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Abstract
Nitric oxide, studied to evaluate its role in cardiovascular physiology, has cardioprotective and therapeutic effects in cellular signaling, mitochondrial function, and in regulating inflammatory processes. Heme oxygenase (major role in catabolism of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron) has similar effects as well. CO has been suggested as the molecule that is responsible for many of the above mentioned cytoprotective and therapeutic pathways as CO is a signaling molecule in the control of physiological functions. This is counterintuitive as toxic effects are related to its binding to hemoglobin. However, CO is normally produced in the body. Experimental evidence indicates that this toxic gas, CO, exerts cytoprotective properties related to cellular stress including the heart and is being assessed for its cytoprotective and cytotherapeutic properties. While survival of adult cardiomyocytes depends on oxidative phosphorylation (survival and resulting cardiac function is impaired by mitochondrial damage), mitochondrial biogenesis is modified by the heme oxygenase-1/CO system and can result in promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis by associating mitochondrial redox status to the redox-active transcription factors. It has been suggested that the heme oxygenase-1/CO system is important in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and maturation of cardiomyocytes which is thought to mitigate progression of degenerative cardiovascular diseases. Effects on other cardiac cells are being studied. Acute exposure to air pollution (and, therefore, CO) is associated with cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, but changes in the endogenous heme oxygenase-1 system (and, thereby, CO) positively affect cardiovascular health. We will review the effect of CO on heart health and function in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Mahan
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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52
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Cheng J, Gan G, Shen Z, Gao L, Zhang G, Hu J. Red Light‐Triggered Intracellular Carbon Monoxide Release Enables Selective Eradication of MRSA Infection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Guihai Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui China
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53
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Cheng J, Gan G, Shen Z, Gao L, Zhang G, Hu J. Red Light-Triggered Intracellular Carbon Monoxide Release Enables Selective Eradication of MRSA Infection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13513-13520. [PMID: 33829616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important gaseous signaling molecule. The use of CO-releasing molecules such as metal carbonyls enables the elucidation of the pleiotropic functions of CO. Although metal carbonyls show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, it remains unclear whether the bactericidal property originates from the transition metals or the released CO. Here, we develop nonmetallic CO-releasing micelles via a photooxygenation mechanism of 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives, enabling CO release under red light irradiation (e.g., 650 nm). Unlike metal carbonyls that non-specifically internalize into both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the nonmetallic micelles are selectively taken up by S. aureus instead of E. coli cells, exerting a selective bactericidal effect. Further, we demonstrate that the CO-releasing micelles can cure methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds, simultaneously eradicating MRSA pathogens and accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guihai Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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54
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Alghazwat O, Talebzadeh S, Oyer J, Copik A, Liao Y. Ultrasound responsive carbon monoxide releasing micelle. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105427. [PMID: 33373872 PMCID: PMC7803797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenously produced gasotransmitter, has shown various therapeutic effects in previous studies. In this work, we developed an ultrasound responsive micelle for localized CO delivery. The micelle is composed of a pluronic shell and a core of a CO releasing molecule, CORM-2. The mechanism is based on the ultrasound response of pluronics, and the reaction between CORM-2 and certain biomolecules, e.g. cysteine. The latter allows CO release without significantly breaking the micelles. In a 3.5 mM cysteine solution, the micelles released low level of CO, indicating effective encapsulation of CORM-2. Treatment with a low intensity, non-focused ultrasound led to four times as much CO as the sample without ultrasonication, which is close to that of unencapsulated CORM-2. Significantly reduced proliferation of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) was observed 24 h after the PC-3 cells were treated with the CORM-2 micelles followed by ultrasound activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Liao
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA.
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55
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Siracusa R, Schaufler A, Calabrese V, Fuller PM, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide: from Poison to Clinical Trials. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:329-339. [PMID: 33781582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Every cell has a highly sophisticated system for regulating heme levels, which is particularly important with regard to turnover. Heme degradation generates CO and while CO has long been viewed as a metabolic waste product, and at higher concentrations cellularly lethal, we now know that CO is an indispensable gasotransmitter that participates in fundamental physiological processes necessary for survival. Irrefutable preclinical data have resulted in concerted efforts to develop CO as a safe and effective therapeutic agent, but against this notion lies dogma that CO is a poison, especially to the brain. The emergence of this debate is discussed here highlighting the neuroprotective properties of CO through its role on the central circadian clock and ongoing strategies being developed for CO administration for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98166
| | - Alexa Schaufler
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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56
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Yuan Z, Yang X, Ye Y, Tripathi R, Wang B. Chemical Reactivities of Two Widely Used Ruthenium-Based CO-Releasing Molecules with a Range of Biologically Important Reagents and Molecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5317-5326. [PMID: 33745269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), CORM-2 and CORM-3, have been widely used as surrogates of CO for studying its biological effects in vitro and in vivo with much success. However, several previous solution-phase and in vitro studies have revealed the ability of such CO-RMs to chemically modify proteins and reduce aromatic nitro groups due to their intrinsic chemical reactivity under certain conditions. In our own work of studying the cytoprotective effects of CO donors, we were in need of assessing chemical factors that could impact the interpretation of results from CO donors including CORM-2,3 in various in vitro assays. For this, we examined the effects of CORM-2,3 toward representative reagents commonly used in various bioassays including resazurin, tetrazolium salts, nitrites, and azide-based H2S probes. We have also examined the effect of CORM-2,3 on glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which is a very important redox regulator. Our studies show the ability of these CO-RMs to induce a number of chemical and/or spectroscopic changes for several commonly used biological reagents under near-physiological conditions. These reactions/spectroscopic changes cannot be duplicated with CO-deleted CO-RMs (iCORMs), which are often used as negative controls. Furthermore, both CORM-2 and -3 are capable of consuming and reducing GSSG in solution. We hope that the results described will help in the future design of control experiments using Ru-based CO-RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuqian Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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57
