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Alfonso García SL, Parada-Sanchez MT, Arboleda Toro D. The phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and their potential use in advanced therapies. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151123. [PMID: 33070040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Alfonso García
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia; Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia.
| | | | - David Arboleda Toro
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Chen H, Chen N, Li F, Sun L, Du J, Chen Y, Cheng F, Li Y, Tian S, Jiang Q, Cui F, Tu Y. Repeated radon exposure induced lung injury and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells and mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:4-13. [PMID: 32949624 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radon exposure is the most frequent cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. The high linear energy transfer alpha-particles from radon decay cause the accumulation of multiple genetic changes and lead to cancer development. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in oncogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying chronic radon exposure-induced EMT attributed to carcinogenesis are not understood. This study aimed to explore the EMT and potential molecular mechanisms induced by repeated radon exposure. The EMT model of 16HBE and BEAS-2B cells was established with radon exposure (20000 Bq/m3, 20 min each time every 3 days). We found repeated radon exposure facilitated epithelial cell migration, proliferation, reduced cell adhesion and ability to undergo EMT through a decrease in epithelial markers and an increase in mesenchymal markers. Radon regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) to disrupt the balance of MMP2/TIMP2. In vivo, BALB/c mice were exposed to 105 Bq/m3 radon gas for cumulative doses of 60 and 120 Working Level Months (WLM). Radon inhalation caused lung damage and fibrosis in mice, which was aggravated with the increase of exposure dose. EMT-like transformation also occurred in lung tissues of radon-exposure mice. Moreover, radon radiation increased p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in cells and mice. Radon reduced the GSK-3β level and elevated the active β-catenin in 16HBE cells. The m-TOR and AKT inhibitors attenuated radon exposure-induced EMT by regulation related biomarkers. These data demonstrated that radon exposure induced EMT through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in epithelial cells and lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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53
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Bugg D, Bretherton R, Kim P, Olszewski E, Nagle A, Schumacher AE, Chu N, Gunaje J, DeForest CA, Stevens K, Kim DH, Davis J. Infarct Collagen Topography Regulates Fibroblast Fate via p38-Yes-Associated Protein Transcriptional Enhanced Associate Domain Signals. Circ Res 2020; 127:1306-1322. [PMID: 32883176 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction causes spatial variation in collagen organization and phenotypic diversity in fibroblasts, which regulate the heart's ECM (extracellular matrix). The relationship between collagen structure and fibroblast phenotype is poorly understood but could provide insights regarding the mechanistic basis for myofibroblast heterogeneity in the injured heart. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of collagen organization in cardiac fibroblast fate determination. METHODS AND RESULTS Biomimetic topographies were nanofabricated to recapitulate differential collagen organization in the infarcted mouse heart. Here, adult cardiac fibroblasts were freshly isolated and cultured on ECM topographical mimetics for 72 hours. Aligned mimetics caused cardiac fibroblasts to elongate while randomly organized topographies induced circular morphology similar to the disparate myofibroblast morphologies measured in vivo. Alignment cues also induced myofibroblast differentiation, as >60% of fibroblasts formed αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) stress fibers and expressed myofibroblast-specific ECM genes like Postn (periostin). By contrast, random organization caused 38% of cardiac fibroblasts to express αSMA albeit with downregulated myofibroblast-specific ECM genes. Coupling topographical cues with the profibrotic agonist, TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), additively upregulated myofibroblast-specific ECM genes independent of topography, but only fibroblasts on flat and randomly oriented mimetics had increased percentages of fibroblasts with αSMA stress fibers. Increased tension sensation at focal adhesions induced myofibroblast differentiation on aligned mimetics. These signals were transduced by p38-YAP (yes-associated protein)-TEAD (transcriptional enhanced associate domain) interactions, in which both p38 and YAP-TEAD (yes-associated protein transcriptional enhanced associate domain) binding were required for myofibroblast differentiation. By contrast, randomly oriented mimetics did not change focal adhesion tension sensation or enrich for p38-YAP-TEAD interactions, which explains the topography-dependent diversity in fibroblast phenotypes observed here. CONCLUSIONS Spatial variations in collagen organization regulate cardiac fibroblast phenotype through mechanical activation of p38-YAP-TEAD signaling, which likely contribute to myofibroblast heterogeneity in the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrian Bugg
- Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ross Bretherton
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Peter Kim
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emily Olszewski
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Abigail Nagle
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Nick Chu
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Chemical Engineering (C.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kelly Stevens
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.-H.K.).,Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
