51
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Koele IJ, van Hoorn J, de Bruijn ERA, Güroğlu B. Neural processing of observed performance-based errors and rewards in the context of friends and unfamiliar peers across adolescence. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108619. [PMID: 37315891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by changes in performance monitoring, whereby action outcomes are monitored to subsequently adapt behavior and optimize performance. Observation of performance-based outcomes (i.e., errors and rewards) received by others forms the basis of observational learning. Adolescence is also a period of increasing importance of peers, especially friends, and observing peers forms a crucial aspect of learning in the social context of the classroom. However, to our knowledge, no developmental fMRI studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying observed performance monitoring of errors and rewards in the context of peers. The current fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of observing performance-based errors and rewards of peers in adolescents aged 9-16 years (N = 80). In the scanner, participants observed either their best friend or an unfamiliar peer play a shooting game resulting in performance-dependent rewards (based on hits) or losses (based on misses, i. e, errors), where outcomes affected both the player and the observing participant. Findings showed higher activation in the bilateral striatum and bilateral anterior insula when adolescents observed peers (i.e., best friend and unfamiliar peer) receive performance-based rewards compared to losses. This might reflect the heightened salience of observed reward processing in the peer context in adolescence. Our results further revealed lower activation in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) while adolescents observed the performance-based outcomes (rewards and losses) for their best friend than for an unfamiliar peer. Considering that observation of others' performance-based errors and rewards forms the basis of observational learning, this study provides a crucial first step in understanding and potentially improving adolescent observational learning in the peer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J Koele
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Jorien van Hoorn
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen R A de Bruijn
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands.
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52
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Boux IP, Pulvermüller F. Does the right temporo-parietal junction play a role in processing indirect speech acts? A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108588. [PMID: 37244393 PMCID: PMC10498423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In communication, much information is conveyed not explicitly but rather covertly, based on shared assumptions and common knowledge. For instance, when asked "Did you bring your cat to the vet?" a person could reply "It got hurt jumping down the table", thereby implicating that, indeed, the cat was brought to the vet. The assumption that getting hurt jumping down a table motivates a vet visit is tacitly attributed to the speaker by the listener, which implies Theory of Mind (ToM) processes. In the present study, we apply repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ), a key brain region underlying ToM, with the aim to disrupt ToM processes necessary for language understanding. We then assess effects on the comprehension of indirect speech acts and their matched direct controls. In one set of conditions, the direct and indirect stimuli where not matched for speech act type, whereas, in the other, these were matched, therefore providing an unconfounded test case for in/directness. When indirect speech acts and direct controls were matched for speech act type (both statements), the indirect ones took longer to process both following sham and verum TMS. However, when the indirect and direct speech acts were not matched for communicative function (accept/decline offer vs. descriptive statement respectively), then a delay was detected for the indirect ones following sham TMS but, crucially, not following verum TMS. Additionally, TMS affected behavior in a ToM task. We therefore do not find evidence that the rTPJ is causally involved in comprehending of indirectness per se, but conclude that it could be involved instead in the processing of specific social communicative activity of rejecting of accepting offers, or to a combination of differing in/directness and communicative function. Our findings are consistent with the view that ToM processing in rTPJ is more important and/or more pronounced for offer acceptance/rejection than for descriptive answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella P Boux
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstraße 56, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstraße 56, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter Den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
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53
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Cristiano A, Finisguerra A, Urgesi C, Avenanti A, Tidoni E. Functional role of the theory of mind network in integrating mentalistic prior information with action kinematics during action observation. Cortex 2023; 166:107-120. [PMID: 37354870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Inferring intentions from verbal and nonverbal human behaviour is critical for everyday social life. Here, we combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with a behavioural priming paradigm to test whether key nodes of the Theory of Mind network (ToMn) contribute to understanding others' intentions by integrating prior knowledge about an agent with the observed action kinematics. We used a modified version of the Faked-Action Discrimination Task (FAD), a forced-choice paradigm in which participants watch videos of actors lifting a cube and judge whether the actors are trying to deceive them concerning the weight of the cube. Videos could be preceded or not by verbal description (prior) about the agent's truthful or deceitful intent. We applied single pulse TMS over three key nodes of the ToMn, namely dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ). Sham-TMS served as a control (baseline) condition. Following sham or rTPJ stimulation, we observed no consistent influence of priors on FAD performance. In contrast, following dmPFC stimulation, and to a lesser extent pSTS stimulation, truthful and deceitful actions were perceived as more deceptive only when the prior suggested a dishonest intention. These findings highlight a functional role of dmPFC and pSTS in coupling prior knowledge about deceptive intents with observed action kinematics in order to judge faked actions. Our study provides causal evidence that fronto-temporal nodes of the ToMn are functionally relevant to mental state inference during action observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Cristiano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN(2)S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Department of Psychology, Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Emmanuele Tidoni
- Human Technology Laboratory, School of Psychology and Social Work, University of Hull, Hull, UK; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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54
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Dai W, Li Z, Jia N. Cue Sources and Cue Utilization Patterns of Social Mentalizing during Two-Person Interactions. J Intell 2023; 11:173. [PMID: 37754902 PMCID: PMC10532053 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11090173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social mentalizing plays a crucial role in two-person interactions. Depending on the target of inference and the content being inferred, social mentalizing primarily exists in two forms: first-order mentalizing and second-order mentalizing. Our research aims to investigate the cue sources and cue utilization patterns of social mentalizing during two-person interactions. Our study created an experimental situation of a two-person interaction and used the "Spot the difference" game to reveal our research question with multi-stage tasks. Our study was divided into two experiments, Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, which examined the cue sources and cue utilization patterns of first- and second-order mentalizing, respectively. The results of the experiments showed that (1) self-performance and other performance are significant cues utilized by individuals during social mentalizing. (2) Individuals employ discrepancies to modulate the relationship between self-performance and first-order mentalizing as well as to adjust the relationship between otherperformance and second-order mentalizing. The results of this study further complement the dual-processing model of mindreading and the anchoring and adjustment hypothesis during social inference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Jia
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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55
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Lonardo L, Völter CJ, Lamm C, Huber L. Dogs Rely On Visual Cues Rather Than On Effector-Specific Movement Representations to Predict Human Action Targets. Open Mind (Camb) 2023; 7:588-607. [PMID: 37840756 PMCID: PMC10575556 DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict others' actions is one of the main pillars of social cognition. We investigated the processes underlying this ability by pitting motor representations of the observed movements against visual familiarity. In two pre-registered eye-tracking experiments, we measured the gaze arrival times of 16 dogs (Canis familiaris) who observed videos of a human or a conspecific executing the same goal-directed actions. On the first trial, when the human agent performed human-typical movements outside dogs' specific motor repertoire, dogs' gaze arrived at the target object anticipatorily (i.e., before the human touched the target object). When the agent was a conspecific, dogs' gaze arrived to the target object reactively (i.e., upon or after touch). When the human agent performed unusual movements more closely related to the dogs' motor possibilities (e.g., crawling instead of walking), dogs' gaze arrival times were intermediate between the other two conditions. In a replication experiment, with slightly different stimuli, dogs' looks to the target object were neither significantly predictive nor reactive, irrespective of the agent. However, when including looks at the target object that were not preceded by looks to the agents, on average dogs looked anticipatorily and sooner at the human agent's action target than at the conspecific's. Looking times and pupil size analyses suggest that the dogs' attention was captured more by the dog agent. These results suggest that visual familiarity with the observed action and saliency of the agent had a stronger influence on the dogs' looking behaviour than effector-specific movement representations in anticipating action targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Lonardo
- Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Völter
- Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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56
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Landsiedel J, Koldewyn K. Auditory dyadic interactions through the "eye" of the social brain: How visual is the posterior STS interaction region? IMAGING NEUROSCIENCE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 1:1-20. [PMID: 37719835 PMCID: PMC10503480 DOI: 10.1162/imag_a_00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Human interactions contain potent social cues that meet not only the eye but also the ear. Although research has identified a region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus as being particularly sensitive to visually presented social interactions (SI-pSTS), its response to auditory interactions has not been tested. Here, we used fMRI to explore brain response to auditory interactions, with a focus on temporal regions known to be important in auditory processing and social interaction perception. In Experiment 1, monolingual participants listened to two-speaker conversations (intact or sentence-scrambled) and one-speaker narrations in both a known and an unknown language. Speaker number and conversational coherence were explored in separately localised regions-of-interest (ROI). In Experiment 2, bilingual participants were scanned to explore the role of language comprehension. Combining univariate and multivariate analyses, we found initial evidence for a heteromodal response to social interactions in SI-pSTS. Specifically, right SI-pSTS preferred auditory interactions over control stimuli and represented information about both speaker number and interactive coherence. Bilateral temporal voice areas (TVA) showed a similar, but less specific, profile. Exploratory analyses identified another auditory-interaction sensitive area in anterior STS. Indeed, direct comparison suggests modality specific tuning, with SI-pSTS preferring visual information while aSTS prefers auditory information. Altogether, these results suggest that right SI-pSTS is a heteromodal region that represents information about social interactions in both visual and auditory domains. Future work is needed to clarify the roles of TVA and aSTS in auditory interaction perception and further probe right SI-pSTS interaction-selectivity using non-semantic prosodic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Landsiedel
