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Zhao Y, Liu W, Bai X, Huang W, Gu Y, Chen S, Lan J. Highly water dispersible collagen/polyaniline nanocomposites with strong adhesion for electrochromic films with enhanced cycling stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124657. [PMID: 37119893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials have attracted extensive attention recently due to their versatile applications in smart windows, displays, antiglare rearview mirrors, and so on. Herein we report a new electrochromic composite prepared from collagen and polyaniline (PANI) through a self-assembly assisted co-precipitation method. The introduction of hydrophilic collagen macromolecules into PANI nanoparticles makes the collagen/PANI (C/PANI) nanocomposite obtain excellent dispersibility in water, which provides good environmental-friendly solution processability. Furthermore, the C/PANI nanocomposite exhibits excellent film-forming properties and adhesion to the ITO glass matrix. The resulting electrochromic film of the C/PANI nanocomposite displays significantly improved cycling stability compared with the pure PANI film after 500 coloring-bleaching cycles. On the other hand, the composite films also exhibit yellow, green and blue polychromatic properties at different applied voltages and high average transmittance at the bleaching state. The C/PANI electrochromic material illustrates scaling potential for the application of electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Chunliang Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield, Sinopec, BinZhou City 256504, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchun Gu
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianwu Lan
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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52
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Peng L, Su Y, Yang X, Sui G. A liquid metal/carbon nanotubes complex enabling ultra-fast polymerization of super-robust, stretchable adhesive hydrogels for highly sensitive sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:313-323. [PMID: 36746050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) usually served as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers for making nanocomposites have never been reported to play a role in accelerating fabrication of hydrogels. Herein, we report an important discovery that by involving CNTs and liquid metal (LM) to form a complex (LM@CNTs), multifunctional hydrogels are rapidly prepared from vinyl monomers without heating or adding any initiators and crosslinkers. Study results demonstrate that LM@CNTs not only performs as both initiator and crosslinker for synthesizing hydrogels, but also dramatically reduces the polymerization duration from 3 days to minute levels, compared with that of only LM involved in hydrogel fabrication. Specifically, the complex initiates (<60 s) and crosslinks (<8min) monomers to form the high-performance hydrogels, which significantly reduces energy consumptions. The resulting polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel possesses super stretchability (∼1200 %), high tensile strength (0.96 MPa), outstanding strain sensitivity (Gauge factor = 15.40 at 300-500 % strain), and excellent adhesion to various substrate surfaces. Additionally, the injectable molding performance will benefit the mass production of the hydrogels, which exhibits great potential for applications of wearable flexible sensors. This study provides an environmentally friendly, rapid polymerization, and energy-saving strategy by effectively applying nano-fillers for viable fabrication and application of multifunctional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaotian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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53
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Flynn CD, Chang D, Mahmud A, Yousefi H, Das J, Riordan KT, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Biomolecular sensors for advanced physiological monitoring. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-16. [PMID: 37359771 PMCID: PMC10173248 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Body-based biomolecular sensing systems, including wearable, implantable and consumable sensors allow comprehensive health-related monitoring. Glucose sensors have long dominated wearable bioanalysis applications owing to their robust continuous detection of glucose, which has not yet been achieved for other biomarkers. However, access to diverse biological fluids and the development of reagentless sensing approaches may enable the design of body-based sensing systems for various analytes. Importantly, enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of biomolecular sensors is essential for biomarker detection in complex physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss approaches for the signal amplification of biomolecular sensors, including techniques to overcome Debye and mass transport limitations, and selectivity improvement, such as the integration of artificial affinity recognition elements. We highlight reagentless sensing approaches that can enable sequential real-time measurements, for example, the implementation of thin-film transistors in wearable devices. In addition to sensor construction, careful consideration of physical, psychological and security concerns related to body-based sensor integration is required to ensure that the transition from the laboratory to the human body is as seamless as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Dingran Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alam Mahmud
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Hanie Yousefi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Kimberly T. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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54
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Gong T, Li ZN, Liang H, Li Y, Tang X, Chen F, Hu Q, Wang H. High-Sensitivity Wearable Sensor Based On a MXene Nanochannel Self-Adhesive Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19349-19361. [PMID: 37036936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To address the shortcomings of traditional filler-based wearable hydrogels, a new type of nanochannel hydrogel sensor is fabricated in this work through a combination of the unique structure of electrospun fiber textile and the properties of a double network hydrogel. Unlike the traditional Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hydrogels, the continuously distributed Ti3C2Tx MXene in the nanochannels of the hydrogel forms a tightly interconnected structure similar to the neuron network. As a result, they have more free space to flip and perform micromovements, which allows one to significantly increase the electrical conductivity and sensitivity of the hydrogel. According to the findings, the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanochannel hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties as well as self-adhesion and antifreezing characteristics. The hydrogel sensor successfully detects different human motions and physiological signals (e.g., low pulse signals) with high stability and sensitivity. Therefore, the proposed Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hydrogel with a unique structure and properties is very promising in the field of flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zo Ngyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Huanyi Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Youming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xia Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fengyue Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - HongQing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Zhan W, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Yang Z, Peng N, Jiang Z, Liu M, Zhang X. Carboxymethylcellulose reinforced, double-network hydrogel-based strain sensor with superior sensing stability for long-term monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124536. [PMID: 37085065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based strain sensors have garnered significant attention for their potential for human health monitoring. However, its practical application has been hindered by water loss, freezing, and structural impairment during long-term motion monitoring. Here, a strain sensor based on double-network (DN) hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAAm)/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was developed in a ternary solvent system of lithium chloride (LiCl)/ethylene glycol (EG)/H2O through a facile one-pot radical polymerization strategy. The incorporation of EG effectively mitigated the hydration of lithium salts by generating stable ion clusters with Li+ and stronger hydrogen bonds within the polymer matrix. The sensor demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, including a stretchability of 1858 %, toughness of 1.80 MJ/m3, and recoverability of 102 %. Furthermore, the LiCl/EG/H2O ternary system resulted in high conductivity, excellent anti-freezing performance, and superior sensing stability. In addition, the sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity, enabling the monitoring of human movements ranging from subtle to significant deformations, including throat motion and bending of the elbow, wrist, finger, and lower limb. This study presents a viable approach for constructing hydrogel-based strain sensors with exceptional sensing stability for long-term tracking of human motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Zihao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China.
