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Wachter N, Aquino JM, Denadai M, Barreiro JC, Silva AJ, Cass QB, Bocchi N, Rocha-Filho RC. Electrochemical degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in a flow reactor using distinct BDD anodes: Reaction kinetics, identification and toxicity of the degradation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:461-470. [PMID: 31228848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The performances of distinct BDD anodes (boron doping of 100, 500 and 2500 ppm, with sp3/sp2 carbon ratios of 215, 325, and 284, respectively) in the electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin - CIP (0.5 L of 50 mg L-1 in 0.10 M Na2SO4, at 25 °C) were comparatively assessed using a recirculating flow system with a filter-press reactor. Performance was assessed by monitoring the CIP and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, oxidation intermediates, and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli as a function of electrolysis time. CIP removal was strongly affected by the solution pH (kept fixed), flow conditions, and current density; similar trends were obtained independently of the BDD anode used, but the BDD100 anode yielded the best results. Enhanced mass transport was achieved at a low flow rate by promoting the solution turbulence within the reactor. The fastest complete CIP removal (within 20 min) was attained at j = 30 mA cm-2, pH = 10.0, and qV = 2.5 L min-1 + bypass turbulence promotion. TOC removal was practically accomplished only after 10 h of electrolysis, with quite similar performances by the distinct BDD anodes. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified (263 ≤ m/z ≤ 348), whereas only two terminal oxidation intermediates were detected (oxamic and formic acids). The antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed CIP solution was almost completely removed within 10 h of electrolysis. The characteristics of the BDD anodes only had a marked effect on the CIP removal rate (best performance by the least-doped anode), contrasting with other data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihara Wachter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mario Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Denadai
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100,Ed. Química Ambiental, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson José Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nerilso Bocchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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52
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Garcia-Segura S, Mostafa E, Baltruschat H. Electrogeneration of inorganic chloramines on boron-doped diamond anodes during electrochemical oxidation of ammonium chloride, urea and synthetic urine matrix. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:107-117. [PMID: 31136845 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous presence of chloride in water effluents may result in the unavoidable electrogeneration of active chlorine species when considering the application of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes as water treatment technologies. However, less attention has been drawn to the subsequent generation of other combined chlorine species such as chloramines. In this work, the electrogeneration of chloramines has been assessed in different water matrices containing NHCl4, urea or synthetic urine. The yield of chloramines has been followed in-situ by differential electrochemistry mass spectroscopy (DEMS) during electrochemical advanced oxidation process with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes. Furthermore, the influence of several variables such as chloride concentration, pH or organics concentration on the different distribution of inorganic monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine released as products has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ehab Mostafa
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53117 Bonn, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
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53
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Liu XC, Li WQ, Wang YR, Zhou GN, Wang YX, He CS, Wang GM, Mu Y. Cathode-Introduced Atomic H* for Fe(II)-Complex Regeneration to Effective Electro-Fenton Process at a Natural pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6927-6936. [PMID: 31117534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of iron solubility using ligands is the preliminary step in the homogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process at a mild pH, but the chelate efficiencies of most organic ligands are unsatisfactory, resulting in insufficient Fe(II) availability. In this study, atomic H* was, for the first time, introduced to the EF process to accelerate the regeneration of the Fe(II)-complex at a mild pH using a Ni-deposited carbon felt (Ni-CF) cathode. The introduction of atomic H* significantly elevated total organic carbon (TOC) abatement of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from 42% (CF) to 81% (Ni-CF) at a natural pH. In the presence of humic acids (HAs), atomic H* introduced via Ni-CF enhanced the CIP degradation rate to 10 times that of the CF at a mild pH. The electron spin resonance (ESR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, electrochemical characterization, and in situ electrochemical Raman study clearly demonstrated that the atomic H* generated from the Ni-CF cathode was highly efficient at reducing Fe(III)-complexes at a natural pH. Additionally, the Ni-CF could generate atomic H* without significant nickel leaching. Thus, the atomic H* could continuously facilitate iron cycling and, consequently, enhance pollutant mineralization via the homogeneous EF process at a mild pH in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Guan-Nan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Gong-Ming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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54
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Li G, Zhou S, Shi Z, Meng X, Li L, Liu B. Electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin on BDD anode using a differential column batch reactor: mechanisms, kinetics and pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17740-17750. [PMID: 31030395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of electrochemical oxidation system was employed for the degradation of refractory contaminants. In this study, a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode/Ti cathode equipped in the differential column batch reactor (DCBR) was utilized for electrochemical oxidation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The feed solution within the DCBR system was confirmed as a uniform flow state through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis. The results showed that the BDD anode/Ti cathode electrochemical system was with a high efficiency oxidation performance when treating the CIP contaminant. The CIP was completely degraded within 20 min, and over 50% DOC removed after 120 min. Therefore, two-stage electrochemical oxidation mechanism was proposed. Four major factors, the initial concentration, current density, pH, and electrolyte concentration, on the CIP degradation efficiency were systematically investigated. The CIP degradation curve followed pseudo first-order degradation kinetics. The electric efficiency per order (EE/O) of the electrochemical oxidation system was calculated to determine an optimal operation condition. Moreover, the oxidation intermediates were identified with a mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the degradation pathways were proposed in this study. The destruction of quinolone moiety and piperazine ring and fluorine substitution were the three possible degradation pathways during BDD anode oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Li
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Meng
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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55
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Removal of p-chloroaniline from polluted waters using a cathodic electrochemical ceramic membrane reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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56