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Bretherton R, Bugg D, Olszewski E, Davis J. Regulators of cardiac fibroblast cell state. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:117-135. [PMID: 32416242 PMCID: PMC7789291 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the primary regulator of cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). In response to disease stimuli cardiac fibroblasts undergo cell state transitions to a myofibroblast phenotype, which underlies the fibrotic response in the heart and other organs. Identifying regulators of fibroblast state transitions would inform which pathways could be therapeutically modulated to tactically control maladaptive extracellular matrix remodeling. Indeed, a deeper understanding of fibroblast cell state and plasticity is necessary for controlling its fate for therapeutic benefit. p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is part of the noncanonical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, is a central regulator of fibroblast to myofibroblast cell state transitions that is activated by chemical and mechanical stress signals. Fibroblast intrinsic signaling, local and global cardiac mechanics, and multicellular interactions individually and synergistically impact these state transitions and hence the ECM, which will be reviewed here in the context of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Darrian Bugg
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 850 Republican, #343, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Emily Olszewski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 850 Republican, #343, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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55
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Shi Y, Zeng Z, Yu J, Tang B, Tang R, Xiao R. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: An environmental effector in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105180. [PMID: 32877693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved transcription factor that can be activated by small molecules provided by dietary, plant, or microbial metabolites, and environmental pollutants. AhR is expressed in many cell types and engages in crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and therefore provides a molecular pathway that integrates environmental cues and metabolic processes. Fibrosis, which is defined as an aberrant extracellular matrix formation, is a reparative process in the terminal stage of chronic diseases. Both environmental and internal factors have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this review, the potential role of AhR in the process of fibrosis, as well as potential opportunities and challenges in the development of AhR targeting therapeutics, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bingsi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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56
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Li Z, Kong X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Guo J, Xu Y. Dual roles of chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 in angiotensin II-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32683412 PMCID: PMC7368857 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is considered one of the processes underlying tissue fibrosis by contributing to the pool of myofibroblasts. In the present study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanism whereby angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates EndMT to promote cardiac fibrosis focusing on the role of chromatin remodeling protein BRG1. BRG1 knockdown or inhibition attenuated Ang II-induced EndMT, as evidenced by down-regulation of CDH5, an endothelial marker, and up-regulation of COL1A2, a mesenchymal marker, in cultured vascular endothelial cells. On the one hand, BRG1 interacted with and was recruited by Sp1 to the SNAI2 (encoding SLUG) promoter to activate SNAI2 transcription in response to Ang II stimulation. Once activated, SLUG bound to the CDH5 promoter to repress CDH5 transcription. On the other hand, BRG1 interacted with and was recruited by SRF to the COL1A2 promoter to activate COL1A2 transcription. Mechanistically, BRG1 evicted histones from the target promoters to facilitate the bindings of Sp1 and SRF. Finally, endothelial conditional BRG1 knockout mice (CKO) exhibited a reduction in cardiac fibrosis, compared to the wild type (WT) littermates, in response to chronic Ang II infusion. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that BRG1 is a key transcriptional coordinator programming Ang II-induced EndMT to contribute to cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiaochen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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57
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Gibb AA, Lazaropoulos MP, Elrod JW. Myofibroblasts and Fibrosis: Mitochondrial and Metabolic Control of Cellular Differentiation. Circ Res 2020; 127:427-447. [PMID: 32673537 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast formation is a physiological response to acute injury, such as myocardial infarction, myofibroblast persistence, as occurs in heart failure, contributes to maladaptive remodeling and progressive functional decline. Although traditional pathways of activation, such as TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and AngII (angiotensin II), have been well characterized, less understood are the alterations in mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism that are necessary to initiate and sustain myofibroblast formation and function. In this review, we highlight recent reports detailing the mitochondrial and metabolic mechanisms that contribute to myofibroblast differentiation, persistence, and function with the hope of identifying novel therapeutic targets to treat, and potentially reverse, tissue organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P Lazaropoulos
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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58
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Holmes G, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Lu N, Zhou X, Rivera J, Kriti D, Sebra R, Williams AA, Donovan MJ, Potter SS, Pinto D, Zhang B, van Bakel H, Jabs EW. Integrated Transcriptome and Network Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calvarial Suturogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107871. [PMID: 32640236 PMCID: PMC7379176 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities often involve sutures, the growth centers of the skull. To characterize the organization and processes governing their development, we profile the murine frontal suture, a model for sutural growth and fusion, at the tissue- and single-cell level on embryonic days (E)16.5 and E18.5. For the wild-type suture, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identifies mesenchyme-, osteogenic front-, and stage-enriched genes and biological processes, as well as alternative splicing events modifying the extracellular matrix. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis distinguishes multiple subpopulations, of which five define a mesenchyme-osteoblast differentiation trajectory and show variation along the anteroposterior axis. Similar analyses of in vivo mouse models of impaired frontal suturogenesis in Saethre-Chotzen and Apert syndromes, Twist1+/- and Fgfr2+/S252W, demonstrate distinct transcriptional changes involving angiogenesis and ribogenesis, respectively. Co-expression network analysis reveals gene expression modules from which we validate key driver genes regulating osteoblast differentiation. Our study provides a global approach to gain insights into suturogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Rivera
