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Interactions between knockout of schizophrenia risk factor Dysbindin-1 and copper metabolism in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:339-349. [PMID: 32795490 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DTNBP1 gene variation and lower dysbindin-1 protein are associated with schizophrenia. Previous evidence suggests that downregulated dysbindin-1 expression results in lower expression of copper transporters ATP7A (intracellular copper transporter) and SLC31A1 (CTR1; extracellular copper transporter), which are required for copper transport across the blood brain barrier. However, whether antipsychotic medications used for schizophrenia treatment may modulate these systems is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The current study measured behavioral indices of neurological function in dysbindin-1 functional knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates with or without quetiapine treatment. We assessed serum and brain copper levels, ATP7A and CTR1 mRNA, and copper transporter-expressing cellular population transcripts: TTR (transthyretin; choroid plexus epithelial cells), MBP (myelin basic protein; oligodendrocytes), and GJA1 (gap-junction protein alpha-1; astrocytes) in cortex and hippocampus. KEY RESULTS Regardless of genotype, quetiapine significantly reduced TTR, MBP, CTR1 mRNA, and serum copper levels. Neurological function of untreated KO mice was abnormal, and ledge instability was rescued with quetiapine. KO mice were hyperactive after 10 min in the open-field assay, which was not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Dysbindin-1 KO results in hyperactivity, altered serum copper, and neurological impairment, the last of which is selectively rescued with quetiapine. Antipsychotic treatment modulates specific cellular populations, affecting myelin, the choroid plexus, and copper transport across the blood brain barrier. Together these results indicate the widespread impact of antipsychotic treatment, and that alteration of dysbindin-1 may be sufficient, but not necessary, for specific schizophrenia pathology.
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Beppi C, Violante IR, Hampshire A, Grossman N, Sandrone S. Patterns of Focal- and Large-Scale Synchronization in Cognitive Control and Inhibition: A Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:196. [PMID: 32670035 PMCID: PMC7330107 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural synchronization patterns are involved in several complex cognitive functions and constitute a growing trend in neuroscience research. While synchrony patterns in working memory have been extensively discussed, a complete understanding of their role in cognitive control and inhibition is still elusive. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on synchronization patterns underlying behavioral inhibition, extrapolating common grounds, and dissociating features with other inhibitory functions. Moreover, we suggest a schematic conceptual framework and highlight existing gaps in the literature, current methodological challenges, and compelling research questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Beppi
- Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zürich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines R. Violante
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Grossman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Sandrone
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Namba H, Nawa H. Post-pubertal Difference in Nigral Dopaminergic Cells Firing in the Schizophrenia Model Prepared by Perinatal Challenges of a Cytokine, EGF. Neuroscience 2020; 441:22-32. [PMID: 32531471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia in humans typically develops during and after adolescence; however, the biological underpinning for the specificity of this onset time window remains to be determined. In the present study, we investigated this knowledge gap using our own animal model for schizophrenia. Rodents and monkeys challenged with a cytokine, epidermal growth factor (EGF), as neonates are known to exhibit various behavioral and cognitive abnormalities at the post-pubertal stage. We used the EGF-challenged mice as an animal model for schizophrenia to evaluate the electrophysiological impact of this modeling on nigral dopamine neurons before and after puberty. In vivo single unit recording revealed that the burst firing of putative dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta was significantly higher in the post-pubertal stage of the EGF model than in that of control mice; in contrast, this difference was not observed in the pre-pubertal stage. The increase in burst firing was accompanied by a decline in Ca2+-activated K+ (ISK) currents, which influence the firing pattern of dopamine neurons. In vivo local application of the SK channel blocker apamin (80 μM) to the substantia nigra was less effective at increasing burst firing in the EGF model than in control mice, suggesting the pathologic role of the ISK decrease in this model. Thus, these results suggest that the aberrant post-pubertal hyperactivity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is associated with the temporal specificity of the behavioral deficit of this model, and support the hypothesis that this dopaminergic aberration could be implicated in the adolescent onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
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Glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 haplodeficiency in mice: consequences of postweaning social isolation on behavior and changes in brain neurochemical systems. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1719-1742. [PMID: 32514634 PMCID: PMC7321906 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of glutamate acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and subsequent GABA levels have been consistently observed in neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression, but it has remained unclear how GABAergic dysfunction contributes to different symptoms of the diseases. To address this issue, we investigated male mice haplodeficient for GAD67 (GAD67+/GFP mice), which showed a reduced social interaction, social dominance and increased immobility in the forced swim test. No differences were found in rotarod performance and sensorimotor gating. We also addressed potential effects of social deprivation, which is known, during early life, to affect GABAergic function and induces behavioral abnormalities similar to the symptoms found in psychiatric disorders. Indeed, social isolation of GAD67+/GFP mice provoked increased rearing activity in the social interaction test and hyperlocomotion on elevated plus maze. Since GABA closely interacts with the dopaminergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems, we investigated GAD67+/GFP and GAD67+/+ mice for morphological markers of the latter systems and found increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR fiber densities in CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. By contrast, no differences in numbers and densities of TH-positive neurons of the midbrain dopamine regions, serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the raphe nuclei, or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing neurons of basal forebrain and their respective terminal fields were observed. Our results indicate that GAD67 haplodeficiency impairs sociability and increases vulnerability to social stress, provokes depressive-like behavior and alters the catecholaminergic innervation in brain areas associated with schizophrenia. GAD67+/GFP mice may provide a useful model for studying the impact of GABAergic dysfunction as related to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Modinos G, Allen P, Zugman A, Dima D, Azis M, Samson C, Bonoldi I, Quinn B, Gifford GWG, Smart SE, Antoniades M, Bossong MG, Broome MR, Perez J, Howes OD, Stone JM, Grace AA, McGuire P. Neural Circuitry of Novelty Salience Processing in Psychosis Risk: Association With Clinical Outcome. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:670-679. [PMID: 32227226 PMCID: PMC7147595 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis has been proposed to develop from dysfunction in a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit, leading to aberrant salience processing. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during novelty salience processing to investigate this model in people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis according to their subsequent clinical outcomes. Seventy-six CHR participants as defined using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) were studied while performing a novelty salience fMRI task that engaged an a priori hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit of interest. The CHR sample was then followed clinically for a mean of 59.7 months (~5 y), when clinical outcomes were assessed in terms of transition (CHR-T) or non-transition (CHR-NT) to psychosis (CAARMS criteria): during this period, 13 individuals (17%) developed a psychotic disorder (CHR-T) and 63 did not. Functional activation and effective connectivity within a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit were compared between groups. In CHR individuals compared to HC, hippocampal response to novel stimuli was significantly attenuated (P = .041 family-wise error corrected). Dynamic Causal Modelling revealed that stimulus novelty modulated effective connectivity from the hippocampus to the striatum, and from the midbrain to the hippocampus, significantly more in CHR participants than in HC. Conversely, stimulus novelty modulated connectivity from the midbrain to the striatum significantly less in CHR participants than in HC, and less in CHR participants who subsequently developed psychosis than in CHR individuals who did not become psychotic. Our findings are consistent with preclinical evidence implicating hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit dysfunction in altered salience processing and the onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK; tel: +44(0)2078480927, fax: +44(0)2078480976, e-mail:
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Andre Zugman
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Matilda Azis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carly Samson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Beverly Quinn
- CAMEO Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - George W G Gifford
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie E Smart
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthijs G Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jesus Perez
- CAMEO Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Volumetric and morphological characteristics of the hippocampus are associated with progression to schizophrenia in patients with first-episode psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 45:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Abnormalities in the hippocampus have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it is still unclear whether certain abnormalities are a pre-existing vulnerability factor, a sign of disease progression or a consequence of environmental factors. We hypothesized that first-episode psychosis patients who progress to schizophrenia after one year of follow up will display greater volumetric and morphological changes from the very beginning of the disorder.Methods:We studied the hippocampus of 41 patients with a first-episode psychosis and 41 matched healthy controls. MRI was performed at the time of the inclusion in the study. After one year, the whole sample was reevaluated and divided in two groups depending on the diagnoses (schizophrenia vs. non-schizophrenia).Results:Patients who progressed to schizophrenia showed a significantly smaller left hippocampus volume than control group and no-schizophrenia group (F = 3.54; df = 2, 77; P = 0.03). We also found significant differences in the morphology of the anterior hippocampus (CA1) of patients with first-episode psychosis who developed schizophrenia compared with patients who did not.Conclusions:These results are consistent with the assumption of hyperfunctioning dopaminergic cortico-subcortical circuits in schizophrenia, which might be related with an alteration of subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, along the course of the disease. According with these results, hippocampus abnormalities may serve as a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in patients with a first-episode psychosis.
