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Fu X, Richards JE. devfOLD: a toolbox for designing age-specific fNIRS channel placement. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:045003. [PMID: 34881349 PMCID: PMC8647945 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique that uses scalp-placed sensors to measure cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Commercial NIRS instruments do not allow for whole-head coverage and do not intrinsically indicate which brain areas generate the NIRS signal. Hence, the challenge is to design source-detector channel arrangement that maximizes sensitivity to a given brain region of interest (ROI). Existing methods for optimizing channel placement design have been developed using adult head models. Thus, they have limited utility for developmental research. Aim: We aim to build an application from an existing toolbox (fOLD) that guides NIRS channel configuration based on age group, stereotaxic atlas, and ROI (devfOLD). Approach: The devfOLD provides NIRS channel-to-ROI specificity computed using photon propagation simulation with realistic head models from infant, child, and adult age groups. Results: Cortical locations and user-specified specificity cut-off values influence the between-age consistency and differences in the ROI-to-channel correspondence among the example infant and adult age groups. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of incorporating age-specific head models for optimizing NIRS channel configurations. The devfOLD toolbox is publicly shared and compatible with multiple operating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - John E. Richards
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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52
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Kim TH, Choi E, Kim H, Kim SY, Kim Y, Kim BN, Park S, Jung KI, Park B, Park MH. The Association Between Hippocampal Volume and Level of Attention in Children and Adolescents. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:671735. [PMID: 34512278 PMCID: PMC8427798 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.671735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, which engages in the process of consolidating long-term memories and learning, shows active development during childhood and adolescence. The hippocampus also functionally influences attention. Based on the influence of hippocampal function on attention, it was expected that the volume of the hippocampus would be associated with the difference in attention during childhood and adolescence, in which the brain develops actively. Thus, this study examined the association between hippocampal volume and attention metrics measured by the continuous performance test (CPT) in 115 children and adolescents (mean age = 12.43 ± 3.0, 63 male and 52 female). In association studies with both auditory and visual attention, we found that the bilateral hippocampal volumes showed negative relationships with auditory omission errors. A smaller volume of the left hippocampus also led to a longer auditory response time. However, visual attention did not show any significant relationship with the hippocampal volume. These findings were consistent even after adjusting for the effects of the related covariates (e.g., age, insomnia, and depression). Taken together, this study suggested that the increase in hippocampal volume during childhood and adolescence was associated significantly with better auditory attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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53
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Spencer APC, Byrne H, Lee-Kelland R, Jary S, Thoresen M, Cowan FM, Chakkarapani E, Brooks JCW. An Age-Specific Atlas for Delineation of White Matter Pathways in Children Aged 6-8 Years. Brain Connect 2021; 12:402-416. [PMID: 34210166 PMCID: PMC7612846 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffusion MRI allows non-invasive assessment of white matter connectivity in typical development and of changes due to brain injury or pathology. Probabilistic white matter atlases allow diffusion metrics to be measured in specific white matter pathways, and are a critical component in spatial normalisation for group analysis. However, given the known developmental changes in white matter it may be sub-optimal to use an adult template when assessing data acquired from children. Methods By averaging subject-specific fibre bundles from 28 children aged from 6 to 8 years, we created an age-specific probabilistic white matter atlas for 12 major white matter tracts. Using both the newly developed and Johns Hopkins adult atlases, we compared the atlas to subject-specific fibre bundles in two independent validation cohorts, assessing accuracy in terms of volumetric overlap and measured diffusion metrics. Results Our age-specific atlas gave better overall performance than the adult atlas, achieving higher volumetric overlap with subject-specific fibre tracking and higher correlation of FA measurements with those measured from subject-specific fibre bundles. Specifically, estimates of FA values for cortico-spinal tract, uncinate fasciculus, forceps minor, cingulate gyrus part of the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiation were all significantly more accurate when estimated with an age-specific atlas. Discussion The age-specific atlas allows delineation of white matter tracts in children aged 6-8 years, without the need for tractography, more accurately than when normalising to an adult atlas. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available probabilistic atlas of white matter tracts for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur P C Spencer
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hollie Byrne
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lee-Kelland
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Jary
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frances M Cowan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ela Chakkarapani
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C W Brooks
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Rasulo S, Vilhelmsen K, van der Weel FRR, van der Meer ALH. Development of motion speed perception from infancy to early adulthood: a high-density EEG study of simulated forward motion through optic flow. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3143-3154. [PMID: 34420060 PMCID: PMC8536648 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated evoked and oscillatory brain activity in response to forward visual motion at three different ecologically valid speeds, simulated through an optic flow pattern consisting of a virtual road with moving poles at either side of it. Participants were prelocomotor infants at 4–5 months, crawling infants at 9–11 months, primary school children at 6 years, adolescents at 12 years, and young adults. N2 latencies for motion decreased significantly with age from around 400 ms in prelocomotor infants to 325 ms in crawling infants, and from 300 and 275 ms in 6- and 12-year-olds, respectively, to 250 ms in adults. Infants at 4–5 months displayed the longest latencies and appeared unable to differentiate between motion speeds. In contrast, crawling infants at 9–11 months and 6-year-old children differentiated between low, medium and high speeds, with shortest latency for low speed. Adolescents and adults displayed similar short latencies for the three motion speeds, indicating that they perceived them as equally easy to detect. Time–frequency analyses indicated that with increasing age, participants showed a progression from low- to high-frequency desynchronized oscillatory brain activity in response to visual motion. The developmental differences in motion speed perception are interpreted in terms of a combination of neurobiological development and increased experience with self-produced locomotion. Our findings suggest that motion speed perception is not fully developed until adolescence, which has implications for children’s road traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rasulo
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth Vilhelmsen
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - F R Ruud van der Weel
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audrey L H van der Meer
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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55
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Sung D, Park B, Kim B, Kim H, Jung KI, Lee SY, Kim BN, Park S, Park MH. Gray Matter Volume in the Developing Frontal Lobe and Its Relationship With Executive Function in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Community-Based Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:686174. [PMID: 34326786 PMCID: PMC8313766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.686174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During late childhood and adolescence, the frontal lobe undergoes critical developmental changes, affecting a wide range of executive functions significantly. Conversely, abnormality in the maturation of the frontal lobe during this period may result in a limited ability to effectively use various executive functions. However, at present, it is still unclear how the structural development of the frontal lobe is associated with different aspects of executive functions during this developmental period. To fill the gap in evidence, we aimed to elucidate gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal lobe and its relationship with multiple aspects of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence. Methods: We recruited our participants aged between 6 and 17 years to assess GMV in the frontal lobe and its relationship with different domains of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence. We used the voxel-based morphometry-DARTEL procedure to measure GMVs in multiple frontal sub-regions and Stroop test and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) to measure executive functions. We then conducted partial correlation analyses and performed multiple comparisons with different age and sex groups. Results: Overall, 123 participants took part in our study. We found that many regional GMVs in the frontal lobe were negatively correlated with ATA scores in participants in late childhood and positively correlated with ATA scores in participants in adolescence. Only a few correlations of the GMVs with Stroop test scores were significant in both age groups. Although most of our results did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction (i.e., FDR <0.2), considering their novelty, we discussed our results based on uncorrected p-values. Our findings indicate that the frontal sub-regions that were involved in attentional networks may significantly improve during late childhood and become stabilized later in adolescence. Moreover, our findings with the Stroop test may also present the possibility of the later maturation of higher-order executive functioning skills. Conclusion: Although our findings were based on uncorrected p-values, the novelty of our findings may provide better insights into elucidating the maturation of the frontal lobe and its relationship with the development of attention networks in late childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Zilli T, Dolcemascolo V, Passone E, Maieron M, De Colle MC, Skrap M, Ius T, Liguoro I, Venchiarutti M, Cogo P, Tomasino B. A multimodal approach to the study of children treated for posterior fossa tumor: A review of the literature and a pilot study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106819. [PMID: 34274656 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were: (1) to review the literature on long-lasting cognitive sequelae in children treated for Posterior Fossa Tumor and (2) to investigate anatomic functional relations in a case series of 7 children treated for PFT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) post-processing methods. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed MRIs of children who underwent complete surgical resection of PFT and performed extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Tumor, ventricular volumes, and VPS insertion site were drawn on T1 volumetric MRI scans and normalized to a pediatric template. Children showed worse performances on tasks tapping executive functions, memory, visuo-motor precision, and expressive language. RESULTS Volumes of interest related to these functions showed a maximum overlap on the left vermis and the lateral ventricle enlargement, except for impaired narrative fluency -which was associated with left lateral ventricle enlargement- and narrative memory -which was related to the right vermis and the enlarged fourth ventricle. CONCLUSION Results suggest that anatomic functional relations in children treated for PFT are related to a combination of different pathophysiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Zilli
- Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea, Via della Bontà n. 7, 33078 San Vito al Tagliamento, PN, Italy.
