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Zhang X, Li X, Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Wu Q, Yu Y. Nanocarrier system: An emerging strategy for bioactive peptide delivery. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1050647. [PMID: 36545472 PMCID: PMC9760884 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with small-molecule synthetic drugs, bioactive peptides have desirable advantages in efficiency, selectivity, safety, tolerance, and side effects, which are accepted by attracting extensive attention from researchers in food, medicine, and other fields. However, unacceptable barriers, including mucus barrier, digestive enzyme barrier, and epithelial barrier, cause the weakening or the loss of bioavailability and biostability of bioactive peptides. The nanocarrier system for bioactive peptide delivery needs to be further probed. We provide a comprehensive update on the application of versatile delivery systems for embedding bioactive peptides, including liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, polysaccharides, hydrogels, and self-emulsifying delivery systems, and further clarify their structural characterization, advantages, and disadvantages as delivery systems. It aims to provide a reference for the maximum utilization of bioactive peptides. It is expected to be an effective strategy for improving the bioavailability and biostability of bioactive peptides.
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Intiquilla A, Jiménez-Aliaga K, Iris Zavaleta A, Gamboa A, Caro N, Diaz M, Gotteland M, Abugoch L, Tapia C. Nanoencapsulation of antioxidant peptides from Lupinus mutabilis in chitosan nanoparticles obtained by ionic gelling and spray freeze drying intended for colonic delivery. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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53
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Comparison of an Artificial Neural Network and a Response Surface Model during the Extraction of Selenium-Containing Protein from Selenium-Enriched Brassica napus L. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233823. [PMID: 36496631 PMCID: PMC9740868 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extraction conditions for selenium-enriched rape protein (SEP) were optimized by applying a response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model, and then, the optimal conditions were obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA). Then, the antioxidant power of the SEP was examined by using the DPPH, ABTS, and CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8), and its anticancer activities were explored by conducting a cell migration test. The results showed that compared with the RSM model, the ANN model was more accurate with a higher determination coefficient and fewer errors when it was applied to optimize the extraction method. The data obtained for SEP using a GA were as follows: the extraction temperature was 59.4 °C, the extraction time was 3.0 h, the alkaline concentration was 0.24 mol/L, the liquid-to-material ratio was 65.2 mL/g, and the predicted content of protein was 58.04 mg/g. The protein was extracted under the conditions obtained by the GA; the real content of protein was 57.69 mg/g, and the protein yield was 61.71%. Finally, as the concentration of the selenium-containing protein increased, it showed increased ability in scavenging free radicals and was influential in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells.
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Mo Q, You S, Fu H, Wang D, Zhang J, Wang C, Li M. Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Rice Fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Their Protective Effects on UVA-Induced Oxidative Stress in Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122333. [PMID: 36552541 PMCID: PMC9774751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor on both aging and disease. Among foods endowed with beneficial healthy properties, rice is a very useful material, not only because it has a good amino acid ratio and produces antioxidant peptides through microbial fermentation, but also for its inexpensive availability. In this study, rice was treated with Lactobacillus plantarum, and the resulting mixture of small peptides with less than 11 amino acids (RFP) was extracted and purified from the fermentation broth. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of RFP was assessed using the chemical model, cell biology, and animal model methods. RFP enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes downstream of the KEAP1-NRF2/ARE pathway by promoting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation while simultaneously removing lipid oxidation products and excess free radicals. These results suggest that RFP is a potential substance for resisting aging and disease caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
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55
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Food Protein-Derived Antioxidant Peptides: Molecular Mechanism, Stability and Bioavailability. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111622. [PMID: 36358972 PMCID: PMC9687809 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of protein-derived peptides was one of the first to be revealed among the more than 50 known peptide bioactivities to date. The exploitation value associated with food-derived antioxidant peptides is mainly attributed to their natural properties and effectiveness as food preservatives and in disease prevention, management, and treatment. An increasing number of antioxidant active peptides have been identified from a variety of renewable sources, including terrestrial and aquatic organisms and their processing by-products. This has important implications for alleviating population pressure, avoiding environmental problems, and promoting a sustainable shift in consumption. To identify such opportunities, we conducted a systematic literature review of recent research advances in food-derived antioxidant peptides, with particular reference to their biological effects, mechanisms, digestive stability, and bioaccessibility. In this review, 515 potentially relevant papers were identified from a preliminary search of the academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. After removing non-thematic articles, articles without full text, and other quality-related factors, 52 review articles and 122 full research papers remained for analysis and reference. The findings highlighted chemical and biological evidence for a wide range of edible species as a source of precursor proteins for antioxidant-active peptides. Food-derived antioxidant peptides reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, besides activating endogenous antioxidant defense systems in cellular and animal models. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides were elucidated by using cellular models. Protein hydrolysates (peptides) are promising ingredients with enhanced nutritional, functional, and organoleptic properties of foods, not only as a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
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56
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Preparation and characterization of lipophilic antioxidative peptides derived from mung bean protein. Food Chem 2022; 395:133535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Raza B, Hameed A, Saleem MY. Fruit nutritional composition, antioxidant and biochemical profiling of diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genetic resource. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035163. [PMID: 36311077 PMCID: PMC9608662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop consumed globally, by the virtue of its antioxidant-rich phytochemicals and bioactive compounds. Identifying genotypes with high antioxidant capacities and nutritionally rich phytochemicals is imperative for improving human health. The present study aimed to analyze 21 antioxidant and nutritional compounds in 93 geographically diverse, high yielding, better quality, stress tolerant tomato genotypes (hybrids, parental lines, inbred lines, and advanced lines). Significant variation (p < 0.05) was detected for investigated traits among the tested genotypes. Principal component analysis revealed the hybrids NIAB-Jauhar, Iron-lady F1, NBH-258, Ahmar F1, NIAB-Gohar, the parents H-24, B-25, AVTO1080, Astra and AVTO1003, as well as the lines LBR-17, AVTO1315, AVTO1311 and Lyp-1 revealed superior performance for the traits such as chlorophylls, lycopene, total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, protease, alpha-amylase and total flavonoid content. Whereas the hybrids Surkhail F1, NBH-204, NBH-229, NBH-151, NBH-196, NBH-152, NBH-261, NBH-228, NIAB-Jauhar, NBH-256 and NBH-255, the lines 21354, AVTO1315, Newcherry, LA4097, AVTO1311 and UAF-1 together with the parents Naqeeb, NCEBR-5, M-82 and LBR-10 exhibited significant contribution to the traits such as total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, esterase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the semi-determinate and determinate tomato genotypes together with the categories parent and line with positive factor scores of 3.184, 0.015, 0.325 and 0.186 in PC- I, exhibited better performance for the trait such as total chlorophylls, lycopene, total carotenoids, total oxidant status, protease, alpha-amylase, total antioxidant capacity, esterase and total flavonoid content. Whereas again the semi-determinate and indeterminate tomato genotypes along with the category hybrid with positive factor scores of 2.619, 0.252 and 0.114 in PC- II, exhibited better performance for the traits such as total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, chlorophyll b, malondialdehyde content, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. Hybrid vigor was observed in the hybrids for investigated traits. The aforementioned tomato genotypes showing outstanding performance in the respective traits can be exploited in the breeding programs to improve nutritional quality of tomato that can further improve human health.
