51
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Sripada SA, Chu W, Williams TI, Teten MA, Mosley BJ, Carbonell RG, Lenhoff AM, Cramer SM, Bill J, Yigzaw Y, Roush D, Menegatti S. Towards continuous mAb purification: clearance of host cell proteins from CHO cell culture harvests via "flow-through affinity chromatography" using peptide-based adsorbents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1873-1889. [PMID: 35377460 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth of advanced analytics in manufacturing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has highlighted the challenges associated with the clearance of host cell proteins (HCPs). Of special concern is the removal of "persistent" HCPs, including immunogenic and mAb-degrading proteins, that co-elute from the Protein A resin and can escape the polishing steps. Responding to this challenge, we introduced an ensemble of peptide ligands that target the HCPs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture fluids and enable mAb purification via flow-through affinity chromatography. This work describes their integration into LigaGuardTM, an affinity adsorbent featuring an equilibrium binding capacity of ~30 mg of HCPs per mL of resin as well as dynamic capacities up to 16 and 22 mg/mL at 1- and 2-minute residence times, respectively. When evaluated against cell culture harvests with different mAb and HCP titers and properties, LigaGuardTM afforded high HCP clearance, with logarithmic removal values (LRVs) up to 1.5, and mAb yield above 90%. Proteomic analysis of the effluents confirmed the removal of high-risk HCPs, including cathepsins, histones, glutathione-S transferase, and lipoprotein lipases. Finally, combining LigaGuardTM for HCP removal with affinity adsorbents for product capture afforded a global mAb yield of 85%, and HCP and DNA LRVs > 4. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Taufika Islam Williams
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew A Teten
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Brian J Mosley
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ruben G Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street Colburn Laboratory Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- The Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jerome Bill
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yinges Yigzaw
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David Roush
- Merck & Co., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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52
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Fu J, Lv Y, Jia Q, Wang C, Wang S, Liang P, Han S, He L. Purification and Determination of Antibody Drugs in Bio-Samples by EGFR/Cell Membrane Chromatography Method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 217:114808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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53
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Dual-recognition membrane Adsorbers combining hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography with surface imprinting via multicomponent reaction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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54
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Castillo GF, Kyriakidou M, Adali Z, Xiong K, Hailes RLN, Dahlin A. Electrically Switchable Polymer Brushes for Protein Capture and Release in Biological Environments**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Ferrand‐Drake Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Maria Kyriakidou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Zeynep Adali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Rebekah L. N. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
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55
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Szkodny AC, Lee KH. Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:141-165. [PMID: 35300518 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review describes key milestones related to the production of biopharmaceuticals-therapies manufactured using recombinant DNA technology. The market for biopharmaceuticals has grown significantly since the first biopharmaceutical approval in 1982, and the scientific maturity of the technologies used in their manufacturing processes has grown concomitantly. Early processes relied on established unit operations, with research focused on process scale-up and improved culture productivity. In the early 2000s, changes in regulatory frameworks and the introduction of Quality by Design emphasized the importance of developing manufacturing processes to deliver a desired product quality profile. As a result, companies adopted platform processes and focused on understanding the dynamic interplay between product quality and processing conditions. The consistent and reproducible manufacturing processes of today's biopharmaceutical industry have set high standards for product efficacy, quality, and safety, and as the industry continues to evolve in the coming decade, intensified processing capabilities for an expanded range of therapeutic modalities will likely become routine. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana C Szkodny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; ;
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; ;
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56
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Abstract
Proteins play a key role in living organisms. The study of proteins and their dynamics provides information about their functionality, catalysis and potential alterations towards pathological diseases. Several techniques are used for studying protein dynamics, e.g., magnetic resonance, fluorescence imaging techniques, mid-infrared spectroscopy and biochemical assays. Spectroscopic analysis, based on the use of terahertz (THz) radiation with frequencies between 0.1 and 15 THz (3–500 cm−1), was underestimated by the biochemical community. In recent years, however, the potential of THz spectroscopy in the analysis of both simple structures, such as polypeptide molecules, and complex structures, such as protein complexes, has been demonstrated. The THz absorption spectrum provides some information on proteins: for small molecules the THz spectrum is dominated by individual modes related to the presence of hydrogen bonds. For peptides, the spectral information concerns their secondary structure, while for complex proteins such as globular proteins and viral glycoproteins, spectra also provide information on collective modes. In this short review, we discuss the results obtained by THz spectroscopy in the protein dynamics investigations. In particular, we will illustrate advantages and applications of THz spectroscopy, pointing out the complementary information it may provide.
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57
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Tanudjaja HJ, Ng AQQ, Chew JW. Mechanistic insights into the membrane fouling mechanism during ultrafiltration of high-concentration proteins via in-situ electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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58
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Chen Q. Development of plant-made monoclonal antibodies against viral infections. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 52:148-160. [PMID: 34933212 PMCID: PMC8844144 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Current plant-based systems offer multiple advantages for monoclonal antibody (mAb) development and production beyond the traditional benefits of low cost and high scalability. Novel expression vectors have allowed the production of mAbs at high levels with unprecedented speed to combat current and future pandemics. Host glycoengineering has enabled plants to produce mAbs that have unique mammalian glycoforms with a high degree of homogeneity. These mAb glycovariants exhibit differential binding to various Fc receptors, providing a new way to optimize antibody effector function for improving mAb potency or safety. This review will summarize the status of anti-viral mAb development with plant-based systems. The preclinical and clinical development of leading plant-made mAb candidates will be highlighted. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential applications of this technology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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59
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Veselov VV, Nosyrev AE, Jicsinszky L, Alyautdin RN, Cravotto G. Targeted Delivery Methods for Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:622. [PMID: 35158888 PMCID: PMC8833699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several drug-delivery systems have been reported on and often successfully applied in cancer therapy. Cell-targeted delivery can reduce the overall toxicity of cytotoxic drugs and increase their effectiveness and selectivity. Besides traditional liposomal and micellar formulations, various nanocarrier systems have recently become the focus of developmental interest. This review discusses the preparation and targeting techniques as well as the properties of several liposome-, micelle-, solid-lipid nanoparticle-, dendrimer-, gold-, and magnetic-nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Approaches for targeted drug delivery and systems for drug release under a range of stimuli are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.E.N.)
