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Luo F, Zhang J, Burke K, Romito-DiGiacomo RR, Miller RH, Yang Y. Oligodendrocyte-specific loss of Cdk5 disrupts the architecture of nodes of Ranvier as well as learning and memory. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:92-104. [PMID: 29729246 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myelination of the central nervous system is important for normal motor and sensory neuronal function and recent studies also link it to efficient learning and memory. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is required for normal oligodendrocyte development, myelination and myelin repair. Here we show that conditional deletion of Cdk5 by targeting with CNP (CNP;Cdk5 CKO) results in hypomyelination and disruption of the structural integrity of Nodes of Ranvier. In addition, CNP;Cdk5 CKO mice exhibited a severe impairment of learning and memory compared to controls that may reflect perturbed neuron-glial interactions. Co-culture of cortical neurons with CNP;Cdk5 CKO oligodendrocyte lineage cells resulted in a significant reduction in the density of neuronal dendritic spines. In short term fear-conditioning studies, CNP;Cdk5 CKO mice had decreased hippocampal levels of immediate early genes such as Arc and Fos, and lower levels of p-CREB and p-cofilin suggested these pathways are affected by the levels of myelination. The novel roles of Cdk5 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells may provide insights for helping understand the cognitive changes sometimes seen in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jessie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Kathryn Burke
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rita R Romito-DiGiacomo
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, United States.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Center for Translational Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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52
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Cheng X, Chen X, Xie Y, Zhang L, Wang L, Hu J, Gao Z. The differences between GluN2A and GluN2B signaling in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1430-1443. [PMID: 29682799 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a typical ionotropic glutamate receptor, is a crucial protein for maintaining brain function. GluN2A and GluN2B are the main types of NMDA receptor subunit in the adult forebrain. Studies have demonstrated that they play different roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. Although the underlying mechanism for this has not been clarified, the most fundamental reason may be the differences between the signaling pathways associated with GluN2A and GluN2B. With the aim of elucidating the reasons behind the diverse roles of these two subunits, we described the signaling differences between GluN2A and GluN2B from the aspects of C-terminus-associated molecules, effects on typical downstream signaling proteins, and metabotropic signaling. Because there are several factors interfering with the determination of subunit-specific signaling, there is still a long way to go toward clarifying the signaling differences between these two subunits. Developing better pharmacology tools, such as highly selective antagonists for triheteromeric GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, and establishing new molecular biological methods, for example, engineering photoswitchable NMDA receptors, may be useful for clarifying the signaling differences between GluN2A and GluN2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingge Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- Department of Physical and Chemical Analysis, North China Pharmaceutical Group New Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California
| | - Jie Hu
- Nursing Research Center, School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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53
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Carvajal FJ, Mira RG, Rovegno M, Minniti AN, Cerpa W. Age-related NMDA signaling alterations in SOD2 deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2010-2020. [PMID: 29577983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress affects the survival and function of neurons. Hence, they have a complex and highly regulated machinery to handle oxidative changes. The dysregulation of this antioxidant machinery is associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Therefore, we evaluated signaling alterations, synaptic properties and behavioral performance in 2 and 6-month-old heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knockout mice (SOD2+/- mice). We found that their low antioxidant capacity generated direct oxidative damage in proteins, lipids, and DNA. However, only 6-month-old heterozygous knockout mice presented behavioral impairments. On the other hand, synaptic plasticity, synaptic strength and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dependent postsynaptic potentials were decreased in an age-dependent manner. We also analyzed the phosphorylation state of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B. We found that while the levels of GluN2B phosphorylated on tyrosine 1472 (synaptic form) remain unchanged, we detected increased levels of GluN2B phosphorylated on tyrosine 1336 (extrasynaptic form), establishing alterations in the synaptic/extrasynaptic ratio of GluN2B. Additionally, we found increased levels of two phosphatases associated with dephosphorylation of p-1472: striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten (PTEN). Moreover, we found decreased levels of p-CREB, a master transcription factor activated by synaptic stimulation. In summary, we describe mechanisms by which glutamatergic synapses are altered under oxidative stress conditions. Our results uncovered new putative therapeutic targets for conditions where NMDAR downstream signaling is altered. This work also contributes to our understanding of processes such as synapse formation, learning, and memory in neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia N Minniti
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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54
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Abstract
Cdk5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase that is well characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. However Cdk5 has been recently implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, thyroid and brain tumors. This broad pro-tumorigenic role makes Cdk5 a promising drug target for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we review the contribution of Cdk5 to molecular mechanisms that confer upon tumors the ability to grow, proliferate and disseminate to secondary organs, as well as resistance to chemotherapies. We subsequently discuss existing and new strategies for targeting Cdk5 and its downstream mechanisms as anti-cancer treatments.
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55
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Cdk5 Contributes to Huntington’s Disease Learning and Memory Deficits via Modulation of Brain Region-Specific Substrates. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6250-6268. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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56
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Nagayoshi T, Isoda K, Mamiya N, Kida S. Hippocampal calpain is required for the consolidation and reconsolidation but not extinction of contextual fear memory. Mol Brain 2017; 10:61. [PMID: 29258546 PMCID: PMC5735908 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction have been shown to share similar molecular signatures, including new gene expression. Calpain is a Ca2+-dependent protease that exerts its effects through the proteolytic cleavage of target proteins. Neuron-specific conditional deletions of calpain 1 and 2 impair long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and spatial learning. Moreover, recent studies have suggested distinct roles of calpain 1 and 2 in synaptic plasticity. However, the role of hippocampal calpain in memory processes, especially memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction, is still unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated the critical roles of hippocampal calpain in the consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction of contextual fear memory in mice. We examined the effects of pharmacological inhibition of calpain in the hippocampus on these memory processes, using the N-Acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN; calpain 1 and 2 inhibitor). Microinfusion of ALLN into the dorsal hippocampus impaired long-term memory (24 h memory) without affecting short-term memory (2 h memory). Similarly, this pharmacological blockade of calpain in the dorsal hippocampus also disrupted reactivated memory but did not affect memory extinction. Importantly, the systemic administration of ALLN inhibited the induction of c-fos in the hippocampus, which is observed when memory is consolidated. Our observations showed that hippocampal calpain is required for the consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Further, the results suggested that calpain contributes to the regulation of new gene expression that is necessary for these memory processes as a regulator of Ca2+-signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taikai Nagayoshi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Isoda
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nori Mamiya
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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57
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Li Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Huang M, Li S, Wang X, Chen L, Jiang B, Yang Y. Inhibition of Cdk5 rejuvenates inhibitory circuits and restores experience-dependent plasticity in adult visual cortex. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:207-220. [PMID: 29031852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) acts as an essential modulator for neural development and neurological disorders. Here we show that Cdk5 plays a pivotal role in modulating GABAergic signaling and the maturation of visual system. In adult mouse primary visual cortex, Cdk5 formed complex with the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase GAD67, but not with GAD65. In addition to enhancement in the surface level of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors, inhibition of Cdk5 reduced the protein levels of GADs and Otx2, while leaving intact the expression of vesicular GABA transporter and subunits of GABAA or AMPA receptors. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording in layer II/III pyramidal neurons revealed a decrease in the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC). Consequently, pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of Cdk5 in adult mice led to a restoration of juvenile-like ocular dominance plasticity in vivo and long-term synaptic potential in layer II/III induced by white matter stimulation in vitro. Interestingly, we did not observe an alteration of perineuronal nets of extracellular matrix, but a reinstatement of the capability to evoke long-term depression at inhibitory synapses (iLTD), which depended on presynaptic endocannabinoid receptors and was a sign of the rejuvenated GABAergic synapses. Enhancement of GABA signaling by diazepam impeded ocular dominance plasticity rescued by Cdk5 inhibition. These results thus suggest that a physiological role of Cdk5 in visual cortex is to consolidate and stabilize neural circuits through controlling GABAergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Laijian Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Mengyao Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Sitong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yupeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Berrout L, Isokawa M. Ghrelin upregulates the phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor by activating GHSR1a and Fyn in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2017; 1678:20-26. [PMID: 28993142 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin and its receptor GHSR1a have been shown to exert numerous physiological functions in the brain, in addition to the well-established orexigenic role in the hypothalamus. Earlier work indicated that ghrelin stimulated the phosphorylation of the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and enhanced synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. In the present study, we report that the exogenous application of ghrelin increased GluN2B phosphorylation. This increase was independent of GluN2B subunit activity or NMDAR channel activity. However, it depended on the activation of GHSR1a and Fyn as it was blocked by D-Lys3-GHRP-6 and PP2, respectively. Inhibitors for G-protein-regulated second messengers, such as Rp-cAMP, H89, TBB, ryanodine, and thapsigargin, unexpectedly enhanced GluN2B phosphorylation, suggesting that cAMP, PKA, casein kinase II, and cytosolic calcium signaling may oppose to the effect of ghrelin on the phosphorylation of GluN2B. Our findings suggest that 1) GluN2B is likely a molecular target of ghrelin and GHSR1a-driven signaling cascades, and 2) the ghrelin-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B depends on Fyn activation under complex negative regulation by other second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Berrout
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1W University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78520, United States
| | - Masako Isokawa
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1W University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78520, United States.