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony A Williams
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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59
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Okyere AD, Tilley DG. Leukocyte-Dependent Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:301. [PMID: 32322219 PMCID: PMC7156539 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis begins as an intrinsic response to injury or ageing that functions to preserve the tissue from further damage. Fibrosis results from activated cardiac myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in an effort to replace damaged tissue; however, excessive ECM deposition leads to pathological fibrotic remodeling. At this extent, fibrosis gravely disturbs myocardial compliance, and ultimately leads to adverse outcomes like heart failure with heightened mortality. As such, understanding the complexity behind fibrotic remodeling has been a focal point of cardiac research in recent years. Resident cardiac fibroblasts and activated myofibroblasts have been proven integral to the fibrotic response; however, several findings point to additional cell types that may contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis. For one, leukocytes expand in number after injury and exhibit high plasticity, thus their distinct role(s) in cardiac fibrosis is an ongoing and controversial field of study. This review summarizes current findings, focusing on both direct and indirect leukocyte-mediated mechanisms of fibrosis, which may provide novel targeted strategies against fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama Dedo Okyere
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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60
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Maione AS, Pilato CA, Casella M, Gasperetti A, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Fibrosis in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: The Phantom Thread in the Fibro-Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2020; 11:279. [PMID: 32317983 PMCID: PMC7147329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disorder, predisposing to malignant ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death, particularly in young and athletic patients. Pathological features include a progressive loss of myocardium with fibrous or fibro-fatty substitution. During the last few decades, different clinical aspects of ACM have been well investigated but still little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie ACM pathogenesis, leading to these phenotypes. In about 50% of ACM patients, a genetic mutation, predominantly in genes that encode for desmosomal proteins, has been identified. However, the mutation-associated mechanisms, causing the observed cardiac phenotype are not always clear. Until now, the attention has been principally focused on the study of molecular mechanisms that lead to a prominent myocardium adipose substitution, an uncommon marker for a cardiac disease, thus often recognized as hallmark of ACM. Nonetheless, based on Task Force Criteria for the diagnosis of ACM, cardiomyocytes death associated with fibrous replacement of the ventricular free wall must be considered the main tissue feature in ACM patients. For this reason, it urges to investigate ACM cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we give an overview on the cellular effectors, possible triggers, and molecular mechanisms that could be responsible for the ventricular fibrotic remodeling in ACM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Gasperetti
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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61
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Rapp TL, DeForest CA. Visible Light-Responsive Dynamic Biomaterials: Going Deeper and Triggering More. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901553. [PMID: 32100475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoresponsive materials have been widely used in vitro for controlled therapeutic delivery and to direct 4D cell fate. Extension of the approaches into a bodily setting requires use of low-energy, long-wavelength light that penetrates deeper into and through complex tissue. This review details recent reports of photoactive small molecules and proteins that absorb visible and/or near-infrared light, opening the door to exciting new applications in multiplexed and in vivo regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington 3781 Okanogan Lane NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington 3781 Okanogan Lane NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Washington 3720 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine University of Washington 850 Republican Street Seattle WA 98109 USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute University of Washington 3946 W Stevens Way NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
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62
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Meier Bürgisser G, Evrova O, Calcagni M, Scalera C, Giovanoli P, Buschmann J. Impact of PDGF-BB on cellular distribution and extracellular matrix in the healing rabbit Achilles tendon three weeks post-operation. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:327-337. [PMID: 31571428 PMCID: PMC7050259 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods for tendon rupture repair suffer from two main drawbacks: insufficient strength and adhesion formation, which lead to rerupture and impaired gliding. A novel polymer tube may help to overcome these problems by allowing growth factor delivery to the wound site and adhesion reduction, and by acting as a physical barrier to the surrounding tissue. In this study, we used a bilayered DegraPol® tube to deliver PDGF-BB to the wound site in a full-transection rabbit Achilles tendon model. We then performed histological and immunohistochemical analysis at 3 weeks postoperation. Sustained delivery of PDGF-BB to the healing Achilles tendon led to a significantly more homogenous cell distribution within the healing tissue. Lower cell densities next to the implant material were determined for +PDGF-BB samples compared to -PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB application increased proteoglycan content and reduced alpha-SMA+ areas, clusters of different sizes, mainly vessels. Finally, PDGF-BB reduced collagens I and III in the extracellular matrix. The sustained delivery of PDGF-BB via an electrospun DegraPol® tube accelerated tendon wound healing by causing a more uniform cell distribution with higher proteoglycan content and less fibrotic tissue. Moreover, the application of this growth factor reduced collagen III and alpha-SMA, indicating a faster and less fibrotic tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivera Evrova