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56
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Li J, Ding Q, Wang H, Wu Z, Gui X, Li C, Hu N, Tao K, Wu J. Engineering Smart Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Disease Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:105. [PMID: 37060483 PMCID: PMC10105367 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely. During the health monitoring process, different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Fu C, Shen L, Liu L, Tao P, Zhu L, Zeng Z, Ren T, Wang G. Hydrogel with Robust Adhesion in Various Liquid Environments by Electrostatic-Induced Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymer Chains Migration and Rearrangement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211237. [PMID: 36662770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels with wet adhesion are promising interfacial adhesive materials; however, their adhesion in water, oil, or organic solvents remains a major challenge. To address this, a pressure-sensitive P(AAm-co-C18 )/PTA-Fe hydrogel is fabricated, which exhibits robust adhesion to various substrates in both aqueous solutions and oil environments. It is demonstrated that the key to wet adhesion under liquid conditions is the removal of the interfacial liquid, which can be achieved through rational molecular composition regulation. By complexing with hydrophilic polymer networks, phosphotungstic acid (PTA) is introduced into the hydrogel network as a physical cross-linker and anchor point to improve the cohesion strength and drive the migration of polymer chains. The migration and rearrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains on the hydrogel surface are induced by the electrostatic interactions of Fe3+ , which create a surface with interfacial water- and oil-removing properties. By co-regulating the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains, the P(AAm-co-C18 )/PTA-Fe hydrogel is able to act as a pressure-sensitive adhesive under water and oils with adhesion strength of 92.6 and 90.0 kPa, respectively. It is anticipated that this regulation strategy for polymer chains will promote the development of wet adhesion hydrogels, which can have a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Luli Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Tianhui Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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Hu L, Chee PL, Sugiarto S, Yu Y, Shi C, Yan R, Yao Z, Shi X, Zhi J, Kai D, Yu HD, Huang W. Hydrogel-Based Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205326. [PMID: 36037508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and biology. However, the broad applications of flexible electronics are still restricted due to several limitations, including high Young's modulus, poor biocompatibility, and poor responsiveness. Innovative materials aiming for overcoming these drawbacks and boost its practical application is highly desirable. Hydrogel is a class of 3D crosslinked hydrated polymer networks, and its exceptional material properties render it as a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible electronics. Here, the latest methods of synthesizing advanced functional hydrogels and the state-of-art applications of hydrogel-based flexible electronics in various fields are reviewed. More importantly, the correlation between properties of the hydrogel and device performance is discussed here, to have better understanding of the development of flexible electronics by using environmentally responsive hydrogels. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in the development of hydrogel-based multifunctional flexible electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Chuanqian Shi
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ren Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiacai Zhi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Lin X, Lu J, Huang Z, Sun P, Zhang Y, Xu X, Li Q, Liu H. Dual-network polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide/xanthan gum ionic conductive hydrogels for flexible electronic devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123573. [PMID: 36754269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) have received widespread attention as an ideal candidate for flexible electronic devices. However, conventional ICHs failed in widespread applications due to their inability to simultaneously possess high toughness, high ionic conductivity, and anti-freezing properties. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were first dissolved in the zinc chloride solution, in which zinc ions (Zn2+) act as ionic cross-linkers and conducting ions, followed by the introduction of xanthan gum (XG) with a unique structure of trisaccharide side chains into the PVA/PAAm semi-interpenetrating network to prepare a dual-network ICHs (refers as PPXZ). Enabled by the synergistic effect of intermolecular chemical covalent cross-linking and physical cross-linking, PPXZ hydrogels exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties without sacrificing electrical conductivity. Furthermore, PPXZ hydrogels are successfully applied to flexible electronic devices, such as strain sensors and zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors, exhibiting satisfactory sensing sensitivity and cycling stability at a wide temperature range, respectively. Even at a high current density (10 A g-1), the capacity of the supercapacitor retains 88.24 % after 10,000 cycles. This strategy provides new insight for ICHs in wide temperature-applied flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Lin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Penghao Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Luo Y, Abidian MR, Ahn JH, Akinwande D, Andrews AM, Antonietti M, Bao Z, Berggren M, Berkey CA, Bettinger CJ, Chen J, Chen P, Cheng W, Cheng X, Choi SJ, Chortos A, Dagdeviren C, Dauskardt RH, Di CA, Dickey MD, Duan X, Facchetti A, Fan Z, Fang Y, Feng J, Feng X, Gao H, Gao W, Gong X, Guo CF, Guo X, Hartel MC, He Z, Ho JS, Hu Y, Huang Q, Huang Y, Huo F, Hussain MM, Javey A, Jeong U, Jiang C, Jiang X, Kang J, Karnaushenko D, Khademhosseini A, Kim DH, Kim ID, Kireev D, Kong L, Lee C, Lee NE, Lee PS, Lee TW, Li F, Li J, Liang C, Lim CT, Lin Y, Lipomi DJ, Liu J, Liu K, Liu N, Liu R, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Loh XJ, Lu N, Lv Z, Magdassi S, Malliaras GG, Matsuhisa N, Nathan A, Niu S, Pan J, Pang C, Pei Q, Peng H, Qi D, Ren H, Rogers JA, Rowe A, Schmidt OG, Sekitani T, Seo DG, Shen G, Sheng X, Shi Q, Someya T, Song Y, Stavrinidou E, Su M, Sun X, Takei K, Tao XM, Tee BCK, Thean AVY, Trung TQ, Wan C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang S, Wang T, Wang ZL, Weiss PS, Wen H, Xu S, Xu T, Yan H, Yan X, Yang H, Yang L, Yang S, Yin L, Yu C, Yu G, Yu J, Yu SH, Yu X, Zamburg E, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Zheng YQ, Zheng Z, Zhou T, Zhu B, Zhu M, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zou G, Chen X. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5211-5295. [PMID: 36892156 PMCID: PMC11223676 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Berkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800
| | - Xu Cheng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Seon-Jin Choi
- Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Chortos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xue Feng
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Xiwen Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Youfan Hu
- School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | | | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Cuiyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Ren Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron Rowe
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
- Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Wan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- the Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No.701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanqi Wen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China 314000
