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Abstract
A fundamental adaptive mechanism of auditory function is inhibitory gating (IG), which refers to the attenuation of neural responses to repeated sound stimuli. IG is drastically impaired in individuals with emotional and cognitive impairments (i.e. posttraumatic stress disorder). The objective of this study was to test whether chronic stress impairs the IG of the auditory cortex (AC). We used the standard two-tone stimulus paradigm and examined the parametric qualities of IG in the AC of rats by recording the electrophysiological signals of a single-unit and local field potential (LFP) simultaneously. The main results of this study were that most of the AC neurons showed a weaker response to the second tone than to the first tone, reflecting an IG of the repeated input. A fast negative wave of LFP showed consistent IG across the sampled AC sites, whereas a slow positive wave of LFP had less IG effect. IG was diminished following chronic restraint stress at both, the single-unit and LFP level, due to the increase in response to the second tone. This study provided new evidence that chronic stress disrupts the physiological function of the AC. Lay Summary The effects of chronic stress on IG were investigated by recording both, single-unit spike and LFP activities, in the AC of rats. In normal rats, most of the single-unit and N25 LFP activities in the AC showed an IG effect. IG was diminished following chronic restraint stress at both, the single-unit and LFP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Ma
- a Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning Province , P.R. China
| | - Wai Li
- a Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning Province , P.R. China
| | - Sibin Li
- a Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning Province , P.R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- a Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning Province , P.R. China
| | - Ling Qin
- a Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning Province , P.R. China
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Pitts T, Hegland KW, Sapienza CM, Bolser DC, Davenport PW. Alterations in oropharyngeal sensory evoked potentials (PSEP) with Parkinson's disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 229:11-6. [PMID: 27090350 PMCID: PMC4888769 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Movement of a food bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx activates pharyngeal sensory mechanoreceptors. Using electroencephalography, somatosensory cortical-evoked potentials resulting from oropharyngeal mechanical stimulation (PSEP) have been studied in young healthy individuals. However, limited information is known about changes in processing of oropharyngeal afferent signals with Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine if sensory changes occurred with a mechanical stimulus (air-puff) to the oropharynx, two stimuli (S1-first; S2-s) were delivered 500ms apart. Seven healthy older adults (HOA; 3 male and 4 female; 72.2±6.9 years of age), and thirteen persons diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD; 11 male and 2 female; 67.2±8.9 years of age) participated. Results demonstrated PSEP P1, N1, and P2 component peaks were identified in all participants, and the N2 peak was present in 17/20 participants. Additionally, the PD participants had a decreased N2 latency and gated the P1, P2, and N2 responses (S2/S1 under 0.6). Compared to the HOAs, the PD participants had greater evidence of gating the P1 and N2 component peaks. These results suggest that persons with PD experience changes in sensory processing of mechanical stimulation of the pharynx to a greater degree than age-matched controls. In conclusion, the altered processing of sensory feedback from the pharynx may contribute to disordered swallow in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pitts
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Karen Wheeler Hegland
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christine M Sapienza
- Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Donald C Bolser
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paul W Davenport
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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53
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The relevance of attention in schizophrenia P50 paired stimulus studies. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang H, Ya J, Wu Z, Wen C, Zheng S, Tian C, Ren H, Carlson S, Yu H, Chen F, Jianhong W. Dose-Dependent Changes in Auditory Sensory Gating in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Cynomolgus Monkey. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1752-60. [PMID: 27218151 PMCID: PMC4920095 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating, often described as the ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity, is essential for the selection, processing, and storage of more salient information. This study aimed to test the effect of sensory gating under anesthesia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys following injection of bromocriptine, haloperidol, and phencyclidine (PCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an auditory evoked potential that can be elicited by sound to examine sensory gating during treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine, and PCP in the PFC in the cynomolgus monkey. Scalp electrodes were located in the bilateral PFC and bilateral temporal, bilateral parietal, and occipital lobes. Administration of bromocriptine (0.313 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, and 1.25 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.001 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg), and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist PCP (0.3 mg/kg) influenced sensory gating. RESULTS We demonstrated the following: (1) Administration of mid-dose bromocriptine disrupted sensory gating (N100) in the right temporal lobe, while neither low-dose nor high-dose bromocriptine impaired gating. (2) Low-dose haloperidol impaired gating in the right prefrontal cortex. Mid-dose haloperidol disrupted sensory gating in left occipital lobe. High-dose haloperidol had no obvious effect on sensory gating. (3) Gating was impaired by PCP in the left parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that information processing was regulated by the dopaminergic system, which might play an important role in the PFC. The dopaminergic system influenced sensory gating in a dose- and region-dependent pattern, which might modulate the different stages that receive further processing due to novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinrong Ya
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunmei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chaoyang Tian
- , Hainan Jingang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Jianhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Mismatch Negativity and P50 Sensory Gating in Abstinent Former Cannabis Users. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6526437. [PMID: 27019754 PMCID: PMC4785272 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6526437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged heavy exposure to cannabis is associated with impaired cognition and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and altered P50 sensory gating in chronic cannabis users. This study investigated the extent of brain functional recovery (indexed by MMN and P50) in chronic users after cessation of use. Eighteen ex-users (median 13.5 years prior regular use; median 3.5 years abstinence) and 18 nonusers completed (1) a multifeature oddball task with duration, frequency, and intensity deviants and (2) a P50 paired-click paradigm. Trend level smaller duration MMN amplitude and larger P50 ratios (indicative of poorer sensory gating) were observed in ex-users compared to controls. Poorer P50 gating correlated with prior duration of cannabis use. Duration of abstinence was positively correlated with duration MMN amplitude, even after controlling for age and duration of cannabis use. Impaired sensory gating and attenuated MMN amplitude tended to persist in ex-users after prolonged cessation of use, suggesting a lack of full recovery. An association with prolonged duration of prior cannabis use may indicate persistent cannabis-related alterations to P50 sensory gating. Greater reductions in MMN amplitude with increasing abstinence (positive correlation) may be related to either self-medication or an accelerated aging process.
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Rosburg T, Sörös P. The response decrease of auditory evoked potentials by repeated stimulation – Is there evidence for an interplay between habituation and sensitization? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:397-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cognitive mechanisms associated with auditory sensory gating. Brain Cogn 2015; 102:33-45. [PMID: 26716891 PMCID: PMC4727785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sensory gating ratio negatively correlates with fluid intelligence. Sensory gating correlates with continuous performance and latent inhibition tasks. Sensory gating reflects identification and inhibition of irrelevant stimuli. Possible evidence for bottom-up and top-down influences on sensory gating.