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Zhang B, Chen M, Zhang C, He H. Electrochemical oxidation of gaseous benzene on a Sb-SnO 2/foam Ti nano-coating electrode in all-solid cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:780-789. [PMID: 30453275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An all-solid cell with a solid polymer electrolyte was applied to electrochemical oxidation of low-concentration indoor gaseous aromatic pollution. Antimony-doped tin dioxide nanocoatings deposited on a titanium foam substrate (Ti/Sb-SnO2) with different Sb/Sn ratios (4.8-14.0 mol%) and loading weight of Sb-SnO2 (4.4-7.7 mg cm-2) were used as dimensionally stable anodes. Sn and Sb were homogeneously dispersed on the substrate, and a crack-free nanocoating was built when the loading of nanocoating was increased to 6.3 mg cm-2. The activity tests for oxidation of benzene showed that 40 ppm gaseous benzene was converted to CO2 with high selectivity (85%) at the low cell voltage of 2.0 V in this all-solid cell. The conversion of benzene was greatly increased from 30% to 100% upon increasing the Sb/Sn ratio of the nanocoating from 4.7 mol% to 14.0 mol%. With the increase of nanocoating loading (Sb/Sn = 14.0 mol%) from 6.3 to 7.7 mg cm-2, the conversion of 100 ppm benzene was increased from 70% to 100%. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that high Sb content in the oxide nanocoating increased the overpotential and current intensity of the oxygen evolution reaction. The large outer charge qo∗ related to the electroactive surface of the SS-7.7/Ti3 electrode was up to 305.3 mC cm-2, which were responsible for its excellent electrochemical performance in the benzene oxidation process. Our studies provide a potential method for removal of indoor VOCs at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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57
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Wachter N, Aquino JM, Denadai M, Barreiro JC, Silva AJ, Cass QB, Rocha-Filho RC, Bocchi N. Optimization of the electrochemical degradation process of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin using a double-sided β-PbO 2 anode in a flow reactor: kinetics, identification of oxidation intermediates and toxicity evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4438-4449. [PMID: 29876851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin-CIP (50 mg L-1 in 0.10 mol L-1 Na2SO4) was investigated using a double-sided Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode in a filter-press flow reactor, with identification of oxidation intermediates and follow-up of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The effect of solution pH, flow rate, current density, and temperature on the CIP removal rate was evaluated. All of these parameters did affect the CIP removal performance; thus, optimized electrolysis conditions were further explored: pH = 10, qV = 6.5 L min-1, j = 30 mA cm-2, and θ = 25 °C. Therefore, CIP was removed within 2 h, whereas ~75% of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC) was removed after 5 h and then, the solution no longer presented antimicrobial activity. When the electrochemical degradation of CIP was investigated using a single-sided boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, its performance in TOC removal was similar to that of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode; considering the higher oxidation power of BDD, the surprisingly good comparative performance of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode was ascribed to significantly better hydrodynamic conditions attained in the filter-press reactor used with this electrode. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified by LC-MS/MS and completely removed after 4 h of electrolysis; since they have also been determined in other degradation processes, there must be similarities in the involved oxidation mechanisms. Five terminal oxidation intermediates (acetic, formic, oxamic, propionic, and succinic acids) were identified by LC-UV and all of them (except acetic acid) were removed after 10 h of electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihara Wachter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marina Denadai
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Nerilso Bocchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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58
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Zheng J, Yan K, Wu Z, Liu M, Wang Z. Effective Removal of Sulfanilic Acid From Water Using a Low-Pressure Electrochemical RuO 2-TiO 2@Ti/PVDF Composite Membrane. Front Chem 2018; 6:395. [PMID: 30238003 PMCID: PMC6135927 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of sulfanilic acid (SA) from water is an urgent but still challenging task. Herein, we developed a low pressure electrochemical membrane filtration (EMF) system for SA decontamination using RuO2-TiO2@Ti/PVDF composite membrane to serve as not only a filter but also an anode. Results showed that efficient removal of SA was achieved in this EMF system. At a charging voltage of 1.5 V and a electrolyte concentration of 15 mM, flow-through operation with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 h led to a high SA removal efficiency (80.4%), as expected from the improved contact reaction of this compound with ROS present at the anode surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis indicated that the direct anodic oxidation played a minor role in SA degradation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra demonstrated the production of •OH in the EMF system. Compared to the cathodic polarization, anodic generated ROS was more likely responsible for SA removal. Scavenging tests suggested that adsorbed •OH on the anode (>•OH) played a dominant role in SA degradation, while O2•- was an important intermediate oxidant which mediated the production of •OH. The calculated mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the flow-through operated system 29.3% with this value much higher than that of the flow-by mode (5.1%). As a consequence, flow-through operation contributed to efficient oxidation of SA toward CO2 and nontoxic carboxylic acids accounting for 71.2% of initial C. These results demonstrate the potential of the EMF system to be used as an effective technology for water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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59
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Carneiro JF, Aquino JM, Silva AJ, Barreiro JC, Cass QB, Rocha-Filho RC. The effect of the supporting electrolyte on the electrooxidation of enrofloxacin using a flow cell with a BDD anode: Kinetics and follow-up of oxidation intermediates and antimicrobial activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:674-681. [PMID: 29783052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of the supporting electrolyte - SE (Na2SO4; NaCl; Na2CO3; NaNO3; Na3PO4 - 0.1 M ionic strength) in the galvanostatic (10 mA cm-2) electrochemical degradation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENRO; 100 mg L-1) using a filter-press flow cell with a boron-doped diamond anode was investigated (flow rate, solution volume, and temperature were kept fixed at 420 L h-1, 1.0 L, and 25 °C, respectively). The electrochemical degradation performance with the different SEs was assessed by following up [ENRO], total organic carbon concentration (TOC), oxidation intermediates (detected by LC and LC-QqTOF), and antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli as the electrolyses progressed. With NaCl as SE, complete removal of ENRO was attained ∼10 times faster than with the other salts. The determination of terminal oxidation intermediates (short-chain carboxylic acids) produced during the electrolyses allowed concluding that their nature and number is indeed affected by the salt used as SE, most probably due to distinct electrogenerated oxidants. With NaCl, the antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed solution decreased gradually (to ∼20%) from 8 to 16 h of electrolysis due to the cleavage of the fluoroquinolone structure. On the other hand, with Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and NaNO3 as SEs the growth of Escherichia coli cells was observed only after ∼14 h, whereas it was completely inhibited with Na3PO4. Clearly, the electrooxidation and mineralization of ENRO is strongly affected by the SEs used, which determine the degradation mechanism and, consequently, the removal rates of the solution's organic load and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara F Carneiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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60
