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Raizen DM, Mullington J, Anaclet C, Clarke G, Critchley H, Dantzer R, Davis R, Drew KL, Fessel J, Fuller PM, Gibson EM, Harrington M, Ian Lipkin W, Klerman EB, Klimas N, Komaroff AL, Koroshetz W, Krupp L, Kuppuswamy A, Lasselin J, Lewis LD, Magistretti PJ, Matos HY, Miaskowski C, Miller AH, Nath A, Nedergaard M, Opp MR, Ritchie MD, Rogulja D, Rolls A, Salamone JD, Saper C, Whittemore V, Wylie G, Younger J, Zee PC, Craig Heller H. Beyond the symptom: the biology of fatigue. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad069. [PMID: 37224457 PMCID: PMC10485572 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A workshop titled "Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue" was held virtually September 27-28, 2021. It was jointly organized by the Sleep Research Society and the Neurobiology of Fatigue Working Group of the NIH Blueprint Neuroscience Research Program. For access to the presentations and video recordings, see: https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/about/event/beyond-symptom-biology-fatigue. The goals of this workshop were to bring together clinicians and scientists who use a variety of research approaches to understand fatigue in multiple conditions and to identify key gaps in our understanding of the biology of fatigue. This workshop summary distills key issues discussed in this workshop and provides a list of promising directions for future research on this topic. We do not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the state of our understanding of fatigue, nor to provide a comprehensive reprise of the many excellent presentations. Rather, our goal is to highlight key advances and to focus on questions and future approaches to answering them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Raizen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet Mullington
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Josh Fessel
- Division of Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mary Harrington
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anthony L Komaroff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Krupp
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Anna Kuppuswamy
- University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heidi Y Matos
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Opp
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Penn Center for Precision Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dragana Rogulja
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asya Rolls
- Rappaport Institute for Medical Research, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Clifford Saper
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glenn Wylie
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center at Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Jarred Younger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Craig Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University and Sleep Research Society, Stanford, CA, USA
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De Luca R, Nardone S, Grace KP, Venner A, Cristofolini M, Bandaru SS, Sohn LT, Kong D, Mochizuki T, Viberti B, Zhu L, Zito A, Scammell TE, Saper CB, Lowell BB, Fuller PM, Arrigoni E. Orexin neurons inhibit sleep to promote arousal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4163. [PMID: 35851580 PMCID: PMC9293990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals lacking orexin neurons exhibit daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks, and state instability. While the circuit basis by which orexin neurons contribute to consolidated wakefulness remains unclear, existing models posit that orexin neurons provide their wake-stabilizing influence by exerting excitatory tone on other brain arousal nodes. Here we show using in vivo optogenetics, in vitro optogenetic-based circuit mapping, and single-cell transcriptomics that orexin neurons also contribute to arousal maintenance through indirect inhibition of sleep-promoting neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Activation of this subcortical circuit rapidly drives wakefulness from sleep by differentially modulating the activity of ventrolateral preoptic neurons. We further identify and characterize a feedforward circuit through which orexin (and co-released glutamate) acts to indirectly target and inhibit sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic neurons to produce arousal. This revealed circuitry provides an alternate framework for understanding how orexin neurons contribute to the maintenance of consolidated wakefulness and stabilize behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin P Grace
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michela Cristofolini
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lauren T Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center. Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takatoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering. University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Bianca Viberti
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
How does dopamine, the brain's pleasure signal, regulate the dream stage of sleep?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Abstract
Histamine is a small monoamine signaling molecule that plays a role in many peripheral and central physiological processes, including the regulation of wakefulness. The tuberomammillary nucleus is the sole neuronal source of histamine in the brain, and histamine neurons are thought to promote wakefulness and vigilance maintenance - under certain environmental and/or behavioral contexts - through their diffuse innervation of the cortex and other wake-promoting brain circuits. Histamine neurons also contain a number of other putative neurotransmitters, although the functional role of these co-transmitters remains incompletely understood. Within the brain histamine operates through three receptor subtypes that are located on pre- and post-synaptic membranes. Some histamine receptors exhibit constitutive activity, and hence exist in an activated state even in the absence of histamine. Newer medications used to reduce sleepiness in narcolepsy patients in fact enhance histamine signaling by blunting the constitutive activity of these histamine receptors. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the central histamine system with an emphasis on its role in behavioral state regulation and how drugs targeting histamine receptors are used clinically to treat a wide range of sleep-wake disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Huang C, Rosencrans RF, Bugescu R, Vieira CP, Hu P, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Gamble KL, Longhini ALF, Fuller PM, Leinninger GM, Grant MB. Depleting hypothalamic somatostatinergic neurons recapitulates diabetic phenotypes in mouse brain, bone marrow, adipose and retina. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2575-2588. [PMID: 34430981 PMCID: PMC9004546 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hypothalamic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity are hallmark features of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic inflammation may aggravate metabolic and immunological pathologies due to extensive sympathetic activation of peripheral tissues. Loss of somatostatinergic (SST) neurons may contribute to enhanced hypothalamic inflammation. METHODS The present data show that leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice exhibit reduced hypothalamic SST neurons, particularly in the periventricular nucleus. We model this finding, using adeno-associated virus delivery of diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) driven by an SST-cre system to deplete these neurons in Sstcre/gfp mice (SST-DTA). RESULTS SST-DTA mice exhibit enhanced hypothalamic c-Fos expression and brain inflammation as demonstrated by microglial and astrocytic activation. Bone marrow from SST-DTA mice undergoes skewed haematopoiesis, generating excess granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and increased proinflammatory (C-C chemokine receptor type 2; CCR2hi) monocytes. SST-DTA mice exhibited a 'diabetic retinopathy-like' phenotype: reduced visual function by optokinetic response (0.4 vs 0.25 cycles/degree; SST-DTA vs control mice); delayed electroretinogram oscillatory potentials; and increased percentages of retinal monocytes. Finally, mesenteric visceral adipose tissue from SST-DTA mice was resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis, displaying 50% reduction in isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced lipolysis compared with control littermates. Importantly, hyperglycaemia was not observed in SST-DTA mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The isolated reduction in hypothalamic SST neurons was able to recapitulate several hallmark features of type 2 diabetes in disease-relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert F Rosencrans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiano P Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ana Leda F Longhini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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6
