51
|
Manka PP, Kaya E, Canbay A, Syn WK. A Review of the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Efficacy of Anti-diabetic Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3676-3688. [PMID: 34410573 PMCID: PMC8510897 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that the coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with increased mortality and morbidity related to hepatic- and extrahepatic causes. Indeed, compared with the general population, patients with T2DM are more likely to be diagnosed with more severe forms of NAFLD (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis). There is an ongoing debate whether NALFD is a consequence of diabetes or whether NAFLD is simply a component and manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, since liver fat (steatosis) and even more advanced stages of liver fibrosis can occur in the absence of diabetes. Nevertheless, insulin resistance is a key component of the mechanism of NAFLD development; furthermore, therapies that lower blood glucose concentrations also appear to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD. Here, we will discuss the pathophysiological and epidemiological associations between NAFLD and T2DM. We will also review currently available anti-diabetic agents with their regard to their efficacy of NAFLD/NASH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul P. Manka
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eda Kaya
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.11480.3c0000000121671098Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain ,grid.280644.c0000 0000 8950 3536Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Soták M, Casselbrant A, Rath E, Zietek T, Strömstedt M, Adingupu DD, Karlsson D, Fritsch Fredin M, Ergang P, Pácha J, Batorsky A, Alpers CE, Börgeson E, Hansen PBL, Ericsson A, Björnson Granqvist A, Wallenius V, Fändriks L, Unwin RJ. Intestinal sodium/glucose cotransporter 3 expression is epithelial and downregulated in obesity. Life Sci 2020; 267:118974. [PMID: 33385407 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether the sodium/glucose cotransporter family member SGLT3, a proposed glucose sensor, is expressed in the intestine and/or kidney, and if its expression is altered in mouse models of obesity and in humans before and after weight-loss surgery. MAIN METHODS We used in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to determine whether the Sglt3 isoforms 3a and 3b were expressed in the intestine and kidney of C57, leptin-deficient ob/ob, and diabetic BTBR ob/ob mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were also used to assess SGLT3 protein levels in jejunal biopsies from obese patients before and after weight-loss Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and in lean healthy controls. KEY FINDINGS Sglt3a/3b mRNA was detected in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), but not in the large intestine or kidneys of mice. Both isoforms were detected in epithelial cells (confirmed using intestinal organoids). Expression of Sglt3a/3b mRNA in duodenum and jejunum was significantly lower in ob/ob and BTBR ob/ob mice than in normal-weight littermates. Jejunal SGLT3 protein levels in aged obese patients before RYGB were lower than in lean individuals, but substantially upregulated 6 months post-RYGB. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that Sglt3a/3b is expressed primarily in epithelial cells of the small intestine in mice. Furthermore, we observed an association between intestinal mRNA Sglt3a/3b expression and obesity in mice, and between jejunal SGLT3 protein levels and obesity in humans. Further studies are required to determine the possible role of SGLT3 in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Soták
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tamara Zietek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Strömstedt
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Damilola D Adingupu
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Fritsch Fredin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Batorsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Ericsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Björnson Granqvist
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Epigenetic modification and therapeutic targets of diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226148. [PMID: 32815547 PMCID: PMC7494983 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes and its related complications are increasing significantly globally. Collected evidence suggested that several genetic and environmental factors contribute to diabetes mellitus. Associated complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and other cardiovascular complications are a direct result of diabetes. Epigenetic factors include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and histone post-translational modifications. These factors are directly related with pathological factors such as oxidative stress, generation of inflammatory mediators and hyperglycemia. These result in altered gene expression and targets cells in the pathology of diabetes mellitus without specific changes in a DNA sequence. Environmental factors and malnutrition are equally responsible for epigenetic states. Accumulated evidence suggested that environmental stimuli alter the gene expression that result in epigenetic changes in chromatin. Recent studies proposed that epigenetics may include the occurrence of ‘metabolic memory’ found in animal studies. Further study into epigenetic mechanism might give us new vision into the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and related complication thus leading to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the possible epigenetic changes and mechanism that happen in diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 separately. We highlight the important epigenetic and non-epigenetic therapeutic targets involved in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
Collapse
|
54
|
Otto C, Friedrich A, Vrhovac Madunić I, Baumeier C, Schwenk RW, Karaica D, Germer CT, Schürmann A, Sabolić I, Koepsell H. Antidiabetic Effects of a Tripeptide That Decreases Abundance of Na +-d-glucose Cotransporter SGLT1 in the Brush-Border Membrane of the Small Intestine. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29127-29139. [PMID: 33225144 PMCID: PMC7675577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In enterocytes, protein RS1 (RSC1A1) mediates an increase of glucose absorption after ingestion of glucose-rich food via upregulation of Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in the brush-border membrane (BBM). Whereas RS1 decelerates the exocytotic pathway of vesicles containing SGLT1 at low glucose levels between meals, RS1-mediated deceleration is relieved after ingestion of glucose-rich food. Regulation of SGLT1 is mediated by RS1 domain RS1-Reg, in which Gln-Ser-Pro (QSP) is effective. In contrast to QSP and RS1-Reg, Gln-Glu-Pro (QEP) and RS1-Reg with a serine to glutamate exchange in the QSP motif downregulate the abundance of SGLT1 in the BBM at high intracellular glucose concentrations by about 50%. We investigated whether oral application of QEP improves diabetes in db/db mice and affects the induction of diabetes in New Zealand obese (NZO) mice under glucolipotoxic conditions. After 6-day administration of drinking water containing 5 mM QEP to db/db mice, fasting glucose was decreased, increase of blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test was blunted, and insulin sensitivity was increased. When QEP was added for several days to a high fat/high carbohydrate diet that induced diabetes in NZO mice, the increase of random plasma glucose was prevented, accompanied by lower plasma insulin levels. QEP is considered a lead compound for development of new antidiabetic drugs with more rapid cellular uptake. In contrast to SGLT1 inhibitors, QEP-based drugs may be applied in combination with insulin for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, decreasing the required insulin amount, and thereby may reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Otto
- Department
of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular
Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department
of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute
of Human Nutrition, 14558 Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German
Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert W. Schwenk
- Department
of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute
of Human Nutrition, 14558 Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German
Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular
Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department
of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department
of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute
of Human Nutrition, 14558 Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German
Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular
Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Institute
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- . Phone: +49-0151 23532479
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Dördü TC, Hatipoğlu R, Topaktaş M, İstifli ES. In Vitro Genotoxicity and Molecular Docking Study of Ellagic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666191102130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Ellagic Acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound that is classified in the natural
antioxidants group. Polyphenolic compounds that exert antioxidant activity possess particular importance
for scientists, food producers and consumers due to their positive effects on human health. However,
despite considerable evidence that EA shows antigenotoxic activity by binding to DNA, there is no
systematic genotoxicity study of this substance, which can covalently bind to DNA. This study aims to
reveal the possible genotoxic activity of EA using widely accepted assays for the assessment of DNA
clastogenic activity: sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration, micronucleus and comet assays
as well as to predict the interactions among EA and DNA through molecular docking.
Methods:
Different assays were carried out to identify the clastogenic activity of EA on human lymphocyte
DNA using Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), Chromosome Aberration (CA), Micronucleus (MN)
and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE/comet) assays. For this aim, human peripheral blood lymphocytes
were treated with EA (60, 80 and 100 μg/ml) for 24 and 48 hrs in the SCE, CA and MN assays
and for 1 hr in the comet assay. Furthermore, molecular docking experiments were also performed to
calculate the binding energy of EA on human B-DNA structure (B-DNA dodecamer) as well as to predict
noncovalent interactions among these macromolecules.