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Huang KC, Li JC, Wang SM, Cheng CH, Yeh CH, Lin LS, Chiu HY, Chang CY, Chuu JJ. The effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecules on paraquat-induced pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Toxicology 2021; 456:152750. [PMID: 33737140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat, an herbicide used extensively worldwide, can cause severe toxicity in humans and animals, leading to irreversible, lethal lung fibrosis. The potential of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), substances that release CO (Carbon monoxide) within animal tissues, for treating paraquat-induced ROS generation and inflammation is investigated here. Our results show that the fast CO releaser CORM-3 (4-20 μM) acts as a potential scavenger of free radicals and decreases fibrosis progression by inhibiting paraquat-induced overexpression of connective tissue growth factor and angiotensin II in MRC-5 cells. The slow CO releaser CORM-A1 (5 mg/kg) clearly decreased expression of the lung profibrogenic cytokines COX-2, TNF-α, and α-SMA and serum hydroxyproline, resulting in a lower mortality rate in paraquat-treated mice. Mice treated with higher-dose CORM-A1 (10 mg/kg) had relatively intact lung lobes and fewer fibrotic patches by gross observation, with less collagen deposition, mesangial matrix accumulation, and pulmonary fibrosis resulting from the mitigation of TGF-β overexpression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time that CORM-A1 alleviated the development of the fibrotic process and improved survival rate in mice exposed to PQ, would be an attractive therapeutic approach to attenuate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis following PQ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Yeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Syun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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58
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Bakalarz D, Surmiak M, Yang X, Wójcik D, Korbut E, Śliwowski Z, Ginter G, Buszewicz G, Brzozowski T, Cieszkowski J, Głowacka U, Magierowska K, Pan Z, Wang B, Magierowski M. Organic carbon monoxide prodrug, BW-CO-111, in protection against chemically-induced gastric mucosal damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:456-475. [PMID: 33643824 PMCID: PMC7893125 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties maintaining gastric mucosal integrity. We are interested in further development of metal-free CO-based therapeutics for oral administration. Thus, we examine the protective effect of representative CO prodrug, BW-CO-111, in rat models of gastric damage induced by necrotic ethanol or aspirin, a representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by measuring the microscopic/macroscopic gastric damage area and gastric blood flow by laser flowmetry. Gastric mucosal mRNA and/or protein expressions of HMOX1, HMOX2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, COX1, COX2, iNos, Anxa1 and serum contents of TGFB1, TGFB2, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and GM-CSF were determined. CO content in gastric mucosa was assessed by gas chromatography. Pretreatment with BW-CO-111 (0.1 mg/kg, i.g.) increased gastric mucosal content of CO and reduced gastric lesions area in both models followed by increased GBF. These protective effects of the CO prodrug were supported by changes in expressions of molecular biomarkers. However, because the pathomechanisms of gastric damage differ between topical administration of ethanol and aspirin, the possible protective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BW-CO-111 may be somewhat different in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow 31-033, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Śliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Urszula Głowacka
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Corresponding authors.
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59
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Yang XX, Ke BW, Lu W, Wang BH. CO as a therapeutic agent: discovery and delivery forms. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:284-295. [PMID: 32402406 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as one of the three important endogenously produced signaling molecules, termed as "gasotransmitter," has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for treating various inflammation and cellular-stress related diseases. In this review, we discussed CO's evolution from a well-recognized toxic gas to a signaling molecule, and the effort to develop different approaches to deliver it for therapeutic application. We also summarize recently reported chemistry towards different CO delivery forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bing-He Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA.
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60
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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61
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Wang M, Yang X, Pan Z, Wang Y, De La Cruz LK, Wang B, Tan C. Towards "CO in a pill": Pharmacokinetic studies of carbon monoxide prodrugs in mice. J Control Release 2020; 327:174-185. [PMID: 32745568 PMCID: PMC7606817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known endogenous signaling molecule with potential therapeutic indications in treating inflammation, cancer, neuroprotection, and sickle cell disease among many others. One of the hurdles in using CO as a therapeutic agent is the development of pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms for various indications. Along this line, we have developed organic CO prodrugs that allow for packing this gaseous molecule into a dosage form for the goal of "carbon monoxide in a pill." This should enable non-inhalation administration including oral and intravenous routes. These prodrugs have previously demonstrated efficacy in multiple animal models. To further understand the CO delivery efficiency of these prodrugs in relation to their efficacy, we undertook the first pharmacokinetic studies on these prodrugs. In doing so, we selected five representative prodrugs with different CO release kinetics and examined their pharmacokinetics after administration via oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. It was found that all three routes were able to elevate systemic CO level with delivery efficiency in the order of intravenous, oral, and intraperitoneal routes. CO prodrugs and their CO-released products were readily cleared from the circulation. CO prodrugs demonstrate promising pharmaceutical properties in terms of oral CO delivery and minimal drug accumulation in the body. This represents the very first study of the interplay among CO release kinetics, CO prodrug clearance, route of administration, and CO delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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62
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Yang X, Pan Z, Choudhury MR, Yuan Z, Anifowose A, Yu B, Wang W, Wang B. Making smart drugs smarter: The importance of linker chemistry in targeted drug delivery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2682-2713. [PMID: 32803765 PMCID: PMC7817242 DOI: 10.1002/med.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates, for targeted therapy rely on the ability to deliver a warhead to the desired location and to achieve activation at the same site. Thus, designing a smart drug often requires proper linker chemistry for tethering the warhead with a vehicle in such a way that either allows the active drug to retain its potency while being tethered or ensures release and thus activation at the desired location. Recent years have seen much progress in the design of new linker activation strategies. Herein, we review the recent development of chemical strategies used to link the warhead with a delivery vehicle for preferential cleavage at the desired sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manjusha Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Abiodun Anifowose
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
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63
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Hopper CP, De La Cruz LK, Lyles KV, Wareham LK, Gilbert JA, Eichenbaum Z, Magierowski M, Poole RK, Wollborn J, Wang B. Role of Carbon Monoxide in Host-Gut Microbiome Communication. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13273-13311. [PMID: 33089988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nature is full of examples of symbiotic relationships. The critical symbiotic relation between host and mutualistic bacteria is attracting increasing attention to the degree that the gut microbiome is proposed by some as a new organ system. The microbiome exerts its systemic effect through a diverse range of metabolites, which include gaseous molecules such as H2, CO2, NH3, CH4, NO, H2S, and CO. In turn, the human host can influence the microbiome through these gaseous molecules as well in a reciprocal manner. Among these gaseous molecules, NO, H2S, and CO occupy a special place because of their widely known physiological functions in the host and their overlap and similarity in both targets and functions. The roles that NO and H2S play have been extensively examined by others. Herein, the roles of CO in host-gut microbiome communication are examined through a discussion of (1) host production and function of CO, (2) available CO donors as research tools, (3) CO production from diet and bacterial sources, (4) effect of CO on bacteria including CO sensing, and (5) gut microbiome production of CO. There is a large amount of literature suggesting the "messenger" role of CO in host-gut microbiome communication. However, much more work is needed to begin achieving a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Hopper