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Zhao Z, Hu YP, Liu KY, Yu W, Li GX, Meng CZ, Guo SJ. Recent Development of Self-Powered Tactile Sensors Based on Ionic Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030257. [PMID: 36975706 PMCID: PMC10048595 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with excellent flexibility. In recent years, ionic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the development of tactile sensors owing to their unique properties, such as ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. These features enable ionic hydrogel-based tactile sensors with exceptional performance in detecting human body movement and identifying external stimuli. Currently, there is a pressing demand for the development of self-powered tactile sensors that integrate ionic conductors and portable power sources into a single device for practical applications. In this paper, we introduce the basic properties of ionic hydrogels and highlight their application in self-powered sensors working in triboelectric, piezoionic, ionic diode, battery, and thermoelectric modes. We also summarize the current difficulty and prospect the future development of ionic hydrogel self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yong-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Guo-Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chui-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shi-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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62
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Liu X, Bai Y, Zhao X, Chen J, Chen X, Yang W. Conductive and self-healing hydrogel for flexible electrochemiluminescence sensor. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:123. [PMID: 36892601 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
A flexible electrochemiluminescence (ECL) hydrogel sensor exhibiting good self-healing was constructed. A transparent self-healing oxidized sodium alginate/hydrazide polyethylene glycol (OSA/PEG-DH) hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking dynamic covalent acylhydrazone bond. The introduction of 4-amino-DL-phenylalanine, a catalyst with good biocompatibility, allows rapid gelation and self-healing of hydrogel under mild conditions. Using the hydrogel as the sensing substrate, the ionic liquid (IL) 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride and the luminescent reagent N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) were simultaneously immobilized in the OSA/PEG-DH hydrogel to obtain the ABEI/IL/OSA/PEG-DH hydrogel. The ABEI/IL/OSA/PEG-DH hydrogel can be directly used as a semi-solid electrolyte for constructing a flexible ECL hydrogel sensor for the detection of H2O2, which acted as a coreactant of ABEI. The prepared flexible ECL sensor showed good self-healing performance, can restore ECL signal intensity within 20 min after physical damage, and showed high accuracy in the analysis of complex serum samples. This research shed new light on the development of flexible ECL sensor for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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63
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Zhou L, Li Y, Xiao J, Chen SW, Tu Q, Yuan MS, Wang J. Liquid Metal-Doped Conductive Hydrogel for Construction of Multifunctional Sensors. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3811-3820. [PMID: 36747339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in wearable and stretchable multifunctional sensors has grown rapidly in recent years. The sensing elements must accurately detect external stimuli to expand their applicability as sensors. However, the sensor's self-healing and adhesion to a target object have been major challenges in developing such practical and versatile devices. In this study, we prepared a hydrogel (LM-SA-PAA) composed of liquid metal (LM), sodium alginate (SA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with ultrastretchable, excellent self-healing, self-adhesive, and high-sensitivity sensing capabilities that enable the conformal contact between the sensor and skin even during dynamic movements. The excellent self-healing performance of the hydrogel stems from its double cross-linked networks, including physical and chemical cross-linked networks. The physical cross-link formed by the ionic interaction between the carboxyl groups of PAA and gallium ions provide the hydrogel with reversible autonomous repair properties, whereas the covalent bond provides the hydrogel with a stable and strong chemical network. Alginate forms a microgel shell around LM nanoparticles via the coordination of its carboxyl groups with Ga ions. In addition to offering exceptional colloidal stability, the alginate shell has sufficient polar groups, ensuring that the hydrogel adheres to diverse substrates. Based on the efficient electrical pathway provided by the LM, the hydrogel exhibited strain sensitivity and enabled the detection of various human motions and electrocardiographic monitoring. The preparation method is simple and versatile and can be used for the low-cost fabrication of multifunctional sensors, which have broad application prospects in human-machine interface compatibility and medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanchang Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Wei Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Qin Tu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Sen Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
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64
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Flexible electroactive membranes for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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65
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Long Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu K, Cao L. Application of poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) −reinforced multifunctional poly (vinyl alcohol)/ polyaniline hydrogels as flexible sensor materials. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Zhu T, Ni Y, Biesold GM, Cheng Y, Ge M, Li H, Huang J, Lin Z, Lai Y. Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:473-509. [PMID: 36484322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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67
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Zeng W, Deng L, Yang G. Self-Healable Elastomeric Network with Dynamic Disulfide, Imine, and Hydrogen Bonds for Flexible Strain Sensor. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203478. [PMID: 36694013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-healable and stretchable elastomeric material is essential for the development of flexible electronics devices to ensure their stable performance. In this study, a strain sensor (PIH2 T1 -tri/CNT-3) composed of self-repairable crosslinked elastomer substrate (PIH2 T1 -tri, containing multiple reversible repairing sites such as disulfide, imine, and hydrogen bonds) and conductive layer (carbon nanotube, CNT) was prepared. The PIH2 T1 -tri elastomer had excellent self-healing ability (healing efficiency=91 %). It exhibited good mechanical integrity in terms of elongation at break (672 %), tensile strength (1.41 MPa). The Young's modulus (0.39 MPa) was close to that of human skin. The PIH2 T1 -tri/CNT-3 sensor also demonstrated an effective self-healing function for electrical conduction and sensing property. Meanwhile, it had high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF)=24.1), short response time (120 ms), and long-term durability (4000 cycles). This study offers a novel self-healable elastomer platform with carbon based conductive components to develop flexible strain sensors towards high performance soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyi Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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68
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Kaur B, Kumar S, Kaushik BK. Novel Wearable Optical Sensors for Vital Health Monitoring Systems-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020181. [PMID: 36831947 PMCID: PMC9954035 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are pioneering devices to monitor health issues that allow the constant monitoring of physical and biological parameters. The immunity towards electromagnetic interference, miniaturization, detection of nano-volumes, integration with fiber, high sensitivity, low cost, usable in harsh environments and corrosion-resistant have made optical wearable sensor an emerging sensing technology in the recent year. This review presents the progress made in the development of novel wearable optical sensors for vital health monitoring systems. The details of different substrates, sensing platforms, and biofluids used for the detection of target molecules are discussed in detail. Wearable technologies could increase the quality of health monitoring systems at a nominal cost and enable continuous and early disease diagnosis. Various optical sensing principles, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering, colorimetric, fluorescence, plasmonic, photoplethysmography, and interferometric-based sensors, are discussed in detail for health monitoring applications. The performance of optical wearable sensors utilizing two-dimensional materials is also discussed. Future challenges associated with the development of optical wearable sensors for point-of-care applications and clinical diagnosis have been thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.K.K.)