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Kami Koldewyn
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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57
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Mayrand F, Capozzi F, Ristic J. A dual mobile eye tracking study on natural eye contact during live interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11385. [PMID: 37452135 PMCID: PMC10349108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human eyes convey a wealth of social information, with mutual looks representing one of the hallmark gaze communication behaviors. However, it remains relatively unknown if such reciprocal communication requires eye-to-eye contact or if general face-to-face looking is sufficient. To address this question, while recording looking behavior in live interacting dyads using dual mobile eye trackers, we analyzed how often participants engaged in mutual looks as a function of looking towards the top (i.e., the Eye region) and bottom half of the face (i.e., the Mouth region). We further examined how these different types of mutual looks during an interaction connected with later gaze-following behavior elicited in an individual experimental task. The results indicated that dyads engaged in mutual looks in various looking combinations (Eye-to-eye, Eye-to-mouth, and Mouth-to-Mouth) but proportionately spent little time in direct eye-to-eye gaze contact. However, the time spent in eye-to-eye contact significantly predicted the magnitude of later gaze following response elicited by the partner's gaze direction. Thus, humans engage in looking patterns toward different face parts during interactions, with direct eye-to-eye looks occurring relatively infrequently; however, social messages relayed during eye-to-eye contact appear to carry key information that propagates to affect subsequent individual social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mayrand
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Francesca Capozzi
- Department of Psychology , Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jelena Ristic
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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58
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Zhang X, Xu M, Yang X, Yang Y. Individual Differences in Emotion Attenuation Brought by Indirect Replies Is Related to Resting-State Brain Activity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1053. [PMID: 37508985 PMCID: PMC10377414 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During daily conversations, people prefer indirect replies in face-threatening situations. Existent studies have indicated that recipients tend to perceive the information conveyed by indirect replies as negative and emotion regions are engaged in indirect replies processing in face-threatening situations. In this study, we examined whether indirect replies can reduce recipients' experience of negative emotion and what are the underlying cerebral structures that may give rise to individual differences in the effectiveness of such replies in attenuating negative emotion. Behavior ratings and resting-stating functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques were combined to explore these questions. We created dialogues expressing refusal or negative opinion with direct/indirect replies. Participants were asked to rate their emotional valence and arousal when they received such replies. The rating scores were used to correlate with spontaneous brain activity. Results showed that indirect replies indeed attenuated recipients' negative emotion experience. Moreover, the left caudate, the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and the connectivity of rACC and left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) were found to be positively correlated to individual differences in such emotion attenuation. Our findings provide direct empirical evidence for the face-saving function of indirect replies and reveal that the intrinsic brain activities of emotion network and theory of mind (ToM) network are related to individual differences in such emotion attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Maoyao Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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59
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Catoira B, Van Overwalle F, Van Schuerbeek P, Raeymaekers H, Heleven E, Baetens K, Deroost N, Baeken C. The effects of stimulating the cerebellum on social sequences: A tDCS-fMRI pilot study: Los efectos de estimular el cerebelo en secuencias sociales: Un estudio piloto con tDCS y fMRI. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100373. [PMID: 36793338 PMCID: PMC9922820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the involvement of the cerebellum in social behavior and its relationship with social mentalizing has just begun. Social mentalizing is the ability to attribute mental states such as desires, intentions, and beliefs to others. This ability involves the use of social action sequences which are believed to be stored in the cerebellum. In order to better understand the neurobiology of social mentalizing, we applied cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on 23 healthy participants in the MRI scanner, immediately followed by measuring their brain activity during a task that required to generate the correct sequence of social actions involving false (i.e., outdated) and true beliefs, social routines and non-social (control) events. The results revealed that stimulation decreased task performance along with decreased brain activation in mentalizing areas, including the temporoparietal junction and the precuneus. This decrease was strongest for true belief sequences compared to the other sequences. These findings support the functional impact of the cerebellum on the mentalizing network and belief mentalizing, contributing to the understanding of the role of the cerebellum in social sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Catoira
- Department of Psychiatry (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Elien Heleven
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
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60
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Zhao W, Liu Q, Zhang X, Song X, Zhang Z, Qing P, Liu X, Zhu S, Yang W, Kendrick KM. Differential responses in the mirror neuron system during imitation of individual emotional facial expressions and association with autistic traits. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120263. [PMID: 37399932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mirror neuron system (MNS), including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays an important role in action representation and imitation and may be dysfunctional in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it's not clear how these three regions respond and interact during the imitation of different basic facial expressions and whether the pattern of responses is influenced by autistic traits. Thus, we conducted a natural facial expression (happiness, angry, sadness and fear) imitation task in 100 healthy male subjects where expression intensity was measured using facial emotion recognition software (FaceReader) and MNS responses were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Autistic traits were measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire. Results showed that imitation of happy expressions produced the highest expression intensity but a small deactivation in MNS responses, suggesting a lower processing requirement compared to other expressions. A cosine similarity analysis indicated a distinct pattern of MNS responses during imitation of each facial expression with functional intra-hemispheric connectivity between the left IPL and left STS being significantly higher during happy compared to other expressions, while inter-hemispheric connectivity between the left and right IPL differed between imitation of fearful and sad expressions. Furthermore, functional connectivity changes during imitation of each different expression could reliably predict autistic trait scores. Overall, the results provide evidence for distinct patterns of functional connectivity changes between MNS regions during imitation of different emotions which are also associated with autistic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xinwei Song
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Peng Qing
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Wenxu Yang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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61
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Karakose-Akbiyik S, Caramazza A, Wurm MF. A shared neural code for the physics of actions and object events. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3316. [PMID: 37286553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Observing others' actions recruits frontoparietal and posterior temporal brain regions - also called the action observation network. It is typically assumed that these regions support recognizing actions of animate entities (e.g., person jumping over a box). However, objects can also participate in events with rich meaning and structure (e.g., ball bouncing over a box). So far, it has not been clarified which brain regions encode information specific to goal-directed actions or more general information that also defines object events. Here, we show a shared neural code for visually presented actions and object events throughout the action observation network. We argue that this neural representation captures the structure and physics of events regardless of animacy. We find that lateral occipitotemporal cortex encodes information about events that is also invariant to stimulus modality. Our results shed light onto the representational profiles of posterior temporal and frontoparietal cortices, and their roles in encoding event information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Caramazza
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Moritz F Wurm
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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62
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Green R, Meredith LR, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Adolescent Neurodevelopment Within the Context of Impulsivity and Substance Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:166-177. [PMID: 38009082 PMCID: PMC10671920 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of the present review is to provide an update on recent studies examining adolescent neurodevelopment in the context of impulsivity and substance use. We provide a review of the neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure and function related to impulsivity, substance use, and their intersection. Recent Findings When examining brain structure, smaller gray matter volume coupled with lower white matter integrity is associated with greater impulsivity across three components: trait impulsivity, choice impulsivity, and response inhibition. Altered functional connectivity in networks including the inhibitory control network and reward processing network confers risk for greater impulsivity and substance use. Summary Across brain structure and function, there is evidence to suggest that overlapping areas involved in the rise in impulsivity during adolescence contribute to early substance use initiation and escalation. These overlapping neurodevelopmental correlates have promising implications for prevention and early intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Mewton
- Matilda Centre for Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Sun B, Wang Y, Ye Q, Pan Y. Associations of Empathy with Teacher-Student Interactions: A Potential Ternary Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050767. [PMID: 37239239 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy has garnered increasing recognition as a pivotal component of teacher-student interactions and a notable determinant of student achievement. Nevertheless, the exact impact of empathy on teacher-student interactions remains elusive, despite research endeavors into the neural mechanisms of teacher empathy. Our article examines the cognitive neural processes of teacher empathy during various forms of teacher-student interactions. To this end, we first present a concise review of theoretical considerations related to empathy and interactions, followed by an extensive discussion of teacher-student interactions and teacher empathy through both "single-brain" and "dual-brain" perspectives. Drawing on these discussions, we propose a potential model of empathy that integrates the affective contagion, cognitive evaluation, and behavior prediction aspects of teacher-student interactions. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghai Sun