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyETH ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
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63
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Fernández-Solà J. The Effects of Ethanol on the Heart: Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:E572. [PMID: 32098364 PMCID: PMC7071520 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic-dilated Cardiomyopathy (ACM) is the most prevalent form of ethanol-induced heart damage. Ethanol induces ACM in a dose-dependent manner, independently of nutrition, vitamin, or electrolyte disturbances. It has synergistic effects with other heart risk factors. ACM produces a progressive reduction in myocardial contractility and heart chamber dilatation, leading to heart failure episodes and arrhythmias. Pathologically, ethanol induces myocytolysis, apoptosis, and necrosis of myocytes, with repair mechanisms causing hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Myocyte ethanol targets include changes in membrane composition, receptors, ion channels, intracellular [Ca2+] transients, and structural proteins, and disrupt sarcomere contractility. Cardiac remodeling tries to compensate for this damage, establishing a balance between aggression and defense mechanisms. The final process of ACM is the result of dosage and individual predisposition. The ACM prognosis depends on the degree of persistent ethanol intake. Abstinence is the preferred goal, although controlled drinking may still improve cardiac function. New strategies are addressed to decrease myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and try to improve myocyte regeneration, minimizing ethanol-related cardiac damage. Growth factors and cardiomyokines are relevant molecules that may modify this process. Cardiac transplantation is the final measure in end-stage ACM but is limited to those subjects able to achieve abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Fernández-Solà
- Alcohol Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut de Recerca August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08007 Catalunya, Spain;
- Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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64
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Angiotensin-II-Evoked Ca 2+ Entry in Murine Cardiac Fibroblasts Does Not Depend on TRPC Channels. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020322. [PMID: 32013125 PMCID: PMC7072683 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation conducting channels regulated by different stimuli and are regulators of the cellular calcium homeostasis. TRPC are expressed in cardiac cells including cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and have been implicated in the development of pathological cardiac remodeling including fibrosis. Using Ca2+ imaging and several compound TRPC knockout mouse lines we analyzed the involvement of TRPC proteins for the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in CFs isolated from adult mice. Using qPCR we detected transcripts of all Trpc genes in CFs; Trpc1, Trpc3 and Trpc4 being the most abundant ones. We show that the AngII-induced Ca2+ entry but also Ca2+ release from intracellular stores are critically dependent on the density of CFs in culture and are inversely correlated with the expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin. Our Ca2+ measurements depict that the AngII- and thrombin-induced Ca2+ transients, and the AngII-induced Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release are not affected in CFs isolated from mice lacking all seven TRPC proteins (TRPC-hepta KO) compared to control cells. However, pre-incubation with GSK7975A (10 µM), which sufficiently inhibits CRAC channels in other cells, abolished AngII-induced Ca2+ entry. Consequently, we conclude the dispensability of the TRPC channels for the acute neurohumoral Ca2+ signaling evoked by AngII in isolated CFs and suggest the contribution of members of the Orai channel family as molecular constituents responsible for this pathophysiologically important Ca2+ entry pathway.
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65
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She G, Ren YJ, Wang Y, Hou MC, Wang HF, Gou W, Lai BC, Lei T, Du XJ, Deng XL. K Ca3.1 Channels Promote Cardiac Fibrosis Through Mediating Inflammation and Differentiation of Monocytes Into Myofibroblasts in Angiotensin II -Treated Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010418. [PMID: 30563389 PMCID: PMC6405723 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis is a core pathological process associated with heart failure. The recruitment and differentiation of primitive fibroblast precursor cells of bone marrow origin play a critical role in pathological interstitial cardiac fibrosis. The KC a3.1 channels are expressed in both ventricular fibroblasts and circulating mononuclear cells in rats and are upregulated by angiotensin II . We hypothesized that KC a3.1 channels mediate the inflammatory microenvironment in the heart, promoting the infiltrated bone marrow-derived circulating mononuclear cells to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to myocardial fibrosis. Methods and Results We established a cardiac fibrosis model in rats by infusing angiotensin II to evaluate the impact of the specific KC a3.1 channel blocker TRAM -34 on cardiac fibrosis. At the same time, mouse CD 4+ T cells and rat circulating mononuclear cells were separated to investigate the underlying mechanism of the TRAM -34 anti-cardiac fibrosis effect. TRAM -34 significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis and the inflammatory reaction and reduced the number of fibroblast precursor cells and myofibroblasts. Inhibition of KC a3.1 channels suppressed angiotensin II -stimulated expression and secretion of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in CD 4+ T cells and interleukin-4- or interleukin-13-induced differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes. Conclusions KC a3.1 channels facilitate myocardial inflammation and the differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocytes into myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis caused by angiotensin II infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang She