Sensory gating is a neurophysiological measure of inhibition that is characterised by a reduction in the P50 event-related potential to a repeated identical stimulus. The objective of this work was to determine the cognitive mechanisms that relate to the neurological phenomenon of auditory sensory gating. Sixty participants underwent a battery of 10 cognitive tasks, including qualitatively different measures of attentional inhibition, working memory, and fluid intelligence. Participants additionally completed a paired-stimulus paradigm as a measure of auditory sensory gating. A correlational analysis revealed that several tasks correlated significantly with sensory gating. However once fluid intelligence and working memory were accounted for, only a measure of latent inhibition and accuracy scores on the continuous performance task showed significant sensitivity to sensory gating. We conclude that sensory gating reflects the identification of goal-irrelevant information at the encoding (input) stage and the subsequent ability to selectively attend to goal-relevant information based on that previous identification.
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58
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Region-specific reduction of auditory sensory gating in older adults. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Schwartze M, Stockert A, Kotz SA. Striatal contributions to sensory timing: Voxel-based lesion mapping of electrophysiological markers. Cortex 2015; 71:332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Telles S, Deepeshwar S, Naveen KV, Pailoor S. Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials during Meditation. Clin EEG Neurosci 2015; 46:299-309. [PMID: 25380593 DOI: 10.1177/1550059414544737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The auditory sensory pathway has been studied in meditators, using midlatency and short latency auditory evoked potentials. The present study evaluated long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) during meditation. Sixty male participants, aged between 18 and 31 years (group mean±SD, 20.5±3.8 years), were assessed in 4 mental states based on descriptions in the traditional texts. They were (a) random thinking, (b) nonmeditative focusing, (c) meditative focusing, and (d) meditation. The order of the sessions was randomly assigned. The LLAEP components studied were P1 (40-60 ms), N1 (75-115 ms), P2 (120-180 ms), and N2 (180-280 ms). For each component, the peak amplitude and peak latency were measured from the prestimulus baseline. There was significant decrease in the peak latency of the P2 component during and after meditation (P<.001; analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment). The P1, P2, and N2 components showed a significant decrease in peak amplitudes during random thinking (P<.01; P<.001; P<.01, respectively) and nonmeditative focused thinking (P<.01; P<.01; P<.05, respectively). The results suggest that meditation facilitates the processing of information in the auditory association cortex, whereas the number of neurons recruited was smaller in random thinking and non-meditative focused thinking, at the level of the secondary auditory cortex, auditory association cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Telles
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Yoga and Neurophysiology, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Singh Deepeshwar
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Yoga and Neurophysiology, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Subramanya Pailoor
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Yoga and Neurophysiology, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, India
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61
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Hertrich I, Kirsten M, Tiemann S, Beck S, Wühle A, Ackermann H, Rolke B. Context-dependent impact of presuppositions on early magnetic brain responses during speech perception. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 149:1-12. [PMID: 26185045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Discourse structure enables us to generate expectations based upon linguistic material that has already been introduced. The present magnetoencephalography (MEG) study addresses auditory perception of test sentences in which discourse coherence was manipulated by using presuppositions (PSP) that either correspond or fail to correspond to items in preceding context sentences with respect to uniqueness and existence. Context violations yielded delayed auditory M50 and enhanced auditory M200 cross-correlation responses to syllable onsets within an analysis window of 1.5s following the PSP trigger words. Furthermore, discourse incoherence yielded suppression of spectral power within an expanded alpha band ranging from 6 to 16Hz. This effect showed a bimodal temporal distribution, being significant in an early time window of 0.0-0.5s following the PSP trigger and a late interval of 2.0-2.5s. These findings indicate anticipatory top-down mechanisms interacting with various aspects of bottom-up processing during speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hertrich
- Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mareike Kirsten
- Evolutionary Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Tiemann
- Descriptive and Theoretical Linguistics, Department of English, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Beck
- Descriptive and Theoretical Linguistics, Department of English, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Wühle
- Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Ackermann
- Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Rolke
- Evolutionary Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Truelove-Hill M, Yadon CA. Auditory sensory gating and performance on the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2015.1053486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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63
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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64
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Ku Y, Ahn JW, Kwon C, Suh MW, Lee JH, Oh SH, Kim HC. Gap prepulse inhibition of the auditory late response in healthy subjects. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1511-9. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Joong Woo Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chiheon Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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65
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Green DL, Payne L, Polikar R, Moberg PJ, Wolk DA, Kounios J. P50: A candidate ERP biomarker of prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2015; 1624:390-397. [PMID: 26256251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reductions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta (Aβ42) and elevated phosphorylated-tau (p-Tau) reflect in vivo Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and show utility in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. We investigated the P50 event-related potential component as a noninvasive biomarker of AD pathology in non-demented elderly. METHODS 36 MCI patients were stratified into amyloid positive (MCI-AD, n=17) and negative (MCI-Other, n=19) groups using CSF levels of Aβ42. All amyloid positive patients were also p-Tau positive. P50s were elicited with an auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS MCI-AD patients yielded larger P50s than MCI-Other. The best amyloid-status predictor model showed 94.7% sensitivity, 94.1% specificity and 94.4% total accuracy. DISCUSSION P50 predicted amyloid status in MCI patients, thereby showing a relationship with AD pathology versus MCI from another etiology. The P50 may have clinical utility for inexpensive pre-screening and assessment of Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Green
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lisa Payne
- Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 145 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Robi Polikar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 10(th) floor, Gates Building, 3401 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Ralston House, 3615 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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66
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Terada H, Kurayama T, Nakazawa K, Matsuzawa D, Shimizu E. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) onthe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alters P50 gating. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Tregellas JR. Translational utility of rodent hippocampal auditory gating in schizophrenia research: a review and evaluation. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e587. [PMID: 26101850 PMCID: PMC4490287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gating of the auditory evoked P50 potential is one of the most pharmacologically well-characterized features of schizophrenia. This deficit is most commonly modeled in rodents by implanted electrode recordings from the hippocampus of the rodent analog of the P50, the P20-N40. The validity and effectiveness of this tool, however, has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of pharmacologic modulation on gating of the rodent hippocampal P20-N40 and the human P50. We show that drug effects on the P20-N40 are highly predictive of human effects across similar dose ranges. Furthermore, mental status (for example, anesthetized vs alert) does not appear to diminish the predictive capacity of these recordings. We then discuss hypothesized neuropharmacologic mechanisms that may underlie gating effects for each drug studied. Overall, this review supports continued use of hippocampal P20-N40 gating as a translational tool for schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Dalecki A, Johnstone SJ, Croft RJ. Clarifying the functional process represented by P50 suppression. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:149-54. [PMID: 25913093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