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Qun Ye
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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64
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Quettier T, Maffei A, Gambarota F, Ferrari PF, Sessa P. Testing EEG functional connectivity between sensorimotor and face processing visual regions in individuals with congenital facial palsy. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1123221. [PMID: 37215358 PMCID: PMC10196055 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Moebius syndrome (MBS) is characterized by the congenital absence or underdevelopment of cranial nerves VII and VI, leading to facial palsy and impaired lateral eye movements. As a result, MBS individuals cannot produce facial expressions and did not develop motor programs for facial expressions. In the latest model of sensorimotor simulation, an iterative communication between somatosensory, motor/premotor cortices, and visual regions has been proposed, which should allow more efficient discriminations among subtle facial expressions. Accordingly, individuals with congenital facial motor disability, specifically with MBS, should exhibit atypical communication within this network. Here, we aimed to test this facet of the sensorimotor simulation models. We estimated the functional connectivity between the visual cortices for face processing and the sensorimotor cortices in healthy and MBS individuals. To this aim, we studied the strength of beta band functional connectivity between these two systems using high-density EEG, combined with a change detection task with facial expressions (and a control condition involving non-face stimuli). The results supported our hypothesis such that when discriminating subtle facial expressions, participants affected by congenital facial palsy (compared to healthy controls) showed reduced connectivity strength between sensorimotor regions and visual regions for face processing. This effect was absent for the condition with non-face stimuli. These findings support sensorimotor simulation models and the communication between sensorimotor and visual areas during subtle facial expression processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quettier
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Maffei
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrari
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Paola Sessa
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Meyer K, Hindi Attar C, Fiebig J, Stamm T, Bassett TR, Bauer M, Dannlowski U, Ethofer T, Falkenberg I, Jansen A, Juckel G, Kircher T, Mulert C, Leicht G, Rau A, Ritter D, Ritter P, Trost S, Vogelbacher C, Walter H, Wolter S, Hautzinger M, Bermpohl F. Boosting the Theory of Mind Network: Specific Psychotherapy Increases Neural Correlates of Affective Theory of Mind in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:572-580. [PMID: 36087699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bipolar disorder, impaired affective theory of mind (aToM) performance and aberrant neural activation in the ToM brain network partly explain social functioning impairments. However, it is not yet known whether psychotherapy of bipolar disorder influences neuroimaging markers of aToM. METHODS In this study, conducted within the multicentric randomized controlled trial of the BipoLife consortium, patients with euthymic bipolar disorder underwent 2 group interventions over 6 months (mean = 28.45 weeks): 1) a specific, cognitive behavioral intervention (specific psychotherapeutic intervention [SEKT]) (n = 31) targeting impulse regulation, ToM, and social skills and 2) an emotion-focused intervention (FEST) (n = 28). To compare the effect of SEKT and FEST on neural correlates of aToM, patients performed an aToM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after interventions (final functional magnetic resonance imaging sample of pre- and postcompleters, SEKT: n = 16; FEST: n = 17). Healthy control subjects (n = 32) were scanned twice with the same time interval. Because ToM was trained in SEKT, we expected an increased ToM network activation in SEKT relative to FEST postintervention. RESULTS Both treatments effectively stabilized patients' euthymic state in terms of affective symptoms, life satisfaction, and global functioning. Confirming our expectations, SEKT patients showed increased neural activation within regions of the ToM network, bilateral temporoparietal junction, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, whereas FEST patients did not. CONCLUSIONS The stabilizing effect of SEKT on clinical outcomes went along with increased neural activation of the ToM network, while FEST possibly exerted its positive effect by other, yet unexplored routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Fiebig
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Tyler R Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Core-Facility Brain Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL, University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Trost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Universitäre Altersmedizin FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Wolter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Qin X, Huang H, Liu Y, Zheng F, Zhou Y, Wang H. Increased Functional Connectivity Involving the Parahippocampal Gyrus in Patients with Schizophrenia during Theory of Mind Processing: A Psychophysiological Interaction Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040692. [PMID: 37190657 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory of Mind (ToM) is an ability to infer the mental state of others, which plays an important role during social events. Previous studies have shown that ToM deficits exist frequently in schizophrenia, which may result from abnormal activity in brain regions related to sociality. However, the interactions between brain regions during ToM processing in schizophrenia are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated functional connectivity during ToM processing in patients with schizophrenia, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS A total of 36 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls were recruited to complete a ToM task from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) during fMRI scanning. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was applied to explore functional connectivity. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia were less accurate than healthy controls in judging social stimuli from non-social stimuli (Z = 2.31, p = 0.021), and displayed increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and increased functional connectivity between the bilateral middle temporal gyrus and the ipsilateral parahippocampal gyrus during ToM processing (AlphaSim corrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Here, we showed that the brain regions related to sociality interact more with the parahippocampal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia during ToM processing, which may reflect a possible compensatory pathway of ToM deficits in schizophrenia. Our study provides a new idea for ToM deficits in schizophrenia, which could be helpful to better understand social cognition of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucong Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430060, China
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Straccia MA, Teed AR, Katzman PL, Tan KM, Parrish MH, Irwin MR, Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Tabak BA. Null results of oxytocin and vasopressin administration on mentalizing in a large fMRI sample: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2285-2295. [PMID: 37310308 PMCID: PMC10123837 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although potential links between oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), and social cognition are well-grounded theoretically, most studies have included all male samples, and few have demonstrated consistent effects of either neuropeptide on mentalizing (i.e. understanding the mental states of others). To understand the potential of either neuropeptide as a pharmacological treatment for individuals with impairments in social cognition, it is important to demonstrate the beneficial effects of OT and AVP on mentalizing in healthy individuals. METHODS In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (n = 186) of healthy individuals, we examined the effects of OT and AVP administration on behavioral responses and neural activity in response to a mentalizing task. RESULTS Relative to placebo, neither drug showed an effect on task reaction time or accuracy, nor on whole-brain neural activation or functional connectivity observed within brain networks associated with mentalizing. Exploratory analyses included several variables previously shown to moderate OT's effects on social processes (e.g., self-reported empathy, alexithymia) but resulted in no significant interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS Results add to a growing literature demonstrating that intranasal administration of OT and AVP may have a more limited effect on social cognition, at both the behavioral and neural level, than initially assumed. Randomized controlled trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02393443; NCT02393456; NCT02394054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Straccia
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam R. Teed
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Perri L. Katzman
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin M. Tan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Parrish
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Tabak
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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68
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van de Groep S, Sweijen SW, de Water E, Crone EA. Temporal discounting for self and friends in adolescence: A fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101204. [PMID: 36736019 PMCID: PMC9918426 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by impulsivity but also by increased importance of friendships. This study took the novel perspective of testing temporal discounting in a fMRI task where choices could affect outcomes for 96 adolescents (aged 10-20-years) themselves and their best friend. Decisions either benefitted themselves (i.e., the Self Immediate - Self Delay' condition) or their friend (i.e., 'Friend Immediate - Friend Delay' condition); or juxtaposed rewards for themselves and their friends (i.e., the 'Self Immediate - Friend Delay' or 'Friend Immediate - Self Delay' conditions). We observed that younger adolescents were more impulsive; and all participants were more impulsive when this was associated with an immediate benefit for friends. Individual differences analyses revealed increased activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex extending in the ventral striatum for immediate relative to delayed reward choices for self. Temporal choices were associated with activity in the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, insula, and ventral striatum, but only activity in the right inferior parietal lobe was associated with age. Finally, temporal delay choices for friends relative to self were associated with increased activity in the temporo-parietal junction and precuneus. Overall, this study shows a unique role of the social context in adolescents' temporal decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne van de Groep
- Erasmus SYNC Lab, the Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophie W Sweijen
- Erasmus SYNC Lab, the Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Water
- Great Lakes Neurobehavioral Center, Edina, MN, United States
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus SYNC Lab, the Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, the Netherlands
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69
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Wijaya VG, Oba K, Ishibashi R, Sugiura M. Why people hesitate to help: Neural correlates of the counter-dynamics of altruistic helping and individual differences in daily helping tendencies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1080376. [PMID: 36998358 PMCID: PMC10044345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent psychological and neuroimaging studies on altruism–egoism dilemmas have promoted our understanding of the processes underlying altruistic motivation; however, little attention has been paid to the egoistic counter-dynamics that prompt hesitancy to help. These counter-dynamics may involve the construction of reasons not to help based on contextual elaboration and explain individual differences in the tendency to help others in daily life. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we explored the neural correlates of altruism–egoism dilemmas during empathy-driven helping decisions, with particular attention to the counter-dynamics related to individual helping tendency traits. We used two context-rich helping decision scenarios. In the empathy dilemma (Emp) scenario, empathy-driven motivation to help a poor person was associated with a cost, whereas in the economic-dilemma (Eco) scenario, self-beneficial motivation to help a non-poor person was associated with a cost. Our results showed activation of the right anterior prefrontal cortices, supramarginal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) for the altruism–egoism dilemma (i.e., Emp > Eco). A significant negative effect of the helping tendency trait score was observed on PCC activation; interestingly, this effect was observed for both Emp and Eco dilemmas. The identified neural correlates of altruism–egoism dilemmas appear to be related to the construction of decision reasons based on contextual elaboration in naturalistic situations. In contrast to the classical view, our results suggest a two-stage model that includes an altruistic helping decision followed by counter-dynamics to determine the individual helping tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gani Wijaya