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Howes OD, Bonoldi I, McCutcheon RA, Azis M, Antoniades M, Bossong M, Modinos G, Perez J, Stone JM, Santangelo B, Veronese M, Grace A, Allen P, McGuire PK. Glutamatergic and dopaminergic function and the relationship to outcome in people at clinical high risk of psychosis: a multi-modal PET-magnetic resonance brain imaging study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:641-648. [PMID: 31618752 PMCID: PMC7021794 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of psychosis propose that hippocampal glutamatergic neuron hyperactivity drives increased striatal dopaminergic activity, which underlies the development of psychotic symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hippocampal glutamate and subcortical dopaminergic function in people at clinical high risk for psychosis, and to assess the association with the development of psychotic symptoms. 1H-MRS was used to measure hippocampal glutamate concentrations, and 18F-DOPA PET was used to measure dopamine synthesis capacity in 70 subjects (51 people at clinical high risk for psychosis and 19 healthy controls). Clinical assessments were undertaken at baseline and follow-up (median 15 months). Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity predicted the worsening of psychotic symptoms at follow-up (r = 0.35; p < 0.05), but not transition to a psychotic disorder (p = 0.22), and was not significantly related to hippocampal glutamate concentration (p = 0.13). There were no differences in either glutamate (p = 0.5) or dopamine (p = 0.5) measures in the total patient group relative to controls. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity at presentation predicts the subsequent worsening of sub-clinical total and psychotic symptoms, consistent with a role for dopamine in the development of psychotic symptoms, but is not strongly linked to hippocampal glutamate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- TREAT Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- TREAT Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Matilda Azis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthijs Bossong
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- Cambridge Early Onset service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership National Health Service Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Barbara Santangelo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Anthony Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Philip K McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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High-Performance Conducting Polymer Nanotube-based Liquid-Ion Gated Field-Effect Transistor Aptasensor for Dopamine Exocytosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3772. [PMID: 32111933 PMCID: PMC7048782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ultrasensitive and precise detection of a representative brain hormone, dopamine (DA), was demonstrated using functional conducting polymer nanotubes modified with aptamers. A high-performance aptasensor was composed of interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs), carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (CPNTs) and DA-specific aptamers. The biosensors were constructed by sequential conjugation of CPNTs and aptamer molecules on the IMEs, and the substrate was integrated into a liquid-ion gating system surrounded by pH 7.4 buffer as an electrolyte. To confirm DA exocytosis based on aptasensors, DA sensitivity and selectivity were monitored using liquid-ion gated field-effect transistors (FETs). The minimum detection level (MDL; 100 pM) of the aptasensors was determined, and their MDL was optimized by controlling the diameter of the CPNTs owing to their different capacities for aptamer introduction. The MDL of CPNT aptasensors is sufficient for discriminating between healthy and unhealthy individuals because the total DA concentration in the blood of normal person is generally determined to be ca. 0.5 to 6.2 ng/mL (3.9 to 40.5 nM) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (this information was obtained from a guidebook “Evidence-Based Medicine 2018 SCL “ which was published by Seoul Clinical Laboratory). The CPNTs with the smaller diameters (CPNT2: ca. 120 nm) showed 100 times higher sensitivity and selectivity than the wider CPNTs (CPNT1: ca. 200 nm). Moreover, the aptasensors based on CPNTs had excellent DA discrimination in the presence of various neurotransmitters. Based on the excellent sensing properties of these aptasensors, the DA levels of exogeneous DA samples that were prepared from PC12 cells by a DA release assay were successfully measured by DA kits, and the aptasensor sensing properties were compared to those of standard DA reagents. Finally, the real-time response values to the various exogeneous DA release levels were similar to those of a standard DA aptasensor. Therefore, CPNT-based aptasensors provide efficient and rapid DA screening for neuron-mediated genetic diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Bortz DM, Gazo KL, Grace AA. The medial septum enhances reversal learning via opposing actions on ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2186-2194. [PMID: 31261368 PMCID: PMC6898642 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility deficits are one of the most pervasive symptoms across psychiatric disorders, making continued investigation of the circuitry underlying this function a top priority. Medial septum (MS) lesions lead to perseverative, inflexible-type behavior; however, a role for this region in cognitive flexibility circuitry has never been examined. We activated the MS (DREADDs) and measured performance in a T-maze spatial reversal learning task in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Systemic activation of the MS (CNO) significantly decreased both trials to perform a reversal and entries into the previously baited arm. Intra-ventral subiculum CNO enhanced reversal learning in the same manner as systemic CNO and also significantly increased ventral tegmental area and decreased substantia nigra dopamine neuron population activity. Finally, co-injection of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 with CNO prevented the enhanced reversal learning performance seen in the previous two experiments. Taken together, these data suggest a key role for the MS in cognitive flexibility, and suggest that MS-mediated changes in midbrain dopamine neuron population activity could be one mechanism by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Bortz
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - K L Gazo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Electrochemical determination of urinary dopamine from neuroblastoma patients based on Cu nanoplates encapsulated by alginate-derived carbon. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rosuvastatin improves olanzapine's effects on behavioral impairment and hippocampal, hepatic and metabolic damages in isolated reared male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112305. [PMID: 31634496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling neurological illness. This study investigated the effect of rosuvastatin (RSU) addition to the antipsychotic drug: olanzapine (OLZ) in treatment of post-weaning isolation rearing (IR) damaging effect and assessed behavioral impairment, metabolic and hepatic abnormalities, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. METHODS Treatment with OLZ (6 mg/kg, P.O.) and/or RSU (10 mg/kg, I.P.) have been started 6 weeks after isolation. We assessed behavioral tests, serum cortisol level, and hippocampal content of neurotransmitters. In addition, we assessed histopathology, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers of hippocampus, liver and adipose tissue RESULTS: Treatment of IR animals with OLZ, and/or RSU significantly counteracted the changes in hippocampus, liver and adipose tissue induced by post-weaning IR. Co-treatment of IR rats with both OLZ and RSU showed additive effects in some areas like improving both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in both hippocampus and liver, histopathology of liver, oxidative stress markers of adipose tissue, β3 adrenergic receptors (ADRβ3), serum cortisol and total cholesterol. In addition, RSU alone alleviated the damage of IR rats by the same efficacy as OLZ with more benefit in cognition and exploration. CONCLUSION post-weaning IR as a model has behavioral, hippocampal, hepatic and marked metabolic changes more relevant to schizophrenia than drug-induced models. These effects were ameliorated by RSU and/or OLZ that are explained by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Interestingly, co-treatment with both drugs showed a better effect.
