicting cognitive decline in executive and memory domains when assessed across all 236 individuals. In individuals with pathologic levels of both CSF biomarkers, WMSA only significantly contributed to models of future executive function decline. In individuals with subpathologic CSF biomarker levels (levels similar to those in OC individuals), WMSA significantly contributed to prediction of memory decline and were the sole significant predictor of executive function decline. CONCLUSIONS WMSA hold additional predictive power regarding cognitive progression in older individuals and are most effective as biomarkers in individuals who are cognitively impaired but do not fit the expected CSF biomarker profile of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Lindemer
- From the Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.L.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (E.R.L., D.N.G., D.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Department of Neurology (T.G.-I.), Massachusetts General Hospital (B.F.), Boston; Department of Radiology (D.N.G., D.H.S.), Harvard Medical School (B.F.), Charlestown; Health Sciences and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston; and NeRVe Neuroimaging Center for Veterans (D.H.S.), Boston VA Healthcare System, MA.
| | - Douglas N Greve
- From the Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.L.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (E.R.L., D.N.G., D.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Department of Neurology (T.G.-I.), Massachusetts General Hospital (B.F.), Boston; Department of Radiology (D.N.G., D.H.S.), Harvard Medical School (B.F.), Charlestown; Health Sciences and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston; and NeRVe Neuroimaging Center for Veterans (D.H.S.), Boston VA Healthcare System, MA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- From the Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.L.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (E.R.L., D.N.G., D.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Department of Neurology (T.G.-I.), Massachusetts General Hospital (B.F.), Boston; Department of Radiology (D.N.G., D.H.S.), Harvard Medical School (B.F.), Charlestown; Health Sciences and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston; and NeRVe Neuroimaging Center for Veterans (D.H.S.), Boston VA Healthcare System, MA
| | - David H Salat
- From the Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.L.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (E.R.L., D.N.G., D.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Department of Neurology (T.G.-I.), Massachusetts General Hospital (B.F.), Boston; Department of Radiology (D.N.G., D.H.S.), Harvard Medical School (B.F.), Charlestown; Health Sciences and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston; and NeRVe Neuroimaging Center for Veterans (D.H.S.), Boston VA Healthcare System, MA
| | - Teresa Gomez-Isla
- From the Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.L.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (E.R.L., D.N.G., D.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Department of Neurology (T.G.-I.), Massachusetts General Hospital (B.F.), Boston; Department of Radiology (D.N.G., D.H.S.), Harvard Medical School (B.F.), Charlestown; Health Sciences and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston; and NeRVe Neuroimaging Center for Veterans (D.H.S.), Boston VA Healthcare System, MA
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91
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Franzmeier N, Caballero MÁA, Taylor ANW, Simon-Vermot L, Buerger K, Ertl-Wagner B, Mueller C, Catak C, Janowitz D, Baykara E, Gesierich B, Duering M, Ewers M. Resting-state global functional connectivity as a biomarker of cognitive reserve in mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:368-382. [PMID: 27709513 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) shows protective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reduces the risk of dementia. Despite the clinical significance of CR, a clinically useful diagnostic biomarker of brain changes underlying CR in AD is not available yet. Our aim was to develop a fully-automated approach applied to fMRI to produce a biomarker associated with CR in subjects at increased risk of AD. We computed resting-state global functional connectivity (GFC), i.e. the average connectivity strength, for each voxel within the cognitive control network, which may sustain CR due to its central role in higher cognitive function. In a training sample including 43 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects and 24 healthy controls (HC), we found that MCI subjects with high CR (> median of years of education, CR+) showed increased frequency of high GFC values compared to MCI-CR- and HC. A summary index capturing such a surplus frequency of high GFC was computed (called GFC reserve (GFC-R) index). GFC-R discriminated MCI-CR+ vs. MCI-CR-, with the area under the ROC = 0.84. Cross-validation in an independently recruited test sample of 23 MCI subjects showed that higher levels of the GFC-R index predicted higher years of education and an alternative questionnaire-based proxy of CR, controlled for memory performance, gray matter of the cognitive control network, white matter hyperintensities, age, and gender. In conclusion, the GFC-R index that captures GFC changes within the cognitive control network provides a biomarker candidate of functional brain changes of CR in patients at increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Franzmeier
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - M Á Araque Caballero
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - A N W Taylor
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - L Simon-Vermot
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - K Buerger
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - B Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - C Mueller
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - C Catak
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - D Janowitz
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - E Baykara
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - B Gesierich
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - M Duering
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ewers
- Institut für Schlaganfall-und Demenzforschung (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
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92