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Hui S, Yang Y, Peng WJ, Sheng CX, Gong W, Chen S, Xu PP, Wang Z. Protective effects of Bushen Tiansui decoction on hippocampal synapses in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1680-1686. [PMID: 29171433 PMCID: PMC5696849 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushen Tiansui decoction is composed of six traditional Chinese medicines: Herba Epimedii, Radix Polygoni multiflori, Plastrum testudinis, Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Radix Polygalae, and Rhizoma Acorus tatarinowii. Because Bushen Tiansui decoction is effective against amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, we hypothesized that it would reduce hippocampal synaptic damage and improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we used a previously established animal model of Alzheimer's disease, that is, microinjection of aggregated Aβ25-35 into the bilateral brain ventricles of Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that long-term (28 days) oral administration of Bushen Tiansui decoction (0.563, 1.688, and 3.375 g/mL; 4 mL/day) prevented synaptic loss in the hippocampus and increased the expression levels of synaptic proteins, including postsynaptic density protein 95, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit, and Shank1. These results suggested that Bushen Tiansui decoction can protect synapses by maintaining the expression of these synaptic proteins. Bushen Tiansui decoction also ameliorated measures reflecting spatial learning and memory deficits that were observed in the Morris water maze (i.e., increased the number of platform crossings and the amount of time spent in the target quadrant and decreased escape latency) following intraventricular injections of aggregated Aβ25-35 compared with those measures in untreated Aβ25-35-injected rats. Overall, these results provided evidence that further studies on the prevention and treatment of dementia with this traditional Chinese medicine are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hui
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-jun Peng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen-xia Sheng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pan-pan Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Castino MR, Baker-Andresen D, Ratnu VS, Shevchenko G, Morris KV, Bredy TW, Youngson NA, Clemens KJ. Persistent histone modifications at the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters following extinction of nicotine-seeking in rats. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:98-106. [PMID: 28857504 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of addiction lead to a wide range of epigenetic changes at the promoter regions of genes directly implicated in learning and memory processes. We have previously shown that the histone deactylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB), accelerates the extinction of nicotine-seeking and provides resistance to relapse. Here, we explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Rats received intravenous nicotine or saline self-administration, followed by 6 days of extinction training, with each extinction session followed immediately by treatment with NaB or vehicle. On the last day of extinction, rats were killed and the medial ventral prefrontal cortex retained for chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A history of nicotine exposure significantly decreased H3K14 acetylation at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon IV promoter, and this effect was abolished with NaB treatment. In contrast, nicotine self-administration alone, resulted in a significant decrease in histone methylation at the H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 marks in the promoter regions of BDNF exon IV and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk-5). Quantitative PCR-identified changes in several genes associated with NaB treatment that were independent of nicotine exposure; however, an interaction of nicotine history and NaB treatment was detected only in the expression of BDNF IV and BDNF IX. Together these results suggest that nicotine self-administration leads to a number of epigenetic changes at both the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters, and that these changes may contribute to the enhanced extinction of nicotine-seeking by NaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Castino
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Baker-Andresen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V S Ratnu
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Shevchenko
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K V Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - T W Bredy
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N A Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K J Clemens
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of liprinα1 mediates neuronal activity-dependent synapse development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6992-E7001. [PMID: 28760951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708240114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience-dependent modulation of brain circuitry depends on dynamic changes in synaptic connections that are guided by neuronal activity. In particular, postsynaptic maturation requires changes in dendritic spine morphology, the targeting of postsynaptic proteins, and the insertion of synaptic neurotransmitter receptors. Thus, it is critical to understand how neuronal activity controls postsynaptic maturation. Here we report that the scaffold protein liprinα1 and its phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) are critical for the maturation of excitatory synapses through regulation of the synaptic localization of the major postsynaptic organizer postsynaptic density (PSD)-95. Whereas Cdk5 phosphorylates liprinα1 at Thr701, this phosphorylation decreases in neurons in response to neuronal activity. Blockade of liprinα1 phosphorylation enhances the structural and functional maturation of excitatory synapses. Nanoscale superresolution imaging reveals that inhibition of liprinα1 phosphorylation increases the colocalization of liprinα1 with PSD-95. Furthermore, disruption of liprinα1 phosphorylation by a small interfering peptide, siLIP, promotes the synaptic localization of PSD-95 and enhances synaptic strength in vivo. Our findings collectively demonstrate that the Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of liprinα1 is important for the postsynaptic organization during activity-dependent synapse development.