| | - Valentina Dolcemascolo
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Eva Passone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Colle
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Ilaria Liguoro
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Martina Venchiarutti
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Italy
| | - Paola Cogo
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia 15, 33100, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea, Via della Bontà n. 7, 33078 San Vito al Tagliamento, PN, Italy
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Fu X, Richards JE. Investigating developmental changes in scalp-to-cortex correspondence using diffuse optical tomography sensitivity in infancy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:035003. [PMID: 34322572 PMCID: PMC8305752 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.3.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) uses near-infrared light spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of NIRS data require accurate descriptions of the cranio-cerebral relations and DOT sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development. Aim: We aim to investigate age-related differences in scalp-to-cortex distance and mapping between scalp locations and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) among infants (2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins), children (4 and 12 years), and adults (20 to 24 years). Approach: We used spatial scalp projection and photon propagation simulation methods with age-matched realistic head models based on MRIs. Results: There were age-group differences in the scalp-to-cortex distances in infancy. The developmental increase was magnified in children and adults. There were systematic age-related differences in the probabilistic mappings between scalp locations and cortical ROIs. Conclusions: Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and making anatomical interpretations in NIRS and fNIRS research. Age-appropriate, realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone DOT data in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - John E. Richards
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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58
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Fu X, Richards JE. Age-related changes in diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in infancy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252036. [PMID: 34101747 PMCID: PMC8186805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography uses near-infrared light spectroscopy to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of the location that generates the hemodynamic signal requires accurate descriptions of diffuse optical tomography sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development. The present study used photon propagation simulation methods to examine diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in realistic head models among infants ranging from 2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins, children (4 and 12 years) and adults (20 to 24 years). The sensitivity profiles changed systematically with the source-detector separation distance. The peak of the sensitivity function in the head was largest at the smallest separation distance and decreased as separation distance increased. The fluence value dissipated more quickly with sampling depth at the shorter source-detector separations than the longer separation distances. There were age-related differences in the shape and variance of sensitivity profiles across a wide range of source-detector separation distances. Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and diffuse optical tomography image reconstruction in (functional) near-infrared light spectroscopy research. Age-appropriate realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone near-infrared light spectroscopy data in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - John E. Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
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59
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McCann H, Beltrachini L. Does participant's age impact on tDCS induced fields? Insights from computational simulations. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34038881 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the induced current flow from transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is essential for determining the optimal dose and treatment. Head tissue conductivities play a key role in the resulting electromagnetic fields. However, there exists a complicated relationship between skull conductivity and participant age, that remains unclear. We explored how variations in skull electrical conductivities, particularly as a suggested function of age, affected tDCS induced electric fields.Approach: Simulations were employed to compare tDCS outcomes for different intensities across head atlases of varying age. Three databases were chosen to demonstrate differing variability in skull conductivity with age and how this may affect induced fields. Differences in tDCS electric fields due to proposed age-dependent skull conductivity variation, as well as deviations in grey matter, white matter and scalp, were compared and the most influential tissues determined.Main results: tDCS induced peak electric fields significantly negatively correlated with age, exacerbated by employing proposed age-appropriate skull conductivity (according to all three datasets). Uncertainty in skull conductivity was the most sensitive to changes in peak fields with increasing age. These results were revealed to be directly due to changing skull conductivity, rather than head geometry alone. There was no correlation between tDCS focality and age.Significance: Accurate and individualised head anatomy andin vivoskull conductivity measurements are essential for modelling tDCS induced fields. In particular, age should be taken into account when considering stimulation dose to precisely predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McCann
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Beltrachini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
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60
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Salehinejad MA, Paknia N, Hosseinpour AH, Yavari F, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Nejati V. Contribution of the right temporoparietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to theory of mind in autism: A randomized, sham-controlled tDCS study. Autism Res 2021; 14:1572-1584. [PMID: 34018333 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute subjective mental states to oneself and others and is significantly impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A frontal-posterior network of regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is involved in ToM. Previous studies show an underactivation of these regions in ASD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation method for causally investigating brain-behavior relationships via induction of cortical excitability alterations. tDCS, mostly over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, has been increasingly applied for improving behavioral problems in ASD leaving other potentially interesting regions untouched. Here we investigated contribution of the vmPFC and right TPJ in ToM abilities of ASD children via tDCS in a pilot study. Sixteen children with ASD (mean age = 10.7 ± 1.9) underwent three tDCS sessions (1 mA, 20 min) in a randomized, sham-controlled design. Stimulation protocols included: (a) anodal vmPFC tDCS, (b) anodal r-TPJ tDCS, and (c) sham tDCS. ToM abilities were explored during tDCS using the theory of mind test (TOMT). Our results show that activation of the vmPFC with anodal tDCS significantly improved ToM in children with ASD compared with both, r-TPJ tDCS, and sham stimulation. Specifically, precursors of ToM (e.g., emotion recognition, perception, and imitation) and elementary ToM skills (e.g., first-order mental state reasoning) were significantly improved by anodal vmPFC tDCS. Based on these results, the vmPFC could be a potential target region for the reduction of ASD symptoms via noninvasive brain stimulation, which should be examined in larger detail in future studies. LAY SUMMARY: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to infer mental states of oneself and others, which is impaired in autism. Brain imaging studies have shown involvement of two brain regions in ToM (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction) which are underactivated in autism. We increased activation of these regions via noninvasive brain stimulation in this experiment to see how it would affect ToM abilities in autism. We found that increased activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex improved ToM abilities in children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nasim Paknia
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hosseinpour
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Universita' di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany.,University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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61
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Collins-Jones LH, Cooper RJ, Bulgarelli C, Blasi A, Katus L, McCann S, Mason L, Mbye E, Touray E, Ceesay M, Moore SE, Lloyd-Fox S, Elwell CE. Longitudinal infant fNIRS channel-space analyses are robust to variability parameters at the group-level: An image reconstruction investigation. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118068. [PMID: 33915275 PMCID: PMC8285580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First investigation of validity of longitudinal infant channel-space fNIRS analysis. Novel image reconstruction analysis conducted. Variability in array position is dominant factor driving different inferences. Channel-space fNIRS analyses robust to implicit assumptions at group-level. Hope to encourage more widespread use of image reconstruction in infant analyses.
The first 1000 days from conception to two-years of age are a critical period in brain development, and there is an increasing drive for developing technologies to help advance our understanding of neurodevelopmental processes during this time. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has enabled longitudinal infant brain function to be studied in a multitude of settings. Conventional fNIRS analyses tend to occur in the channel-space, where data from equivalent channels across individuals are combined, which implicitly assumes that head size and source-detector positions (i.e. array position) on the scalp are constant across individuals. The validity of such assumptions in longitudinal infant fNIRS analyses, where head growth is most rapid, has not previously been investigated. We employed an image reconstruction approach to analyse fNIRS data collected from a longitudinal cohort of infants in The Gambia aged 5- to 12-months. This enabled us to investigate the effect of variability in both head size and array position on the anatomical and statistical inferences drawn from the data at both the group- and the individual-level. We also sought to investigate the impact of group size on inferences drawn from the data. We found that variability in array position was the driving factor between differing inferences drawn from the data at both the individual- and group-level, but its effect was weakened as group size increased towards the full cohort size (N = 53 at 5-months, N = 40 at 8-months and N = 45 at 12-months). We conclude that, at the group sizes in our dataset, group-level channel-space analysis of longitudinal infant fNIRS data is robust to assumptions about head size and array position given the variability in these parameters in our dataset. These findings support a more widespread use of image reconstruction techniques in longitudinal infant fNIRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam H Collins-Jones
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Robert J Cooper
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chiara Bulgarelli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura Katus
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha McCann
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Mason
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Ebrima Mbye
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Ebou Touray
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Mohammed Ceesay
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Kings College London, London, UK; MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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62
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Granados Barbero R, De Vos A, Wouters J. The identification of predominant auditory steady-state response brain sources in electroencephalography using denoising source separation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3688-3709. [PMID: 33811405 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Different approaches have been used to extract auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) from electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, including region-related electrode configurations (electrode level) and the manual placement of equivalent current dipoles (source level). Inherent limitations of these approaches are the assumption of the anatomical origin and the omission of activity generated by secondary sources. Data-driven methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) seem to avoid these limitations but only to face new others such as the presence of ASSRs with similar properties in different components and the manual selection protocol to select and classify the most relevant components carrying ASSRs. We propose the novel approach of applying a spatial filter to these components in order to extract the most relevant information. We aimed to develop a method based on the reproducibility across trials that performs reliably in low-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios using denoising source separation (DSS). DSS combined with ICA successfully reduced the number of components and extracted the most relevant ASSR at 4, 10 and 20 Hz stimulation in group and individual level studies of EEG adolescent data. The anatomical brain location for these low stimulation frequencies showed results in cortical areas with relatively small dispersion. However, for 40 and 80 Hz, results with regard to the number of components and the anatomical origin were less clear. At all stimulation frequencies the outcome measures were consistent with literature, and the partial rejection of inter-subject variability led to more accurate results and higher SNRs. These findings are promising for future applications in group comparison involving pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Granados Barbero
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid De Vos
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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63
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Blanco B, Molnar M, Carreiras M, Collins-Jones LH, Vidal E, Cooper RJ, Caballero-Gaudes C. Group-level cortical functional connectivity patterns using fNIRS: assessing the effect of bilingualism in young infants. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025011. [PMID: 34136588 PMCID: PMC8200331 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Early monolingual versus bilingual experience induces adaptations in the development of linguistic and cognitive processes, and it modulates functional activation patterns during the first months of life. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a convenient approach to study the functional organization of the infant brain. RSFC can be measured in infants during natural sleep, and it allows to simultaneously investigate various functional systems. Adaptations have been observed in RSFC due to a lifelong bilingual experience. Investigating whether bilingualism-induced adaptations in RSFC begin to emerge early in development has important implications for our understanding of how the infant brain's organization can be shaped by early environmental factors. Aims: We attempt to describe RSFC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and to examine whether it adapts to early monolingual versus bilingual environments. We also present an fNIRS data preprocessing and analysis pipeline that can be used to reliably characterize RSFC in development and to reduce false positives and flawed results interpretations. Methods: We measured spontaneous hemodynamic brain activity in a large cohort ( N = 99 ) of 4-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants using fNIRS. We implemented group-level approaches based on independent component analysis to examine RSFC, while providing proper control for physiological confounds and multiple comparisons. Results: At the group level, we describe the functional organization of the 4-month-old infant brain in large-scale cortical networks. Unbiased group-level comparisons revealed no differences in RSFC between monolingual and bilingual infants at this age. Conclusions: High-quality fNIRS data provide a means to reliably describe RSFC patterns in the infant brain. The proposed group-level RSFC analyses allow to assess differences in RSFC across experimental conditions. An effect of early bilingual experience in RSFC was not observed, suggesting that adaptations might only emerge during explicit linguistic tasks, or at a later point in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Blanco