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69
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Zhong L, Dong Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Xu Z. Construction of strong and tough carboxymethyl cellulose-based oriented hydrogels by phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:79-89. [PMID: 36460246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention because they are similar to natural hydrogel-like materials and exhibit superiority and new functions that isotropic hydrogels cannot. Here, we fabricated strong and tough carboxymethyl cellulose-based conductive hydrogels with oriented hierarchical structures through pre-stretching, solvent displacement induced phase separation, and subsequent ionic crosslinking immobilization. Solvent displacement made the pre-stretched carboxymethyl cellulose-based polymer network more dense and linear, while the toughness of the hydrogel was further improved under the effect of phase separation. Strong and tough hydrogels were prepared by combining pre-stretching and phase separation; the variation range (tensile strength of 2.24-6.19 MPa and toughness of 19.41-22.92 MJ/m3) can be adjusted by the stretching ratio. Compared with traditional carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogels, the tensile strength and toughness were increased by 49 times and 15 times, respectively. In addition, the hydrogels had good underwater stability, ion cross-linking made the hydrogels have good conductivity, and the directional stratification structure gave the hydrogels conductive anisotropy. These characteristics give hydrogel sensors broad application prospects in flexible wearable devices, anisotropic sensors, and intelligent underwater devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaoji Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanquan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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70
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Zhou X, Cao W. Flexible and Stretchable Carbon-Based Sensors and Actuators for Soft Robots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36678069 PMCID: PMC9864711 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
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71
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Liu H, Feng Y, Che S, Guan L, Yang X, Zhao Y, Fang L, Zvyagin AV, Lin Q. An Electroconductive Hydrogel Scaffold with Injectability and Biodegradability to Manipulate Neural Stem Cells for Enhancing Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:86-97. [PMID: 36512504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) generally leads to long-term functional deficits and is difficult to repair spontaneously. Many biological scaffold materials and stem cell treatment strategies have been explored, but very little research focused on the method of combining exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) with a biodegradable conductive hydrogel scaffold. Here, a NSC loaded conductive hydrogel scaffold (named ICH/NSCs) was assembled by amino-modified gelatin (NH2-Gelatin) and aniline tetramer grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid (AT-OHA). Desirably, the well-conducting ICH/NSCs can be simply injected into the target site of SCI for establishing a good electrical signal pathway of cells, and the proper degradation cycle facilitates new nerve growth. In vitro experiments indicated that the inherent electroactive microenvironment of the hydrogel could better manipulate the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and inhibit the formation of glial cells and scars. Collectively, the ICH/NSC scaffold has successfully stimulated the recovery of SCI and may provide a promising treatment strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Songtian Che
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Andrei V Zvyagin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603105, Russia
| | - Quan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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72
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Wearable artificial intelligence biosensor networks. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114825. [PMID: 36306563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The demand for high-quality healthcare and well-being services is remarkably increasing due to the ageing global population and modern lifestyles. Recently, the integration of wearables and artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted extensive academic and technological attention for its powerful high-dimensional data processing of wearable biosensing networks. This work reviews the recent developments in AI-assisted wearable biosensing devices in disease diagnostics and fatigue monitoring demonstrating the trend towards personalised medicine with highly efficient, cost-effective, and accurate point-of-care diagnosis by finding hidden patterns in biosensing data and detecting abnormalities. The reliability of adaptive learning and synthetic data and data privacy still need further investigation to realise personalised medicine in the next decade. Due to the worldwide popularity of smartphones, they have been utilised for sensor readout, wireless data transfer, data processing and storage, result display, and cloud server communication leading to the development of smartphone-based biosensing systems. The recent advances have demonstrated a promising future for the healthcare system because of the increasing data processing power, transfer efficiency and storage capacity and diversifying functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
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73
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Han F, Xie X, Wang T, Cao C, Li J, Sun T, Liu H, Geng S, Wei Z, Li J, Xu F. Wearable Hydrogel-Based Epidermal Sensor with Thermal Compatibility and Long Term Stability for Smart Colorimetric Multi-Signals Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201730. [PMID: 36259562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wearable epidermal sensors (HWESs) have attracted widespread attention in health monitoring, especially considering their colorimetric readout capability. However, it remains challenging for HWESs to work at extreme temperatures with long term stability due to the existence of water. Herein, a wearable transparent epidermal sensor with thermal compatibility and long term stability for smart colorimetric multi-signals monitoring is developed, based on an anti-freezing and anti-drying hydrogel with high transparency (over 90% transmittance), high stretchability (up to 1500%) and desirable adhesiveness to various kinds of substrates. The hydrogel consists of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, and tannic acid-coated cellulose nanocrystals in glycerin/water binary solvents. When glycerin readily forms strong hydrogen bonds with water, the hydrogel exhibits outstanding thermal compatibility. Furthermore, the hydrogel maintains excellent adhesion, stretchability, and transparency after long term storage (45 days) or at subzero temperatures (-20 °C). For smart colorimetric multi-signals monitoring, the freestanding smart colorimetric HWESs are utilized for simultaneously monitoring the pH, T and light, where colorimetric signals can be read and stored by artificial intelligence strategies in a real time manner. In summary, the developed wearable transparent epidermal sensor holds great potential for monitoring multi-signals with visible readouts in long term health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueyong Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tiansong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Juju Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tianying Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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74
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Li Z, LeBlanc J, Kumar H, Zhang H, Yang W, He X, Lu Q, Van Humbeck J, Kim K, Hu J. Super-Anti-Freezing, Tough and Adhesive Titanium Carbide and L-Ornithine-Enhanced Hydrogels. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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75