Results:
At the concentrations and treatment times (24- or 48-hr) tested, EA did not induce either SCE or
Chromosome Aberrations (CAs) as compared to the negative and solvent controls. Although EA slightly
increased the percentage of Micronucleated Binuclear (%MNBN) cells as well as the percentage of Micronucleus
(%MN) in 24 or 48-hr treatment periods at all concentrations, this increase was not statistically
significant as compared to both controls. The effect of EA on DNA replication (nuclear division) was determined
by the Proliferation Index (PI), the Nuclear Division Index (NDI) and the Mitotic Index (MI). No
statistically significant differences were observed in the PI or NDI in 24- or 48-hr treatment periods in
human lymphocyte cultures treated with EA at various concentrations. EA generally had no significant
effect on the MI, as observed with the PI and NDI.
Discussion:
Although the concentrations of 60 and 80 μg/mL at a 24-hr treatment period and the concentrations
of 60 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL at 48-hr treatment period generally decreased the MI, those decreases
were not statistically significant when compared to negative and solvent controls. Moreover, none of the
concentrations of EA tested in this study were able to increase DNA damage determined by the tail DNA
length, %DNA in tail and tail moment parameters in the comet assay. Although the amount of DNA damage
in the comet assay decreased with increasing concentrations of EA, this decrease was not statistically
significant as compared to both controls. However, molecular docking experiments interestingly showed
that the binding free energy of EA with B-DNA was -7.84 kcal/mol-1, indicating a strong interaction between
the two molecules.
Conclusion :
Although the findings of our study show that EA does not have genotoxic potential in human
chromosomes, molecular docking experiments revealed strong hydrogen bonding between EA and
B-DNA molecules. Therefore, it has been proposed that the prevailing information suggesting that the
molecules that bind to DNA cause genotoxic effects should be reconsidered from a wider perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba C. Dördü
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Rüştü Hatipoğlu
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Topaktaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erman S. İstifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Koepsell H. Glucose transporters in the small intestine in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1207-1248. [PMID: 32829466 PMCID: PMC7462918 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Absorption of monosaccharides is mainly mediated by Na+-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 and the facititative transporters GLUT2 and GLUT5. SGLT1 and GLUT2 are relevant for absorption of D-glucose and D-galactose while GLUT5 is relevant for D-fructose absorption. SGLT1 and GLUT5 are constantly localized in the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes, whereas GLUT2 is localized in the basolateral membrane (BLM) or the BBM plus BLM at low and high luminal D-glucose concentrations, respectively. At high luminal D-glucose, the abundance SGLT1 in the BBM is increased. Hence, D-glucose absorption at low luminal glucose is mediated via SGLT1 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM whereas high-capacity D-glucose absorption at high luminal glucose is mediated by SGLT1 plus GLUT2 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM. The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations. Also, the roles of SGLT1 and GLUT2 for secretion of enterohormones are discussed. Furthermore, diseases are described that are caused by malfunctions of small intestinal monosaccharide transporters, such as glucose-galactose malabsorption, Fanconi syndrome, and fructose intolerance. Moreover, it is reported how diabetes, small intestinal inflammation, parental nutrition, bariatric surgery, and metformin treatment affect expression of monosaccharide transporters in the small intestine. Finally, food components that decrease D-glucose absorption and drugs in development that inhibit or downregulate SGLT1 in the small intestine are compiled. Models for regulations and combined functions of glucose transporters, and for interplay between D-fructose transport and metabolism, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Berger C, Zdzieblo D. Glucose transporters in pancreatic islets. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1249-1272. [PMID: 32394191 PMCID: PMC7462922 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fine-tuning of glucose uptake mechanisms is rendered by various glucose transporters with distinct transport characteristics. In the pancreatic islet, facilitative diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs), and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) contribute to glucose uptake and represent important components in the glucose-stimulated hormone release from endocrine cells, therefore playing a crucial role in blood glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about cell type-specific expression profiles as well as proven and putative functions of distinct GLUT and SGLT family members in the human and rodent pancreatic islet and further discusses their possible involvement in onset and progression of diabetes mellitus. In context of GLUTs, we focus on GLUT2, characterizing the main glucose transporter in insulin-secreting β-cells in rodents. In addition, we discuss recent data proposing that other GLUT family members, namely GLUT1 and GLUT3, render this task in humans. Finally, we summarize latest information about SGLT1 and SGLT2 as representatives of the SGLT family that have been reported to be expressed predominantly in the α-cell population with a suggested functional role in the regulation of glucagon release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Berger
- Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Glycolysis plays a central role in tumor metabolism and growth, and this is reflected in a high rate of glucose uptake. It is commonly assumed that the upregulation of the facilitated glucose transporter GLUT1 meets the tumor’s demand for sugar. This underlies the success in using 2FDG PET imaging in the clinic to identify and stage many tumors. However, 2FDG is not a substrate for a second class of glucose transporters, the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters, SGLTs, and so 2FDG PET may not provide a complete picture. A specific new radiotracer to detect SGLT activity has been introduced, Me4FDG, and this provides an opportunity to explore the potential role of SGLTs in supporting tumor glycolysis. In this brief review, I highlight the development of Me4FDG and our preliminary studies of Me4FDG PET in cancer patients. We find that the renal isoform, SGLT2, is expressed in pancreatic and prostate tumors and glioblastomas, and Me4FDG PET introduces a new method to image tumors. As SGLT2 drugs are successful in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also provide a new therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest M Wright
- Physiology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1299-1343. [PMID: 32789766 PMCID: PMC7462931 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative diffusion glucose transporters GLUT1-6 and GLUT8, and the Na+-d-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 are expressed. The glucose transporters mediate uptake of d-glucose across the blood-brain barrier and delivery of d-glucose to astrocytes and neurons. They are critically involved in regulatory adaptations to varying energy demands in response to differing neuronal activities and glucose supply. In this review, a comprehensive overview about verified and proposed roles of cerebral glucose transporters during health and diseases is presented. Our current knowledge is mainly based on experiments performed in rodents. First, the functional properties of human glucose transporters expressed in brain and their cerebral locations are described. Thereafter, proposed physiological functions of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and SGLT1 for energy supply to neurons, glucose sensing, central regulation of glucohomeostasis, and feeding behavior are compiled, and their roles in learning and memory formation are discussed. In addition, diseases are described in which functional changes of cerebral glucose transporters are relevant. These are GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-SD), diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). GLUT1-SD is caused by defect mutations in GLUT1. Diabetes and AD are associated with changed expression of glucose transporters in brain, and transporter-related energy deficiency of neurons may contribute to pathogenesis of AD. Stroke and TBI are associated with changes of glucose transporter expression that influence clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
60
|
Apple polyphenol-rich drinks dose-dependently decrease early-phase postprandial glucose concentrations following a high-carbohydrate meal: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and in vitro studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108466. [PMID: 32739411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research demonstrated that a high dose of phlorizin-rich apple extract (AE) can markedly inhibit early-phase postprandial glycemia, but efficacy of lower doses of the AE is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether lower AE doses reduce early-phase postprandial glycemia in healthy adults and investigate mechanisms. DESIGN In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, cross-over acute trial, drinks containing 1.8 g (HIGH), 1.35 g (MED), 0.9 g (LOW), or 0 g (CON) of a phlorizin-rich AE were consumed before 75 g starch/sucrose meal. Postprandial blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and polyphenol metabolites concentrations were measured 0-240 min, acetaminophen concentrations to assess gastric emptying rate, and 24 h urinary glucose excretion. Effects of AE on intestinal glucose transport were investigated in Caco-2/TC7 cells. RESULTS AE significantly reduced plasma glucose iAUC 0-30 min at all doses: mean differences (95% CI) relative to CON were -15.6 (-23.3, -7.9), -11.3 (-19.6, -3.0) and -8.99 (-17.3, -0.7) mmol/L per minute for HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW respectively, delayed Tmax (HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW 45 min vs. CON 30 min), but did not lower Cmax. Similar dose-dependent treatment effects were observed for insulin, C-peptide, and GIP. Gastric emptying rates and urinary glucose excretion did not differ. Serum phloretin, quercetin and epicatechin metabolites were detected postprandially. A HIGH physiological AE dose equivalent decreased total glucose uptake by 48% in Caco-2/TC7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Phlorizin-rich AE, even at a low dose, can slightly delay early-phase glycemia without affecting peak and total glycemic response.