| | - Alexander E. Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.E.N.)
| | - László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Renad N. Alyautdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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60
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Abstract
Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations have been used for several decades for treatment of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and for treatment of some infections and intoxications. This has demonstrated the importance of Igs, also called antibodies (Abs) for prevention and elimination of infections. Moreover, elucidation of the structure and functions of Abs has suggested that they might be useful for targeted treatment of several diseases, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. The development of technologies for production of specific monoclonal Abs (MAbs) in large amounts has led to the production of highly effective therapeutic antibodies (TAbs), a collective term for MAbs (MAbs) with demonstrated clinical efficacy in one or more diseases. The number of approved TAbs is currently around hundred, and an even larger number is under development, including several engineered and modified Ab formats. The use of TAbs has provided new treatment options for many severe diseases, but prediction of clinical effect is difficult, and many patients eventually lose effect, possibly due to development of Abs to the TAbs or to other reasons. The therapeutic efficacy of TAbs can be ascribed to one or more effects, including binding and neutralization of targets, direct cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or others. The therapeutic options for TAbs have been expanded by development of several new formats of TAbs, including bispecific Abs, single domain Abs, TAb-drug conjugates, and the use of TAbs for targeted activation of immune cells. Most promisingly, current research and development can be expected to increase the number of clinical conditions, which may benefit from TAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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61
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Stein D, Thom V, Hubbuch J. Streamlined process development procedure incorporating the selection of various stationary phase types established in a mAb aggregate reduction study with different mixed mode ligands. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 38:e3230. [PMID: 34967498 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In biopharmaceutical process development time, cost and reliability are the relevant keywords. During the development of chromatographic processes these targets are challenged by many possible scaffolds, ligands and process parameters. The common response to this diversity is the establishment of platform processes in the development of chromatographic unit operations. However, while developing a platform library to simplify and accelerate chromatographic processes, the potential combination of scaffold, ligands and process parameters need to be characterized. This challenge is addressed in a case study on novel mixed mode (MM) adsorber for the removal of monoclonal antibody (mAb) aggregates. We propose a rigorous strategy to reduce the various experimental design space resulting from possible combinations in scaffolds, backbones and ligands. This strategy is based on theoretical considerations, identification of adsorber selectivity and capacity for the identification of a suitable membrane system. For this system, each potential MM membrane adsorber (MA) candidate is investigated in its high molecular weight species (HMWS) reduction potential for a given mAb feed stream and referenced to the performance of Capto™ Adhere. The introduced strategy can reduce the developmental effort in an early stage from three to two possible stationary phases. Thereafter, initial examinations at different ionic capacities enlighten one favorable stationary phase. Finalizing the development strategy procedure by studying five different MM ligands by HTS and confirming the study with a 2-3 MV higher dynamic breakthrough capacity in benchtop experiments and provides an insight in the benefits of a living process platform library. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Stein
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Str. 11, D-37079, Goettingen, Germany.,Dept. of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volkmar Thom
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Str. 11, D-37079, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Dept. of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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62
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Separation of charge variants of a monoclonal antibody by overloaded ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462607. [PMID: 34656842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for adjusting the content of charge variants of monoclonal antibody by ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The band splitting phenomenon was utilized to split the protein load into two parts, i.e., the flowthrough and bound fractions, which were either enriched or depleted with some of variants. The phenomenon was triggered by thermodynamic effects resulting from oversaturation of the resin binding sites at high column loadings as well as from kinetic effects arising from limited rates of mass transport. Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) separations were examined, with the reverse order of the variant elution: acidic, main, basic in CEX, and basic, main, acidic in AEX, and the corresponding reverse enrichment tendency in the collected fractions. The separations were performed by pH gradient, whose course was simplified to two stages: isocratic loading and washing at mild pH to load and partly elute the protein, followed by a rapid pH change towards non-binding conditions to desorb the remains of the protein load. To improve yield of the operation, possibility of recycling of waste fractions was considered. To predict the process performance, a dynamic model was developed, which accounted for both adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
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63
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Hong MS, Lu AE, Bae J, Lee JM, Braatz RD. Droplet-Based Evaporative System for the Estimation of Protein Crystallization Kinetics. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:6064-6075. [PMID: 34759784 PMCID: PMC8569678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization is a potential cost-effective alternative to chromatography for the purification of biotherapeutic proteins. Crystallization kinetics are required for the design and control of such processes, but only a limited quantity of proteins is available during the initial stage of process development. This article describes the design of a droplet-based evaporative system for the evaluation of candidate crystallization conditions and the estimation of kinetics using only a droplet (on the order of μL) of protein solution. The temperature and humidity of air fed to a flow cell containing the droplet are controlled for evaporation and rehydration of the droplet, which are used for manipulating supersaturation. Dual-angle images of the droplet are taken and analyzed on-line to obtain the droplet volume and crystal sizes. Crystallization kinetics are estimated based on a first-principles process model and experimental data. Tight control of temperature and humidity of the air, fast and accurate image analysis, and accurate estimation of crystallization kinetics are experimentally demonstrated for a model protein lysozyme. The estimated kinetics are suitable for the model-based design and control of protein crystallization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Sun Hong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amos E. Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaehan Bae
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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64
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Teixeira SPB, Reis RL, Peppas NA, Gomes ME, Domingues RMA. Epitope-imprinted polymers: Design principles of synthetic binding partners for natural biomacromolecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9884. [PMID: 34714673 PMCID: PMC8555893 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting (MI) has been explored as an increasingly viable tool for molecular recognition in various fields. However, imprinting of biologically relevant molecules like proteins is severely hampered by several problems. Inspired by natural antibodies, the use of epitopes as imprinting templates has been explored to circumvent those limitations, offering lower costs and greater versatility. Here, we review the latest innovations in this technology, as well as different applications where MI polymers (MIPs) have been used to target biomolecules of interest. We discuss the several steps in MI, from the choice of epitope and functional monomers to the different production methods and possible applications. We also critically explore how MIP performance can be assessed by various parameters. Last, we present perspectives on future breakthroughs and advances, offering insights into how MI techniques can be expanded to new fields such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simão P. B. Teixeira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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65