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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Suzuki Y. Development of Fluorescent Reagent Based on Ligand Exchange Reaction for the Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine in the Serum. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3928. [PMID: 31547244 PMCID: PMC6766910 DOI: 10.3390/s19183928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent probe (BDP-Fe2+) was developed for targeting dopamine, with a boron-dipyrromethenyl (BDP) group as the fluorophore and a Fe2+ complex as the ligand exchange site. The free form of BDP-Fe2+ in solution displayed weak fluorescence emission, while it showed strong fluorescence emission after interaction with dopamine due to the release of Fe2+ from BDP-Fe2+, confirming the binding of Fe2+ to dopamine. The increase in fluorescence intensity was concentration-dependent, and a good linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence intensity and dopamine concentration. The detection limit of dopamine by BDP-Fe2+ was 1.1 nM, indicating a 20-fold higher sensitivity than that of previously reported compounds. The reaction of BDP-Fe2+ with dopamine was not affected by the presence of foreign substances, allowing the highly selective detection of dopamine in the human serum sample. The results of this study indicate that the novel compound BDP-Fe2+ is a reliable fluorescent molecular probe for the detection of dopamine and can be widely employed in diverse scientific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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64
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Alizadeh N, Salimi A. Polymer dots as a novel probe for fluorescence sensing of dopamine and imaging in single living cell using droplet microfluidic platform. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:40-49. [PMID: 31679573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here simple synthetic method for preparing polymer dots (Pdots) via hydrothermal treatment of organic dye (neutral red), urea and trisodium citrate. The prepared Pdots with enhanced quantum yield (quantum yield: 30.2%) was used as a selective and sensitive probe for fluorescent sensing of dopamine (DA) with high selectivity and sensitivity. The as-synthesized Pdots exhibited strong fluorescence intensity at 435 nm, which DA can trigger remarkable fluorescence quenching of such luminescent Pdots on the basis of inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching effect (SQE). A wide linearity range (0.001 μM-900 μM) for DA detection was obtained with lower DL (3 S/N) of 0.28 nM, and no interference from other molecules such as ascorbic acid, urine acid, glutathione, glucose, epinephrine, arginine, cysteine, proline, creatinine, serine; alanine, L-therionine, Hg2+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+ and Na+. The designed sensor was successfully applied in the imaging of DA in single living PC12 cells using droplet microfluidic approach, indicating its acceptable practicability of the proposed assay for DA detection with ultrahigh sensitivity in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
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65
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Krajcovic B, Fajnerova I, Horacek J, Kelemen E, Kubik S, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Neural and neuronal discoordination in schizophrenia: From ensembles through networks to symptoms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13282. [PMID: 31002202 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial knowledge accumulated by past research, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and causal treatments still remain unclear. Deficits of cognition and information processing in schizophrenia are today often viewed as the primary and core symptoms of this devastating disorder. These deficits likely result from disruptions in the coordination of neuronal and neural activity. The aim of this review is to bring together convergent evidence of discoordinated brain circuits in schizophrenia at multiple levels of resolution, ranging from principal cells and interneurons, neuronal ensembles and local circuits, to large-scale brain networks. We show how these aberrations could underlie deficits in cognitive control and other higher order cognitive-behavioural functions. Converging evidence from both animal models and patients with schizophrenia is presented in an effort to gain insight into common features of deficits in the brain information processing in this disorder, marked by disruption of several neurotransmitter and signalling systems and severe behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Krajcovic
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Fajnerova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Kelemen
- Research Programme 1 - Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kubik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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66
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Lee G, Zhou Y. NMDAR Hypofunction Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:185. [PMID: 31417356 PMCID: PMC6685005 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been proposed to help understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was based on early observations that NMDAR antagonists could induce a full range of symptoms of schizophrenia in normal human subjects. Accumulating evidence in humans and animal studies points to NMDAR hypofunctionality as a convergence point for various symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we review animal models of NMDAR hypofunction generated by pharmacological and genetic approaches, and how they relate to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, we discuss the limitations of animal models of NMDAR hypofunction and their potential utility for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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67
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Gupta AK, Pokhriyal R, Das U, Khan MI, Ratna Kumar D, Gupta R, Chadda RK, Ramachandran R, Goyal V, Tripathi M, Hariprasad G. Evaluation of α-synuclein and apolipoprotein E as potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid to monitor pharmacotherapeutic efficacy in dopamine dictated disease states of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2073-2085. [PMID: 31410011 PMCID: PMC6650621 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dopamine plays an important role in the disease pathology of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. These two neuropsychiatric disorders represent disease end points of the dopaminergic spectrum where Parkinson's disease represents dopamine deficit and schizophrenia represents dopamine hyperactivity in the mid-brain. Therefore, current treatment strategies aim to restore normal dopamine levels. However, during treatment patients develop adverse effects due to overshooting of physiological levels of dopamine leading to psychosis in Parkinson's disease, and extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenia. Absence of any laboratory tests hampers modulation of pharmacotherapy. Apolipoprotein E and α-synuclein have an important role in the neuropathology of these two diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of apolipoprotein E and α-synuclein in patients with these two diseases so that they may serve as biomarkers to monitor therapy in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. METHODS Drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients and Parkinson's disease patients treated with dopaminergic therapy, neurological controls, schizophrenic patients treated with antidopaminergic therapy, and drug-naïve schizophrenic patients were recruited for the study and CSF was collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were carried out to estimate the concentrations of apolipoprotein E and α-synuclein. Pathway analysis was done to establish a possible role of these two proteins in various pathways in these two dopamine dictated diseases. RESULTS Apolipoprotein E and α-synuclein CSF concentrations have an inverse correlation along the entire dopaminergic clinical spectrum. Pathway analysis convincingly establishes a plausible hypothesis for their co-regulation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Each protein by itself or as a combination has encouraging sensitivity and specificity values of more than 55%. CONCLUSION The dynamic variation of these two proteins along the spectrum is ideal for them to be pursued as pharmacotherapeutic biomarkers in CSF to monitor pharmacological efficacy in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi110029, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi110029, India
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68
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Huang WL, Liu CY, Liu HM, Liu CM, Hsieh MH. Sex as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume and Sensory Gating in Patients With Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:227-230. [PMID: 30862179 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419830562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on the knowledge of sex differences in auditory sensory gating in schizophrenia and hippocampal involvement in sensory gating, this study aimed to investigate sex as a potential moderator of the association between hippocampal volume and P50 in schizophrenia. Auditory P50 gating and hippocampal volume were measured in 16 male and 15 female patients with schizophrenia. The correlations between hippocampal volume and P50 were analyzed in males and females separately, corrected for potential confounders, including age, duration of illness, and antipsychotic medication. Different associative patterns of hippocampal volume with P50 gating ratio and with P50 difference were found by sex. The results suggest sex may play a role in the physiology of sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.,4 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- 5 Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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69
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Donegan JJ, Boley AM, Yamaguchi J, Toney GM, Lodge DJ. Modulation of extrasynaptic GABA A alpha 5 receptors in the ventral hippocampus normalizes physiological and behavioral deficits in a circuit specific manner. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2819. [PMID: 31249307 PMCID: PMC6597724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal hyperactivity is correlated with psychosis in schizophrenia patients and likely attributable to deficits in GABAergic signaling. Here we attempt to reverse this deficit by overexpression of the α5-GABAA receptor within the ventral hippocampus (vHipp). Indeed, this is sufficient to normalize vHipp activity and downstream alterations in dopamine neuron function in the MAM rodent model. This approach also attenuated behavioral deficits in cognitive flexibility. To understand the specific pathways that mediate these effects, we used chemogenetics to manipulate discrete projections from the vHipp to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We found that inhibition of the vHipp-NAc, but not the vHipp-mPFC pathway, normalized aberrant dopamine neuron activity. Conversely, inhibition of the vHipp-mPFC improved cognitive function. Taken together, these results demonstrate that restoring GABAergic signaling in the vHipp improves schizophrenia-like deficits and that distinct behavioral alterations are mediated by discrete projections from the vHipp to the NAc and mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Donegan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - A M Boley