- Institute for Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria DE 97080, Germany.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kristin V Lyles
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- The Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zehava Eichenbaum
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Cellular Engineering and Isotope Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow PL 31-531, Poland
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg DE 79085, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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64
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Harnessing carbon monoxide-releasing platforms for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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65
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Liu C, Du Z, Ma M, Sun Y, Ren J, Qu X. Carbon Monoxide Controllable Targeted Gas Therapy for Synergistic Anti-inflammation. iScience 2020; 23:101483. [PMID: 32891060 PMCID: PMC7479631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes and thus is regarded as a promising pharmaceutical agent. Nevertheless, therapeutic applications of CO are severely hampered by the difficulty of the delivery of controlled amounts of CO to biological targets. To address this deficiency, we present a spatiotemporally controllable CO-releasing platform (designated as Neu-MnO2/Fla) for synergistic anti-inflammation. With the assistance of neutrophil membrane coating, Neu-MnO2/Fla can target to inflammatory sites. Subsequently, excess H2O2 at the inflamed tissues can be decomposed into oxygen because of MnO2 as nanozymes possessing catalase (CAT) activity, which not only relieves oxidative stress but also achieves in situ rapid photo-induced CO release. The in vitro and in vivo results indicate our CO-releasing platform exhibits a strong synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. Our work will shed light on targeted CO release to avoid side effects of therapeutic applications of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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66
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Pol O. The role of carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase 1, and the Nrf2 transcription factor in the modulation of chronic pain and their interactions with opioids and cannabinoids. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:136-155. [PMID: 32820550 DOI: 10.1002/med.21726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain and its associated comorbidities are difficult to treat, even when the most potent analgesic compounds are used. Thus, research on new strategies to effectively relieve nociceptive and/or emotional disorders accompanying chronic pain is essential. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of different carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor-2 erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor activators in several models of acute and chronic pain caused by inflammation, nerve injury or diabetes. More recently, the antidepressant and/or anxiolytic effects of several Nrf2 transcription factor inducers were demonstrated in a model of chronic neuropathic pain. These effects are mainly produced by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, glial activation, mitogen-activated protein kinases and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phospho-protein kinase B phosphorylation in the peripheral and/or central nervous system. Other studies also demonstrated that the analgesic effects of opioids and cannabinoids are improved when these drugs are coadministered with CO-RMs, HO-1 or Nrf2 activators in different preclinical pain models and that these improvements are generally mediated by upregulation or prevention of the downregulation of µ-opioid receptors, δ-opioid receptors and/or cannabinoid 2 receptors in the setting of chronic pain. We reviewed all these studies as well as studies on the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of CO-RMs, HO-1, and Nrf2 activators in chronic pain. In summary, activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/carbon monoxide signaling pathway alone and/or in combination with the administration of specific analgesics is a valid strategy for the treatment of chronic pain and some associated emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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67
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Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Use of Hemoglobin for Delivering Exogenous Carbon Monoxide in Medicinal Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2949-2963. [PMID: 30421669 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181113122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), at low concentrations, can have a variety of positive effects on the body including anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative effects. Although CO has great potential for use as a potent medical bioactive gas, for it to exist in the body in stable form, it must be associated with a carrier. Hemoglobin (Hb) represents a promising material for use as a CO carrier because most of the total CO in the body is stored associated with Hb in red blood cells (RBC). Attempts have been made to develop an Hb-based CO carrying system using RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers. Some of these have been reported to be safe and to have therapeutic value as a CO donor in preclinical and clinical studies. In the present review, we overview the potential of RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers as CO carriers based on the currently available literature evidence for their use in pharmaceutical therapy against intractable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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68
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Calhau IB, Gomes AC, Bruno SM, Coelho AC, Magalhães CIR, Romão CC, Valente AA, Gonçalves IS, Pillinger M. One‐Pot Intercalation Strategy for the Encapsulation of a CO‐Releasing Organometallic Molecule in a Layered Double Hydroxide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B. Calhau
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gomes
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Bruno
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana C. Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República, EAN 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Clara I. R. Magalhães
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Carlos C. Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República, EAN 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Anabela A. Valente
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Isabel S. Gonçalves
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- CICECO ‐ Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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69
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Abstract
Several adverse events have been associated with the infusion of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), including transient hypertension, gastrointestinal, pancreatic/liver enzyme elevation, and cardiac/renal injury in humans. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, the basis of HBOC toxicity is still poorly understood. Scavenging of vascular endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and heme-mediated oxidative side reactions are thought to be the major causes of toxicity. However, based on more recent preclinical studies, oxidative pathways (driven by the heme prosthetic group) seem to play a more prominent role in the overall toxicity of free Hb or HBOCs. HBOCs display a diversity of physicochemical properties, including molecular size/cross-linking characteristics leading to differences in oxygen affinity, allosteric, redox properties, and even oxidative inactivation by protein/heme clearing mechanisms. These diverse characteristics can therefore be manipulated independently, leaving open the possibility of engineering a safe and effective HBOC. To date, several antioxidative strategies have been proposed to counteract the redox side reactions of current generation HBOCs.