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58
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Antioxidant activities of novel peptides from Limosilactobacillus reuteri fermented brown rice: A combined in vitro and in silico study. Food Chem 2022; 404:134747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs: Preparation, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability against Thermal, pH, and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Treatments. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100626. [PMID: 36286450 PMCID: PMC9604775 DOI: 10.3390/md20100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arterial bulbs of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) are rich in elastin, and its hydrolysates are high quality raw materials for daily cosmetics. In order to effectively utilizing Skipjack tuna processing byproducts-cardiac arterial bulbs and to prepare peptides with high antioxidant activity, pepsin was selected from six proteases for hydrolyzing proteins, and the best hydrolysis conditions of pepsin were optimized. Using ultrafiltration and chromatographic methods, eleven antioxidant peptides were purified from protein hydrolysate of tuna cardiac arterial bulbs. Four tripeptides (QGD, PKK, GPQ and GLN) were identified as well as seven pentapeptides (GEQSN, GEEGD, YEGGD, GEGER, GEGQR, GPGLM and GDRGD). Three out of them, namely the tripeptide PKK and the pentapeptides YEGGD and GPGLM exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and superoxide anion assays. They also showed to protect plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, they exhibited high stability under temperature ranged from 20-100 °C, pH values ranged from 3-11, and they simulated gastrointestinal digestion for 240 min. These results suggest that the prepared eleven antioxidant peptides from cardiac arterial bulbs, especially the three peptides PKK, YEGGD, and GPGLM, could serve as promising candidates in health-promoting products due to their high antioxidant activity and their stability.
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60
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Antioxidant Activity, Functional Properties, and Cytoprotective Effects on HepG2 Cells of Tree Peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) Seed Protein Hydrolysate as Influenced by Molecular Weights Fractionation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172592. [PMID: 36076778 PMCID: PMC9455679 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant protein hydrolysates have gained increased attention due to their superior antioxidant activity and potential to prevent several chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity, functional properties, and cytoprotective effects of the tree peony seed protein hydrolysate (TPSPH) with different molecular weights (MWs). The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH, hydroxyl radicals scavenging, Fe2+ chelating, and inhibition of the β-carotene oxidation abilities. The protective effects and mechanism against oxidative stress were determined using H2O2-stressed HepG2 cells. MW > 30 kDa of TPSPH showed the highest radical scavenging (DPPH IC50 = 0.04, hydroxyl IC50 = 0.89 mg/mL) and inhibition of β-carotene oxidation (80.07% at 2.0 mg/mL) activity. Moreover, MW > 30 kDa possessed high hydrophobicity, emulsifying capacity, and abundant antioxidant amino acids (28.22% of hydrophobic amino acids and 8.3% of aromatic amino acids). MW 5−10 kDa exhibited more effective protection against H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and activating antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). These results indicated the potential application of TPSPH as an antioxidant in food and functional foods.