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Molnar
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Carreiras
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liam H. Collins-Jones
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Vidal
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
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64
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Forbes SH, Wijeakumar S, Eggebrecht AT, Magnotta VA, Spencer JP. Processing pipeline for image reconstructed fNIRS analysis using both MRI templates and individual anatomy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025010. [PMID: 35106319 PMCID: PMC8786393 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Image reconstruction of fNIRS data is a useful technique for transforming channel-based fNIRS into a volumetric representation and managing spatial variance based on optode location. We present an innovative integrated pipeline for image reconstruction of fNIRS data using either MRI templates or individual anatomy. Aim: We demonstrate a pipeline with accompanying code to allow users to clean and prepare optode location information, prepare and standardize individual anatomical images, create the light model, run the 3D image reconstruction, and analyze data in group space. Approach: We synthesize a combination of new and existing software packages to create a complete pipeline, from raw data to analysis. Results: This pipeline has been tested using both templates and individual anatomy, and on data from different fNIRS data collection systems. We show high temporal correlations between channel-based and image-based fNIRS data. In addition, we demonstrate the reliability of this pipeline with a sample dataset that included 74 children as part of a longitudinal study taking place in Scotland. We demonstrate good correspondence between data in channel space and image reconstructed data. Conclusions: The pipeline presented here makes a unique contribution by integrating multiple tools to assemble a complete pipeline for image reconstruction in fNIRS. We highlight further issues that may be of interest to future software developers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Forbes
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - John P. Spencer
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, Norwich, United Kingdom
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65
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Hao L, Li L, Chen M, Xu J, Jiang M, Wang Y, Jiang L, Chen X, Qiu J, Tan S, Gao JH, He Y, Tao S, Dong Q, Qin S. Mapping Domain- and Age-Specific Functional Brain Activity for Children's Cognitive and Affective Development. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:763-776. [PMID: 33743125 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood, with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions. Mapping domain- and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children's cognitive and affective functions. The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus is not ideal for mapping children's cognitive and affective brain development. By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children (aged 7 to 12) across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow, we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains: attention, executive function, emotion, and risky decision-making. Moreover, we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs. This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website ( http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa ). Our study provides domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Menglu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Linhua Jiang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Key Laboratory of Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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66
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O'Reilly C, Larson E, Richards JE, Elsabbagh M. Structural templates for imaging EEG cortical sources in infants. Neuroimage 2021; 227:117682. [PMID: 33359339 PMCID: PMC7901726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) source reconstruction is a powerful approach that allows anatomical localization of electrophysiological brain activity. Algorithms used to estimate cortical sources require an anatomical model of the head and the brain, generally reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When such scans are unavailable, a population average can be used for adults, but no average surface template is available for cortical source imaging in infants. To address this issue, we introduce a new series of 13 anatomical models for subjects between zero and 24 months of age. These templates are built from MRI averages and boundary element method (BEM) segmentation of head tissues available as part of the Neurodevelopmental MRI Database. Surfaces separating the pia mater, the gray matter, and the white matter were estimated using the Infant FreeSurfer pipeline. The surface of the skin as well as the outer and inner skull surfaces were extracted using a cube marching algorithm followed by Laplacian smoothing and mesh decimation. We post-processed these meshes to correct topological errors and ensure watertight meshes. Source reconstruction with these templates is demonstrated and validated using 100 high-density EEG recordings from 7-month-old infants. Hopefully, these templates will support future studies on EEG-based neuroimaging and functional connectivity in healthy infants as well as in clinical pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O'Reilly
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Room C18, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Eric Larson
- Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Room C18, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
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67
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Bidelman GM, Pearson C, Harrison A. Lexical Influences on Categorical Speech Perception Are Driven by a Temporoparietal Circuit. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:840-852. [PMID: 33464162 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Categorical judgments of otherwise identical phonemes are biased toward hearing words (i.e., "Ganong effect") suggesting lexical context influences perception of even basic speech primitives. Lexical biasing could manifest via late stage postperceptual mechanisms related to decision or, alternatively, top-down linguistic inference that acts on early perceptual coding. Here, we exploited the temporal sensitivity of EEG to resolve the spatiotemporal dynamics of these context-related influences on speech categorization. Listeners rapidly classified sounds from a /gɪ/-/kɪ/ gradient presented in opposing word-nonword contexts (GIFT-kift vs. giss-KISS), designed to bias perception toward lexical items. Phonetic perception shifted toward the direction of words, establishing a robust Ganong effect behaviorally. ERPs revealed a neural analog of lexical biasing emerging within ~200 msec. Source analyses uncovered a distributed neural network supporting the Ganong including middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, and middle frontal cortex. Yet, among Ganong-sensitive regions, only left middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe predicted behavioral susceptibility to lexical influence. Our findings confirm lexical status rapidly constrains sublexical categorical representations for speech within several hundred milliseconds but likely does so outside the purview of canonical auditory-sensory brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Bidelman
- University of Memphis, TN.,University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
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68
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Weyandt LL, Clarkin CM, Holding EZ, May SE, Marraccini ME, Gudmundsdottir BG, Shepard E, Thompson L. Neuroplasticity in children and adolescents in response to treatment intervention: A systematic review of the literature. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2514183x20974231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, regarding evidence of neuroplasticity in children and adolescents in response to cognitive or sensory-motor interventions. Twenty-eight studies employing seven different types of neuroimaging techniques were included in the review. Findings revealed that significant variability existed across the 28 studies with regard to the clinical populations examined, type of interventions employed, neuroimaging methods, and the type of neuroimaging data included in the studies. Overall, results supported that experience-dependent interventions were associated with neuroplastic changes among children and adolescents in both neurotypical and clinical populations. However, it remains unclear whether these molecular neuroplastic changes, including the degree and direction of those differences, were the direct result of the intervention. Although the findings are encouraging, methodological limitations of the studies limit clinical utility of the results. Future studies are warranted that rigorously define the construct of neuroplasticity, establish consistent protocols across measurement techniques, and have adequate statistical power. Lastly, studies are needed to identify the functional and structural neuroplastic mechanisms that correspond with changes in cognition and behavior in child and adolescent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Weyandt
- Department of Psychology, Director Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Christine M Clarkin
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Graduate School, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Z Holding
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon E May
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Graduate School, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Marisa E Marraccini
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Emily Shepard
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lauren Thompson
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Graduate School, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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69
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Galaris E, Gallos I, Myatchin I, Lagae L, Siettos C. Electroencephalography source localization analysis in epileptic children during a visual working-memory task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3404. [PMID: 33029905 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We localize the sources of brain activity of children with epilepsy based on electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings acquired during a visual discrimination working memory task. For the numerical solution of the inverse problem, with the aid of age-specific MRI scans processed from a publicly available database, we use and compare three regularization numerical methods, namely the standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), the weighted minimum norm estimation (wMNE) and the dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM). We show that all three methods provide the same spatio-temporal patterns of differences between the groups of epileptic and control children. In particular, our analysis reveals statistically significant differences between the two groups in regions of the parietal cortex indicating that these may serve as "biomarkers" for diagnostic purposes and ultimately localized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Galaris
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni "Renato Caccioppoli", Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ioannis Gallos
- School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivan Myatchin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sint-Trudo Regional Hospital, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Paediatric Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinos Siettos
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni "Renato Caccioppoli", Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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70
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Carlson HL, Craig BT, Hilderley AJ, Hodge J, Rajashekar D, Mouches P, Forkert ND, Kirton A. Structural and functional connectivity of motor circuits after perinatal stroke: A machine learning study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102508. [PMID: 33395997 PMCID: PMC7704459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Developmental neuroplasticity allows young brains to adapt via experiences early in life and also to compensate after injury. Why certain individuals are more adaptable remains underexplored. Perinatal stroke is an ideal human model of neuroplasticity with focal lesions acquired near birth in a healthy brain. Machine learning can identify complex patterns in multi-dimensional datasets. We used machine learning to identify structural and functional connectivity biomarkers most predictive of motor function. Forty-nine children with perinatal stroke and 27 controls were studied. Functional connectivity was quantified by fluctuations in blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal between regions. White matter tractography of corticospinal tracts quantified structural connectivity. Motor function was assessed using validated bimanual and unimanual tests. RELIEFF feature selection and random forest regression models identified predictors of each motor outcome using neuroimaging and demographic features. Unilateral motor outcomes were predicted with highest accuracy (8/54 features r = 0.58, 11/54 features, r = 0.34) but bimanual function required more features (51/54 features, r = 0.38). Connectivity of both hemispheres had important roles as did cortical and subcortical regions. Lesion size, age at scan, and type of stroke were predictive but not highly ranked. Machine learning regression models may represent a powerful tool in identifying neuroimaging biomarkers associated with clinical motor function in perinatal stroke and may inform personalized targets for neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Brandon T Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alicia J Hilderley
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacquie Hodge
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deepthi Rajashekar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pauline Mouches
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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71
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Bayet L, Perdue KL, Behrendt HF, Richards JE, Westerlund A, Cataldo JK, Nelson CA. Neural responses to happy, fearful and angry faces of varying identities in 5- and 7-month-old infants. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 47:100882. [PMID: 33246304 PMCID: PMC7695867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
fNIRS and looking responses to emotional faces were measured in 5- and 7-month-olds. Emotional faces had varying identities within happy, angry, and fearful blocks. Temporo-parietal and frontal activations were observed, particularly to happy faces. Infants looked longer to the mouth region of angry faces. No difference in behavior or neural activity observed between 5- and 7-month-olds.