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kentaro Oba
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishibashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Motoaki Sugiura,
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Ogawa A, Asano S, Osada T, Tanaka M, Tochigi R, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Role of right temporoparietal junction for counterfactual evaluation of partner's decision in ultimatum game. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2947-2957. [PMID: 35718541 PMCID: PMC10016052 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans assess the distributions of resources based on their aversion to unfairness. If a partner distributes in an unfair manner even though the partner had a less unfair distribution option, a recipient will believe that the partner should have chosen the counterfactual option. In this study, we investigated the neural basis for fairness evaluation of actual and counterfactual options in the ultimatum game. In this task, a partner chose one distribution option out of two options, and a participant accepted or rejected the option. The behavioral results showed that the acceptance rate was influenced by counterfactual evaluation (CE), among others, as defined by the difference of monetary amount between the actual and counterfactual options. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that CE was associated with the right ventral angular gyrus (vAG) that provided one of convergent inputs to the supramarginal gyrus related to decision utility, which reflects gross preferences for the distribution options. Furthermore, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation administered to the right vAG reduced the behavioral component associated with CE. These results suggest that our acceptance/rejection of distribution options relies on multiple processes (monetary amount, disadvantageous inequity, and CE) and that the right vAG causally contributes to CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Asano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Reia Tochigi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Speer SPH, Martinovici A, Smidts A, Boksem MAS. The acute effects of stress on dishonesty are moderated by individual differences in moral default. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3984. [PMID: 36894617 PMCID: PMC9998439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In daily life we regularly must decide whether to act dishonestly for personal gain or to be honest and maintain a positive image of ourselves. While evidence suggests that acute stress influences moral decisions, it is unclear whether stress increases or decreases immoral behavior. Here, we hypothesize that stress, through its effects on cognitive control, has different effects on moral decision making for different individuals, depending on their moral default. We test this hypothesis by combining a task which allows for inconspicuously measuring spontaneous cheating with a well-established stress induction task. Our findings confirm our hypothesis, revealing that effects of stress on dishonesty are not uniform, but instead depend on the individual: for those who are relatively dishonest, stress increases dishonesty, whereas for participants who are relatively honest stress makes them more honest. These findings go a long way in resolving the conflicting findings in the literature on the effects of stress on moral decisions, suggesting that stress affects dishonesty differently for different individuals, depending on their moral default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P H Speer
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ana Martinovici
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ale Smidts
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A S Boksem
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fonagy P, Campbell C, Luyten P. Attachment, Mentalizing and Trauma: Then (1992) and Now (2022). Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030459. [PMID: 36979268 PMCID: PMC10046260 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the current status of research on the relationship between attachment and trauma in developmental psychopathology. Beginning with a review of the major issues and the state-of-the-art in relation to current thinking in the field of attachment about the impact of trauma and the inter-generational transmission of trauma, the review then considers recent neurobiological work on mentalizing and trauma and suggests areas of new development and implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Chloe Campbell
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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73
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Atzil S, Satpute AB, Zhang J, Parrish MH, Shablack H, MacCormack JK, Leshin J, Goel S, Brooks JA, Kang J, Xu Y, Cohen M, Lindquist KA. The impact of sociality and affective valence on brain activation: A meta-analysis. Neuroimage 2023; 268:119879. [PMID: 36642154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty years of neuroimaging reveal the set of brain regions consistently associated with pleasant and unpleasant affect in humans-or the neural reference space for valence. Yet some of humans' most potent affective states occur in the context of other humans. Prior work has yet to differentiate how the neural reference space for valence varies as a product of the sociality of affective stimuli. To address this question, we meta-analyzed across 614 social and non-social affective neuroimaging contrasts, summarizing the brain regions that are consistently activated for social and non-social affective information. We demonstrate that across the literature, social and non-social affective stimuli yield overlapping activations within regions associated with visceromotor control, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate cortex and insula. However, we find that social processing differs from non-social affective processing in that it involves additional cortical activations in the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulum that have been associated with mentalizing and prediction. A Bayesian classifier was able to differentiate unpleasant from pleasant affect, but not social from non-social affective states. Moreover, it was not able to classify unpleasantness from pleasantness at the highest levels of sociality. These findings suggest that highly social scenarios may be equally salient to humans, regardless of their valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Atzil
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | - Jiahe Zhang
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Holly Shablack
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States
| | | | - Joseph Leshin
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey A Brooks
- Hume AI, New York, NY, United States; University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jian Kang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuliang Xu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matan Cohen
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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74
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Osiurak F, Delporte L, Revol P, Melgar L, Robert de Beauchamp A, Quesque F, Rossetti Y. The social cognitive dimension of pantomime. Brain Cogn 2023; 166:105942. [PMID: 36621188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pantomime production is commonly interpreted as reflecting tool-use-related cognitive processes. Yet, in everyday life, pantomime deserves a communication function and the exaggeration of amplitude found during pantomime compared to real tool use may reflect the individual's attempt to communicate the intended gesture. Therefore, the question arises about whether pantomime is a communicative behavior that is nevertheless supported only by non-social cognitive processes. We contribute to answering this question by using kinematic analyses. Participants performed the pantomime of using a saw or a hammer from visual presentation in three conditions: Free (no specific instructions), Self (focus on the real tool-use action), and Others (focus on the communicative dimension). Finally, they used the tool with the corresponding object (Actual condition). Participants' social cognition were assessed using gold standard questionnaires. Our results indicated that the manipulation of instructions had a minor effect on the exaggeration of amplitude during pantomime. We reported a link between the social cognition score and the amplitude in the Others condition for the hammer, which suggests that social cognitive processes could take part in pantomime production in some conditions. Nevertheless, this result does not alter our conclusion that social cognitive processes might be far from necessary for pantomime production.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Delporte
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Trajectoires Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France; Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro-Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Trajectoires Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France; Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro-Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
| | - Livia Melgar
- Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - François Quesque
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Trajectoires Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France; Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro-Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Trajectoires Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France; Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro-Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
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75
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Li M, Pu M, Baetens K, Baeken C, Deroost N, Heleven E, Van Overwalle F. Mind your step: social cerebellum in interactive navigation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6648373. [PMID: 35866545 PMCID: PMC9949501 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior cerebellum contributes to dynamic social cognition by building representations and predictions about sequences in which social interactions typically take place. However, the extent to which violations of prior social expectations during human interaction activate the cerebellum remains largely unknown. The present study examined inconsistent actions, which violate the expectations of desired goal outcomes, by using a social navigation paradigm in which a protagonist presented a gift to another agent that was liked or not. As an analogous non-social control condition, a pen was transported via an assembly line and filled with ink that matched the pen's cap or not. Participants (n = 25) were required to memorize and subsequently reproduce the sequence of the protagonist's or pen's trajectory. As hypothesized, expectation violations in social (vs non-social) sequencing were associated with activation in the posterior cerebellum (Crus 1/2) and other cortical mentalizing regions. In contrast, non-social (vs social) sequencing recruited cerebellar lobules IV-V, the action observation network and the navigation-related parahippocampal gyrus. There was little effect in comparison with a social non-sequencing control condition, where participants only had to observe the trajectory. The findings provide further evidence of cerebellar involvement in signaling inconsistencies in social outcomes of goal-directed navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium
| | - Min Pu
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium.,Brussels University Consultation Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent Experimental, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050 , Belgium
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76