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62
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Wang Y, Han S, Han R, Su Y, Li J. Propofol-induced downregulation of NR2B membrane translocation in hippocampus and spatial memory deficits of neonatal mice. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00734. [PMID: 28729940 PMCID: PMC5516608 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of infants and children are undergoing anesthesia around the world every day. But impacts of anesthetics on the developing neural system remain unclear yet. Previous evidence showed that anesthesia might affect the developing neural system. Thus, early-life anesthesia becomes a critical issue in clinical pediatric practice. Hence, propofol, a short-acting and widely applied intravenous anesthetic, has been gaining focus upon neonatal anesthesia. METHODS Fifty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into following three groups: group D6 intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected propofol (100 mg/kg body weight) once a day from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P11, group D1 administrated propofol (100 mg/kg, i.p.) at P6 solely and administrated normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P7 to P11, and group N treated with normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P6 to P11 as the control (n = 18 per group). Then, at P28, nine mice were collected randomly from each group for NR2B membrane translocation and phosphorylation analysis, and the rest half in each group were assigned to perform Morris water maze tests from P28 to P35. RESULTS Results showed that total protein expression levels of NR2B increased (p < .001) while its membrane translocation decreased (p < .001, n = 9 per group) in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal mice after repeated propofol administration. Phosphorylation levels of NR2B at serine 1303 (D1: p < .05; D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) and serine 1480 (D1: p < .01, D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) increased significantly as well in the hippocampus compared with group N. In addition, memory deficits (p < .05, n = 9 per group) were observed in Morris water maze tests of group D6 mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that propofol exposure downregulates NR2B membrane translocation and causes spatial memory deficits, with a mediated increased NR2B protein expression and phosphorylation at Ser1303/1480 residues in the hippocampus of neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ruquan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Abstract
L-type calcium channel CaV1.2 plays an essential role in cardiac function. The gain-of-function mutations in CaV1.2 have been reported to be associated with Timothy syndrome, a disease characterized by QT prolongation and syndactyly. Previously we demonstrated that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, could rescue the phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from Timothy syndrome patients. However, exactly how roscovitine rescued the phenotypes remained unclear. Here we report a mechanism potentially underlying the therapeutic effects of roscovitine on Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes. Our results using roscovitine analogs and CDK inhibitors and constructs demonstrated that roscovitine exhibits its therapeutic effects in part by inhibiting CDK5. The outcomes of this study allowed us to identify a molecular mechanism whereby CaV1.2 channels are regulated by CDK5. This study provides insights into the regulation of cardiac calcium channels and the development of future therapeutics for Timothy syndrome patients. CDK5 Inhibition alleviates the phenotypes in Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes CDK5 regulates the functions of CaV1.2 channels in cardiomyocytes
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Ai H, Shi XF, Hu XP, Fang WQ, Zhang B, Lu W. Acute stress regulates phosphorylation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor GluN2B at S1284 in hippocampus. Neuroscience 2017; 351:24-35. [PMID: 28359951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to acute stress leads to diverse changes, which include either beneficial or deleterious effects on molecular levels that are implicated in stress-related disorders. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated signalings, are thought to be vital players in stress-related mental disorders as well as attractive therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. In the present study, we utilized acute stress models in mice to explore regulation of phosphorylation level of S1284 in GluN2B subunit of NMDAR. We found out that forced swimming and acute restraint stress increased phosphorylation level of S1284, while phosphorylation level of S1284 was unaltered after brief exposure to open field. Moreover, phosphorylation change of S1284 was negated by treatment of roscovitine which is believed to be a Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Besides, we showed well correlation of phosphorylation change of S1284 and immobility time during forced swimming. Collectively, our results demonstrated that phosphorylation level of S1284 in GluN2B was regulated by acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ai
- Department of Physiology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xu-Pang Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei-Qing Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, 571199, China.
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WAVE1 in neurons expressing the D1 dopamine receptor regulates cellular and behavioral actions of cocaine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1395-1400. [PMID: 28115704 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621185114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) regulates actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex-mediated actin polymerization. Our previous studies have found WAVE1 to be inhibited by Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation in brain and to play a role in the regulation of dendritic spine morphology. Here we report that mice in which WAVE1 was knocked out (KO) in neurons expressing the D1 dopamine receptor (D1-KO), but not mice where WAVE1 was knocked out in neurons expressing the D2 dopamine receptor (D2-KO), exhibited a significant decrease in place preference associated with cocaine. In contrast to wild-type (WT) and WAVE1 D2-KO mice, cocaine-induced sensitized locomotor behavior was not maintained in WAVE1 D1-KO mice. After chronic cocaine administration and following withdrawal, an acute cocaine challenge induced WAVE1 activation in striatum, which was assessed by dephosphorylation. The cocaine-induced WAVE1 dephosphorylation was attenuated by coadministration of either a D1 dopamine receptor or NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist. Upon an acute challenge of cocaine following chronic cocaine exposure and withdrawal, we also observed in WT, but not in WAVE1 D1-KO mice, a decrease in dendritic spine density and a decrease in the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic AMPA receptor currents in medium spiny projection neurons expressing the D1 dopamine receptor (D1-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that WAVE1 is involved selectively in D1-MSNs in cocaine-evoked neuronal activity-mediated feedback regulation of glutamatergic synapses.
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Cissé M, Duplan E, Checler F. The transcription factor XBP1 in memory and cognition: Implications in Alzheimer disease. Mol Med 2017; 22:905-917. [PMID: 28079229 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a unique basic region leucine zipper transcription factor isolated two decades ago in a search for regulators of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression. XBP1 is a very complex protein regulating many physiological functions, including immune system, inflammatory responses, and lipid metabolism. Evidence over the past few years suggests that XBP1 also plays important roles in pathological settings since its activity as transcription factor has profound effects on the prognosis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Here we provide an overview on recent advances in our understanding of this multifaceted molecule, particularly in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory function, and the implications in neurodegenerative diseases with emphasis on Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Cissé
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale" and "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Duplan
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale" and "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale" and "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Shukla V, Seo J, Binukumar B, Amin ND, Reddy P, Grant P, Kuntz S, Kesavapany S, Steiner J, Mishra SK, Tsai LH, Pant HC. TFP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive Cdk5/p25, Attenuates Pathological Phenotypes and Restores Synaptic Function in CK-p25Tg Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:335-349. [PMID: 28085018 PMCID: PMC10020940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be, in part, responsible for the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has been proposed by several laboratories that hyperactive cdk5 results from the overexpression of p25 (a truncated fragment of p35, the normal cdk5 regulator), which, when complexed to cdk5, induces hyperactivity, hyperphosphorylated tau/NFTs, amyloid-β plaques, and neuronal death. It has previously been shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the cdk5 activator p35, penetrated the blood-brain barrier and significantly rescued AD-like pathology in 5XFAD model mice. The principal pathology in the 5XFAD mutant, however, is extensive amyloid plaques; hence, as a proof of concept, we believe it is essential to demonstrate the peptide's efficacy in a mouse model expressing high levels of p25, such as the inducible CK-p25Tg model mouse that overexpresses p25 in CamKII positive neurons. Using a modified TFP5 treatment, here we show that peptide i.p. injections in these mice decrease cdk5 hyperactivity, tau, neurofilament-M/H hyperphosphorylation, and restore synaptic function and behavior (i.e., spatial working memory, motor deficit using Rota-rod). It is noteworthy that TFP5 does not inhibit endogenous cdk5/p35 activity, nor other cdks in vivo suggesting it might have no toxic side effects, and may serve as an excellent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders expressing abnormally high brain levels of p25 and hyperactive cdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B.K. Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niranjana D. Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Preethi Reddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Kuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence to: Dr. Harish C. Pant, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Cheng J, Liu X, Cao L, Zhang T, Li H, Lin W. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin induces low expression of NMDA receptors and postoperative cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Posada-Duque RA, Ramirez O, Härtel S, Inestrosa NC, Bodaleo F, González-Billault C, Kirkwood A, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 downregulation enhances synaptic plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:153-172. [PMID: 27506619 PMCID: PMC11107552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CDK5 is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in the normal function of the adult brain and plays a role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, its over-regulation has been associated with Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits. Our previous studies have demonstrated that CDK5 targeting using shRNA-miR provides neuroprotection and prevents cognitive deficits. Dendritic spine morphogenesis and forms of long-term synaptic plasticity-such as long-term potentiation (LTP)-have been proposed as essential processes of neuroplasticity. However, whether CDK5 participates in these processes remains controversial and depends on the experimental model. Using wild-type mice that received injections of CDK5 shRNA-miR in CA1 showed an increased LTP and recovered the PPF in deficient LTP of APPswe/PS1Δ9 transgenic mice. On mature hippocampal neurons CDK5, shRNA-miR for 12 days induced increased dendritic protrusion morphogenesis, which was dependent on Rac activity. In addition, silencing of CDK5 increased BDNF expression, temporarily increased phosphorylation of CaMKII, ERK, and CREB; and facilitated calcium signaling in neurites. Together, our data suggest that CDK5 downregulation induces synaptic plasticity in mature neurons involving Ca2+ signaling and BDNF/CREB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Piso 4, Laboratorio 412, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine (CIMT), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine (CIMT), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Bodaleo
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Piso 4, Laboratorio 412, Medellín, Colombia.