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yu-Jie Ren
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,5 Department of Pathology Xi'an Guangren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Meng-Chen Hou
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- 5 Department of Pathology Xi'an Guangren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Gou
- 3 Basic Experiment Teaching Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- 4 Cardiovascular Research Centre School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ting Lei
- 2 Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,6 Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,4 Cardiovascular Research Centre School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
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66
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Alaimo A, Rubert J. The Pivotal Role of TRP Channels in Homeostasis and Diseases throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215277. [PMID: 31652951 PMCID: PMC6862298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels superfamily are a large group of proteins that play crucial roles in cellular processes. For example, these cation channels act as sensors in the detection and transduction of stimuli of temperature, small molecules, voltage, pH, and mechanical constrains. Over the past decades, different members of the TRP channels have been identified in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract playing multiple modulatory roles. Noteworthy, TRPs support critical functions related to the taste perception, mechanosensation, and pain. They also participate in the modulation of motility and secretions of the human gut. Last but not least, altered expression or activity and mutations in the TRP genes are often related to a wide range of disorders of the gut epithelium, including inflammatory bowel disease, fibrosis, visceral hyperalgesia, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. TRP channels could therefore be promising drug targets for the treatment of GI malignancies. This review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the most recent advances highlighting the expression and function of TRP channels in the GI tract, and secondly, the description of the potential roles of TRPs in relevant disorders is discussed reporting our standpoint on GI tract–TRP channels interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alaimo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo (Tn), Italy.
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo (Tn), Italy.
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67
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Patel NJ, Nassal DM, Greer-Short AD, Unudurthi SD, Scandling BW, Gratz D, Xu X, Kalyanasundaram A, Fedorov VV, Accornero F, Mohler PJ, Gooch KJ, Hund TJ. βIV-Spectrin/STAT3 complex regulates fibroblast phenotype, fibrosis, and cardiac function. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131046. [PMID: 31550236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased fibrosis is a characteristic remodeling response to biomechanical and neurohumoral stress and a determinant of cardiac mechanical and electrical dysfunction in disease. Stress-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) is a critical step in the fibrotic response, although the precise sequence of events underlying activation of these critical cells in vivo remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a βIV-spectrin/STAT3 complex is essential for maintenance of a quiescent phenotype (basal nonactivated state) in CFs. We reported increased fibrosis, decreased cardiac function, and electrical impulse conduction defects in genetic and acquired mouse models of βIV-spectrin deficiency. Loss of βIV-spectrin function promoted STAT3 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, and it altered gene expression and CF activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a quiescent phenotype may be restored in βIV-spectrin-deficient fibroblasts by expressing a βIV-spectrin fragment including the STAT3-binding domain or through pharmacological STAT3 inhibition. We found that in vivo STAT3 inhibition abrogates fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in the setting of global βIV-spectrin deficiency. Finally, we demonstrate that fibroblast-specific deletion of βIV-spectrin is sufficient to induce fibrosis and decreased cardiac function. We propose that the βIV-spectrin/STAT3 complex is a determinant of fibroblast phenotype and fibrosis, with implications for remodeling response in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal J Patel
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Drew M Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amara D Greer-Short
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sathya D Unudurthi
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin W Scandling
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xianyao Xu
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Vadim V Fedorov
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Federica Accornero
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Peter J Mohler
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith J Gooch
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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68
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Oh JG, Watanabe S, Lee A, Gorski PA, Lee P, Jeong D, Liang L, Liang Y, Baccarini A, Sahoo S, Brown BD, Hajjar RJ, Kho C. miR-146a Suppresses SUMO1 Expression and Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Maladaptive Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2019; 123:673-685. [PMID: 30355233 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abnormal SUMOylation has emerged as a characteristic of heart failure (HF) pathology. Previously, we found reduced SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 1) expression and SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) SUMOylation in human and animal HF models. SUMO1 gene delivery or small molecule activation of SUMOylation restored SERCA2a SUMOylation and cardiac function in HF models. Despite the critical role of SUMO1 in HF, the regulatory mechanisms underlying SUMO1 expression are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine miR-146a-mediated SUMO1 regulation and its consequent effects on cardiac morphology and function. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, miR-146a was identified as a SUMO1-targeting microRNA in the heart. A strong correlation was observed between miR-146a and SUMO1 expression in failing mouse and human hearts. miR-146a was manipulated in cardiomyocytes through AAV9 (adeno-associated virus serotype 9)-mediated gene delivery, and cardiac morphology and function were analyzed by echocardiography and hemodynamics. Overexpression of miR-146a reduced SUMO1 expression, SERCA2a SUMOylation, and cardiac contractility in vitro and in vivo. The effects of miR-146a inhibition on HF pathophysiology were examined by transducing a tough decoy of miR-146a into mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction. miR-146a inhibition improved cardiac contractile function and normalized SUMO1 expression. The regulatory mechanisms of miR-146a upregulation were elucidated by examining the major miR-146a-producing cell types and transfer mechanisms. Notably, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts triggered miR-146a overexpression and secretion through extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular vesicle-associated miR-146a transfer was identified as the causative mechanism of miR-146a upregulation in failing cardiomyocytes. Finally, extracellular vesicles isolated from failing hearts were shown to contain high levels of miR-146a and exerted negative effects on the SUMO1/SERCA2a signaling axis and hence cardiomyocyte contractility. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show that miR-146a is a novel regulator of the SUMOylation machinery in the heart, which can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gyun Oh
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Shin Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Philyoung Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Lifan Liang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (A.B., B.D.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (A.B., B.D.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Changwon Kho
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
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69
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Lombardi AA, Gibb AA, Arif E, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Luongo TS, Jadiya P, Murray EK, Lorkiewicz PK, Hajnóczky G, Murphy E, Arany ZP, Kelly DP, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange links metabolism with the epigenome to control cellular differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4509. [PMID: 31586055 PMCID: PMC6778142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is crucial for the initial healing response but excessive myofibroblast activation leads to pathological fibrosis. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast formation. Here we report that mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a regulatory mechanism in myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. We demonstrate that fibrotic signaling alters gating of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) in a MICU1-dependent fashion to reduce mCa2+ uptake and induce coordinated changes in metabolism, i.e., increased glycolysis feeding anabolic pathways and glutaminolysis yielding increased α-ketoglutarate (αKG) bioavailability. mCa2+-dependent metabolic reprogramming leads to the activation of αKG-dependent histone demethylases, enhancing chromatin accessibility in loci specific to the myofibroblast gene program, resulting in differentiation. Our results uncover an important role for the mtCU beyond metabolic regulation and cell death and demonstrate that mCa2+ signaling regulates the epigenome to influence cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Lombardi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- Department of Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology, MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zoltan P Arany
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Meng Q, Bhandary B, Bhuiyan MS, James J, Osinska H, Valiente-Alandi I, Shay-Winkler K, Gulick J, Molkentin JD, Blaxall BC, Robbins J. Myofibroblast-Specific TGFβ Receptor II Signaling in the Fibrotic Response to Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2019; 123:1285-1297. [PMID: 30566042 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs with a frequency of about 1 in 500 people. Approximately 30% of those affected carry mutations within the gene encoding cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin binding protein C). Cardiac stress, as well as cMyBP-C mutations, can trigger production of a 40kDa truncated fragment derived from the amino terminus of cMyBP-C (Mybpc340kDa). Expression of the 40kDa fragment in mouse cardiomyocytes leads to hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure. Here we use genetic approaches to establish a causal role for excessive myofibroblast activation in a slow, progressive genetic cardiomyopathy-one that is driven by a cardiomyocyte-intrinsic genetic perturbation that models an important human disease. OBJECTIVE TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) signaling is implicated in a variety of fibrotic processes, and the goal of this study was to define the role of myofibroblast TGFβ signaling during chronic Mybpc340kDa expression. METHODS AND RESULTS To specifically block TGFβ signaling only in the activated myofibroblasts in Mybpc340kDa transgenic mice and quadruple compound mutant mice were generated, in which the TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) alleles ( Tgfbr2) were ablated using the periostin ( Postn) allele, myofibroblast-specific, tamoxifen-inducible Cre ( Postnmcm) gene-targeted line. Tgfbr2 was ablated either early or late during pathological fibrosis. Early myofibroblast-specific Tgfbr2 ablation during the fibrotic response reduced cardiac fibrosis, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, preserved cardiac function, and increased lifespan of the Mybpc340kDa transgenic mice. Tgfbr2 ablation late in the pathological process reduced cardiac fibrosis, preserved cardiac function, and prolonged Mybpc340kDa mouse survival but failed to reverse cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Mybpc340kDa were significantly decreased by Tgfbr2 ablation in the myofibroblast. Surprisingly, preexisting fibrosis was partially reversed if the gene was ablated subsequent to fibrotic deposition, suggesting that continued TGFβ signaling through the myofibroblasts was needed to maintain the heart fibrotic response to a chronic, disease-causing cardiomyocyte-only stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Meng
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (M.S.B.)
| | - Jeanne James
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.J.)
| | - Hanna Osinska
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Iñigo Valiente-Alandi
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Kritton Shay-Winkler
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - James Gulick
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (Q.M., B.B., H.O., I.V.-A., K.S.-W., J.G., J.D.M., B.C.B., J.R.)