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Schwyck ME, Du M, Natarajan P, Chwe JA, Parkinson C. Neural encoding of novel social networks: evidence that perceivers prioritize others' centrality. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6771398. [PMID: 36281998 PMCID: PMC9949589 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of someone's friendships can powerfully impact how one interacts with them. Previous research suggests that information about others' real-world social network positions-e.g. how well-connected they are (centrality), 'degrees of separation' (relative social distance)-is spontaneously encoded when encountering familiar individuals. However, many types of information covary with where someone sits in a social network. For instance, strangers' face-based trait impressions are associated with their social network centrality, and social distance and centrality are inherently intertwined with familiarity, interpersonal similarity and memories. To disentangle the encoding of the social network position from other social information, participants learned a novel social network in which the social network position was decoupled from other factors and then saw each person's image during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that social network centrality was robustly encoded in regions associated with visual attention and mentalizing. Thus, even when considering a social network in which one is not included and where centrality is unlinked from perceptual and experience-based features to which it is inextricably tied in naturalistic contexts, the brain encodes information about others' importance in that network, likely shaping future perceptions of and interactions with those individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Schwyck
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - John Andrew Chwe
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carolyn Parkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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77
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Grecucci A, Sorella S, Consolini J. Decoding individual differences in expressing and suppressing anger from structural brain networks: A supervised machine learning approach. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114245. [PMID: 36470420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anger can be broken down into different elements: a transitory state (state anger), a stable personality feature (trait anger), a tendency to express it (anger-out), or to suppress it (anger-in), and the ability to regulate it (anger control). These elements are characterized by individual differences that vary across a continuum. Among them, the abilities to express and suppress anger are of particular relevance as they determine outcomes and enable successful anger management in daily situations. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that anger suppression and expression can be decoded by patterns of grey matter of specific well-known brain networks. To this aim, a supervised machine learning technique, known as Kernel Ridge Regression, was used to predict anger expression and suppression scores of 212 healthy subjects from the grey matter concentration. Results show that individual differences in anger suppression were predicted by two grey matter patterns associated with the Default-Mode Network and the Salience Network. Additionally, individual differences in anger expression were predicted by a circuit mainly involving subcortical and fronto-temporal regions when considering whole brain grey matter features. These results expand previous findings regarding the neural bases of anger by showing that individual differences in specific anger-related components can be predicted by the grey matter features of specific networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Cli.A.N. Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Center for Medical Sciences, CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Sara Sorella
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Cli.A.N. Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Jennifer Consolini
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Cli.A.N. Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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78
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To Do or Not to Do: The cerebellum and neocortex contribute to predicting sequences of social intentions. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:323-339. [PMID: 36788200 PMCID: PMC10049953 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans read the minds of others to predict their actions and efficiently navigate social environments, a capacity called mentalizing. Accumulating evidence suggests that the cerebellum, especially Crus 1 and 2, and lobule IX are involved in identifying the sequence of others' actions. In the current study, we investigated the neural correlates that underly predicting others' intentions and how this plays out in the sequence of their actions. We developed a novel intention prediction task, which required participants to put protagonists' behaviors in the correct chronological order based on the protagonists' honest or deceitful intentions (i.e., inducing true or false beliefs in others). We found robust activation of cerebellar lobule IX and key mentalizing areas in the neocortex when participants ordered protagonists' intentional behaviors compared with not ordering behaviors or to ordering object scenarios. Unlike a previous task that involved prediction based on personality traits that recruited cerebellar Crus 1 and 2, and lobule IX (Haihambo et al., 2021), the present task recruited only the cerebellar lobule IX. These results suggest that cerebellar lobule IX may be generally involved in social action sequence prediction, and that different areas of the cerebellum are specialized for distinct mentalizing functions.
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79
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Katabi N, Simon H, Yakim S, Ravreby I, Ohad T, Yeshurun Y. Deeper Than You Think: Partisanship-Dependent Brain Responses in Early Sensory and Motor Brain Regions. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1027-1037. [PMID: 36599681 PMCID: PMC9908315 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0895-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent political polarization has illustrated how individuals with opposing political views often experience ongoing events in markedly different ways. In this study, we explored the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. We conducted fMRI scanning of 34 right- and left-wing participants (45% females) watching political videos (e.g., campaign ads and political speeches) just before the elections in Israel. As expected, we observed significant differences between left- and right-wing participants in their interpretation of the videos' content. Furthermore, neuroimaging results revealed partisanship-dependent differences in activation and synchronization in higher-order regions. Surprisingly, such differences were also revealed in early sensory, motor, and somatosensory regions. We found that the political content synchronized the responses of primary visual and auditory cortices in a partisanship-dependent manner. Moreover, right-wing (and not left-wing) individuals' sensorimotor cortex was involved in processing right-wing (and not left-wing) political content. These differences were pronounced to the extent that we could predict political orientation from the early brain-response alone. Importantly, no such differences were found with respect to neutral content. Therefore, these results uncover more fundamental neural mechanisms underlying processes of political polarization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The political sphere has become highly polarized in recent years. Would it be possible to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning such processes? In our study, left- and right-wing participants were scanned in fMRI while watching political video clips just before the elections in Israel. We found that political content was potent in synchronizing the brain responses of individuals holding similar views. This was far more pronounced in individuals holding right-wing views. Moreover, partisan-dependent differences in neural responses were identified already in early sensory, somatosensory, and motor regions, and only for political content. These results suggest that individuals' political views shape their neural responses at a very basic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadas Simon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Sharon Yakim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Inbal Ravreby
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Yaara Yeshurun
- Sagol School of Neuroscience
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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80
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Zhou S, Xu X, He X, Zhou F, Zhai Y, Chen J, Long Y, Zheng L, Lu C. Biasing the neurocognitive processing of videos with the presence of a real cultural other. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1090-1103. [PMID: 35348645 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the digital age, while short videos present vital events with powerful information, the presence of cultural cues may bias our processing of videos of foreign cultures. However, the underlying neurocognitive processes remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that cultural cues might bias video processing by either enhancing cultural perspective-taking or shifting cultural self-schema. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel paradigm in which the cultural cue was a real cultural other (the priming participants) who watched American/Chinese videos together with the primed participants. The results showed that when the cue was present, the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) response to videos with other cultural content was shifted, showing a priming effect. Moreover, the activity pattern in the rTPJ was more congruent with the primed culture than with the original culture, reflecting a neural biasing effect. Finally, intersubject representational similarity analysis indicated that the neural biasing effect in the rTPJ was more closely associated with cultural perspective-taking than with cultural self-schema. In summary, these findings support the perspective-taking hypothesis, suggesting that cultural cues can significantly bias our cultural mindset by altering cultural perspective-taking when we are exposed to culture-relevant naturalistic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiangyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Faxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jinglu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yuhang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China.,Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No19. Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Lifen Zheng
- Center for Teacher Education Research, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, No19. Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
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81
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de Bruin D, van Baar JM, Rodríguez PL, FeldmanHall O. Shared neural representations and temporal segmentation of political content predict ideological similarity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq5920. [PMID: 36724226 PMCID: PMC9891706 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite receiving the same sensory input, opposing partisans often interpret political content in disparate ways. Jointly analyzing controlled and naturalistic functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we uncover the neurobiological mechanisms explaining how these divergent political viewpoints arise. Individuals who share an ideology have more similar neural representations of political words, experience greater neural synchrony during naturalistic political content, and temporally segment real-world information into the same meaningful units. In the striatum and amygdala, increasing intersubject similarity in neural representations of political concepts during a word reading task predicts enhanced synchronization of blood oxygen level-dependent time courses when viewing real-time, inflammatory political videos, revealing that polarization can arise from differences in the brain's affective valuations of political concepts. Together, this research shows that political ideology is shaped by semantic representations of political concepts processed in an environment free of any polarizing agenda and that these representations bias how real-world political information is construed into a polarized perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daantje de Bruin
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeroen M. van Baar
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pedro L. Rodríguez
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- International Faculty, Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oriel FeldmanHall
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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82
