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Liao J, Chen Q. Biodegradable plastics in the air and soil environment: Low degradation rate and high microplastics formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126329. [PMID: 34118549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the promotion and use of biodegradable plastics (BPs) are growing into a general trend. Here the degradation performance of different types of BPs was investigated in the natural environment. Their degradation levels followed the order of pure BPs> BP blends> claimed "BP"≈ non-biodegradable plastic after 6-month incubation. Photo- and biodegradation were the main degradation mechanisms of these plastics in the air and soil, respectively. Poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) exhibited the highest weight loss potentials in both air (54.7 ± 9.1%) and soil (56.8 ± 4.8%), due to its special ether bond and the rich and diverse microorganisms on its biofilms. The microbiota on PPDO was distinct and enriched with Chloroflexi and Firmicutes that responsible for carbon cycle and organic degradation. The weight loss was only 1.1-8.0% for poly(lactic acid), and 0.8-6.8% for poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and other plastics are basically non-degradable. Of note, numerous microplastics were formed after PPDO degradation, with 441 ± 326 and 2103 ± 131 item/g plastic in the air and soil, respectively. Taken together, the monitoring of BP biodegradation in the natural environment is of vital importance, and it is risky to promote large-scale application of BPs if the knowledge gap of their environmental behavior has not been well addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Polar Moment Science and Technology Education Company, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
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52
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Hu H, Jin D, Yang Y, Zhang J, Ma C, Qiu Z. Distinct profile of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes on microplastics in Ganjiang River at the watershed level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111363. [PMID: 34048747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are of great public concern due to their wide distribution and the potential risk to humans and animals. In this study, the microplastic pollution associated with bacterial communities, human pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated compared to water, sediment, and natural wood particles. Microplastics were widely distributed in surface water of the Ganjiang River at a watershed level with an average value of 407 particles m-3. The fragment was the main microplastic shape found in the basin. Microplastics had significantly higher observed species and Chao1 index of bacterial communities than those in water, but comparable to wood particles. However, there was no difference in the microplastics pollution and alpha diversity indices of bacterial between different reaches along the Ganjiang River. Flavobacterium, Rhodoferax, Pseudomonas, and Janthinobacterium on the microplastics were all found to be enriched compared with water and sediment. Principal component analysis of the composition and function profile of bacterial communities showed that microplastics provide a new microbial niche in the Ganjiang River, which was distinct from water, sediment, and natural wood. Pseudomonas genus dominated the composition of human pathogenic bacteria on the microplastics, which was significantly different from water and sediment. No difference was observed in the relative abundance of total ARGs among the four media. However, microplastic and wood particles showed similar composition patterns of ARGs compared with water and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hu
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Nanchang Environmental Engineering and Technology, Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Danfeng Jin
- The Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Changpo Ma
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zumin Qiu
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Zaki MRM, Ying PX, Zainuddin AH, Razak MR, Aris AZ. Occurrence, abundance, and distribution of microplastics pollution: an evidence in surface tropical water of Klang River estuary, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3733-3748. [PMID: 33712970 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been considered as contaminants of emerging concern due to ubiquity in the environment; however, the occurrence of microplastics in river estuaries is scarcely investigated. The Klang River estuary is an important ecosystem that receives various contaminants from urbanised, highly populated areas and the busiest maritime centre in Selangor, Malaysia. This study investigates the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Klang River estuary. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 particles L-1 with a mean abundance of 2.47 particles L-1. There is no correlation between the abundance of microplastics and physicochemical properties, while there is a strong correlation between salinity and conductivity. The microplastics were characterised with a stereomicroscope and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse size, shape, colour, and polymer composition. The microplastics in the surface water were predominantly in the 300-1000 μm size class, followed by > 1000 μm and < 300 μm, and were mostly transparent fibres, fragments, and pellets. Polyamide and polyethylene were the main polymer types in the composition of the microplastics, suggesting that the microplastics originated from heavily urbanised and industrial locations such as the port, jetty, and residential areas. The widespread occurrence of microplastics in the environment and subsequent penetration of aquatic food webs may pose a serious threat to organisms. This study provides baseline data and a framework for further investigation of microplastic contamination in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rozaimi Mohd Zaki
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peh Xin Ying
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azim Haziq Zainuddin
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Raznisyafiq Razak
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Fournier E, Etienne-Mesmin L, Grootaert C, Jelsbak L, Syberg K, Blanquet-Diot S, Mercier-Bonin M. Microplastics in the human digestive environment: A focus on the potential and challenges facing in vitro gut model development. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125632. [PMID: 33770682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a major issue worldwide, generating massive amounts of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (MPs). Their ubiquitous nature in the environment but also in foodstuff and consumer packaged goods has revealed potential threats to humans who can be contaminated mainly through air, food and water consumption. In this review, the current literature on human exposure to MPs is summarized with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract as portal of entry. Then, we discuss the vector effect of MPs, in their pristine versus weathered forms, with well-known contaminants as heavy metals and chemicals, or more emerging ones as antibiotics or microbial pathogens, like Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Comprehensive knowledge on MP fate in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential impact on gut homeostasis disruption, including gut microbiota, mucus and epithelial barrier, is reported in vitro and in vivo in mammals. Special emphasis is given on the crucial need of developing robust in vitro gut models to adequately simulate human digestive physiology and absorption processes. Finally, this review points out future research directions on MPs in human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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55
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Mu X, Zhang S, Lv X, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Han B. Water flow and temperature drove epiphytic microbial community shift: Insight into nutrient removal in constructed wetlands from microbial assemblage and co-occurrence patterns. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125134. [PMID: 33845319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of water flow and low temperature on nutrient removal and underlying ecological mechanism of epiphytic microbial community in constructed wetlands remain to be fully illustrated. In this study, low temperature inhibited the decrease of TN, NH4+-N, TP, and COD concentrations in water, but water flow decreased NH4+-N and COD concentrations strikingly. The relative conductivity, soluble sugar, and protein of M. spicatum increased, while the total chlorophyll contents decreased significantly under the stress of water flow and low temperature. Temperature affected the alpha-diversity and composition of the microbial community, while water flow caused differences in community distribution. Deterministic processes dominated in microbial community assembly with increasing environmental stress. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that Chlorophyta, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla were the dominant hubs in September, however, low temperatures caused a shift to Metazoan dominated network, demonstrating diminished nutrient removal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ziqiu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Bing Han
- Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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56
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Wright RJ, Bosch R, Langille MGI, Gibson MI, Christie-Oleza JA. A multi-OMIC characterisation of biodegradation and microbial community succession within the PET plastisphere. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:141. [PMID: 34154652 PMCID: PMC8215760 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastics now pollute marine environments across the globe. On entering these environments, plastics are rapidly colonised by a diverse community of microorganisms termed the plastisphere. Members of the plastisphere have a myriad of diverse functions typically found in any biofilm but, additionally, a number of marine plastisphere studies have claimed the presence of plastic-biodegrading organisms, although with little mechanistic verification. Here, we obtained a microbial community from marine plastic debris and analysed the community succession across 6 weeks of incubation with different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products as the sole carbon source, and further characterised the mechanisms involved in PET degradation by two bacterial isolates from the plastisphere. RESULTS We found that all communities differed significantly from the inoculum and were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, i.e. Alteromonadaceae and Thalassospiraceae at early time points, Alcanivoraceae at later time points and Vibrionaceae throughout. The large number of encoded enzymes involved in PET degradation found in predicted metagenomes and the observation of polymer oxidation by FTIR analyses both suggested PET degradation was occurring. However, we were unable to detect intermediates of PET hydrolysis with metabolomic analyses, which may be attributed to their rapid depletion by the complex community. To further confirm the PET biodegrading potential within the plastisphere of marine plastic debris, we used a combined proteogenomic and metabolomic approach to characterise amorphous PET degradation by two novel marine isolates, Thioclava sp. BHET1 and Bacillus sp. BHET2. The identification of PET hydrolytic intermediates by metabolomics confirmed that both isolates were able to degrade PET. High-throughput proteomics revealed that whilst Thioclava sp. BHET1 used the degradation pathway identified in terrestrial environment counterparts, these were absent in Bacillus sp. BHET2, indicating that either the enzymes used by this bacterium share little homology with those characterised previously, or that this bacterium uses a novel pathway for PET degradation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of our multi-OMIC characterisation of PET degradation provide a significant step forwards in our understanding of marine plastic degradation by bacterial isolates and communities and evidences the biodegrading potential extant in the plastisphere of marine plastic debris. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Rafael Bosch
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Morgan G. I. Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joseph A. Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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57
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Cross-Hemisphere Study Reveals Geographically Ubiquitous, Plastic-Specific Bacteria Emerging from the Rare and Unexplored Biosphere. mSphere 2021; 6:e0085120. [PMID: 34106771 PMCID: PMC8265672 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00851-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is now appreciated that the millions of tons of plastic pollution travelling through marine systems carry complex communities of microorganisms, it is still unknown to what extent these biofilm communities are specific to the plastic or selected by the surrounding ecosystem. To address this, we characterized and compared the microbial communities of microplastic particles, nonplastic (natural and wax) particles, and the surrounding waters from three marine ecosystems (the Baltic, Sargasso and Mediterranean seas) using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that biofilm communities on microplastic and nonplastic particles were highly similar to one another across this broad geographical range. The similar temperature and salinity profiles of the Sargasso and Mediterranean seas, compared to the Baltic Sea, were reflected in the biofilm communities. We identified plastic-specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were not detected on nonplastic particles or in the surrounding waters. Twenty-six of the plastic-specific OTUs were geographically ubiquitous across all sampled locations. These geographically ubiquitous plastic-specific OTUs were mostly low-abundance members of their biofilm communities and often represented uncultured members of marine ecosystems. These results demonstrate the potential for plastics to be a reservoir of rare and understudied microbes, thus warranting further investigations into the dynamics and role of these microbes in marine ecosystems. IMPORTANCE This study represents one of the largest comparisons of biofilms from environmentally sampled plastic and nonplastic particles from aquatic environments. By including particles sampled through three separate campaigns in the Baltic, Sargasso, and Mediterranean seas, we were able to make cross-geographical comparisons and discovered common taxonomical signatures that define the plastic biofilm. For the first time, we identified plastic-specific bacteria that reoccur across marine regions. Our data reveal that plastics have selective properties that repeatedly enrich for similar bacteria regardless of location, potentially shifting aquatic microbial communities in areas with high levels of plastic pollution. Furthermore, we show that bacterial communities on plastic do not appear to be strongly influenced by polymer type, suggesting that other properties, such as the absorption and/or leaching of chemicals from the surface, are likely to be more important in the selection and enrichment of specific microorganisms.
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58
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García-Gómez JC, Garrigós M, Garrigós J. Plastic as a Vector of Dispersion for Marine Species With Invasive Potential. A Review. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.629756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic debris constitutes up to 87% of marine litter and represents one of the most frequently studied vectors for marine alien species with invasive potential in the last 15 years. This review addresses an integrated analysis of the different factors involved in the impact of plastic as a vector for the dispersal of marine species. The sources of entry of plastic materials into the ocean are identified as well as how they move between different habitats affecting each trophic level and producing hot spots of plastic accumulation in the ocean. The characterization of plastic as a dispersal vector for marine species has provided information about the inherent properties of plastics which have led to its impact on the ocean: persistence, buoyancy, and variety in terms of chemical composition, all of which facilitate colonization by macro and microscopic species along with its dispersion throughout different oceans and ecosystems. The study of the differences in the biocolonization of plastic debris according to its chemical composition provided fundamental information regarding the invasion process mediated by plastic, and highlighted gaps of knowledge about this process. A wide range of species attached to plastic materials has been documented and the most recurrent phyla found on plastic have been identified from potentially invasive macrofauna to toxic microorganisms, which are capable of causing great damage in places far away from their origin. Plastic seems to be more efficient than the natural oceanic rafts carrying taxa such as Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca. Although the differential colonization of different plastic polymers is not clear, the chemical composition might determine the community of microorganisms, where we can find both pathogens and virulent and antibiotic resistance genes. The properties of plastic allow it to be widely dispersed in practically all ocean compartments, making this material an effective means of transport for many species that could become invasive.