Collapse
|
61
|
Kuroda S, Kobashi Y, Kawamura M, Kawabe K, Shiozawa F, Hamada M, Shimizu Y, Okumura-Kitajima L, Koretsune H, Kimura K, Yamamoto K, Kakinuma H. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of C-Phenyl D-Glucitol (TP0454614) Derivatives as Selective Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:635-652. [PMID: 32611999 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is the primary transporter for glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. While C-phenyl D-glucitol derivative SGL5213 has been reported to be a potent intestinal SGLT1 inhibitor for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, no SGLT1 selectivity was found in vitro (IC50 29 nM for hSGLT1 and 20 nM for hSGLT2). In this study we found a new method of synthesizing key intermediates 12 by a one-pot three-component condensation reaction and discovered C-phenyl D-glucitol 41j (TP0454614), which has >40-fold SGLT1 selectivity in vitro (IC50 26 nM for hSGLT1 and 1101 nM for hSGLT2). The results of our study have provided new insights into the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the SGLT1 selectivity of C-glucitol derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Kobashi
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Hamada
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Kayo Kimura
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Sano R, Shinozaki Y, Ohta T. Sodium-glucose cotransporters: Functional properties and pharmaceutical potential. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:770-782. [PMID: 32196987 PMCID: PMC7378437 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, and an essential source of energy for most living cells. Glucose transport across the cell membrane is mediated by two types of transporters: facilitative glucose transporters (gene name: solute carrier 2A) and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs; gene name: solute carrier 5A). Each transporter has its own substrate specificity, distribution, and regulatory mechanisms. Recently, SGLT1 and SGLT2 have attracted much attention as therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review addresses the basal and functional properties of glucose transporters and SGLTs, and describes the pharmaceutical potential of SGLT1 and SGLT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Sano
- Biological/Pharmacological Research LaboratoriesCentral Pharmaceutical Research InstituteJapan Tobacco IncTakatsukiJapan
| | - Yuichi Shinozaki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research LaboratoriesCentral Pharmaceutical Research InstituteJapan Tobacco IncTakatsukiJapan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional AnatomyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Lang F, Singh Y, Salker MS, Ma K, Pandyra AA, Lang PA, Lang KS. Glucose transport in lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1401-1406. [PMID: 32529300 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake into lymphocytes is accomplished by non-concentrative glucose carriers of the GLUT family (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6) and/or by the Na+-coupled glucose carrier SGLT1. The latter accumulates glucose against glucose gradients and is still effective at very low extracellular glucose concentrations. Signaling involved in SGLT1 expression and activity includes protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), and Janus kinases (JAK2 and JAK3). Glucose taken up is partially stored as glycogen. In hypoxic environments, such as in tumors as well as infected and inflamed tissues, lymphocytes depend on energy production from glycogen-dependent glycolysis. The lack of SGLT1 may compromise glycogen storage and thus lymphocyte survival and function in hypoxic tissues. Accordingly, in mice, genetic knockout of sglt1 compromised bacterial clearance following Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to an invariably lethal course of the disease. Whether the effect was due to the lack of sglt1 in lymphocytes or in other cell types still remains to be determined. Clearly, additional experimental effort is required to define the role of glucose transport by GLUTs and particularly by SGLT1 for lymphocyte survival and function, as well as orchestration of the host defense against tumors and bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany.
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tubingen, Germany.
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Department of Immunology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) Stabled by HER2 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HER2+ Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:6103542. [PMID: 32377271 PMCID: PMC7191406 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of tumor cells. SGLT1 plays a vital role in glucose metabolism. However, whether SGLT1 could promote cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of SGLT1 in breast cancer and examined its role in malignant behavior and prognosis. Further, we examined the SGLT1 expression in breast cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. We clarified that SGLT1 was overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines and was affected by HER2 status. We further found that SGLT1 affected breast cancer cell proliferation and patient survival by mediating cell survival pathway activation. SGLT1 was overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancers and associated with lymph node metastasis and HER2+ status. Inhibition of HER2 decreased SGLT1 expression, and the extracellular acidification rate was also reduced in the UACC812 and SKBR3 cell lines. These changes could be reversed by proteasome inhibitor treatment. Knockdown of SGLT1 blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Further, we demonstrated that high SGLT1 was significantly correlated with shorter survival in all breast cancer patients and specifically in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Therefore, we conclude that SGLT1 is overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancer, thereby promoting cell proliferation and shortening survival by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. This study submits that SGLT1 is promising not only as a novel biomarker of HER2+ breast cancer subtype but also as a potential drug target.
Collapse
|
65
|
LEFTY2/endometrial bleeding-associated factor up-regulates Na+ Coupled Glucose Transporter SGLT1 expression and Glycogen Accumulation in Endometrial Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230044. [PMID: 32236143 PMCID: PMC7112196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LEFTY2 (endometrial bleeding associated factor; EBAF or LEFTYA), a cytokine released shortly before menstrual bleeding, is a negative regulator of cell proliferation and tumour growth. LEFTY2 down-regulates Na+/H+ exchanger activity with subsequent inhibition of glycolytic flux and lactate production in endometrial cancer cells. Glucose can be utilized not only for glycolysis but also for glycogen formation. Both glycolysis and glycogen formation require cellular glucose uptake which could be accomplished by the Na+ coupled glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1; SLC5A1). The present study therefore explored whether LEFTY2 modifies endometrial SGLT1 expression and activity as well as glycogen formation. Ishikawa and HEC1a cells were exposed to LEFTY2, SGLT1 and glycogen synthase (GYS1) transcript levels determined by qRT-PCR. SGLT1, GYS1 and phospho-GYS1 protein abundance was quantified by western blotting, cellular glucose uptake from 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake, and cellular glycogen content utilizing an enzymatic assay and subsequent colorimetry. As a result, a 48-hour treatment with LEFTY2 significantly increased SGLT1 and GYS1 transcript levels as well as SGLT1 and GYS1 protein abundance in both Ishikawa and HEC1a cells. 2-NBDG uptake and cellular glycogen content were upregulated significantly in Ishikawa (type 1) but not in type 2 endometrial HEC1a cells, although there was a tendency of increased 2-NBDG uptake. Further, none of the effects were seen in human benign endometrial cells (HESCs). Interestingly, in both Ishikawa and HEC1a cells, a co-treatment with TGF-β reduced SGLT1, GYS and phospho-GYS protein levels, and thus reduced glycogen levels and again HEC1a cells had no significant change. In conclusion, LEFTY2 up-regulates expression and activity of the Na+ coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 and glycogen synthase GYS1 in a cell line specific manner. We further show the treatment with LEFTY2 fosters cellular glucose uptake and glycogen formation and TGF-β can negate this effect in endometrial cancer cells.