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - J Yamaguchi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - G M Toney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - D J Lodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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70
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Janiri D, Sani G, De Rossi P, Piras F, Banaj N, Ciullo V, Simonetti A, Arciniegas DB, Spalletta G. Hippocampal subfield volumes and childhood trauma in bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:35-43. [PMID: 31022627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in hippocampal structure and function are present in bipolar disorder (BD). Childhood trauma is associated with risk for BD, and the several subfields of the hippocampus are differentially sensitive to the effects of stressors of the sort associated with risk for BD. The current study therefore sought to test the hypothesis that childhood trauma may be differentially associated with abnormal hippocampal subfield volumes in BD. METHODS 104 participants with BD type I (BD-I, n = 56) or BD type II (BD-II, n = 48) and 81 healthy controls (HC) underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging. Hippocampal subfield volumes were determined using FreeSurfer. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). RESULTS There were significant effects of diagnosis on intracranial volume corrected hippocampal subfield volumes bilaterally as well as a significant interaction between diagnosis and childhood trauma. Hippocampal volumes did not differ between the BD-I and BD-II subgroups but hippocampal volumes were smaller in both groups when compared to HC. There was a significant effect of childhood trauma on bilateral presubiculum volume as well as significant interactions between diagnosis and childhood trauma on bilateral CA1, presubiculum and subiculum volumes, the direction of which differed between individuals with BD (larger) and HC (smaller). LIMITATIONS Recall bias may influence the reliability of the retrospective assessment of childhood trauma experiences. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma demonstrates differential effects on hippocampal subfield volumes of BD and HC, particularly in hippocampal subfields involved in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro De Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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71
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Allebone J, Kanaan R, Maller J, O'Brien T, Mullen SA, Cook M, Adams SJ, Vogrin S, Vaughan DN, Connelly A, Kwan P, Berkovic SF, D'Souza WJ, Jackson G, Velakoulis D, Wilson SJ. Bilateral volume reduction in posterior hippocampus in psychosis of epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:688-694. [PMID: 30796132 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) occurs more frequently in temporal lobe epilepsy, raising the question as to whether abnormalities of the hippocampus are aetiologically important. Despite decades of investigation, it is unclear whether hippocampal volume is reduced in POE, perhaps due to small sample sizes and methodological limitations of past research. METHODS In this study, we examined the volume of the total hippocampus, and the hippocampal head, body and tail, in a large cohort of patients with POE and patients with epilepsy without psychosis (EC). One hundred adults participated: 50 with POE and 50 EC. Total and subregional hippocampal volumes were manually traced and compared between (1) POE and EC; (2) POE with temporal lobe epilepsy, extratemporal lobe epilepsy and generalised epilepsy; and (3) patients with POE with postictal psychosis (PIP) and interictal psychosis (IP). RESULTS Compared with EC the POE group had smaller total left hippocampus volume (13.5% decrease, p<0.001), and smaller left hippocampal body (13.3% decrease, p=0.002), and left (41.5% decrease, p<0.001) and right (36.4% decrease, p<0.001) hippocampal tail volumes. Hippocampal head volumes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Posterior hippocampal volumes are bilaterally reduced in POE. Volume loss was observed on a posteroanterior gradient, with severe decreases in the tail and moderate volume decreases in the body, with no difference in the hippocampal head. Posterior hippocampal atrophy is evident to a similar degree in PIP and IP. Our findings converge with those reported for the paradigmatic psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, and suggest that posterior hippocampal atrophy may serve as a biomarker of the risk for psychosis, including in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Allebone
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Kanaan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerome Maller
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry O'Brien
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saul Alator Mullen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Cook
- Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia J Adams
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Vogrin
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David N Vaughan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S F Berkovic
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendyl J D'Souza
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme Jackson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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72
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Allen P, Moore H, Corcoran CM, Gilleen J, Kozhuharova P, Reichenberg A, Malaspina D. Emerging Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:298. [PMID: 31133894 PMCID: PMC6526750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals have been increasingly utilized to investigate the prodromal phases of psychosis and progression to illness. Research has identified medial and lateral temporal lobe abnormalities in CHR individuals. Dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus, is linked to dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine via a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain network that may lead to aberrant signaling of salience underpinning the formation of delusions. Similarly, lateral temporal dysfunction may be linked to the disorganized speech and language impairments observed in the CHR stage. Here, we summarize the significance of these neurobiological findings in terms of emergent psychotic symptoms and conversion to psychosis in CHR populations. We propose key questions for future work with the aim to identify the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, University of Columbia, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - James Gilleen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petya Kozhuharova
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avi Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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73
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Gao P, Gao W, Bian Z, Jia N. Photoelectrochemical sensing of dopamine using gold-TiO2 nanocomposites and visible-light illumination. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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74
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Grace AA, Gomes FV. The Circuitry of Dopamine System Regulation and its Disruption in Schizophrenia: Insights Into Treatment and Prevention. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:148-157. [PMID: 29385549 PMCID: PMC6293217 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence for a role of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, there has not been substantial evidence that this disorder originates from a pathological change within the dopamine system itself. Current data from human imaging studies and preclinical investigations instead point to a disruption in afferent regulation of the dopamine system, with a focus on the hippocampus. We found that the hippocampus in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent developmental disruption model of schizophrenia is hyperactive and dysrhythmic, possibly due to loss of parvalbumin interneurons, leading to a hyperresponsive dopamine system. Whereas current therapeutic approaches target dopamine receptor blockade, treatment at the site of pathology may be a more effective therapeutic avenue. This model also provided insights into potential means for prevention of schizophrenia. Specifically, given that stress is a risk factor in schizophrenia, and that stress can damage hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons, we tested whether alleviating stress early in life can effectively circumvent transition to schizophrenia-like states. Administering diazepam prepubertally at an antianxiety dose in MAM rats was effective at preventing the emergence of the hyperdopaminergic state in the adult. Moreover, multiple stressors applied to normal rats at the same time point resulted in pathology similar to the MAM rat. These data suggest that a genetic predisposition leading to stress hyper-responsivity, or exposure to substantial stressors, could be a primary factor leading to the emergence of schizophrenia later in life, and furthermore treating stress at a critical period may be effective in circumventing this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, A210 Langley Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, US; tel: 412-624-4609, fax: 412-624-9198, e-mail:
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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75