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Reinders LMH, Klassen MD, Teutenberg T, Jaeger M, Schmidt TC. Development of a multidimensional online method for the characterization and quantification of monoclonal antibodies using immobilized flow-through enzyme reactors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7119-7128. [PMID: 34628527 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Complete characterization and quantification of monoclonal antibodies often rely on enzymatic digestion with trypsin. In order to accelerate and automate this frequently performed sample preparation step, immobilized enzyme reactors (IMER) compatible with standard HPLC systems were used. This allows an automated online approach in all analytical laboratories. We were able to demonstrate that the required digestion time for the model monoclonal antibody rituximab could be reduced to 20 min. Nevertheless, a previous denaturation of the protein is required, which also needs 20 min. Recoveries were determined at various concentrations and were 100% ± 1% at 100 ng on column, 96% ± 7% at 250 ng on column and 98% ± 2% at 450 ng on column. Despite these good recoveries, complete digestion was not achieved, resulting in a poorer limit of quantification. This is 50 ng on column under optimized IMER conditions, whereas an offline digest on the same system achieved 0.3 ng on column. Furthermore, our work revealed that TRIS buffers, when used with an IMER system, led to alteration of the peptides and induced modifications in the peptides. Therefore, the addition of TRIS should be avoided when working at elevated temperatures of about 60 °C. Nevertheless, our results have shown that the recovery is not significantly influenced whether TRIS is used or not (recovery: 96 ± 7% with TRIS vs. 100 ± 9% without TRIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M H Reinders
- Institut für Energie und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany.,Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Science, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin D Klassen
- Institut für Energie und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut für Energie und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Science, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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66
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Sánchez-Trasviña C, Flores-Gatica M, Enriquez-Ochoa D, Rito-Palomares M, Mayolo-Deloisa K. Purification of Modified Therapeutic Proteins Available on the Market: An Analysis of Chromatography-Based Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:717326. [PMID: 34490225 PMCID: PMC8417561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, which have inherent biorecognition properties, have long been used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of clinical indications. Protein modification through covalent attachment to different moieties improves the therapeutic's pharmacokinetic properties, affinity, stability, confers protection against proteolytic degradation, and increases circulation half-life. Nowadays, several modified therapeutic proteins, including PEGylated, Fc-fused, lipidated, albumin-fused, and glycosylated proteins have obtained regulatory approval for commercialization. During its manufacturing, the purification steps of the therapeutic agent are decisive to ensure the quality, effectiveness, potency, and safety of the final product. Due to the robustness, selectivity, and high resolution of chromatographic methods, these are recognized as the gold standard in the downstream processing of therapeutic proteins. Moreover, depending on the modification strategy, the protein will suffer different physicochemical changes, which must be considered to define a purification approach. This review aims to deeply analyze the purification methods employed for modified therapeutic proteins that are currently available on the market, to understand why the selected strategies were successful. Emphasis is placed on chromatographic methods since they govern the purification processes within the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, to discuss how the modification type strongly influences the purification strategy, the purification processes of three different modified versions of coagulation factor IX are contrasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calef Sánchez-Trasviña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Miguel Flores-Gatica
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniela Enriquez-Ochoa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
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67
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Yang X, Wei F, Tang Y, Diao Y. Development of immunochromatographic strip assay for rapid detection of novel goose astrovirus. J Virol Methods 2021; 297:114263. [PMID: 34391804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is an emerging pathogenic virus that has resulted in large economic losses to the goose-rearing industry in China since 2016. The novel goose astrovirus cause gout in goslings with a mortality rate of around 50 %. Therefore, an effective diagnostic approach to monitor the spread of GoAstV is necessary. Here, a novel diagnostic immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay was developed to detect GoAstV. A rapid immunochromatographic assay based on antibody colloidal gold nanoparticles specific to GoAstV was developed for the detection of GoAstV in goose allantoic fluid and supernatant of tissue homogenate. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were prepared using the hybridoma technology, and the polyclonal antibodies (Pabs) were generated by immunizing the rabbits with recombinant ORF2 protein. In addition, the colloidal gold was prepared by reducing gold salt with sodium citrate coupled with Mabs against GoAstV. The optimal concentrations of the coating antibody and the capture antibody were examined as 1.6 mg/mL and 6 μg/mL. The optimal pH of the colloidal gold labeling was pH 8.0. With the visual observation, the lower limit of the ICS was reported to be approximately 1.2 μg/mL. Common diseases of goose were examined to assess the specificity of the ICS, and no cross-reaction was identified. 40 clinical positive samples were simultaneously detected by using the ICS and the PCR with a 92.5% coincidence rate between them. Furthermore, the mentioned samples could be stored at 25 °C and 4 °C for 4 and 6 months, respectively. It was proved that the ICS in this study was highly specific, sensitive, repeatable and more convenient to rapidly detect GoAstV in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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68
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Wu Q, Siddharth S, Sharma D. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Mountain Yet to Be Scaled Despite the Triumphs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3697. [PMID: 34359598 PMCID: PMC8345029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression and tumor recurrence pertaining to TNBC are certainly the leading cause of breast cancer-related mortality; however, the mechanisms underlying TNBC chemoresistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse remain somewhat ambiguous. TNBCs show 77% of the overall 4-year survival rate compared to other breast cancer subtypes (82.7 to 92.5%). TNBC is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with chemotherapy being the major approved treatment strategy. Activation of ABC transporters and DNA damage response genes alongside an enrichment of cancer stem cells and metabolic reprogramming upon chemotherapy contribute to the selection of chemoresistant cells, majorly responsible for the failure of anti-chemotherapeutic regime. These selected chemoresistant cells further lead to distant metastasis and tumor relapse. The present review discusses the approved standard of care and targetable molecular mechanisms in chemoresistance and provides a comprehensive update regarding the recent advances in TNBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
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69
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Microcarrier-Supported Culture of Chondrocytes in Continuously Rocked Disposable Bioreactor. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2436:145-156. [PMID: 34155605 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Disposable wave-assisted bioreactors are devices originally designed for scaling-up cultures of extremely fragile animal cells. In such bioreactors, agitation is achieved by continuous horizontal oscillations of disposable culture bag-like container fixed in a rocker unit. The continuous rocking movement of the container induces waves in the two-phase (i.e., gas-liquid) culture system composed of CO2-enriched air and aqueous culture medium. Such continuously oscillating devices can be utilized for supporting homogeneity in systems for in vitro propagation of animal anchorage-dependent, that is, adherent, cells, like CP5 chondrocytes cells. As most of in vitro cultured cells exhibit anchorage-dependency toward solid surface, the suitable interface can be provided by beads of microcarriers made of polymers and characterized by large surface-to-volume ratio. This chapter describes a methodology for efficient propagation of CP5 chondrocytes on Cytodex 3 microcarriers performed in ReadyToProcess WAVE 25 disposable bioreactor, as well as all useful procedures for daily monitoring the growth of CP5 chondrocytes.