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71
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Regulation of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by MicroRNAs in Chronic Allograft Dysfunction. Transplantation 2019; 103:e64-e73. [PMID: 30907855 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a universal finding in chronic allograft dysfunction, and it is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix. The precise source of the myofibroblasts responsible for matrix deposition is not understood, and pharmacological strategies for prevention or treatment of fibrosis remain limited. One source of myofibroblasts in fibrosis is an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process first described in heart development and involving endothelial cells undergoing a phenotypic change to become more like mesenchymal cells. Recently, lineage tracing of endothelial cells in mouse models allowed studies of EndMT in vivo and reported 27% to 35% of myofibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis and 16% of isolated fibroblasts in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis to be of endothelial origin. Over the past decade, mature microRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly been described as key regulators of biological processes through repression or degradation of targeted mRNA. The stability and abundance of miRNAs in body fluids make them attractive as potential biomarkers, and progress is being made in developing miRNA targeted therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the evidence of miRNA regulation of EndMT from in vitro and in vivo studies and the potential relevance of this to heart, lung, and kidney allograft dysfunction.
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72
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Gong Y, Wang N, Liu N, Dong H. Lipid Peroxidation and GPX4 Inhibition Are Common Causes for Myofibroblast Differentiation and Ferroptosis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:725-733. [PMID: 31140862 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Utilizing HFL1 cell line treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), we investigated the relationship between ferroptosis and pulmonary fibrosis, and the function of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in them. The results indicated that α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I (COL I) mRNA expression levels increased significantly from 24 h after TGF-β1-treatment, and further rose after TGF-β1+erastin treatment. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde were increased, and the levels of GPX4 mRNA and protein were reduced after treatment with TGF-β1, and all these were magnified after TGF-β1+erastin treatment. All these changes induced by TGF-β1 and erastin can be recovered by Fer-1 treatment. The cell viability rate was decreased significantly when treated with TGF-β1+erastin, but no obvious variation of cell viability was found in TGF-β1-treated group and in other groups, suggesting that ROS, lipid peroxidation, and GPX4 inhibition are not sufficient conditions for ferroptosis. Collectively, our study reveals that ROS, lipid peroxidation, and GPX4 play important roles in pulmonary fibrosis and ferroptosis induced by erastin. Erastin promoted fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation by increasing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of GPX4. Fer-1 may inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and ferroptosis through suppressing lipid peroxidation and enhancing GPX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gong
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, P.R. China
| | - Naiguo Liu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, P.R. China
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73
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Liu X, Shan X, Chen H, Li Z, Zhao P, Zhang C, Guo W, Xu M, Lu R. Stachydrine Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis Through Inhibition of Angiotensin II/Transformation Growth Factor β1 Fibrogenic Axis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31178725 PMCID: PMC6538804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, are tightly associated with the pathological myocardial fibrosis. Stachydrine (Sta), a major active compound in Chinese motherwort Leonurus heterophyllus, was reported to effectively attenuate cardiac fibrosis, but the cellular and molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the anti-fibrotic effect of Sta and mechanism underlying were explored in a mouse model of pressure overload and AngII stimulated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Mice were randomly divided into sham, transverse aorta constriction with saline (TAC+Sal), TAC with telmisartan (TAC+Tel), and TAC with Sta (TAC+Sta) groups. Cardiac morphological and functional changes were evaluated by echocardiography and histological methods, and the molecular alterations were detected by western blotting. Primary cultured neonatal mouse CFs were treated with or without angiotensin II (AngII, 10−7 M), transformation growth factor β1 (TGFβ1, 10 ng/mL), and different dosage of Sta (10−6–10−4 M) for up to 96 h, and cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, morphology and related signals were also detected. The in vivo results revealed that TAC prominently induced cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular dilation, myocardial hypertrophy, and elevated myocardial collagen deposition, accompanied with increased fibrotic markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and periostin. However, Sta treatment partially reversed cardiac morphological and functional deteriorations, and significantly blunted cardiac fibrosis as well as Tel. Increments of myocardial angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), and TGFβ1 transcripts, together with increased protein levels of ACE and AngII, after TAC were dramatically down-regulated by Sta treatment. Coincidently, in vitro experiments demonstrated that AngII stimulation in CFs led to up-regulation of AT1R and TGFβ1, and therefore promoted CFs trans-differentiating into hyper-activated myocardial fibroblasts (MFs) as evidenced by increased cell proliferation, collagen and fibrotic makers. On the contrary, Sta potently down-regulated but not directly inhibited AT1R, suppressed TGFβ1 production, and the pro-fibrotic effect of AngII in CFs. Moreover, activation