P50 suppression refers to the amplitude-reduction of the P50 event related potential to the second (S2) relative to the first (S1) of identical auditory stimuli presented 500ms apart. Theory suggests that refractory periods (RPs) and/or inhibitory inputs (II) underlie P50 suppression. The present study manipulated interval between stimulus pairs (IPI: 2, 8s) and direction of participants' attention (Attention, Non-Attention) in order to determine which theory best explains P50 suppression. The rationale is that: 1/ RP and II predict opposite effects of manipulating the functionality of the mechanism responsible for S2P50 suppression (e.g. reducing function would increase S2P50 according to the II and decrease S2P50 according to the RP hypothesis); 2/ IPI2 (relative to IPI8) will reduce functionality of the mechanism responsible for S2P50 suppression, as it results in less recovery of (and a greater challenge to) that mechanism - RP would thus predict reduced S2P50, whereas II would predict enhanced S2P50 amplitude; and 3/ where the mechanism responsible for S2P50 suppression is challenged (i.e. at IPI2, due to insufficient recovery), Attention (relative to Non-Attention) will enhance functionality of this mechanism - RP would thus predict increased S2P50, whereas II would predict reduced S2P50 amplitude. In the Non-Attention paradigm, reducing IPI from 8 to 2s tended to increase S2P50 amplitude (and consequently impaired P50 suppression), and in the 2s IPI paradigm, directing attention towards the stimuli reduced S2P50 amplitude (and improved P50 suppression), with both effects supporting the II hypothesis only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dalecki
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Rodney J Croft
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.
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69
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Featherstone RE, McMullen MF, Ward KR, Bang J, Xiao J, Siegel SJ. EEG biomarkers of target engagement, therapeutic effect, and disease process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:12-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mary F. McMullen
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn R. Ward
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Xiao
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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70
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Gulberti A, Hamel W, Buhmann C, Boelmans K, Zittel S, Gerloff C, Westphal M, Engel A, Schneider T, Moll C. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation improves auditory sensory gating deficit in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:565-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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71
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Recasens M, Leung S, Grimm S, Nowak R, Escera C. Repetition suppression and repetition enhancement underlie auditory memory-trace formation in the human brain: an MEG study. Neuroimage 2015; 108:75-86. [PMID: 25528656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Auditory stimulation elicits a complex series of electric signals in the ear and nervous system which can be used for hearing assessment, audiologic and neurologic diagnosis, intraoperative monitoring, and neurophysiologic research. The earliest components comprise the electrocochleogram. The cochlear microphonic arises from receptor potentials from cochlear hair cells, and is used to assess hair cell function in patients with auditory neuropathy. The summating potential becomes larger in Ménière's disease. The eighth-nerve compound action potential is useful for objective audiometry. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, a series of components generated in the eighth nerve and the brainstem auditory pathways, can be used for diagnostic assessment and intraoperative monitoring of the ears and of the auditory pathways up through the mesencephalon. They are relatively easy to record, highly consistent in normal subjects, and little unaffected by surgical anesthesia. Middle-latency and long-latency auditory evoked potentials are generated in multiple areas of cerebral cortex that are activated by auditory stimulation. Anesthetic effects limit their utility for intraoperative monitoring, and substantial intersubject variability limits their utility as a diagnostic test in individual patients, but they are important research tools for the study of memory processes and the way in which the brain analyzes auditory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Legatt
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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73
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Soshi T, Noda T, Ando K, Nakazawa K, Tsumura H, Okada T. Impulsivity is Associated with Early Sensory Inhibition in Neurophysiological Processing of Affective Sounds. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:141. [PMID: 26500563 PMCID: PMC4595773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is widely related to socially problematic behaviors and psychiatric illness. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between response inhibition and impulsivity. However, no study has intensively examined how impulsivity correlates with automatic sensory processing before the drive for response inhibition to sensory inputs. Sensory gating (SG) is an automatic inhibitory function that attenuates the neural response to redundant sensory information and protects higher cognitive functions from the burst of information processing. Although SG functions abnormally in several clinical populations, there is very little evidence supporting SG changes in conjunction with impulsivity traits in non-clinical populations. The present study recruited healthy adults (n = 23) to conduct a neurophysiological experiment using a paired-click paradigm and self-report scales assessing impulsive behavioral traits. Auditory stimuli included not only a pure tone but also white noise to explore the differences in auditory-evoked potential (AEP) responses between the two stimuli. White noise is more affective than pure tones; therefore, we predicted that the SG of AEPs (P50, N100, and P200) for white noise would correlate more with self-reported impulsivity than with those for pure tones. Our main findings showed that SG of the P50 and P200 amplitudes significantly correlated with self-reported reward responsiveness and fun-seeking, respectively, only for white noise stimuli, demonstrating that higher-scoring impulsivity subcomponents were related to greater SG. Frequency-domain analyses also revealed that greater desynchronization of the beta band for the second white noise stimulus was associated with higher motor impulsivity scores, suggesting that an impulsivity-related change of SG was associated with attentional modulation. These findings indicate that the measurement of SG of white noise may be an efficient tool to evaluate impulsivity in non-clinical populations, and should also be applied to clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soshi
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
| | - Kumiko Ando
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
| | - Kanako Nakazawa
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan ; Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
| | - Hideki Tsumura
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
| | - Takayuki Okada
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan