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Bygrave AM, Kilonzo K, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Can N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Schizophrenia Be Localized to an Individual Cell Type? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31824347 PMCID: PMC6881463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs), whether caused by endogenous factors like auto-antibodies or mutations, or by pharmacological or genetic manipulations, produces a wide variety of deficits which overlap with-but do not precisely match-the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia. In order to understand how NMDAR hypofunction leads to different components of the syndrome, it is necessary to take into account which neuronal subtypes are particularly affected by it in terms of detrimental functional alterations. We provide a comprehensive overview detailing findings in rodent models with cell type-specific knockout of NMDARs. Regarding inhibitory cortical cells, an emerging model suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons is a potential risk factor for this disease. PV interneurons display a selective vulnerability resulting from a combination of genetic, cellular, and environmental factors that produce pathological multi-level positive feedback loops. Central to this are two antioxidant mechanisms-NMDAR activity and perineuronal nets-which are themselves impaired by oxidative stress, amplifying disinhibition. However, NMDAR hypofunction in excitatory pyramidal cells also produces a range of schizophrenia-related deficits, in particular maladaptive learning and memory recall. Furthermore, NMDAR blockade in the thalamus disturbs thalamocortical communication, and NMDAR ablation in dopaminergic neurons may provoke over-generalization in associative learning, which could relate to the positive symptom domain. Therefore, NMDAR hypofunction can produce schizophrenia-related effects through an action on various different circuits and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Raij TT, Riekki TJJ, Rikandi E, Mäntylä T, Kieseppä T, Suvisaari J. Activation of the motivation-related ventral striatum during delusional experience. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:283. [PMID: 30563960 PMCID: PMC6298954 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Delusion is the most characteristic symptom of psychosis, occurring in almost all first-episode psychosis patients. The motivational salience hypothesis suggests delusion to originate from the experience of abnormal motivational salience. Whether the motivation-related brain circuitries are activated during the actual delusional experience remains, however, unknown. We used a forced-choice answering tree at random intervals during functional magnetic resonance imaging to capture delusional and non-delusional spontaneous experiences in patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 31) or clinical high-risk state (n = 7). The motivation-related brain regions were identified by an automated meta-analysis of 149 studies. Thirteen first-episode patients reported both delusional and non-delusional spontaneous experiences. In these patients, delusional experiences were related to stronger activation of the ventral striatum in both hemispheres. This activation overlapped with the most strongly motivation-related brain regions. These findings provide an empirical link between the actual delusional experience and the motivational salience hypothesis. Further use and development of the present methods in localizing the neurobiological basis of the most characteristic symptoms may be useful in the search for etiopathogenic pathways that result in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka T. Raij
- 0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,0000000108389418grid.5373.2Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tapani J. J. Riekki
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Rikandi
- 0000000108389418grid.5373.2Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fMental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Mäntylä
- 0000000108389418grid.5373.2Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fMental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- 0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fMental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- 0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fMental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Abi-Dargham A. From "bedside" to "bench" and back: A translational approach to studying dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 110:174-179. [PMID: 30528375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite multiple lines of research, a mechanistic understanding of schizophrenia remains elusive. Neuroimaging studies have yielded observations that can be used in translational studies in animals to attempt to uncover their cellular and circuit basis and their significance for the diseased human brain. Enhanced D2 stimulation in the striatum is a well replicated and established observation in patients with schizophrenia. This "bedside" observation was reproduced "at the bench" level by creating a transgenic mouse overexpressing D2 receptors in dorsal striatum (D2R-OE mouse). The D2R-OE mouse showed multiple behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological and anatomical alterations. Some of these are consistent with findings in patients with schizophrenia, providing construct validity to the model and mechanistic insights for the observations made in humans. Other findings were novel, and provide an opportunity for a reverse translational effort back into the clinic. In this review we will summarize the process of translation and back translation from the D2R-OE mouse and describe the insights into the pathophysiology of the disease gained through this type of translational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, HSC-T10-087H, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8101, United States.
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Smajlagić D, Kvarme Jacobsen K, Myrum C, Haavik J, Johansson S, Zayats T. Moderating effect of mode of delivery on the genetics of intelligence: Explorative genome-wide analyses in ALSPAC. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01144. [PMID: 30378284 PMCID: PMC6305932 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intelligence is a core construct of individual differences in cognitive abilities and a strong predictor of important life outcomes. Within recent years, rates of cesarean section have substantially increased globally, though little is known about its effect on neurodevelopmental trajectories. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of delivery by cesarean section on the genetics of intelligence in children. METHODS Participants were recruited through the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Intelligence was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Human Hap 550 quad genome-wide SNP genotyping platform and was followed by imputation using MACH software. Genome-wide interaction analyses were conducted using linear regression. RESULTS A total of 2,421 children and 2,141,747 SNPs were subjected to the genome-wide interaction analyses. No variant reached genome-wide significance. The strongest interaction was observed at rs17800861 in the GRIN2A gene (β = -3.43, 95% CI = -4.74 to -2.12, p = 2.98E-07). This variant is predicted to be located within active chromatin compartments in the hippocampus and may influence binding of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS Our results may indicate that mode of delivery might have a moderating effect on genetic disposition of intelligence in children. Studies of considerable sizes (>10,000) are likely required to more robustly detect variants governing such interaction. In summary, the presented findings prompt the need for further studies aimed at increasing our understanding of effects various modes of delivery may have on health outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinka Smajlagić
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Kaya Kvarme Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Craig Myrum
- Department of Biomedicine, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric DisordersUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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Bortz DM, Grace AA. Medial septum activation produces opposite effects on dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra in MAM vs. normal rats. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2018; 4:17. [PMID: 30177811 PMCID: PMC6120917 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-018-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The medial septum (MS) differentially impacts midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron activity via the ventral hippocampus, a region implicated in DA-related disorders. However, whether MS regulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is disrupted in a developmental disruption model of schizophrenia is unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed at gestational day 17 to methylazoxymethanol (MAM) or saline. As adults, NMDA (0.75 µg/0.2 µL) was infused into the MS, and either DA neuron activity in the VTA and SNc (7-9 anesthetized rats per group) or amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH, 11-13 rats per group) was measured. MS activation produced a 58% increase in the number of spontaneously active DA neurons in VTA and a 37% decrease in SNc in saline rats. However, MS activation produced opposite effects on DA population activity in MAM rats, decreasing VTA DA activity by 51% and increasing SNc DA activity by 47%. MS activation also increased AIH by 113% in MAM rats, opposite of what is seen in intact rats. The effect in behavioral output may be due to disrupted GABAergic regulation of SNc as bicuculline infusion into vSub, which selectively prevented the MS activation-induced decrease in SNc DA activity in intact rats, prevented the increase in AIH and SNc DA activity in MAM rats. These findings demonstrate that the regulation of midbrain DA neurons by the MS is disrupted in this well-validated animal model, suggesting that it could be a potential locus for pharmacological intervention in disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bortz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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Optogenetic induction of the schizophrenia-related endophenotype of ventral hippocampal hyperactivity causes rodent correlates of positive and cognitive symptoms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12871. [PMID: 30150758 PMCID: PMC6110795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological over-activity of the CA1 subfield of the human anterior hippocampus has been identified as a potential predictive marker for transition from a prodromal state to overt schizophrenia. Psychosis, in turn, is associated with elevated activity in the anterior subiculum, the hippocampal output stage directly activated by CA1. Over-activity in these subfields may represent a useful endophenotype to guide translationally predictive preclinical models. To recreate this endophenotype and study its causal relation to deficits in the positive and cognitive symptom domains, we optogenetically activated excitatory neurons of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC; analogous to the human anterior hippocampus), targeting the ventral subiculum. Consistent with previous studies, we found that vHPC over-activity evokes hyperlocomotion, a rodent correlate of positive symptoms. vHPC activation also impaired performance on the spatial novelty preference (SNP) test of short-term memory, regardless of whether stimulation was applied during the encoding or retrieval stage of the task. Increasing dopamine transmission with amphetamine produced hyperlocomotion, but was not associated with SNP impairments. This suggests that short-term memory impairments resulting from hippocampal over-activity likely arise independently of a hyperdopaminergic state, a finding that is consistent with the pharmaco-resistance of cognitive symptoms in patients.