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Venner A, Broadhurst RY, Sohn LT, Todd WD, Fuller PM. Selective activation of serotoninergic dorsal raphe neurons facilitates sleep through anxiolysis. Sleep 2021; 43:5573750. [PMID: 31553451 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for the brain's serotoninergic (5HT) system in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness has been long suggested. Yet, previous studies employing pharmacological, lesion and genetically driven approaches have produced inconsistent findings, leaving 5HT's role in sleep-wake regulation incompletely understood. Here we sought to define the specific contribution of 5HT neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN5HT) to sleep and arousal control. To do this, we employed a chemogenetic strategy to selectively and acutely activate DRN5HT neurons and monitored sleep-wake using electroencephalogram recordings. We additionally assessed indices of anxiety using the open field and elevated plus maze behavioral tests and employed telemetric-based recordings to test effects of acute DRN5HT activation on body temperature and locomotor activity. Our findings indicate that the DRN5HT cell population may not modulate sleep-wake per se, but rather that its activation has apparent anxiolytic properties, suggesting the more nuanced view that DRN5HT neurons are sleep permissive under circumstances that produce anxiety or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Y Broadhurst
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren T Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William D Todd
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Siracusa R, Schaufler A, Calabrese V, Fuller PM, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide: from Poison to Clinical Trials. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:329-339. [PMID: 33781582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Every cell has a highly sophisticated system for regulating heme levels, which is particularly important with regard to turnover. Heme degradation generates CO and while CO has long been viewed as a metabolic waste product, and at higher concentrations cellularly lethal, we now know that CO is an indispensable gasotransmitter that participates in fundamental physiological processes necessary for survival. Irrefutable preclinical data have resulted in concerted efforts to develop CO as a safe and effective therapeutic agent, but against this notion lies dogma that CO is a poison, especially to the brain. The emergence of this debate is discussed here highlighting the neuroprotective properties of CO through its role on the central circadian clock and ongoing strategies being developed for CO administration for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98166
| | - Alexa Schaufler
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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Azimaraghi O, Hammer M, Santer P, Platzbecker K, Althoff FC, Patrocinio M, Grabitz SD, Wongtangman K, Rumyantsev S, Xu X, Schaefer MS, Fuller PM, Subramaniam B, Eikermann M. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038474. [PMID: 32690536 PMCID: PMC7371384 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia frequently occurs in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Sleep-promoting agents may reduce rapid eye movement sleep and have deliriogenic effects. Suvorexant (Belsomra) is an orexin receptor antagonist with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of adult insomnia, which improves sleep onset and maintenance as well as subjective measures of quality of sleep. This trial will evaluate the efficacy of postoperative oral suvorexant treatment on night-time wakefulness after persistent sleep onset as well as the incidence and duration of delirium among adult cardiac surgical patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we will enrol 120 patients, aged 60 years or older, undergoing elective cardiac surgery with planned postoperative admission to the ICU. Participants will be randomised to receive oral suvorexant (20 mg) or placebo one time a day starting the night after extubation. The primary outcome will be wakefulness after persistent sleep onset. The secondary outcome will be total sleep time. Exploratory outcomes will include time to sleep onset, incidence of postoperative in-hospital delirium, number of delirium-free days and subjective sleep quality. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained through the 'Committee on Clinical Investigations' at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (protocol number 2019P000759). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 17 September 2019 (NCT04092894).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimaraghi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximilian Hammer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Santer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Platzbecker
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friederike C Althoff
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Patrocinio
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie D Grabitz
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karuna Wongtangman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandra Rumyantsev
- Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinling Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximilian S Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Eikermann
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Kaur S, De Luca R, Khanday MA, Bandaru SS, Thomas RC, Broadhurst RY, Venner A, Todd WD, Fuller PM, Arrigoni E, Saper CB. Role of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons in hypercapnia-induced arousals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2769. [PMID: 32488015 PMCID: PMC7265411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During obstructive sleep apnea, elevation of CO2 during apneas contributes to awakening and restoring airway patency. We previously found that glutamatergic neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBel) containing calcitonin gene related peptide (PBelCGRP neurons) are critical for causing arousal during hypercapnia. However, others found that genetic deletion of serotonin (5HT) neurons in the brainstem also prevented arousal from hypercapnia. To examine interactions between the two systems, we showed that dorsal raphe (DR) 5HT neurons selectively targeted the PBel. Either genetically directed deletion or acute optogenetic silencing of DRSert neurons dramatically increased the latency of mice to arouse during hypercapnia, as did silencing DRSert terminals in the PBel. This effect was mediated by 5HT2a receptors which are expressed by PBelCGRP neurons. Our results indicate that the serotonergic input from the DR to the PBel via 5HT2a receptors is critical for modulating the sensitivity of the PBelCGRP neurons that cause arousal to rising levels of blood CO2. Dorsal raphe 5HT(DRSert) neurons regulate arousal from hypercapnia by their projections to the neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBel) that are glutamatergic and also express calcitonin gene related peptide (PBelCGRP). The DRSert input to the PBel modulates the arousal system to rising levels of blood CO2, and may be mediated by 5HT2a receptors on the PBelCGRP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mudasir A Khanday
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Renner C Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Broadhurst
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William D Todd
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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10
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Venner A, Fuller PM. 0163 Investigating the Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Containing Neurons of the Ventromedal Preoptic Area in Sleep-Wake Control. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
A role for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in promoting rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been suggested, but the anatomical location of the neurons that release VIP to promote REM sleep has not been identified. Here, we investigated the role of VIP-containing cell groups in the ventromedial preoptic area (VMPOVIP) in sleep-wake regulation. The VMPO has also previously been implicated in thermoregulation and the febrile response.
Methods
We first investigated the native firing activity of VMPOVIP neurons, over repeated sleep-wake cycles, using in vivo fiber photometry in VIP-ires-Cre mice. We next examined the afferent and efferent profile of this cell group using conditional retrograde (pseudotyped modified rabies) and anterograde (adeno-associated viral vector-based) tracers. We finally utilized a chemogenetic strategy to selectively activate VMPOVIP neurons cells while monitoring electroencephalogram/electromyogram activity and core body temperature, in order to determine their role in sleep-wake and thermoregulatory control.
Results
We found that VMPOVIP cells were predominantly and strikingly REM-active, that they received many synaptic inputs from surrounding hypothalamic regions (including the ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus and the arcuate nucleus), and that they targeted established sleep-wake nodes, such as the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray area. To our surprise, chemogenetic activation of the VMPOVIP cell population had little effect upon all measures of sleep-wake analysed and no effect upon core body temperature.
Conclusion
We conclude that VMPOVIP neurons do not promote REM sleep per se. However, their REM-active profile and anatomical connectivity suggest that these neurons may play a functional role in generating certain cardinal features of REM sleep, which is an active focus of on-going research in our laboratory.