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61
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Jiang P, Liu N, Xiu Y, Wang W, Wang C, Zhang D, Li Z. Identification and analysis of antioxidant peptides from sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the basis of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Funct 2022; 13:9635-9644. [PMID: 36017637 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) antioxidant peptides in vitro simulated through continuous gastrointestinal (GI) digestion in comparison with rice (Oryza sativa L.) were identified and functionally analysed. It was demonstrated that the protein digestibility of sorghum and rice increased by 11.27% and 14.10% after GI digestion, respectively. The concentrations of the rice peptides GG14, GG12, SF11, and LQ9 and the sorghum peptide KP9 in the gastrointestinal tract were 0.018, 0.712, 0.548, 0.188, and 0.265 μg mL-1, respectively. An assay of the scavenging ability showed that the sorghum peptide KP9 had the strongest ABTS-scavenging ability, with an IC50 value of 44.44 mg mL-1. The rice peptide LQ9 had the strongest DPPH and OH radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 10.41 and 25.78 mg mL-1, respectively. These five selectively synthesized peptides were predicted to be nontoxic and to have good ADMET absorption properties. The results indicated that the sorghum and rice peptides obtained by in vitro digestion were separated and purified with certain antioxidant activities and could be consumed as functional foods to modulate certain chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuyang Xiu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Wenhao Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China. .,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
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62
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Evaluation of Plant Protein Hydrolysates as Natural Antioxidants in Fish Oil-In-Water Emulsions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081612. [PMID: 36009330 PMCID: PMC9404908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the physical and oxidative stabilities of 5% w/w fish oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with 1%wt Tween20 and containing 2 mg/mL of protein hydrolysates from olive seed (OSM–H), sunflower (SFSM–H), rapeseed (RSM–H) and lupin (LUM–H) meals. To this end, the plant-based substrates were hydrolyzed at a 20% degree of hydrolysis (DH) employing a mixture 1:1 of subtilisin: trypsin. The hydrolysates were characterized in terms of molecular weight profile and in vitro antioxidant activities (i.e., DPPH scavenging and ferrous ion chelation). After incorporation of the plant protein hydrolysates as water-soluble antioxidants in the emulsions, a 14-day storage study was conducted to evaluate both the physical (i.e., ζ-potential, droplet size and emulsion stability index) and oxidative (e.g., peroxide and anisidine value) stabilities. The highest in vitro DPPH scavenging and iron (II)-chelating activities were exhibited by SFSM–H (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and RSM–H (IC50 = 0.41 ± 0.06 mg/mL). All the emulsions were physically stable within the storage period, with ζ-potential values below −35 mV and an average mean diameter D[4,3] of 0.411 ± 0.010 μm. Although LUM–H did not prevent lipid oxidation in emulsions, OSM–H and SFSM–H exhibited a remarkable ability to retard the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products during storage when compared with the control emulsion without antioxidants. Overall, our findings show that plant-based enzymatic hydrolysates are an interesting alternative to be employed as natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in food emulsions.
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63
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Wang H, Huang T, Liu K, Yu J, Yao G, Zhang W, Zhang H, Sun T. Protective effects of whey protein hydrolysate on Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 during freeze-drying and storage. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7308-7321. [PMID: 35931487 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of whey protein hydrolysate as a lyoprotectant for maintaining the cell viability of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 during freeze-drying and subsequent storage. The moisture content and water activity of the lyophilized samples treated by different concentrations of whey protein hydrolysate were ≤5.23 ± 0.33 g/100 g and ≤0.102 ± 0.003, respectively. During storage at 25°C and 30°C, whey protein hydrolysate had a stronger protective effect on B. lactis Probio-M8 than the same concentration of whey protein. Using the Excel tool GinaFit, we estimated the microbial inactivation kinetics during storage. Whey protein hydrolysate reduced cell damage caused by an increase in temperature. Whey protein hydrolysate could protect cells by increasing the osmotic pressure as a compatible solute. Whey protein hydrolysate improved cell membrane integrity and reduced the amounts of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde produced. The findings indicated that whey protein hydrolysate was a novel antioxidant lyoprotectant that could protect probiotics during freeze-drying and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Guoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Tiansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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64
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Zhong J, Ren J. Structural characterization of functional peptides by extending the hybrid orbital theory. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- School of Food Science and Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
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65
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Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from millet gliadin treated with high hydrostatic pressure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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66
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Seafood Paramyosins as Sources of Anti-Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme and Anti-Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Peptides after Gastrointestinal Digestion: A Cheminformatic Investigation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123864. [PMID: 35744987 PMCID: PMC9229108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paramyosins, muscle proteins occurring exclusively in invertebrates, are abundant in seafoods. The potential of seafood paramyosins (SP) as sources of anti-angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) and anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP-IV) peptides is underexplored. This in silico study investigated the release of anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides from SP after gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. We focused on SP of the common octopus, Humboldt squid, Japanese abalone, Japanese scallop, Mediterranean mussel, Pacific oyster, sea cucumber, and Whiteleg shrimp. SP protein sequences were digested on BIOPEP-UWM, followed by identification of known anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides liberated. Upon screening for high-GI-absorption, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity, shortlisted peptides were analyzed via molecular docking and dynamic to elucidate mechanisms of interactions with ACE and DPP-IV. Potential novel anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetics of peptides were predicted with SwissADME. GI digestion liberated 2853 fragments from SP. This comprised 26 known anti-ACE and 53 anti-DPP-IV peptides exhibiting high-GI-absorption, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity. SwissTargetPrediction predicted three putative anti-ACE (GIL, DL, AK) and one putative anti-DPP-IV (IAL) peptides. Molecular docking found most of the anti-ACE peptides may be non-competitive inhibitors, whereas all anti-DPP-IV peptides likely competitive inhibitors. Twenty-five nanoseconds molecular dynamics simulation suggests the stability of these screened peptides, including the three predicted anti-ACE and one predicted anti-DPP-IV peptides. Seven dipeptides resembling approved oral-bioavailable peptide drugs in physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were revealed: AY, CF, EF, TF, TY, VF, and VY. In conclusion, our study presented in silico evidence for SP being a promising source of bioavailable and safe anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides following GI digestions.