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70
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Mushtaq G, Greig NH, Anwar F, Al-Abbasi FA, Zamzami MA, Al-Talhi HA, Kamal MA. Neuroprotective Mechanisms Mediated by CDK5 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:527-34. [PMID: 26601962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151124235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase belonging to the family of cyclin-dependent kinases. In addition to maintaining the neuronal architecture, CDK5 plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neuron migration and neurite outgrowth. Although various reports have shown links between neurodegeneration and deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, the specific role of CDK5 inhibition in causing neuroprotection in cases of neuronal insult or in neurodegenerative diseases is not wellunderstood. This article discusses current evidence for the involvement of CDK5 deregulation in neurodegenerative disorders and neurodegeneration associated with stroke through various mechanisms. These include upregulation of cyclin D1 and overactivation of CDK5 mediated neuronal cell death pathways, aberrant hyperphosphorylation of human tau proteins and/or neurofilament proteins, formation of neurofibrillary lesions, excitotoxicity, cytoskeletal disruption, motor neuron death (due to abnormally high levels of CDK5/p25) and colchicine- induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. A better understanding of the role of CDK5 inhibition in neuroprotective mechanisms will help scientists and researchers to develop selective, safe and efficacious pharmacological inhibitors of CDK5 for therapeutic use against human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuronal loss associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Yang YJ, Zhao Y, Yu B, Xu GG, Wang W, Zhan JQ, Tang ZY, Wang T, Wei B. GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors contribute to the beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide on cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2016; 335:170-83. [PMID: 27581687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of clinical dementia. Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is implicated with the pathology of AD, and exogenous H2S attenuates spatial memory impairments in AD animal models. However, the molecular mechanism by which H2S improves cognition in AD has not been fully explored. Here, we report that chronic administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) elevated hippocampal H2S levels and enhanced hippocampus-dependent contextual fear memory and novel object recognition in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. In parallel with these behavioral results, treating transgenic mice with NaHS reversed impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), which is deemed as the neurobiological basis of learning and memory. At the molecular level, we found that treatment with NaHS did not affect the expression of the GluN1 and GluN2A subunits of NMDA receptor (NMDAR), but did prevent the downregulation of GluN2B subunit and restored its synaptic abundance, response and downstream signaling in the hippocampus in transgenic mice. Moreover, applying Ro 25-6981, a specific GluN2B antagonist, abolished the beneficial effects of NaHS on cognitive performance and hippocampal LTP in transgenic mice. Collectively, our results indicate that H2S can reverse cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits in AD model mice by restoring surface GluN2B expression and the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China; Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Guo-Gang Xu
- Nanlou Respiratory Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China.
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Luo F, Hu Y, Zhao W, Zuo Z, Yu Q, Liu Z, Lin J, Feng Y, Li B, Wu L, Xu L. Maternal Exposure of Rats to Isoflurane during Late Pregnancy Impairs Spatial Learning and Memory in the Offspring by Up-Regulating the Expression of Histone Deacetylase 2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160826. [PMID: 27536989 PMCID: PMC4990207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that most general anesthetics can harm developing neurons and induce cognitive dysfunction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been implicated in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Our previous results showed that maternal exposure to general anesthetics during late pregnancy impaired the offspring's learning and memory, but the role of HDAC2 in it is not known yet. In the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen for 2, 4 or 8 hours or to 100% oxygen only for 8 hours on gestation day 18 (E18). The offspring born to each rat were randomly subdivided into 2 subgroups. Thirty days after birth, the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess learning and memory in the offspring. Two hours before each MWM trial, an HDAC inhibitor (SAHA) was given to the offspring in one subgroup, whereas a control solvent was given to those in the other subgroup. The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus. These changes were proportional to the duration of the maternal exposure to isoflurane and were reversed by SAHA. These results suggest that exposure to isoflurane during late pregnancy can damage the learning and memory of the offspring rats via the HDAC2-CREB -NR2B pathway. This effect can be reversed by HDAC2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foquan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Weilu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States of America
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Jiamei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Yunlin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Binda Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liuqin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
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Wang S, Sheng T, Ren S, Tian T, Lu W. Distinct Roles of PKCι/λ and PKMζ in the Initiation and Maintenance of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1954-61. [PMID: 27498875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PKMζ has been proposed to be essential for maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term memory (LTM). However, recent data from PKMζ-knockout mice has called this role into question. Instead, the other atypical isoform, protein kinase C iota/lambda (PKCι/λ), has emerged as a potential alternative player. Therefore, the nature of the "memory molecule" maintaining learned information remains uncertain. Here, we report knockdown (KD) of PKCι/λ and PKMζ in the dorsal hippocampus and find deficits in early expression and late maintenance, respectively, during both LTP and hippocampus-dependent LTM. Sequential increases in the active form of PKCι/λ and PKMζ are detected during LTP or fear conditioning. Importantly, PKMζ, but not PKCι/λ, KD disrupts previously established LTM. Thus, PKCι/λ and PKMζ have distinct functions in LTP and memory, with PKMζ playing a specific role in memory maintenance. This relaying pattern may represent a precise molecular mechanism by which atypical PKCs regulate the different stages of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China; Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China; Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Siqiang Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Wei Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China; Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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Mannix R, Berkner J, Mei Z, Alcon S, Hashim J, Robinson S, Jantzie L, Meehan WP, Qiu J. Adolescent Mice Demonstrate a Distinct Pattern of Injury after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:495-504. [PMID: 27368354 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in outcomes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) (e.g., sports concussions). Although most of the scientific attention has focused on elite athlete populations, the sequelae of rmTBI in children and young adults have not been well studied. Prior TBI studies have suggested that developmental differences in response to injury, including differences in excitotoxicity and inflammation, could result in differences in functional and histopathological outcomes after injury. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes in adolescent (5-week-old) versus adult (4-month-old) mice in a clinically relevant model of rmTBI. We hypothesized that functional and histopathological outcomes after rmTBI would differ in developing adolescent brains compared with mature adult brains. Male adolescent and adult (C57Bl/6) mice were subjected to a weight drop model of rmTBI (n = 10-16/group). Loss of consciousness (LOC) after each injury was measured. Functional outcomes were assessed including tests of balance (rotorod), spatial memory (Morris water maze), and impulsivity (elevated plus maze). After behavioral testing, brains were assessed for histopathological outcomes including microglial immunolabeling and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit expression. Injured adolescent mice had longer LOC than injured adult mice compared with their respective sham controls. Compared with sham mice, adolescent and adult mice subjected to rmTBI had impaired balance, increased impulsivity, and worse spatial memory that persisted up to 3 months after injury, and the effect of injury was worse in adolescent than in adult mice in terms of spatial memory. Three months after injury, adolescent and adult mice demonstrated increased ionized calcium binding adaptor 1 (IbA1) immunolabeling compared with sham controls. Compared with sham controls, NMDA receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) expression in the hippocampus was reduced by ∼20% in both adolescent and adult injured mice. The data suggest that injured adolescent mice may show a distinct pattern of functional deficits after injury that warrants further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Mannix
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Berkner
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhengrong Mei
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sasha Alcon
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jumana Hashim
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- 2 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Jantzie
- 5 Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Office of Pediatric Research, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - William P Meehan
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 6 The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 7 Sports Concussion Clinic, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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75
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Cdk5 Modulates Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Motor Learning in Dorsolateral Striatum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29812. [PMID: 27443506 PMCID: PMC4957238 DOI: 10.1038/srep29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum controls multiple cognitive aspects including motivation, reward perception, decision-making and motor planning. In particular, the dorsolateral striatum contributes to motor learning. Here we define an approach for investigating synaptic plasticity in mouse dorsolateral cortico-striatal circuitry and interrogate the relative contributions of neurotransmitter receptors and intracellular signaling components. Consistent with previous studies, we show that long-term potentiation (LTP) in cortico-striatal circuitry is facilitated by dopamine, and requires activation of D1-dopamine receptors, as well as NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and their calcium-dependent downstream effectors, including CaMKII. Moreover, we assessed the contribution of the protein kinase Cdk5, a key neuronal signaling molecule, in cortico-striatal LTP. Pharmacological Cdk5 inhibition, brain-wide Cdk5 conditional knockout, or viral-mediated dorsolateral striatal-specific loss of Cdk5 all impaired dopamine-facilitated LTP or D1-dopamine receptor-facilitated LTP. Selective loss of Cdk5 in dorsolateral striatum increased locomotor activity and attenuated motor learning. Taken together, we report an approach for studying synaptic plasticity in mouse dorsolateral striatum and critically implicate D1-dopamine receptor, NMDAR, Cdk5, and CaMKII in cortico-striatal plasticity. Furthermore, we associate striatal plasticity deficits with effects upon behaviors mediated by this circuitry. This approach should prove useful for the study of the molecular basis of plasticity in the dorsolateral striatum.