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Ahmed HI, Abdel-Sattar SA, Zaky HS. Vinpocetine halts ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats: impact on BDNF and GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1327-1338. [PMID: 30083945 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing evidences supporting the involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. Vinpocetine, a nootropic phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitor, was proven to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. This research aimed to reveal the likely protective features of vinpocetine against ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats. Additionally, the probable mechanisms contributing to this neuroprotection were also elucidated. Vinpocetine was given (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 14 days commencing 7 days before administrating ketamine (25 mg/kg i.p.). Risperidone was applied as a reference antipsychotic. Vinpocetine pre-treatment revealed a marked amendment in the hyperlocomotion, anxiety, and short-term memory deficits induced by ketamine in rats. In rats' hippocampus, ketamine induced a drastic increase in tissue levels of dopamine, lipid peroxidation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines along with a significant decrease in glutamate, GABA, SOD, and total anti-oxidant capacity. Also, ketamine induced a reduced level of BDNF together with the potentiation of GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway that led to the destruction of β-catenin. Pre-treatment of ketamine-challenged animals with vinpocetine significantly attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter alterations. Vinpocetine also elevated BDNF expression and prevented ketamine-induced stimulation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. This research presents enlightenments into the role of vinpocetine in schizophrenia. This role may be accomplished through its effect on oxidative stress, inflammation as well as modulating BDNF and the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt.
| | - Somaia A Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
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Clissold M, Crowe SF. Comparing the effect of the subcategories of atypical antipsychotic medications on cognition in schizophrenia using a meta-analytic approach. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 41:26-42. [PMID: 30025491 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1488952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the two most commonly prescribed classes of atypical antipsychotic medications (i.e., -pines and -dones) with regard to their effects on cognition in patients with schizophrenia. DATA SOURCES Ovid Technologies web-based software was used to search the Medline and PsycINFO computerized databases to identify articles that met the inclusion criteria. REVIEW METHODS The search was limited to papers published after 1990, written in English, employing human subjects, using atypical antipsychotics, using a within-subjects design or control group of patients with schizophrenia for comparisons, using participants aged from 18-65, and employing standardized neuropsychological measures. RESULTS A total of 996 eligible studies were identified, and of these 19 were finally analyzed. Nine domains of cognitive functioning were assessed. The two groups of agents produced equivalent overall effects (-dones = .254 versus -pines = .202). The -pines were found to improve the domains of attention/working memory, executive functioning, fluency, nonverbal memory, processing speed, and verbal memory, each with a significant, small effect size. The -dones were found to improve attention/working memory, executive functioning, motor function, nonverbal memory, processing speed, and verbal memory, each with a significant, small effect size. Failsafe N was robust for all of the domains for the -pines, but only for the verbal memory domain for the -dones, suggesting that the significant findings for the other domains with the -dones are more tenuous. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the agents were largely equivalent and that there was no clear evidence that the pattern of cognitive effects differed as a result of the agent applied. The effects themselves, while statistically significant, were small, indicating that some or all of the differences may be attributable to practice effects on the instruments employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maverick Clissold
- a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia
| | - Simon F Crowe
- a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia
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Romeo B, Brunet-Lecomte M, Martelli C, Benyamina A. Kinetics of Cytokine Levels during Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:828-836. [PMID: 30016466 PMCID: PMC6119290 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system dysfunction is a hypothesis in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, but the impact of antipsychotic treatment within this system is not clear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of antipsychotic treatment on cytokine levels in in vivo studies on schizophrenia. METHODS After a systematic database search, original data were extracted with the help of certain authors. Means and SDs were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences. Cytokine levels were compared in vivo in schizophrenia patients, before and after antipsychotic treatment. Meta-regressions were performed to explore the influence of demographic and clinical variables on cytokine level standardized mean differences. Stratifications by treatment and diagnosis were also performed. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Proinflammatory cytokine level decreases were found for interleukin-1 β levels (P<.0001) and interferon-γ (P=.01) and a statistical trend towards a decrease in interleukin-6 (P=.08) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P=.07) levels. An antiinflammatory cytokine level increase was found for soluble tumor necrosis factor-R2 (P<.001) and soluble interleukin 2-R (P=.03) levels. A meta-regression analysis found a correlation between interleukin-6 level standardized mean differences and positive schizophrenia symptom score standardized mean differences before and after treatment (P=.01). Stratification by diagnosis or treatment found a possible impact of the kinetics of cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence that antipsychotic treatment has an antiinflammatory effect and could normalize immune balance dysfunction in schizophrenia. Interleukin-6 level normalization could be a marker of illness equilibration and thus used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Romeo
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France,Paris Sud University, Faculte de Medecine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France,Correspondence: Bruno Romeo, MD, Département de psychiatrie et d’addictologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France ()
| | - Marine Brunet-Lecomte
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Martelli
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1000, Research unit, NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Paris Sud University- Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Digiteo Labs, Bâtiment, Gif-sur- Yvette, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Villejuif, France,Paris Sud University, Faculte de Medecine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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Investigating the neuroimmunogenic architecture of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1251-1260. [PMID: 28485405 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of the immune system in schizophrenia remains controversial despite numerous studies to date. Most studies have profiled expression of select genes or proteins in peripheral blood, but none have focused on the expression of canonical pathways that mediate overall immune response. The current study used a systematic genetic approach to investigate the role of the immune system in a large sample of post-mortem brain of patients with schizophrenia: RNA sequencing was performed to assess the differential expression of 561 immune genes and 20 immune pathways in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (144 schizophrenia and 196 control subjects) and hippocampus (83 schizophrenia and 187 control subjects). The effect of RNA quality on gene expression was found to be highly correlated with the effect of diagnosis even after adjustment for observable RNA quality parameters (i.e. RNA integrity), thus this confounding relationship was statistically controlled using principal components derived from the gene expression matrix. In DLPFC, 23 immune genes were found to be differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05), of which seven genes replicated in both directionality and at nominal significance (P<0.05) in an independent post-mortem DLPFC data set (182 schizophrenia and 212 control subjects), although notably at least five of these genes have prominent roles in pathways other than immune function and overall the effect sizes were minimal (fold change <1.1). In the hippocampus, no individual immune genes were identified to be differentially expressed, and in both DLPFC and hippocampus none of the individual immune pathways were relatively differentially expressed. Further, genomic schizophrenia risk profiles scores were not correlated with the expression of individual immune pathways or differentially expressed genes. Overall, past reports claiming a primary pathogenic role of the immune system intrinsic to the brain in schizophrenia could not be confirmed.