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67
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Xiao Z, Li J, Wang H, Zhang Q, Ge Q, Mao J, Sha R. Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides From Bamboo Leaves Promoted by Phosphotungstic Acids and Its Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917432. [PMID: 35769382 PMCID: PMC9234559 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we exploited an efficient method to release hemicellulosic polysaccharides (BLHP) from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) leaves assisted by a small amount of phosphotungstic acid. Structural unit analysis proved that BLHP-A1 and BLHP-B1 samples possessed abundant low-branch chains in →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→ skeleton mainly consisting of Xylp, Manp, Glcp, Galp, and Araf residues. According to the results of the antioxidant activity assays in vitro, both of the two fractions demonstrated the activity for scavenging DPPH⋅ and ABTS+ radicals and exhibited relatively a high reducing ability compared to the recently reported polysaccharides. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated against H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in HepG2 cells. BLHP-B1 showed more activity for preventing damages from H2O2 in HepG2 cells by improving the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreasing the production of MDA as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This study implied that BLHP could demonstrate its attenuation ability for oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuqian Xiao,
| | - Jiajie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Sha
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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68
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Pei Y, Lui Y, Cai S, Zhou C, Hong P, Qian ZJ. A Novel Peptide Isolated from Microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Exhibits Anti-apoptosis and Anti-inflammation in Ox-LDL Induced HUVEC to Improve Atherosclerosis. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:181-189. [PMID: 35476173 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the early stage, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused atherosclerosis, followed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) damage, leading to a variety of cardiovascular related diseases. This study investigated the mechanism of nonapeptide (EMFGTSSET, ETT) isolated from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Isochrysis zhanjiang on endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in atherosclerosis. At the cellular level, the results shown that ETT inhibited the up-regulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by ox-LDL. Furthermore, ETT inhibited the fluorescence intensity of ROS, inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1). In addition, it also upregulates nuclear red blood cell 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO -1), p-Akt, and bcl-2 levels. But down-regulated the expression of p-p65, p-IκB-α, p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK, bax, and cleaved caspase-9/-3 (c-c-9/-3), thereby inhibited ox-LDL induction inflammation and apoptosis of atherosclerosis. Through molecular docking, it was judged that the stable interaction between ETT and LOX-1 and VCAM-1 was maintained through hydrogen bonding. These results can provide a theoretical basis for ETT as a potential substance for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and further improve the value of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Yi Lui
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Shengxuan Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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69
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León Madrazo A, Segura Campos MR. In silico prediction of peptide variants from chia (S. hispanica L.) with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant potential. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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70
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Liao AM, Li XX, Gu Z, He JY, Hou Y, Pan L, Zheng SN, Zhang J, Peng P, Hui M, Huang JH. Preparation and identification of an antioxidant peptide from wheat embryo albumin and characterization of its Maillard reaction products. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2549-2562. [PMID: 35607810 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wheat embryo albumin (WEA) extracted from wheat embryo possesses multiple effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects. In this study, a single factor experiment was conducted to determine the optimal enzymolysis conditions of WEA. Five components (F1-F5) were obtained via ultrafiltration, among which F3 (molecular weight 3-5 kDa) displayed the best antioxidant activity. WEA and F3 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, circular dichroism spectrum analysis, and amino acid composition tests. Results revealed that F3 significantly increased the contents of β-tablets, aromatic amino acids, and hydrophobic amino acids compared to WEA. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that F3 had more tyrosine and histidine moieties than WEA. Moreover, analysis of the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) showed that F3-MRPs had strong browning strength, ultraviolet absorption, higher number of free amino acids, and umami amino acid ratio compared with WEA. In conclusion, enzymolysis can improve the functional properties of WEA, which broadens the application spectrum of WEA in food and pharmaceutical fields. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides a new approach for identifying potential antioxidants and developing functional foods from WEA, and broadens the application spectrum of wheat germ resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zeshan Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang-Ying He
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yinchen Hou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Long Pan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Peng Peng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ming Hui
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang, PR China
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71
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Sun KL, Gao M, Wang YZ, Li XR, Wang P, Wang B. Antioxidant Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Marine Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii: Preparation, Identification, and Cytoprotective Mechanisms on H 2O 2 Oxidative Damaged HUVECs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:791248. [PMID: 35531284 PMCID: PMC9069057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.791248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To screen, prepare, identify, and evaluate the activities of natural antioxidants for treating chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. Two algal proteins, namely ZD10 and ZD60, precipitated with 10 and 60% (NH4)2SO4 were extracted from red algae Eucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) and hydrolyzed using five proteolytic enzymes. The results showed that ZD60 played the most significant role in the enhancement of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH⋅) scavenging activity (25.91 ± 0.24%) among all protein hydrolysates. Subsequently, six antioxidant peptides (EP1-EP6) were isolated from the papain hydrolysate of ZD60 by ultrafiltration and chromatography methods. Their amino acid sequences were identified as Thr-Ala (EP1), Met-Asn (EP2), Tyr-Ser-Lys-Thr (EP3), Tyr-Ala-Val-Thr (EP4), Tyr-Leu-Leu (EP5), and Phe-Tyr-Lys-Ala (EP6) with molecular weights of 190.21, 263.33, 497.55, 452.51, 407.51, and 527.62 Da, respectively. Of which, EP3, EP4, EP5, and EP6 showed strong scavenging activities on DPPH⋅, hydroxyl radical (HO⋅), and superoxide anion radical (O- 2⋅). Moreover, EP4 and EP5 could significantly protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (60.51 and 51.74% of model group) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (75.36 and 64.45% of model group). In addition, EP4 and EP5 could effectively inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by preventing HUVECs from early apoptosis to late apoptosis. These results indicated that the antioxidant peptides derived from E. cottonii, especially EP4 and EP5, could serve as the natural antioxidants applied in pharmaceutical products to treat chronic cardiovascular diseases caused by oxidative damage, such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lai Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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72