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Knott V, Smith D, de la Salle S, Impey D, Choueiry J, Beaudry E, Smith M, Saghir S, Ilivitsky V, Labelle A. CDP-choline: effects of the procholine supplement on sensory gating and executive function in healthy volunteers stratified for low, medium and high P50 suppression. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1095-108. [PMID: 25315828 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114553254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diminished auditory sensory gating and associated neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to altered expression and function of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetycholinergic receptor (α7 nAChR), the targeting of which may have treatment potential. Choline is a selective α7 nAChR agonist and the aim of this study was to determine whether cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), or citicoline, a dietary source of choline, increases sensory gating and cognition in healthy volunteers stratified for gating level. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design involving acute administration of low, moderate doses (500 mg, 1000 mg) of CDP-choline, 24 healthy volunteers were assessed for auditory gating as indexed by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) in a paired-stimulus (S1, S2) paradigm, and for executive function as measured by the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT) of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery. CDP-choline improved gating (1000 mg) and suppression of the S2 P50 response (500 mg, 1000 mg), with the effects being selective for individuals with low gating (suppression) levels. Tentative support was also shown for increased GMLT performance (500 mg) in low suppressors. These preliminary findings with CDP-choline in a healthy, schizophrenia-like surrogate sample are consistent with a α7 nAChR mechanism and support further trials with choline as a pro-cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Impey
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Beaudry
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salman Saghir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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75
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Coppola G, Di Renzo A, Tinelli E, Iacovelli E, Lepre C, Di Lorenzo C, Di Lorenzo G, Di Lenola D, Parisi V, Serrao M, Pauri F, Fiermonte G, Bianco F, Pierelli F. Evidence for brain morphometric changes during the migraine cycle: a magnetic resonance-based morphometry study. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:783-91. [PMID: 25414472 DOI: 10.1177/0333102414559732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurophysiological investigations have demonstrated that there are unique fluctuations in the migraine brain functional activity between the ictal and interictal periods. Here we investigated the possibility that there are fluctuations over time also in whole brain morphometry of patients affected by episodic migraine without aura (MO).Twenty-four patients with untreated MO underwent 3T MRI scans during (n = 10) or between attacks (n = 14) and were compared to a group of 15 healthy volunteers (HVs). We then performed voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) analysis of structural T1-weighted MRI scans to determine if changes in brain structure were observed over the course of the migraine cycle.Interictally, MO patients had a significantly lower gray matter (GM) density within the right inferior parietal lobule, right temporal inferior gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left temporal pole than did HVs. Ictally, GM density increased within the left temporal pole, bilateral insula, and right lenticular nuclei, but no areas exhibited decreased GM density.These morphometric GM changes between ictal and interictal phases suggest that abnormal structural plasticity may be an important mechanism of migraine pathology. Given the functional neuroanatomy of these areas, our findings suggest that migraine is a condition associated with global dysfunction of multisensory integration and memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Coppola
- G.B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Renzo
- G.B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, Italy
| | - Emanuele Tinelli
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section, Italy
| | - Elisa Iacovelli
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Italy
| | - Chiara Lepre
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, Italy
| | - Davide Di Lenola
- "Sapienza" University of Rome Polo Pontino, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parisi
- G.B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- "Sapienza" University of Rome Polo Pontino, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Italy
| | - Flavia Pauri
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fiermonte
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Italy
| | - Federico Bianco
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Italy
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MacGregor LJ, Difrancesco S, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y, Mohr B. Ultra-rapid access to words in chronic aphasia: the effects of intensive language action therapy (ILAT). Brain Topogr 2014; 28:279-91. [PMID: 25403745 PMCID: PMC4330459 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Effects of intensive language action therapy (ILAT) on automatic language processing were assessed using Magnetoencephalography (MEG). Auditory magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) responses to words and pseudowords were recorded in twelve patients with chronic aphasia before and immediately after two weeks of ILAT. Following therapy, Patients showed significant clinical improvements of auditory comprehension as measured by the Token Test and in word retrieval and naming as measured by the Boston Naming Test. Neuromagnetic responses dissociated between meaningful words and meaningless word-like stimuli ultra-rapidly, approximately 50 ms after acoustic information first allowed for stimulus identification. Over treatment, there was a significant increase in the left-lateralisation of this early word-elicited activation, observed in perilesional fronto-temporal regions. No comparable change was seen for pseudowords. The results may reflect successful, therapy-induced, language restitution in the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J MacGregor
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK,
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77
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Tanaka S, Maezawa Y, Kirino E. Classification of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using p100 event-related potentials for visual processing. Neuropsychobiology 2014; 68:71-8. [PMID: 23881066 DOI: 10.1159/000350962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of event-related potentials (ERPs) is capable of elucidating the abnormalities in brain network dynamics relevant to the information-processing deficits in schizophrenia patients. In contrast to P50 and P300 ERPs, however, the results of P100 ERP studies in schizophrenia patients are less consistent. We have previously reported that P100 amplitudes did not differ significantly between patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. This result raised a question as to whether P100 ERPs carry information on brain network dynamics in schizophrenia patients that is distinct from normal controls. To answer this question, in this study we performed discrimination analysis on the P100 data. The rate of correct classification of patients and controls was high (80-90% depending on stimulus categories), indicating that patients have spatial patterns of P100 amplitudes that are distinguishable from those in healthy subjects. To further explore this possibility, we performed principal component analysis on the P100 data. For the patients, the first principal component represented global activity, the second component represented the reciprocal anterior-posterior activation, and the third component represented the hemispheric reciprocity in activity. The first and second components were similar to those of the control group; however, the third component in control subjects showed activation of the center versus anterior and posterior regions. This result is consistent with the notion of abnormalities in hemispheric asymmetries during the processing of sensory information in schizophrenia. In conclusion, this ERP study demonstrated that P100 amplitudes have information that can successfully classify patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tanaka
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. tanaka-s @ sophia.ac.jp
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78
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Nathou C, Etard O, Simon G, Dollfus S. How do high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations modulate the temporal cortex. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:192-8. [PMID: 25223883 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cortical excitability of nonmotor cortices; current treatments often target the temporal or prefrontal cortex. We used auditory evoked potentials recorded in 24 healthy subjects to evaluate the neuromodulatory effects of low- and high-frequency rTMS in the temporal lobe. Both auditory evoked potential P50 amplitude, a marker of cortical excitability, and P50 ratio, a marker of sensory gating known to be impaired in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations, were compared before and after rTMS. We observed a similar effect after both stimulation frequencies, with a decrease in P50 amplitude and no significant effect on P50 ratio. Low- and high-frequency rTMS applied to the temporal lobe seemed to exert the same cortical neuromodulation effect, while auditory sensory gating may not be modulated by temporal rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Nathou
- CHU de Caen, Service de psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen, France; UCBN, UFR de Médecine, Caen, France; CNRS, UMR 6301, ISTCT, ISTS Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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79