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76
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Uribe-Arias A, Posada-Duque RA, González-Billault C, Villegas A, Lopera F, Cardona-Gómez GP. p120-catenin is necessary for neuroprotection induced by CDK5 silencing in models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 138:624-39. [PMID: 27273428 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays important roles in synaptic function. Its unregulated over-activation has been, however, associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies revealed that CDK5 silencing ameliorates tauopathy and spatial memory impairment in the 3xTgAD mouse model. However, how CDK5 targeting affects synaptic adhesion proteins, such as those involved in the cadherin/catenin system, during learning and memory processes is not completely understood. In this study, we detected reduced expression of p120 catenin (p120 ctn), N-cadherin, and β-catenin in the brain of human Alzheimer's disease patients, in addition to a reduced PSD95 and GluN2B protein levels in a 3xTgAD mouse model. Such decrease in synaptic proteins was recovered by CDK5 silencing in mice leading to a better learning and memory performance. Additionally, CDK5 inhibition or knockout increased p120 ctn levels. Moreover, in a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model, CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection depended on p120 ctn. Together, those findings suggest that p120 ctn plays an important role in the neuronal dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease models and contributes to CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection and improvement of memory function. p120ctn is part of the synaptic adhesion molecular complex N-cadh/p120ctn/B-ctn/PSD95, and it has a pivotal role in cell adhesion stabilization and dendritic spine modulation. Our data show that synaptic adhesion complex is affected in AD human brains and in AD models. This complex is recovered by the silencing of CDK5, preventing memory dysfunction in an AD mice model and contributing to the neuroprotection in a depend-mode of p120ctn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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77
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Sheng Y, Zhang L, Su SC, Tsai LH, Julius Zhu J. Cdk5 is a New Rapid Synaptic Homeostasis Regulator Capable of Initiating the Early Alzheimer-Like Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:2937-51. [PMID: 26088971 PMCID: PMC4898661 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in synaptic plasticity, behavior, and cognition, yet its synaptic function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that physiological Cdk5 signaling in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons regulates homeostatic synaptic transmission using an unexpectedly rapid mechanism that is different from all known slow homeostatic regulators, such as beta amyloid (Aβ) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, aka Arg3.1). Interestingly, overproduction of the potent Cdk5 activator p25 reduces synapse density, and dynamically regulates synaptic size by suppressing or enhancing Aβ/Arc production. Moreover, chronic overproduction of p25, seen in Alzheimer's patients, induces initially concurrent reduction in synapse density and increase in synaptic size characteristic of the early Alzheimer-like pathology, and later persistent synapse elimination in intact brains. These results identify Cdk5 as the regulator of a novel rapid form of homeostasis at central synapses and p25 as the first molecule capable of initiating the early Alzheimer's synaptic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Undergraduate Class of 2011, Yuanpei Honors College, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susan C. Su
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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78
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Yousuf MA, Tan C, Torres-Altoro MI, Lu FM, Plautz E, Zhang S, Takahashi M, Hernandez A, Kernie SG, Plattner F, Bibb JA. Involvement of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p25 activity in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2016; 138:317-27. [PMID: 26998748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with adverse effects on brain functions, including sensation, language, emotions and/or cognition. Therapies for improving outcomes following TBI are limited. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI may suggest novel treatment strategies to facilitate recovery and improve treatment outcome. Aberrant activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Cdk5 is a neuronal protein kinase activated via interaction with its cofactor p35 that regulates numerous neuronal functions, including synaptic remodeling and cognition. However, conversion of p35 to p25 via Ca(2+) -dependent activation of calpain results in an aberrantly active Cdk5/p25 complex that is associated with neuronal damage and cell death. Here, we show that mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), a well-established experimental TBI model, exhibit increased p25 levels and consistently elevated Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in hippocampal lysates. Moreover, CCI-induced neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astrocytic activation and number of reactive microglia. Brain-wide conditional Cdk5 knockout mice (Cdk5 cKO) subjected to CCI exhibited significantly reduced edema, ventricular dilation, and injury area. Finally, neurophysiological recordings revealed that CCI attenuated excitatory post-synaptic potential field responses in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway 24 h after injury. This neurophysiological deficit was attenuated in Cdk5 cKO mice. Thus, TBI induces increased levels of p25 generation and aberrant Cdk5 activity, which contributes to pathophysiological processes underlying TBI progression. Hence, selectively preventing aberrant Cdk5 activity may be an effective acute strategy to improve recovery from TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases astrogliosis and microglial activation. Moreover, TBI deregulates Ca(2+) -homeostasis triggering p25 production. The protein kinase Cdk5 is aberrantly activated by p25 leading to phosphorylation of substrates including tau and Rb protein. Loss of Cdk5 attenuates TBI lesion size, indicating that Cdk5 is a critical player in TBI pathogenesis and thus may be a suitable therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Yousuf
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa I Torres-Altoro
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fang-Min Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Erik Plautz
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adan Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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79
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Li L, Li Z, Cao Y, Fan D, Chui D, Guo X. Increased extrasynaptic GluN2B expression is involved in cognitive impairment after isoflurane anesthesia. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:161-168. [PMID: 27347033 PMCID: PMC4906658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the aging population, and general anesthetics are believed to be involved. Isoflurane exposure induced increased N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) GluN2B subunit expression following anesthesia, which was accompanied by alteration of the cognitive function. However, whether isoflurane affects this expression in different subcellular compartments, and is involved in the development of POCD remains to be elucidated. The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of isoflurane on the expression of the synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR subunits, GluN2A and GluN2B, as well as the associated alteration of cognitive function in aged rats. The GluN2B antagonist, Ro25–6981, was given to rats exposed to isoflurane to determine the role of GluN2B in the isoflurane-induced alteration of cognitive function. The results showed that spatial learning and memory tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) was impaired at least 7 days after isoflurane exposure, and was returned to control levels 30 days thereafter. Ro25-6981 treatment can alleviate this impairment. Extrasynaptic GluN2B protein expression, but not synaptic GluN2B or GluN2A, increased significantly after isoflurane exposure compared to non-isoflurane exposure, and returned to control levels approximately 30 days thereafter. The results of the present study indicated that isoflurane induced the prolonged upregulation of extrasynaptic GluN2B expression after anesthesia and is involved in reversible cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunxu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Dehua Chui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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80
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Brühl AB, Sahakian BJ. Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1369:195-217. [PMID: 27043232 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As work environments change, the demands on working people change. Cognitive abilities in particular are becoming progressively more important for work performance and successful competition in a global environment. However, work-related stress, performance over long hours, lack of sleep, shift work, and jet lag affect cognitive functions. Therefore, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cognitive-enhancing drugs, as well as other interventions, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, to maintain or improve work performance. This review summarizes research on pharmacological and technical methods as well as cognitive training, including game apps for the brain, in healthy people. In neuropsychiatric disorders, impairments in cognitive functions can drastically reduce the chances of returning to work; therefore, this review also summarizes findings from pharmacological and cognitive-training studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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81