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59
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Wang L, Tong J, Li Y, Zhu J, Zhang W, Niu L, Zhang H. Bacterial and fungal assemblages and functions associated with biofilms differ between diverse types of plastic debris in a freshwater system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110371. [PMID: 33130168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Once in aquatic ecosystems, plastics can be easily colonized by diverse microbes, and these microbial communities on plastics-the 'plastisphere'-often differ from the communities in the surrounding water and other substrates. However, our knowledge of plastic-associated bacterial and fungal communities on diverse plastics in freshwater is poor, especially for fungal communities. Furthermore, intraspecies interactions among bacterial and fungal communities colonized on diverse plastics are poorly known. Here, we characterized the taxonomic composition and diversity of bacteria and fungi on three types of plastics in a lab-scale incubator with freshwater from an urban river. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the alpha diversity of bacterial communities was higher on polyethylene microplastics (MPs) than on polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) sheets. The structure of bacterial communities on MPs differed from those on plastic sheets. In contrast, no striking differences in alpha diversity and taxonomic composition were observed for fungal communities on different types of plastics. Members of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Mucoromycota dominated fungal assemblages on plastics. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the biotic interactions between bacteria and fungi on MPs were less complex than those on PE and PP sheets. The three types of plastics shared no keystone taxa. The functional profiles (KEGG) predicted by Tax4Fun showed that the pathways of alanine, aspartate, glutamate and biotin metabolism were enriched in biofilms on MPs. Nonetheless, the higher complexity of plastic sheet-associated biofilms might make them more resistant to environmental perturbation and facilitate the maintenance of microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China; State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
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60
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Mahadevan G, Valiyaveettil S. Comparison of Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Polyvinyl Chloride and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles on Normal Human Lung Cell Lines. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1468-1480. [PMID: 33861932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of micro- and nanoparticles of common plastic materials present in the environment are causing an adverse health impact on living organisms. As a model study, here we report the synthesis and characterization of luminescent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles and investigate the interaction with normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR 90) to understand the uptake, translocation, and toxicity of PVC and PMMA nanoparticles. The synthesized particles are in the size range of 120-140 nm with a negative surface potential. The colocalization and uptake efficiency of the nanoparticles were analyzed, and the cytotoxicity assay shows significant reduction in cell viability. Cellular internalization was investigated using colocalization and dynasore inhibitor tests, which showed that the PVC and PMMA nanoparticles enter into the cell via endocytosis. The polymer nanoparticles induced a reduction in viability, decrease in adenosine triphosphate, and increase in reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. In addition, the polymer nanoparticles caused cell cycle arrest at sub-G1, G0/G1, and G2/M phases, followed by apoptotic cell death. Our results reported here are important to the emerging data on understanding the impact of common polymer particles on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomathi Mahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Birch QT, Potter PM, Pinto PX, Dionysiou DD, Al-Abed SR. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques for microplastics characterization. Talanta 2021; 224:121743. [PMID: 33379004 PMCID: PMC7879947 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale plastic particles in the environment result from their direct release and degradation of larger plastic debris. Relative to macro-sized plastics, these small particles are of special concern due to their potential impact on marine, freshwater, and terrestrial systems. While microplastic (MP) pollution has been widely studied in geographic regions globally, many questions remain about its origins. It is assumed that urban environments are the main contributors but systematic studies are lacking. The absence of standard methods to characterize and quantify MPs and smaller particles in environmental and biological matrices has hindered progress in understanding their geographic origins and sources, distribution, and impact. Hence, the development and standardization of methods is needed to establish the potential environmental and human health risks. In this study, we investigated stable carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman) as complementary techniques for characterization of common plastics. Plastic items selected for comparative analysis included food packaging, containers, straws, and polymer pellets. The ability of IRMS to distinguish weathered samples was also investigated using the simulated weathering conditions of ultraviolet (UV) light and heat. Our IRMS results show a difference between the δ13C values for plant-derived and petroleum-based polymers. We also found differences between plastic items composed of the same polymer but from different countries, and between some recycled and nonrecycled plastics. Furthermore, increasing δ13C values were observed after exposure to UV light. The results of the three techniques, and their advantages and limitations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Birch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | | | | | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Souhail R Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
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62
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Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A, Hashem M, Mostafa YS, Alhaithloul HAS, Alghanem SM. Linking effects of microplastics to ecological impacts in marine environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128541. [PMID: 33059282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efforts to determine the ecological impacts of microplastic pollutants have increased because of plastic's accelerated contamination of the environment. The tiny size, variable surface topography, thermal properties, bioavailability and biological toxicity of microplastics all offer opportunities for these pollutants to negatively impact the environment. Additionally, various inorganic and organic chemicals sorbed on these particles may pose a greater threat to organisms than the microplastics themselves. However, there is still a big knowledge gap in the assessment of various toxicological effects of microplastics in the environment. Ecological risk assessment of microplastics has become more challenging with the current data gaps. Thus, a current literature review and identification of the areas where research on ecology of microplastics can be extended is necessary. We have provided an overview of various aspects of microplastics by which they interact negatively or positively with marine organisms. We hypothesize that biogeochemical interactions are critical to fully understand the ecological impacts, movement, and fate of microplastics in oceans. As microplastics are now ubiquitous in marine environments and impossible to remove, we recommend that it's not too late to converge research on plastic alternatives. In addition, strict actions should be taken promptly to prevent plastics from entering the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Mostafa
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman M Alghanem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Chi J, Zhang H, Zhao D. Impact of microplastic addition on degradation of dibutyl phthalate in offshore sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111881. [PMID: 33302127 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, effects of microplastics (polypropylene and polystyrene) at four concentrations (0.2-10%, w/w) on di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) degradation in offshore sediments were investigated. DBP degradation percentage was enhanced by 0.2% microplastics (7.3-11.0% increment) but was reduced by 2-10% microplastics (3.7-27.7% decrement). Meanwhile, addition of microplastics with higher sorption ability to DBP led to lower DBP degradation percentage. The initial concentration of bioavailable DBP in sediments decreased with the increase of microplastic sorption ability to DBP and microplastic concentration. Microbial community structure was more significantly influenced by microplastic type than by microplastic concentration. Significant positive correlation was observed between the total relative abundances of dominant DBP-degraders and DBP degradation percentage. The results indicated that the changes in DBP degradation percentage were related to both DBP bioavailability and the total relative abundances of dominant DBP-degraders. Hence, persistence of the pollutant in the coastal environment was microplastic type- and concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Haitong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Hou D, Hong M, Wang K, Yan H, Wang Y, Dong P, Li D, Liu K, Zhou Z, Zhang D. Prokaryotic community succession and assembly on different types of microplastics in a mariculture cage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115756. [PMID: 33162209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as a new anthropogenic substrate that can readily be colonized by microorganisms. Nevertheless, microbial community succession and assembly among different microplastics in nearshore mariculture cages remains poorly understood. Using an in situ incubation experiment, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the neutral model, we investigated the prokaryotic communities attached to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) in a mariculture cage in Xiangshan Harbor, China. The α-diversities and compositions of microplastic-attached prokaryotic communities were significantly distinct from free-living and small particle-attached communities in the surrounding water but relatively similar to the large particle-attached communities. Although a distinct prokaryotic community was developed on each type of microplastic, the communities on PE and PP more closely resembled each other. Furthermore, the prokaryotic community dissimilarity among all media (microplastics and water fractions) tended to decrease over time. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria Alcanivorax preferentially colonized PE, and the genus Vibrio with opportunistically pathogenic members has the potential to colonize PET. Additionally, neutral processes dominated the prokaryotic community assembly on PE and PP, while selection was more responsible for the prokaryotic assembly on PET. The assembly of Planctomycetaceae and Thaumarchaeota Marine Group I taxa on three microplastics were mainly governed by selection and neutral processes, respectively. Our study provides further understanding of microplastic-associated microbial ecology in mariculture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Man Hong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Huizhen Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Pengsheng Dong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Xiangshan Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Ningbo, 315700, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Vibrio Colonization Is Highly Dynamic in Early Microplastic-Associated Biofilms as Well as on Field-Collected Microplastics. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010076. [PMID: 33396691 PMCID: PMC7823642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and provide a habitat for biofilm-forming bacteria. The genus Vibrio, which includes potential pathogens, was detected irregularly on microplastics. Since then, the potential of microplastics to enrich (and serve as a vector for) Vibrio has been widely discussed. We investigated Vibrio abundance and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) composition on polyethylene and polystyrene within the first 10 h of colonization during an in situ incubation experiment, along with those found on particles collected from the Baltic Sea. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence networks to elaborate the role of Vibrio within biofilms. Colonization of plastics with Vibrio was detectable after one hour of incubation; however, Vibrio numbers and composition were very dynamic, with a more stable population at the site with highest nutrients and lowest salinity. Likewise, Vibrio abundances on field-collected particles were variable but correlated with proximity to major cities. Vibrio was poorly connected within biofilm networks. Taken together, this indicates that Vibrio is an early colonizer of plastics, but that the process is undirected and independent of the specific surface. Still, higher nutrients could enhance a faster establishment of Vibrio populations. These parameters should be considered when planning studies investigating Vibrio on microplastics.