Support
SRSF CDA #016-JP-17 to A.V. and NS073613, NS092652 and NS103161 to P.M.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venner
- Harvard Medical School/ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - P M Fuller
- Harvard Medical School/ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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11
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Venner A, De Luca R, Sohn LT, Bandaru SS, Verstegen AMJ, Arrigoni E, Fuller PM. An Inhibitory Lateral Hypothalamic-Preoptic Circuit Mediates Rapid Arousals from Sleep. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4155-4168.e5. [PMID: 31761703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the neuronal populations implicated in sleep-wake control, the ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus has emerged as a key sleep-promoting center. However, the synaptic drives that regulate the VLPO to control arousal levels in vivo have not to date been identified. Here, we show that sleep-promoting galaninergic neurons within the VLPO nucleus, defined pharmacologically and by single-cell transcript analysis, are postsynaptic targets of lateral hypothalamic GABAergic (LHGABA) neurons and that activation of this pathway in vivo rapidly drives wakefulness. Ca2+ imaging from LHGABA neurons indicate that they are both wake and rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep active. Consistent with the potent arousal-promoting property of the LHGABA → VLPO pathway, presynaptic inputs to LHGABA neurons originate from several canonical stress- and arousal-related network nodes. This work represents the first demonstration that direct synaptic inhibition of the VLPO area can suppress sleep-promoting neurons to rapidly promote arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren T Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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12
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De Luca R, Broadhurst RY, Fuller PM, Arrigoni E. 0141 Ascending Projections From Parafacial Zone To The Medial Parabrachial Neurons. Sleep 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Luca
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Broadhurst
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Eikermann
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Holth JK, Fritschi SK, Wang C, Pedersen NP, Cirrito JR, Mahan TE, Finn MB, Manis M, Geerling JC, Fuller PM, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM. The sleep-wake cycle regulates brain interstitial fluid tau in mice and CSF tau in humans. Science 2019; 363:880-884. [PMID: 30679382 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle regulates interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, chronic sleep deprivation (SD) increases Aβ plaques. However, tau, not Aβ, accumulation appears to drive AD neurodegeneration. We tested whether ISF/CSF tau and tau seeding and spreading were influenced by the sleep-wake cycle and SD. Mouse ISF tau was increased ~90% during normal wakefulness versus sleep and ~100% during SD. Human CSF tau also increased more than 50% during SD. In a tau seeding-and-spreading model, chronic SD increased tau pathology spreading. Chemogenetically driven wakefulness in mice also significantly increased both ISF Aβ and tau. Thus, the sleep-wake cycle regulates ISF tau, and SD increases ISF and CSF tau as well as tau pathology spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrah K Holth
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah K Fritschi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory Epilepsy Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas E Mahan
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Beth Finn
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa Manis
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel C Geerling
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Arrigoni E, Chee MJS, Fuller PM. To eat or to sleep: That is a lateral hypothalamic question. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:34-49. [PMID: 30503993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region that is involved in the regulation of many behavioral and physiological processes including feeding, arousal, energy balance, stress, reward and motivated behaviors, pain perception, body temperature regulation, digestive functions and blood pressure. Despite noteworthy experimental efforts over the past decades, the circuit, cellular and synaptic bases by which these different processes are regulated by the LH remains incompletely understood. This knowledge gap links in large part to the high cellular heterogeneity of the LH. Fortunately, the rapid evolution of newer genetic and electrophysiological tools is now permitting the selective manipulation, typically genetically-driven, of discrete LH cell populations. This, in turn, permits not only assignment of function to discrete cell groups, but also reveals that considerable synergistic and antagonistic interactions exist between key LH cell populations that regulate feeding and arousal. For example, we now know that while LH melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin neurons both function as sensors of the internal metabolic environment, their roles regulating sleep and arousal are actually opposing. Additional studies have uncovered similarly important roles for subpopulations of LH GABAergic cells in the regulation of both feeding and arousal. Herein we review the role of LH MCH, orexin/hypocretin and GABAergic cell populations in the regulation of energy homeostasis (including feeding) and sleep-wake and discuss how these three cell populations, and their subpopulations, may interact to optimize and coordinate metabolism, sleep and arousal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Melissa J S Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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16
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Brown J, Sagante A, Mayer T, Wright A, Bugescu R, Fuller PM, Leinninger G. Lateral Hypothalamic Area Neurotensin Neurons Are Required for Control of Orexin Neurons and Energy Balance. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3158-3176. [PMID: 30010830 PMCID: PMC6669822 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is essential for motivated ingestive and locomotor behaviors that impact body weight, yet it remains unclear how the neurochemically defined subpopulations of LHA neurons contribute to energy balance. In particular, the role of the large population of LHA neurotensin (Nts) neurons has remained ambiguous due to the lack of methods to easily visualize and modulate these neurons. Because LHA Nts neurons are activated by leptin and other anorectic cues and they modulate dopamine or local LHA orexin neurons implicated in energy balance, they may have important, unappreciated roles for coordinating behaviors necessary for proper body weight. In this study, we genetically ablated or chemogenetically inhibited LHA Nts neurons in adult mice to determine their necessity for control of motivated behaviors and body weight. Genetic ablation of LHA Nts neurons resulted in profoundly increased adiposity compared with mice with intact LHA Nts neurons, as well as diminished locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and water intake. Complete loss of LHA Nts neurons also led to downregulation of orexin, revealing important cross-talk between the LHA Nts and orexin populations in maintenance of behavior and body weight. In contrast, chemogenetic inhibition of intact LHA Nts neurons did not disrupt orexin expression, but it suppressed locomotor activity and the adaptive response to leptin. Taken together, these data reveal the necessity of LHA Nts neurons and their activation for controlling energy balance, and that LHA Nts neurons influence behavior and body weight via orexin-dependent and orexin-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Andrew Sagante
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Thomas Mayer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anna Wright
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gina Leinninger
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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17
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Machado NLS, Abbott SBG, Resch JM, Zhu L, Arrigoni E, Lowell BB, Fuller PM, Fontes MAP, Saper CB. A Glutamatergic Hypothalamomedullary Circuit Mediates Thermogenesis, but Not Heat Conservation, during Stress-Induced Hyperthermia. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2291-2301.e5. [PMID: 30017482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress elicits a variety of autonomic responses, including hyperthermia (stress fever) in humans and animals. In this present study, we investigated the circuit basis for thermogenesis and heat conservation during this response. We first demonstrated the glutamatergic identity of the dorsal hypothalamic area (DHAVglut2) neurons that innervate the raphe pallidus nucleus (RPa) to regulate core temperature (Tc) and mediate stress-induced hyperthermia. Then, using chemogenetic and optogenetic methods to manipulate this hypothalamomedullary circuit, we found that activation of DHAVglut2 neurons potently drove an increase in Tc, but surprisingly, stress-induced hyperthermia was only reduced by about one-third when they were inhibited. Further investigation showed that DHAVglut2 neurons activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) but do not cause vasoconstriction, instead allowing reflex tail artery vasodilation as a response to BAT-induced hyperthermia. Retrograde rabies virus tracing revealed projections from DHAVglut2 neurons to RPaVglut3, but not to RPaGABA neurons, and identified a set of inputs to DHAVglut2 → RPa neurons that are likely to mediate BAT activation. The dissociation of the DHAVglut2 thermogenic pathway from the thermoregulatory vasoconstriction (heat-conserving) pathway may explain stress flushing (skin vasodilation but a feeling of being too hot) during stressful times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L S Machado