Collapse
|
66
|
Barbosa AM, Martel F. Targeting Glucose Transporters for Breast Cancer Therapy: The Effect of Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010154. [PMID: 31936350 PMCID: PMC7016663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is widely accepted to be a cancer hallmark. The deviant energetic metabolism of cancer cells-known as the Warburg effect-consists in much higher rates of glucose uptake and glycolytic oxidation coupled with the production of lactic acid, even in the presence of oxygen. Consequently, cancer cells have higher glucose needs and thus display a higher sensitivity to glucose deprivation-induced death than normal cells. So, inhibitors of glucose uptake are potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Overexpression of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT), mainly GLUT1, in breast cancer cells is firmly established, and the consequences of GLUT inhibition and/or knockout are under investigation. Herein we review the compounds, both of natural and synthetic origin, found to interfere with uptake of glucose by breast cancer cells, and the consequences of interference with that mechanism on breast cancer cell biology. We will also present data where the interaction with GLUT is exploited in order to increase the efficiency or selectivity of anticancer agents, in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-042-6654
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cardoso-Sousa L, Aguiar EMG, Caixeta DC, Vilela DD, da Costa DP, Silva TL, Cunha TM, Faria PR, Espindola FS, Jardim AC, Vieira AA, Oliveira TL, Goulart LR, Sabino-Silva R. Effects of salbutamol and phlorizin on acute pulmonary inflammation and disease severity in experimental sepsis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222575. [PMID: 31536570 PMCID: PMC6752759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infection can be exacerbated by the high glucose concentration in the airway surface liquid (ASL). We investigated the effects of salbutamol and phlorizin on the pulmonary function, oxidative stress levels and SGLT1 activity in lung, pulmonary histopathological damages and survival rates of rats with sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP). Twenty-four hours after surgery, CLP rats were intranasally treated with saline, salbutamol or phlorizin. After 2 hours, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Sepsis promoted atelectasis and bronchial inflammation, and led to increased expression of SGLT1 on cytoplasm of pneumocytes. Salbutamol treatment reduced bronchial inflammation and promoted hyperinsuflation in CLP rats. The interferon-ɤ and Interleucin-1β concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were closely related to the bronchial inflammation regulation. Salbutamol stimulated SGLT1 in plasma membrane; whereas, phlorizin promoted the increase of SGLT1 in cytoplasm. Phlorizin reduced catalase activity and induced a significant decrease in the survival rate of CLP rats. Taken together, sepsis promoted atelectasis and lung inflammation, which can be associated with SGLT1 inhibition. The loss of function of SGLT1 by phlorizin are related to the augmented disease severity, increased atelectasis, bronchial inflammation and a significant reduction of survival rate of CLP rats. Alternatively salbutamol reduced BAL inflammatory cytokines, bronchial inflammation, atelectasis, and airway damage in sepsis. These data suggest that this selective β2-adrenergic agonist may protect lung of septic acute effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léia Cardoso-Sousa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emilia Maria Gomes Aguiar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Pereira da Costa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires Lopes Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thúlio Marquez Cunha
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rogério Faria
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Antônio Vieira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tales Lyra Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Municipal University of Sao Caetano do Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wang L, Liu M, Yin F, Wang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Ye C, Liu J. Trilobatin, a Novel SGLT1/2 Inhibitor, Selectively Induces the Proliferation of Human Hepatoblastoma Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183390. [PMID: 31540429 PMCID: PMC6767144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that Na+-d-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors had anti-proliferative activity by attenuating the uptake of glucose in several tumor cell lines. In this study, the molecular docking showed that, trilobatin, one of the dihydrochalcones from leaves of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd., might be a novel inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, which evidently attenuated the uptake of glucose in vitro and in vivo. To our surprise, we observed that trilobatin did not inhibit, but promoted the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 and Huh 7 cells when it was present at high concentrations. At the same time, incubation with high concentrations of trilobatin arrested the cell cycle at S phase in HepG2 cells. We also found that treatment with trilobatin had no significant effect on the expression of hepatitis B x-interacting protein (HBXIP) and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α, the two key regulators of hepatocyte proliferation. Taken together, although trilobatin worked as a novel inhibitor of SGLTs to attenuate the uptake of glucose, it also selectively induced the cell proliferation of HepG2 cells, suggesting that not all the SGLT inhibitors inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, and further studies are needed to assess the anti-cancer potentials of new glucose-lowering agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Xingan Li
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yucui Wu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Cuilian Ye
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sodium-glucose cotransporters: new targets of cancer therapy? Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 69:278-285. [PMID: 30864374 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose, the key source of metabolic energy, is imported into cells by two categories of transporters: 1) facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) and 2) secondary active sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Cancer cells have an increased demand for glucose uptake and utilisation compared to normal cells. Previous studies have demonstrated the overexpression of GLUTs, mainly GLUT1, in many cancer types. As the current standard positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (2-FDG) for imaging tumour cells via GLUT1 lacks in sensitivity and specificity, it may soon be replaced by the newly designed, highly sensitive and specific SGLT tracer α-methyl-4-(F-18)fluoro-4-deoxy-Dglucopyranoside (Me-4FDG) in clinical detection and tumour staging. This tracer has recently demonstrated the functional activity of SGLT in pancreatic, prostate, and brain cancers. The mRNA and protein expression of SGLTs have also been reported in colon/colorectal, lung, ovarian, head, neck, and oral squamous carcinomas. So far, SGLTs have been poorly investigated in cancer, and their protein expression and localisation are often controversial due to a lack of specific SGLT antibodies. In this review, we describe current knowledge concerning SGLT1 and SGLT2 (over)expression in various cancer types. The findings of SGLTs in malignant cells may help in developing novel cancer therapies with SGLT2 or SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors already used in diabetes mellitus treatment.