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Azhari A, Gabrieli G, Bizzego A, Bornstein MH, Esposito G. Probing the association between maternal anxious attachment style and mother-child brain-to-brain coupling during passive co-viewing of visual stimuli. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:19-34. [PMID: 33357029 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1840790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain-to-brain coupling during co-viewing of video stimuli reflects similar intersubjective mentalisation processes. During an everyday joint activity of watching video stimuli (television shows) with her child, an anxiously attached mother's preoccupation with her child is likely to distract her from understanding the mental state of characters in the show. To test the hypothesis that reduced coupling in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) would be observed with increasing maternal attachment anxiety (MAA), we profiled mothers' MAA using the Attachment Style Questionnaire and used functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess PFC coupling in 31 mother-child dyads while they watched three 1-min animation videos together. Reduced coupling was observed with increasing MAA in the medial right PFC cluster which is implicated in mentalisation processes. This result did not survive control analyses and should be taken as preliminary. Reduced coupling between anxiously-attached mothers and their children during co-viewing could undermine quality of shared experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK.,Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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83
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Friedrich EVC, Zillekens IC, Biel AL, O'Leary D, Singer J, Seegenschmiedt EV, Sauseng P, Schilbach L. Spatio-temporal dynamics of oscillatory brain activity during the observation of actions and interactions between point-light agents. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:657-679. [PMID: 36539944 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Predicting actions from non-verbal cues and using them to optimise one's response behaviour (i.e. interpersonal predictive coding) is essential in everyday social interactions. We aimed to investigate the neural correlates of different cognitive processes evolving over time during interpersonal predictive coding. Thirty-nine participants watched two agents depicted by moving point-light stimuli while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. One well-recognizable agent performed either a 'communicative' or an 'individual' action. The second agent either was blended into a cluster of noise dots (i.e. present) or was entirely replaced by noise dots (i.e. absent), which participants had to differentiate. EEG amplitude and coherence analyses for theta, alpha and beta frequency bands revealed a dynamic pattern unfolding over time: Watching communicative actions was associated with enhanced coupling within medial anterior regions involved in social and mentalising processes and with dorsolateral prefrontal activation indicating a higher deployment of cognitive resources. Trying to detect the agent in the cluster of noise dots without having seen communicative cues was related to enhanced coupling in posterior regions for social perception and visual processing. Observing an expected outcome was modulated by motor system activation. Finally, when the agent was detected correctly, activation in posterior areas for visual processing of socially relevant features was increased. Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is crucial to consider the temporal dynamics of social interactions and of their neural correlates to better understand interpersonal predictive coding. This could lead to optimised treatment approaches for individuals with problems in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth V C Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Imme C Zillekens
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Biel
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Research Unit Experimental Psychology, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | - Dariusz O'Leary
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Singer
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Victoria Seegenschmiedt
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Sauseng
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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84
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Sugimoto H, Sekiguchi T, Otake-Matsuura M. Association between social comparison orientation and hippocampal properties in older adults: A multimodal MRI study. Soc Neurosci 2023; 17:544-557. [PMID: 36692233 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2166580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Social comparison orientation (SCO) refers to the tendency to compare oneself with others and has two distinct dimensions: one about opinions and the other about abilities. Although dissociable neural mechanisms underlying the two dimensions of social comparison can be assumed, little is known about how each dimension of SCO is associated with cognitive and brain health among older adults. To investigate this, we analyzed the SCO scale questionnaire data, neuropsychological assessment data, and multimodal MRI data collected from 90 community-dwelling older adults. We found that global cognitive performance was positively correlated with the score of the opinion subscale but not with the score of the ability subscale and the total score. Similarly, hippocampal volume was positively correlated with opinion score alone. Additionally, the resting-state functional connectivity between the hippocampal seed and the default mode network showed a positive correlation only with the opinion score. Moreover, fractional anisotropy in the hippocampal cingulum was positively correlated with opinion score only. These findings suggest that global cognition and hippocampal properties in older age are associated with the SCO of opinion, which could reflect a regular habit of performing the types of cognitively demanding activities involved in evaluation of self and other opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugimoto
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
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85
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Sacco L, Ceroni M, Pacifico D, Zerboni G, Rossi S, Galati S, Caverzasio S, Kaelin-Lang A, Riccitelli GC. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Executive Functioning through Modulation of Social Cognitive Networks in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Results. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:415. [PMID: 36766520 PMCID: PMC9914912 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often present impairment in executive functions (EFs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on EFs in patients with MCI. (2) Methods: A prospective trial was conducted on 11 patients with MCI. Participants underwent 25 min of 20 Hz rTMS for ten days on the right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Before (T0) and after rTMS treatment (T1), global cognitive profile and EFs were investigated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), trial making test (TMT) A and B, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). Depression symptoms were assessed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (3) Results: After treatment, patients showed a significant improvement in the MoCA EFs subtask (T0 vs. T1, p = 0.015) and TMT-B (T0 vs. T1, p = 0.028). Five MCI patients with EF impairment showed full recovery of these deficits. No significant changes in the GDS were observed. (4) Conclusions: rTMS stimulation over the TPJ and MPFC induced significant short-term improvements in EFs in MCI patients. These findings suggest that the TPJ and MPFC may be involved in the attention-executive skills to redirect attention toward behaviorally relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sacco
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martino Ceroni
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Pacifico
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Zerboni
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Serena Caverzasio
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alain Kaelin-Lang
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gianna C. Riccitelli
- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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86
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Ma Q, Pu M, Haihambo N, Baetens K, Heleven E, Deroost N, Baeken C, Van Overwalle F. Effective cerebello-cerebral connectivity during implicit and explicit social belief sequence learning using dynamic causal modeling. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6633246. [PMID: 35796503 PMCID: PMC9951265 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To study social sequence learning, earlier functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated the neural correlates of a novel Belief Serial Reaction Time task in which participants learned sequences of beliefs held by protagonists. The results demonstrated the involvement of the mentalizing network in the posterior cerebellum and cerebral areas (e.g. temporoparietal junction, precuneus and temporal pole) during implicit and explicit social sequence learning. However, little is known about the neural functional interaction between these areas during this task. Dynamic causal modeling analyses for both implicit and explicit belief sequence learning revealed that the posterior cerebellar Crus I & II were effectively connected to cerebral mentalizing areas, especially the bilateral temporoparietal junction, via closed loops (i.e. bidirectional functional connections that initiate and terminate at the same cerebellar and cerebral areas). There were more closed loops during implicit than explicit learning, which may indicate that the posterior cerebellum may be more involved in implicitly learning sequential social information. Our analysis supports the general view that the posterior cerebellum receives incoming signals from critical mentalizing areas in the cerebrum to identify sequences of social actions and then sends signals back to the same cortical mentalizing areas to better prepare for others' social actions and one's responses to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Ma
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Min Pu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent Experimental, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels 1090, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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87
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Action Observation Network Activity Related to Object-Directed and Socially-Directed Actions in Adolescents. J Neurosci 2023; 43:125-141. [PMID: 36347621 PMCID: PMC9838701 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1602-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human action observation network (AON) encompasses brain areas consistently engaged when we observe other's actions. Although the core nodes of the AON are present from childhood, it is not known to what extent they are sensitive to different action features during development. Because social cognitive abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the AON response to socially-oriented actions, but not to object-related actions, may differ in adolescents and adults. To test this hypothesis, we scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) male and female typically-developing teenagers (n = 28; 13 females) and adults (n = 25; 14 females) while they passively watched videos of manual actions varying along two dimensions: sociality (i.e., directed toward another person or not) and transitivity (i.e., involving an object or not). We found that action observation recruited the same fronto-parietal and occipito-temporal regions in adults and adolescents. The modulation of voxel-wise activity according to the social or transitive nature of the action was similar in both groups of participants. Multivariate pattern analysis, however, revealed that decoding accuracies in intraparietal sulcus (IPS)/superior parietal lobe (SPL) for both sociality and transitivity were lower for adolescents compared with adults. In addition, in the lateral occipital temporal cortex (LOTC), generalization of decoding across the orthogonal dimension was lower for sociality only in adolescents. These findings indicate that the representation of the content of others' actions, and in particular their social dimension, in the adolescent AON is still not as robust as in adults.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The activity of the action observation network (AON) in the human brain is modulated according to the purpose of the observed action, in particular the extent to which it involves interaction with an object or with another person. How this conceptual representation of actions is implemented during development is largely unknown. Here, using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we discovered that, while the action observation network is in place in adolescence, the fine-grain organization of its posterior regions is less robust than in adults to decode the abstract social dimensions of an action. This finding highlights the late maturation of social processing in the human brain.