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marco A P Fontes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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18
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Woodworth HL, Batchelor HM, Beekly BG, Bugescu R, Brown JA, Kurt G, Fuller PM, Leinninger GM. Neurotensin Receptor-1 Identifies a Subset of Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons that Coordinates Energy Balance. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1881-1892. [PMID: 28834751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are heterogeneous and differentially regulate ingestive and locomotor behaviors that affect energy balance. Identification of which VTA DA neurons mediate behaviors that limit weight gain has been hindered, however, by the lack of molecular markers to distinguish VTA DA populations. Here, we identified a specific subset of VTA DA neurons that express neurotensin receptor-1 (NtsR1) and preferentially comprise mesolimbic, but not mesocortical, DA neurons. Genetically targeted ablation of VTA NtsR1 neurons uncouples motivated feeding and physical activity, biasing behavior toward energy expenditure and protecting mice from age-related and diet-induced weight gain. VTA NtsR1 neurons thus represent a molecularly defined subset of DA neurons that are essential for the coordination of energy balance. Modulation of VTA NtsR1 neurons may therefore be useful to promote behaviors that prevent the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary L Woodworth
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Hannah M Batchelor
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Bethany G Beekly
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Juliette A Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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19
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Kaur S, Khanday MA, Bandaru SS, Todd W, Fuller PM, Saper CB. 0065 Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Neurons and the Neuronal Circuit for the Hypercapnia Induced Arousal. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Kaur
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M A Khanday
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S S Bandaru
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - W Todd
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - P M Fuller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C B Saper
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Venner A, De Luca R, Arrigoni E, Fuller PM. 0062 Functional and Anatomical Characterization of Lateral Hypothalamic GABA Arousal Circuitry. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Venner
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - R De Luca
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - E Arrigoni
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - P M Fuller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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21
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Broadhurst RY, Venner A, Fuller PM. 0160 The Role of Dorsal Raphe Neurons in Sleep and Wakefulness. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Y Broadhurst
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - A Venner
- Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - P M Fuller
- Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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22
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Pedersen NP, Aiani L, Fuller PM, Saper CB. 0156 Ascending Projections of Identified Neuronal Subpopulations of the Supramammillary Hypothalamus. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - L Aiani
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - P M Fuller
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - C B Saper
- Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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23
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Verstegen AM, Klymko N, Geerling JC, Mathai J, VanderHorst VG, Fuller PM, Zeidel ML. ‘Identifying Brain Networks Controlling Micturition and Continence in Mouse’. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.734.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Hooper A, Fuller PM, Maguire J. Hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons support recognition memory and modulate hippocampal excitability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191363. [PMID: 29346425 PMCID: PMC5773215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling in the hippocampus has been established to be important for mediating the effects of stress on learning and memory. Given our laboratory’s recent characterization of a subset of hippocampal CRH neurons as a novel class of GABAergic interneurons, we hypothesized that these local GABAergic hippocampal CRH neurons may influence hippocampal function. Here we applied an array of molecular tools to selectively label and manipulate hippocampal CRH neurons in mice, in order to assess this interneuron population’s impact on hippocampus-dependent behaviors and hippocampal network excitability. Genetically-targeted ablation of hippocampal CRH neurons in vivo impaired object recognition memory and substantially enhanced the severity of kainic acid-induced seizures. Conversely, selective activation of CRH neurons in vitro suppressed the excitability of the mossy fiber-CA3 pathway. Additional experiments are needed to reconcile the functions of GABA and CRH signaling of hippocampal CRH neurons on hippocampal function. However, our results indicate that this interneuron population plays an important role in maintaining adaptive network excitability, and provide a specific circuit-level mechanism for this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hooper
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick M. Fuller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts
- * E-mail:
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Anaclet C, Griffith K, Fuller PM. Activation of the GABAergic Parafacial Zone Maintains Sleep and Counteracts the Wake-Promoting Action of the Psychostimulants Armodafinil and Caffeine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:415-425. [PMID: 28722021 PMCID: PMC5729562 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that acute and selective activation of GABA-releasing parafacial zone (PZVgat) neurons in behaving mice produces slow-wave-sleep (SWS), even in the absence of sleep deficit, suggesting that these neurons may represent, at least in part, a key cellular substrate underlying sleep drive. It remains, however, to be determined if PZVgat neurons actively maintain, as oppose to simply gate, SWS. To begin to experimentally address this knowledge gap, we asked whether activation of PZVgat neurons could attenuate or block the wake-promoting effects of two widely used wake-promoting psychostimulants, armodafinil or caffeine. We found that activation of PZVgat neurons completely blocked the behavioral and electrocortical wake-promoting action of armodafinil. In some contrast, activation of PZVgat neurons inhibited the behavioral, but not electrocortical, arousal response to caffeine. These results suggest that: (1) PZVgat neurons actively maintain, as oppose to simply gate, SWS and cortical slow-wave-activity; (2) armodafinil cannot exert its wake-promoting effects when PZVgat neurons are activated, intimating a possible shared circuit/molecular basis for mechanism of action; (3) caffeine can continue to exert potent cortical desynchronizing, but not behavioral, effects when PZVgat neurons are activated, inferring a shared and divergent circuit/molecular basis for mechanism of action; and 4) PZVgat neurons represent a key cell population for SWS induction and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Anaclet
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kobi Griffith
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pedersen NP, Ferrari L, Venner A, Wang JL, Abbott SBG, Vujovic N, Arrigoni E, Saper CB, Fuller PM. Supramammillary glutamate neurons are a key node of the arousal system. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1405. [PMID: 29123082 PMCID: PMC5680228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and clinical observations suggest that the caudal hypothalamus comprises a key node of the ascending arousal system, but the cell types underlying this are not fully understood. Here we report that glutamate-releasing neurons of the supramammillary region (SuMvglut2) produce sustained behavioral and EEG arousal when chemogenetically activated. This effect is nearly abolished following selective genetic disruption of glutamate release from SuMvglut2 neurons. Inhibition of SuMvglut2 neurons decreases and fragments wake, also suppressing theta and gamma frequency EEG activity. SuMvglut2 neurons include a subpopulation containing both glutamate and GABA (SuMvgat/vglut2) and another also expressing nitric oxide synthase (SuMNos1/Vglut2). Activation of SuMvgat/vglut2 neurons produces minimal wake and optogenetic stimulation of SuMvgat/vglut2 terminals elicits monosynaptic release of both glutamate and GABA onto dentate granule cells. Activation of SuMNos1/Vglut2 neurons potently drives wakefulness, whereas inhibition reduces REM sleep theta activity. These results identify SuMvglut2 neurons as a key node of the wake−sleep regulatory system. Supramammillary nucleus (SuM) neurons have been studied in the context of REM sleep but their possible role in mediating wakefulness is not known. Here the authors elucidate the distinct functional contributions of three subpopulations in the SuM on electrographical and behavioral arousal in mice using genetically targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Service, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joshua L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.