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Yang H, Zhou M, Yang W, Ren G, Ma L. Rolling-made gas diffusion electrode with carbon nanotube for electro-Fenton degradation of acetylsalicylic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:439-446. [PMID: 29758501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 production plays an important role in electro-Fenton process for pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) degradation. In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) was attempted to make a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) by rolling method to achieve a high H2O2 production and current efficiency, and it was further used as electro-Fenton cathode for the degradation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as one kind of PPCPs. The optimal amount of catalyst layer was 0.15 g CNT and 93.75 μL PTFE, obtaining the production of H2O2 of 805 mg L-1 in 0.05 mM Na2SO4 solution at 100 mA after 180 min. The degradation of ASA by electro-Fenton on such a CNT-GDE cathode was studied, and some important parameters such as current, pH as well as the dosage of Fe2+ were optimized. The degradation ratio of ASA could achieve almost 100% after 10 min and the TOC removal ratio was 62% at 1 h under the condition of 100 mA and pH 3, showing a great potential for the treatment of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Weilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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61
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Copete-Pertuz LS, Plácido J, Serna-Galvis EA, Torres-Palma RA, Mora A. Elimination of Isoxazolyl-Penicillins antibiotics in waters by the ligninolytic native Colombian strain Leptosphaerulina sp. considerations on biodegradation process and antimicrobial activity removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1195-1204. [PMID: 29554741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Leptosphaerulina sp. (a Colombian native fungus) significantly removed three Isoxazolyl-Penicillin antibiotics (IP): oxacillin (OXA, 16000 μg L-1), cloxacillin (CLX, 17500 μg L-1) and dicloxacillin (DCX, 19000 μg L-1) from water. The biological treatment was performed at pH 5.6, 28 °C, and 160 rpm for 15 days. The biotransformation process and lack of toxicity of the final solutions (antibacterial activity (AA) and cytotoxicity) were tested. The role of enzymes in IP removal was analysed through in vitro studies with enzymatic extracts (crude and pre-purified) from Leptosphaerulina sp., commercial enzymes and enzymatic inhibitors. Furthermore, the applicability of mycoremediation process to a complex matrix (simulated hospital wastewater) was evaluated. IP were considerably abated by the fungus, OXA was the fastest degraded (day 6), followed by CLX (day 7) and DCX (day 8). Antibiotics biodegradation was associated to laccase and versatile peroxidase action. Assays using commercial enzymes (i.e. laccase from Trametes versicolor and horseradish peroxidase) and inhibitors (EDTA, NaCl, sodium acetate, manganese (II) ions) confirmed the significant role of enzymatic transformation. Whereas, biomass sorption was not an important process in the antibiotics elimination. Evaluation of AA against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 revealed that Leptosphaerulina sp. also eliminated the AA. In addition, the cytotoxicity assay (MTT) on the HepG2 cell line demonstrated that the IP final solutions were non-toxic. Finally, Leptosphaerulina sp. eliminated OXA and its AA from synthetic hospital wastewater at 6 days. All these results evidenced the potential of Leptosphaerulina sp. mycoremediation as a novel environmentally friendly process for the removal of IP from aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledys S Copete-Pertuz
- Grupo de Investigación Producción Estructura y Aplicación de Biomoléculas (PROBIOM), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Calle 59A No 63-20, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jersson Plácido
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Amanda Mora
- Grupo de Investigación Producción Estructura y Aplicación de Biomoléculas (PROBIOM), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Calle 59A No 63-20, Medellín, Colombia.
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Shen B, Wen X, Korshin GV. Electrochemical oxidation of ciprofloxacin in two different processes: the electron transfer process on the anode surface and the indirect oxidation process in bulk solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:943-955. [PMID: 29756621 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the rotating disk electrode technique was used for the first time to investigate the effects of mass-transfer limitations and pH on the electrochemical oxidation of CPX, to determine the kinetics of CPX oxidation and to explore intrinsic mechanisms during the electron transfer process. Firstly, cyclic voltammetry revealed that an obvious irreversible CPX oxidation peak was observed within the potential window from 0.70 to 1.30 V at all pHs. Based on the Levich equation, the electrochemical oxidation of CPX in the electron transfer process was found to be controlled by both diffusion and kinetic processes when pH = 2, 5, 7 and 9; the diffusion coefficient of CPX at pH = 2 was calculated to be 1.5 × 10-7 cm2 s-1. Kinetic analysis indicated that the reaction on the electrode surface was adsorption-controlled compared to a diffusion process; the surface concentration of electroactive species was estimated to be 1.15 × 10-9 mol cm-2, the standard rate constant of the surface reaction was calculated to be 1.37 s-1, and CPX oxidation was validated to be a two-electron transfer process. Finally, a possible CPX oxidation pathway during the electron transfer process was proposed. The electrochemical degradation of CPX on a Ti-based anode was also conducted subsequently to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of CPX in the indirect oxidation process in bulk solutions. The effects of pH and current density were determined and compared to related literature results. The oxidation of CPX at different pHs is believed to be the result of a counterbalance between favorable and unfavorable factors, namely electromigration and side reactions of oxygen evolution, respectively. The effects of current density indicated a diffusion- and reaction-controlled process at low currents followed by a reaction-controlled process at high currents. The results presented in this study provide better understanding of the electrochemical oxidation of CPX and would enable the development of new treatment methods based on electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Matzek LW, Tipton MJ, Farmer AT, Steen AD, Carter KE. Understanding Electrochemically Activated Persulfate and Its Application to Ciprofloxacin Abatement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5875-5883. [PMID: 29653047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study offers insight into the roles anodic and cathodic processes play in electrochemically activated persulfate (EAP) and screens EAP as a viable technique for ciprofloxacin degradation in wastewater. Sulfate radical formation at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and persulfate activation at a graphite cathode were experimentally elucidated using different electrolytes and electrochemical setups. Rapid ciprofloxacin transformation occurred via pseudo-first-order mechanisms with respect to ciprofloxacin in persulfate electrolyte, reaching 84% removal in 120 min using EAP. Transformation pathways were compared to those in nitrate and sulfate electrolytes. Ciprofloxacin removal rates in the electrochemical system were 88% and 33% faster in persulfate than nitrate and sulfate electrolytes, respectively. Total organic carbon removal rates were 93% and 48% faster in persulfate than nitrate and sulfate, respectively. Use of sulfate electrolyte resulted in removal rates 6-7 times faster than those in nitrate solution. Accelerated removal in sulfate was attributed to anodic sulfate radical formation, while enhanced removal in persulfate was associated with cathodic persulfate activation and nonradical persulfate activation at the BDD anode. Quenching experiments indicated both sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals contributed to degradation. Comparisons between platinum and graphite cathodes showed similar cathodic persulfate activation and ciprofloxacin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Matzek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Tennessee , 325 John D. Tickle Building , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-2313 , United States