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Wang M, Wu W, Xiao J, Li C, Chen B, Shen Y. Recent Development in Antioxidant Peptides of Woody Oil Plant By-Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2073367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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73
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An ACE inhibitory peptide from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis exhibits antihypertensive effect via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in HUVEC and hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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74
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Liu D, Chen M, Zhu J, Tian W, Guo Y, Ma H. A Two-Stage Enzymolysis Method and Its Application in Exerting Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Protein. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889434. [PMID: 35495928 PMCID: PMC9046995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional enzymolysis method for producing bioactive peptides does not consider the utilization of digestive enzymes in the human gastrointestinal tract, leading to the possibility of excessive hydrolysis and higher production cost. Therefore, a two-stage enzymolysis method was established in this study based on in vitro limited enzymolysis and gastrointestinal digestion, and applied it to the research of walnut protein (WP) in exerting antioxidant activity. Results showed that WP could be well-digested by pepsin and pancreatin. WP with limited enzymolysis degree of 0% could achieve high antioxidant activity after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and reducing power were 66.53% and 8.55 μmoL TE/mL, respectively. In vivo experimental results also exhibited that both WP and WP hydrolysate (WPH) could alleviate the oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in SD rats to some extent. Considering the digestive function of human body, in vitro limited enzymolysis, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vivo validation are necessary processes for the production of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junsong Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weijie Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haile Ma
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75
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Zang E, Jiang L, Cui H, Li X, Yan Y, Liu Q, Chen Z, Li M. Only Plant-based Food Additives: An Overview on Application, Safety, and Key Challenges in the Food Industry. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erhuan Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongwei Cui
- Clinical research center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University/Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yumei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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76
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Zhu L, Xiong H, Huang X, Guyonnet V, Ma M, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang L, Hu G. Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidant peptides from two sources of eggshell membrane hydrolysates showing cytoprotection against oxidative stress: A combined in silico and in vitro study. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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77
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Liu D, Guo Y, Ma H. Production, bioactivities and bioavailability of bioactive peptides derived from walnut origin by-products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8032-8047. [PMID: 35361034 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Walnut-origin by-products obtained from walnut oil extraction industry are high in proteins with various physiological functions and pharmacological properties and an extensive potential for usage in producing bioactive peptides. This review presents the current research status of bioactive peptides derived from walnut by-products, including preparation, separation, purification, identification, bioactivities, and bioavailability. A plethora of walnut peptides with multiple biological activities, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antihyperuricemia activities, were obtained from walnut-origin by-products by enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and synthesis. Different bioactive peptides show various structural characteristics and amino acid composition due to their diverse mechanism of action. Furthermore, walnut protein and its hydrolysate present a high bioavailability in human gastrointestinal digestive system. Improving the bioavailability of walnut peptides is needful in the development of walnut industry. However, future research still needs to exploit energy conservation, high efficiency, environmentally friendly and low-cost production method of walnut bioactive peptide. The molecular mechanisms of different bioactive walnut peptides still need to be explored at the cell and gene levels. Additionally, the digestion, absorption, and metabolism processes of walnut peptides are also the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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78
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Yang Z, Xue B, Song G, Shi S. Effects of citric acid on antioxidant system and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of Elymus dahuricus under Cd stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113321. [PMID: 35228026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous citric acid (CA), which acts as an important intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, can enhance the TCA cycle activity and activate the branched operation of the TCA cycle, thus providing energy required for resistance to adverse conditions. However, the effects of CA application on TCA cycle-related metabolism under cadmium (Cd) were less reported. To investigate the effects of CA on the Cd tolerance of Dahurian wildrye grass (Elymus dahuricus), the growth, Cd accumulation, antioxidant systems and metabolic pathways of leaves and roots were investigated by a potted soil experiment with Cd (50 mg/kg) and CA (4 mmol/L) treatments. The results showed that Cd stress seriously affected growth and induced the production of reactive oxygen in clover leaves and roots, leading to membrane peroxidation and activation of the antioxidant defense system. Exogenous CA could not only effectively relieve the inhibition of Cd stress on growth and reduce the amount of reactive oxygen by increasing the antioxidant capacities but could also promote an increase in root Cd content. Metabolomic results showed that the application of CA increased the contents of sugars, sugar alcohols, and resistant substances, and promoted the metabolism of amino acids including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These alterations contributed the significant enhancement of the Cd resistance, which may be related to the changes in the TCA cycle activity and the metabolism of the shikimic acid pathway in leaves and roots as well as GABA shunt in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bohan Xue
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guilong Song
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Box 1958, Beijing 100091, China.
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79