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Kaur S, Wang JL, Ferrari L, Thankachan S, Kroeger D, Venner A, Lazarus M, Wellman A, Arrigoni E, Fuller PM, Saper CB. A Genetically Defined Circuit for Arousal from Sleep during Hypercapnia. Neuron 2017; 96:1153-1167.e5. [PMID: 29103805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The precise neural circuitry that mediates arousal during sleep apnea is not known. We previously found that glutamatergic neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBel) play a critical role in arousal to elevated CO2 or hypoxia. Because many of the PBel neurons that respond to CO2 express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), we hypothesized that CGRP may provide a molecular identifier of the CO2 arousal circuit. Here, we report that selective chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of PBelCGRP neurons caused wakefulness, whereas optogenetic inhibition of PBelCGRP neurons prevented arousal to CO2, but not to an acoustic tone or shaking. Optogenetic inhibition of PBelCGRP terminals identified a network of forebrain sites under the control of a PBelCGRP switch that is necessary to arouse animals from hypercapnia. Our findings define a novel cellular target for interventions that may prevent sleep fragmentation and the attendant cardiovascular and cognitive consequences seen in obstructive sleep apnea. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Thankachan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School & VA Boston Healthcare, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew Wellman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Schallner N, Lieberum JL, Gallo D, LeBlanc RH, Fuller PM, Hanafy KA, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide Preserves Circadian Rhythm to Reduce the Severity of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Stroke 2017; 48:2565-2573. [PMID: 28747460 PMCID: PMC5575974 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a temporal pattern of stroke incidence. We hypothesized that natural oscillations in gene expression controlling circadian rhythm affect the severity of neuronal injury. We moreover predict that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1/Hmox1) and its product carbon monoxide (CO) contribute to the restoration of rhythm and neuroprotection. METHODS Murine SAH model was used where blood was injected at various time points of the circadian cycle. Readouts included circadian clock gene expression, locomotor activity, vasospasm, neuroinflammatory markers, and apoptosis. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood leukocytes from SAH patients and controls were analyzed for clock gene expression. RESULTS Significant elevations in the clock genes Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 were observed in the hippocampus, cortex, and suprachiasmatic nucleus in mice subjected to SAH at zeitgeber time (ZT) 12 when compared with ZT2. Clock gene expression amplitude correlated with basal expression of HO-1, which was also significantly greater at ZT12. SAH animals showed a significant reduction in cerebral vasospasm, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial activation at ZT12 compared with ZT2. In animals with myeloid-specific HO-1 deletion (Lyz-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl ), Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 expression was reduced in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which correlated with increased injury. Treatment with low-dose CO rescued Lyz-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl mice, restored Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 expression, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Clock gene expression regulates, in part, the severity of SAH and requires myeloid HO-1 activity to clear the erythrocyte burden and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Exposure to CO rescues the loss of HO-1 and thus merits further investigation in patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Judith-Lisa Lieberum
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - David Gallo
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Robert H LeBlanc
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Khalid A Hanafy
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.).
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29
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Schallner N, Lieberum JL, Gallo D, LeBlanc RH, Fuller PM, Hanafy KA, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide Preserves Circadian Rhythm to Reduce the Severity of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Stroke 2017; 48:2565-2573. [PMID: 28747460 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016165.carbon] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a temporal pattern of stroke incidence. We hypothesized that natural oscillations in gene expression controlling circadian rhythm affect the severity of neuronal injury. We moreover predict that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1/Hmox1) and its product carbon monoxide (CO) contribute to the restoration of rhythm and neuroprotection. METHODS Murine SAH model was used where blood was injected at various time points of the circadian cycle. Readouts included circadian clock gene expression, locomotor activity, vasospasm, neuroinflammatory markers, and apoptosis. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood leukocytes from SAH patients and controls were analyzed for clock gene expression. RESULTS Significant elevations in the clock genes Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 were observed in the hippocampus, cortex, and suprachiasmatic nucleus in mice subjected to SAH at zeitgeber time (ZT) 12 when compared with ZT2. Clock gene expression amplitude correlated with basal expression of HO-1, which was also significantly greater at ZT12. SAH animals showed a significant reduction in cerebral vasospasm, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial activation at ZT12 compared with ZT2. In animals with myeloid-specific HO-1 deletion (Lyz-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl ), Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 expression was reduced in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which correlated with increased injury. Treatment with low-dose CO rescued Lyz-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl mice, restored Per-1, Per-2, and NPAS-2 expression, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Clock gene expression regulates, in part, the severity of SAH and requires myeloid HO-1 activity to clear the erythrocyte burden and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Exposure to CO rescues the loss of HO-1 and thus merits further investigation in patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Judith-Lisa Lieberum
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - David Gallo
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Robert H LeBlanc
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Khalid A Hanafy
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.)
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- From the Department of Surgery (N.S., J.-L.L., D.G., L.E.O.) and Department of Neurology (R.H.L., P.M.F., K.A.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (N.S., J.-L.L.); and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.E.O.).