The processing of facial emotion is an important social skill that develops throughout infancy and early childhood. Here we investigate the neural underpinnings of the ability to process facial emotion across changes in facial identity in cross-sectional groups of 5- and 7-month-old infants. We simultaneously measured neural metabolic, behavioral, and autonomic responses to happy, fearful, and angry faces of different female models using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), eye-tracking, and heart rate measures. We observed significant neural activation to these facial emotions in a distributed set of frontal and temporal brain regions, and longer looking to the mouth region of angry faces compared to happy and fearful faces. No differences in looking behavior or neural activations were observed between 5- and 7-month-olds, although several exploratory, age-independent associations between neural activations and looking behavior were noted. Overall, these findings suggest more developmental stability than previously thought in responses to emotional facial expressions of varying identities between 5- and 7-months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Bayet
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Perdue
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah F Behrendt
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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72
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Ludyga S, Möhring W, Budde H, Hirt N, Pühse U, Gerber M. Neurocognitive processes mediate the relation between children's motor skills, cardiorespiratory fitness and response inhibition: Evidence from source imaging. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13716. [PMID: 33128487 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an association between outcomes of sports participation, such as motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness, and aspects of inhibitory control in children. However, it remains unclear if motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to different source activity patterns and if neurophysiological indices of response inhibition mediate the relation of these constructs with behavioral performance. We examined the relative contributions of motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness to response inhibition and a potential mediation by the neurocognitive processes indexed by the N200 and P300 components of event-related potentials. About 92 children aged 9-13 years completed the Movement ABC-2, the PWC170 and a Go/NoGo task. We employed electroencephalography (EEG) to record the N200 and P300 components elicited by the task, which are considered to reflect conflict monitoring and the allocation of attentional resources toward task-relevant stimuli, respectively. Path-anlayses revealed a moderate association between motor skills and behavioral performance on the Go/NoGo task. This association was fully mediated by the P300 amplitude in the NoGo condition. In contrast, cardiorespiratory fitness was not related to behavioral performance, but accounted for variance in N200. Source analyses supported an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and N200 source activity in prefrontal and primary motor cortex, whereas motor skills were related to P300 source activity in the posterior cingulate cortex. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the relation between motor skills and response inhibition. Moreover, we found that the neural generators of the P300 and N200 varied as a function of children's cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wenke Möhring
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nick Hirt
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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73
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Frijia EM, Billing A, Lloyd-Fox S, Vidal Rosas E, Collins-Jones L, Crespo-Llado MM, Amadó MP, Austin T, Edwards A, Dunne L, Smith G, Nixon-Hill R, Powell S, Everdell NL, Cooper RJ. Functional imaging of the developing brain with wearable high-density diffuse optical tomography: A new benchmark for infant neuroimaging outside the scanner environment. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117490. [PMID: 33157266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of cortical function in the awake infant are extremely challenging to undertake with traditional neuroimaging approaches. Partly in response to this challenge, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become increasingly common in developmental neuroscience, but has significant limitations including resolution, spatial specificity and ergonomics. In adults, high-density arrays of near-infrared sources and detectors have recently been shown to yield dramatic improvements in spatial resolution and specificity when compared to typical fNIRS approaches. However, most existing fNIRS devices only permit the acquisition of ~20-100 sparsely distributed fNIRS channels, and increasing the number of optodes presents significant mechanical challenges, particularly for infant applications. A new generation of wearable, modular, high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) technologies has recently emerged that overcomes many of the limitations of traditional, fibre-based and low-density fNIRS measurements. Driven by the development of this new technology, we have undertaken the first study of the infant brain using wearable HD-DOT. Using a well-established social stimulus paradigm, and combining this new imaging technology with advances in cap design and spatial registration, we show that it is now possible to obtain high-quality, functional images of the infant brain with minimal constraints on either the environment or on the infant participants. Our results are consistent with prior low-density fNIRS measures based on similar paradigms, but demonstrate superior spatial localization, improved depth specificity, higher SNR and a dramatic improvement in the consistency of the responses across participants. Our data retention rates also demonstrate that this new generation of wearable technology is well tolerated by the infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maria Frijia
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; neoLAB, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Addison Billing
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Cambridge Babylab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, United Kingdom; Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Vidal Rosas
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Collins-Jones
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; neoLAB, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Magdalena Crespo-Llado
- Cambridge Babylab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, United Kingdom; Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Perapoch Amadó
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Topun Austin
- neoLAB, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Edwards
- neoLAB, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Dunne
- Gowerlabs Ltd., Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Smith
- Gowerlabs Ltd., Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Nixon-Hill
- Gowerlabs Ltd., Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Powell
- Gowerlabs Ltd., Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas L Everdell
- Gowerlabs Ltd., Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Cooper
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; neoLAB, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
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74
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Collins-Jones LH, Arichi T, Poppe T, Billing A, Xiao J, Fabrizi L, Brigadoi S, Hebden JC, Elwell CE, Cooper RJ. Construction and validation of a database of head models for functional imaging of the neonatal brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:567-586. [PMID: 33068482 PMCID: PMC7814762 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes over the last trimester of gestation. The accuracy of source localisation of brain activity recorded from the scalp therefore relies on accurate age-specific head models. Although an age-appropriate population-level atlas could be used, detail is lost in the construction of such atlases, in particular with regard to the smoothing of the cortical surface, and so such a model is not representative of anatomy at an individual level. In this work, we describe the construction of a database of individual structural priors of the neonatal head using 215 individual-level datasets at ages 29-44 weeks postmenstrual age from the Developing Human Connectome Project. We have validated a method to segment the extra-cerebral tissue against manual segmentation. We have also conducted a leave-one-out analysis to quantify the expected spatial error incurred with regard to localising functional activation when using a best-matching individual from the database in place of a subject-specific model; the median error was calculated to be 8.3 mm (median absolute deviation 3.8 mm). The database can be applied for any functional neuroimaging modality which requires structural data whereby the physical parameters associated with that modality vary with tissue type and is freely available at www.ucl.ac.uk/dot-hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam H Collins-Jones
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tanya Poppe
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Addison Billing
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeremy C Hebden
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare E Elwell
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Cooper
- DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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75
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Rauscher M, Yavari F, Batsikadze G, Ludolph N, Ilg W, Nitsche MA, Timmann D, Steiner KM. Lack of cerebellar tDCS effects on learning of a complex whole body dynamic balance task in middle-aged (50-65 years) adults. Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2:38. [PMID: 33324938 PMCID: PMC7650141 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely considered as a promising non-invasive tool to foster motor performance and learning in health and disease. The results of previous studies, however, are inconsistent. Our group failed to provide evidence for an effect of cerebellar tDCS on learning of a complex whole body dynamic balance task in young and healthy participants. Ceiling effects in the young study population are one possible explanation for the negative findings. Methods In the present study, we therefore tested 40 middle-aged healthy participants between the ages of 50 to 65 years. Participants received either anodal or sham cerebellar tDCS using a double-blinded study design while performing a balance task on a Lafayette Instrument 16,030 stability platform®. Mean platform angle and mean balance time were assessed as outcome measures. Results Significant learning effects were found in all participants. Balancing performance and learning rate was significantly less in the group of middle-aged adults compared to our previous group of young adults. No significant effects of cerebellar tDCS were observed. Conclusions Our findings are in line with other studies that have failed to prove robust effects of cerebellar tDCS on motor learning. The present findings, however, do not exclude cerebellar tDCS effects. tDCS effects may be more prominent after repeated stimulation, using other stimulus parameters, in patient populations, or in other motor learning tasks. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rauscher
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - F Yavari
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - N Ludolph
- Cognitive Neurology, Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Ilg
- Cognitive Neurology, Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - K M Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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76