| | - Matthew J Tipton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Tennessee , 325 John D. Tickle Building , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-2313 , United States
| | - Abigail T Farmer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 552 Buehler Hall , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-1600 , United States
| | - Andrew D Steen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , University of Tennessee , 602 Strong Hall , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-1526 , United States
| | - Kimberly E Carter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Tennessee , 325 John D. Tickle Building , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-2313 , United States
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Trellu C, Coetsier C, Rouch JC, Esmilaire R, Rivallin M, Cretin M, Causserand C. Mineralization of organic pollutants by anodic oxidation using reactive electrochemical membrane synthesized from carbothermal reduction of TiO 2. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 131:310-319. [PMID: 29306202 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Electrochemical Membrane (REM) prepared from carbothermal reduction of TiO2 is used for the mineralization of biorefractory pollutants during filtration operation. The mixture of Ti4O7 and Ti5O9 Magnéli phases ensures the high reactivity of the membrane for organic compound oxidation through •OH mediated oxidation and direct electron transfer. In cross-flow filtration mode, convection-enhanced mass transport of pollutants can be achieved from the high membrane permeability (3300 LMH bar-1). Mineralization efficiency of oxalic acid, paracetamol and phenol was assessed as regards to current density, transmembrane pressure and feed concentration. Unprecedented high removal rates of total organic carbon and mineralization current efficiency were achieved after a single passage through the REM, e.g. 47 g m-2 h-1 - 72% and 6.7 g m-2 h-1 - 47% for oxalic acid and paracetamol, respectively, at 15 mA cm-2. However, two mechanisms have to be considered for optimization of the process. When the TOC flux is too high with respect to the current density, aromatic compounds polymerize in the REM layer where only direct electron transfer occurs. This phenomenon decreases the oxidation efficiency and/or increases REM fouling. Besides, O2 bubbles sweeping at high permeate flux promotes O2 gas generation, with adverse effect on oxidation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Trellu
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Clémence Coetsier
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Rouch
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Roseline Esmilaire
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Rivallin
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Cretin
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Causserand
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by a novel Z-scheme CeO2–Ag/AgBr photocatalyst: Influencing factors, possible degradation pathways, and mechanism insight. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang L, Yue Q, Yang K, Zhao P, Gao B. Enhanced phosphorus and ciprofloxacin removal in a modified BAF system by configuring Fe-C micro electrolysis: Investigation on pollutants removal and degradation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:705-714. [PMID: 28917199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A modified biological aerated filter (BAF) system configured Fe-C micro electrolysis was applied to enhance phosphorus and ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. A novel sludge ceramic and sintering ferric-carbon ceramic (SFC) were separately packed into a lab-scale BAF and Fe-C micro electrolysis reactor. The BAF and Fe-C micro electrolysis coupled system was operated about 230days. The enhancement of phosphorus and ciprofloxacin removals by Fe-C micro electrolysis, the degradation mechanisms of CIP and the variations of microbial population were investigated. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), ammonia (NH4-N), total phosphorus (TP) and CIP reached about 95%, 95%, 80% and 85% in the combined process, respectively. Configuring Fe-C micro electrolysis significantly enhanced phosphorus and CIP removal, whereas had no promotion on N removal. Four main degradation pathways were proposed according to the LC-MS analysis. More than 12 degradation products were detected through the treatment of Fe-C micro electrolysis and only 3 biodegraded products with low concentration were identified in BAF effluent. The high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the microbial community changed a lot under CIP pressure. The relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Bradyrhizobium, Helicobacter and Pseudomonas increased with CIP influent. This study provides a promising process in CIP wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Kunlun Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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67
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Wang A, Zhang Y, Zhong H, Chen Y, Tian X, Li D, Li J. Efficient mineralization of antibiotic ciprofloxacin in acid aqueous medium by a novel photoelectro-Fenton process using a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:364-374. [PMID: 28850914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process using microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) as a UV irradiation source was developed for the removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. Comparative degradation of 200mgL-1 CIP was studied by direct MDEL photolysis, anodic oxidation (AO), AO in presence of electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2), AO-H2O2 under MDEL irradiation (MDEL-AO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and MDEL-PEF processes. Higher oxidation power was found in the sequence: MDEL photolysis < AO < AO-H2O2< MDEL-AO-H2O2< EF < MDEL-PEF. Effects of current density, pH, initial Fe2+ concentration and initial CIP concentration on TOC removal in MDEL-PEF process were examined, and the optimal conditions were ascertained. The releases of three inorganic ions (F-, NH4+ and NO3-) and two carboxylic acids (oxalic and formic acids) were qualified. Seven aromatic intermediates mainly generated from hydroxylation, dealkylation and defluorination of CIP were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technology. Therefore, plausible degradation sequences for CIP degradation in MDEL-PEF process including all detected products were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huihui Zhong
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiujun Tian
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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68
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Rahmani AR, Nematollahi D, Samarghandi MR, Samadi MT, Azarian G. A combined advanced oxidation process: Electrooxidation-ozonation for antibiotic ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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69