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Rukhadze I, Carballo NJ, Bandaru SS, Malhotra A, Fuller PM, Fenik VB. Catecholaminergic A1/C1 neurons contribute to the maintenance of upper airway muscle tone but may not participate in NREM sleep-related depression of these muscles. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 244:41-50. [PMID: 28711601 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea, a common sleep-related breathing disorder, are incompletely understood. Hypoglossal motoneurons, which provide tonic and inspiratory activation of genioglossus (GG) muscle (a major upper airway dilator), receive catecholaminergic input from medullary A1/C1 neurons. We aimed to determine the contribution of A1/C1 neurons in control of GG muscle during sleep and wakefulness. To do so, we placed injections of a viral vector into DBH-cre mice to selectively express the hMD4i inhibitory chemoreceptors in A1/C1 neurons. Administration of the hM4Di ligand, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), in these mice decreased GG muscle activity during NREM sleep (F1,1,3=17.1, p<0.05); a similar non-significant decrease was observed during wakefulness. CNO administration had no effect on neck muscle activity, respiratory parameters or state durations. In addition, CNO-induced inhibition of A1/C1 neurons did not alter the magnitude of the naturally occurring depression of GG activity during transitions from wakefulness to NREM sleep. These findings suggest that A1/C1 neurons have a net excitatory effect on GG activity that is most likely mediated by hypoglossal motoneurons. However, the activity of A1/C1 neurons does not appear to contribute to NREM sleep-related inhibition of GG muscle activity, suggesting that A1/C1 neurons regulate upper airway patency in a state-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Rukhadze
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nancy J Carballo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor B Fenik
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; WebSience International, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Saper CB, Fuller PM. Wake-sleep circuitry: an overview. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:186-192. [PMID: 28577468 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although earlier models of brain circuitry controlling wake-sleep focused on monaminergic and cholinergic arousal systems, recent evidence indicates that these play mainly a modulatory role, and that the backbone of the wake-sleep regulatory system depends upon fast neurotransmitters, such as glutmate and GABA. We review here recent advances in understanding the role these systems play in controlling sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Abstract
Recent work has helped reconcile puzzling results from brainstem transection studies first performed over 60 years ago, which suggested the existence of a sleep-promoting system in the medullary brainstem. It was specifically shown that GABAergic neurons located in the medullary brainstem parafacial zone (PZGABA) are not only necessary for normal slow-wave-sleep (SWS) but that their selective activation is sufficient to induce SWS in behaving animals. In this review we discuss early experimental findings that inspired the hypothesis that the caudal brainstem contained SWS-promoting circuitry. We then describe the discovery of the SWS-promoting PZGABA and discuss future experimental priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Pedersen NP, Venner A, Saper CB, Fuller PM. 0160 WAKE PROMOTION BY SUPRAMAMMILLARY NITRIC OXIDE NEURONS CRITICALLY DEPENDS ON GLUTAMATE RELEASE. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Todd WD, Fenselau H, Wang JL, Fuller PM, Lowell BB, Saper CB. 0123 A CIRCUIT FOR THE CIRCADIAN CONTROL OF AGGRESSION. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Kaur S, Fuller PM, Saper CB. 0141 DORSAL RAPHE SEROTONINERGIC NEURONS ARE PART OF THE NEURONAL CIRCUITRY REGULATING CO2 - INDUCED AROUSALS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chen MC, Vetrivelan R, Guo CN, Chang C, Fuller PM, Lu J. Ventral medullary control of rapid eye movement sleep and atonia. Exp Neurol 2017; 290:53-62. [PMID: 28077261 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Discrete populations of neurons at multiple levels of the brainstem control rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the accompanying loss of postural muscle tone, or atonia. The specific contributions of these brainstem cell populations to REM sleep control remains incompletely understood. Here we show in rats that viral vector-based lesions of the ventromedial medulla at a level rostral to the inferior olive (pSOM) produced violent myoclonic twitches and abnormal electromyographic spikes, but not complete loss of tonic atonia, during REM sleep. Motor tone during non-REM (NREM) sleep was unaffected in these same animals. Acute chemogenetic activation of pSOM neurons in rats robustly and selectively suppressed REM sleep but not NREM sleep. Similar lesions targeting the more rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) did not affect sleep or atonia, while chemogenetic stimulation of the RVM produced wakefulness and reduced sleep. Finally, selective activation of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) pSOM neurons in mice produced complete suppression of REM sleep whereas their loss increased EMG spikes during REM sleep. These results reveal a key contribution of the pSOM and specifically the VGAT+ neurons in this region in REM sleep and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Catie Chang
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Qiu MH, Chen MC, Fuller PM, Lu J. Stimulation of the Pontine Parabrachial Nucleus Promotes Wakefulness via Extra-thalamic Forebrain Circuit Nodes. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2301-12. [PMID: 27546576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have identified an especially critical role for the brainstem parabrachial (PB) complex in regulating electrocortical (electroencephalogram [EEG]) and behavioral arousal: lesions of the PB complex produce a monotonous high-voltage, slow-wave EEG and eliminate spontaneous behaviors. We report here that targeted chemogenetic activation of the PB complex produces sustained EEG and behavioral arousal in the rat. We further establish, using viral-mediated retrograde activation, that PB projections to the preoptic-basal forebrain and lateral hypothalamus, but not to the thalamus, mediate PB-driven wakefulness. We exploited this novel and noninvasive model of induced wakefulness to explore the EEG and metabolic consequences of extended wakefulness. Repeated (daily) chemogenetic activation of the PB was highly effective in extending wakefulness over 4 days, although subsequent PB activation produced progressively lesser wake amounts. Curiously, no EEG or behavioral sleep rebound was observed, even after 4 days of induced wakefulness. Following the last of the four daily induced wake bouts, we examined the brains and observed a chimeric pattern of c-Fos expression, with c-Fos expressed in subsets of both arousal- and sleep-promoting nuclei. From a metabolic standpoint, induced extended wakefulness significantly reduced body weight and leptin but was without significant effect on cholesterol, triglyceride, or insulin levels, suggesting that high sleep pressure or sleep debt per se does not, as previously implicated, result in a deleterious metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Venner A, Anaclet C, Broadhurst RY, Saper CB, Fuller PM. A Novel Population of Wake-Promoting GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Lateral Hypothalamus. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2137-43. [PMID: 27426511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The largest synaptic input to the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) [1] arises from the lateral hypothalamus [2], a brain area associated with arousal [3-5]. However, the neurochemical identity of the majority of these VLPO-projecting neurons within the lateral hypothalamus (LH), as well as their function in the arousal network, remains unknown. Herein we describe a population of VLPO-projecting neurons in the LH that express the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT; a marker for GABA-releasing neurons). In addition to the VLPO, these neurons also project to several other established sleep and arousal nodes, including the tuberomammillary nucleus, ventral periaqueductal gray, and locus coeruleus. Selective and acute chemogenetic activation of LH VGAT(+) neurons was profoundly wake promoting, whereas acute inhibition increased sleep. Because of its direct and massive inputs to the VLPO, this population may play a particularly important role in sleep-wake switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Broadhurst