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Sun J, Zhou C, Cao J, He J, Sun Y, Dang Y, Pan D, Xia Q. Purification and Characterization of Novel Antioxidative Peptides From Duck Liver Protein Hydrolysate as Well as Their Cytoprotection Against Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:848289. [PMID: 35369059 PMCID: PMC8965237 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.848289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at mining antioxidant peptides derived from duck liver as a strategy for valorizing poultry byproducts utilization via the isolation and characterization of peptide molecules with great antioxidant potential and cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Six novel peptides, including GEHGDSSVPVWSGVN, HLDYYLGK, HLTPWIGK, DTYIRQPW, WDDMEKIWHH, and MYPGIAD were isolated and purified by Sephadex G-15 and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by the identification with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the hydrolysates from different enzymes, the alcalase-originated peptides presented the strongest antioxidant capacity as revealed by DPPH and ABTS assays. The synthesized peptides were used to validate the antioxidant activities, identifying that DTYIRQPW and WDDMEKIWHH were the major antioxidative peptides capable of protecting HepG2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage via stimulating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase to eliminate free radicals and to decrease lipid peroxidation products. Molecular docking suggested that the antioxidative properties of the isolated peptides were related to the site and number of hydrogen bonds. This investigation indicated the great potential of duck liver protein hydrolysates as a base material for producing and developing dietary bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yali Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Daodong Pan
| | - Qiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Qiang Xia ;
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81
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Aygun RB, Zengin G, Yıldıztugay E, Jugreet S, Yılmaz MA, Mahomoodally FM. Chemical characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic properties of extracts from two Silene species: A focus on different plant parts and extraction methods. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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82
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Patil PJ, Usman M, Zhang C, Mehmood A, Zhou M, Teng C, Li X. An updated review on food-derived bioactive peptides: Focus on the regulatory requirements, safety, and bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1732-1776. [PMID: 35142435 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) are recently utilized as functional food raw materials owing to their potential health benefits. Although there is a huge amount of scientific research about BAPs' identification, purification, characterization, and physiological functions, and subsequently, many BAPs have been marketed, there is a paucity of review on the regulatory requirements, bioavailability, and safety of BAPs. Thus, this review focuses on the toxic peptides that could arise from their primary proteins throughout protein extraction, protein pretreatment, and BAPs' formulation. Also, the influences of BAPs' length and administration dosage on safety are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and possibilities in BAPs' bioavailability and regulatory requirements in different countries were also presented. Results revealed that the human studies of BAPs are essential for approvals as healthy food and to prevent the consumers from misinformation and false promises. The BAPs that escape the gastrointestinal tract epithelium and move to the stomach are considered good peptides and get circulated into the blood using different pathways. In addition, the hydrophobicity, net charge, molecular size, length, amino acids composition/sequences, and structural characteristics of BAPs are critical for bioavailability, and appropriate food-grade carriers can enhance it. The abovementioned features are also vital to optimize the solubility, water holding capacity, emulsifying ability, and foaming property of BAPs in food products. In the case of safety, the possible allergenic and toxic peptides often exhibit physiological functions and could be produced during the hydrolysis of food proteins. It was also noted that the production of iso-peptides bonds and undesirable Maillard reaction might occur during protein extraction, sample pretreatments, and peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna J Patil
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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83
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Wang YM, Li XY, Wang J, He Y, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack tuna milt: Purification, identification, and cytoprotection on H2O2 damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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84
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Zhao Y, Lu Z, Xu X, Sun N, Lin S. Sea Cucumber-Derived Peptide Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Preventing Hippocampal Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:567-576. [PMID: 34989228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases related to cognitive decline and memory loss is on the rise as the global elderly population increases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the sea cucumber-derived peptide Phe-Tyr-Asp-Trp-Pro-Lys (FYDWPK) on scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in an animal model. The Morris water maze, passive avoidance apparatus, and shuttle box test were used to assess learning and memory abilities. In behavioral tests, FYDWPK effectively alleviated learning and memory impairment. FYDWPK also alleviated cholinergic dysfunction in mice with dementia. Furthermore, FYDWPK significantly improved oxidative imbalance by increasing superoxide dismutase activity and decreasing malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). The pathological results showed that FYDWPK alleviated neuronal loss, blurred caryotheca, and pyknotic nuclei in the hippocampus, and a high dose of FYDWPK had the best effect. In conclusion, FYDWPK alleviated cognitive and memory impairments by regulating oxidative imbalance, reducing cholinergic dysfunction, and relieving pathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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85
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Maillard reaction of food-derived peptides as a potential route to generate meat flavor compounds: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110823. [PMID: 34980374 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based meat analogues (PBMA) are promising foods to address the global imbalance between the supply and demand for meat products caused by the increasing environmental pressures and growing human population. Given that the flavor of PBMA plays a crucial role in consumer acceptance, imparting meat-like flavor is of great significance. As a natural approach to generate meat-like flavor, the Maillard reaction involving food-derived peptides could contribute to the required flavor compounds, which has promising applications in PBMA formulations. In this review, the precursors of meat-like flavor are summarized followed by a discussion of the reactions and mechanisms responsible for generation of the flavor compounds. The preparation and analysis techniques for food-derived Maillard reacted peptides (MRPs) as well as their taste and aroma properties are discussed. In addition, the MRPs as meat flavor precursors and their potential application in the formulation of PBMA are also discussed. The present review provides a fundamental scientific information useful for the production and application of MRPs as meat flavor precursors in PBMA.
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86