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70
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Di Pietro C, Öz HH, Murray TS, Bruscia EM. Targeting the Heme Oxygenase 1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway to Resolve Lung Hyper-Inflammation and Restore a Regulated Immune Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32760278 PMCID: PMC7372134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), lung hyper-inflammation starts early in life and is perpetuated by mucus obstruction and persistent bacterial infections. The continuous tissue damage and scarring caused by non-resolving inflammation leads to bronchiectasis and, ultimately, respiratory failure. Macrophages (MΦs) are key regulators of immune response and host defense. We and others have shown that, in CF, MΦs are hyper-inflammatory and exhibit reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, MΦs contribute to the inability of CF lung tissues to control the inflammatory response or restore tissue homeostasis. The non-resolving hyper-inflammation in CF lungs is attributed to an impairment of several signaling pathways associated with resolution of the inflammatory response, including the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway. HO-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme groups, leading to the production of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal mediators, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO. This pathway is fundamental to re-establishing cellular homeostasis in response to various insults, such as oxidative stress and infection. Monocytes/MΦs rely on abundant induction of the HO-1/CO pathway for a controlled immune response and for potent bactericidal activity. Here, we discuss studies showing that blunted HO-1 activation in CF-affected cells contributes to hyper-inflammation and defective host defense against bacteria. We dissect potential cellular mechanisms that may lead to decreased HO-1 induction in CF cells. We review literature suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be beneficial for the treatment of CF lung disease. Finally, we discuss recent studies highlighting how endogenous HO-1 can be induced by administration of controlled doses of CO to reduce lung hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and dysfunctional ion transport, which are all hallmarks of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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71
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Yang X, de Caestecker M, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury. Med Res Rev 2020. [PMID: 31820474 DOI: 10.1012/med.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Treating acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an important unmet medical need both in terms of the seriousness of this medical problem and the number of patients. There is also a large untapped market opportunity in treating AKI. Over the years, there has been much effort in search of therapeutics with minimal success. However, over the same time period, new understanding of the underlying pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of kidney injury have undoubtedly helped the search for new therapeutics. Along this line, carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent because of its demonstrated cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. CO has also been shown to sensitize cancer, but not normal cells, to chemotherapy. This is particularly important in treating cisplatin-induced AKI, a common clinical problem that develops in patients receiving cisplatin therapies for a number of different solid organ malignancies. This review will examine and make the case that CO be developed into a therapeutic agent against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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72
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Zhou S, Mou Y, Liu M, Du Q, Ali B, Ramprasad J, Qiao C, Hu LF, Ji X. Insights into the Mechanism of Thiol-Triggered COS/H 2S Release from N-Dithiasuccinoyl Amines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8352-8359. [PMID: 32496068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide (COS) to form H2S by carbonic anhydrase has been demonstrated to be a viable strategy to deliver H2S in a biological system. Herein, we describe N-dithiasuccinoyl amines as thiol-triggered COS/H2S donors. Notably, thiol species especially GSH and homocysteine can trigger the release of both COS and H2S directly from several specific analogues via an unexpected mechanism. Importantly, two representative analogues Dts-1 and Dts-5 show intracellular H2S release, and Dts-1 imparts potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-challenged microglia cells. In conclusion, N-dithiasuccinoyl amine could serve as promising COS/H2S donors for either H2S biological studies or H2S-based therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yujie Mou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Qian Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jurupula Ramprasad
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.,Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
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73
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Popova M, Soboleva T, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. CO Sense and Release Flavonols: Progress toward the Development of an Analyte Replacement PhotoCORM for Use in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10021-10033. [PMID: 32391490 PMCID: PMC7203955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a signaling molecule in humans. Prior research suggests that therapeutic levels of CO can have beneficial effects in treating a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. To facilitate understanding of the role of CO in biology, molecules that enable fluorescence detection of CO in living systems have emerged as an important class of chemical tools. A key unmet challenge in this field is the development of fluorescent analyte replacement probes that replenish the CO that is consumed during detection. Herein, we report the first examples of CO sense and release molecules that involve combining a common CO-sensing motif with a light-triggered CO-releasing flavonol scaffold. A notable advantage of the flavonol-based CO sense and release motif is that it is trackable via fluorescence in both its pre- and postsensing (pre-CO release) forms. In vitro studies revealed that the PdCl2 and Ru(II)-containing CORM-2 used in the CO sensing step can result in metal coordination to the flavonol, which minimizes the subsequent CO release reactivity. However, CO detection followed by CO release is demonstrated in living cells, indicating that a cellular environment mitigates the flavonol/metal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Popova
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Tatiana Soboleva
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department
of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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74
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Stucki D, Krahl H, Walter M, Steinhausen J, Hommel K, Brenneisen P, Stahl W. Effects of frequently applied carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) in typical CO-sensitive model systems - A comparative in vitro study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108383. [PMID: 32335048 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous signaling molecule and is generated enzymatically by heme oxygenases upon degradation of heme to billiverdin. Target structures for intracellular produced CO are heme proteins including cytochrome c oxidase of the respiratory chain, cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, or myoglobin. For studies on CO signaling, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) of different structure are available. Here, three frequently used CORMs (CORM-2, CORM-3 and CORM-401) were studied for their properties to provide CO in biological test systems and address susceptible heme proteins. CO release was investigated in the myoglobin binding assay and found to be rapid (<5 min) with CORM-2- and CORM-3, whereas CORM-401 continuously provided CO (>50 min). Storage stability of CORM stock solutions was also assessed with the myoglobin assay. Only CORM-401 stock solutions were stable over a period of 7 days. Incubation of CORMs with recombinant cytochrome P450 led to an inhibition of enzyme activity. However, only CORM-3 and CORM-401 proved to be suitable in this test system because controls with the inactivated CORM-2 (iCORM-2) also led to a loss of enzyme activity. The impact of CORMs on the respiratory chain was investigated with high resolution respirometry and extracellular flux technology. In the first approach interferences of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with oxygen measurement occurred, since a rapid depletion of oxygen was detected in the medium even when no cells were present. However, CORM-401 did not interfere with oxygen measurement and the expected inhibition of cellular respiration was observed. CORM-2 was not suitable for use in oxygen measurements with the extracellular flux technology and CORM-3 application did not show any effect in this system. However, CO-dependent inhibition of cellular respiration was observed with CORM-401. Based on the present experiments it is concluded, that CORM-401 produced most reliable CO-specific results for the modulation of typical CO targets. For studies on CO-dependent biological effects on intracellular heme groups, CORM-2 and CORM-3 were less suitable. Depending on the experimental setting, data achieved with these compounds should be evaluated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heide Krahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhausen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Hommel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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75