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Landrigan PJ, Stegeman JJ, Fleming LE, Allemand D, Anderson DM, Backer LC, Brucker-Davis F, Chevalier N, Corra L, Czerucka D, Bottein MYD, Demeneix B, Depledge M, Deheyn DD, Dorman CJ, Fénichel P, Fisher S, Gaill F, Galgani F, Gaze WH, Giuliano L, Grandjean P, Hahn ME, Hamdoun A, Hess P, Judson B, Laborde A, McGlade J, Mu J, Mustapha A, Neira M, Noble RT, Pedrotti ML, Reddy C, Rocklöv J, Scharler UM, Shanmugam H, Taghian G, van de Water JA, Vezzulli L, Weihe P, Zeka A, Raps H, Rampal P. Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:151. [PMID: 33354517 PMCID: PMC7731724 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood. Goals (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health. Methods Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental injustice on a planetary scale. Conclusions Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted.Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored.Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries. Recommendations World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, GB
- University of Exeter Medical School, GB
| | | | - Donald M. Anderson
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | - Lilian Corra
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), CH
- Health and Environment of the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), AR
| | | | - Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, FR
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, DK
- Ecotoxicologie et développement durable expertise ECODD, Valbonne, FR
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FR
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FR
| | | | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, US
| | | | - Patrick Fénichel
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E. Hahn
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation des Mers, FR
| | | | | | - Jacqueline McGlade
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, GB
- Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, KE
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, NG
- Imperial College London, GB
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pál Weihe
- University of the Faroe Islands and Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, FO
| | | | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
| | - Patrick Rampal
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
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Soares MDO, Matos E, Lucas C, Rizzo L, Allcock L, Rossi S. Microplastics in corals: An emergent threat. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111810. [PMID: 33142139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article seeks to present a summary of knowledge and thus improve awareness of microplastic impacts on corals. Recent research suggests that microplastics have a variety of species-specific impacts. Among them, a reduced growth, a substantial decrease of detoxifying and immunity enzymes, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, high production of mucus, reduction of fitness, and negative effects on coral-Symbiodiniaceae relationships have been highlighted in recent papers. In addition to this, tissue necrosis, lower fertilization success, alteration of metabolite profiles, energetic costs, decreased skeletal growth and calcification, and coral bleaching have been observed under significant concentrations of microplastics. Furthermore, impairment of feeding performance and food intake, changes in photosynthetic performance and increased exposure to contaminants, pathogens and other harmful compounds have also been found. In conclusion, microplastics may cause a plethora of impacts on corals in shallow, mesophotic, and deep-sea zones at different latitudes; underlining an emerging threat globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Eliana Matos
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lucas
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Louise Allcock
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Jaafar N, Musa SM, Azfaralariff A, Mohamed M, Yusoff AH, Lazim AM. Improving the efficiency of post-digestion method in extracting microplastics from gastrointestinal tract and gills of fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127649. [PMID: 32688323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-digestion treatment is an important step during sample preparation to facilitate the removal of undigested materials for better detection of ingested microplastics. Sieving, density separation with zinc chloride solution (ZnCl2), and oil extraction protocol (OEP) have been introduced in separating microplastics from sediments. The clean-up methods are rarely highlighted in previous studies, especially in the separation of microplastics from marine biota. Thus, this study proposed and compared the suitability of three techniques, which can reduce the number of undigested particles from the digestate of GIT and gills. Our result has shown excellent removal of non-plastics materials and reduces the coloration of filter paper in all treated samples. Both sieving and density separation achieved optimum post-digestion efficiencies of >95% for both GIT and gill samples, which former showed no effect on polymer integrity. Additionally, high recovery rate was obtained for the larger size microplastics (>500 μm) with approximately 97.7% (GIT) and 95.7% (gill), respectively. Exposure to the ZnCl2 solution led to a significant loss of smaller size PET and changed the absorption spectrums of all tested polymers. Particle morphology determined by SEM revealed such exposure eroded the surface of PET fragments and elemental analysis has shown detectable peaks of zinc and chlorine appeared. Low microplastics recoveries were achieved through OPE and residue of oil was observed from the infrared spectrum of all tested polymer. The findings demonstrate sieving with size fractioning can provide exceptional removal of non-plastics materials from the digestate of GIT and gill samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhazwani Jaafar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq M Musa
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Mohamed
- Advanced Material Research Cluster (AMRC) Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology (FBET), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafidz Yusoff
- Advanced Material Research Cluster (AMRC) Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology (FBET), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mammo FK, Amoah ID, Gani KM, Pillay L, Ratha SK, Bux F, Kumari S. Microplastics in the environment: Interactions with microbes and chemical contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140518. [PMID: 32653705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that have gained considerable attention during the last few decades due to their adverse impact on living organisms and the environment. Recent studies have shown their ubiquitous presence in the environment including the atmosphere, soil, and water. Though several reviews have focused on the occurrence of microplastics in different habitats, little attention has been paid to their interaction with biological and chemical pollutants in the environment. This review therefore presents the state of knowledge on the interaction of MPs with chemicals and microbes in different environments. The distribution of MPs, the association of toxic chemicals with MPs, microbial association with MPs and the microbial-induced fate of MPs in the environment are discussed. The biodegradation and bioaccumulation of MPs by and in microbes and its potential impact on the food chain are also reviewed. The mechanisms driving these interactions and how these, in turn, affect living organisms however are not yet fully understood and require further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Mammo
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - I D Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - K M Gani
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - L Pillay
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - S K Ratha