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70
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Lanzaro A, Roche A, Sibanda N, Corbett D, Davis P, Shah M, Pathak JA, Uddin S, van der Walle CF, Yuan XF, Pluen A, Curtis R. Cluster Percolation Causes Shear Thinning Behavior in Concentrated Solutions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2669-2682. [PMID: 34121411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-concentration (>100 g/L) solutions of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are typically characterized by anomalously large solution viscosity and shear thinning behavior for strain rates ≥103 s-1. Here, the link between protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the rheology of concentrated solutions of COE-03 and COE-19 mAbs is studied by means of static and dynamic light scattering and microfluidic rheometry. By comparing the experimental data with predictions based on the Baxter sticky hard-sphere model, we surprisingly find a connection between the observed shear thinning and the predicted percolation threshold. The longest shear relaxation time of mAbs was much larger than that of model sticky hard spheres within the same region of the phase diagram, which is attributed to the anisotropy of the mAb PPIs. Our results suggest that not only the strength but also the patchiness of short-range attractive PPIs should be explicitly accounted for by theoretical approaches aimed at predicting the shear rate-dependent viscosity of dense mAb solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Lanzaro
- Institute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aisling Roche
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Sibanda
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Corbett
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Davis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield UK, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jai A Pathak
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher F van der Walle
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Feng Yuan
- Institute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Alain Pluen
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Curtis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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71
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Jones M, Palackal N, Wang F, Gaza-Bulseco G, Hurkmans K, Zhao Y, Chitikila C, Clavier S, Liu S, Menesale E, Schonenbach NS, Sharma S, Valax P, Waerner T, Zhang L, Connolly T. "High-risk" host cell proteins (HCPs): A multi-company collaborative view. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2870-2885. [PMID: 33930190 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities that may copurify with biopharmaceutical drug products. Within this class of impurities there are some that are more problematic. These problematic HCPs can be considered high-risk and can include those that are immunogenic, biologically active, or enzymatically active with the potential to degrade either product molecules or excipients used in formulation. Some have been shown to be difficult to remove by purification. Why should the biopharmaceutical industry worry about these high-risk HCPs? What approach could be taken to understand the origin of its copurification and address these high-risk HCPs? To answer these questions, the BioPhorum Development Group HCP Workstream initiated a collaboration among its 26-company team with the goal of industry alignment around high-risk HCPs. The information gathered through literature searches, company experiences, and surveys were used to compile a list of frequently seen problematic/high-risk HCPs. These high-risk HCPs were further classified based on their potential impact into different risk categories. A step-by-step recommendation is provided for establishing a comprehensive control strategy based on risk assessments for monitoring and/or eliminating the known impurity from the process that would be beneficial to the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, CMC Analytical, Structure & Function Characterization, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nisha Palackal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Protein Biochemistry, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Fengqiang Wang
- Merck & Co. Inc., Analytical Research & Development, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Karen Hurkmans
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Protein Analytics, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmelata Chitikila
- Janssen R&D LLC, BioTherapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Bioassay Methods Development, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Severine Clavier
- Sanofi R&D, BioAnalytics, Biologics Development, Vitry-sur-seine, France
| | - Suli Liu
- Biogen, Analytical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Menesale
- Biogen, Analytical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole S Schonenbach
- Pfizer, Downstream Process Development, Bioprocess R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Satish Sharma
- Bristol Meyers Squibb, Analytical Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Valax
- Merck KGaA, Global Healthcare Operations, Development and Launch, Biotech Process Sciences, Merck BioDevelopment, Martillac, France
| | - Thomas Waerner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, GmbH & Co. KG, Analytical Development, Biologicals, Biberach, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Bristol Meyers Squibb, Analytical Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Trish Connolly
- Development Group Phorum, BioPhorum, The Gridiron building, One Pancras Square, London, UK
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72
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Abstract
In the past 30 years, highly specific drugs, known as antibodies, have conquered the biopharmaceutical market. In addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody fragments are successfully applied. However, recombinant production faces challenges. Process analytical tools for monitoring and controlling production processes are scarce and time-intensive. In the downstream process (DSP), affinity ligands are established as the primary and most important step, while the application of other methods is challenging. The use of these affinity ligands as monitoring tools would enable a platform technology to monitor process steps in the USP and DSP. In this review, we highlight the current applications of affinity ligands (proteins A, G, and L) and discuss further applications as process analytical tools.