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Lee WJ, Jung KH, Ryu YJ, Lee ST, Park KI, Chu K, Kim M, Lee SK, Roh JK. Echocardiographic index E/e' in association with cerebral white matter hyperintensity progression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236473. [PMID: 32716979 PMCID: PMC7384642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI is associated with reduced compliance of the cerebral arterioles. We hypothesized that an echocardiography index for left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, E/e', might reflect the cerebral arteriolar compliance and evaluated the association between E/e' and long-term progression rate of the cerebral WMH volume. This retrospective study included individuals who were ≥ 50 years of age, with a preserved LV ejection fraction (≥ 50%) and neurological function status (modified Rankin scale score ≤1), and underwent initial and follow-up MRI evaluations within intervals of 34-45 months. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography markers such as ejection fraction, LV mass index, and E/e' were obtained. WMH volume progression rate between the baseline and follow-up MRIs was designated as the outcome factor. 392 individuals (57.1% men; mean age: 66.7±8.4 years) were followed-up for 38.2±3.4 months. The mean WMH volume progression rate was 1.35±2.65 mL/year. The log-transformed value of WMH volume progression rate was linearly associated with the log-transformed E/e' (B coefficient = 0.365; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.180-0.551; P = 0.001), along with the log-transformed values of baseline WMH volume (B = 0.142; 95% CI 0.106-0.179; P<0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (B = -0.182; 95% CI -0.321-0.044; P = 0.010). Additionally, a subgroup with an E/e' ≥15 exhibited a significantly higher WMH progression rate compared to the subgroups with lower E/e' values (P<0.001), especially in the lower quartiles (quartiles 1 and 2) of the baseline WMH volume. We concluded that echocardiographic marker E/e' is associated with the long-term progression rate of cerebral WMHs in population with preserved LV systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young Jin Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Roh
- Department of Neurology, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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77
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Jaffe-Dax S, Bermano AH, Erel Y, Emberson LL. Video-based motion-resilient reconstruction of three-dimensional position for functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography head mounted probes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035001. [PMID: 32704521 PMCID: PMC7370942 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: We propose a video-based, motion-resilient, and fast method for estimating the position of optodes on the scalp. Aim: Measuring the exact placement of probes (e.g., electrodes and optodes) on a participant's head is a notoriously difficult step in acquiring neuroimaging data from methods that rely on scalp recordings (e.g., electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy) and is particularly difficult for any clinical or developmental population. Existing methods of head measurements require the participant to remain still for a lengthy period of time, are laborious, and require extensive training. Therefore, a fast and motion-resilient method is required for estimating the scalp location of probes. Approach: We propose an innovative video-based method for estimating the probes' positions relative to the participant's head, which is fast, motion-resilient, and automatic. Our method builds on capitalizing the advantages and understanding the limitations of cutting-edge computer vision and machine learning tools. We validate our method on 10 adult subjects and provide proof of feasibility with infant subjects. Results: We show that our method is both reliable and valid compared to existing state-of-the-art methods by estimating probe positions in a single measurement and by tracking their translation and consistency across sessions. Finally, we show that our automatic method is able to estimate the position of probes on an infant head without lengthy offline procedures, a task that has been considered challenging until now. Conclusions: Our proposed method allows, for the first time, the use of automated spatial co-registration methods on developmental and clinical populations, where lengthy, motion-sensitive measurement methods routinely fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Jaffe-Dax
- Princeton University, Psychology Department, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
| | - Amit H. Bermano
- Princeton University, Computer Science Department, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Tel-Aviv University, School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yotam Erel
- Tel-Aviv University, School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lauren L. Emberson
- Princeton University, Psychology Department, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
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78
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Yang G, Bozek J, Han M, Gao J. Constructing and evaluating a cortical surface atlas and analyzing cortical sex differences in young Chinese adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2495-2513. [PMID: 32141680 PMCID: PMC7267952 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical surface templates are an important standardized coordinate frame for cortical structure and function analysis in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. The widely used adult cortical surface templates (e.g., fsaverage, Conte69, and the HCP-MMP atlas) are based on the Caucasian population. Neuroanatomical differences related to environmental and genetic factors between Chinese and Caucasian populations make these templates unideal for analysis of the cortex in the Chinese population. We used a multimodal surface matching algorithm in an iterative procedure to create Chinese (sCN200) and Caucasian (sUS200) cortical surface atlases based on 200 demographically matched high-quality T1- and T2-weighted (T1w and T2w, respectively) MR images from the Chinese Human Connectome Project (CHCP) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP), respectively. Templates for anatomical cortical surfaces (white matter, pial, midthickness) and cortical feature maps of sulcal depth, curvature, thickness, T1w/T2w myelin, and cortical labels were generated. Using independent subsets from the CHCP and the HCP, we quantified the accuracy of cortical registration when using population-matched and mismatched atlases. The performance of the cortical registration and accuracy of curvature alignment when using population-matched atlases was significantly improved, thereby demonstrating the importance of using the sCN200 cortical surface atlas for Chinese adult population studies. Finally, we analyzed female and male cortical differences within the Chinese and Caucasian populations. We identified significant between-sex differences in cortical curvature, sulcal depth, thickness, and T1w/T2w myelin maps in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insular lobes as well as the cingulate cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Yang
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and EngineeringInstitute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jelena Bozek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Meizhen Han
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and EngineeringInstitute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and EngineeringInstitute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
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79
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Delgado Reyes L, Wijeakumar S, Magnotta VA, Forbes SH, Spencer JP. The functional brain networks that underlie visual working memory in the first two years of life. Neuroimage 2020; 219:116971. [PMID: 32454208 PMCID: PMC7443700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a central cognitive system used to compare views of the world and detect changes in the local environment. This system undergoes dramatic development in the first two years; however, we know relatively little about the functional organization of VWM at the level of the brain. Here, we used image-based functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to test four hypotheses about the spatial organization of the VWM network in early development. Four-month-olds, 1-year-olds, and 2-year-olds completed a VWM task while we recorded neural activity from 19 cortical regions-of-interest identified from a meta-analysis of the adult fMRI literature on VWM. Results showed significant task-specific functional activation near 6 of 19 ROIs, revealing spatial consistency in the brain regions activated in our study and brain regions identified to be part of the VWM network in adult fMRI studies. Working memory related activation was centered on bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and left ventral occipital complex (VOC), while visual exploratory measures were associated with activation in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left TPJ, and bilateral IPS. Results show that a distributed brain network underlies functional changes in VWM in infancy, revealing new insights into the neural mechanisms that support infants’ improved ability to remember visual information and to detect changes in an on-going visual stream. A distributed brain network underlies functional changes in VWM in infancy and toddlerhood. This network shows robust engagement of similar brain regions identified in fMRI studies with adults as early as four months. Working memory related activation was centered on bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus, left temporoparietal junction, and left ventral occipital complex Visual exploratory measures were associated with activation in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus, and left temporoparietal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Delgado Reyes
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Previously Reward-Associated Stimuli Capture Spatial Attention in the Absence of Changes in the Corresponding Sensory Representations as Measured with MEG. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5033-5050. [PMID: 32366722 PMCID: PMC7314418 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1172-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of selective attention typically consider the role of task goals or physical salience, but attention can also be captured by previously reward-associated stimuli, even if they are currently task irrelevant. One theory underlying this value-driven attentional capture (VDAC) is that reward-associated stimulus representations undergo plasticity in sensory cortex, thereby automatically capturing attention during early processing. To test this, we used magnetoencephalography to probe whether stimulus location and identity representations in sensory cortex are modulated by reward learning. We furthermore investigated the time course of these neural effects, and their relationship to behavioral VDAC. Male and female human participants first learned stimulus-reward associations. Next, we measured VDAC in a separate task by presenting these stimuli in the absence of reward contingency and probing their effects on the processing of separate target stimuli presented at different time lags. Using time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis, we found that learned value modulated the spatial selection of previously rewarded stimuli in posterior visual and parietal cortex from ∼260 ms after stimulus onset. This value modulation was related to the strength of participants' behavioral VDAC effect and persisted into subsequent target processing. Importantly, learned value did not influence cortical signatures of early processing (i.e., earlier than ∼200 ms); nor did it influence the decodability of stimulus identity. Our results suggest that VDAC is underpinned by learned value signals that modulate spatial selection throughout posterior visual and parietal cortex. We further suggest that VDAC can occur in the absence of changes in early visual processing in cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Attention is our ability to focus on relevant information at the expense of irrelevant information. It can be affected by previously learned but currently irrelevant stimulus-reward associations, a phenomenon termed "value-driven attentional capture" (VDAC). The neural mechanisms underlying VDAC remain unclear. It has been speculated that reward learning induces visual cortical plasticity, which modulates early visual processing to capture attention. Although we find that learned value modulates spatial signals in visual cortical areas, an effect that correlates with VDAC, we find no relevant signatures of changes in early visual processing in cortex.