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Sierra Sanjurjo N, Saraniti AB, Gleichgerrcht E, Roca M, Manes F, Torralva T. The IFS (INECO Frontal Screening) and level of education: Normative data. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2018; 26:331-339. [PMID: 29432039 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1427096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Level of education is known to confound neuropsychological test performance. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is an easy-to-use and brief measure of several domains of executive function, which has previously shown reliably clinical usefulness and superior psychometric performance when compared to other frontal screening instruments. However, previous studies with the IFS have been limited to participants with high levels of education, preventing its generalizability to populations with less than 12 years of formal education. This is crucial, as less than half of the Latin American population and a large percentage of immigrants in developed countries attain high school education. The aim of this study was to generate IFS normative data in a sample stratified by age and education levels. One hundred and sixty one healthy adults were assessed with the IFS as well as measures of global cognitive screening, namely, the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multiple lineal regression analysis showed significant effects for education and nonsignificant effects for age. A correction grid for IFS raw scores was developed and cut-off scores were calculated. The correction grid and cut-off scores may be useful in the interpretation of IFS scores in participants with low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sierra Sanjurjo
- a Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNPS) Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht
- c Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - María Roca
- a Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNPS) Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,d National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- d National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,e Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,f Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Teresa Torralva
- a Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNPS) Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,f Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
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93
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Pauls MMH, Moynihan B, Barrick TR, Kruuse C, Madigan JB, Hainsworth AH, Isaacs JD. The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on cerebral blood flow in humans: A systematic review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:189-203. [PMID: 29256324 PMCID: PMC5951021 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17747177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agents that augment cerebral blood flow (CBF) could be potential treatments for vascular cognitive impairment. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are vasodilating drugs established in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary hypertension. We reviewed published data on the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on CBF in adult humans. A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library Trials databases were searched. Sixteen studies with 353 participants in total were retrieved. Studies included healthy volunteers and patients with migraine, ED, type 2 diabetes, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, Becker muscular dystrophy and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most studies used middle cerebral artery flow velocity to estimate CBF. Few studies employed direct measurements of tissue perfusion. Resting CBF velocity was unaffected by phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, but cerebrovascular regulation was improved in ED, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, Becker's and a group of healthy volunteers. This evidence suggests that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors improve responsiveness of the cerebral vasculature, particularly in disease states associated with an impaired endothelial dilatory response. This supports the potential therapeutic use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in vascular cognitive impairment where CBF is reduced. Further studies with better resolution of deep CBF are warranted. The review is registered on the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42016029668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde MH Pauls
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barry Moynihan
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Barrick
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular
Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy B Madigan
- Department of Neuroradiology, St
George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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94
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Schreiner SJ, Kirchner T, Narkhede A, Wyss M, Van Bergen JMG, Steininger SC, Gietl A, Leh SE, Treyer V, Buck A, Pruessmann KP, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Henning A, Brickman AM, Unschuld PG. Brain amyloid burden and cerebrovascular disease are synergistically associated with neurometabolism in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:152-161. [PMID: 29310864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive dysfunction in older adults. The pathological hallmarks of AD such as beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and neurometabolic change, as indicated by altered myo-inositol (mI) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, typically precede the onset of cognitive dysfunction by years. Furthermore, cerebrovascular disease occurs early in AD, but the interplay between vascular and neurometabolic brain change is largely unknown. Thirty cognitively normal older adults (age = 70 ± 5.6 years, Mini-Mental State Examination = 29.2 ± 1) received 11-C-Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography for estimating Aβ-plaque density, 7 Tesla fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying white matter hyperintensity volume as a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease and high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 Tesla, based on free induction decay acquisition localized by outer volume suppression to investigate tissue-specific neurometabolism in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. Aβ (β = 0.45, p = 0.018) and white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.40, p = 0.046) were independently and interactively (β = -0.49, p = 0.026) associated with a higher ratio of mI over NAA (mI/NAA) in the posterior cingulate and precuneus gray matter but not in the white matter. Our data suggest that cerebrovascular disease and Aβ burden are synergistically associated with AD-related gray matter neurometabolism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Schreiner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Atul Narkhede
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY
| | - Michael Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri M G Van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Steininger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra E Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY.