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73
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Brechmann NA, Schwarz H, Eriksson PO, Eriksson K, Shokri A, Chotteau V. Antibody capture process based on magnetic beads from very high cell density suspension. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3499-3510. [PMID: 33811659 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell clarification represents a major challenge for the intensification through very high cell density in the production of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The present report proposes a solution to this challenge in a streamlined process where cell clarification and mAb capture are performed in a single step using magnetic beads coupled with protein A. Capture of mAb from non-clarified CHO cell suspension showed promising results; however, it has not been demonstrated that it can handle the challenge of very high cell density as observed in intensified fed-batch cultures. The performances of magnetic bead-based mAb capture on non-clarified cell suspension from intensified fed-batch culture were studied. Capture from a culture at density larger than 100 × 106 cells/ml provided an adsorption efficiency of 99% and an overall yield of 93% with a logarithmic host cell protein (HCP) clearance of ≈2-3 and a resulting HCP concentration ≤≈5 ppm. These results show that direct capture from very high cell density cell suspension is possible without prior processing. This technology, which brings significant benefits in terms of operational cost reduction and performance improvements such as low HCP, can be a powerful tool alleviating the challenge of process intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils A Brechmann
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hubert Schwarz
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristofer Eriksson
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,R&D, MAGic Bioprocessing, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atefeh Shokri
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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74
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Bai R, Sun Y, Zhao M, Han Z, Zhang J, Sun Y, Dong W, Li S. Preparation of IgG imprinted polymers by metal-free visible-light-induced ATRP and its application in biosensor. Talanta 2021; 226:122160. [PMID: 33676705 PMCID: PMC7845519 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is related to the occurrence of many diseases, such as measles and inflammatory. In this paper, IgG imprinted polymers (IgGIPs) were fabricated on the surface of nano Au/nano Ni modified Au electrode (IgGIPs/AuNCs/NiNCs/Au) via metal-free visible-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (MVL ATRP). The IgGIPs were prepared by IgG conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-IgG) as both a template and a photocatalyst. After the templates were removed, the photocatalysts (FITC) would not remain in the polymer and avoided all the effect of catalysts on the electrode. The fabricated electrodes were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under the optimized conditions, IgGIPs/AuNCs/NiNCs/Au was prepared and used as an electrochemical biosensor. The biosensor could be successfully applied for the determination of IgG by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurement. The results showed that the proposed biosensor displayed a broader linear range and a lower detection limit for IgG determination when it was compared to those similar IgG sensors. The linear range from 1.0 × 10-6 mg L-1 to 1.0 × 101 mg L-1 was obtained with a low detection limit (LOD) of 2.0 × 10-8 mg L-1 (S/N = 3). Briefly, the biosensor in this study introduced an easy and non-toxic method for IgG determination and also provided a progressive approach for designing protein imprinted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Zhen Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Juntong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
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75
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Dalvie NC, Brady JR, Crowell LE, Tracey MK, Biedermann AM, Kaur K, Hickey JM, Kristensen DL, Bonnyman AD, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Whittaker CA, Bok M, Vega C, Mukhopadhyay TK, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Parreño V, Love KR, Love JC. Molecular engineering improves antigen quality and enables integrated manufacturing of a trivalent subunit vaccine candidate for rotavirus. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:94. [PMID: 33933073 PMCID: PMC8088319 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines comprising recombinant subunit proteins are well-suited to low-cost and high-volume production for global use. The design of manufacturing processes to produce subunit vaccines depends, however, on the inherent biophysical traits presented by an individual antigen of interest. New candidate antigens typically require developing custom processes for each one and may require unique steps to ensure sufficient yields without product-related variants. RESULTS We describe a holistic approach for the molecular design of recombinant protein antigens-considering both their manufacturability and antigenicity-informed by bioinformatic analyses such as RNA-seq, ribosome profiling, and sequence-based prediction tools. We demonstrate this approach by engineering the product sequences of a trivalent non-replicating rotavirus vaccine (NRRV) candidate to improve titers and mitigate product variants caused by N-terminal truncation, hypermannosylation, and aggregation. The three engineered NRRV antigens retained their original antigenicity and immunogenicity, while their improved manufacturability enabled concomitant production and purification of all three serotypes in a single, end-to-end perfusion-based process using the biotechnical yeast Komagataella phaffii. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that molecular engineering of subunit antigens using advanced genomic methods can facilitate their manufacturing in continuous production. Such capabilities have potential to lower the cost and volumetric requirements in manufacturing vaccines based on recombinant protein subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph R Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Laura E Crowell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mary Kate Tracey
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M Biedermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - D Lee Kristensen
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra D Bonnyman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marina Bok
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas, IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham,, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Vega
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas, IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham,, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tarit K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas, IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham,, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kerry R Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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76
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Dryden WA, Larsen LM, Britt DW, Smith MT. Technical and economic considerations of cell culture harvest and clarification technologies. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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77
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Hirano A, Wada M, Kitamura M, Kasahara S, Kato K. Interactions between Amino Acids and Zirconia Modified with Ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid): Mechanistic Insights into the Selective Binding of Antibodies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1605-1612. [PMID: 33478221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia modified with ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) has an affinity for antibodies, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, little is known about the mechanism underlying antibody selectivity. In this study, we examined the interactions of EDTMP-modified zirconia with proteinogenic amino acids using chromatographic and batch methods to gain mechanistic insights into antibody selectivity at the amino acid level. We demonstrated that EDTMP-modified zirconia has an affinity for amino acids with a positively charged side chain, especially lysine. Similar trends were observed for oligopeptides. This affinity was reduced by the addition of sodium phosphate or sodium polyphosphates. Thus, the antibody selectivity of EDTMP-modified zirconia is primarily ascribable to electrostatic attractions between the EDTMP moieties of the zirconia surfaces and the constant region of antibodies that are rich in lysine residues. Consistent with this, the human IgG antibody has a higher adsorption ability onto EDTMP-modified zirconia than the rabbit IgG antibody, which has fewer lysine residues in the constant region. These findings are useful not only for improving antibody purification but also for developing new applications, including purification of proteins tagged with positively charged amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hirano