Collapse
|
70
|
Silva C, Correia-Branco A, Andrade N, Ferreira AC, Soares ML, Sonveaux P, Stephenne J, Martel F. Selective pro-apoptotic and antimigratory effects of polyphenol complex catechin:lysine 1:2 in breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172533. [PMID: 31301308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Polyphenols, abundantly found in plants, possess many anticarcinogenic properties, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation, as well as pro-apoptotic effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a complex of (+)-catechin with 2 lysines (Cat:Lys) on cancer and non-cancer cells. For this, the in vitro effects of Cat:Lys on the viability, growth, proliferation, apoptosis, nutrient uptake and migration of breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancer and non-cancer cell lines was evaluated. We found that Cat:Lys exerted antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in all breast, pancreatic and colorectal cell lines tested, but with a much less marked amplitude in non-cancer cell lines. It nevertheless interfered with nutrient (3H-deoxy-D-glucose and 3H-lactate) uptake and with lactate production in both cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Cat:Lys was found to possess selective antimigratory effects in breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer cell lines. Cat:Lys also exerted pro-apoptotic effects in all the cancer cell lines that we tested, but not in non-cancer breast and pancreatic cell lines. The antimigratory, but not the pro-apoptotic, effects of Cat:Lys were found to be mediated by JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt pathway inhibition. In conclusion, Cat:Lys is a strong candidate for the development of new, effective anticancer agents against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Luz Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Izumi K, Iimura Y, Hiruma K, Touma T, Tsukamoto T. Clinical response to sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. IJU Case Rep 2019; 2:269-271. [PMID: 32743434 PMCID: PMC7292183 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors constitute a new class of antidiabetic medication. Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors have been shown to exert anticancer effects. However, the clinical value of these drugs as anticancer agents is yet to be evaluated. Case presentation A 72‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with frequent cough and dyspnea. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed renal cell carcinoma cT3bN0M1. Ipragliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, treatment was initiated to control blood glucose levels. Two years after diagnosis, computed tomography revealed remarkable tumor regression without any systemic therapy other than ipragliflozin. Conclusion Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are potentially applicable as anticancer agents among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Izumi
- Department of Urology Showa General Hospital Kodairashi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iimura
- Department of Urology Showa General Hospital Kodairashi, Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Tsuguhiro Touma
- Department of Urology Showa General Hospital Kodairashi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tsukamoto
- Department of Urology Showa General Hospital Kodairashi, Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Mrabti HN, El Abbes Faouzi M, Mayuk FM, Makrane H, Limas-Nzouzi N, Dibong SD, Cherrah Y, Elombo FK, Gressier B, Desjeux JF, Eto B. Arbutus unedo L., (Ericaceae) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and improves glucose tolerance in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:385-391. [PMID: 30742883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arbutus unedo L., (Ericaceae) is one of the most traditional plants commonly used to treat diabetes in people living in Eastern Morocco region particularly in Taza and Beni Mellal. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to find if there is a scientific support to the ethnopharmacological relevance use of Arbutus unedo L., roots bark (AU) to treat diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the effects of crude aqueous extract of AU on intestinal glucose absorption using short-circuit current technique in vitro and oral glucose tolerance test in vivo. RESULTS The aqueous extract of AU (10 µg/mL to 1 mg/mL) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of sodium-dependent glucose transport across isolated mouse jejunum. The maximal inhibition was obtained with 1 mg/mL, which exhibited more than 80% of the Phloridzin inhibition with an IC50 close to 216 µg/mL. A 6-week AU ingestion (2 g/(kg day)), improved oral glucose tolerance as efficiently as metformin (300 mg/(kg day)). Arbutus unedo L. and metformin also reduced body weight. CONCLUSIONS Arbutus unedo L. roots bark aqueous extract directly inhibited the electrogenic intestinal absorption of glucose in vitro. In addition it improved oral glucose tolerance and lowered body weight in rats after chronic oral administration in vivo. These results add a scientific support to the ethnopharmacological relevance use of Arbutus unedo L. roots bark to treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Team of Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Moulay El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Team of Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - François Massako Mayuk
- Etobiotech Cameroun and Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms, Department of Plant Biology, University of Douala, Cameroon; Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Lille, France
| | - Hanane Makrane
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Limas-Nzouzi
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Lille, France
| | - Siegfried Didier Dibong
- Etobiotech Cameroun and Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms, Department of Plant Biology, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Team of Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | | | - Bernard Gressier
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are recommended after metformin for a large spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes, because of a favorable benefit/risk profile despite a variety of adverse events. AREAS COVERED This narrative review discusses the safety profile of SGLT2is: initial concerns (cardiovascular safety, acute renal failure, hypoglycemia, urinary and genital infections, volume depletion, bladder cancer), further concerns (euglycemic ketoacidosis, bone fractures) and more recent concerns (lower limb amputation, Fournier's gangrene). EXPERT OPINION Overall, the safety profile of SGLT2is is good. The only increased adverse event that was consistently reported in clinical trials and observational studies is genital mycotic infections, with only a borderline increase in urinary tract infections. Among clinical trials, only the CANVAS program reported an unexpected increase in bone fractures and peripheral amputations. A variety of rare adverse events have been described as case reports, including ketoacidosis, amputations and Fournier gangrene, which led to specific warnings by regulatory agencies. Identifying predisposing patient's characteristics and/or precipitating clinical conditions would help prevent the most severe complications. These adverse events should not mask the overall cardiovascular and renal benefit of SGLT2is, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology , Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Liège University , Liège , Belgium.,b Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine , CHU Liège , Liège , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Spires D, Manis AD, Staruschenko A. Ion channels and transporters in diabetic kidney disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:353-396. [PMID: 31196609 PMCID: PMC6815098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus are major medical epidemics affecting millions of patients worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is associated with significant changes in renal hemodynamics and electrolyte transport. Alterations in renal ion transport triggered by pathophysiological conditions in diabetes can exacerbate hypertension, accelerate renal injury, and are integral to the development of DKD. Renal ion transporters and electrolyte homeostasis play a fundamental role in functional changes and injury to the kidney during DKD. With the large number of ion transporters involved in DKD, understanding the roles of individual transporters as well as the complex cascades through which they interact is essential in the development of effective treatments for patients suffering from this disease. This chapter aims to gather current knowledge of the major renal ion transporters with altered expression and activity under diabetic conditions, and provide a comprehensive overview of their interactions and collective functions in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anna D Manis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Schäfer N, Rikkala PR, Veyhl-Wichmann M, Keller T, Jurowich CF, Geiger D, Koepsell H. A Modified Tripeptide Motif of RS1 ( RSC1A1) Down-Regulates Exocytotic Pathways of Human Na +-d-glucose Cotransporters SGLT1, SGLT2, and Glucose Sensor SGLT3 in the Presence of Glucose. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:82-96. [PMID: 30355744 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A domain of protein RS1 (RSC1A1) called RS1-Reg down-regulates the plasma membrane abundance of Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 by blocking the exocytotic pathway at the trans-Golgi. This effect is blunted by intracellular glucose but prevails when serine in a QSP (Gln-Ser-Pro) motif is replaced by glutamate [RS1-Reg(S20E)]. RS1-Reg binds to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and inhibits ODC in a glucose-dependent manner. Because the ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) acts like RS1-Reg(S20E), and DFMO and RS1-Reg(S20E) are not cumulative, we raised the hypothesis that RS1-Reg(S20E) down-regulates the exocytotic pathway of SGLT1 at the trans-Golgi by inhibiting ODC. We investigated whether QEP down-regulates human SGLT1 (hSGLT1) like hRS1-Reg(S20E) and whether human Na+-d-glucose cotransporter hSGLT2 and the human glucose sensor hSGLT3 are also addressed. We expressed hSGLT1, hSGLT1 linked to yellow fluorescent protein (hSGLT1-YFP), hSGLT2-YFP and hSGLT3-YFP in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, injected hRS1-Reg(S20E), QEP, DFMO, and/or α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (AMG), and measured AMG uptake, glucose-induced currents, and plasma membrane-associated fluorescence after 1 hour. We also performed in vitro AMG uptake measurements into small intestinal mucosa of mice and human. The data indicate that QEP down-regulates the exocytotic pathway of SGLT1 similar to hRS1-Reg(S20E). Our results suggests that both peptides also down-regulate hSGLT2 and hSGLT3 via the same pathway. Thirty minutes after application of 5 mM QEP in the presence of 5 mM d-glucose, hSGLT1-mediated AMG uptake into small intestinal mucosa was decreased by 40% to 50%. Thus oral application of QEP in a formulation that optimizes uptake into enterocytes but prevents entry into the blood is proposed as novel antidiabetic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Prashanth Reddy Rikkala