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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95
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MRI Markers Predict Cognitive Decline Assessed by Telephone Interview: The Northern Manhattan Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 31:34-40. [PMID: 27467026 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows researchers to observe structural pathology that may predict cognitive decline. Some populations are less accessible through traditional in-person visits, and may be under-represented in the literature. METHODS We examined white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and cerebral parenchymal fraction (CPF) as predictors of cognitive decline measured by a modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) in the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study, a racially and ethnically diverse cohort study. Participants were stroke-free, above 50 years old, and had no contraindications to MRI. A total of 1143 participants had MRI and TICS-m data available [mean age 70 (SD=9), 61% women, 66% Hispanic, 17% Black, 15% white]. RESULTS Those in the third and fourth quartiles of WMHV had significantly greater decline in TICS-m over time as compared with those in the first quartile (Q3: -0.17 points/year, Q4: -0.30 points/year). Those in the bottom 2 quartiles of CPF had significantly greater decline in TICS-m than those in the top quartile (Q1: -0.3 points/year, Q2: -0.2 points/year). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele carriers had greater cognitive decline per unit of CPF. Those with greater CPF preserve TICS-m performance better despite greater WMHV. CONCLUSIONS Telephone cognitive assessments can detect decline due to white matter lesions and smaller brain volumes.
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96
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Rodríguez-Angarita CE. Mantenimiento y conservación de la memoria en un grupo de ancianos. REPERTORIO DE MEDICINA Y CIRUGÍA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reper.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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97
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Tariq S, Barber PA. Dementia risk and prevention by targeting modifiable vascular risk factors. J Neurochem 2017; 144:565-581. [PMID: 28734089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of dementia is expected to double in the next 20 years and will contribute to heavy social and economic burden. Dementia is caused by neuronal loss that leads to brain atrophy years before symptoms manifest. Currently, no cure exists and extensive efforts are being made to mitigate cognitive impairment in late life in order to reduce the burden on patients, caregivers, and society. The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) often co-exists in the brain and shares common, modifiable risk factors, which are targeted in numerous secondary prevention trials. There is a growing need for non-pharmacological interventions and infrastructural support from governments to encourage psychosocial and behavioral interventions. Secondary prevention trials need to be redesigned based on the risk profile of individual subjects, which require the use of validated and standardized clinical, biological, and neuroimaging biomarkers. Multi-domain approaches have been proposed in high-risk populations that target optimal treatment; clinical trials need to recruit individuals at the highest risk of dementia before symptoms develop, thereby identifying an enriched disease group to test preventative and disease modifying strategies. The underlying aim should be to reduce microscopic brain tissue loss by modifying vascular and lifestyle risk factors over a relatively short period of time, thus optimizing the opportunity for preventing dementia in the future. Collaboration between international research groups is of key importance to the optimal use and allocation of existing resources, and the development of new techniques in preventing dementia. This article is part of the Special Issue "Vascular Dementia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tariq
- Seaman Family MR Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Foothills Medical Center, Room 1A10 Health Research Innovation Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip A Barber
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Foothills Medical Center, Room 1A10 Health Research Innovation Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
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98
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White Matter Hyperintensity Load Modulates Brain Morphometry and Brain Connectivity in Healthy Adults: A Neuroplastic Mechanism? Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4050536. [PMID: 28845309 PMCID: PMC5560090 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are acquired lesions that accumulate and disrupt neuron-to-neuron connectivity. We tested the associations between WMH load and (1) regional grey matter volumes and (2) functional connectivity of resting-state networks, in a sample of 51 healthy adults. Specifically, we focused on the positive associations (more damage, more volume/connectivity) to investigate a potential route of adaptive plasticity. WMHs were quantified with an automated procedure. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to model grey matter. An independent component analysis was run to extract the anterior and posterior default-mode network, the salience network, the left and right frontoparietal networks, and the visual network. Each model was corrected for age, global levels of atrophy, and indices of brain and cognitive reserve. Positive associations were found with morphometry and functional connectivity of the anterior default-mode network and salience network. Within the anterior default-mode network, an association was found in the left mediotemporal-limbic complex. Within the salience network, an association was found in the right parietal cortex. The findings support the suggestion that, even in the absence of overt disease, the brain actuates a compensatory (neuroplastic) response to the accumulation of WMH, leading to increases in regional grey matter and modified functional connectivity.