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Neurophysiological and Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Depression Disorders and Search for New Directions of Treatment. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-015-9542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Zhang P, Fu WY, Fu AKY, Ip NY. S-nitrosylation-dependent proteasomal degradation restrains Cdk5 activity to regulate hippocampal synaptic strength. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8665. [PMID: 26503494 PMCID: PMC4639907 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of synaptic strength requires coordinated activity and functions of synaptic proteins, which is controlled by a variety of post-translational modification. Here we report that S-nitrosylation of p35, the activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), by nitric oxide (NO) is important for the regulation of excitatory synaptic strength. While blockade of NO signalling results in structural and functional synaptic deficits as indicated by reduced mature dendritic spine density and surface expression of glutamate receptor subunits, phosphorylation of numerous synaptic substrates of Cdk5 and its activity are aberrantly upregulated following reduced NO production. The results show that the NO-induced reduction in Cdk5 activity is mediated by S-nitrosylation of p35, resulting in its ubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ligase PJA2. Silencing p35 protein in hippocampal neurons partially rescues the NO blockade-induced synaptic deficits. These findings collectively demonstrate that p35 S-nitrosylation by NO signalling is critical for regulating hippocampal synaptic strength. Phosphorylation of synaptic substrates by Cdk5 plays an essential role in synapse development. Here Zhang et al. reveal that S-nitrosylation of the activator of Cdk5, p35, by nitric oxide results in its degradation and reduced Cdk5 activity, leading to alterations in synaptic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Divison of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yu Fu
- Divison of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Divison of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Divison of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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83
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Wilkaniec A, Czapski GA, Adamczyk A. Cdk5 at crossroads of protein oligomerization in neurodegenerative diseases: facts and hypotheses. J Neurochem 2015; 136:222-33. [PMID: 26376455 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in proper neurodevelopment and brain function and serves as a switch between neuronal survival and death. Overactivation of Cdk5 is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important link between disease-initiating factors and cell death effectors. A common hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is incorrect folding of specific proteins, thus leading to their intra- and extracellular accumulation in the nervous system. Abnormal Cdk5 signaling contributes to dysfunction of individual proteins and has a substantial role in either direct or indirect interactions of proteins common to, and critical in, different neurodegenerative diseases. While the roles of Cdk5 in α-synuclein (ASN) - tau or β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) - tau interactions are well documented, its contribution to many other pertinent interactions, such as that of ASN with Aβ, or interactions of the Aβ - ASN - tau triad with prion proteins, did not get beyond plausible hypotheses and remains to be proven. Understanding of the exact position of Cdk5 in the deleterious feed-forward loop critical for development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases may help designing successful therapeutic strategies of several fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important factor involved in protein misfolding, toxicity and interaction. We suggest that Cdk5 may contribute to the vicious circle of neurotoxic events involved in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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84
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Wang G, Bochorishvili G, Chen Y, Salvati KA, Zhang P, Dubel SJ, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Stornetta RL, Deisseroth K, Erisir A, Todorovic SM, Luo JH, Kapur J, Beenhakker MP, Zhu JJ. CaV3.2 calcium channels control NMDA receptor-mediated transmission: a new mechanism for absence epilepsy. Genes Dev 2015. [PMID: 26220996 PMCID: PMC4526737 DOI: 10.1101/gad.260869.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels, encoded by CACNA1H, are expressed throughout the brain, yet their general function remains unclear. We discovered that CaV3.2 channels control NMDA-sensitive glutamatergic receptor (NMDA-R)-mediated transmission and subsequent NMDA-R-dependent plasticity of AMPA-R-mediated transmission at rat central synapses. Interestingly, functional CaV3.2 channels primarily incorporate into synapses, replace existing CaV3.2 channels, and can induce local calcium influx to control NMDA transmission strength in an activity-dependent manner. Moreover, human childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)-linked hCaV3.2(C456S) mutant channels have a higher channel open probability, induce more calcium influx, and enhance glutamatergic transmission. Remarkably, cortical expression of hCaV3.2(C456S) channels in rats induces 2- to 4-Hz spike and wave discharges and absence-like epilepsy characteristic of CAE patients, which can be suppressed by AMPA-R and NMDA-R antagonists but not T-type calcium channel antagonists. These results reveal an unexpected role of CaV3.2 channels in regulating NMDA-R-mediated transmission and a novel epileptogenic mechanism for human CAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Genrieta Bochorishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Yucai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Kathryn A Salvati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Steve J Dubel
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Physiologie, Unité Propre de Recherche 2580, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Edward Perez-Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ruth L Stornetta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alev Erisir
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Jian-Hong Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Mark P Beenhakker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - J Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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85
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Lussier MP, Sanz-Clemente A, Roche KW. Dynamic Regulation of N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors by Posttranslational Modifications. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28596-603. [PMID: 26453298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.652750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many molecular mechanisms underlie the changes in synaptic glutamate receptor content that are required by neuronal networks to generate cellular correlates of learning and memory. During the last decade, posttranslational modifications have emerged as critical regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Notably, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and palmitoylation control the stability, trafficking, and synaptic expression of glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. In the current review, we will summarize some of the progress made by the neuroscience community regarding our understanding of phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and palmitoylation of the NMDA and AMPA subtypes of glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Lussier
- From the Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Antonio Sanz-Clemente
- the Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Katherine W Roche
- the Receptor Biology Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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86
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Rai R, Singh HK, Prasad S. A Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) Restores Learning and Memory by Upregulating Expression of the NMDA Receptor Subunit GluN2B in the Brain of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:254303. [PMID: 26413117 PMCID: PMC4564605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present communication, we have investigated effects of the CDRI-08, a well characterized extract of Bacopa monnieri, on expression of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in various brain regions of the scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Our behavioral data reveal that scopolamine-treated amnesic mice exhibit significant decline in the spatial memory compared to the normal control mice. Our RT-PCR and immunoblotting data revealed that the scopolamine treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our enzyme assay data revealed that scopolamine caused a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in both the brain regions. Further, oral administration of the CDRI-08 to scopolamine-treated amnesic mice restored the spatial memory which was found to be associated with significant upregulation of the GluN2B subunit expression and decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity in prefrontal cortex as well as hippocampus towards their levels in the normal control mice. Our study provides the evidence for the mechanism underlying role of the Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in restoring spatial memory in amnesic mice, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Hemant K. Singh
- Lumen Research Foundation, Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600083, India
| | - S. Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the most fatal chronic neurodegenerative disease in adults along with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), is reported to intimately associate with the process of the pathogenesis of AD. Cdk5 is of vital importance in the development of CNS and neuron movements such as neuronal migration and differentiation, synaptic functions, and memory consolidation. However, when neurons suffer from pathological stimuli, Cdk5 activity becomes hyperactive and causes aberrant hyperphosphorylation of various substrates of Cdk5 like amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau and neurofilament, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Deregulation of Cdk5 contributes to an array of pathological events in AD, ranging from formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction to cell cycle reactivation as well as neuronal cell apoptosis. More importantly, an inhibition of Cdk5 activity with inhibitors such as RNA inference (RNAi) could protect from memory decline and neuronal cell loss through suppressing β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and tauopathies. This review will briefly describe the above-mentioned possible roles of Cdk5 in the physiological and pathological mechanisms of AD, further discussing recent advances and challenges in Cdk5 as a therapeutic target.