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88
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Tomasello R. Linguistic signs in action: The neuropragmatics of speech acts. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 236:105203. [PMID: 36470125 PMCID: PMC9856589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
What makes human communication exceptional is the ability to grasp speaker's intentions beyond what is said verbally. How the brain processes communicative functions is one of the central concerns of the neurobiology of language and pragmatics. Linguistic-pragmatic theories define these functions as speech acts, and various pragmatic traits characterise them at the levels of propositional content, action sequence structure, related commitments and social aspects. Here I discuss recent neurocognitive studies, which have shown that the use of identical linguistic signs in conveying different communicative functions elicits distinct and ultra-rapid neural responses. Interestingly, cortical areas show differential involvement underlying various pragmatic features related to theory-of-mind, emotion and action for specific speech acts expressed with the same utterances. Drawing on a neurocognitive model, I posit that understanding speech acts involves the expectation of typical partner follow-up actions and that this predictive knowledge is immediately reflected in mind and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Tomasello
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
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89
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Osiurak F, Claidière N, Federico G. Bringing cumulative technological culture beyond copying versus reasoning. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:30-42. [PMID: 36283920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dominant view of cumulative technological culture suggests that high-fidelity transmission rests upon a high-fidelity copying ability, which allows individuals to reproduce the tool-use actions performed by others without needing to understand them (i.e., without causal reasoning). The opposition between copying versus reasoning is well accepted but with little supporting evidence. In this article, we investigate this distinction by examining the cognitive science literature on tool use. Evidence indicates that the ability to reproduce others' tool-use actions requires causal understanding, which questions the copying versus reasoning distinction and the cognitive reality of the so-called copying ability. We conclude that new insights might be gained by considering causal understanding as a key driver of cumulative technological culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69676 Bron Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France.
| | - Nicolas Claidière
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
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90
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Lemaire BS, Vallortigara G. Life is in motion (through a chick's eye). Anim Cogn 2023; 26:129-140. [PMID: 36222937 PMCID: PMC9877072 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive scientists, social psychologists, computer scientists, neuroscientists, ethologists and many others have all wondered how brains detect and interpret the motion of living organisms. It appears that specific cues, incorporated into our brains by natural selection, serve to signal the presence of living organisms. A simple geometric figure such as a triangle put in motion with specific kinematic rules can look alive, and it can even seem to have intentions and goals. In this article, we survey decades of parallel investigations on the motion cues that drive animacy perception-the sensation that something is alive-in non-human animals, especially in precocial species, such as the domestic chick, to identify inborn biological predispositions. At the same time, we highlight the relevance of these studies for an understanding of human typical and atypical cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien S Lemaire
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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91
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Zhou H, He Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Yin J, Chark R, Fong DKC, Fong LHN, Wu AMS. Altered hierarchical organization between empathy and gambling networks in disordered gamblers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083465. [PMID: 36846215 PMCID: PMC9947716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the demonstrated association between empathy and gambling at the behavioral level, limited neuroimaging research on empathy and gambling disorder (GD) has been conducted. Whether and how the brain network of empathy and that of gambling interact in disordered gamblers has not been investigated. This study aimed to address this research gap by examining the hierarchical organizational patterns, in which the differences of causal interactions of these networks between disordered gamblers and healthy controls were revealed. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 32 disordered gamblers and 56 healthy controls were included in the formal analysis. Dynamic causal modeling was used to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among all participants. RESULTS All participants showed significant effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks. However, compared with healthy controls, disordered gamblers displayed more excitatory effective connectivity within the gambling network, the tendency to display more excitatory effective connectivity from the empathy network to the gambling network, and reduced inhibitory effective connectivity from the gambling network to the empathy network. CONCLUSION The exploratory study was the first to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among disordered gamblers and healthy controls. These results provided insights into the causal relationship between empathy and gambling from the neuroscientific perspective and further confirmed that disordered gamblers show altered effective connectivity within and between these two brain networks, which may be considered to be a potential neural index for GD identification. In addition, the altered interactions between empathy and gambling networks may also indicate the potential targets for the neuro-stimulation intervention approach (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Robin Chark
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Davis Ka Chio Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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92
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Ni HC, Chao YP, Tseng RY, Wu CT, Cocchi L, Chou TL, Chen RS, Gau SSF, Yeh CH, Lin HY. Lack of effects of four-week theta burst stimulation on white matter macro/microstructure in children and adolescents with autism. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103324. [PMID: 36638598 PMCID: PMC9852693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Following the published behavioral and cognitive results of this single-blind parallel sham-controlled randomized clinical trial, the current study aimed to explore the impact of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a variant of excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation, over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci (pSTS) on white matter macro/microstructure in intellectually able children and adolescents with autism. Participants were randomized and blindly received active or sham iTBS for 4 weeks (the single-blind sham-controlled phase). Then, all participants continued to receive active iTBS for another 4 weeks (the open-label phase). The clinical results were published elsewhere. Here, we present diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data on potential changes in white matter measures after iTBS. Twenty-two participants in Active-Active group and 27 participants in Sham-Active group underwent multi-shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging (64-direction for b = 2000 & 1000 s/mm2, respectively) at baseline, week 4, and week 8. With longitudinal fixel-based analysis, we found no white matter changes following iTBS from baseline to week 4 (a null treatment by time interaction and a null within-group paired comparison in the Active-Active group), nor from baseline to week 8 (null within-group paired comparisons in both Active-Active and Sham-Active groups). As for the brain-symptoms relationship, we did not find baseline white matter metrics associated with symptom changes at week 4 in either group. Our results raise the question of what the minimal cumulative stimulation dose required to induce the white matter plasticity is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Deparment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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93
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Kuhnke P, Beaupain MC, Arola J, Kiefer M, Hartwigsen G. Meta-analytic evidence for a novel hierarchical model of conceptual processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104994. [PMID: 36509206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conceptual knowledge plays a pivotal role in human cognition. Grounded cognition theories propose that concepts consist of perceptual-motor features represented in modality-specific perceptual-motor cortices. However, it is unclear whether conceptual processing consistently engages modality-specific areas. Here, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis across 212 neuroimaging experiments on conceptual processing related to 7 perceptual-motor modalities (action, sound, visual shape, motion, color, olfaction-gustation, and emotion). We found that conceptual processing consistently engages brain regions also activated during real perceptual-motor experience of the same modalities. In addition, we identified multimodal convergence zones that are recruited for multiple modalities. In particular, the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) are engaged for three modalities: action, motion, and sound. These "trimodal" regions are surrounded by "bimodal" regions engaged for two modalities. Our findings support a novel model of the conceptual system, according to which conceptual processing relies on a hierarchical neural architecture from modality-specific to multimodal areas up to an amodal hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kuhnke
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Germany.