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Dong X, Ge Y, Li K, Li X, Liu Y, Xu D, Wang S, Gu X. A high-pressure resistant ternary network hydrogel based flexible strain sensor with a uniaxially oriented porous structure toward gait detection. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9231-9241. [PMID: 36427226 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gait abnormalities have been widely investigated in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve a comfortable, convenient, sensitive and high-pressure resistant flexible gait detection sensor for real-time health monitoring. In this work, a polyaniline (PANI)@(polyacrylic acid (PAA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) (PANI@(PVA-PAA)) ternary network hydrogel with a uniaxially oriented porous featured structure was successfully prepared using a simple freeze-thaw method and in situ polymerization. The PANI@(PVA-PAA) hydrogel shows excellent compressive mechanical properties (423.44 kPa), favorable conductivity (2.02 S m-1) and remarkable durability (500 loading-unloading cycle), and can sensitively detect the effect of pressure with a fast response time (200 ms). The PANI@(PVA-PAA) hydrogel assembled into a flexible sensor can effectively identify the movement state of the shoulder, knee and even the sole of the plantar for gait detection. The uniaxially oriented porous structure enables the hydrogel-based sensor to have a high rate of change in the longitudinal direction and can effectively distinguish various gaits. The construction of a hydrogen bond between PANI and the PVA-PAA hydrogel ensures the uniform distribution of PANI in the hydrogel to form a ternary network structure, which improves the pressure resistance and conductivity of the PANI@(PVA-PAA) hydrogel. Thus, PANI@(PVA-PAA) hydrogel flexible sensor for gait detection can not only effectively monitor some serious diseases but also detect some unscientific exercise in people's daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, China.
| | - Yaqing Ge
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, China.
| | - Keyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, China.
| | - Dongyu Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, China
| | - Shoude Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, China.
| | - Xiangling Gu
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, China.
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76
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Jiang Z, Shi X, Qiao F, Sun J, Hu Q. Multistimuli-Responsive PNIPAM-Based Double Cross-Linked Conductive Hydrogel with Self-Recovery Ability for Ionic Skin and Smart Sensor. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5239-5252. [PMID: 36354756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multistimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels have been appealing candidates for multifunctional ionic skin. However, the fabrication of the multistimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels with satisfactory mechanical property to meet the practical applications is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)/alginate/hectorite clay Laponite XLS (PNIPAM-SA/ALG/XLS) double cross-linked hydrogel with excellent mechanical property, self-recovery ability, temperature/pH-responsive ability, and strain/temperature-sensitive conductivity was fabricated. The PNSAX hydrogel possessed a moderate tensile strength of 290 kPa at a large elongation rate of 1120% and an excellent compression strength of 2.72 MPa at 90%. The hydrogel also possessed excellent mechanical repeatability and self-recovery ability. Thus, the hydrogel could withstand repetitive deformations for long time periods. Additionally, the hydrogel could change its transparency and volume once at a temperature of 44 °C and change its volume at different pHs. Thus, the visual temperature/pH-responsive ability allowed the hydrogel to qualitatively harvest environmental information. Moreover, the hydrogel possessed an excellent conductivity of 0.43 S/m, and the hydrogel could transform large/subtle deformation and temperature information into electrical signal change. Thus, the ultrafast strain/temperature-sensitive conductivity allowed the hydrogel to quantitatively detect large/small-scale human motions as well as environmental temperature. A cytotoxicity test confirmed the good cytocompatibility. Taken together, the hydrogel was suitable for human motion detecting and environmental information harvesting for long time periods. Therefore, the hydrogel has a great application potential as a multifunctional ionic skin and smart sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xuanyu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Fenghui Qiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Jingzhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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77
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A Low-modulus, Adhesive, and Highly Transparent Hydrogel for Multi-use Flexible Wearable Sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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78
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Peptide-enhanced tough, resilient and adhesive eutectogels for highly reliable strain/pressure sensing under extreme conditions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6671. [PMID: 36335147 PMCID: PMC9637226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural gels and biomimetic hydrogel materials have been able to achieve outstanding integrated mechanical properties due to the gain of natural biological structures. However, nearly every natural biological structure relies on water as solvents or carriers, which limits the possibility in extreme conditions, such as sub-zero temperatures and long-term application. Here, peptide-enhanced eutectic gels were synthesized by introducing α-helical "molecular spring" structure into deep eutectic solvent. The gel takes full advantage of the α-helical structure, achieving high tensile/compression, good resilience, superior fracture toughness, excellent fatigue resistance and strong adhesion, while it also inherits the benefits of the deep eutectic solvent and solves the problems of solvent volatilization and freezing. This enables unprecedentedly long and stable sensing of human motion or mechanical movement. The electrical signal shows almost no drift even after 10,000 deformations for 29 hours or in the -20 °C to 80 °C temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ying Guan
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- grid.410561.70000 0001 0169 5113School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387 P. R. China
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79
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Li X, Cao L, Chen LP. Multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogels based on gelatin and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid as strain sensors. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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80
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Huang H, Feng Y, Yang X, Shen Y. Natural gum-based electronic ink with water-proofing self-healing and easy-cleaning properties for directly on-skin electronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114547. [PMID: 35820252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On-skin electronic systems, which can facilitate noninvasive continuous acquisition of low-artifact physiological signals, are a promising technique for future wearable devices in healthcare. Inspired by the nature of Arabic gum (AG), we developed a costless, easy-to-prepare, easy-to-use, and environment-friendly electronic ink (E-ink) that can be used to construct multiform on-skin electronic systems through simple painting or stamping. In addition to its competitive electrical properties, the E-ink has the following advantages: waterproof (0.5 m/s water flushing for 10 s), self-healing (1.5 mm wide wound), and easy-cleaning (can be easily removed using cotton ball with 5% surfactant), making it environmentally tolerant and highly reliable for practical use. We demonstrated that our E-ink can act as electric wires for epidermal circuits, sensors to handle a variety of physiological data measurements. This research provides an effective strategy for direct integration of electronics and skin, which can accelerate the realization of the next generation of imperceptible, scalable, cost-effective and customized wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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81