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Electro-Fenton degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP): Formation of Fe3+-CIP chelate and its effect on catalytic behavior of Fe2+/Fe3+ and CIP mineralization. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Villegas-Guzman P, Hofer F, Silva-Agredo J, Torres-Palma RA. Role of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate anions on the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics by photoelectro-Fenton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:28175-28189. [PMID: 29019037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Taking ciprofloxacin (CIP) as a fluoroquinolone antibiotic model, this work explores the role of common anions (sulfate, nitrate, and chloride) during the application of photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) at natural pH to degrade this type of compound in water. The system was composed of an IrO2 anode, Ti, or gas diffusion electrode (GDE) as cathode, Fe2+, and UV (254 nm). To determine the implications of these anions, the degradation pathway and efficiency of the PEF sub-processes (UV photolysis, anodic oxidation, and electro-Fenton at natural pH) were studied in the individual presence of the anions. The results highlight that degradation routes and kinetics are strongly dependent on electrolytes. When chloride and nitrate ions were present, indirect electro-chemical oxidation was identified by electro-generated HOCl and nitrogenated oxidative species, respectively. Additionally, direct photolysis and direct oxidation at the anode surface were identified as degradation routes. As a consequence of the different pathways, six primary CIP by-products were identified. Therefore, a scheme was proposed representing the pathways involved in the degradation of CIP when submitted to PEF in water with chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions, showing the complexity of this process. Promoted by individual and synergistic actions of this process, the PEF system leads to a complete elimination of CIP with total removal of antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and significant mineralization. Finally, the role of the anions was tested in seawater containing CIP, in which the positive contributions of the anions were partially suppressed by its OH radical scavenger action. The findings are of interest for the understanding of the degradation of antibiotics via the PEF process in different matrices containing sulfate, nitrate, and chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villegas-Guzman
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Florian Hofer
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Javier Silva-Agredo
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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71
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Lanzarini-Lopes M, Garcia-Segura S, Hristovski K, Westerhoff P. Electrical energy per order and current efficiency for electrochemical oxidation of p-chlorobenzoic acid with boron-doped diamond anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:304-311. [PMID: 28888118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is an advanced oxidation process for water treatment to mineralize organic contaminants. While proven to degrade a range of emerging pollutants in water, less attention has been given to quantify the effect of operational variables such applied current density and pollutant concentration on efficiency and energy requirements. Particular figures of merit were mineralization current efficiency (MCE) and electrical energy per order (EEO). Linear increases of applied current exponentially decreased the MCE due to the enhancement of undesired parasitic reactions that consumed generated hydroxyl radical. EEO values ranged from 39.3 to 331.8 kW h m-3 order-1. Increasing the applied current also enhanced the EEO due to the transition from kinetics limited by current to kinetics limited by mass transfer. Further increases in current did not influence the removal rate, but it raised the EEO requirement. The EEO requirement diminished when decreasing initial pollutant loading with the increase of the apparent kinetic rate because of the relative availability of oxidant per pollutant molecule in solution at a defined current. Oxidation by-products released were identified, and a plausible degradative pathway has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lanzarini-Lopes
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States.
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72
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Serna-Galvis EA, Berrio-Perlaza KE, Torres-Palma RA. Electrochemical treatment of penicillin, cephalosporin, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics via active chlorine: evaluation of antimicrobial activity, toxicity, matrix, and their correlation with the degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23771-23782. [PMID: 28864919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are pharmaceuticals widely consumed and frequently detected in environmental water, where they can induce toxic effects and development of resistant bacteria. Their structural variety makes the problem of antibiotics in natural water more complex. In this work, six highly used antibiotics (at 40 μmol L-1) belonging to three different classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones) were treated using an electrochemical system with a Ti/IrO2 anode and a Zr cathode in the presence of NaCl (0.05 μmol L-1). The attack of electrogenerated active chlorine was found to be the main degradation route. After only 20 min of treatment, the process decreased more than 90% of the initial concentration of antibiotics, following the degradation order: fluoroquinolones > penicillins > cephalosporins. The primary interactions of the degrading agent with fluoroquinolones occurred at the cyclic amine (i.e., piperazyl ring) and the benzene ring. Meanwhile, the cephalosporins and penicillins were initially attacked on the β-lactam and sulfide groups. However, the tested penicillins presented an additional reaction on the central amide. In all cases, the transformations of antibiotics led to the antimicrobial activity decreasing. On the contrary, the toxicity level showed diverse results: increasing, decreasing, and no change, depending on the antibiotic type. In fact, due to the conservation of quinolone nucleus in the fluoroquinolone by-products, the toxicity of the treated solutions remained unchanged. With penicillins, the production of chloro-phenyl-isoxazole fragments increased the toxicity level of the resultant solution. However, the opening of β-lactam ring of cephalosporin antibiotics decreased the toxicity level of the treated solutions. Finally, the application of the treatment to synthetic hospital wastewater and seawater containing a representative antibiotic showed that the high amount of chloride ions in seawater accelerates the pollutant degradation. In contrast, the urea and ammonium presence in the hospital wastewater retarded the removal of this pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karen E Berrio-Perlaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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73
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Liu X, Yang D, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Meng S, Chen S, Tan M, Li Z, Tang L. Electrocatalytic properties of N-doped graphite felt in electro-Fenton process and degradation mechanism of levofloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:306-315. [PMID: 28501570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of antibiotic levofloxacin was investigated by dimensionally stable anode as well as modified cathode using low-cost chemical reagents of hydrazine hydrate and ethanol for electro-Fenton in an undivided cell at pH 3.0 under room temperature. Comparison of unmodified and modified cathode was performed. The apparent rate constant of levofloxacin decay was found to be 0.2883 min-1 for graphite felt-10 with the best performance at 200 mA, which is lower than graphite felt at 400 mA. The optimum modified cathode showed a significant improvement of complete mineralization of levofloxacin, reaching a 92% TOC removal at 200 mA for 480 min higher than unmodified one at twice the current. Surface physicochemical properties and morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscope, contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization of hydrogen evolution reaction was adopted to clarify a possible pathway for the higher mineralization of levofloxacin, indicating a potential pilot-scale study to the pollution with the similar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Danxing Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sijun Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Song Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mengjiao Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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74