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88
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Lu W, Fang W, Li J, Zhang B, Yang Q, Yan X, Peng L, Ai H, Wang JJ, Liu X, Luo J, Yang W. Phosphorylation of Tyrosine 1070 at the GluN2B Subunit Is Regulated by Synaptic Activity and Critical for Surface Expression of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22945-54. [PMID: 26229100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and subunit composition of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory and are implicated in neurological disorders. Tyrosine phosphorylation provides a powerful means of regulating NMDAR function, but the underling mechanism remains elusive. In this study we identified a tyrosine site on the GluN2B subunit, Tyr-1070, which was phosphorylated by a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein (Fyn) kinase and critical for the surface expression of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. The phosphorylation of GluN2B at Tyr-1070 was required for binding of Fyn kinase to GluN2B, which up-regulated the phosphorylation of GluN2B at Tyr-1472. Moreover, our results revealed that the phosphorylation change of GluN2B at Tyr-1070 accompanied the Tyr-1472 phosphorylation and Fyn associated with GluN2B in synaptic plasticity induced by both chemical and contextual fear learning. Taken together, our findings provide a new mechanism for regulating the surface expression of NMDARs with implications for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weiqing Fang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian Li
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China, and
| | - Bin Zhang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qian Yang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xunyi Yan
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Peng
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Heng Ai
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jie-jie Wang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China,
| | - Wei Yang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China,
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89
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Plattner F, Hayashi K, Hernández A, Benavides DR, Tassin TC, Tan C, Day J, Fina MW, Yuen EY, Yan Z, Goldberg MS, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Nestler EJ, Taussig R, Nishi A, Houslay MD, Bibb JA. The role of ventral striatal cAMP signaling in stress-induced behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1094-100. [PMID: 26192746 PMCID: PMC4519694 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade is a ubiquitous pathway acting downstream of multiple neuromodulators. We found that the phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) by cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) facilitated cAMP degradation and homeostasis of cAMP/PKA signaling. In mice, loss of Cdk5 throughout the forebrain elevated cAMP levels and increased PKA activity in striatal neurons, and altered behavioral responses to acute or chronic stressors. Ventral striatum- or D1 dopamine receptor-specific conditional knockout of Cdk5, or ventral striatum infusion of a small interfering peptide that selectively targeted the regulation of PDE4 by Cdk5, produced analogous effects on stress-induced behavioral responses. Together, our results demonstrate that altering cAMP signaling in medium spiny neurons of the ventral striatum can effectively modulate stress-induced behavioral states. We propose that targeting the Cdk5 regulation of PDE4 could be a new therapeutic approach for clinical conditions associated with stress, such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adan Hernández
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David R Benavides
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tara C Tassin
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Day
- Division of Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maggy W Fina
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eunice Y Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. [2] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. [2] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Taussig
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miles D Houslay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James A Bibb
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. [2] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. [3] Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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90
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Tang Y, Ye M, Du Y, Qiu X, Lv X, Yang W, Luo J. EGFR signaling upregulates surface expression of the GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor and contributes to long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 2015. [PMID: 26204818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been known to be regulated by various receptor tyrosine kinases. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specifically increases NMDAR-mediated currents and enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. However, the mechanism through which EGFR regulates NMDARs remains to be elucidated. In this study we found that EGFR was highly expressed in the hippocampus and mainly localized in the non-synaptic region including the soma and neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons. EGFR activation led to an increase in ifenprodil-sensitive NMDAR currents. Consistent with this, we also observed that surface expression of GluN2B-containing NMDAR was upregulated. Our biochemical data from hippocampal slices and hippocampal cultured neurons demonstrated that EGF treatment in vitro significantly increased phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit at Y1472 with a coincidental activation of Src family kinases (SFKs). EGFR blockade with a specific antagonist BIBX-1382 attenuated an increase of GluN2B in the postsynaptic density during high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced LTP. Moreover, BIBX blockade significantly impaired HFS-induced LTP. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EGFR signaling upregulates NMDARs through modification of the GluN2B subunit, and is required for HFS-induced LTP in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - M Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Y Du
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - X Lv
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - J Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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91
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Monaco SA, Gulchina Y, Gao WJ. NR2B subunit in the prefrontal cortex: A double-edged sword for working memory function and psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:127-38. [PMID: 26143512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region featured with working memory function. The exact mechanism of how working memory operates within the PFC circuitry is unknown, but persistent neuronal firing recorded from prefrontal neurons during a working memory task is proposed to be the neural correlate of this mnemonic encoding. The PFC appears to be specialized for sustaining persistent firing, with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, especially slow-decay NR2B subunits, playing an essential role in the maintenance of sustained activity and normal working memory function. However, the NR2B subunit serves as a double-edged sword for PFC function. Because of its slow kinetics, NR2B endows the PFC with not only "neural psychic" properties, but also susceptibilities for neuroexcitotoxicity and psychiatric disorders. This review aims to clarify the interplay among working memory, the PFC, and NMDA receptors; demonstrate the importance of NR2B in the maintenance of persistent activity; understand the risks and vulnerabilities of how NR2B is related to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders; identify gaps that currently exist in our understanding of these processes; and provide insights regarding future directions that may clarify these issues. We conclude that the PFC is a specialized brain region with distinct delayed maturation, unique neuronal circuitry, and characteristic NMDA receptor function. The unique properties and development of NMDA receptors, especially enrichment of NR2B subunits, endow the PFC with not only the capability to generate sustained activity for working memory, but also serves as a major vulnerability to environmental insults and risk factors for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Monaco
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Room 243, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Yelena Gulchina
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Room 243, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Room 243, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
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92
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A novel phosphorylation site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluN2B at S1284 is regulated by Cdk5 in neuronal ischemia. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:251-8. [PMID: 26093036 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a key player in synaptic and several neurological diseases, such as stroke. Phosphorylation of NMDAR subunits at their cytoplasmic carboxyl termini has been considered to be an important mechanism to regulate the receptor function. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been demonstrated to be responsible for regulating phosphorylation and function of NMDARs. Besides, it is also suggested that Cdk5 is involved in ischemic insult. In the present study, we showed that GluN2B subunit serine 1284 at its cytoplasmic carboxyl termini was regulated by Cdk5 in neuronal ischemia. Interestingly, both oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured hippocampal neurons and transient global ischemia in mice induce dramatic changes in the phosphorylated level of GluN2B at S1284. However, no significant changes in the phosphorylation of this site are found neither in chemical LTP stimulation in cultured hippocampal neurons nor fear conditioning in adult mice. Taken together, our study identified NMDAR GluN2B S1284 as a novel phosphorylation site regulated by Cdk5 with implication in neuronal ischemia.