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Maike Veyhl-Wichmann
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Thorsten Keller
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Christian Ferdinand Jurowich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute (N.S., T.K., D.G., H.K.) and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.R.R., M.V.-W., H.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paedriatic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.F.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Angelopoulou A, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Papaioannou L, Kakazanis Z, Khoury N, Zoumpourlis V, Papatheodorou S, Kardamakis D, Bakandritsos A, Hatziantoniou S, Avgoustakis K. Canagliflozin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles as potential treatment of hypoxic tumors in combination with radiotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2435-2454. [PMID: 30311542 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To synthesize magnetic nanoparticles loaded with the SGLT2-inhibitor canagliflozin (CANA) and evaluate its anticancer potential under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in combination or not with radiotherapy. MATERIAL & METHODS Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via an alkaline hydrolytic precipitation of iron precursor in the presence of poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate). CANA was conjugated to the nanoparticles using N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The anticancer efficacy of the nanoparticles was evaluated in cancer cell lines and in a mouse PDV C57 tumor model. RESULTS In the mouse xenograft cancer model, the combination of CANA-loaded nanoparticles with radiotherapy (in the presence of an external magnetic field at the tumor site) exhibited higher antitumor activity compared with the combination of free CANA with radiotherapy. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate the potential that the combination of selective delivery of a SGLT2 inhibitor such as CANA with radiotherapy holds as an anticancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Angelopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Ligeri Papaioannou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Zacharias Kakazanis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Khoury
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies & Materials, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Avgoustakis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.,Clinical Stidues Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Schäfer N, Friedrich M, Jørgensen ME, Kollert S, Koepsell H, Wischmeyer E, Lesch KP, Geiger D, Döring F. Functional analysis of a triplet deletion in the gene encoding the sodium glucose transporter 3, a potential risk factor for ADHD. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205109. [PMID: 30286162 PMCID: PMC6171906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporters (SGLT) belong to the solute carrier 5 family, which is characterized by sodium dependent transport of sugars and other solutes. In contrast, the human SGLT3 (hSGLT3) isoform, encoded by SLC5A4, acts as a glucose sensor that does not transport sugar but induces membrane depolarization by Na+ currents upon ligand binding. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of several extended pedigrees with high density of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identified a triplet ATG deletion in SLC5A4 leading to a single amino acid loss (ΔM500) in the hSGLT3 protein imperfectly co-segregating with the clinical phenotype of ADHD. Since mutations in homologous domains of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2 were found to affect intestinal and renal function, respectively, we analyzed the functional properties of hSGLT3[wt] and [ΔM500] by voltage clamp and current clamp recordings from cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. The cation conductance of hSGLT3[wt] was activated by application of glucose or the specific agonist 1-desoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as revealed by inward currents in the voltage clamp configuration and cell depolarization in the current clamp mode. Almost no currents and changes in membrane potential were observed when glucose or DNJ were applied to hSGLT3[ΔM500]-injected oocytes, demonstrating a loss of function by this amino acid deletion in hSGLT3. To monitor membrane targeting of wt and mutant hSGLT3, fusion constructs with YFP were generated, heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed for membrane fluorescence by confocal microscopy. In comparison to hSGLT3[wt] the fluorescent signal of mutant [ΔM500] was reduced by 43% indicating that the mutant phenotype might mainly result from inaccurate membrane targeting. As revealed by homology modeling, residue M500 is located in TM11 suggesting that in addition to the core structure (TM1-TM10) of the transporter, the surrounding TMs are equally crucial for transport/sensor function. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the deletion [ΔM500] in hSGLT3 inhibits membrane targeting and thus largely disrupts glucose-induced sodium conductance, which may, in interaction with other ADHD risk-related gene variants, influence the risk for ADHD in deletion carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Friedrich
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Morten Egevang Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Kollert
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health,University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health,University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Sebastiani A, Greve F, Gölz C, Förster CY, Koepsell H, Thal SC. RS1 (Rsc1A1) deficiency limits cerebral SGLT1 expression and delays brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2018; 147:190-203. [PMID: 30022488 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute cerebral lesions are associated with dysregulation of brain glucose homeostasis. Previous studies showed that knockdown of Na+ -D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 impaired outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion and that widely expressed intracellular RS1 (RSC1A1) is involved in transcriptional and post-translational down-regulation of SGLT1. In the present study, we investigated whether SGLT1 is up-regulated during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether removal of RS1 in mice (RS1-KO) influences SGLT1 expression and outcome. Unexpectedly, brain SGLT1 mRNA in RS1-KO was similar to wild-type whereas it was increased in small intestine and decreased in kidney. One day after TBI, SGLT1 mRNA in the ipsilateral cortex was increased 160% in wild-type and 40% in RS1-KO. After RS1 removal lesion volume 1 day after TBI was reduced by 12%, brain edema was reduced by 28%, and motoric disability determined by a beam walking test was improved. In contrast, RS1 removal did neither influence glucose and glycogen accumulation 1 day after TBI nor up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 or microglia activation 1 or 5 days after TBI. The data provide proof of principle that inhibition or down-regulation of SGLT1 by targeting RS1 in brain could be beneficial for early treatment of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sebastiani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik Greve
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carola Y Förster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Tsimihodimos V, Filippas-Ntekouan S, Elisaf M. SGLT1 inhibition: Pros and cons. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:153-156. [PMID: 30240793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium Glucose Cotransporters 1 (SGLT1) play important roles in the intestinal absorption of glucose and the renal reabsorption of glucose, especially in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and those receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. As a consequence, the inhibition of SGLT1 transporters may represent an interesting therapeutic option in patients with diabetes. However, genetic models of SGLT1 inactivation indicate that the malfunction of these transporters may have adverse effects on various tissues. In this review, we discuss the available evidence on the beneficial and detrimental effects that the inhibition of SGLT1 transporters might have. The inhibition of SGLT1 lowers serum glucose levels through the inhibition of intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of glucose. In addition, drugs that interfere with SGLT1-mediated transport of glucose may protect cardiac tissue by reducing glycogen accumulation and decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, this strategy may result in diarrhea, volume depletion, may interfere with the correction of hypoglycemia through the oral administration of carbohydrates and could predispose to the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, at the moment, SGLT1 inhibition seems to represent a two-edged sword.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - Moses Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Cignarelli A, Genchi VA, Caruso I, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Diabetes and cancer: Pathophysiological fundamentals of a 'dangerous affair'. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:378-388. [PMID: 29679627 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are worldwide chronic diseases with a major impact on the quality and expectancy of life. Metabolic abnormalities observed during the onset and progression of diabetes may have a critical role on the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. To date, there are no conclusive data on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and any type of human cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetes could elicit cell damage responses, such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, which participate in the cell transformation process raising the risk of cancer development. In addition, clinical trials have revealed that several anti-diabetes therapies may potentially affect the risk of cancer though largely undefined mechanisms. In this review, we highlight epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of diabetes, which may influence cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Annamaria Genchi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Irene Caruso