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Novel integrated electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process for the efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:85-89. [PMID: 28494364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel approach of wastewater treatment technology that consists of a combined electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process, specially designed to allow increasing the efficiency in the oxidation of ionic organic pollutants contained in diluted waste. Respect to conventional electrolysis, the pollutant is simultaneously concentrated and oxidized, enhancing the performance of the cell due to the higher concentration achieved in the nearness of the anode. A proof of concept is tested with the ionic pesticide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and results show that the efficiency of this new technology overcomes that electrolysis by more than double, regardless the supporting electrolyte used (either NaCl or Na2SO4). Moreover, the removal rate of 2,4-D when using NaCl was found to be more efficient, due to the best performance of the electrode material selected (DSA®) towards the formation of oxidants in chloride supporting electrolyte. These results open the way for overcoming the efficiency limitations of electrochemical treatment processes for the treatment of solutions with low concentrated ionic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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75
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Enrofloxacin behavior in presence of soil extracted organic matter: An electrochemical approach. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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76
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Frontistis Z, Antonopoulou M, Venieri D, Konstantinou I, Mantzavinos D. Boron-doped diamond oxidation of amoxicillin pharmaceutical formulation: Statistical evaluation of operating parameters, reaction pathways and antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 195:100-109. [PMID: 27117507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of a commercial amoxicillin formulation over a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was investigated. The effect of initial COD concentration (1-2 g/L), current density (30-50 mA/cm2), treatment time (15-90 min), initial pH (3-9) and electrolyte concentration (2-4 g/L NaCl) on COD removal was assessed through a factorial design methodology. For the range of conditions in question, the first three single effects, as well as the interaction between COD and time were the most important ones in terms of mass of COD removed. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) was employed to identify major transformation by-products (TBPs); thirteen compounds were detected as TBPs of AMX electrochemical degradation, while several others appear in the original formulation. AMX degradation occurs though the following pathways: (i) hydroxylation mainly in the benzoic ring, (ii) opening of β-lactam ring followed by decarboxylation, hydroxylation and re-arrangement, and (iii) bond cleavage between the carbons of amino and amide groups. Furthermore, the process is accompanied by the release of several ions, i.e. nitrate, sulfate and ammonium. The antibiotic activity of AMX up to 1000 mg/L was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis reference strains; both bacteria are completely inactivated at this concentration but the activity is reduced substantially at lower concentrations. Oxidized samples still exhibit some antibacterial activity (50-60%) which is due to TBPs and active chlorine species present in the liquid phase. The latter are generated from chloride ions and enhance considerably AMX degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Danae Venieri
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | | | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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77
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Bruguera-Casamada C, Sirés I, Brillas E, Araujo RM. Effect of electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and organic matter on the electrochemical inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using BDD and dimensionally stable anodes. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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78
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Bu L, Zhou S, Shi Z, Bi C, Zhu S, Gao N. Iron electrode as efficient persulfate activator for oxcarbazepine degradation: Performance, mechanism, and kinetic modeling. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Electrochemical abatement of amaranth dye solutions using individual or an assembling of flow cells with Ti/Pt and Ti/Pt-SnSb anodes. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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80
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Antonin VS, Parreira LS, Aveiro LR, Silva FL, Valim RB, Hammer P, Lanza MR, Santos MC. W@Au Nanostructures Modifying Carbon as Materials for Hydrogen Peroxide Electrogeneration. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Méndez E, González-Fuentes MA, Rebollar-Perez G, Méndez-Albores A, Torres E. Emerging pollutant treatments in wastewater: Cases of antibiotics and hormones. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:235-253. [PMID: 27901630 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the intensive use of pharmaceutical substances in human life, studies on the detection of these chemical compounds and their metabolites as pollutants in water bodies are continuously reported. Some pharmaceutical agents are associated with adverse effects to aquatic life, even at very low concentrations (ng L-1 to μg L-1). For instance, the presence of antibiotics and hormones has been associated with increasing proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens and feminization and masculinization of some aquatic organisms. Currently, new attempts are being made to minimize or fully remove these types of pollutants from aquatic systems to protect the environment and human health. In this regard, physicochemical and biological treatments are among the most promising technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceutical pollutants. These treatments are green alternatives for the degradation of hazardous organic compounds into nontoxic by-products. Here, we review some of the physicochemical and biological treatment methods used for the removal of the most extensively used antibiotics and hormones. Enzymatic oxidation, photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation are described in terms of the aforementioned pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). The use of membrane technologies to separate different groups of antibiotics and hormones prior to biologic or physicochemical treatment methods is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Méndez
- a Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Torres
- c Institute of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
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82
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Bu L, Zhou S, Shi Z, Deng L, Gao N. Removal of 2-MIB and geosmin by electrogenerated persulfate: Performance, mechanism and pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1309-1316. [PMID: 27914726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the degradation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) was evaluated by electrochemical oxidation (EO) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Both 2-MIB and GSM could be degraded efficiently in sulfate electrolyte compared to inert nitrate or perchlorate electrolytes, implying that in-situ generated persulfate may be responsible for contaminants degradation. The observed linear relationship between 2-MIB (GSM) degradation rates and persulfate generation rates further proved that the in-situ generated persulfate enhanced 2-MIB (GSM) degradation. Moreover, a divided electrolytic cell was employed to investigate the effect of cathodic reactions on contaminants degradation and persulfate generation, and results confirmed that both anodic and cathodic reactions participated in 2-MIB (GSM) degradation. High current density and low solution pH were found to be favorable for 2-MIB and GSM degradation. The degradation intermediates were identified and the possible pathways of 2-MIB and GSM degradation were proposed. This study indicated that the EO process with BDD anode could be considered as a potential alternative for the removal of 2-MIB and GSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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83