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99
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Luo X, Jiaerken Y, Yu X, Huang P, Qiu T, Jia Y, Li K, Xu X, Shen Z, Guan X, Zhou J, Zhang M. Associations between APOE genotype and cerebral small-vessel disease: a longitudinal study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44477-44489. [PMID: 28574812 PMCID: PMC5546495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It remains unclear if and how the interactions between APOE genotypes and cerebral small-vessel diseases (CSVD) lead to cognitive decline in the long term. Based on ADNI cohort, this longitudinal study aimed to clarify the potential relationship among APOE genotype, CSVD and cognition by integrating multi-level data. METHOD There were 135 healthy elderly (including ε2, ε4 allele carriers and ε3 homozygotes) who had completed two years' follow-up. MRI markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), dilated perivascular space (dPVS), microbleeds and lacune, were assessed. Besides, neuropathological factors including Alzheimer's disease-related pathology measured by CSF and PiB-PET were assessed. Repeated measurements ANOVAs were performed to test impact of different APOE genotypes on CSVD. RESULTS We found that APOE ε4 carriers had significantly more frontal WMH burden and basal ganglia dPVS at baseline and faster progression of frontal WMH burden during follow-up. Furthermore, our results showed that APOE ε4 carriers had significantly decreased Aβ1-42 level, and its level was negatively related with baseline and progressive total WMH burden. Then, general linear modals indicated interaction between basal frontal WMH burden and ε4 allele was related with declining trend of cognition. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested APOE ε4 allele was associated with increased Aβ deposition, which may lead to the formation and progression of WMH, especially in frontal lobe. Besides, interaction between the increased frontal WMH burden and ε4 allele can exert long-term detrimental effects on individual's trajectory of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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100
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Sartor J, Bettecken K, Bernhard FP, Hofmann M, Gladow T, Lindig T, Ciliz M, Ten Kate M, Geritz J, Heinzel S, Benedictus M, Scheltens P, Hobert MA, Maetzler W. White Matter Changes-Related Gait and Executive Function Deficits: Associations with Age and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:213. [PMID: 28713264 PMCID: PMC5491602 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: White matter changes (WMC) are a common finding among older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and have been associated with, e.g., gait deficits and executive dysfunction. How the factors age and PD influence WMC-related deficits is, to our best knowledge, not investigated to date. We hypothesized that advanced age and presence of PD leads to WMC-related symptoms while practicing tasks with a low complexity level, and low age and absence of PD leads to WMC-related symptoms while practicing tasks with a high complexity level. Methods: Hundred and thirty-eight participants [65 young persons without PD (50–69 years, yPn), 22 young PD patients (50–69 years, yPD), 36 old persons without PD (70–89 years, oPn) and 15 old PD patients (70–89 years, oPD)] were included. Presence and severity of WMC were determined with the modified Fazekas score. Velocity of walking under single and dual tasking conditions and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were used as gait and executive function parameters. Correlations between presence and severity of WMC, and gait and executive function parameters were tested in yPn, yPD, oPn, and oPD using Spearman's rank correlation, and significance between groups was evaluated with Fisher's z-transformed correlation coefficient. Results: yPn and yPD, as well as oPn and oPD did not differ regarding demographic and clinical parameters. Severity of WMC was not significantly different between groups. yPn and yPD displayed significant correlations of WMC with executive function parameters at low levels of task complexity, oPn at intermediate, and oPD at high complexity levels. Conclusion: This study argues for a relevant association of age and PD-related brain pathology with WMC-related gait and executive function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sartor
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Bettecken
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix P Bernhard
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Lindig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Ciliz
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna Geritz
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of KielKiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of KielKiel, Germany
| | - Marije Benedictus
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus A Hobert
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of KielKiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of KielKiel, Germany
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