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Boehning AL, Essien SA, Underwood EL, Dash PK, Boehning D. Cell type-dependent effects of ellagic acid on cellular metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:411-418. [PMID: 29990828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid is a botanical polyphenol which has been shown to have numerous effects on cellular function. Ellagic acid can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cell types in vitro and in vivo. As such, ellagic acid has attracted significant interest as a potential chemotherapeutic compound. One mechanism by which ellagic acid has been proposed to affect cellular physiology is by regulating metabolic pathways. Here we show the dose-dependent effects of ellagic acid on cellular energy production and downstream induction of the apoptotic program in HEK293, HeLa, MCF7, and HepG2 cells. At physiologically relevant doses, ellagic acid has pleiotropic and cell-type specific effects on mitochondrial function. At high doses ellagic acid can also influence glycolytic pathways and induce cell death. Our results demonstrate that ellagic acid can influence mitochondrial function at therapeutically relevant concentrations. The observed effects of ellagic acid on cellular respiration are complex and cell type-specific, which may limit the chemotherapeutic utility of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Boehning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Safia A Essien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Erica L Underwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Mühlemann M, Zdzieblo D, Friedrich A, Berger C, Otto C, Walles H, Koepsell H, Metzger M. Altered pancreatic islet morphology and function in SGLT1 knockout mice on a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet. Mol Metab 2018; 13:67-76. [PMID: 29859847 PMCID: PMC6026318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycemic control by medical treatment represents one therapeutic strategy for diabetic patients. The Na+-d-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is currently of high interest in this context. SGLT1 is known to mediate glucose absorption and incretin secretion in the small intestine. Recently, inhibition of SGLT1 function was shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia. In view of the lately demonstrated SGLT1 expression in pancreatic islets, we investigated if loss of SGLT1 affects islet morphology and function. METHODS Effects associated with the loss of SGLT1 on pancreatic islet (cyto) morphology and function were investigated by analyzing islets of a SGLT1 knockout mouse model, that were fed a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet (SGLT1-/--GDFE) to circumvent the glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. To distinguish diet- and Sglt1-/--dependent effects, wildtype mice on either standard chow (WT-SC) or the glucose-free, fat-enriched diet (WT-GDFE) were used as controls. Feeding a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet further required the analysis of intestinal SGLT1 expression and function under diet-conditions. RESULTS Consistent with literature, our data provide evidence that small intestinal SGLT1 mRNA expression and function is regulated by nutrition. In contrast, pancreatic SGLT1 mRNA levels were not affected by the applied diet, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for SGLT1 in diverse tissues. Morphological changes such as increased islet sizes and cell numbers associated with changes in proliferation and apoptosis and alterations of the β- and α-cell population are specifically observed for pancreatic islets of SGLT1-/--GDFE mice. Glucose stimulation revealed no insulin response in SGLT1-/--GDFE mice while WT-GDFE mice displayed only a minor increase of blood insulin. Irregular glucagon responses were observed for both, SGLT1-/--GDFE and WT-GDFE mice. Further, both animal groups showed a sustained release of GLP-1 compared to WT-SC controls. CONCLUSION Loss or impairment of SGLT1 results in abnormal pancreatic islet (cyto)morphology and disturbed islet function regarding the insulin or glucagon release capacity from β- or α-cells, respectively. Consequently, our findings propose a new, additional role for SGLT1 maintaining proper islet structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mühlemann
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Berger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General Visceral Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Mojica L, Luna-Vital DA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Black bean peptides inhibit glucose uptake in Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression and translocation pathway of glucose transporters. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:552-560. [PMID: 29854625 PMCID: PMC5977767 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean protein fractions decreased glucose uptake in colorectal cancer cells. Protein fractions decreased SGLT1 and GLUT2 gene and protein expression and translocation. Black bean protein fractions could be used as anticancer drug adjuvants.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of black bean protein fraction (PFRA), and its derived peptides on glucose uptake, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and translocation on Caco-2 cells. The effect of treatments was evaluated on glucose uptake, protein expression and localization and gene expression on Caco-2 cells. PFRA (10 mg/mL) lowered glucose uptake from 27.4% after 30 min to 33.9% after 180 min of treatment compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). All treatments lowered GLUT2 expression after 30 min of treatment compared to untreated control (31.4 to 48.6%, p < 0.05). Similarly, after 24 h of treatment, GLUT2 was decreased in all treatments (23.5% to 48.9%) (p < 0.05). SGLT1 protein expression decreased 18.3% for LSVSVL (100 μM) to 45.1% for PFRA (10 mg/mL) after 24 h. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in expression and membrane translocation of GLUT2 and SGLT1 for all treatments compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of SLC2A2 (GLUT2) and SLC5A1 (SGLT1) was downregulated significantly up to two-fold change compared to the untreated control after 24 h treatment. Black bean protein fractions are an inexpensive, functional ingredient with significant biological potential to reduce glucose uptake and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-NBDG PubChem CID: 6711157
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose
- A, alanine
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- AU, arbitrary units
- BPI, bean protein isolate
- Black bean protein fraction
- Colorectal cancer
- E, glutamic acid
- F, phenylalanine
- GLUT2
- GLUT2, glucose transporter 2
- Glucose uptake
- Glucose: PubChem CID: 10954115
- I:K, lysine
- L, leucine
- N, asparagine
- P FRA, protein fractions
- P, proline
- PHL, phloretin
- PKC, protein kinase C II
- Phloretin: PubChem CID: 4788
- S, serine
- SD, standard deviation
- SGLT1
- SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1
- T, threonine
- V, valine
- WZB117, 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States.,Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., CIATEJ, 44270, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Keating E, Martel F. Antimetabolic Effects of Polyphenols in Breast Cancer Cells: Focus on Glucose Uptake and Metabolism. Front Nutr 2018; 5:25. [PMID: 29713632 PMCID: PMC5911477 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, metabolic reprogramming became a new key hallmark of tumor cells. One of its components is a deviant energetic metabolism, known as Warburg effect—an aerobic lactatogenesis—characterized by elevated rates of glucose uptake and consumption with high-lactate production even in the presence of oxygen. Because many cancer cells display a greater sensitivity to glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity than normal cells, inhibitors of glucose cellular uptake (facilitative glucose transporter 1 inhibitors) and oxidative metabolism (glycolysis inhibitors) are potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Polyphenols, abundantly contained in fruits and vegetables, are dietary components with an established protective role against cancer. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in the anticancer effect of polyphenols, including effects on apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, plasma membrane receptors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, inhibition of glucose cellular uptake and metabolism in cancer cell lines has been described for several polyphenols, and this effect was shown to be associated with their anticarcinogenic effect. This work will review data showing an antimetabolic effect of polyphenols and its involvement in the chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic potential of these dietary compounds, in relation to breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Keating
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Aguillón AR, Mascarello A, Segretti ND, de Azevedo HFZ, Guimaraes CRW, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Synthetic Strategies toward SGLT2 Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R. Aguillón