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Coledam DAC, Pupo MMS, Silva BF, Silva AJ, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR, Aquino JM. Electrochemical mineralization of cephalexin using a conductive diamond anode: A mechanistic and toxicity investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:638-647. [PMID: 27847122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of surface and ground water by antibiotics is of significant importance due to their potential chronic toxic effects to the aquatic and human lives. Thus, in this work, the electrochemical oxidation of cephalexin (CEX) was carried out in a one compartment filter-press flow cell using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode as anode. During the electrolysis, the investigated variables were: supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2CO3) at constant ionic strength (0.1 M), pH (3, 7, 10, and without control), and current density (5, 10 and 20 mA cm-2). The oxidation and mineralization of CEX were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry and total organic carbon. The oxidation process of CEX was dependent on the type of electrolyte and on pH of the solution due to the distinct oxidant species electrogenerated; however, the conversion of CEX and its hydroxylated intermediates to CO2 depends only on their diffusion to the surface of the BDD. In the final stages of electrolysis, an accumulation of recalcitrant oxamic and oxalic carboxylic acids, was detected. Finally, the growth inhibition assay with Escherichia coli cells showed that the toxicity of CEX solution decreased along the electrochemical treatment due to the rupture of the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A C Coledam
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília M S Pupo
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Silva
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Katlin I B Eguiluz
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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84
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Li Y, Han J, Xie B, Li Y, Zhan S, Tian Y. Synergistic degradation of antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin in water by using 3D CeO2/RGO composite as cathode in electro-Fenton system. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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85
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Bai J, Li Y, Li X, Liu L. Facile preparation of 2D Bi2MoO6 nanosheets–RGO composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, few studies had reported Bi2MoO6–RGO as a catalyst for photodegradation of ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Lu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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86
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Li Y, Han J, Mi X, Mi X, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhan S. Modified carbon felt made using CexA1−xO2 composites as a cathode in electro-Fenton system to degrade ciprofloxacin. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon felt (CF) was modified by CexA1−xO2 (A = Zr, Cu and Ni) and the role of these CexA1−xO2/CF (A = Zr, Cu and Ni) cathode materials in the oxidative degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) was investigated in the electro-Fenton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Jingjing Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Xueyue Mi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | | | - Yanan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Suge Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Sihui Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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87
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Gargouri B, Gargouri OD, Khmakhem I, Ammar S, Abdelhèdi R, Bouaziz M. Chemical composition and direct electrochemical oxidation of table olive processing wastewater using high oxidation power anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:363-371. [PMID: 27700999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Table olive processing wastewater (TOW) is a notoriously polluting due to its high organic and phenol content. To reduce them, an electrochemical process has been studied for the treatment of this effluent. Experiments were performed with a cell equipped with lead dioxide (PbO2) or boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode and platinum as cathode, where Table Olive Wastewater (TOW) were destroyed by hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation. The comparative study of both systems shows the performance of the BDD anode compared to PbO2, explained by the large amounts of hydroxyl radicals generated effective at BDD anode and its synthesis characteristics. Using LC/MS analysis, it was possible to determine hydroxytyrosol, as major phenolic compounds, in table olive processing wastewater and its concentration reach 890 mg L-1. A possible reaction mechanism oxidation for hydroxytyrosol was proposed. The kinetics decays for hydroxytyrosol degradation on PbO2 anode follows a pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant 0.9 h-1 for japp value 20 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Gargouri
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Dridi Gargouri
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtihel Khmakhem
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratoire d'Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Université de Sfax, BP 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonda Ammar
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Abdelhèdi
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP «1173», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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88
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Jalife-Jacobo H, Feria-Reyes R, Serrano-Torres O, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Peralta-Hernández JM. Diazo dye Congo Red degradation using a Boron-doped diamond anode: An experimental study on the effect of supporting electrolytes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 319:78-83. [PMID: 26952083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diazo dye Congo Red (CR) solutions at 100mg/L, were degraded using different supporting electrolytes in an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOPs), like the anodic oxidation (AOx/BDD). All experiments were carried out in a 3L flow reactor with a Boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and stainless steel cathode (AISI 304), at 7.5, 15, 30 and 50mA/cm(2) current densities (j). Furthermore, each experiment was carried out under a flow rate of 7L/min. Additionally, HClO4, NaCl, Na2SO4, and H2SO4 were tested as supporting electrolytes at a 50mM concentration. The degradation process was at all times considerably faster in NaCl medium. Solutions containing SO4(2-) or ClO4(-) ions were less prompted to degradation due to the low oxidation power of these species into the bulk. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analysis, was carried out to evaluate the mineralization of CR. The degradation of CR, was evaluated with the HPLC analysis of the treated solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jalife-Jacobo
- Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNE, Departamento de Química, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, Gto. CP. 36040, Mexico
| | - R Feria-Reyes
- Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNE, Departamento de Química, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, Gto. CP. 36040, Mexico
| | - O Serrano-Torres
- Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNE, Departamento de Química, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, Gto. CP. 36040, Mexico
| | - S Gutiérrez-Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNE, Departamento de Química, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, Gto. CP. 36040, Mexico
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNE, Departamento de Química, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, Gto. CP. 36040, Mexico.