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Arrigoni E, Chen MC, Fuller PM. The anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of motor atonia during rapid eye movement sleep. J Physiol 2016; 594:5391-414. [PMID: 27060683 DOI: 10.1113/jp271324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring part of the sleep-wake cycle characterized by fast, desynchronized rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal theta activity, rapid eye movements, autonomic activation and loss of postural muscle tone (atonia). The brain circuitry governing REM sleep is located in the pontine and medullary brainstem and includes ascending and descending projections that regulate the EEG and motor components of REM sleep. The descending signal for postural muscle atonia during REM sleep is thought to originate from glutamatergic neurons of the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), which in turn activate glycinergic pre-motor neurons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons. Despite work over the past two decades on many neurotransmitter systems that regulate the SLD, gaps remain in our knowledge of the synaptic basis by which SLD REM neurons are regulated and in turn produce REM sleep atonia. Elucidating the anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of REM sleep atonia control is a critical step for treating many sleep-related disorders including obstructive sleep apnoea (apnea), REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and narcolepsy with cataplexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Michael C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
This mini-review article presents the remarkable progress that has been made in the past decade in our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep-wake states and circadian control of behaviors. Following a brief introduction to sleep architecture and physiology, the authors describe the neural circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate sleep and cortical arousal (i.e., wakefulness). They next examine how sleep and wakefulness are regulated by mutual inhibition between sleep-and arousal-promoting circuitry and how this interaction functions analogously to an electronic “flip-flop” switch that ensures behavioral state stability. The authors then discuss the role of circadian and homeostatic processes in the consolidation of sleep, including the physiologic basis of homeostatic sleep drive (i.e., wake-dependent increase in sleep propensity) and the role of the SCN in the circadian regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Finally, they describe the hypothalamic circuitry for the integration of photic and nonphotic environmental time cues and how this integration allows organisms to sculpt patterns of rest-activity and sleep-wake cycles that are optimally adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 814, 77 Louis Pasteur Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system (CTS) exerts endogenous temporal control over virtually every biochemical, physiological, and neurobiological process. Recent studies have suggested an interrelationship between the neurovestibular system, specifically the macular otoconial gravity receptors, and the CTS. To test for a functional relationship between these 2 seemingly disparate neuronal systems, the authors performed a study to evaluate the influence of the vestibular system on 3 fundamental properties of the CTS: entrainment, photic modulation, and period. The present study used a nonrecombinant mutant mouse, the head-tilt mouse (abbr. het), which lacks otoconia and hence gravity reception, to evaluate CTS function in mice lacking vestibular inputs. Circadian rhythms of body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity (ACT) were recorded continuously by biotelemetry in het mice as well as wild-type (PWT) controls during exposure to 4 photic regimens: 12:12 LD, DD (0 μmoles s-1m-2), constant bright light (LLB; 0.5 μmoles s-1m-2), and constant dim light (LLD; 0.02 μmoles s-1m-2). In DD, the circadian period of the Tband ACT rhythms was significantly longer ( p < 0.001) in het than in PWT mice. In addition, the circadian period of Tband ACT was significantly longer ( p < 0.01) in LLBthan in DD for both the het and PWT groups, although increasing ambient illuminance (i.e., DD to LLB) had a significantly greater ( p < 0.01) period-lengthening effect in the PWT group than in the het group. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that the vestibular macular gravity receptors influence 2 fundamental properties of the mammalian CTS: (1) the intrinsic circadian pacemaker period and (2) the period-altering response to changes in tonic light intensity. The results of the present study thus provide the first neurobehavioral evidence for a vestibular-circadian interrelationship as well as suggest a novel mechanism underlying the signaling of activity-based nonphotic stimuli to the CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fuller
- Section of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
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Abstract
How does the brain control dreams? New science shows that a small node of cells in the medulla - the most primitive part of the brain - may function to control REM sleep, the brain state that underlies dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peever
- Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Gompf HS, Budygin EA, Fuller PM, Bass CE. Targeted genetic manipulations of neuronal subtypes using promoter-specific combinatorial AAVs in wild-type animals. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:152. [PMID: 26190981 PMCID: PMC4488755 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques to genetically manipulate the activity of defined neuronal subpopulations have been useful in elucidating function, however applicability to translational research beyond transgenic mice is limited. Subtype targeted transgene expression can be achieved using specific promoters, but often currently available promoters are either too large to package into many vectors, in particular adeno-associated virus (AAV), or do not drive expression at levels sufficient to alter behavior. To permit neuron subtype specific gene expression in wildtype animals, we developed a combinatorial AAV targeting system that drives, in combination, subtype specific Cre-recombinase expression with a strong but non-specific Cre-conditional transgene. Using this system we demonstrate that the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH-Cre-AAV) restricted expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (EF1α-DIO-ChR2-EYFP-AAV) to the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA), or an activating DREADD (hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry-AAV) to the rat locus coeruleus (LC). High expression levels were achieved in both regions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the majority of ChR2+ neurons (>93%) colocalized with TH in the VTA, and optical stimulation evoked striatal dopamine release. Activation of TH neurons in the LC produced sustained EEG and behavioral arousal. TH-specific hM3Dq expression in the LC was further compared with: (1) a Cre construct driven by a strong but non-specific promoter (non-targeting); and (2) a retrogradely-transported WGA-Cre delivery mechanism (targeting a specific projection). IHC revealed that the area of c-fos activation after CNO treatment in the LC and peri-LC neurons appeared proportional to the resulting increase in wakefulness (non-targeted > targeted > ACC to LC projection restricted). Our dual AAV targeting system effectively overcomes the large size and weak activity barrier prevalent with many subtype specific promoters by functionally separating subtype specificity from promoter strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich S Gompf
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgeny A Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem, NC, USA ; Department of Biology, St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E Bass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
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Fuller PM, Yamanaka A, Lazarus M. How genetically engineered systems are helping to define, and in some cases redefine, the neurobiological basis of sleep and wake. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:406-17. [PMID: 27227054 PMCID: PMC4843941 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1075095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of genetically engineered systems, including transgenic animals and recombinant viral vectors, has facilitated a more detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular substrates regulating brain function. In this review we highlight some of the most recent molecular biology and genetic technologies in the experimental "systems neurosciences," many of which are rapidly becoming a methodological standard, and focus in particular on those tools and techniques that permit the reversible and cell-type specific manipulation of neurons in behaving animals. These newer techniques encompass a wide range of approaches including conditional deletion of genes based on Cre/loxP technology, gene silencing using RNA interference, cell-type specific mapping or ablation and reversible manipulation (silencing and activation) of neurons in vivo. Combining these approaches with viral vector delivery systems, in particular adeno-associated viruses (AAV), has extended, in some instances greatly, the utility of these tools. For example, the spatially- and/or temporally-restricted transduction of specific neuronal cell populations is now routinely achieved using the combination of Cre-driver mice and stereotaxic-based delivery of AAV expressing Cre-dependent cassettes. We predict that the experimental application of these tools, including creative combinatorial approaches and the development of even newer reagents, will prove necessary for a complete understanding of the neuronal circuits subserving most neurobiological functions, including the regulation of sleep and wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Division of Sleep Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II; Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sherman D, Fuller PM, Marcus J, Yu J, Zhang P, Chamberlin NL, Saper CB, Lu J. Anatomical Location of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region and Its Possible Role in Locomotion, Posture, Cataplexy, and Parkinsonism. Front Neurol 2015; 6:140. [PMID: 26157418 PMCID: PMC4478394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesencephalic (or midbrain) locomotor region (MLR) was first described in 1966 by Shik and colleagues, who demonstrated that electrical stimulation of this region induced locomotion in decerebrate (intercollicular transection) cats. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) cholinergic neurons and midbrain extrapyramidal area (MEA) have been suggested to form the neuroanatomical basis for the MLR, but direct evidence for the role of these structures in locomotor behavior has been lacking. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the MLR is composed of non-cholinergic spinally projecting cells in the lateral pontine tegmentum. Our results showed that putative MLR neurons medial to the PPT and MEA in rats were non-cholinergic, glutamatergic, and express the orexin (hypocretin) type 2 receptors. Fos mapping correlated with motor behaviors revealed that the dorsal and ventral MLR are activated, respectively, in association with locomotion and an erect posture. Consistent with these findings, chemical stimulation of the dorsal MLR produced locomotion, whereas stimulation of the ventral MLR caused standing. Lesions of the MLR (dorsal and ventral regions together) resulted in cataplexy and episodic immobility of gait. Finally, trans-neuronal tracing with pseudorabies virus demonstrated disynaptic input to the MLR from the substantia nigra via the MEA. These findings offer a new perspective on the neuroanatomic basis of the MLR, and suggest that MLR dysfunction may contribute to the postural and gait abnormalities in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sherman
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jacob Marcus
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital , Dalian , China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Nancy L Chamberlin
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
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Abstract
Intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) contain the photopigment melanopsin and convey retinal light inputs to the circadian system via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) projection to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The principal neurotransmitter of this projection is glutamate, and ipRGCs use the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) to package glutamate into synaptic vesicles. However, these neurons contain other potential neurotransmitters, such as pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). To test the role of glutamate in mediating ipRGC light inputs into the SCN, we crossed mice in which Cre-recombinase expression is driven by the melanopsin promotor (Opn4(Cre/+)) with mice in which the second exon of VGLUT2 is flanked by loxP sites (VGLUT2(fl/fl)), producing ipRGCs that are unable to package glutamate into synaptic vesicles. Such mice had free-running circadian rhythms that did not entrain to a 12:12 light-dark (12:12 LD) cycle, nor did they show a phase delay after a 45-min light pulse administered at circadian time (CT) 14. A small subset of the mice did appear to entrain to the 12:12 LD cycle with a positive phase angle to lights-off; a similar entrainment pattern could be achieved in free-running mice if they were exposed to a 12:12 LD cycle with light of a greater intensity. Glutamate transmission from the ipRGCs is necessary for normal light entrainment of the SCN at moderate (0.35 W/m(2)) light levels, but residual transmission (possibly by PACAP in ipRGCs or by other RGCs) can weakly entrain animals, particularly at very high (6.53 W/m(2)) light levels, although it may be less effective at suppressing locomotor activity (light masking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich S Gompf
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Samer Hattar
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, MD
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Unger EK, Burke KJ, Yang CF, Bender KJ, Fuller PM, Shah NM. Medial amygdalar aromatase neurons regulate aggression in both sexes. Cell Rep 2015; 10:453-62. [PMID: 25620703 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase-expressing neuroendocrine neurons in the vertebrate male brain synthesize estradiol from circulating testosterone. This locally produced estradiol controls neural circuits underlying courtship vocalization, mating, aggression, and territory marking in male mice. How aromatase-expressing neuronal populations control these diverse estrogen-dependent male behaviors is poorly understood, and the function, if any, of aromatase-expressing neurons in females is unclear. Using targeted genetic approaches, we show that aromatase-expressing neurons within the male posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeApd) regulate components of aggression, but not other estrogen-dependent male-typical behaviors. Remarkably, aromatase-expressing MeApd neurons in females are specifically required for components of maternal aggression, which we show is distinct from intermale aggression in pattern and execution. Thus, aromatase-expressing MeApd neurons control distinct forms of aggression in the two sexes. Moreover, our findings indicate that complex social behaviors are separable in a modular manner at the level of genetically identified neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Unger
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth J Burke
- Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cindy F Yang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nirao M Shah
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Chen MC, Ferrari L, Sacchet MD, Foland-Ross LC, Qiu MH, Gotlib IH, Fuller PM, Arrigoni E, Lu J. Identification of a direct GABAergic pallidocortical pathway in rodents. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:748-59. [PMID: 25581560 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the basal ganglia and the cortex plays a critical role in a range of behaviors. Output from the basal ganglia to the cortex is thought to be relayed through the thalamus, but an intriguing alternative is that the basal ganglia may directly project to and communicate with the cortex. We explored an efferent projection from the globus pallidus externa (GPe), a key hub in the basal ganglia system, to the cortex of rats and mice. Anterograde and retrograde tracing revealed projections to the frontal premotor cortex, especially the deep projecting layers, originating from GPe neurons that receive axonal inputs from the dorsal striatum. Cre-dependent anterograde tracing in Vgat-ires-cre mice confirmed that the pallidocortical projection is GABAergic, and in vitro optogenetic stimulation in the cortex of these projections produced a fast inhibitory postsynaptic current in targeted cells that was abolished by bicuculline. The pallidocortical projections targeted GABAergic interneurons and, to a lesser extent, pyramidal neurons. This GABAergic pallidocortical pathway directly links the basal ganglia and cortex, and may play a key role in behavior and cognition in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 717, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Anaclet C, Ferrari L, Arrigoni E, Bass CE, Saper CB, Lu J, Fuller PM. Erratum: Corrigendum: The GABAergic parafacial zone is a medullary slow wave sleep–promoting center. Nat Neurosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nn1214-1841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Yazaki-Sugiyama Y, Yanagihara S, Fuller PM, Lazarus M. Acute inhibition of a cortical motor area impairs vocal control in singing zebra finches. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 41:97-108. [PMID: 25354166 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetically targeted approaches that permit acute and reversible manipulation of neuronal circuit activity have enabled an unprecedented understanding of how discrete neuronal circuits control animal behavior. Zebra finch singing behavior has emerged as an excellent model for studying neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying the generation and learning of behavioral motor sequences. We employed a newly developed, reversible, neuronal silencing system in zebra finches to test the hypothesis that ensembles of neurons in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) control the acoustic structure of specific song parts, but not the timing nor the order of song elements. Subunits of an ivermectin-gated chloride channel were expressed in a subset of RA neurons, and ligand administration consistently suppressed neuronal excitability. Suppression of activity in a group of RA neurons caused the birds to sing songs with degraded elements, although the order of song elements was unaffected. Furthermore some syllables disappeared in the middle or at the end of song motifs. Thus, our data suggest that generation of specific song parts is controlled by a subset of RA neurons, whereas elements order coordination and timing of whole songs are controlled by a higher premotor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yazaki-Sugiyama
- Neuronal Mechanism for Critical Period Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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