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Al-Amin M, Zinchenko A, Geyer T. Hippocampal subfield volume changes in subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Res 2018; 1685:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiménez-López E, Sánchez-Morla EM, Aparicio AI, López-Villarreal A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Vieta E, Santos JL. Psychosocial functioning in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar I disorder. A comparative study with individuals with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:177-185. [PMID: 29316520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) do not reach full psychosocial functioning, even during periods of euthymia. It has been suggested that history of psychotic symptoms is one of the factors which are associated with a worse functional outcome. The objective was to compare psychosocial functioning between patients with BD, with (BD-P), and without (BD-NP) a history of psychotic symptoms, and to examine whether the history of psychotic symptoms, or other clinical or neurocognitive variables predict psychosocial functioning. METHODS Psychosocial functioning and neurocognition were examined in 100 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (50 BD-P, and 50 BD-NP), compared to 50 stabilised patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and 51 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS 1) There were no differences between BD-P and BD-NP in the GAF-F score or in the FAST total score. 2) The two groups of patients with BD had better scores than SZ both in the GAF-F, and in all measures of the FAST, except for the subscale leisure time. 3) The neurocognitive composite index, verbal memory and subclinical depressive symptoms were the variables which explained a higher percentage of the variance of functional outcome. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design, and the relatively small sample size are the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS A history of psychotic symptoms has no relevant impact on the level of psychosocial functioning in BD. Neurocognitive dysfunction and subclinical depressive symptoms are the variables that best explain the functional impairment. These findings have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Jiménez-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Eva María Sánchez-Morla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain; CogPsy-Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Aparicio
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain; CogPsy-Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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Gupta I, Young AMJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell is unaffected by phencyclidine pretreatment: In vitro assessment using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry rat brain slices. Brain Res 2018. [PMID: 29524437 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The non-competitive glutamate antagonist, phencyclidine is used in rodents to model behavioural deficits see in schizophrenia. Importantly, these deficits endure long after the cessation of short-term chronic treatment (sub-chronic), indicating that the drug treatment causes long-term changes in the physiology and/or chemistry of the brain. There is evidence that this may occur through glutamatergic modulation of mesolimbic dopamine release, perhaps involving metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). This study sought to investigate the effect of sub-chronic phencyclidine pretreatment on modulation of dopamine neurotransmission by metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 5 (mGluR2 and mGluR5) in the nucleus accumbens shell in vitro, with the hypothesis that phencyclidine pretreatment would disrupt the mGluR-mediated modulation of dopamine release. We showed that the orthosteric mGluR2 agonist LY379268 (0.1 µM, 1 µM and 10 µM) and mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator CDPPB (1 µM and 10 µM) both attenuated potassium-evoked dopamine release, underscoring their role in modulating dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. Sub-chronic PCP treatment, which caused cognitive deficits measured by performance in the novel object recognition task, modelling aspects of behavioral deficits seen in schizophrenia, induced neurobiological changes that enhanced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, but had no effect on mGluR2 or mGluR5 mediated changes in dopamine release. Therefore it is unlikely that schizophrenia-related behavioural changes seen after sub-chronic phencyclidine pre-treatment are mediated through mGluR modulation of dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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88
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Koh MT, Shao Y, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Gallagher M. Treatment with levetiracetam improves cognition in a ketamine rat model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193. [PMID: 28634087 PMCID: PMC5733713 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in neural excitation and inhibition is associated with behavioral dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia and at risk for this illness. We examined whether targeting increased neural activity with the antiepileptic agent, levetiracetam, would benefit memory performance in a preclinical model of schizophrenia that has been shown to exhibit hyperactivity in the hippocampus. Adult rats exposed to ketamine subchronically during late adolescence showed impaired hippocampal-dependent memory performance. Treatment with levetiracetam dose-dependently improved memory performance of the ketamine-exposed rats. In contrast, the antipsychotic medication risperidone was not effective in this assessment. Levetiracetam remained effective when administered concurrently with risperidone, supporting potential viability of adjunctive therapy with levetiracetam to treat cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients under concurrent antipsychotic therapy. In addition to its pro-cognitive effect, levetiracetam was also effective in attenuating amphetamine-induced augmentation of locomotor activity, compatible with the need for therapeutic treatment of positive symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Teng Koh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | | | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA,AgeneBio, Inc, 1101 E. 33rd Street, Suite C310, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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89
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Scott D, Tamminga CA. Effects of genetic and environmental risk for schizophrenia on hippocampal activity and psychosis-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:114-123. [PMID: 29155005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness most notably characterized by psychotic symptoms. In humans, psychotic disorders are associated with specific hippocampal pathology. However, animal model systems for psychosis often lack this pathology, and have been weak in providing a representation of psychosis. We utilized a double-risk model system combining genetic risk with environmental stress. We hypothesized these factors will induce hippocampal subfield pathology consistent with human findings, as well as behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychosis. To address this, we exposed wild-type and transgenic Disc1 dominant negative (Disc1-deficient) mice to maternal deprivation. In adulthood, hippocampal subfields were examined for signs of cellular and behavioral pathology associated with psychosis. Mice exposed to maternal deprivation showed a decrease in dentate gyrus activity, and an increase in CA3/CA1 activity. Furthermore, results demonstrated a differential behavioral effect between maternal deprivation and Disc1 deficiency, with maternal deprivation associated with a hyperactive phenotype and impaired prepulse inhibition, and Disc1 deficiency causing an impairment in fear conditioning. These results suggest distinct consequences of environmental and genetic risk factors contributing to psychosis, with maternal deprivation inducing a state more wholly consistent with schizophrenia psychosis. Further research is needed to determine if this pathology is causally related to a specific behavioral phenotype. The development of a strong inference animal model system for psychosis would satisfy a high medical need in schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas TX, 75390-9127, United States.
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas TX, 75390-9127, United States
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90
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Edelmann E, Lessmann V. Dopaminergic innervation and modulation of hippocampal networks. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:711-727. [PMID: 29470647 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamine dopamine plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent plasticity and related learning and memory processes. Dopamine secretion in the hippocampus is activated by, e.g., salient or novel stimuli, thereby helping to establish and to stabilize hippocampus-dependent memories. Disturbed dopaminergic function in the hippocampus leads to severe pathophysiological conditions. While the role and importance of dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal networks have been unequivocally proven, there is still a lack of detailed molecular and cellular mechanistic understanding of how dopamine orchestrates these hippocampal processes. In this chapter of the special issue "Hippocampal structure and function," we will discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic modulation of basal synaptic transmission and long-lasting, activity-dependent potentiation or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Edelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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91
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Bossong MG, Wilson R, Appiah-Kusi E, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Human Striatal Response to Reward Anticipation Linked to Hippocampal Glutamate Levels. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:623-630. [PMID: 29444252 PMCID: PMC6030901 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional reward processing is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, such as addiction and schizophrenia. It is thought that reward is regulated mainly by dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum. Contemporary animal models suggest that striatal dopamine concentrations and associated behaviors are related to glutamatergic functioning in the ventral hippocampus. However, in humans the association between reward-related ventral striatal response and hippocampal glutamate levels is unclear. METHODS Nineteen healthy participants were studied using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hippocampal glutamate levels, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess striatal activation and functional connectivity during performance of a monetary incentive delay task. RESULTS We found that ventral striatal activation related to reward processing was correlated with hippocampal glutamate levels. In addition, context-dependent functional coupling was demonstrated between the ventral striatum and both the lingual gyrus and hippocampus during reward anticipation. Elevated hippocampal glutamate levels were inversely related to context-dependent functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and the anterior hippocampus while anticipating reward. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that human striatal responses to reward are influenced by hippocampal glutamate levels. This may be relevant for psychiatric disorders associated with abnormal reward processing such as addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs G Bossong
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands,Correspondence: Matthijs G. Bossong, PhD, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, A01.126, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands ()
| | - Robin Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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92