| | - Marie C Beaupain
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Arola
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Germany
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94
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Willems RM. MA-EM: A neurocognitive model for understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality. Cogn Neurosci 2023; 14:51-60. [PMID: 36282102 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2022.2132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding emotions and moral intentions of other people is integral to being human. Humanities scholars have long recognized the complex and ambiguous nature of emotions and morality. People are rarely 'just' happy, or sad. Neither are they 'just' good or bad people. Despite this, most knowledge about the psychological and neural basis of emotions and moral understanding comes from experiments investigating unidimensional and non-ambiguous emotions and morality. The goal of this paper is twofold. First I want to point out why mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality are a promising research topic for cognitive neuroscientists. Observing or experiencing mixed or ambiguous emotions and morality tends to have a strong impact on humans. This impact is clearly visible in narratives and fiction, and I will argue that narratives make an excellent stimulus to study the effects of emotional and moral ambiguity. Second, I will sketch a model to help guide research in this promising corner of human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M Willems
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen The Netherlands
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95
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Modulating mental state recognition by anodal tDCS over the cerebellum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22616. [PMID: 36585436 PMCID: PMC9803656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies has demonstrated cerebellar involvement in social cognition components, including the mentalizing process. The aim of this study was to apply transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate cerebellar excitability to investigate the role the cerebellum plays in mental state recognition. Forty-eight healthy subjects were randomly assigned to different groups in which anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS (2 mA for 20 min) was delivered centering the electrode on the vermis to stimulate the posterior portion of the cerebellum. The ability to attribute mental states to others was tested before and after tDCS using a digital version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes test', which includes visual perceptive and motor stimuli as control conditions. Correct response and reaction times (RTs) were recorded. The results revealed a significant reduction in RTs between the baseline and post-stimulation sessions after cerebellar anodal tDCS only for mental state stimuli (Wilcoxon test p = 0.00055), whereas no significant effect was found in the cathodal or sham conditions or for visual perceptive and motor stimuli. Overall, our study suggests that cerebellar anodal tDCS might selectively improve mental state recognition and constitute an effective strategy to positively modulate the mentalizing process.
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96
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Pu M, Ma Q, Haihambo N, Li M, Baeken C, Baetens K, Deroost N, Heleven E, Van Overwalle F. Dynamic causal modeling of cerebello-cerebral connectivity when sequencing trait-implying actions. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6366-6381. [PMID: 36573440 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that the cerebellum contributes to the prediction of action sequences as well as the detection of social violations. In this dynamic causal modeling study, we explored the effective connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebrum in processing social action sequences. A first model aimed to explore functional cerebello-cerebral connectivity when learning trait/stereotype-implying action sequences. We found many significant bidirectional connectivities between mentalizing areas of the cerebellum and the cerebrum including the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Within the cerebrum, we found significant connectivity between the right TPJ and the mPFC, and between the TPJ bilaterally. A second model aimed to investigate cerebello-cerebral connectivity when conflicting information arises. We found many significant closed loops between the cerebellum and cerebral mentalizing (e.g. dorsal mPFC) and executive control areas (e.g. medial and lateral prefrontal cortices). Additional closed loops were found within the cerebral mentalizing and executive networks. The current results confirm prior research on effective connectivity linking the cerebellum with mentalizing areas in the cerebrum for predicting social sequences, and extend it to cerebral executive areas for social violations. Overall, this study emphasizes the critical role of cerebello-cerebral connectivity in understanding social sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Qianying Ma
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Meijia Li
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, , 9000, Ghent , Belgium
- University Hospital (UZBrussel) Department of Psychiatry, , 1090, Brussels , Belgium
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Electrical Engineering, 5612, Eindhoven, Th e Netherlands
| | - Kris Baetens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
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97
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Kuroda K, Ogura Y, Ogawa A, Tamei T, Ikeda K, Kameda T. Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for emergence of norms and socially shared realities via dynamic interaction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1379. [PMID: 36522539 PMCID: PMC9754314 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the digital era, new socially shared realities and norms emerge rapidly, whether they are beneficial or harmful to our societies. Although these are emerging properties from dynamic interaction, most research has centered on static situations where isolated individuals face extant norms. We investigated how perceptual norms emerge endogenously as shared realities through interaction, using behavioral and fMRI experiments coupled with computational modeling. Social interactions fostered convergence of perceptual responses among people, not only overtly but also at the covert psychophysical level that generates overt responses. Reciprocity played a critical role in increasing the stability (reliability) of the psychophysical function within each individual, modulated by neural activity in the mentalizing network during interaction. These results imply that bilateral influence promotes mutual cognitive anchoring of individual views, producing shared generative models at the collective level that enable endogenous agreement on totally new targets-one of the key functions of social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Kuroda
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Research in Business and Economics, Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8636, Japan
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogura
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tamei
- Department of Robotics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazushi Ikeda
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameda
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan.
- Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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98
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Arslanova I, Galvez-Pol A, Kilner J, Finotti G, Tsakiris M. Seeing Through Each Other's Hearts: Inferring Others' Heart Rate as a Function of Own Heart Rate Perception and Perceived Social Intelligence. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:862-877. [PMID: 36519151 PMCID: PMC9743902 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful social interactions require a good understanding of the emotional states of other people. This information is often not directly communicated but must be inferred. As all emotional experiences are also imbedded in the visceral or interoceptive state of the body (i.e., accelerating heart rate during arousal), successfully inferring the interoceptive states of others may open a window into their emotional state. But how well can people do that? Here, we replicate recent results showing that people can discriminate between the cardiac states (i.e., the resting heartrate) of other people by simply looking at them. We further tested whether the ability to infer the interoceptive states of others depends on one's own interoceptive abilities. We measured people's performance in a cardioception task and their self-reported interoceptive accuracy. Whilst neither was directly associated to their ability to infer the heartrate of another person, we found a significant interaction. Specifically, overestimating one's own interoceptive capacities was associated with a worse performance at inferring the heartrate of others. In contrast, underestimating one's own interoceptive capacities did not have such influence. This pattern suggests that deficient beliefs about own interoceptive capacities can have detrimental effects on inferring the interoceptive states of other people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00151-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Arslanova
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - James Kilner
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Finotti
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Manos Tsakiris
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for the Politics of Feeling, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
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99
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Zhang H, Dong Z, Cai S, Wu S. Distinct roles of the medial prefrontal cortex in advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion. Brain Cogn 2022; 164:105927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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100
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Flechsenhar A, Kanske P, Krach S, Korn C, Bertsch K. The (un)learning of social functions and its significance for mental health. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 98:102204. [PMID: 36216722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions are dynamic, context-dependent, and reciprocal events that influence prospective strategies and require constant practice and adaptation. This complexity of social interactions creates several research challenges. We propose a new framework encouraging future research to investigate not only individual differences in capacities relevant for social functioning and their underlying mechanisms, but also the flexibility to adapt or update one's social abilities. We suggest three key capacities relevant for social functioning: (1) social perception, (2) sharing emotions or empathizing, and (3) mentalizing. We elaborate on how adaptations in these capacities may be investigated on behavioral and neural levels. Research on these flexible adaptations of one's social behavior is needed to specify how humans actually "learn to be social". Learning to adapt implies plasticity of the relevant brain networks involved in the underlying social processes, indicating that social abilities are malleable for different contexts. To quantify such measures, researchers need to find ways to investigate learning through dynamic changes in adaptable social paradigms and examine several factors influencing social functioning within the three aformentioned social key capacities. This framework furthers insight concerning individual differences, provides a holistic approach to social functioning, and may improve interventions for ameliorating social abilities in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleya Flechsenhar
- Department Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sören Krach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Korn
- Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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