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Castro CDS, Cotrim CFC, Santos IRD, Santos KJGD, Paula JAMD, Caramori SS, Almeida LMD, Bailão EFLC, Borges LL. Aplicação de antioxidantes naturais na reprodução animal. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73601p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Antioxidantes são substâncias naturais ou sintéticas que facilitam o retardo da oxidação por um ou mais mecanismos, como sequestrar radicais livres, inibir a peroxidação lipídica e complexar com metais, inibindo a destruição tecidual via oxidação. Antioxidantes são comumente usados na alimentação animal e na indústria alimentícia para prevenir a oxidação de produtos de origem animal. Além disso, os oxidantes naturais estão sendo cada vez mais aplicados na reprodução animal, principalmente na preservação do sêmen. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a aplicação de antioxidantes naturais na reprodução animal. Observamos que os antioxidantes naturais foram geralmente adquiridos comercialmente (80,4%) e utilizados principalmente no resfriamento/congelamento de sêmen (72%) com resultados promissores (90%) em Sus scrofa (javali), Capra aegagrus hircus (cabra), Gallus gallus domesticus (galo) e Ovis aries (carneiro). No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para ajudar a regular a dosagem de antioxidantes naturais para sua aplicação.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Luiz Borges
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brazil
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87
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Asatiani M. Antioxidant Activities of Hot Water Extracts from Mycelial Biomass of Medicinal Agaricomycetes Mushrooms. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:21-30. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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88
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Castro CDS, Cotrim CFC, Santos IRD, Santos KJGD, Paula JAMD, Caramori SS, Almeida LMD, Bailão EFLC, Borges LL. Application of natural antioxidants in animal reproduction. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Antioxidants are natural or synthetic substances that delay oxidation through one or more mechanisms, such as scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and complexing with metals, inhibiting tissue destruction via oxidation. Antioxidants are commonly used in animal feed and the food industry to prevent the oxidation of animal-origin products. Moreover, natural oxidants are used increasingly in animal reproduction, especially for semen preservation. In this context, this study aimed to review the applications of natural antioxidants in animal reproduction. We observed that the bulk of the natural antioxidants, approximately 80.4%, were commercially acquired and used mainly for semen cooling/freezing (72%) with promising results (90%) in Sus scrofa (boar), Capra aegagrus hircus (goat), Gallus gallus domesticus (rooster), and Ovis aries (ram). However, further studies are needed to help determine the appropriate dosage of natural antioxidants for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Luiz Borges
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brazil
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89
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SANDATE-FLORES L, MÉNDEZ-ZAMORA G, MORALES-CELAYA MF, LARA-REYES JA, AGUIRRE-ARZOLA VE, GUTIÉRREZ-DIEZ A, TORRES-CASTILLO JA, SINAGAWA-GARCÍA SR. Biofunctional properties of the bioactive peptide from protein isolates of jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla) and pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) seeds. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.57922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Jia W, Du A, Dong X, Fan Z, Zhang D, Wang R, Shi L. Physicochemical and molecular transformation of novel functional peptides from Baijiu. Food Chem 2021; 375:131894. [PMID: 34954580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for screening and identifying peptides present in Baijiu was developed based on magnetic solid-phase extraction with magnetic S-doped graphene (M-G-S) as adsorbent combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 28 peptides consisting of amino acids from 3 to 9 were preliminarily identified, and significantly higher in the number than that of direct concentration and SPE with C18 as the adsorbent. Six peptides were confirmed with their corresponding synthetic reference standards by comparing their retention time, high resolution MS/MS spectra, and NMR spectroscopic studies. Parallel reaction monitoring integrated with the internal standard method was utilized to quantify identified peptides with concentrations ranging from 1.14 to 10.25 ng mL-1, and prediction results of bioactivity comprising antioxidation or ACE inhibitors were obtained. These discoveries were conducive to understanding the versatility benefit of Baijiu and paved the way to study the interaction between peptides and volatile substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - An Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaojun Dong
- Huashanlunjian Brand Management Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710076, China
| | - Zibian Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Duimin Zhang
- Huashanlunjian Brand Management Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710076, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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91
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Zhu Z, Chen Y, Jia N, Zhang W, Hou H, Xue C, Wang Y. Identification of three novel antioxidative peptides from Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysates based on a peptidomics strategy. Food Chem 2021; 375:131849. [PMID: 34942500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa is recognized as a potential sustainable protein material in food industry, however, its application remains still very limited. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidative properties of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysates and identify novel antioxidative peptides from protein hydrolysates through a workflow mainly including enzymatic hydrolysis, peptidome quantification, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, in silico screening, and validation. Three novel antioxidative peptides including AGWACLVG, IDLAY and YPLDL were identified from protein hydrolysates by papain with the hydrolysis time of 4 h, in which, AGWACLVG showed strong 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity with the IC50 value of 68.88 µM and Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity of 6.20 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g. This study suggested that Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysates could be used as potential antioxidative ingredients in food industry, and the identification of novel antioxidative peptides would contribute to the construction of more robust QSAR models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenhan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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92
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Computational Screening for the Anticancer Potential of Seed-Derived Antioxidant Peptides: A Cheminformatic Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237396. [PMID: 34885982 PMCID: PMC8659047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some seed-derived antioxidant peptides are known to regulate cellular modulators of ROS production, including those proposed to be promising targets of anticancer therapy. Nevertheless, research in this direction is relatively slow owing to the inevitable time-consuming nature of wet-lab experimentations. To help expedite such explorations, we performed structure-based virtual screening on seed-derived antioxidant peptides in the literature for anticancer potential. The ability of the peptides to interact with myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, Keap1, and p47phox was examined. We generated a virtual library of 677 peptides based on a database and literature search. Screening for anticancer potential, non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, non-hemolyticity narrowed down the collection to five candidates. Molecular docking found LYSPH as the most promising in targeting myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and Keap1, whereas PSYLNTPLL was the best candidate to bind stably to key residues in p47phox. Stability of the four peptide-target complexes was supported by molecular dynamics simulation. LYSPH and PSYLNTPLL were predicted to have cell- and blood-brain barrier penetrating potential, although intolerant to gastrointestinal digestion. Computational alanine scanning found tyrosine residues in both peptides as crucial to stable binding to the targets. Overall, LYSPH and PSYLNTPLL are two potential anticancer peptides that deserve deeper exploration in future.