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Cheng J, Zheng B, Cheng S, Zhang G, Hu J. Metal-free carbon monoxide-releasing micelles undergo tandem photochemical reactions for cutaneous wound healing. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4499-4507. [PMID: 34122908 PMCID: PMC8159483 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has shown broad biomedical applications. The site-specific delivery and controlled release of CO is of crucial importance to achieve maximum therapeutic benefits. The development of carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing polymers (CORPs) can increase the stability, optimize pharmacokinetic behavior, and reduce the side effects of small molecule precursors. However, almost all established CORPs were synthesized through a post functional approach, although the direct polymerization strategy is more powerful in controlling the chain compositions and architectures. Herein, a direct polymerization strategy is proposed toward metal-free CO-releasing polymers (CORPs) based on photoresponsive 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) derivatives. Such CO-releasing amphiphiles self-assemble into micelles, having excellent water-dispersity. Intriguingly, photo-triggered tandem photochemical reactions confer successive fluorescence transitions from blue-to-red-to-colorless, enabling self-reporting CO release in vitro and in vivo as a result of the incorporation of 3-HF derivatives. More importantly, the localized CO delivery of CORPs by taking advantage of the spatiotemporal control of light stimulus outperformed conventional metal carbonyls such as CORMs in terms of anti-inflammation and cutaneous wound healing. This work opens a novel avenue toward metal-free CORPs for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University Hefei Anhui 230061 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
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76
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An SY, Su YY, Qi X, Zhang RL, Ma YL, Zhao JS. Photoinduced reactivity and cytotoxicity of a series of zinc(II)–flavonolate derivative complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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77
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Pinto MN, Mascharak PK. Light-assisted and remote delivery of carbon monoxide to malignant cells and tissues: Photochemotherapy in the spotlight. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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78
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Yuan Z, Yang X, De La Cruz LK, Wang B. Nitro reduction-based fluorescent probes for carbon monoxide require reactivity involving a ruthenium carbonyl moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2190-2193. [PMID: 31971171 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several arylnitro-based fluorescent CO probes have been reported. The design was based on CO's ability to reduce an arylnitro group for fluorescence turn-on. In this work, we assessed the response of three published arylnitro-based fluorescent CO probes, namely COFP, LysoFP-NO2, and NIR-CO toward CO from various sources. We found that only ruthenium-based CO releasing molecules (CO-RMs) were able to turn on the fluorescence while pure CO gas and CO from other sources did not turn-on the probe in the absence of ruthenium. Further experiments with different ruthenium complexes indicate that the reduction of arylnitro group requires the ruthenium carbonyl complex as an essential ingredient. As further confirmation, we also conducted the reduction of the nitro group in a p-nitrobenzamide compound and came to the same conclusion. As such, COFP and related arynitro-based probes are able to sense CORM-2 and CORM-3, but not CO in general. Our findings also indicate the need to use CO from various sources in future assessment of new CO probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
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Adach W, Olas B. A comparison of multifunctional donors of carbon monoxide: Their anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-aggregatory and cytotoxicity activities in an in vitro model. Nitric Oxide 2020; 97:20-26. [PMID: 32006712 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study examines the effect of two water-soluble carbon monoxide (CO) donors, CORM-3 and CORM-A1, on selected parameters of oxidative stress and hemostasis in human plasma and blood platelets in vitro. It also compares their activity with that of the lipid-soluble CORM-2. The oxidation of amino acid residues in plasma proteins was evaluated by measuring the amounts of thiol and carbonyl groups. Plasma lipid peroxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration. In addition, three haemostatic parameters of plasma were studied, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT), and one haemostatic parameter of platelets (platelet aggregation). Treatment with CORM-3 and CORM-A1 (all concentrations from 0.1 to 100 μM) decreased thiol group oxidation induced by H2O2/Fe. Incubation with CORM-3 and CORM-A1 also influenced plasma coagulation activity, e.g. CORM-3 and CORM-A1 significantly prolonged TT at the two highest tested concentrations (50 and 100 μM). Only CORM-2 at the highest tested concentration (100 μM) and CORM-3 (50 and 100 μM) reduced platelet aggregation induced by ADP. None of the tested CORMs caused platelet damage. The treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cardiovascular diseases, may be enhanced by the administration of CO donors CORM-2 and CORM-3, these being modulators of oxidative stress and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Adach
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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80
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Kaur K, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB. The Benefits of Macromolecular/Supramolecular Approaches in Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery: A Review of Polymeric and Self-Assembled Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:79-95. [PMID: 31691577 PMCID: PMC6918872 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cell homeostasis and redox balance are regulated in part by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule known as a gasotransmitter. Given its biological roles, H2S has promising therapeutic potential, but controlled delivery of this reactive and hazardous gas is challenging due to its promiscuity, rapid diffusivity, and toxicity at high doses. Macromolecular and supramolecular drug delivery systems are vital for the effective delivery of many active pharmaceutical ingredients, and H2S stands to benefit greatly from the tunable physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of polymeric and/or self-assembled drug delivery systems. Recent Advances: Several types of H2S-releasing macro- and supramolecular materials have been developed in the past 5 years, and the field is expanding quickly. Slow-releasing polymers, polymer assemblies, polymer nano- and microparticles, and self-assembled hydrogels have enabled triggered, sustained, and/or localized H2S delivery, and many of these materials are more potent in biological assays than analogous small-molecule H2S donors. Critical Issues: H2S plays a role in a number of (patho)physiological processes, including redox balance, ion channel regulation, modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, and more. Chemical tools designed to (i) deliver H2S to study these processes, and (ii) exploit H2S signaling pathways for treatment of diseases require control over the timing, rate, duration, and location of release. Future Directions: Development of new material approaches for H2S delivery that enable long-term, triggered, localized, and/or targeted delivery of the gas will enable greater understanding of this vital signaling molecule and eventually expedite its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ryan J. Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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81