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81
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Conte S, Richards JE, Guy MW, Xie W, Roberts JE. Face-sensitive brain responses in the first year of life. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116602. [PMID: 32044434 PMCID: PMC7085434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical areas in the ventral visual pathway become selectively tuned towards the processing of faces compared to non-face stimuli beginning around 3 months of age and continuing over the first year. Studies using event-related potentials in the EEG (ERPs) have found an ERP component, the N290, that displays specificity for human faces. Other components, such as the P1, P400, and Nc have been studied to a lesser degree in their responsiveness to human faces. However, little is known about the systematic changes in the neural responses to faces during the first year of life, and the localization of these responses in infants' brain. We examined ERP responses to pictures of faces and objects in infants from 4.5 months through 12 months in a cross-sectional study. We investigated the activity of all the components reported to be involved in infant face processing, with particular interest to their amplitude variation and cortical localization. We identified neural regions responsible for the component through the application of cortical source localization methods. We found larger P1 and N290 responses to faces than objects, and these components were localized in the lingual and middle/posterior fusiform gyri, respectively. The amplitude of the P400 was not differentially sensitive to faces over objects. The Nc component was different for faces and objects, was influenced by the infant's attentional state, and localized in medial-anterior brain areas. The implications of these results are discussed in the identification of developmental ERP precursors to face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Maggie W Guy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, United States
| | - Wanze Xie
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States
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82
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Porto JA, Bick J, Perdue KL, Richards JE, Nunes ML, Nelson CA. The influence of maternal anxiety and depression symptoms on fNIRS brain responses to emotional faces in 5- and 7-month-old infants. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 59:101447. [PMID: 32305734 PMCID: PMC7255941 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Greater relative right (versus left) frontal cortical activation to emotional faces as measured with alpha power in the electroencephalogram (EEG), has been considered a promising neural marker of increased vulnerability to psychopathology and emotional disorders. We set out to explore multichannel fNIRS as a tool to investigate infants' frontal asymmetry responses (hypothesizing greater right versus left frontal cortex activation) to emotional faces as influenced by maternal anxiety and depression symptoms during the postnatal period. We also explored activation differences in fronto-temporal regions associated with facial emotion processing. Ninety-one typically developing 5- and 7-month-old infants were shown photographs of women portraying happy, fearful and angry expressions. Hemodynamic brain responses were analyzed over two frontopolar and seven bilateral cortical regions subdivided into frontal, temporal and parietal areas, defined by age-appropriate MRI templates. Infants of mothers reporting higher negative affect had greater oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) activation across all emotions over the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region implicated in emotional communication. Follow-up analyses indicated that associations were driven by maternal depression, but not anxiety symptoms. Overall, we found no support for greater right versus left frontal cortex activation in association with maternal negative affect. Findings point to the potential utility of fNIRS as a method for identifying altered neural substrates associated with exposure to maternal depression in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Porto
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine L Perdue
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Magda L Nunes
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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83
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Parcellation of the neonatal cortex using Surface-based Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain atlases (M-CRIB-S). Sci Rep 2020; 10:4359. [PMID: 32152381 PMCID: PMC7062836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies measuring changes in cortical morphology over time are best facilitated by parcellation schemes compatible across all life stages. The Melbourne Children’s Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) and M-CRIB 2.0 atlases provide voxel-based parcellations of the cerebral cortex compatible with the Desikan-Killiany (DK) and the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT) cortical labelling schemes. This study introduces surface-based versions of the M-CRIB and M-CRIB 2.0 atlases, termed M-CRIB-S(DK) and M-CRIB-S(DKT), with a pipeline for automated parcellation utilizing FreeSurfer and developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) tools. Using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of healthy neonates (n = 58), we created average spherical templates of cortical curvature and sulcal depth. Manually labelled regions in a subset (n = 10) were encoded into the spherical template space to construct M-CRIB-S(DK) and M-CRIB-S(DKT) atlases. Labelling accuracy was assessed using Dice overlap and boundary discrepancy measures with leave-one-out cross-validation. Cross-validated labelling accuracy was high for both atlases (average regional Dice = 0.79–0.83). Worst-case boundary discrepancy instances ranged from 9.96–10.22 mm, which appeared to be driven by variability in anatomy for some cases. The M-CRIB-S atlas data and automatic pipeline allow extraction of neonatal cortical surfaces labelled according to the DK or DKT parcellation schemes.
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84
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Sung D, Park B, Kim SY, Kim BN, Park S, Jung KI, Kim J, Park MH. Structural Alterations in Large-scale Brain Networks and Their Relationship with Sleep Disturbances in the Adolescent Population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3853. [PMID: 32123208 PMCID: PMC7051958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in adolescents, neuroimaging evidence on the effects of sleep disturbances on their developing brains remains limited. Therefore, we explored gray matter volumes (GMVs) at the whole-brain level and investigated their relationship to sleep disturbances in a sample of Korean adolescents in the general population. We recruited participants from one middle school and high school. All participants and their legal guardians gave informed consent before participating in our study. We used component 5 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure sleep disturbances and conducted a voxel-based morphometry-DARTEL procedure to measure GMVs. We performed partial correlation analyses to examine whether the GMVs were associated with sleep disturbances. A total of 56 adolescents participated in this study. Our results revealed that GMVs in multiple global regions were negatively correlated with sleep disturbances. Moreover, most of these identified regions belong to large-scale brain networks categorized by functional neuroimaging studies. We found an association between regional GMVs in multiple global regions involved in large-scale networks and the severity of sleep disturbances in the adolescent population. Based on this evidence and previous neuroimaging evidence, we suggest that structural alterations in the networks may be linked to sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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85
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Alexander B, Yang JYM, Yao SHW, Wu MH, Chen J, Kelly CE, Ball G, Matthews LG, Seal ML, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ, Thompson DK. White matter extension of the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain atlas: M-CRIB-WM. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2317-2333. [PMID: 32083379 PMCID: PMC7267918 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain atlases providing standardised identification of neonatal brain regions are key in investigating neurological disorders of early childhood. Our previously developed Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) and M-CRIB 2.0 neonatal brain atlases provide standardised parcellation of 100 brain regions including cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. The aim of this study was to extend M-CRIB atlas coverage to include 54 white matter (WM) regions. Participants were 10 healthy term-born neonates that were used to create the initial M-CRIB atlas. WM regions were manually segmented based on T2 images and co-registered diffusion tensor imaging-based, direction-encoded colour maps. Our labelled regions imitate the Johns Hopkins University neonatal atlas, with minor anatomical modifications. All segmentations were reviewed and approved by a paediatric radiologist and a neurosurgery research fellow for anatomical accuracy. The resulting neonatal WM atlas comprises 54 WM regions: 24 paired regions, and six unpaired regions comprising five corpus callosum subdivisions, and one pontine crossing tract. Detailed protocols for manual WM parcellations are provided, and the M-CRIB-WM atlas is presented together with the existing M-CRIB cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar parcellations in 10 individual neonatal MRI data sets. The novel M-CRIB-WM atlas, along with the M-CRIB cortical and subcortical atlases, provide neonatal whole brain MRI coverage in the first multi-subject manually parcellated neonatal atlas compatible with atlases commonly used at older time points. The M-CRIB-WM atlas is publicly available, providing a valuable tool that will help facilitate neuroimaging research into neonatal brain development in both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Alexander
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Hui Wen Yao
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Hao Wu
- Medical Imaging, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire E Kelly
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gareth Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lillian G Matthews
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc L Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Newborn research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Newborn research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Newborn research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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86
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Morris SR, Holmes RD, Dvorak AV, Liu H, Yoo Y, Vavasour IM, Mazabel S, Mädler B, Kolind SH, Li DKB, Siegel L, Beaulieu C, MacKay AL, Laule C. Brain Myelin Water Fraction and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Atlases for 9-10 Year-Old Children. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:150-160. [PMID: 32064721 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myelin water imaging (MWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provide information about myelin and axon-related brain microstructure, which can be useful for investigating normal brain development and many childhood brain disorders. While pediatric DTI atlases exist, there are no pediatric MWI atlases available for the 9-10 years old age group. As myelination and structural development occurs throughout childhood and adolescence, studies of pediatric brain pathologies must use age-specific MWI and DTI healthy control data. We created atlases of myelin water fraction (MWF) and DTI metrics for healthy children aged 9-10 years for use as normative data in pediatric neuroimaging studies. METHODS 3D-T1 , DTI, and MWI scans were acquired from 20 healthy children (mean age: 9.6 years, range: 9.2-10.3 years, 4 females). ANTs and FSL registration were used to create quantitative MWF and DTI atlases. Region of interest (ROI) analysis in nine white matter regions was used to compare pediatric MWF with adult MWF values from a recent study and to investigate the correlation between pediatric MWF and DTI metrics. RESULTS Adults had significantly higher MWF than the pediatric cohort in seven of the nine white matter ROIs, but not in the genu of the corpus callosum or the cingulum. In the pediatric data, MWF correlated significantly with mean diffusivity, but not with axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, or fractional anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS Normative MWF and DTI metrics from a group of 9-10 year old healthy children provide a resource for comparison to pathologies. The age-specific atlases are ready for use in pediatric neuroimaging research and can be accessed: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pediatric-mri-myelin-diffusion/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Adam V Dvorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Youngjin Yoo
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - Irene M Vavasour
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Mazabel
- Educational and Counseling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shannon H Kolind
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David K B Li
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda Siegel
- Educational and Counseling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alex L MacKay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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87
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Rezaee Z, Kaura S, Solanki D, Dash A, Srivastava MVP, Lahiri U, Dutta A. Deep Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dentate Nucleus to Facilitate Standing Balance in Chronic Stroke Survivors-A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020094. [PMID: 32050704 PMCID: PMC7071721 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cerebrovascular accidents are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. We hypothesized that cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the dentate nuclei and the lower-limb representations in the cerebellum can improve functional reach during standing balance in chronic (>6 months’ post-stroke) stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based subject-specific electric field was computed across a convenience sample of 10 male chronic (>6 months) stroke survivors and one healthy MRI template to find an optimal bipolar bilateral ctDCS montage to target dentate nuclei and lower-limb representations (lobules VII–IX). Then, in a repeated-measure crossover study on a subset of 5 stroke survivors, we compared 15 min of 2 mA ctDCS based on the effects on successful functional reach (%) during standing balance task. Three-way ANOVA investigated the factors of interest– brain regions, montages, stroke participants, and their interactions. Results: “One-size-fits-all” bipolar ctDCS montage for the clinical study was found to be PO9h–PO10h for dentate nuclei and Exx7–Exx8 for lobules VII–IX with the contralesional anode. PO9h–PO10h ctDCS performed significantly (alpha = 0.05) better in facilitating successful functional reach (%) when compared to Exx7–Exx8 ctDCS. Furthermore, a linear relationship between successful functional reach (%) and electric field strength was found where PO9h–PO10h montage resulted in a significantly (alpha = 0.05) higher electric field strength when compared to Exx7–Exx8 montage for the same 2 mA current. Conclusion: We presented a rational neuroimaging based approach to optimize deep ctDCS of the dentate nuclei and lower limb representations in the cerebellum for post-stroke balance rehabilitation. However, this promising pilot study was limited by “one-size-fits-all” bipolar ctDCS montage as well as a small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Rezaee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Surbhi Kaura
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.K.); (M.V.P.S.)
| | - Dhaval Solanki
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India; (D.S.); (A.D.); (U.L.)
| | - Adyasha Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India; (D.S.); (A.D.); (U.L.)
| | - M V Padma Srivastava
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.K.); (M.V.P.S.)
| | - Uttama Lahiri
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India; (D.S.); (A.D.); (U.L.)