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - F Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - S Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Guo J, Yu K, Wang Y, Li R. Dynamic distribution of microplastics in mangrove sediments in Beibu Gulf, South China: Implications of tidal current velocity and tidal range. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122849. [PMID: 32544765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic factors have always been considered as the predominant factors determining the transportation of suspended particulate matter in tidal flats. However, whether such factors also affect the transportation of microplastics (MPs) in mangrove forests remains largely unknown. In our study, the extent to which the two most critical hydrodynamic factors (tidal range and current velocity) impact the distribution of MPs in mangrove sediments was evaluated. In the different zones of the mangrove forest, strong linear relationships were observed between the tidal current velocity and MPs content during both the flood and ebb tide periods (p = 0.002, R2 > 0.837). Similarly, in the same mangrove forest, the MPs content significantly differed, and a general increasing trend was found from the seaward boundary (ranging from 80 ± 16 item/kg to 1020 ± 89 item/kg) to the landward boundary (ranging from 520 ± 32 to 6040 ± 114 item/kg). The MPs growth rates showed obvious linear relationships with the tidal current velocity (p < 0.005, R2 > 0.905), but there were no relationships with the tidal range (p = 0.717). The results of this work highlight that tidal current velocity and tidal range should be taken into account when exploring the mechanisms of MPs distributions in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuaipeng Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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71
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Wright RJ, Langille MGI, Walker TR. Food or just a free ride? A meta-analysis reveals the global diversity of the Plastisphere. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:789-806. [PMID: 33139870 PMCID: PMC8027867 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is now indisputable that plastics are ubiquitous and problematic in ecosystems globally. Many suggestions have been made about the role that biofilms colonizing plastics in the environment—termed the “Plastisphere”—may play in the transportation and ecological impact of these plastics. By collecting and re-analyzing all raw 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metadata from 2,229 samples within 35 studies, we have performed the first meta-analysis of the Plastisphere in marine, freshwater, other aquatic (e.g., brackish or aquaculture) and terrestrial environments. We show that random forest models can be trained to differentiate between groupings of environmental factors as well as aspects of study design, but—crucially—also between plastics when compared with control biofilms and between different plastic types and community successional stages. Our meta-analysis confirms that potentially biodegrading Plastisphere members, the hydrocarbonoclastic Oceanospirillales and Alteromonadales are consistently more abundant in plastic than control biofilm samples across multiple studies and environments. This indicates the predilection of these organisms for plastics and confirms the urgent need for their ability to biodegrade plastics to be comprehensively tested. We also identified key knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Wright
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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72
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Wright RJ, Erni-Cassola G, Zadjelovic V, Latva M, Christie-Oleza JA. Marine Plastic Debris: A New Surface for Microbial Colonization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11657-11672. [PMID: 32886491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastics become rapidly colonized by microbes when released into marine environments. This microbial community-the Plastisphere-has recently sparked a multitude of scientific inquiries and generated a breadth of knowledge, which we bring together in this review. Besides providing a better understanding of community composition and biofilm development in marine ecosystems, we critically discuss current research on plastic biodegradation and the identification of potentially pathogenic "hitchhikers" in the Plastisphere. The Plastisphere is at the interface between the plastic and its surrounding milieu, and thus drives every interaction that this synthetic material has with its environment, from ecotoxicity and new links in marine food webs to the fate of the plastics in the water column. We conclude that research so far has not shown Plastisphere communities to starkly differ from microbial communities on other inert surfaces, which is particularly true for mature biofilm assemblages. Furthermore, despite progress that has been made in this field, we recognize that it is time to take research on plastic-Plastisphere-environment interactions a step further by identifying present gaps in our knowledge and offering our perspective on key aspects to be addressed by future studies: (I) better physical characterization of marine biofilms, (II) inclusion of relevant controls, (III) study of different successional stages, (IV) use of environmentally relevant concentrations of biofouled microplastics, and (V) prioritization of gaining a mechanistic and functional understanding of Plastisphere communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Erni-Cassola
- Man-Society-Environment (MSE) program, University of Basel, Basel 4003, Switzerland
| | - Vinko Zadjelovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Mira Latva
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles 07190, Spain
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73
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Guan J, Qi K, Wang J, Wang W, Wang Z, Lu N, Qu J. Microplastics as an emerging anthropogenic vector of trace metals in freshwater: Significance of biofilms and comparison with natural substrates. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116205. [PMID: 32717496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in freshwater environments, and represent an emerging anthropogenic vector for contaminants, such as trace metals. In this study, virgin expanded polystyrene (PS) particles were placed in a eutrophic urban lake and a reservoir serving as the resource of domestic water for 4 weeks, to develop biofilms on the surface. For comparison, natural adsorbents in the form of suspended particles and surficial sediment were also sampled from these waterbodies. The trace metal adsorption properties of anthropogenic (virgin and biofilm covered microplastics) and natural substrates were investigated and compared via batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, revealed that biofilms could enhance the trace metal adsorption capacity of MPs. However, natural substrates still had a greater adsorption capacity. Biofilms also alter the adsorption kinetics of trace metals onto MPs. The process of adsorption onto virgin MPs was dominated by intraparticle diffusion, whereas film diffusion governed adsorption onto biofilm covered microplastics and natural substrates. The trace metal adsorption of all the substrates was significantly dependent on pH and ionic strength. The adsorption mechanisms were further analyzed by SEM-EDS and FT-IR. The enhancement of adsorption was mainly attributed to complexation with functional groups contained in the biofilms, including carboxyl, amino, and phenyl-OH. Collectively, biofilm development intensifies the role of MPs in the migration and fate of trace metals in freshwater, since it does not give MPs an edge over natural substrates in adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunian Guan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Kun Qi
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Junyang Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Zirui Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
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74
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Pinto M, Polania Zenner P, Langer TM, Harrison J, Simon M, Varela MM, Herndl GJ. Putative degraders of low-density polyethylene-derived compounds are ubiquitous members of plastic-associated bacterial communities in the marine environment. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4779-4793. [PMID: 32935476 PMCID: PMC7702132 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It remains unknown whether and to what extent marine prokaryotic communities are capable of degrading plastic in the ocean. To address this knowledge gap, we combined enrichment experiments employing low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) as the sole carbon source with a comparison of bacterial communities on plastic debris in the Pacific, the North Atlantic and the northern Adriatic Sea. A total of 35 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were enriched in the LDPE‐laboratory incubations after 1 year, of which 20 were present with relative abundances > 0.5% in at least one plastic sample collected from the environment. From these, OTUs classified as Cognatiyoonia, Psychrobacter, Roseovarius and Roseobacter were found in the communities of plastics collected at all oceanic sites. Additionally, OTUs classified as Roseobacter, Pseudophaeobacter, Phaeobacter, Marinovum and Cognatiyoonia, also enriched in the LDPE‐laboratory incubations, were enriched on LDPE communities compared to the ones associated to glass and polypropylene in in‐situ incubations in the northern Adriatic Sea after 1 month of incubation. Some of these enriched OTUs were also related to known alkane and hydrocarbon degraders. Collectively, these results demonstrate that there are prokaryotes capable of surviving with LDPE as the sole carbon source living on plastics in relatively high abundances in different water masses of the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pinto