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Momoyo Wada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- NGK Spark Plug-AIST Healthcare Materials Cooperative Research Laboratory, Anagahora, Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kasahara
- NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki, Aichi 485-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kato
- NGK Spark Plug-AIST Healthcare Materials Cooperative Research Laboratory, Anagahora, Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
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78
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79
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Lavoie RA, Chu W, Lavoie JH, Hetzler Z, Williams TI, Carbonell R, Menegatti S. Removal of host cell proteins from cell culture fluids by weak partitioning chromatography using peptide-based adsorbents. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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80
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Jugniot N, Bam R, Meuillet EJ, Unger EC, Paulmurugan R. Current status of targeted microbubbles in diagnostic molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10183. [PMID: 33532585 PMCID: PMC7823123 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often associated with a poor prognosis due to silent onset, resistance to therapies, and rapid spreading. Most patients are ineligible for curable surgery as they present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Present diagnostic methods relying on anatomical changes have various limitations including difficulty to discriminate between benign and malignant conditions, invasiveness, the ambiguity of imaging results, or the inability to detect molecular biomarkers of PDAC initiation and progression. Therefore, new imaging technologies with high sensitivity and specificity are critically needed for accurately detecting PDAC and noninvasively characterizing molecular features driving its pathogenesis. Contrast enhanced targeted ultrasound (CETUS) is an upcoming molecular imaging modality that specifically addresses these issues. Unlike anatomical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI, molecular imaging using CETUS is promising for early and accurate detection of PDAC. The use of molecularly targeted microbubbles that bind to neovascular targets can enhance the ultrasound signal specifically from malignant PDAC tissues. This review discusses the current state of diagnostic imaging modalities for pancreatic cancer and places a special focus on ultrasound targeted-microbubble technology together with its clinical translatability for PDAC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jugniot
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
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81
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Li X, Heng JYY. Protein crystallisation facilitated by silica particles to compensate for the adverse impact from protein impurities. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00983d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanonucleants for protein crystallisation in the presence of impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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82
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Sharker SM, Rahman A. A Review on the Current Methods of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells Cultivation for the Production of Therapeutic Protein. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:354-364. [PMID: 32164511 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200312102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most of the clinical approved protein-based drugs or under clinical trials have a profound impact on the treatment of critical diseases. The mammalian eukaryotic cells culture approaches, particularly the CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells are mainly used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the mass-production of the therapeutic protein. Recent advances in CHO cell bioprocessing to yield recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies have enabled the expression of quality protein. The developments of cell lines are possible to enhance specific productivity. As a result, it holds an interesting area for academic as well as industrial researchers around the world. This review will focus on the recent progress of the mammalian CHO cells culture technology and the future scope of further development for the mass-production of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazid Md Sharker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot # 15, Block # B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
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83
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Malavia N, Kuche K, Ghadi R, Jain S. A bird's eye view of the advanced approaches and strategies for overshadowing triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:72-100. [PMID: 33321156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive form of breast cancer. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. The main issue with TNBC is that it exhibits poor prognosis, high risk of relapse, short progression-free survival and low overall survival in patients. This is because the conventional therapy used for managing TNBC has issues pertaining to poor bioavailability, lower cellular uptake, increased off-target effects and development of resistance. To overcome such pitfalls, several other approaches are explored. In this context, the present manuscript showcases three of the most widely used approaches which are (i) nanotechnology-based approach; (ii) gene therapy approach and (iii) Phytochemical-based approach. The ultimate focus is to present and explain the insightful reports based on these approaches. Further, the review also expounds on the identified molecular targets and novel targeting ligands which are explored for managing TNBC effectively. Thus, in a nutshell, the review tries to highlight these existing treatment approaches which might inspire for future development of novel therapies with a potential of overshadowing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Malavia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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84
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Silva Couto P, Rotondi M, Bersenev A, Hewitt C, Nienow A, Verter F, Rafiq Q. Expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) in bioreactors using microcarriers: lessons learnt and what the future holds. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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85
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Kim EH, Ning B, Kawamoto M, Miyatake H, Kobatake E, Ito Y, Akimoto J. Conjugation of biphenyl groups with poly(ethylene glycol) to enhance inhibitory effects on the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint interaction. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10162-10171. [PMID: 33095222 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been developed as anticancer agents to block immune checkpoint pathways associated with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. However, the high cost of antibodies has encouraged researchers to develop other inhibitor types. Here, biphenyl compounds were conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance the activity of small molecular inhibitors. Immunoassay results revealed the decrease in the inhibition activity following conjugation with linear PEG, suggesting that the PEG moiety reduced the interaction between the biphenyl structure and PD-L1. However, the inhibitory effect on PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was further enhanced by using branched PEG conjugates. The increase in the number of conjugated biphenyl compounds resulted in increased inhibitory activity. The highest IC50 value was 0.33 μM, which was about 5 times higher than that observed for a non-conjugated monovalent compound. The inhibitory activity was more than 20 times the activity reported for the starting compound. Considering the increase in the inhibition activity, this multivalent strategy can be useful in the design of new immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Kim
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan.