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Ru M, Hai AM, Wang L, Yan S, Zhang Q. Recent progress in silk-based biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:422-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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82
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Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Based Sensors: Synthesis and Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional (3D) porous polymer networks that can easily stabilize various nanoparticles. Loading noble metal nanoparticles into a 3D network of hydrogels can enhance the synergy of the components. It can also be modified to prepare intelligent materials that can recognize external stimuli. The combination of noble metal nanoparticles and hydrogels to produce modified or new composite materials has attracted considerable attention as to the use of these materials in sensors. However, there is limited review literature on nanoparticle–hydrogel-based sensors. This paper presents the detailed strategies of synthesis and design of the composites, and the latest applications of nanoparticle–hydrogel materials in the sensing field. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of nanoparticle–hydrogel-based sensors are proposed.
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83
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Yang J, Liu Z, Li K, Hao J, Guo Y, Guo M, Li Z, Liu S, Yin H, Shi X, Qin G, Sun G, Zhu L, Chen Q. Tough Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Antidrying Natural Globulin-Based Organohydrogels for Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39299-39310. [PMID: 35972900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are often used to fabricate strain sensors; however, they also suffer from freezing at low temperatures and become dry during long-time storage. Encapsulation of hydrogels with elastomers is one of the methods to solve these problems although the adhesion between hydrogels and elastomers is usually low. In this work, using bovine serum protein (BSA) as the natural globulin model and glycerol/H2O as the mixture solvent, BSA/polyacrylamide organohydrogels (BSA/PAAm OHGs) were prepared by a facile photopolymerization approach. At the optimal condition, BSA/PAAm OHG demonstrated not only high toughness but also tough adhesion properties, which could strongly adhere to various substrates, such as glass, metals, rigid polymeric materials (even poly(tetrafluoroethylene), i.e., PTFE), and soft elastomers. Moreover, BSA/PAAm OHG was flexible and showed tough adhesion at -20 °C. The toughening mechanism and the adhesive mechanism were proposed. On being encapsulated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), it illustrated good antidrying performance. After introducing a conductive filler, the encapsulated BSA/PAAm OHG could be used as a strain sensor to detect human motions. This work provides a better understanding of the adhesive mechanism of natural protein-based organohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Jiajia Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 352001, China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 352001, China
| | - Gang Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 352001, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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84
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Shi S, Liang J, Qu C, Chen S, Sheng B. Ramie Fabric Treated with Carboxymethylcellulose and Laser Engraved for Strain and Humidity Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081309. [PMID: 36014231 PMCID: PMC9414723 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wearable fabric sensors have attracted enormous attention due to their huge potential in human health and activity monitoring, human-machine interaction and the Internet of Things (IoT). Among natural fabrics, bast fabric has the advantage of high strength, good resilience and excellent permeability. Laser engraving, as a high throughput, patternable and mask-free method, was demonstrated to fabricate fabric sensors. In this work, we developed a simplified, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for engraving ramie fabric (a kind of bast fabric) directly by laser under an ambient atmosphere to prepare strain and humidity sensors. We used carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to pretreat ramie fabric before laser engraving and gained laser-carbonized ramie fabrics (LCRF) with high conductivity (65 Ω sq-1) and good permeability. The strain and humidity sensors had high sensitivity and good flexibility, which can be used for human health and activity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxuan Shi
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiao Liang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chenkai Qu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shangbi Chen
- Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence:
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85
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Yang P, Xiang S, Li R, Ruan H, Chen D, Zhou Z, Huang X, Liu Z. Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS with a Porous Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168895. [PMID: 36012160 PMCID: PMC9408232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable smart electronic products, high-performance wearable flexible strain sensors are urgently needed. In this paper, a flexible strain sensor device with Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS material added under a porous structure was designed and prepared. The effects of adding different sensing materials and a different number of dips with PEDOT:PSS on the device performance were investigated. The experiments show that the flexible strain sensor obtained by using Fe NWs, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS composite is dipped in polyurethane foam once and vacuum dried in turn with a local linearity of 98.8%, and the device was stable up to 3500 times at 80% strain. The high linearity and good stability are based on the three-dimensional network structure of polyurethane foam, combined with the excellent electrical conductivity of Fe NWs, the bridging and passivation effects of graphene, and the stabilization effect of PEDOT:PSS, which force the graphene-coated Fe NWs to adhere to the porous skeleton under the action of PEDOT:PSS to form a stable three-dimensional conductive network. Flexible strain sensor devices can be applied to smart robots and other fields and show broad application prospects in intelligent wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping’an Yang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Sha Xiang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Haibo Ruan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Dachao Chen
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Zhongbang Liu
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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86
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Wang Y, Sun B, Wei H, Li Y, Hu F, Du X, Chen J. Investigating immunosensor for determination of depression marker-Apo-A4 based on patterning AuNPs and N-Gr nanomaterials onto ITO-PET flexible electrodes with amplifying signal. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1224:340217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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87