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Goebel U, Wollborn J. Carbon monoxide in intensive care medicine-time to start the therapeutic application?! Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:2. [PMID: 31919605 PMCID: PMC6952485 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-0292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is not only known as a toxic gas due to its characteristics as an odorless molecule and its rapid binding to haem-containing molecules, thus inhibiting the respiratory chain in cells resulting in hypoxia. For decades, scientists established evidence about its endogenously production in the breakdown of haem via haem-oxygenase (HO-1) and its physiological effects. Among these, the modulation of various systems inside the body are well described (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative). Carbon monoxide is able to modulate several extra- and intra-cellular signaling molecules leading to differentiated response according to the specific stimulus. With our growing understanding in the way CO exerts its effects, especially in the mitochondria and its intracellular pathways, it is tempting to speculate about a clinical application of this substance. Since HO-1 is not easy to induce, research focused on the application of the gaseous molecule CO by itself or the implementation of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RM) to deliver the molecule at a time- and dose dependently safe way to any target organ. After years of research in cellular systems and animal models, summing up data about safety issues as well as possible target to treat in various diseases, the first feasibility trials in humans were established. Up-to-date, safety issues have been cleared for low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation (up to 500 ppm), while there is no clinical data regarding the injection or intake of any kind of CO-RM so far. Current models of human research include sepsis, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as acute kidney injury. Carbon monoxide is a most promising candidate in terms of a therapeutic agent to improve outbalanced organ conditions. In this paper, we summarized the current understanding of carbon monoxide’s biology and its possible organ targets to treating the critically ill patients in tomorrow’s ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Hohenzollernring 70, 48145, Münster, Germany.
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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82
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Keller JW, Ayudhya TI, Dingra NN. Carbon monoxide formation from trimethylamine-boranecarboxylate: DFT studies of SNi and chelotropic mechanisms. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16038-16044. [PMID: 35493645 PMCID: PMC9052891 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01572e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-boranecarboxylic acid (CH3)3N-BH2COOH and other amine carboxyboranes have been observed to undergo slow decarbonylation in neutral aqueous solution. This reaction, when it occurs in vivo, may have a therapeutic effect by delivering low concentrations of carbon monoxide over an extended period. In order to identify a possible mechanistic pathway for decarbonylation, the smallest tertiary amine derivative and its corresponding carboxylate ion were studied using CCSD(T)/PCM/6-311++G(2d,p)//M06-2X/PCM/6-311++G(2d,p) model chemistry. The proposed mechanistic pathway begins with a trimethylamine boranecarboxylate ion, which first undergoes an internal substitution reaction (SNi) to give free amine and the carboxyborane anion BH2COO−. The latter cyclic ion then releases CO via a rapid chelotropic fragmentation. The role of water solvent in these reactions was explored by structural and energetic analysis of hydrogen-bonded complexes. It was found that complexation with water inhibits dissociation of trimethylamine by stabilizing the trimethylamine carboxyborane anion, whereas water accelerates CO loss by stabilizing the polar chelotropic transition state. According to a DFT model, CO is formed from trimethylamine boranecarboxylate, a carbon monoxide releasing molecular pro-drug (CORM), via initial SNi subsitution followed by chelotropic fragmentation of the resulting cyclic carboxyborane anion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Alaska Fairbanks
- Fairbanks
- USA
| | | | - Nin N. Dingra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas of the Permian Basin
- Odessa
- USA
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83
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Suchland B, Malassa A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Iron(I)‐Based Carbonyl Complexes with Bridging Thiolate Ligands as Light‐Triggered CO Releasing Molecules (photoCORMs). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Suchland
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry 1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Astrid Malassa
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry 1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry 1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry 1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry 1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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84
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Yang X, de Caestecker M, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1147-1177. [PMID: 31820474 DOI: 10.1002/med.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treating acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an important unmet medical need both in terms of the seriousness of this medical problem and the number of patients. There is also a large untapped market opportunity in treating AKI. Over the years, there has been much effort in search of therapeutics with minimal success. However, over the same time period, new understanding of the underlying pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of kidney injury have undoubtedly helped the search for new therapeutics. Along this line, carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent because of its demonstrated cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. CO has also been shown to sensitize cancer, but not normal cells, to chemotherapy. This is particularly important in treating cisplatin-induced AKI, a common clinical problem that develops in patients receiving cisplatin therapies for a number of different solid organ malignancies. This review will examine and make the case that CO be developed into a therapeutic agent against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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85
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Yan H, Du J, Zhu S, Nie G, Zhang H, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Emerging Delivery Strategies of Carbon Monoxide for Therapeutic Applications: from CO Gas to CO Releasing Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904382. [PMID: 31663244 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) therapy has emerged as a hot topic under exploration in the field of gas therapy as it shows the promise of treating various diseases. Due to the gaseous property and the high affinity for human hemoglobin, the main challenges of administrating medicinal CO are the lack of target selectivity as well as the toxic profile at relatively high concentrations. Although abundant CO releasing molecules (CORMs) with the capacity to deliver CO in biological systems have been developed, several disadvantages related to CORMs, including random diffusion, poor solubility, potential toxicity, and lack of on-demand CO release in deep tissue, still confine their practical use. Recently, the advent of versatile nanomedicine has provided a promising chance for improving the properties of naked CORMs and simultaneously realizing the therapeutic applications of CO. This review presents a brief summarization of the emerging delivery strategies of CO based on nanomaterials for therapeutic application. First, an introduction covering the therapeutic roles of CO and several frequently used CORMs is provided. Then, recent advancements in the synthesis and application of versatile CO releasing nanomaterials are elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of these important delivery strategies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Yan
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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86
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Heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide as modulators of autophagy and inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108186. [PMID: 31704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation to generate biliverdin-IXα, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The HO-1/CO system confers cytoprotection in animal models of organ injury and disease, via modulation of inflammation and apoptosis. Recent studies have uncovered novel anti-inflammatory targets of HO-1/CO including regulation of the autophagy and inflammasome pathways. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent program for the turnover of cellular organelles such as mitochondria, proteins, and pathogens; which may downregulate inflammatory processes. Therapeutic modulation of autophagy by CO has been demonstrated in models of sepsis. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulates the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CO can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines production and promote the resolution of inflammation by upregulating the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Mitochondria may represent a proximal target of HO-1/CO action. HO-1 may localize to mitochondria in response to stress, while CO can moderate mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and biogenesis. The interplay between mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the regulation and resolution of inflammation may make important contributions to the protection afforded by HO-1/CO in cellular and organ injury models. Recent studies have continued to explore the potential of CO for clinical applications.