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Plastics in the Environment and Society', University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paula Polania Zenner
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa M Langer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jesse Harrison
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marta M Varela
- IEO, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Plastics in the Environment and Society', University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,NIOZ, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
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75
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Bowley J, Baker-Austin C, Porter A, Hartnell R, Lewis C. Oceanic Hitchhikers - Assessing Pathogen Risks from Marine Microplastic. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:107-116. [PMID: 32800610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As plastic debris in the environment continues to increase, an emerging concern is the potential for microplastic to act as vectors for pathogen transport. With aquaculture the fastest growing food sector, and microplastic contamination of shellfish increasingly demonstrated, understanding any risk of pathogen transport associated with microplastic is important for this industry. However, there remains a lack of detailed, systematic studies assessing the interactions and potential impacts that the attachment of human and animal pathogens on microplastic may have. Here we synthesise current knowledge regarding these distinct microplastic-associated bacterial communities and microplastic uptake pathways into bivalves, and discuss whether they represent a human and animal health threat, highlighting the outstanding questions critical to our understanding of this potential risk to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Bowley
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Adam Porter
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rachel Hartnell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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76
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Feng L, He L, Jiang S, Chen J, Zhou C, Qian ZJ, Hong P, Sun S, Li C. Investigating the composition and distribution of microplastics surface biofilms in coral areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126565. [PMID: 32220722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, global climate change and pollution of the marine environment have caused large-scale coral deaths and severe damages to coral reef ecosystems. Numerous studies have shown that coral diseases are closely related to microorganisms. And microplastics (MPs) are a potential threat to corals. In marine ecosystems, MPs are an emerging contaminant. MPs have a strong adsorption effect on pollutants in the water environment, and they are very easily colonized by microorganisms to form biofilms. Biofilms may accumulate many pathogens, increasing the probability of coral disease. However, there is no report about the composition of biofilms on the surface of microplastics in coral growth areas. In this study, nine kinds of MPs were chosen in the experiments, which are commonly found in the ocean. Four stakeout points were selected in the coral area. Biofilms were cultivated in natural environment. The composition and distribution of biofilms on the surface of the MPs were analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The characteristics of biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the species composition and abundance distribution of the biofilm on the MP surface are significantly different from the surrounding seawater. The type of MPs and the stake out point are important factors affecting the structure of the biofilm bacterial community. Compared to seawater samples, MPs are enriched with certain dominant bacteria such as Vibrionaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteraceae, Microtrichaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Among them, Vibrionaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteraceae are closely related to the tissue damage of stony corals, and Vibrios are also the main pathogens of coral albinism. In addition, Pseudomonas and Bbellvibrio cholerae are also detected on the MPs biofilm. SEM graphs of the MPs after culture could clearly observe rod-shaped bacteria and Streptococci. This study can provide a new direction for the study of coral toxicology by MPs and provide basic data for the toxicology research of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shiqi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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77
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Sun X, Chen B, Xia B, Li Q, Zhu L, Zhao X, Gao Y, Qu K. Impact of mariculture-derived microplastics on bacterial biofilm formation and their potential threat to mariculture: A case in situ study on the Sungo Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114336. [PMID: 32443196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the marine environment has attracted considerable global attention. However, the colonization of microorganisms on mariculture-derived MPs and their effects on mariculture remain poorly understood. In this study, the MPs (fishing nets, foams and floats) and a natural substrate, within size ranges (1-4 mm), were then incubated for 21 days in Sungo Bay (China), and the composition and diversity of bacterial communities attached on all substrates were investigated. Results showed that bacterial communities on MPs mainly originated from their surrounding seawater and sediment, with an average contribution on total MPs adherent population of 47.91% and 37.33%, respectively. Principle coordinate analysis showed that community similarity between MPs and surrounding seawater decreased with exposure time. In addition, lower average bacterial community diversity and higher relative abundances of bacteria from the genera Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas on MPs than those in their surrounding seawater and sediments indicated that MPs might enrich potential pathogens and bacteria related with carbohydrate metabolism. They are responsible for the significant differences in KEGG Orthology pathways (infectious disease and carbohydrate metabolism) between MPs and seawater. The KO pathway (Infectious Diseases) associated with MPs was also significantly higher than those with feathers in the nearshore area. MPs might be vectors for enrichment of potentially pathogenic Vibrio, and enhance the ecological risk of MPs to mariculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qiufen Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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78
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Saygin H, Baysal A. Similarities and Discrepancies Between Bio-Based and Conventional Submicron-Sized Plastics: In Relation to Clinically Important Bacteria. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:26-35. [PMID: 32556685 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have reported the harmful effects of plastic debris both on the environment and on human health. Therefore, the attempt has increased for the replacement of conventional plastics with bioplastics. On the other hand, not only the studies on the effects of bioplastics and conventional plastics in the field of micro-, submicron- and nano-sized are still very limited, but also knowledge of their relationship with clinically important bacteria. In this study, the effect of two end products made from bioplastics and their equivalent end products from conventional plastics were evaluated using clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. To evaluate the effect of the submicron-sized bioplastics and conventional plastics on the bacteria, their viability and activation and/or inhibition mechanism were performed towards the main biochemical (protein, carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant) and physicochemical (particle size, zeta potential, chemical composition, and surface chemistry) phenomenon. This work highlights the similarities and discrepancies between bio-based and conventional submicron-sized plastics in relation to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T.C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Baysal
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T.C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey.