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93
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Zhang W, Jia N, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Xue C. Changes of antioxidative activities and peptidomic patterns of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysates: Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and decoloration processes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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94
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Villeneuve P, Bourlieu-Lacanal C, Durand E, Lecomte J, McClements DJ, Decker EA. Lipid oxidation in emulsions and bulk oils: a review of the importance of micelles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-41. [PMID: 34839769 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2006138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in food products. In these foods, lipids are often present in a bulk or in emulsified forms. In both systems, the rate, extent and pathway of oxidation are highly dependent on the presence of colloidal structures and interfaces because these are the locations where oxidation normally occurs. In bulk oils, reverse micelles (association colloids) are present and are believed to play a crucial role on lipid oxidation. Conversely, in emulsions, surfactant micelles are present that also play a major role in lipid oxidation pathways. After a brief description of lipid oxidation and antioxidants mechanisms, this review discusses the current understanding of the influence of micellar structures on lipid oxidation. In particular, is discussed the major impact of the presence of micelles in emulsions, or reverse micelles (association colloids) in bulk oil on the oxidative stability of both systems. Indeed, both micelles in emulsions and associate colloids in bulk oils are discussed in this review as nanoscale structures that can serve as reservoirs of antioxidants and pro-oxidants and are involved in their transport within the concerned system. Their role as nanoreactors where lipid oxidation reactions occur is also commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, France.,QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France.,UMR IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, France.,QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, France.,QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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95
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Purification, Identification and Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides from Corn Silk Tryptic Hydrolysate: An Integrated In Vitro-In Silico Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111822. [PMID: 34829693 PMCID: PMC8615004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) is an agro-by-product from corn cultivation. It is used in folk medicines in some countries, besides being commercialized as health-promoting supplements and beverages. Unlike CS-derived natural products, their bioactive peptides, particularly antioxidant peptides, are understudied. This study aimed to purify, identify and characterize antioxidant peptides from trypsin-hydrolyzed CS proteins. Purification was accomplished by membrane ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and strong-cation-exchange solid-phase extraction, guided by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. De novo sequencing identified 29 peptides (6–14 residues; 633–1518 Da). The peptides consisted of 33–86% hydrophobic and 10–67% basic residues. Molecular docking found MCFHHHFHK, VHFNKGKKR, and PVVWAAKR having the strongest affinity (−4.7 to −4.8 kcal/mol) to ABTS•+, via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Potential cellular mechanisms of the peptides were supported by their interactions with modulators of intracellular oxidant status: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase. NDGPSR (Asn-Asp-Gly-Pro-Ser-Arg), the most promising peptide, showed stable binding to all three cellular targets, besides exhibiting low toxicity, low allergenicity, and cell-penetrating potential. Overall, CS peptides have potential application as natural antioxidant additives and functional food ingredients.
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96
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Tran TTN, Tran DP, Nguyen TMA, Tran TH, Phan NNA, Nguyen VC, Nguyen VT, Bowie JH. Virtual screening and rational design of antioxidant peptides based on tryptophyllin L structures isolated from the Litoria rubella frog. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3380. [PMID: 34779094 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of natural antioxidants has been carried out for decades relying mainly on experimental approaches that are commonly associated with time and cost demanding biochemical assays. The maturation of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modelling has provided an alternative approach for searching and designing antioxidant compounds with alleviated costs. As a contribution to this approach, this work aimed to establish a fragment-based 3D-QSAR procedure to discover and design potential antioxidants based on tryptophyllin L structures isolated from the red tree frog Litoria rubella. A force field and a Gaussian 3D-QSAR model were built to screen for potential antioxidants from tripeptide fragments covering all sequences of tryptophyllin L database. Among those, PWY(NH2 ) corresponding tryptophyllin L 4.1 was predicted to have the highest 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+ ·) scavenging capability. Two newly designed peptides PYW and PYW(NH2 ) together with PWY(NH2 ), tryptophyllin L 4.1, and the reference peptide PWY were synthesized and subjected to two antioxidant assays including ABTS scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Although the experimental TEAC values of the five peptides were roughly similar to those from predictions, the activity order was not in agreement with the predictions. The dissimilarities were accounted by the difference in the experimental procedures, the deviation of modelling regression, and the synergetic effect of structural and experimental features. The ABTS radical scavenging assays revealed that all the tested peptides were strong ABTS+ · scavengers with the antioxidant capabilities approximately twice as high as trolox and higher than glutathione. The ferric reducing activities of the peptides were, on the other hand, much weaker than that of trolox suggesting different antioxidant mechanisms inserted by trolox and the peptides. This work was a demonstration that 3D-QSAR methods can be employed in conjunction with experimental methods to effectively detect and design antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Nha Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Phien Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, 11307, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thai Hoang Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nu Ngọc Anh Phan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Trong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - John H Bowie
- Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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97
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Wang YZ, Zhao YQ, Wang YM, Zhao WH, Wang P, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant peptides from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) hydrolysate: Preparation, identification and cytoprotection on H2O2-induced oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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98
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Zhang X, Noisa P, Yongsawatdigul J. Identification and characterization of tilapia antioxidant peptides that protect AAPH-induced HepG2 cell oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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99
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Liu M, Zhang T, Liang X, Yuan Q, Zeng X, Wu Z, Pan D, Tao M, Guo Y. Production and transepithelial transportation of casein-derived peptides and identification a novel antioxidant peptide LHSMK. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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100
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Palma-Albino C, Intiquilla A, Jiménez-Aliaga K, Rodríguez-Arana N, Solano E, Flores E, Zavaleta AI, Izaguirre V, Hernández-Ledesma B. Albumin from Erythrina edulis (Pajuro) as a Promising Source of Multifunctional Peptides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1722. [PMID: 34829593 PMCID: PMC8615073 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional peptides, capable of acting on different body systems through multiple mechanisms of action, offer many advantages over monofunctional peptides, including lower adverse side effects and costs. Erythrina edulis (pajuro) is a legume with a large number of high-quality proteins, of which their potential as a source of antioxidant peptides has been recently reported. In this study, the behavior of these proteins under a sequential enzymatic hydrolysis with digestive and microbial enzymes was investigated by evaluating the multi-functionality of the hydrolyzates. The albumin hydrolyzates obtained after the action of pepsin, pancreatin, and Alcalase showed antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory activities. The radical scavenging properties of the hydrolyzate could be responsible for the potent protective effects observed in FeSO4-induced neuroblastoma cells. The findings support the role of pajuro protein as an ingredient of functional foods or nutraceuticals for health promotion and the prevention of oxidative stress, hypertension, and metabolic alteration-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleni Palma-Albino
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Arturo Intiquilla
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 946, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile
| | - Karim Jiménez-Aliaga
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Nathaly Rodríguez-Arana
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Estela Solano
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Eduardo Flores
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Víctor Izaguirre
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMIAS, Departament of Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 4559, Peru; (C.P.-A.); (A.I.); (N.R.-A.); (E.S.); (E.F.); (A.I.Z.); (V.I.)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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