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Chan LKY, Wang Y, Ng EKW, Leung PS. Na + /H + exchanger 3 blockade ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus via inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1-mediated glucose absorption in the small intestine. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:709-717. [PMID: 29110392 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of Na+ /H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1)-mediated small intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) glucose absorption and its functional implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human jejunal samples were obtained from patients undergoing gastrectomy. 14 C-glucose absorption was measured by liquid scintillation counting. NHE3 expression was suppressed by siRNA-mediated knockdown or augmented in Caco2 cells. Glucose and insulin tolerance in db/db and m+/db mice was assessed with oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. Insulin resistance and β-cell function were assessed using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and β-cell function. RESULTS NHE3 expression was upregulated in db/db mouse jejunal BBM and high-glucose-treated Caco2 cells. NHE3 blockade impaired SGLT1-mediated glucose absorption in human jejunum, m+/db and db/db mouse jejunums, and Caco2 cells, via serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). NHE3 knockdown suppressed SGLT1-mediated glucose uptake and reduced mRNA and protein levels of SGK1 and SGLT1, which were conversely enhanced by NHE3 overexpression. Chronic S3226 treatment diminished postprandial glucose levels and ameliorated glucose intolerance in db/db mice. CONCLUSION NHE3 is essential in the modulation of small intestinal BBM glucose absorption. Our findings provide a rationale for future possible clinical application of NHE3 for treatment of T2DM through reducing intestinal glucose uptake and counteracting postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo K Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enders K W Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Wright EM, Ghezzi C, Loo DDF. Novel and Unexpected Functions of SGLTs. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:435-443. [PMID: 29021363 PMCID: PMC5817162 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 30 years since the intestinal sodium glucose cotransporter SGLT1 was cloned, and, in the intervening years, there have been many advances that have influenced physiology and medicine. Among the first was that SGLT1 is the founding member of the human gene family SLC5, containing 11 diverse transporters and a glucose sensor. Equally surprising was that SGLTs are members of a structural family of cotransporters and exchangers in different gene families. This led to the conclusion that these proteins operate by a mechanism where transport involves the opening and closing of external and internal gates. The mechanism is shared by a wide variety of transporters in different structural families, e.g., the human facilitated glucose transporters (SLC2) in the huge major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Not surprising is the finding that mutations in Sglt genes cause the rare diseases glucose-galactose-malabsorption (GGM) and familial renal glucosuria (FRG). However, it was not envisaged that SGLT inhibitors would be used to treat diabetes mellitus, and these drugs may be able to treat cancer. Finally, in 2017, we have just learned that SGLT1 may be required to resist infection and to avoid recurrent pregnancy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest M Wright
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chiara Ghezzi
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donald D F Loo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Okada J, Matsumoto S, Kaira K, Saito T, Yamada E, Yokoo H, Katoh R, Kusano M, Okada S, Yamada M. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition Combined With Cetuximab Significantly Reduced Tumor Size and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level in Colon Cancer Metastatic to Liver. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 17:e45-e48. [PMID: 29054804 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gunmaken Saiekikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Katoh
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kusano
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Madunić IV, Breljak D, Karaica D, Koepsell H, Sabolić I. Expression profiling and immunolocalization of Na +-D-glucose-cotransporter 1 in mice employing knockout mice as specificity control indicate novel locations and differences between mice and rats. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1545-1565. [PMID: 28842746 PMCID: PMC5691098 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression and localization of sodium-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 (SLC5A1), which is involved in small intestinal glucose absorption and renal glucose reabsorption, is of high biomedical relevance because SGLT1 inhibitors are currently tested for antidiabetic therapy. In human and rat organs, detailed expression profiling of SGLT1/Sglt1 mRNA and immunolocalization of the transporter protein has been performed. Using polyspecific antibodies and preabsorption with antigenic peptide as specificity control, in several organs, different immunolocalizations of SGLT1/Sglt1 between human and rat were obtained. Because the preabsorption control does not exclude cross-reactivity with similar epitopes, some localizations remained ambiguous. In the present study, we performed an immunocytochemical localization of Sglt1 in various organs of mice. Specificities of the immunoreactions were evaluated using antibody preabsorption with the Sglt1 peptide and the respective organs of Sglt1 knockout mice. Because staining in some locations was abolished after antibody preabsorption but remained in the knockout mice, missing staining in knockout mice was used as specificity criterion. The immunolocalization in mouse was identical or similar to rat in many organs, including small intestine, liver, and kidney. However, the male-dominant renal Sglt1 protein expression in mice differed from the female-dominant expression in rats, and localization in lung, heart, and brain observed in rats was not detected in mice. In mice, several novel locations of Sglt1, e.g., in eyes, tongue epithelial cells, pancreatic ducts, prostate, and periurethral glands were detected. Using end-point and quantitative RT-PCR in various organs, different Sglt1 expression in mice and rats was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Simon F, Tapia P, Armisen R, Echeverria C, Gatica S, Vallejos A, Pacheco A, Sanhueza ME, Alvo M, Segovia E, Torres R. Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Death Induced by High-Glucose Hypertonic Solution Involves Ca 2+ and Na + Ions and Oxidative Stress with the Participation of PKC/NOX2 and PI3K/Akt Pathways. Front Physiol 2017; 8:379. [PMID: 28659813 PMCID: PMC5468383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy is equally efficient as hemodialysis while providing greater patient comfort and mobility. Therefore, PD is the treatment of choice for several types of renal patients. During PD, a high-glucose hyperosmotic (HGH) solution is administered into the peritoneal cavity to generate an osmotic gradient that promotes water and solutes transport from peritoneal blood to the dialysis solution. Unfortunately, PD has been associated with a loss of peritoneal viability and function through the generation of a severe inflammatory state that induces human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) death. Despite this deleterious effect, the precise molecular mechanism of HPMC death as induced by HGH solutions is far from being understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the pathways involved in HGH solution-induced HPMC death. HGH-induced HPMC death included influxes of intracellular Ca2+ and Na+. Furthermore, HGH-induced HPMC death was inhibited by antioxidant and reducing agents. In line with this, HPMC death was induced solely by increased oxidative stress. In addition to this, the cPKC/NOX2 and PI3K/Akt intracellular signaling pathways also participated in HGH-induced HPMC death. The participation of PI3K/Akt intracellular is in agreement with previously shown in rat PMC apoptosis. These findings contribute toward fully elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism mediating peritoneal mesothelial cell death induced by high-glucose solutions during peritoneal dialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapySantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Tapia
- Unidad de Paciente Critico, Hospital Clínico Metropolitano de La FloridaSantiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisen
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Center for Excellence in Precision Medicine Pfizer, Pfizer ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo OHigginsSantiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vallejos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pacheco
- Sección de Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Maria E Sanhueza
- Sección de Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Miriam Alvo
- Sección de Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Erico Segovia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo OHigginsSantiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Torres
- Sección de Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Patil PD, Mahajan UB, Patil KR, Chaudhari S, Patil CR, Agrawal YO, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Past and current perspective on new therapeutic targets for Type-II diabetes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1567-1583. [PMID: 28579755 PMCID: PMC5446975 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of Type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Recently, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study reported that Type-II DM is a progressive disorder. Although, DM can be treated initially by monotherapy with oral agent; eventually, it may require multiple drugs. Additionally, insulin therapy is needed in many patients to achieve glycemic control. Pharmacological approaches are unsatisfactory in improving the consequences of insulin resistance. Single therapeutic approach in the treatment of Type-II DM is unsuccessful and usually a combination therapy is adopted. Increased understanding of biochemical, cellular and pathological alterations in Type-II DM has provided new insight in the management of Type-II DM. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms of Type-II DM development is essential for the exploration of novel therapeutic targets. Present review provides an insight into therapeutic targets of Type-II DM and their role in the development of insulin resistance. An overview of important signaling pathways and mechanisms in Type-II DM is provided for the better understanding of disease pathology. This review includes case studies of drugs that are withdrawn from the market. The experience gathered from previous studies and knowledge of Type-II DM pathways can guide the anti-diabetic drug development toward the discovery of clinically viable drugs that are useful in Type-II DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip D Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Sandip Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| |
Collapse
|