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Quednow BB, Brzózka MM, Rossner MJ. Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2815-35. [PMID: 24413739 PMCID: PMC11113759 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a genetically complex disease considered to have a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis and defined by a broad spectrum of positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits. Recently, large genome-wide association studies have identified common alleles slightly increasing the risk for schizophrenia. Among the few schizophrenia-risk genes that have been consistently replicated is the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor 4 (TCF4). Haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 (formatting follows IUPAC nomenclature: TCF4 protein/protein function, Tcf4 rodent gene cDNA mRNA, TCF4 human gene cDNA mRNA) gene causes the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome-a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by severe mental retardation. Accordingly, Tcf4 null-mutant mice display developmental brain defects. TCF4-associated risk alleles are located in putative coding and non-coding regions of the gene. Hence, subtle changes at the level of gene expression might be relevant for the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Behavioural phenotypes obtained with a mouse model of slightly increased gene dosage and electrophysiological investigations with human risk-allele carriers revealed an overlapping spectrum of schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes. Most prominently, early information processing and higher cognitive functions appear to be associated with TCF4 risk genotypes. Moreover, a recent human study unravelled gene × environment interactions between TCF4 risk alleles and smoking behaviour that were specifically associated with disrupted early information processing. Taken together, TCF4 is considered as an integrator ('hub') of several bHLH networks controlling critical steps of various developmental, and, possibly, plasticity-related transcriptional programs in the CNS and changes of TCF4 expression also appear to affect brain networks important for information processing. Consequently, these findings support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and provide a basis for identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B. Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena M. Brzózka
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Goettingen, 37075 Germany
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80
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Josef Golubic S, Aine CJ, Stephen JM, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Supek S. Modulatory role of the prefrontal generator within the auditory M50 network. Neuroimage 2014; 92:120-31. [PMID: 24531051 PMCID: PMC4059503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude variability of the M50 component of neuromagnetic responses is commonly used to explore the brain's ability to modulate its response to incoming repetitive or novel auditory stimuli, a process conceptualized as a gating mechanism. The goal of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cortical sources underlying the M50 network evoked by tones in a passive oddball paradigm. Twenty elderly subjects [10 patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and 10 age-matched controls] were examined using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings and the multi-dipole Calibrated Start Spatio-Temporal (CSST) source localization method. We identified three cortical regions underlying the M50 network: prefrontal cortex (PF) in addition to bilateral activation of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). The cortical dynamics of the PF source within the 30-100 ms post-stimulus interval was characterized and was found to be comprised of two subcomponents, Mb1c and Mb2c. The PF source was localized for 10/10 healthy subjects, whereas 9/10 MCI/AD patients were lacking the PF source for both tone conditions. The selective activation of the PF source in healthy controls along with the inactivation of the PF region for MCI/AD patients, enabled us to examine the dynamics of this network of activity when it was functional and dysfunctional, respectively. We found significantly enhanced activity of the STG sources in response to both tone conditions for all subjects who lacked a PF source. The reported results provide novel insights into the topology and neurodynamics of the M50 auditory network, which suggest an inhibitory role of the PF source that normally suppresses activity of the STG sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl J Aine
- Department of Radiology, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - John C Adair
- Department of Neurology, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Janice E Knoefel
- Department of Internal Medicine, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Selma Supek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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81
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Joos K, Gilles A, Van de Heyning P, De Ridder D, Vanneste S. From sensation to percept: The neural signature of auditory event-related potentials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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82
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Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 155:39-44. [PMID: 24703528 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia may arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations. METHODS Cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed topographically (scalp potential and scalp current density (SCD) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS From the SCD distribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that AVH and negative symptoms are associated with abnormal early processing of speech. Whereas AVH are related to decreased early frontal activation, negative symptoms are associated with a reduced early temporal response.
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83
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De Ridder D, Vanneste S. Targeting the parahippocampal area by auditory cortex stimulation in tinnitus. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:709-17. [PMID: 25129400 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The final common pathway in tinnitus generation is considered to be synchronized auditory oscillatory hyperactivity. Intracranial auditory cortex stimulation (iACS) via implanted electrodes has been developed to treat severe cases of intractable tinnitus targeting this final common pathway, in the hope of being a panacea for tinnitus. However, not everybody responds to this treatment. OBJECTIVE The electrical brain activity and functional connectivity at rest might determine who is going to respond or not to iACS and might shed light on the pathophysiology of auditory phantom sound generation. METHOD The resting state electrical brain activity of 5 patients who responded and 5 patients who did not respond to auditory cortex implantation are compared using source localized spectral activity (Z-score of log transformed current density) and lagged phase synchronization. RESULTS sLORETA source localization reveals significant differences between responders vs non-responders for beta3 in left posterior parahippocampal, hippocampal and amygdala area extending into left insula. Gamma band differences exist in the posterior parahippocampal areas and BA10. Functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the hippocampal area is increased for beta2, delta and theta2 in responders, as well as between the parahippocampal area and auditory cortex for beta3. CONCLUSION The resting state functional connectivity and activity between the auditory cortex and parahippocampus might determine whether a tinnitus patient will respond to a cortical implant. The auditory cortex may only be a functional entrance into a larger parahippocampal based tinnitus network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Ridder
- Brai²n, Sint Augustinus Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School for Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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84