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Nishat ZS, Hossain T, Islam MN, Phan HP, Wahab MA, Moni MA, Salomon C, Amin MA, Sina AAI, Hossain MSA, Kaneti YV, Yamauchi Y, Masud MK. Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107571. [PMID: 35620959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure-integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next-generation robust biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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88
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Im H, Heo E, Song DH, Park J, Park H, Kang K, Chang JB. Fabrication of heterogeneous chemical patterns on stretchable hydrogels using single-photon lithography. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4402-4413. [PMID: 35635476 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Curved hydrogel surfaces bearing chemical patterns are highly desirable in various applications, including artificial blood vessels, wearable electronics, and soft robotics. However, previous studies on the fabrication of chemical patterns on hydrogels employed two-photon lithography, which is still not widely accessible to most laboratories. This work demonstrates a new patterning technique for fabricating curved hydrogels with chemical patterns on their surfaces without two-photon microscopy. In this work, we show that exposing hydrogels in fluorophore solutions to single photons via confocal microscopy enables the patterning of fluorophores on hydrogels. By applying this technique to highly stretchable hydrogels, we demonstrate three applications: (1) improving pattern resolution by fabricating patterns on stretched hydrogels and then returning the hydrogels to their initial, unstretched length; (2) modifying the local stretchability of hydrogels at a microscale resolution; and (3) fabricating perfusable microchannels with chemical patterns by winding chemically patterned hydrogels around a template, embedding the hydrogels in a second hydrogel, and then removing the template. The patterning method demonstrated in this work may facilitate a better mimicking of the physicochemical properties of organs in tissue engineering and may be used to make hydrogel robots with specific chemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeseong Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunseok Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonbin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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89
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Outstanding temperature‐tolerant conductive polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel with ultra‐stretchability and good strain sensing performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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90
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Design of asymmetric-adhesion lignin-reinforced hydrogels based on disulfide bond crosslinking for strain sensing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:275-282. [PMID: 35594941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Soft and elastic polymer hydrogel materials are booming in the fields of wearable biomimetic skin, sensors, robotics, and bioelectrodes. Currently, many researchers are exploring new chemistries for the preparation of hydrogels to improve their performance. In the present study, we design and develop a strategy to prepare lignin reinforced hydrogels based on disulfide bond crosslinking mechanisms, and resultant hydrogels exhibit excellent stretchability, with tensile strain of up to 1085.4%, and high adhesion (with the highest T-peel strength of up to 432.2 N/m to pigskin). The underlying mechanism is based on the disulfide bonds that act as crosslinkers in the as-prepared hydrogel, and they can be easily cleaved and re-formed under mild conditions. Thanks to the presence of lignin, the as-obtained hydrogels also have excellent UV shielding effect. When assembled into a strain sensor, they can output stable and sensitive sensing signals, with gauge factor (GF) of 2.72 (strain: 0-72.8%). Furthermore, a simple and effective strategy to construct asymmetric adhesive hydrogels was adopted, which is based on directional soaking of the top portion of the hydrogel in a high-concentrated calcium chloride solution. The asymmetric hydrogel strain sensor transmits accurate and stable signals without the interference of various contaminants.
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91
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Huo P, Ding H, Tang Z, Liang X, Xu J, Wang M, Liang R, Sun G. Conductive silk fibroin hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating network with high toughness and fast self-recovery for strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:1-10. [PMID: 35577196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) hydrogels have been extensively studied in the fields of biomedicine and wearable devices in recent years due to their outstanding biocompatibility. However, the pure RSF hydrogels usually exhibited frangibility and low ductility, limiting their application in many aspects severely. Herein, we demonstrate a tough RSF/poly (N, N-dimethylallylamine) hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating network, which possesses good mechanical properties with high stretchability (εb = 900%), tensile strength (σb = 101.7 kPa), toughness (Wf = 516.7 kJ/m3) and tearing fracture energy (T = 407.3 J/m2). Besides, the gels show low residual strain in the cyclic tests and rapid self-recovery (80% toughness recovery within 5 min with the maximum strain of 400%). Moreover, the gels also show high ionic conductivity due to the incorporation of the NaCl and the hydrogel can act as an ideal candidate for strain sensor with high sensitivity (GF = 1.84), admirable linearity, and good durability (1000 cycles with the strain of 100%). When used as a wearable strain sensor for monitoring human movements, it also can detect small and large deformations with high sensitivity. It is expected that this work can provide a new strategy for the fabrication of smart RSF-based hydrogels and expand their application in multiple scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongyao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liang
- Foundation Department, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510725, China
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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92
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Zhu Q, Yang Y, Gao H, Xu LP, Wang S. Bioinspired superwettable electrodes towards electrochemical biosensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5069-5084. [PMID: 35655548 PMCID: PMC9093108 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superwettable materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and great promise in several fields. Recently, superwettable materials have injected new vitality into electrochemical biosensors. Superwettable electrodes exhibit unique advantages, including large electrochemical active areas, electrochemical dynamics acceleration, and optimized management of mass transfer. In this review, the electrochemical reaction process at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and some fundamental understanding of superwettable materials are discussed. Then progress in different electrodes has been summarized, including superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, superaerophilic, superaerophobic, and superwettable micropatterned electrodes, electrodes with switchable wettabilities, and electrodes with Janus wettabilities. Moreover, we also discussed the development of superwettable materials for wearable electrochemical sensors. Finally, our perspective for future research is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Yuemeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Hongxiao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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93