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87
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Design and Synthesis of New Protease‐Triggered CO‐Releasing Peptide–Metal‐Complex Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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88
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Kubeil M, Joshi T, Wood BR, Stephan H. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Photodecarbonylation Study of a Dicarbonyl Ruthenium(II)-Bisquinoline Complex. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:637-642. [PMID: 31139553 PMCID: PMC6530819 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A photoactivatable ruthenium(II) carbonyl complex mer,cis-[Ru(II)Cl(BisQ)(CO)2]PF6 2 was prepared using a tridentate bisquinoline ligand (BisQ=(2,6-diquinolin-2-yl)pyridin). Compound 2 was thoroughly characterized by standard analytical methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the complex cation reveals a distorted octahedral geometry. The decarbonylation upon exposure to 350 and 420 nm light was monitored by UV/VIS absorbance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies in acetonitrile and 1 % (v/v) DMSO in water, respectively. The kinetic of the photodecarbonylation has been elucidated by multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares analysis. The stepwise decarbonylation follows a serial mechanism. The first decarbonylation occurs very quickly whereas the second decarbonylation step proceeds more slowly. Moreover, the second rate constant is lower in 1 % (v/v) DMSO in water than in acetonitrile. In comparison to 350 nm irradiation, exposure to 420 nm light in acetonitrile results in a lower second rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz – Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz – Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Bayden R. Wood
- School of Chemistry and Centre for BiospectroscopyMonash UniversityClayton, Victoria3800Australia
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz – Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
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89
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Daniels HG, Fast OG, Shell SM, Beckford FA. Chemistry and biology of manganese carbon-releasing molecules containing thiosemicarbazone ligands. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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90
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Ji X, Pan Z, Li C, Kang T, De La Cruz LKC, Yang L, Yuan Z, Ke B, Wang B. Esterase-Sensitive and pH-Controlled Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs for Treating Systemic Inflammation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3163-3168. [PMID: 30816714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck for developing CO-based therapeutics is the lack of a safe and controllable delivery form. Herein, we describe efforts toward organic CO prodrugs with dual-responsive endogenous triggers. One representative CO prodrug showed significant anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in a LPS-simulated systemic inflammation model. These results firmly establish such CO prodrugs as either research tools or candidate compounds for the treatment of systemic inflammation or inflammation related organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215021 , China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Chunjie Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Ting Kang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Ladie Kimberly C De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
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91
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Ji X, Pan Z, Yu B, De La Cruz LK, Zheng Y, Ke B, Wang B. Click and release: bioorthogonal approaches to “on-demand” activation of prodrugs. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1077-1094. [PMID: 30724944 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in using bioorthogonal chemistry in prodrug design for the delivery of traditional small molecule- and gasotransmitter-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Translational Neuroscience Center
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Translational Neuroscience Center
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
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92
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Aucott BJ, Eastwood JB, Anders Hammarback L, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Insight into the mechanism of CO-release from trypto-CORM using ultra-fast spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16426-16436. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of trypto-CORM results in ultra-fast CO-dissociation and formation of a 16-e triplet followed by solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
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93
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Abstract
Inhalation of high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) is known to lead to serious systemic complications and neuronal disturbances. However, it has been found that not only is CO produced endogenously, but also that low concentrations can bestow beneficial effects which may be of interest in biology and medicine. As translocation of CO through the human organism is difficult, small molecules known as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) deliver controlled amounts of CO to biological systems, and these are of great interest from a medical point of view. These actions may prevent vascular dysfunction, regulate blood pressure, inhibit blood platelet aggregation or have anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes the functions of various CO-releasing molecules in biology and medicine.