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86
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Kruse T, Kampmann M, Greller G. Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction of Monoclonal Antibodies from High Cell Density Cell Culture. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruse
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, BioProcessing August-Spindler-Straße 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Markus Kampmann
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, BioProcessing August-Spindler-Straße 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Gerhard Greller
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, BioProcessing August-Spindler-Straße 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
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87
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Kruse T, Kampmann M, Rüddel I, Greller G. An alternative downstream process based on aqueous two-phase extraction for the purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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88
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89
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Model based strategies towards protein A resin lifetime optimization and supervision. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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90
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Esser-Skala W, Segl M, Wohlschlager T, Reisinger V, Holzmann J, Huber CG. Exploring sample preparation and data evaluation strategies for enhanced identification of host cell proteins in drug products of therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6583-6593. [PMID: 32691086 PMCID: PMC7442769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals involves recombinant protein expression in host cells followed by extensive purification of the target protein. Yet, host cell proteins (HCPs) may persist in the final drug product, potentially reducing its quality with respect to safety and efficacy. Consequently, residual HCPs are closely monitored during downstream processing by techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The latter is especially attractive as it provides information with respect to protein identities. Although the applied HPLC-MS/MS methodologies are frequently optimized with respect to HCP identification, acquired data is typically analyzed using standard settings. Here, we describe an improved strategy for evaluating HPLC-MS/MS data of HCP-derived peptides, involving probabilistic protein inference and peptide detection in the absence of fragment ion spectra. This data analysis workflow was applied to data obtained for drug products of various biotherapeutics upon protein A affinity depletion. The presented data evaluation strategy enabled in-depth comparative analysis of the HCP repertoires identified in drug products of the monoclonal antibodies rituximab and bevacizumab, as well as the fusion protein etanercept. In contrast to commonly applied ELISA strategies, the here presented workflow is process-independent and may be implemented into existing HPLC-MS/MS setups for drug product characterization and process development. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marius Segl
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Reisinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Johann Holzmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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91
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Rodriguez-Quijada C, Gomez-Marquez J, Hamad-Schifferli K. Repurposing Old Antibodies for New Diseases by Exploiting Cross-Reactivity and Multicolored Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6626-6635. [PMID: 32478506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We exploit the cross-reactivity of dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) virus polyclonal antibodies for nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) to construct a selective sensor that can detect yellow fever virus (YFV) NS1 in a manner similar to chemical olfaction. DENV and ZIKV antibodies were screened for their ability to bind to DENV, ZIKV, and YFV NS1 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in pairs in paper immunoassays. A strategic arrangement of antibodies immobilized on paper and conjugated to different colored gold NPs was used to distinguish the three biomarkers. Machine learning of test area RGB values showed that with two spots, readout accuracies of 100% and 87% were obtained for both pure NS1 and DENV/YFV mixtures, respectively. Additional image preprocessing allowed differentiation between all four DENV serotypes with 92% accuracy. The technique was extended to hack a commercial DENV test to detect YFV and ZIKV by augmentation with DENV and ZIKV polyclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez-Quijada
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jose Gomez-Marquez
- Little Devices Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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92
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Wierzchowski K, Grabowska I, Pilarek M. Efficient propagation of suspended HL-60 cells in a disposable bioreactor supporting wave-induced agitation at various Reynolds number. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1973-1985. [PMID: 32519077 PMCID: PMC7511289 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth of human nonadherent HL-60 cell cultures performed in disposable bioreactor under various hydrodynamic conditions of 2-D wave-assisted agitation has been compared and discussed. Influence of Reynolds number for liquid (ReL) and the kLa coefficient, as key parameters characterized the bioprocessing of HL-60 cells in ReadyToProcess WAVETM 25 system, on reached values of the apparent maximal specific growth rate (μmax) and the specific yield of biomass (Y*X/S) has been identified. The values of ReL (i.e., 510–10,208), as well as kLa coefficient (i.e., 2.83–13.55 h−1), have been estimated for the cultures subjected to wave-induced mixing, based on simplified dimensionless correlation for various presents of WAVE 25 system. The highest values of apparent μmax = 0.038 h−1 and Y*X/S = 25.64 × 108 cells gglc−1 have been noted for cultures independently performed at wave-induced agitation characterized by ReL equaled to 5104 and 510, respectively. The presented results have high applicability potential in scale-up of bioprocesses focused on nonadherent animal cells, or in the case of any application of disposable bioreactors presenting similitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wierzchowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilarek
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland.
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93
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Preparation of Biphenyl-Conjugated Bromotyrosine for Inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103639. [PMID: 32455628 PMCID: PMC7279355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionized by the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit interactions between immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1), and its ligand PD-L1. However, mAb-based drugs have some drawbacks, including poor tumor penetration and high production costs, which could potentially be overcome by small molecule drugs. BMS-8, one of the potent small molecule drugs, induces homodimerization of PD-L1, thereby inhibiting its binding to PD-1. Our assay system revealed that BMS-8 inhibited the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with IC50 of 7.2 μM. To improve the IC50 value, we designed and synthesized a small molecule based on the molecular structure of BMS-8 by in silico simulation. As a result, we successfully prepared a biphenyl-conjugated bromotyrosine (X) with IC50 of 1.5 μM, which was about five times improved from BMS-8. We further prepared amino acid conjugates of X (amino-X), to elucidate a correlation between the docking modes of the amino-Xs and IC50 values. The results suggested that the displacement of amino-Xs from the BMS-8 in the pocket of PD-L1 homodimer correlated with IC50 values. This observation provides us a further insight how to derivatize X for better inhibitory effect.
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94
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Multiplex secretome engineering enhances recombinant protein production and purity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1908. [PMID: 32313013 PMCID: PMC7170862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities generated during biotherapeutic protein production. HCPs can be problematic if they pose a significant metabolic demand, degrade product quality, or contaminate the final product. Here, we present an effort to create a "clean" Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell by disrupting multiple genes to eliminate HCPs. Using a model of CHO cell protein secretion, we predict that the elimination of unnecessary HCPs could have a non-negligible impact on protein production. We analyze the HCP content of 6-protein, 11-protein, and 14-protein knockout clones. These cell lines exhibit a substantial reduction in total HCP content (40%-70%). We also observe higher productivity and improved growth characteristics in specific clones. The reduced HCP content facilitates purification of a monoclonal antibody. Thus, substantial improvements can be made in protein titer and purity through large-scale HCP deletion, providing an avenue to increased quality and affordability of high-value biopharmaceuticals.