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79
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Yang Y, Liu W, Zhang Z, Grossart HP, Gadd GM. Microplastics provide new microbial niches in aquatic environments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6501-6511. [PMID: 32500269 PMCID: PMC7347703 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics in the biosphere are currently of great environmental concern because of their potential toxicity for aquatic biota and human health and association with pathogenic microbiota. Microplastics can occur in high abundance in all aquatic environments, including oceans, rivers and lakes. Recent findings have highlighted the role of microplastics as important vectors for microorganisms, which can form fully developed biofilms on this artificial substrate. Microplastics therefore provide new microbial niches in the aquatic environment, and the developing biofilms may significantly differ in microbial composition compared to natural free-living or particle-associated microbial populations in the surrounding water. In this article, we discuss the composition and ecological function of the microbial communities found in microplastic biofilms. The potential factors that influence the richness and diversity of such microbial microplastic communities are also evaluated. Microbe-microbe and microbe-substrate interactions in microplastic biofilms have been little studied and are not well understood. Multiomics tools together with morphological, physiological and biochemical analyses should be combined to provide a more comprehensive overview on the ecological role of microplastic biofilms. These new microbial niches have so far unknown consequences for microbial ecology and environmental processes in aquatic ecosystems. More knowledge is required on the microbial community composition of microplastic biofilms and their ecological functions in order to better evaluate consequences for the environment and animal health, including humans, especially since the worldwide abundance of microplastics is predicted to dramatically increase.Key Points • Bacteria are mainly studied in community analyses: fungi are neglected. • Microbial colonization of microplastics depends on substrate, location and time. • Community ecology is a promising approach to investigate microbial colonization. • Biodegradable plastics, and ecological roles of microplastic biofilms, need analysis. |
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, Scotland, ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Science and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
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80
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Lozano YM, Rillig MC. Effects of Microplastic Fibers and Drought on Plant Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6166-6173. [PMID: 32289223 PMCID: PMC7241422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in soils can affect plant performance, as shown in studies using individual plants. However, we currently have no information about potential effects on plant community productivity and structure. In a plant community consisting of seven plant species that co-occur in temperate grassland ecosystems, we thus investigated the effect of microplastics (i.e., microfibers) and drought, a factor with which microfibers might interact, on plant productivity and community structure. Our results showed that at the community level, shoot and root mass decreased with drought but increased with microfibers, an effect likely linked to reduced soil bulk density, improved aeration, and better penetration of roots in the soil. Additionally, we observed that microfibers affected plant community structure. Species such as Calamagrostis, invasive in Europe, and the allelophatic Hieracium, became more dominant with microfibers, while species that potentially have the ability to facilitate the establishment of other plant species (e.g., Holcus), decreased in biomass. As microfibers affect plant species dominance, the examination of cascade effects on ecosystem functions should be a high priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi M. Lozano
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology,
Plant Ecology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg
Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology,
Plant Ecology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg
Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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81
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Birch QT, Potter PM, Pinto PX, Dionysiou DD, Al-Abed SR. Sources, transport, measurement and impact of nano and microplastics in urban watersheds. RE/VIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2020; 19:275-336. [PMID: 32982619 PMCID: PMC7511030 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-020-09529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing and pervasive presence of plastic pollution has attracted considerable interest in recent years, especially small (< 5 mm) plastic particles known as 'microplastics' (MPs). Their widespread presence may pose a threat to marine organisms globally. Most of the nano and microplastic (N&MP) pollution in marine environments is assumed to originate from land-based sources, but their sources, transport routes, and transformations are uncertain. Information on freshwater and terrestrial systems is lacking, and data on nanoplastic pollution are particularly sparse. The shortage of systematic studies of freshwater and terrestrial systems is a critical research gap because estimates of plastic release into these systems are much higher than those for oceans. As most plastic pollution originates in urban environments, studies of urban watersheds, particularly those with high population densities and industrial activities, are especially relevant with respect to source apportionment. Released plastic debris is transported in water, soil, and air. It can be exchanged between environmental compartments, adsorb toxic compounds, and ultimately be carried long distances, with potential to cause both physical and chemical harm to a multitude of species. Measurement challenges and a lack of standardized methods has slowed progress in determining the environmental prevalence and impacts of N&MPs. An overall aim of this review is to report the sources and abundances of N&MPs in urban watersheds. We focus on urban watersheds, and summarize monitoring methods and their limitations, knowing that identifying N&MPs and their urban/industrial sources is necessary to reduce their presence in all environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Birch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
| | - Phillip M. Potter
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | | | - Dionysios D. Dionysiou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
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82
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Amaral-Zettler LA, Zettler ER, Mincer TJ. Ecology of the plastisphere. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:139-151. [PMID: 31937947 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The plastisphere, which comprises the microbial community on plastic debris, rivals that of the built environment in spanning multiple biomes on Earth. Although human-derived debris has been entering the ocean for thousands of years, microplastics now numerically dominate marine debris and are primarily colonized by microbial and other microscopic life. The realization that this novel substrate in the marine environment can facilitate microbial dispersal and affect all aquatic ecosystems has intensified interest in the microbial ecology and evolution of this biotope. Whether a 'core' plastisphere community exists that is specific to plastic is currently a topic of intense investigation. This Review provides an overview of the microbial ecology of the plastisphere in the context of its diversity and function, as well as suggesting areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amaral-Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands. .,The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik R Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Tracy J Mincer
- Wilkes Honors College and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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83
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Oberbeckmann S, Labrenz M. Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity, Adaptation, and Role in Degradation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:209-232. [PMID: 31226027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have known for more than 45 years that microplastics in the ocean are carriers of microbially dominated assemblages. However, only recently has the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems been investigated in detail. Research in this field has focused on three main areas: (a) the establishment of plastic-specific biofilms (the so-called plastisphere); (b) enrichment of pathogenic bacteria, particularly members of the genus Vibrio, coupled to a vector function of microplastics; and (c) the microbial degradation of microplastics in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the relationships between marine microorganisms and microplastics remain unclear. In this review, we deduce from the current literature, new comparative analyses, and considerations of microbial adaptation concerning plastic degradation that interactions between microorganisms and microplastic particles should have rather limited effects on the ocean ecosystems. The majority of microorganisms growing on microplastics seem to belong to opportunistic colonists that do not distinguish between natural and artificial surfaces. Thus, microplastics do not pose a higher risk than natural particles to higher life forms by potentially harboring pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, microplastics in the ocean represent recalcitrant substances for microorganisms that are insufficient to support prokaryotic metabolism and will probably not be microbially degraded in any period of time relevant to human society. Because we cannot remove microplastics from the ocean, proactive action regarding research on plastic alternatives and strategies to prevent plastic entering the environment should be taken promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Oberbeckmann
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), D-18119 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Matthias Labrenz