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Jia Y, Wang W, Xie Y, Guan Y, Zhong S, Zhu D, Huang L. Auditory M50 and M100 sensory gating deficits in bipolar disorder: a MEG study. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:131-8. [PMID: 24021957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory sensory gating deficits have been reported in subjects with bipolar disorder, but the hemispheric and neuronal origins of this deficit are not well understood. Moreover, gating of the auditory evoked components reflecting early attentive stage of information processing has not been investigated in bipolar disorder. The objectives of this study were to investigate the right and left hemispheric auditory sensory gating of the M50 (preattentive processing) and M100 (early attentive processing) in patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder by utilizing magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Whole-head MEG data were acquired during the standard paired-click paradigm in 20 bipolar I disorder patients and 20 healthy controls. The M50 and the M100 responses were investigated, and dipole source localizations were also investigated. Sensory gating were determined by measuring the strength of the M50 and the M100 response to the second click divided by that of the first click (S2/S1). RESULTS In every subject, M50 and M100 dipolar sources localized to the left and right posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus (STG). Bipolar I disorder patients showed bilateral gating deficits in M50 and M100. The bilateral M50 S2 source strengths were significantly higher in the bipolar I disorder group compared to the control group. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. More studies with larger sample sizes are warranted. Bipolar subjects were taking a wide range of medications that could not be readily controlled for. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bipolar I disorder patients have auditory gating deficits at both pre-attentive and early attentive levels, which might be related to STG structural abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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85
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Boutros NN, Mucci A, Vignapiano A, Galderisi S. Electrophysiological aberrations associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:129-156. [PMID: 24671702 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical heterogeneity is a confound common to all of schizophrenia research. Deficit schizophrenia has been proposed as a homogeneous disease entity within the schizophrenia syndrome. The use of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) has allowed the definition of a subgroup dominated by persistent and primary negative symptoms. While a number of studies have appeared over the years examining the electrophysiological correlates of the cluster of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, only a few studies have actually focused on the Deficit Syndrome (DS). In this chapter, electrophysiological investigations utilizing EEG, Evoked Potentials (EPs), polysomnography (PSG), or magnetoencephalography (MEG) to probe "negative symptoms," or "Deficit Syndrome" are reviewed. While this line of research is evidently in its infancy, two significant trends emerge. First, spectral EEG studies link increased slow wave activity during wakefulness to the prevalence of negative symptoms. Second, sleep studies point to an association between decrease in slow wave sleep and prevalence of negative symptoms. Several studies also indicate a relationship of negative symptoms with reduced alpha activity. A host of other abnormalities including sensory gating and P300 attenuation are less consistently reported. Three studies specifically addressed electrophysiology of the DS. Two of the three studies provided evidence suggesting that the DS may be a separate disease entity and not simply a severe form of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash N Boutros
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), 1000 East 24th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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86
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Vlcek P, Bob P, Raboch J. Sensory disturbances, inhibitory deficits, and the P50 wave in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1309-15. [PMID: 25075189 PMCID: PMC4106969 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s64219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating disturbances in schizophrenia are often described as an inability to filter redundant sensory stimuli that typically manifest as inability to gate neuronal responses related to the P50 wave, characterizing a decreased ability of the brain to inhibit various responses to insignificant stimuli. It implicates various deficits of perceptual and attentional functions, and this inability to inhibit, or "gate", irrelevant sensory inputs leads to sensory and information overload that also may result in neuronal hyperexcitability related to disturbances of habituation mechanisms. These findings seem to be particularly important in the context of modern electrophysiological and neuroimaging data suggesting that the filtering deficits in schizophrenia are likely related to deficits in the integrity of connections between various brain areas. As a consequence, this brain disintegration produces disconnection of information, disrupted binding, and disintegration of consciousness that in terms of modern neuroscience could connect original Bleuler's concept of "split mind" with research of neural information integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Vlcek
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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87
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Bak N, Rostrup E, Larsson HBW, Glenthøj BY, Oranje B. Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography assessment of sensory gating in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:3578-87. [PMID: 24375687 PMCID: PMC4216416 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently accompanied by deficits in basic information processing, such as sensory gating. The sources behind deficient sensory gating in schizophrenia patients are, however, still largely unclear. The aim of the current study was to identify the brain structures involved in deficient sensory gating in schizophrenia patients. Twenty healthy male volunteers and 23 male schizophrenia patients were initially assessed in a somatosensory P50 suppression paradigm using concurrent electroencephalography (EEG)/functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methodology. The trials consisted of single stimuli or pairs of identical stimuli with either 500 ms or 1,000 ms interstimulus intervals. Not all subjects showed a P50 waveform as a result of the somatosensory stimuli: It was detected in 13 schizophrenia patients and 15 control subjects. Significant P50 suppression was found in the 500 ms trials in controls only. Region of interest analyses were performed for a priori chosen regions. Significant negative correlations between P50 ratios and the BOLD response were found bilaterally in the hippocampus, thalamus, anterior and posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), and in the left inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis. However, significant group differences were found in the hippocampus and the thalamus only. This is the first study in which P50 suppression was assessed in schizophrenia patients with concurrent fMRI/EEG methodology. The data support that the STG, thalamus, inferior frontal gyrus, and the hippocampus are involved in P50 suppression. However, of these structures only the hippocampus and thalamus appeared involved in the altered sensory processing found in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3578–3587, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bak
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Denmark
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88
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Pre-attentive information processing and impulsivity in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1917-24. [PMID: 24054520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early responses to stimuli can be measured by sensory evoked potentials (EP) using repeated identical stimuli, S1 and S2. Response to S1 may represent efficient stimulus detection, while suppression of response to S2 may represent inhibition. Early responses to stimuli may be related to impulsivity. We compared EP reflecting stimulus detection and inhibition in bipolar disorder and healthy controls, and investigated relationships to impulsivity. Subjects were 48 healthy controls without family histories of mood disorder and 48 with bipolar disorder. EP were measured as latencies and amplitudes for auditory P50 (pre-attentional), N100 (initial direction of attention) and P200 (initial conscious awareness), using a paired-click paradigm, with identical stimuli 0.5 s apart. Impulsivity was measured by questionnaire and by laboratory tests for inability to suppress responses to stimuli or to delay response for a reward. Analyses used general linear models. S1 amplitudes for P50, N100, and P200, and gating of N100 and P200, were lower in bipolar disorder than in controls. P50 S1 amplitude correlated with accurate laboratory-task responding, and S2 amplitude correlated with impulsive task performance and fast reaction times, in bipolar disorder. N100 and P200 EP did not correlate with impulsivity. These findings were independent of symptoms, treatment, or substance-use history. EPs were not related to questionnaire-measured or reward-based impulsivity. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by reduced pre-attentional and early attentional stimulus registration relative to controls. Within bipolar disorder, rapid-response impulsivity correlates with impaired pre-attentional response suppression. These results imply specific relationships between ERP-measured response inhibition and rapid-response impulsivity.