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95
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Ebo JS, Saunders JC, Devine PWA, Gordon AM, Warwick AS, Schiffrin B, Chin SE, England E, Button JD, Lloyd C, Bond NJ, Ashcroft AE, Radford SE, Lowe DC, Brockwell DJ. An in vivo platform to select and evolve aggregation-resistant proteins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1816. [PMID: 32286330 PMCID: PMC7156504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein biopharmaceuticals are highly successful, but their utility is compromised by their propensity to aggregate during manufacture and storage. As aggregation can be triggered by non-native states, whose population is not necessarily related to thermodynamic stability, prediction of poorly-behaving biologics is difficult, and searching for sequences with desired properties is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Here we show that an assay in the periplasm of E. coli linking aggregation directly to antibiotic resistance acts as a sensor for the innate (un-accelerated) aggregation of antibody fragments. Using this assay as a directed evolution screen, we demonstrate the generation of aggregation resistant scFv sequences when reformatted as IgGs. This powerful tool can thus screen and evolve ‘manufacturable’ biopharmaceuticals early in industrial development. By comparing the mutational profiles of three different immunoglobulin scaffolds, we show the applicability of this method to investigate protein aggregation mechanisms important to both industrial manufacture and amyloid disease. Protein aggregation remains a significant challenge for manufacturing of protein biopharmaceuticals. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of directed evolution and an assay for in vivo innate protein aggregation-propensity to generate aggregation-resistant scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Ebo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Janet C Saunders
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Paul W A Devine
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Alice M Gordon
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amy S Warwick
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Bob Schiffrin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Lowe
- AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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96
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Abstract
Bioconjugation of biologically useful proteins is in great demand (e.g., conjugation to biotins, metal chelators, and drug carriers to target specific tissues for both in vitro and in vivo use). These conjugates provide widespread opportunities for various biological and biomedical applications. Evolving state-of-the-art protein conjugation strategies have led to the development of many affinity ligands, including for cancer imaging and diagnosis. However, to achieve the desirable protein conjugates, there are many challenges that remain to be addressed in order to obtain a reproducible procedure for all proteins and ligands. These include a control over the protein modification and the efficiency of the conjugation while retaining the original biological protein affinity postmodification. Here we present detailed conjugation methods for the human fibronectin tenth type III domain (FN3) protein scaffold for use in preclinical PET imaging. More specifically, this chapter provides detailed methods to produce a FN3 and a FN3-chelator-conjugate, its labeling with the radionuclide 64-Cu, and its use for noninvasive PET imaging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutselvan Natarajan
- Department of Radiology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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97
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Weng Z, Jin J, Shao C, Li H. Reduction of charge variants by CHO cell culture process optimization. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:259-269. [PMID: 32236800 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, global interest in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has risen rapidly. As therapeutic agents, antibodies have shown marked efficacy in combatting a range of cancers and immune diseases with high target specificity and low toxicity (Carla Lucia et al. in PLoS ONE 6:e24071, 2011; Donaghy in MAbs 8:659-671, 2016; Nasiri et al. in J Cell Physiol 9:6441-6457, 2018; Teo et al. in Cancer Immunol Immunother 61:2295-2309, 2012). Recent advances in cell culture technology, such as high-throughput clone screening, have facilitated antibody production at concentrations exceeding 10 g/L (Chen et al. in BMC Immunol 19:35, 2018; Huang et al. in Biotechnol Prog 26:1400-1410, 2010; Lu et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 110:191-205, 2013; Singh et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 113:698-716, 2016). As titers have improved, the industry has begun to focus on the adjustment of target antibody quality profiles to improve efficacy. Cell lines, culture media, and culture conditions impact protein quality (Van Beers and Bardor in Biotechnol J 7:1473-1484, 2012). Optimization of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as charge variants, can be achieved through bioprocess development and is the preferred approach as changes to the cell line or growth media used is considered unfavorable by regulatory bodies (Gawlitzek et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 103:1164-1175, 2009; Jordan et al. in Cytotechnology 65:31-40, 2013; Pan et al. in Cytotechnology 69:39-56, 2016). In this study, the effect of process control and ion supplementation on charge variants of mAbs produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was investigated. Results of this study demonstrated that the concentration of Zn2+, duration of culturing, and temperature affect charge variants of a given mAb. Under the optimum conditions of 3L bioreactors, the most significant was that Zn2 + and temperature shift could further improve the quality of antibody. The main peak increased by 12%, and the acid peak decreased by 16%. At the same time, there was no significant loss of titer. This study provided supporting evidence for methods to improve charge variants arising during mAb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Weng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - ChunHua Shao
- Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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98
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Hebditch M, Kean R, Warwicker J. Modelling of pH-dependence to develop a strategy for stabilising mAbs at acidic steps in production. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:897-905. [PMID: 32322371 PMCID: PMC7171260 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered proteins are increasingly being required to function or pass through environmental stresses for which the underlying protein has not evolved. A major example in health are antibody therapeutics, where a low pH step is used for purification and viral inactivation. In order to develop a computational model for analysis of pH-stability, predictions are compared with experimental data for the relative pH-sensitivities of antibody domains. The model is then applied to proteases that have evolved to be functional in an acid environment, showing a clear signature for low pH-dependence of stability in the neutral to acidic pH region, largely through reduction of salt-bridges. Interestingly, an extensively acidic protein surface can maintain contribution to structural stabilisation at acidic pH through replacement of basic sidechains with polar, hydrogen-bonding groups. These observations form a design principle for engineering acid-stable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hebditch
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ryan Kean
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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99
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Electrospun Weak Anion-exchange Fibrous Membranes for Protein Purification. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030039. [PMID: 32121609 PMCID: PMC7143834 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane based ion-exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) for protein purification is often used to remove impurities and aggregates operated under the flow-through mode. IEX and HIC are also limited by capacity and recovery when operated under bind-and-elute mode for the fractionation of proteins. Electrospun nanofibrous membrane is characterized by its high surface area to volume ratio and high permeability. Here tertiary amine ligands are grafted onto the electrospun polysulfone (PSf) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane substrates using UV-initiated polymerization. Static and dynamic binding capacities for model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were determined under appropriate bind and elute buffer conditions. Static and dynamic binding capacities in the order of ~100 mg/mL were obtained for the functionalized electrospun PAN membranes whereas these values reached ~200 mg/mL for the functionalized electrospun PSf membranes. Protein recovery of over 96% was obtained for PAN-based membranes. However, it is only 56% for PSf-based membranes. Our work indicates that surface modification of electrospun membranes by grafting polymeric ligands can enhance protein adsorption due to increased surface area-to-volume ratio.
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100
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Singh SK, Mishra A, Yadav D, Budholiya N, Rathore AS. Understanding the mechanism of copurification of “difficult to remove” host cell proteins in rituximab biosimilar products. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2936. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Divyanshi Yadav
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Niharika Budholiya
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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