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Chang M, Liang D, Zhou F, Xue H, Zong H, Chen W, Zhou G. Photochromic and Electrochromic Hydrogels Based on Ammonium- and Sulfonate-Functionalized Thienoviologen Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15448-15460. [PMID: 35324166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium cations and sulfonate anions have been introduced as end-caps for alkyl viologens with thiophene-derived bridges. When the as-prepared thienoviologen derivatives are dispersed in polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels, photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) bifunctional hydrogels can be simply realized. The incorporated thiophene or ethylenedioxylthiophene bridge not only expands the photoresponse range but also stabilizes the photoinduced radical intermediate. Therefore, reversible PC and EC behaviors can be achieved for hydrogels containing thienoviologens N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (ATV), N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (STV), N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (AETV), and N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (SETV). On the contrary, no photochromism can be observed for PAAm hydrogels based on N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium tetrabromide (AV) and N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (SV) without thiophene bridges. Furthermore, no significant coloration difference can be observed between the hydrogels containing ammonium- and sulfonate-functionalized viologens. However, during repetitive cycles, the transmittance contrast losses of electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the hydrogels containing ammonium-modified viologens are lower than those for sulfonate-substituted viologens probably due to their larger number of cation-anion pairs and thus higher solubility in aqueous media. Typically, no observable difference can be found for unsealed ECDs after 15 days in ambient conditions. Additionally, a large-area ECD with a diameter of 10 cm has been facilely fabricated by simply sandwiching the EC hydrogels, and the transparency can be finely tuned upon applying different potentials. Overall, our findings may provide a new path to design multifunctional hydrogels with PC and EC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Chang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dingli Liang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Xue
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zong
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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94
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Highly mechanical properties, anti-freezing, and ionic conductive organohydrogel for wearable sensors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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95
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Zeng Z, Yu S, Guo C, Lu D, Geng Z, Pei D. Mxene reinforced supramolecular hydrogels with high strength, stretchability and reliable conductivity for sensitive strain sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200103. [PMID: 35319127 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels used as electronics have received much attention due to their great flexibility and stretchability. However, the fabrication of ideal conductive hydrogels fulfilling with excellent mechanical properties and outstanding sensitivity remains a great challenge until now. Moreover, high sensitivity and broad linearity range are pivotal for the feasibility and accuracy of hydrogel sensors. In this study, a conductive supramolecular hydrogel was engineered by directly mixing the aqueous dispersion of MXene with the precursor of N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) monomer and then rapidly photo cross-linked by UV irradiation. The resultant PNAGA/MXene hydrogel-sensors exhibited high mechanical strength (4.8 MPa), great stretchability (630%), and excellent durability. The conductive hydrogel-based sensor presented excellent conductivity (17.3 S·m-1 ) and a wide scope of linear dependence of sensitivity on strain (0-125%, gauge factor = 2.05). It displayed reliable detection of various motions, including repeated subtle movements and large strain. It was also showed good degradation in vitro and antifouling capability. This work may provide a simple and promising platform for engineering conductive supramolecular hydrogels with integrated high performance aiming for smart wearable electronics, electronic skin, soft robots, and human-machine interfacing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zeng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Daohuan Lu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Zhijie Geng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Dating Pei
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
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96
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Fan X, Zhao L, Ling Q, Gu H. Tough, Self-Adhesive, Antibacterial, and Recyclable Supramolecular Double Network Flexible Hydrogel Sensor Based on PVA/Chitosan/Cyclodextrin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiangjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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97
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Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors.
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98
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Nguyen NT, Jennings J, Milani AH, Martino CDS, Nguyen LTB, Wu S, Mokhtar MZ, Saunders JM, Gautrot JE, Armes SP, Saunders BR. Highly Stretchable Conductive Covalent Coacervate Gels for Electronic Skin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1423-1432. [PMID: 35188757 PMCID: PMC9098112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable electrically conductive hydrogels have been extensively researched in recent years, especially for applications in strain and pressure sensing, electronic skin, and implantable bioelectronic devices. Herein, we present a new cross-linked complex coacervate approach to prepare conductive hydrogels that are both highly stretchable and compressive. The gels involve a complex coacervate between carboxylated nanogels and branched poly(ethylene imine), whereby the latter is covalently cross-linked by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). Inclusion of graphene nanoplatelets (Gnp) provides electrical conductivity as well as tensile and compressive strain-sensing capability to the hydrogels. We demonstrate that judicious selection of the molecular weight of the PEGDGE cross-linker enables the mechanical properties of these hydrogels to be tuned. Indeed, the gels prepared with a PEGDGE molecular weight of 6000 g/mol defy the general rule that toughness decreases as strength increases. The conductive hydrogels achieve a compressive strength of 25 MPa and a stretchability of up to 1500%. These new gels are both adhesive and conformal. They provide a self-healable electronic circuit, respond rapidly to human motion, and can act as strain-dependent sensors while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. Our new approach to conductive gel preparation is efficient, involves only preformed components, and is scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Nguyen
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - James Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Amir H Milani
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Chiara D S Martino
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Linh T B Nguyen
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, U.K
| | - Shanglin Wu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jennifer M Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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99
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xia S, Gao Y, Gao G. Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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100
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Ye S, Ma W, Shao W, Ejeromedoghene O, Fu G, Kang M. Gradient dynamic cross-linked photochromic multifunctional polyelectrolyte hydrogels for visual display and information storage application. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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