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89
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Knott V, de la Salle S, Smith D, Phillipe T, Dort H, Choueiry J, Impey D. Baseline dependency of nicotine's sensory gating actions: similarities and differences in low, medium and high P50 suppressors. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:790-800. [PMID: 23744798 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113490449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced suppression of the P50 auditory event-related potential in schizophrenia patients relative to normal controls is indicative of a sensory gating deficit and is one of the most robust findings reported for functional brain abnormalities in this disorder. However, there is considerable gating variability in patients and controls and there is little understanding as to how inter-individual differences moderate gating responses to drugs and nicotinic agonists in particular, which have shown potential to reverse gating deficits. In this study the effects of acutely administered nicotine (gum, 6 mg) on sensory gating in a paired (S₁-S₂) auditory stimulus paradigm were investigated in 57 healthy, non-smoking volunteers stratified as low (n = 19), medium (n = 19) and high (n = 19) P50 suppressors on the basis of three separate baseline derived gating indices, P50 ratios, P50 difference scores, and gating difference waveforms. Relative to placebo, nicotine consistently improved gating in low suppressors as stratified with all three gating indices, exerted no effects in medium suppressors and reduced gating in high suppressors. Analysis of individual stimulus (S₂, S₂) amplitudes showed distinctly different mechanisms of action underlying nicotine effects in individuals with low and high baseline suppression. The results parallel similar findings of baseline-dependency in the gating effects of several antipsychotic drugs in healthy volunteers and support the use of group segmentation as a translational model in novel cognitive drug development for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
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90
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Broyd SJ, Greenwood LM, Croft RJ, Dalecki A, Todd J, Michie PT, Johnstone SJ, Solowij N. Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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91
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Almis BH, Cumurcu BE, Unal S, Ozcan AC, Aytas O. The neuropsychological and neurophysiological profile of women with pseudoseizure. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:649-57. [PMID: 23462415 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study was to compare the assessments of neuropsychological tests and the p50 neurophysiological test of patients with seizure diagnosed as conversion disorder and healthy control subjects, and to investigate the neurological status in conversion disorder with pseudoseizure. METHODS A total of 22 female conversion disorder patients with convulsions diagnosed according to SCID-I/CV and 22 healthy women were included in the assessment. The participants were administered WMS-R, the cancellation test, and the Stroop test as neuropsychological tests and p50 was assessed as a neurophysiological test. RESULTS The patient's results for the neuropsychological tests were found to be significantly low compared to the control group. The p50 sensory gating ratios of the patient group were statistically significantly lower than the controls. There was no significant correlation between the neuropsychological test scores and gating ratios of the patient and control groups. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to check sensory gating in conversion disorder patients with pseudoseizure and its most important result is finding reduced p50 sensory gating in patients. Our results suggest that these patients have a neurological tendency to this disease due to functional neurophysiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behice Han Almis
- Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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92
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Abnormal pre-attentive arousal in young children with autism spectrum disorder contributes to their atypical auditory behavior: an ERP study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69100. [PMID: 23935931 PMCID: PMC3723785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory sensory modulation difficulties and problems with automatic re-orienting to sound are well documented in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Abnormal preattentive arousal processes may contribute to these deficits. In this study, we investigated components of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) reflecting preattentive arousal in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children aged 3-8 years. Pairs of clicks (‘S1’ and ‘S2’) separated by a 1 sec S1-S2 interstimulus interval (ISI) and much longer (8-10 sec) S1-S1 ISIs were presented monaurally to either the left or right ear. In TD children, the P50, P100 and N1c CAEP components were strongly influenced by temporal novelty of clicks and were much greater in response to the S1 than the S2 click. Irrespective of the stimulation side, the ‘tangential’ P100 component was rightward lateralized in TD children, whereas the ‘radial’ N1c component had higher amplitude contralaterally to the stimulated ear. Compared to the TD children, children with ASD demonstrated 1) reduced amplitude of the P100 component under the condition of temporal novelty (S1) and 2) an attenuated P100 repetition suppression effect. The abnormalities were lateralized and depended on the presentation side. They were evident in the case of the left but not the right ear stimulation. The P100 abnormalities in ASD correlated with the degree of developmental delay and with the severity of auditory sensory modulation difficulties observed in early life. The results suggest that some rightward-lateralized brain networks that are crucially important for arousal and attention re-orienting are compromised in children with ASD and that this deficit contributes to sensory modulation difficulties and possibly even other behavioral deficits in ASD.
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93
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Ji B, Mei W, Zhang JX, Jing J, Wu Q, Zhuo Y, Xiao Z. Abnormal auditory sensory gating-out in first-episode and never-medicated paranoid schizophrenia patients: an fMRI study. Exp Brain Res 2013; 229:139-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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94
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Smith DM, Grant B, Fisher DJ, Borracci G, Labelle A, Knott VJ. Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia correlate with P50 gating. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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95
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Chen YH, Edgar JC, Huang M, Hunter MA, Epstein E, Howell B, Lu BY, Bustillo J, Miller GA, Cañive JM. Frontal and superior temporal auditory processing abnormalities in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 2:695-702. [PMID: 24179821 PMCID: PMC3777790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies show superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory processing abnormalities in schizophrenia at 50 and 100 ms, EEG and corticography studies suggest involvement of additional brain areas (e.g., frontal areas) during this interval. Study goals were to identify 30 to 130 ms auditory encoding processes in schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) and group differences throughout the cortex. METHODS The standard paired-click task was administered to 19 SZ and 21 HC subjects during MEG recording. Vector-based Spatial-temporal Analysis using L1-minimum-norm (VESTAL) provided 4D maps of activity from 30 to 130 ms. Within-group t-tests compared post-stimulus 50 ms and 100 ms activity to baseline. Between-group t-tests examined 50 and 100 ms group differences. RESULTS Bilateral 50 and 100 ms STG activity was observed in both groups. HC had stronger bilateral 50 and 100 ms STG activity than SZ. In addition to the STG group difference, non-STG activity was also observed in both groups. For example, whereas HC had stronger left and right inferior frontal gyrus activity than SZ, SZ had stronger right superior frontal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus activity than HC. CONCLUSIONS Less STG activity was observed in SZ than HC, indicating encoding problems in SZ. Yet auditory encoding abnormalities are not specific to STG, as group differences were observed in frontal and SMG areas. Thus, present findings indicate that individuals with SZ show abnormalities in multiple nodes of a concurrently activated auditory network.
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Key Words
- Auditory
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- EEG, electroencephalography
- EOG, electro-oculogram
- ERF, event-related field
- ERP, event-related potential
- FDR, false discovery rates
- Frontal cortex
- HC, healthy controls
- IFG, inferior frontal gyrus
- ITG, inferior temporal gyrus
- MEG
- MEG, magnetoencephalography
- PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- S1, first click
- S2, second click
- SES, socioeconomic status
- SFG, superior frontal gyrus
- SMA, supplementary motor area
- SMG, supramarginal gyrus
- SSS, Signal Space Separation
- STG, superior temporal gyrus
- Schizophrenia
- Superior temporal gyrus
- VESTAL, Vector-based Spatio-temporal Analysis using L1-minimum norm
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- sMRI, structural magnetic resonance imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Corresponding author at: The University of New Mexico, Center for Psychiatric Research, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, 2nd Floor, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. Tel.: + 1 5052722670.