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94
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Yu L, Hu P, Chen Y. Gas-Generating Nanoplatforms: Material Chemistry, Multifunctionality, and Gas Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801964. [PMID: 30066474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The fast advances of theranostic nanomedicine enable the rational design and construction of diverse functional nanoplatforms for versatile biomedical applications, among which gas-generating nanoplatforms (GGNs) have emerged very recently as unique theranostic nanoplatforms for broad gas therapies. Here, the recent developments of the rational design and chemical construction of versatile GGNs for efficient gas therapies by either exogenous physical triggers or endogenous disease-environment responsiveness are reviewed. These gases involve some therapeutic gases that can directly change disease status, such as oxygen (O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and other gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2 ), dl-menthol (DLM), and gaseous perfluorocarbon (PFC) for supplementary assistance of the theranostic process. Abundant nanocarriers have been adopted for gas delivery into lesions, including poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid), micelles, silica/mesoporous silica, organosilica, MnO2 , graphene, Bi2 Se3 , upconversion nanoparticles, CaCO3 , etc. Especially, these GGNs have been successfully developed for versatile biomedical applications, including diagnostic imaging and therapeutic use. The biosafety issue, challenges faced, and future developments on the rational construction of GGNs are also discussed for further promotion of their clinical translation to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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95
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Larsen EM, Johnson RJ. Microbial esterases and ester prodrugs: An unlikely marriage for combating antibiotic resistance. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:33-47. [PMID: 30302779 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates the search for new platforms for drug development. Prodrugs are common tools for overcoming drawbacks typically associated with drug formulation and delivery, with ester prodrugs providing a classic strategy for masking polar alcohol and carboxylic acid functionalities and improving cell permeability. Ester prodrugs are normally designed to have simple ester groups, as they are expected to be cleaved and reactivated by a wide spectrum of cellular esterases. However, a number of pathogenic and commensal microbial esterases have been found to possess significant substrate specificity and can play an unexpected role in drug metabolism. Ester protection can also introduce antimicrobial properties into previously nontoxic drugs through alterations in cell permeability or solubility. Finally, mutation to microbial esterases is a novel mechanism for the development of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we highlight the important pathogenic and xenobiotic functions of microbial esterases and discuss the development and application of ester prodrugs for targeting microbial infections and combating antibiotic resistance. Esterases are often overlooked as therapeutic targets. Yet, with the growing need to develop new antibiotics, a thorough understanding of the specificity and function of microbial esterases and their combined action with ester prodrug antibiotics will support the design of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - R Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Van Dingenen J, Steiger C, Zehe M, Meinel L, Lefebvre RA. Investigation of orally delivered carbon monoxide for postoperative ileus. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:306-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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97
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Jiménez-Amezcua I, Carmona FJ, Romero-García I, Quirós M, Cenis JL, Lozano-Pérez AA, Maldonado CR, Barea E. Silk fibroin nanoparticles as biocompatible nanocarriers of a novel light-responsive CO-prodrug. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10434-10438. [PMID: 29999505 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
[Mn(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridine)(PPh3)](ClO4) (1), a novel photoactive CO-releasing molecule, has been prepared and fully characterized. Besides, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been used, for the first time, as vehicles of 1 leading to the hybrid material 1@SFNs that shows an enhanced CO-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jiménez-Amezcua
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Romero-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Cenis
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), La Alberca (Murcia), 30150, Spain
| | - A Abel Lozano-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), La Alberca (Murcia), 30150, Spain
| | - Carmen R Maldonado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Barea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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98
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide is widely acknowledged as an important gasotransmitter in the mammalian system with importance on par with that of nitric oxide. It has also been firmly established as a potential therapeutic agent with a wide range of indications including organ transplantation, cancer, bacterial infection, and inflammation-related conditions such as colitis and sepsis. One major issue in developing CO based therapeutics is its delivery in a pharmaceutically acceptable form. Currently, there are generally five forms of deliveries: inhaled CO, photosensitive CO-releasing molecules, encapsulated CO, CO dissolved in drinks, and molecules that would release CO under physiological conditions without the need for light. For over a decade, the last category only included metal-based CO releasing molecules. What had been missing were organic CO prodrugs, which release CO under physiological conditions with tunable rates and in response to various exogenous and endogenous triggers such as water, chemical reagents, esterase, ROS, and changes in pH. This Account describes our work in this area as well as the demonstration for these organic prodrugs to recapitulate CO's pharmacological effects both in vitro and in vivo. Generally, two categories of CO prodrugs have been developed in our lab. Both can be considered as precursors of norbornadien-7-ones, which readily undergo cheletropic reaction under very mild conditions to extrude CO. The first category of CO prodrugs capitalizes on the inter- and intramolecular inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (DAinv) reaction to trigger CO release under physiological conditions. As for the bimolecular CO prodrugs, we proposed a new concept of "enrichment triggered CO release" by conjugating both components with a mitochondria-targeting moiety to achieve targeted CO delivery with improved biological outcomes in vitro and in vivo. As for the unimolecular CO prodrugs, the release half-lives can be readily tuned from minutes to days by varying the substituents on the dienone ring, the tethering linker, and the alkyne. Some significant structure-release rates relationships (SRRs) have been unveiled. An esterase-activated CO prodrug and a cascade prodrug system for co-delivery of CO and another payload have also been devised using such an intramolecular click and release strategy. The second category of CO prodrugs leverage on an elimination reaction to generate norbornadien-7-ones for CO release from norborn-2-en-7-ones. In the case of pH-sensitive ones, the CO release is triggered by β-elimination, and the release rate can be quantitatively predicted using the Hammett constant of the substituents on the leaving group. The ROS-activated ones take advantage of ROS-induced selenoxide elimination to achieve targeted CO delivery to disease sites with elevated ROS level. We strongly believe that these CO prodrugs could serve as powerful tools for CO-associated biological studies and are promising candidates for ultimate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 United States
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Wang W, Ji X, Du Z, Wang B. Sulfur dioxide prodrugs: triggered release of SO 2via a click reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1370-1373. [PMID: 28070577 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is being recognized as a possible endogenous gasotransmitter with importance on par with that of NO, CO, and H2S. Herein we describe a series of SO2 prodrugs that are activated for SO2 release via a bioorthogonal click reaction. The release rate can be tuned by adjusting the substituents on the prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
| | - Zhenming Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
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100
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Carbon monoxide protects the kidney through the central circadian clock and CD39. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2302-E2310. [PMID: 29463714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716747115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the predominant tissue insult associated with organ transplantation. Treatment with carbon monoxide (CO) modulates the innate immune response associated with IRI and accelerates tissue recovery. The mechanism has been primarily descriptive and ascribed to the ability of CO to influence inflammation, cell death, and repair. In a model of bilateral kidney IRI in mice, we elucidate an intricate relationship between CO and purinergic signaling involving increased CD39 ectonucleotidase expression, decreased expression of Adora1, with concomitant increased expression of Adora2a/2b. This response is linked to a >20-fold increase in expression of the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (Per2) and a fivefold increase in serum erythropoietin (EPO), both of which contribute to abrogation of kidney IRI. CO is ineffective against IRI in Cd39-/- and Per2-/- mice or in the presence of a neutralizing antibody to EPO. Collectively, these data elucidate a cellular signaling mechanism whereby CO modulates purinergic responses and circadian rhythm to protect against injury. Moreover, these effects involve CD39- and adenosinergic-dependent stabilization of Per2. As CO also increases serum EPO levels in human volunteers, these findings continue to support therapeutic use of CO to treat IRI in association with organ transplantation, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
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