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(716)-645-9161
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88
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Behrendt HF, Konrad K, Perdue KL, Firk C. Infant brain responses to live face-to-face interaction with their mothers: Combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a modified still-face paradigm. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 58:101410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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89
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Yang G, Zhou S, Bozek J, Dong HM, Han M, Zuo XN, Liu H, Gao JH. Sample sizes and population differences in brain template construction. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116318. [PMID: 31689538 PMCID: PMC6980905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial normalization or deformation to a standard brain template is routinely used as a key module in various pipelines for the processing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Brain templates are often constructed using MRI data from a limited number of subjects. Individual brains show significant variabilities in their morphology; thus, sample sizes and population differences are two key factors that influence brain template construction. To address these influences, we employed two independent groups from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the Chinese Human Connectome Project (CHCP) to quantify the impacts of sample sizes and population on brain template construction. We first assessed the effect of sample size on the construction of volumetric brain templates using data subsets from the HCP and CHCP datasets. We applied a voxel-wise index of the deformation variability and a logarithmically transformed Jacobian determinant to quantify the variability associated with the template construction and modeled the brain template variability as a power function of the sample size. At the system level, the frontoparietal control network and dorsal attention network demonstrated higher deformation variability and logged Jacobian determinants, whereas other primary networks showed lower variability. To investigate the population differences, we constructed Caucasian and Chinese standard brain atlases (namely, US200 and CN200). The two demographically matched templates, particularly the language-related areas, exhibited dramatic bilaterally in supramarginal gyri and inferior frontal gyri differences in their deformation variability and logged Jacobian determinant. Using independent data from the HCP and CHCP, we examined the segmentation and registration accuracy and observed significant reduction in the performance of the brain segmentation and registration when the population-mismatched templates were used in the spatial normalization. Our findings provide evidence to support the use of population-matched templates in human brain mapping studies. The US200 and CN200 templates have been released on the Neuroimage Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC) website (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/us200_cn200/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Yang
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhong Zhou
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jelena Bozek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hao-Ming Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Han
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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90
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Rezaee Z, Dutta A. Lobule‐Specific Dosage Considerations for Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Healthy Aging: A Computational Modeling Study Using Age‐Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Templates. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:341-365. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Rezaee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
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91
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Shou G, Ding L. Reconstructing Cortical Intrinsic Connectivity Networks Using a Regression Method Combining EEG Data from Sensor and Source Levels .. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1698-1701. [PMID: 31946224 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) have been widely studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and electrophysiological data (e.g., electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG)). Two major methods, i.e., seed-based correlation analysis (SBCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), are widely used to extract ICNs. Among them, ICA usually involves a dual regression analysis in order to obtain final spatial definitions of ICNs. Recently, we proposed a framework that includes cortical source imaging, source-level ICA, and statistical correlation analysis, to extract cortical ICNs from resting-state EEG data. In the present study, we proposed an alternative framework that uses sensor-level ICA and regression analysis instead of source-level ICA and correlation analysis, considering the well-studied characteristics of sensor-level ICs in differentiating neural activities from artifacts and the benefit of regression in accommodating multivariate analysis over correlation. In the present study, we mainly investigated the performance of the proposed procedure in extracting cortical ICNs. Meanwhile, we also investigated different variants of the regressors sampled at different frequencies to formulate the regression model. The results demonstrated that cortical ICNs corresponding to major ICNs identified in literature could be obtained by the proposed framework. In general, spatial patterns of cortical ICNs obtained via both correlation and regression analyses show statistically significant similarity. However, the cortical ICNs reconstructed using the regression analysis exhibit more focal and more superficial spatial patterns, in general, that the cortical ICNs from the correlation analysis. The different variants of regressors at the same sampling frequency do not produce obvious impacts on spatial patterns of cortical ICNs, while the different sampling frequencies show large effects on extracted spatial patterns of cortical ICNs. In summary, it is suggested that the proposed framework with the regression analysis is promising in reconstructing cortical ICNs from EEG, while the sampling frequency used in the formulation process of regressors may have large impacts on reconstructed cortical ICN patterns.
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Pai PP, Mandal PK, Punjabi K, Shukla D, Goel A, Joon S, Roy S, Sandal K, Mishra R, Lahoti R. BRAHMA: Population specific T1, T2, and FLAIR weighted brain templates and their impact in structural and functional imaging studies. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 70:5-21. [PMID: 31917995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differences in brain morphology across population groups necessitate creation of population-specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain templates for interpretation of neuroimaging data. Variations in the neuroanatomy in a genetically heterogeneous population make the development of a population-specific brain template for the Indian subcontinent imperative. A dataset of high-resolution 3D T1, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images acquired from a group of 113 volunteers (M/F - 56/57, mean age-28.96 ± 7.80 years) are used to construct T1, T2-weighted, and FLAIR templates, collectively referred to as Indian Brain Template, "BRAHMA". A processing pipeline is developed and implemented in a MATLAB based toolbox for template construction and generation of tissue probability maps and segmentation atlases, with additional labels for deep brain regions such as the Substantia Nigra generated from the T2-weighted and FLAIR templates. The use of BRAHMA template for analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data obtained from Indian participants, provides improved accuracy with statistically significant results over that obtained using the ICBM-152 (International Consortium for Brain Mapping) template. Our results indicate that segmentations generated on structural images are closer in volume to those obtained from registration to the BRAHMA template than to the ICBM-152. Furthermore, functional MRI data obtained for Working Memory and Finger Tapping paradigms processed using the BRAHMA template show a significantly higher percentage of the activation area than ICBM-152 in relevant brain regions, i.e. the left middle frontal gyrus, and the left and right precentral gyri, respectively. The availability of different image contrasts, tissue maps, and segmentation atlases makes the BRAHMA template a comprehensive tool for multi-modal image analysis in laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful P Pai
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Pravat K Mandal
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Khushboo Punjabi
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Shukla
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Anshika Goel
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shallu Joon
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Saurav Roy
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Kanika Sandal
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ritwick Mishra
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Lahoti
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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93
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Yuan Y, Cassano P, Pias M, Fang Q. Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light from childhood to elderliness: simulation of dosimetry. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:015009. [PMID: 32118086 PMCID: PMC7039173 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 40 million U.S. adults in their lifetime. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) has been shown to be effective in treating MDD, but the current treatment dosage does not account for head and brain anatomical changes due to aging. Aim: We study effective t-PBM dosage and its variations across age groups using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulations and age-dependent brain atlases ranging between 5 and 85 years of age. Approach: Age-dependent brain models are derived from 18 MRI brain atlases. Two extracranial source positions, F3-F4 and Fp1-Fpz-Fp2 in the EEG 10-20 system, are simulated at five selected wavelengths and energy depositions at two MDD-relevant cortical regions-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-are quantified. Results: An overall decrease of energy deposition was found with increasing age. A strong negative correlation between the thickness of extracerebral tissues (ECT) and energy deposition was observed, suggesting that increasing ECT thickness over age is primarily responsible for reduced energy delivery. The F3-F4 position appears to be more efficient in reaching dlPFC compared to treating vmPFC via the Fp1-Fpz-Fp2 position. Conclusions: Quantitative simulations revealed age-dependent light delivery across the lifespan of human brains, suggesting the need for personalized and age-adaptive t-PBM treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshen Yuan
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Matthew Pias
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Qianqian Fang, E-mail:
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Muthuraman M, Moliadze V, Boecher L, Siemann J, Freitag CM, Groppa S, Siniatchkin M. Multimodal alterations of directed connectivity profiles in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20028. [PMID: 31882672 PMCID: PMC6934806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional and effective connectivity measures for tracking brain region interactions that have been investigated using both electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) bringing up new insights into clinical research. However, the differences between these connectivity methods, especially at the source level, have not yet been systematically studied. The dynamic characterization of coherent sources and temporal partial directed coherence, as measures of functional and effective connectivity, were applied to multimodal resting EEG and MEG data obtained from 11 young patients (mean age 13.2 ± 1.5 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and age-matched healthy subjects. Additionally, machine-learning algorithms were applied to the extracted connectivity features to identify biomarkers differentiating the two groups. An altered thalamo-cortical connectivity profile was attested in patients with ADHD who showed solely information outflow from cortical regions in comparison to healthy controls who exhibited bidirectional interregional connectivity in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. We achieved an accuracy of 98% by combining features from all five studied frequency bands. Our findings suggest that both types of connectivity as extracted from EEG or MEG are sensitive methods to investigate neuronal network features in neuropsychiatric disorders. The connectivity features investigated here can be further tested as biomarkers of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena Boecher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Siemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Huang Y, Wu T, Gao Y, Luo Y, Wu Z, Fagan S, Leung S, Li X. The Impact of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Externalizing Tendencies on Neural Responsivity to Reward and Punishment in Healthy Adolescents. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1319. [PMID: 31920489 PMCID: PMC6923186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both externalizing behavior and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in youth are precursors to later criminal offending in adulthood. It is posited that disruptions in reward and punishment processes may engender problematic behavior, such that CU traits and externalizing behavior may be linked to a dominant reward response style (e.g., heightened responsivity to rewards) and deficient punishment-processing. However, prior research has generated mixed findings and work examining both the sole and joint contribution of CU traits and externalizing problems related to functional brain alterations is lacking. In this pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we measured externalizing behavior and CU traits in a community sample of adolescents (n = 29) and examined their impacts on brain activity associated with anticipation and receipt of reward and punishment using the Modified Monetary Incentive Delay task. We found that CU traits were associated with greater activation of the ventral striatum (VST) during reward anticipation. However, this effect became non-significant after controlling for externalizing behavior, indicating substantial overlap between the CU and externalizing measures in explaining VST activation when anticipating reward. In addition, externalizing behavior (but not CU) was significantly negatively associated with amygdala activation during punishment receipt, even after controlling for CU traits. The present findings extend previous evidence of hyper-responsivity to reward and hypo-responsivity to punishment in relation to psychopathic traits and antisocial behavior to non-clinical, non-incarcerated youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Huang
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuyang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Shawn Fagan
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Leung
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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Xie W, Jensen SKG, Wade M, Kumar S, Westerlund A, Kakon SH, Haque R, Petri WA, Nelson CA. Growth faltering is associated with altered brain functional connectivity and cognitive outcomes in urban Bangladeshi children exposed to early adversity. BMC Med 2019; 17:199. [PMID: 31760950 PMCID: PMC6876085 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting affects more than 161 million children worldwide and can compromise cognitive development beginning early in childhood. There is a paucity of research using neuroimaging tools in conjunction with sensitive behavioral assays in low-income settings, which has hindered researchers' ability to explain how stunting impacts brain and behavioral development. We employed high-density EEG to examine associations among children's physical growth, brain functional connectivity (FC), and cognitive development. METHODS We recruited participants from an urban impoverished neighborhood in Dhaka, Bangladesh. One infant cohort consisted of 92 infants whose height (length) was measured at 3, 4.5, and 6 months; EEG data were collected at 6 months; and cognitive outcomes were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 27 months. A second, older cohort consisted of 118 children whose height was measured at 24, 30, and 36 months; EEG data were collected at 36 months; and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores were assessed at 48 months. Height-for-age (HAZ) z-scores were calculated based on the World Health Organization standard. EEG FC in different frequency bands was calculated in the cortical source space. Linear regression and longitudinal path analysis were conducted to test the associations between variables, as well as the indirect effect of child growth on cognitive outcomes via brain FC. RESULTS In the older cohort, we found that HAZ was negatively related to brain FC in the theta and beta frequency bands, which in turn was negatively related to children's IQ score at 48 months. Longitudinal path analysis showed an indirect effect of HAZ on children's IQ via brain FC in both the theta and beta bands. There were no associations between HAZ and brain FC or cognitive outcomes in the infant cohort. CONCLUSIONS The association observed between child growth and brain FC may reflect a broad deleterious effect of malnutrition on children's brain development. The mediation effect of FC on the relation between child growth and later IQ provides the first evidence suggesting that brain FC may serve as a neural pathway by which biological adversity impacts cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Xie
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Sarah K G Jensen
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, USA
| | - Swapna Kumar
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Alissa Westerlund
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - William A Petri
- Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, USA.
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97
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Wijeakumar S, Kumar A, Delgado Reyes LM, Tiwari M, Spencer JP. Early adversity in rural India impacts the brain networks underlying visual working memory. Dev Sci 2019; 22:e12822. [PMID: 30803122 PMCID: PMC6767418 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need to understand the global impact of poverty on early brain and behavioural development, particularly with regard to key cognitive processes that emerge in early development. Although the impact of adversity on brain development can trap children in an intergenerational cycle of poverty, the massive potential for brain plasticity is also a source of hope: reliable, accessible, culturally agnostic methods to assess early brain development in low resource settings might be used to measure the impact of early adversity, identify infants for timely intervention and guide the development and monitor the effectiveness of early interventions. Visual working memory (VWM) is an early marker of cognitive capacity that has been assessed reliably in early infancy and is predictive of later academic achievement in Western countries. Here, we localized the functional brain networks that underlie VWM in early development in rural India using a portable neuroimaging system, and we assessed the impact of adversity on these brain networks. We recorded functional brain activity as young children aged 4-48 months performed a VWM task. Brain imaging results revealed localized activation in the frontal cortex, replicating findings from a Midwestern US sample. Critically, children from families with low maternal education and income showed weaker brain activity and poorer distractor suppression in canonical working memory areas in the left frontal cortex. Implications of this work are far-reaching: it is now cost-effective to localize functional brain networks in early development in low-resource settings, paving the way for novel intervention and assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarti Kumar
- Community Empowerment LabUttar PradeshLucknowIndia
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98
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0447-18.2019. [PMID: 31383726 PMCID: PMC6749144 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0447-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging methods have contributed to shed light on the mechanisms of recovery after early brain insult. The assumption that the unaffected right hemisphere can take over language functions after left perinatal stroke is still under debate. Here, we report how patterns of brain structural and functional reorganization were associated with language outcomes in a group of four-year-old children with left perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS). Specifically, we gathered specific fine-grained developmental measures of receptive and productive aspects of language as well as standardized measures of cognitive development. We also collected structural neuroimaging data as well as functional activations during a passive listening story-telling fMRI task and a resting state session (rs-fMRI). Children with a left perinatal stroke showed larger lateralization indices of both structural and functional connectivity of the dorsal language pathway towards the right hemisphere that, in turn, were associated with better language outcomes. Importantly, the pattern of structural asymmetry was significantly more right-lateralized in children with a left perinatal brain insult than in a group of matched healthy controls. These results strongly suggest that early lesions of the left dorsal pathway and the associated perisylvian regions can induce the interhemispheric transfer of language functions to right homolog regions. This study provides combined evidence of structural and functional brain reorganization of language networks after early stroke with strong implications for neurobiological models of language development.
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99
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Bidelman GM, Price CN, Shen D, Arnott SR, Alain C. Afferent-efferent connectivity between auditory brainstem and cortex accounts for poorer speech-in-noise comprehension in older adults. Hear Res 2019; 382:107795. [PMID: 31479953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Speech-in-noise (SIN) comprehension deficits in older adults have been linked to changes in both subcortical and cortical auditory evoked responses. However, older adults' difficulty understanding SIN may also be related to an imbalance in signal transmission (i.e., functional connectivity) between brainstem and auditory cortices. By modeling high-density scalp recordings of speech-evoked responses with sources in brainstem (BS) and bilateral primary auditory cortices (PAC), we show that beyond attenuating neural activity, hearing loss in older adults compromises the transmission of speech information between subcortical and early cortical hubs of the speech network. We found that the strength of afferent BS→PAC neural signaling (but not the reverse efferent flow; PAC→BS) varied with mild declines in hearing acuity and this "bottom-up" functional connectivity robustly predicted older adults' performance in a SIN identification task. Connectivity was also a better predictor of SIN processing than unitary subcortical or cortical responses alone. Our neuroimaging findings suggest that in older adults (i) mild hearing loss differentially reduces neural output at several stages of auditory processing (PAC > BS), (ii) subcortical-cortical connectivity is more sensitive to peripheral hearing loss than top-down (cortical-subcortical) control, and (iii) reduced functional connectivity in afferent auditory pathways plays a significant role in SIN comprehension problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Bidelman
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Caitlin N Price
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dawei Shen
- Rotman Research Institute-Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- Rotman Research Institute-Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute-Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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100
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Blasi A, Lloyd-Fox S, Katus L, Elwell CE. fNIRS for Tracking Brain Development in the Context of Global Health Projects. PHOTONICS 2019; 6:89. [PMID: 33490142 PMCID: PMC7745110 DOI: 10.3390/photonics6030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a valuable tool to study brain function, and it is in younger participants where it has found, arguably, its most successful application. Thanks to its infant-friendly features, the technology has helped shape research in the neurocognitive development field by contributing to our understanding of the neural underpinnings of sensory perception and socio-cognitive skills. Furthermore, it has provided avenues of exploration for markers of compromised brain development. Advances in fNIRS instrumentation and methods have enabled the next step in the evolution of its applications including the investigation of the effects of complex and interacting socio-economic and environmental adversities on brain development. To do this, it is necessary to take fNIRS out of well-resourced research labs (the majority located in high-income countries) to study at-risk populations in resource-poor settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here we review the use of this technology in global health studies, we discuss the implementation of fNIRS studies in LMICs with a particular emphasis on the Brain Imaging for Global Health (BRIGHT) project, and we consider its potential in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Laura Katus
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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