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93
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Sun MK, Nelson TJ, Alkon DL. Towards universal therapeutics for memory disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:384-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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94
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Tassin TC, Benavides DR, Plattner F, Nishi A, Bibb JA. Regulation of ERK Kinase by MEK1 Kinase Inhibition in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16319-29. [PMID: 25971971 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic (slow) and ionotropic (fast) neurotransmission are integrated by intracellular signal transduction mechanisms involving protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation to achieve experience-dependent alterations in brain circuitry. ERK is an important effector of both slow and fast forms of neurotransmission and has been implicated in normal brain function and CNS diseases. Here we characterize phosphorylation of the ERK-activating protein kinase MEK1 by Cdk5, ERK, and Cdk1 in vitro in intact mouse brain tissue and in the context of an animal behavioral paradigm of stress. Cdk5 only phosphorylates Thr-292, whereas ERK and Cdk1 phosphorylate both Thr-292 and Thr-286 MEK1. These sites interact in a kinase-specific manner and inhibit the ability of MEK1 to activate ERK. Thr-292 and Thr-286 MEK1 are phosphorylated in most mouse brain regions to stoichiometries of ~5% or less. Phosphorylation of Thr-292 MEK1 is regulated by cAMP-dependent signaling in mouse striatum in a manner consistent with negative feedback inhibition in response to ERK activation. Protein phosphatase 1 and 2A contribute to the maintenance of the basal phosphorylation state of both Thr-292 and Thr-286 MEK1 and that of ERK. Activation of the NMDA class of ionotropic glutamate receptors reduces inhibitory MEK1 phosphorylation, whereas forced swim, a paradigm of acute stress, attenuates Thr-292 MEK1 phosphorylation. Together, the data indicate that these inhibitory MEK1 sites phosphorylated by Cdk5 and ERK1 serve as mechanistic points of convergence for the regulation of ERK signaling by both slow and fast neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Benavides
- the Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, and
| | | | - Akinori Nishi
- the Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - James A Bibb
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390,
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95
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Posada-Duque RA, López-Tobón A, Piedrahita D, González-Billault C, Cardona-Gomez GP. p35 and Rac1 underlie the neuroprotection and cognitive improvement induced by CDK5 silencing. J Neurochem 2015; 134:354-70. [PMID: 25864429 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CDK5 plays an important role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the normal function of the adult brain, and dysregulation can lead to Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RNAi knock down of CDK5 reduced the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and prevented neuronal loss in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Here, we report that CDK5 RNAi protected against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity using primary hippocampal neurons transduced with adeno-associated virus 2.5 viral vector eGFP-tagged scrambled or CDK5 shRNA-miR during 12 days. Protection was dependent on a concomitant increase in p35 and was reversed using p35 RNAi, which affected the down-stream Rho GTPase activity. Furthermore, p35 over-expression and constitutively active Rac1 mimicked CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection. In addition, 3xTg-Alzheimer's disease mice (24 months old) were injected in the hippocampus with scrambled or CDK5 shRNA-miR, and spatial learning and memory were performed 3 weeks post-injection using 'Morris' water maze test. Our data showed that CDK5 knock down induced an increase in p35 protein levels and Rac activity in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice, which correlated with the recovery of cognitive function; these findings confirm that increased p35 and active Rac are involved in neuroprotection. In summary, our data suggest that p35 acts as a mediator of Rho GTPase activity and contributes to the neuroprotection induced by CDK5 RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andres Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro López-Tobón
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Piedrahita
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gomez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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96
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Life extension factor klotho prevents mortality and enhances cognition in hAPP transgenic mice. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2358-71. [PMID: 25673831 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5791-12.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the principal demographic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Klotho is a key modulator of the aging process and, when overexpressed, extends mammalian lifespan, increases synaptic plasticity, and enhances cognition. Whether klotho can counteract deficits related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, is unknown. Here we show that elevating klotho expression decreases premature mortality and network dysfunction in human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice, which simulate key aspects of AD. Increasing klotho levels prevented depletion of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the hippocampus and enhanced spatial learning and memory in hAPP mice. Klotho elevation in hAPP mice increased the abundance of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in postsynaptic densities and NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation, which is critical for learning and memory. Thus, increasing wild-type klotho levels or activities improves synaptic and cognitive functions, and may be of therapeutic benefit in AD and other cognitive disorders.
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97
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Conantokin-G attenuates detrimental effects of NMDAR hyperactivity in an ischemic rat model of stroke. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122840. [PMID: 25822337 PMCID: PMC4379059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective activity of conantokin-G (con-G), a naturally occurring antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), was neurologically and histologically compared in the core and peri-infarct regions after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The contralateral regions served as robust internal controls. Intrathecal injection of con-G, post-middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO), caused a dramatic decrease in brain infarct size and swelling at 4 hr, compared to 26 hr, and significant recovery of neurological deficits was observed at 26 hr. Administration of con-G facilitated neuronal recovery in the peri-infarct regions as observed by decreased neurodegeneration and diminished calcium microdeposits at 4 hr and 26 hr. Intact Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP2) staining and neuronal cytoarchitecture was observed in the peri-infarct regions of con-G treated rats at both timepoints. Con-G restored localization of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits in the neuronal soma, but not that of GluN2A, which was perinuclear in the peri-infarct regions at 4 hr and 26 hr. This suggests that molecular targeting of the GluN2B subunit has potential for reducing detrimental consequences of ischemia. Overall, the data demonstrated that stroke-induced NMDAR excitoxicity is ameliorated by con-G-mediated repair of neurological and neuroarchitectural deficits, as well as by reconstituting neuronal localization of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits in the peri-infarct region of the stroked brain.
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98
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Caveolin-1 in the anterior cingulate cortex modulates chronic neuropathic pain via regulation of NMDA receptor 2B subunit. J Neurosci 2015; 35:36-52. [PMID: 25568101 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1161-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is still a basic science and clinical challenge. Unraveling of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in chronic pain will offer novel targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. It is well known that central sensitization in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in initiation, development, and maintenance of chronic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Here, we reported that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a scaffolding protein in membrane rafts, was persistently upregulated and activated in the ACC neurons after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice. Knockdown or blocking of Cav-1 in the contralateral ACC to the injury side reversed CCI-induced pain behavioral and neuronal sensitization and overexpression of Cav-1 in the ipsilateral ACC-induced pain behavior in the unaffected hindpaw. Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 directly binding with NMDA receptor 2B subunit (NR2B) and promotion of NR2B surface levels in the ACC contributed to modulation of chronic neuropathic pain. Disrupting the interaction of Cav-1 and NR2B through microinjection of a short peptide derived from the C-terminal of NR2B into the ACC exhibited a significant anti-nociception effect associated with decrease of surface NR2B expression. Moreover, Cav-1 increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activated the ERK/CREB signaling pathway in an NR2B-dependent manner in the ACC. Our findings implicate that Cav-1 in the ACC neurons modulates chronic neuropathic pain via regulation of NR2B and subsequent activation of ERK/CREB signaling, suggesting a possible caveolin-mediated process would participate in neuronal transmission pathways implicated in pain modulation.
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99
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Rozeske RR, Valerio S, Chaudun F, Herry C. Prefrontal neuronal circuits of contextual fear conditioning. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 14:22-36. [PMID: 25287656 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, numerous studies have provided a clear understanding of the neuronal circuits and mechanisms involved in the formation, expression and extinction phases of conditioned cued fear memories. Yet, despite a strong clinical interest, a detailed understanding of these memory phases for contextual fear memories is still missing. Besides the well-known role of the hippocampus in encoding contextual fear behavior, growing evidence indicates that specific regions of the medial prefrontal cortex differentially regulate contextual fear acquisition and storage in both animals and humans that ultimately leads to expression of contextual fear memories. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the recent literature on the role of distinct prefrontal subregions in contextual fear behavior and provide a working model of the neuronal circuits involved in the acquisition, expression and generalization of contextual fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Rozeske
- INSERM U862, Neurocenter Magendie, Bordeaux, France
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100
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Castro-Alvarez JF, Uribe-Arias SA, Kosik KS, Cardona-Gómez GP. Long- and short-term CDK5 knockdown prevents spatial memory dysfunction and tau pathology of triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:243. [PMID: 25309427 PMCID: PMC4159979 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK5 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family with diverse functions in both the developing and mature nervous system. The inappropriate activation of CDK5 due to the proteolytic release of the activator fragment p25 from the membrane contributes to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and chronic neurodegeneration. At 18 months of age 3xTg-AD mice were sacrificed after 1 year (long term) or 3 weeks (short term) of CDK5 knockdown. In long-term animals CDK5 knockdown prevented insoluble Tau formation in the hippocampi and prevented spatial memory impairment. In short-term animals, CDK5 knockdown showed reduction of CDK5, reversed Tau aggregation, and improved spatial memory compared to scrambled treated old 3xTg-AD mice. Neither long-term nor short-term CDK5 knock-down had an effect on old littermates. These findings further validate CDK5 as a target for Alzheimer’s disease both as a preventive measure and after the onset of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Castro-Alvarez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Headquarters, University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - S Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Headquarters, University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Headquarters, University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia
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