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Hunter
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Emerson Epstein
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Breannan Howell
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Brett Y. Lu
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Psychiatry, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - José M. Cañive
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Sleep extension normalizes ERP of waking auditory sensory gating in healthy habitually short sleeping individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59007. [PMID: 23520548 PMCID: PMC3592823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss has been associated with increased daytime sleepiness, as well as impairments in memory and attentional processes. In the present study, we evaluated the neuronal changes of a pre-attentive process of wake auditory sensory gating, measured by brain event-related potential (ERP) – P50 in eight normal sleepers (NS) (habitual total sleep time (TST) 7 h 32 m) vs. eight chronic short sleeping individuals (SS) (habitual TST ≤6 h). To evaluate the effect of sleep extension on sensory gating, the extended sleep condition was performed in chronic short sleeping individuals. Thus, one week of time in bed (6 h 11 m) corresponding to habitual short sleep (hSS), and one week of extended time (∼ 8 h 25 m) in bed corresponding to extended sleep (eSS), were counterbalanced in the SS group. The gating ERP assessment was performed on the last day after each sleep condition week (normal sleep and habitual short and extended sleep), and was separated by one week with habitual total sleep time and monitored by a sleep diary. We found that amplitude of gating was lower in SS group compared to that in NS group (0.3 µV vs. 1.2 µV, at Cz electrode respectively). The results of the group × laterality interaction showed that the reduction of gating amplitude in the SS group was due to lower amplitude over the left hemisphere and central-midline sites relative to that in the NS group. After sleep extension the amplitude of gating increased in chronic short sleeping individuals relative to their habitual short sleep condition. The sleep condition × frontality interaction analysis confirmed that sleep extension significantly increased the amplitude of gating over frontal and central brain areas compared to parietal brain areas.
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97
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Oranje B, Aggernaes B, Rasmussen H, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY. P50 suppression and its neural generators in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia before and after 6 months of quetiapine treatment. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:472-80. [PMID: 22241164 PMCID: PMC3576176 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia. However, only a few longitudinal studies report on the effects of antipsychotic treatment on sensory gating deficits and their results are inconsistent. In the present study, P50 suppression and its neural generators were investigated in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia before and after 6 months of treatment with quetiapine. METHODS Thirty-four antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients and age and gender matched healthy controls were tested in an auditory sensory gating paradigm at baseline and after 6 months. During this period, the patients were treated with quetiapine, while controls received no treatment. Sixteen patients completed the study. RESULTS Patients showed significant reduced P50 suppression compared with controls at baseline but not at follow-up. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between baseline P50 suppression and dose of quetiapine at follow-up was found. P50 suppression in patients receiving above median dosages of quetiapine increased significantly from baseline to follow-up. At baseline, a frontocentral source was significantly more active in patients than in controls at the time of the testing stimulus. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that P50 suppression deficits are already present at an early stage of schizophrenia. Furthermore, particularly those patients with more severe gating deficits appeared to need higher dosages of quetiapine, although their clinical symptoms did not seem to indicate this. Quetiapine treatment significantly improved these gating deficits. Furthermore, a frontocentral source in the brain appeared to be involved in the deficient P50 gating of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 29-67, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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98
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Hertrich I, Ackermann H. Neurophonetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2013; 4:191-200. [PMID: 26304195 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurophonetics aims at the elucidation of the brain mechanisms underlying speech communication in our species. Clinical observations in patients with speech impairments following cerebral disorders provided the initial vantage point of this research area and indicated distinct functional-neuroanatomic systems to support human speaking and listening. Subsequent approaches-considering speech production a motor skill-investigated vocal tract movements associated with spoken language by means of kinematic and electromyographic techniques-allowing, among other things, for the evaluation of computational models suggesting elementary phonological gestures or a mental syllabary as basic units of speech motor control. As concerns speech perception, the working characteristics of auditory processing were first investigated based upon psychoacoustic techniques such as dichotic listening and categorical perception designs. More recently, functional hemodynamic neuroimaging and electrophysiological methods opened the door to the delineation of multiple stages of central auditory processing related to signal detection, classification, sensory memory processes, and, finally, lexical access. Beyond the control mechanisms in a stricter sense, both speech articulation and auditory processing represent examples of 'grounded cognition'. For example, both domains cannot be restricted to text-to-speech translation processes, but are intimately interwoven with neuropsychological aspects of speech prosody, including the vocal expression of affects and the actual performance of speech acts, transforming propositional messages to 'real' utterances. Furthermore, during language acquisition, the periphery of language-i.e., hearing and speaking behavior-plays a dominant role for the construction of a language-specific mental lexicon as well as language-specific action plans for the production of a speech message. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:191-200. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1211 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hertrich
- Department of General Neurology, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Ackermann
- Department of General Neurology, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hertrich I, Dietrich S, Ackermann H. Tracking the speech signal--time-locked MEG signals during perception of ultra-fast and moderately fast speech in blind and in sighted listeners. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 124:9-21. [PMID: 23332808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Blind people can learn to understand speech at ultra-high syllable rates (ca. 20 syllables/s), a capability associated with hemodynamic activation of the central-visual system. To further elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying this skill, magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements during listening to sentence utterances were cross-correlated with time courses derived from the speech signal (envelope, syllable onsets and pitch periodicity) to capture phase-locked MEG components (14 blind, 12 sighted subjects; speech rate=8 or 16 syllables/s, pre-defined source regions: auditory and visual cortex, inferior frontal gyrus). Blind individuals showed stronger phase locking in auditory cortex than sighted controls, and right-hemisphere visual cortex activity correlated with syllable onsets in case of ultra-fast speech. Furthermore, inferior-frontal MEG components time-locked to pitch periodicity displayed opposite lateralization effects in sighted (towards right hemisphere) and blind subjects (left). Thus, ultra-fast speech comprehension in blind individuals appears associated with changes in early signal-related processing mechanisms both within and outside the central-auditory terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hertrich
- Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Rowland LM, Edden RA, Kontson K, Zhu H, Barker PB, Hong LE. GABA predicts inhibition of frequency-specific oscillations in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 25:83-7. [PMID: 23487198 PMCID: PMC3640485 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11120368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to show a relationship between in-vivo brain gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels and auditory inhibitory electrophysiological measures in schizophrenia. Results revealed a strong association between GABA levels and gating of the theta-alpha and beta activities in schizophrenia.
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