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89
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Zhou S, Bu L, Yu Y, Zou X, Zhang Y. A comparative study of microcystin-LR degradation by electrogenerated oxidants at BDD and MMO anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:381-387. [PMID: 27677119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the electrochemical degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and mixed metal oxides (MMO, IrO2Ta2O5/Ti) anode in different medium. In-situ electrogenerated oxidants including hydroxyl radical, active chlorine, and persulfate were confirmed in phosphate, chloride, and sulfate medium, respectively. Different from MMO anode, hydroxyl radical was observed to play a significant role in chlorine generation at BDD anode in chloride medium. Besides, BDD anode could activate sulfate electrochemically due to its high oxygen evolution potential, and MC-LR degradation rate increased with the decrease of solution pH. The effects of natural organic matters (NOM) and algal organic matters (AOM) on MC-LR degradation were evaluated and NOM presented stronger inhibition ability than AOM. Furthermore, the intermediates generated in MC-LR degradation in chloride and sulfate medium were identified by LC/MS/MS and possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the experiments results. Benzene ring and conjugated diene bonds of Adda group and double bonds of Mhda group were found to be the reactive sites of MC-LR. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge of electrochemical oxidation in removing microcystins in algae-laden water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Yanghai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Xu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Yansen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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90
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Fluidized-bed Fenton process as alternative wastewater treatment technology—A review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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91
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Palma-Goyes RE, Vazquez-Arenas J, Ostos C, Ferraro F, Torres-Palma RA, Gonzalez I. Microstructural and electrochemical analysis of Sb 2 O 5 doped-Ti/RuO 2 -ZrO 2 to yield active chlorine species for ciprofloxacin degradation. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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92
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Electrochemical mineralization of norfloxacin using distinct boron-doped diamond anodes in a filter-press reactor, with investigations of toxicity and oxidation by-products. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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93
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Fontmorin JM, Burgos Castillo RC, Tang WZ, Sillanpää M. Stability of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin-trap for quantification of hydroxyl radicals in processes based on Fenton reaction. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 99:24-32. [PMID: 27132196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fenton reaction was used to produce hydroxyl radicals under conditions similar to AOPs with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap agent in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. A theoretical kinetics model was developed to determine conditions under which the spin-adduct DMPO-OH is not further oxidized by Fe(3+) and excessive radicals, so that hydroxyl radicals concentration could be accurately inferred. Experiments were designed based upon the model and H2O2 and Fe(2+) concentrations were varied from 1 to 100 mM and from 0.1 to 10 mM, respectively, with a constant H2O2: Fe(2+) ratio of 10:1. Results confirmed that DMPO concentration should be at least 20 times higher than the concentration of H2O2 and 200 times higher than iron concentration to produce stable DMPO-OH EPR signal. When DMPO: H2O2 ratio varied from 1 to 10, DMPO-OH could generate intermediates and be further oxidized leading to the apparition of an additional triplet. This signal was attributed to a paramagnetic dimer: its structure and a formation mechanism were proposed. Finally, the utilization of sodium sulfite and catalase to terminate Fenton reaction was discussed. Catalase appeared to be compatible with DMPO. However, sodium sulfite should be avoided since it reacted with DMPO-OH to form DMPO-SO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fontmorin
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - R C Burgos Castillo
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - W Z Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - M Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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94
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Influence of the water hardness on the performance of electro-Fenton approach: Decolorization and mineralization of Eriochrome Black T. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Rubí-Juárez H, Cotillas S, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo MA. Use of conductive diamond photo-electrochemical oxidation for the removal of pesticide glyphosate. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Matzek LW, Carter KE. Activated persulfate for organic chemical degradation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:178-188. [PMID: 26938680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Activated persulfate reactions have widespread application for groundwater and environmental remediation, as many of these reactions involve destruction of environmental contaminants. Within the last five years, knowledge of activated persulfate degradation reactions has grown to include novel means of activating persulfate for enhanced removal of organic species. These current studies cover a long list of organic analytes, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, halogenated compounds and dyes. An extensive review of recently published experimental parameters and results for the destruction of organic compounds via activated persulfate is presented. Focus is placed on emerging methodologies and manipulation of traditional activation techniques. Knowledge gaps are identified and discussed, as despite the number of publications on this subject, more broad-reaching guidelines are needed for optimizing applications of activated persulfate in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Matzek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, 325 John D. Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-2313, USA
| | - Kimberly E Carter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, 325 John D. Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-2313, USA.
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97
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Mixed-Metal Semiconductor Anodes for Electrochemical Water Splitting and Reactive Chlorine Species Generation: Implications for Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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98
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do Vale-Júnior E, Dosta S, Cano IG, Guilemany JM, Garcia-Segura S, Martínez-Huitle CA. Acid blue 29 decolorization and mineralization by anodic oxidation with a cold gas spray synthesized Sn-Cu-Sb alloy anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:47-54. [PMID: 26802262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The elevated cost of anodic materials used in the anodic oxidation for water treatment of effluents undermines the real application of these technologies. The study of novel alternative materials more affordable is required. In this work, we report the application of Sn-Cu-Sb alloys as cheap anodic material to decolorize azo dye Acid Blue 29 solutions. These anodes have been synthesized by cold gas spray technologies. Almost complete decolorization and COD abatement were attained after 300 and 600 min of electrochemical treatment, respectively. The influence of several variables such as supporting electrolyte, pH, current density and initial pollutant concentration has been investigated. Furthermore, the release and evolution of by-products was followed by HPLC to better understand the oxidative power of Sn-Cu-Sb electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson do Vale-Júnior
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sergi Dosta
- CPT Thermal Spray Centre, Departament d'Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Garcia Cano
- CPT Thermal Spray Centre, Departament d'Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Guilemany
- CPT Thermal Spray Centre, Departament d'Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
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99
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Li D, Tang J, Zhou X, Li J, Sun X, Shen J, Wang L, Han W. Electrochemical degradation of pyridine by Ti/SnO2-Sb tubular porous electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:49-56. [PMID: 26849194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion in electrochemistry is a critical issue for water purification. Electrocatalytic reactor system in improving water quality is a useful way to induce convection to enhance diffusion. This study focuses on the preparation and the characterization of Ti/SnO2-Sb tubular porous electrode for degrading pyridine wastewater. The electrode as an anode in reactor system is prepared by coating SnO2-Sb as an electro-catalyst via Pechini method on the tubular porous Ti. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrum, X-ray Diffraction and Pore Distribution are employed to evaluate the structure and morphology of the electrodes coatings, and Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry are used to illustrate the electrochemical properties of the electrodes coatings. Furthermore, the electrochemical oxidation performance of Ti/SnO2-Sb tubular porous electrode is characterized by degrading pyridine wastewater. The effects of flow and static pattern, initial pyridine concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, current density and pH on the performance of the reactor were investigated in the electrocatalytic reactor system. The results indicated that the removal ratio of pyridine reaches maximum which is 98% under the optimal operation conditions, that are 100 mg L(-1) initial pyridine concentration, 10 g L(-1) supporting electrolyte concentration, 30 mA cm(-2) current density and pH 3. Transition state calculation based on the density function theory was combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography and Ionic Chromatography results to describe the pathway of pyridine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jingyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiezhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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