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Ovenden ES, McGregor NW, Emsley RA, Warnich L. DNA methylation and antipsychotic treatment mechanisms in schizophrenia: Progress and future directions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:38-49. [PMID: 29017764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic response in schizophrenia is a complex, multifactorial trait influenced by pharmacogenetic factors. With genetic studies thus far providing little biological insight or clinical utility, the field of pharmacoepigenomics has emerged to tackle the so-called "missing heritability" of drug response in disease. Research on psychiatric disorders has only recently started to assess the link between epigenetic alterations and treatment outcomes. DNA methylation, the best characterised epigenetic mechanism to date, is discussed here in the context of schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment outcomes. The majority of published studies have assessed the influence of antipsychotics on methylation levels in specific neurotransmitter-associated candidate genes or at the genome-wide level. While these studies illustrate the epigenetic modifications associated with antipsychotics, very few have assessed clinical outcomes and the potential of differential DNA methylation profiles as predictors of antipsychotic response. Results from other psychiatric disorder studies, such as depression and bipolar disorder, provide insight into what may be achieved by schizophrenia pharmacoepigenomics. Other aspects that should be addressed in future research include methodological challenges, such as tissue specificity, and the influence of genetic variation on differential methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Ovenden
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Robin A Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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93
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Hudson R, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Phytocannabinoids modulate emotional memory processing through interactions with the ventral hippocampus and mesolimbic dopamine system: implications for neuropsychiatric pathology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:447-458. [PMID: 29063964 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing clinical and preclinical evidence suggests a potential role for the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) as a pharmacotherapy for various neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, is associated with acute and neurodevelopmental propsychotic side effects through its interaction with central cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). CB1R stimulation in the ventral hippocampus (VHipp) potentiates affective memory formation through inputs to the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, thereby altering emotional salience attribution. These changes in DA activity and salience attribution, evoked by dysfunctional VHipp regulatory actions and THC exposure, could predispose susceptible individuals to psychotic symptoms. Although THC can accelerate the onset of schizophrenia, CBD displays antipsychotic properties, can prevent the acquisition of emotionally irrelevant memories, and reverses amphetamine-induced neuronal sensitization through selective phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) molecular signaling pathway. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrating that distinct phytocannabinoids act within the VHipp and associated corticolimbic structures to modulate emotional memory processing through changes in mesolimbic DA activity states, salience attribution, and signal transduction pathways associated with schizophrenia-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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94
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Components of schizophrenia liability are not uniformly associated with stress sensitivity, resilience, and coping. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:10-16. [PMID: 29156295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress sensitization is a candidate final common pathway for the development of schizophrenia. In other psychopathologies, resilience attenuates the stressor-outcome relationships. Therefore, we sought to determine whether resilience moderates the association between stress sensitivity and schizophrenia liability. Undergraduates (n = 230) self-reported cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganisation attributes of schizophrenia liability as well as ratings of sensitivity to stress, resilience, and dispositional coping behaviour. Bivariate analyses showed components of schizophrenia liability were significantly predicted by greater stress sensitivity, poor resilience and adaptive coping, and greater maladaptive coping behaviour. However, regression modelling suggested that cognitive-perceptual attributes were uniquely predicted by stress sensitivity in models that include resilience. In contrast, interpersonal attributes had a weaker relationship with stress sensitivity and were strongly predicted by poor resilience. In general, resilience did not moderate the relationship of stress sensitivity with schizophrenia liability. Unexpectedly, some specific attributes of resilience (personal strength, structured style) potentiated the relationship of stress sensitivity with schizophrenia liability. We conclude that the relationships of stress sensitivity, resilience, and coping with attributes of schizophrenia liability are not uniform and speculate that the pattern of associations may reflect the different influences of chronic stress exposures and neurocognitive functioning.
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95
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Liu H, Liu C, Gu Y, Li C, Yan X, Zhang T, Lu N, Zheng B, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yang M. A multidimensional design of charge transfer interfaces via D–A–D linking fashion for electrophysiological sensing of neurotransmitters. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:296-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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96
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Zhang C, Ren J, Zhou J, Cui M, Li N, Han B, Chen Q. Facile fabrication of a 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid functionalized graphene–multiwalled carbon nanotube–gold nanoparticle nanocomposite for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine. Analyst 2018; 143:3075-3084. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A PTCA-RGO-MWCNT-Au NP nanocomposite was facilely fabricated for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- PR China
| | - Jujie Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- PR China
| | - Jiexin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- PR China
| | - Bingkai Han
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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97
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Das AK, Kuchi R, Van PC, Sohn Y, Jeong JR. Development of an Fe3O4@Cu silicate based sensing platform for the electrochemical sensing of dopamine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31037-31047. [PMID: 35548759 PMCID: PMC9085485 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05885g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of dopamine (DA) in body fluids is an indication of serious health issues, hence development of highly sensitive platforms for the precise detection of DA is highly essential. Herein, we demonstrate an Fe3O4@Cu silicate based electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of DA. Morphology and BET analysis shows the formation of ∼320 nm sized sea urchin-like Fe3O4@Cu silicate core–shell nanostructures with a 174.5 m2 g−1 surface area. Compared to Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2, the Fe3O4@Cu silicate urchins delivered enhanced performance towards the electrochemical sensing of DA in neutral pH. The Fe3O4@Cu silicate sensor has a 1.37 μA μM−1 cm−2 sensitivity, 100–700 μM linear range and 3.2 μM limit of detection (LOD). In addition, the proposed Fe3O4@Cu silicate DA sensor also has good stability, selectivity, reproducibility and repeatability. The presence of Cu in Fe3O4@Cu silicate and the negatively charged surface of the Cu silicate shell play a vital role in achieving high selectivity and sensitivity during DA sensing. The current investigation not only represents the development of a highly selective DA sensor but also directs towards the possibility for the fabrication of other Cu silicate based core–shell nanostructures for the precise detection of DA. Abnormal levels of dopamine (DA) in body fluids is an indication of serious health issues, hence development of highly sensitive platforms for the precise detection of DA is highly essential.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- South Korea
| | - Rambabu Kuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- South Korea
| | - Phuoc Cao Van
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- South Korea
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department of Chemistry
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- South Korea
| | - Jong-Ryul Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- South Korea
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98
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Kruse O, Tapia León I, Stalder T, Stark R, Klucken T. Altered reward learning and hippocampal connectivity following psychosocial stress. Neuroimage 2017; 171:15-25. [PMID: 29288866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress has a profound influence on learning, as has been demonstrated in verbal learning or fear conditioning. However, its effect on appetitive conditioning is still unclear. Fear conditioning research suggests the possibility of overgeneralization of conditioning to the CS- under acute stress due to its effect on prefrontal and hippocampal processing. In this study, participants (N = 56 males) were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test or a placebo version. After that, all participants underwent an appetitive conditioning paradigm in the fMRI, in which one neutral cue (CS+) was repeatedly paired with reward, while another (CS-) was not. Importantly, the stress-group revealed overgeneralization of conditioning to the CS- on the behavioral level. On the neural level, stressed participants showed increased connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala, vACC, and OFC, which maintain specificity of conditioning and also showed reduced differential activation. The results indicate overgeneralization of appetitive conditioning promoted by maladaptive balancing of pattern separation and pattern completion in the hippocampus under acute stress and are discussed with respect to clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Kruse
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Isabell Tapia León
- Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tim Klucken
- Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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99
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Challenges and opportunities for the development of new antipsychotic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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100
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Soliman MA, Aboharb F, Zeltner N, Studer L. Pluripotent stem cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1241-1249. [PMID: 28322279 PMCID: PMC5582162 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders place an enormous medical burden on patients across all social and economic ranks. The current understanding of the molecular and cellular causes of neuropsychiatric disease remains limited, which leads to a lack of targeted therapies. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers a novel platform for modeling the genetic contribution to mental disorders and yields access to patient-specific cells for drug discovery and personalized medicine. Here, we review recent progress in using iPSC technology to model and potentially treat neuropsychiatric disorders by focusing on the most prevalent conditions in psychiatry, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Soliman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Developmental Biology and Center of Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,, Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 256, New York, NY 10065, US. E-mail: or
| | - F Aboharb
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Zeltner
- Developmental Biology and Center of Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Studer
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Developmental Biology and Center of Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,, Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 256, New York, NY 10065, US. E-mail: or
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