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), D-18119 Rostock, Germany;
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84
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Baptista Neto JA, de Carvalho DG, Medeiros K, Drabinski TL, de Melo GV, Silva RCO, Silva DCP, de Sousa Batista L, Dias GTM, da Fonseca EM, Dos Santos Filho JR. The impact of sediment dumping sites on the concentrations of microplastic in the inner continental shelf of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110558. [PMID: 31542605 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is constantly being impacted by anthropogenic activities. Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) representing one of the most deleterious material among of all substances and material from anthropogenic origin. The Microplastics (MPs) are particles smaller than 5 mm. This study presents information on abundance, distribution, type and colour of microplastics in the bottom sediments of the continental Shelf of Rio de Janeiro State. This area is strongly impacted due to its location in front of one of the most polluted coastal bays in the Brazilian Coastline. It receives untreated sewage from an Ipanema Beach submarine emissary and also a great amount of sediments dredged from Rio de Janeiro Harbour, which strongly influences the distribution of MPs in the area. The analyses detected the presence of MP in 100% of the samples, composed mainly by secondary microplastics, and almost 50% were fibers, followed by plastic films, plastic fragments and pellets. Based on the nature of the sources of the MP, a great variety of colours was shown, dominated by four main colours: blue, white, transparent, and black, this pattern could potentially increase their bioavailability due to resemblance to prey items, especially to visual raptorial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Diego Gomes de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kidian Medeiros
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Drabinski
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vaz de Melo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cuellar O Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Ceddia Porto Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Sousa Batista
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Tavares Macedo Dias
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Regis Dos Santos Filho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica, Av. Gen. Milton Tavares de Souza s/no, Gragoatá - Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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85
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yu K, Li R. The spatial distribution of microplastic in the sands of a coral reef island in the South China Sea: Comparisons of the fringing reef and atoll. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:780-786. [PMID: 31255816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution of coral reef ecosystems has received increasing attention since the discovery that several typical coral types have the ability to ingest (micro-) plastics. However, data on the distribution of microplastics in coral reef ecosystems are still very limited. The study reported here selected sands/sediments from coral reef islands located in the South China Sea as a representative study site. The abundance of microplastics was found to reach 90 ± 5 items/kg and 530 ± 7 items/kg at the Weizhou Island and Sanya Lu Hui Tou (LHT) sites (fringing reef), respectively. Each of these qualities are lower than the quantity of microplastics collected from the Xisha Islands (atoll) (60 ± 3 to 610 ± 11 items/kg), which experiences less human activity and pollution. Moreover, further investigation demonstrated that the differences in the microplastics in the sands of these atolls and fringing reefs were determined not only by their sources, but were also dependent on their water exchange rates. The primary type and color of the microplastics found in these four sampling zones was red polypropylene and there was a greater proportion of smaller size particles (<1 mm) in the remote atolls of the Nansha and Xisha islands than in the other fringing reef sites. Additionally, there were no obvious differences found in the abundance of microplastics and the compositions/structures of coral sand in the Weizhou Island and Sanya LHT sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuaipeng Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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86
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Almeida M, Martins MA, Soares AMV, Cuesta A, Oliveira M. Polystyrene nanoplastics alter the cytotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals on marine fish cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 69:57-65. [PMID: 30953935 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern on the consequences of the presence of micro(nano)plastics to marine organisms. The present study aimed to provide information on the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) to fish cells alone and combined with human pharmaceuticals, other emerging contaminants, using as biological models marine fish cell lines SAF-1 and DLB-1. Cells were exposed for 24 h to 100 nm PSNPs, starting at 0.001 up to 10 mg/L, to assess effects on viability and activity of catalase (antioxidant defense) and glutathione S-transferases (phase II biotransformation and antioxidant defense). The viability of cells was also evaluated after exposure to human pharmaceuticals alone and combined with PSNPs. Overall, PSNPs failed to be cytotoxic but data proved their ability to alter the toxicity of human pharmaceuticals. DLB-1 was the most sensitive cell line to PSNPs. Data support the use of marine fish cell lines in the study of the effects of micro(nano)plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Martins
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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87
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Astiaso Garcia D, Amori M, Giovanardi F, Piras G, Groppi D, Cumo F, de Santoli L. An identification and a prioritisation of geographic and temporal data gaps of Mediterranean marine databases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:531-546. [PMID: 30856565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Getting an overall view of primary data available from existing Earth Observation Systems and networks databases for the Mediterranean Sea, the main objective of this paper is to identify temporal and geographic data gaps and to elaborate a new method for providing a prioritisation of missing data useful for end-users that have to pinpoint strategies and models to fill these gaps. Existing data sources have been identified from the analysis of the main projects and information systems available. A new method to perform the data gap analysis has been developed and applied to the whole Mediterranean basin as case study area, identifying and prioritise geographical and temporal data gaps considering and integrating the biological, geological, chemical and physical branches of the total environment. The obtained results highlighted both the main geographical data gaps subdividing the whole Mediterranean Sea into 23 sub-basins and the temporal data gaps considering data gathered since 1990. Particular attention has been directed to the suitability of data in terms of completeness, accessibility and aggregation, since data and information are often aggregated and could not be used for research needs. The elaborated inventory of existing data source includes a database of 477 data rows originated from 122 data platforms analysed, able to specify for each dataset the related data typologies and its accessibility. The obtained results indicate that 76% of the data comes from ongoing platforms, while the remaining 25% are related to platforms with non-operational monitoring systems. Since the large amount of analysed records includes data gathered in inhomogeneous ways, the prioritisation values obtained for each identified data gap simplify the data comparison and analysis. Lastly, the data gaps inventory contains geographic and temporal information for any missing parameter at the whole basin scale, as well as the spatial resolution of each available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Astiaso Garcia
- Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Piras
- Interdepartmental Centre for Landscape, Building, Conservation, Environment (CITERA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Gramsci, 53, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Groppi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Landscape, Building, Conservation, Environment (CITERA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Gramsci, 53, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cumo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Landscape, Building, Conservation, Environment (CITERA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Gramsci, 53, 00197 Rome, Italy.
| | - Livio de Santoli
- Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
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88
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Shen M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zeng G, Wen X, Yi H, Ye S, Ren X, Song B. Micro(nano)plastics: Unignorable vectors for organisms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:328-331. [PMID: 30686434 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics, as emerging contaminants, have attracted worldwide attention. Nowadays, the environmental distribution, sources, and analysis methods and technologies of micro(nano)plastics have been well studied and recognized. Nevertheless, the role of micro(nano)plastic particles as vectors for attaching organisms is not fully understood. In this paper, the role of micro(nano)plastics as vectors, and their potential effects on the ecology are introduced. Micro(nano)plastics could 1) accelerate the diffusion of organisms in the environment, which may result in biological invasion; 2) increase the gene exchange between attached biofilm communities, causing the transfer of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance genes; 3) enhance the rate of energy, material and information flow in the environment. Accordingly, the role of microplastics as vectors for organisms should be further evaluated in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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