of TGFβ1/Smads signal in the fibrotic process were observed both TAC model and in AngII stimulated CFs, which were also notably blunted by Sta. However, Sta failed to abolish the activation of CFs triggered by TGFβ1. Taken together, it was demonstrated in this study that Sta suppressed ACE/AngII/AT1R-TGFβ1 profibrotic axis, especially on the de novo production of AngII via down-regulating AGT/ACE and AT1R, and therefore inactivated CFs and blunted MFs transition, which ultimately prevented cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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TRPA1 Promotes Cardiac Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation after Myocardial Infarction Injury via the Calcineurin-NFAT-DYRK1A Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6408352. [PMID: 31217840 PMCID: PMC6537015 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6408352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are a critical cell population responsible for myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis. After stimulation by myocardial infarction (MI), CFs transdifferentiate into cardiac myofibroblasts (CMFs) and play a fundamental role in the fibrotic healing response. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are cationic ion channels with a high fractional Ca2+ current, and they are known to influence cardiac function after MI injury; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating CMF transdifferentiation remain poorly understood. TRPA1 knockout mice, their wild-type littermates, and mice pretreated with the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde (CA) were subjected to MI injury and monitored for survival, cardiac function, and fibrotic remodeling. TRPA1 can drive myofibroblast transdifferentiation initiated 1 week after MI injury. In addition, we explored the underlying mechanisms via in vitro experiments through gene transfection alone or in combination with inhibitor treatment. TRPA1 overexpression fully activated CMF transformation, while CFs lacking TRPA1 were refractory to transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) induced transdifferentiation. TGF-β enhanced TRPA1 expression, which promoted the Ca2+-responsive activation of calcineurin (CaN). Moreover, dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase-1a (DYRK1A) regulated CaN-mediated NFAT nuclear translocation and TRPA1-dependent transdifferentiation. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for TRPA1 in the regulation of CMF transdifferentiation in response to MI injury and indicate a comprehensive pathway driving CMF formation in conjunction with TGF-β, Ca2+ influx, CaN, NFATc3, and DYRK1A.
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75
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Ruaro B, Soldano S, Smith V, Paolino S, Contini P, Montagna P, Pizzorni C, Casabella A, Tardito S, Sulli A, Cutolo M. Correlation between circulating fibrocytes and dermal thickness in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1369-1376. [PMID: 31056725 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to detect any possible correlation between the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and dermal thickness (DT) measured by skin high-frequency ultrasound (US) and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Eight lcSSc patients and five healthy subjects (control group, CNT) were enrolled. The skin involvement was evaluated by mRSS and US (18 and 22 MHz probes) in all 13 subjects in the 17 standard skin areas evaluated by mRss. Circulating fibrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all lcSSc patients and the CNT group to analyze their percentage at baseline time (T0) when the experiments started with PBMCs' isolation and collection and after 8 days of culture (T8). Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis. A positive correlation between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes at T0, mRSS (p = 0.04 r = 0.96), and DT-US, evaluated by the 22 MHz and the 18 MHz probes (p = 0.03, r = 0.66 and p = 0.05, r = 0.52, respectively), was observed in lcSSc patients. Conversely, at T8, there was no correlation (p > 0.05) between these parameters in lcSSc group. In the CNT group, no correlations between mRSS or DT-US and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes were observed both at T0 and T8. The study shows the presence of a significant relationship between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes and DT, as evidenced by both mRSS and US, in limited cutaneus SSc. This observation may well suggest the reasonable hypothesis of a crucial contribution of circulating fibrocytes to skin fibrosis progression, which might be considered as further biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Casabella
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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76
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Stempien-Otero A. Maintaining Matrix Composure Under Stress. Circ Res 2019; 124:1149-1150. [PMID: 30973810 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- April Stempien-Otero
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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77
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Dovrolis N, Drygiannakis I, Filidou E, Kandilogiannakis L, Arvanitidis K, Tentes I, Kolios G, Valatas V. Gut Microbial Signatures Underline Complicated Crohn's Disease but Vary Between Cohorts; An In Silico Approach. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:217-225. [PMID: 30346536 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microflora dysbiosis is implicated in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease. This work analyzes differences in microbial communities and relevant metabolic pathways among the nonstricturing nonpenetrating (B1), stricturing (B2), and penetrating (B3) subphenotypes of Crohn's disease vs healthy controls. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis using the QIIME pipeline and the Calypso, linear discriminant analysis effect size, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States, and STAMP tools on publicly available 16S bacterial rRNA sequencing data from terminal ileum mucosal biopsies of healthy controls and the 3 subphenotypes of Crohn's disease. We analyzed differences in microbial diversity and taxonomy, inferred active metabolic pathways via relevant genes' abundance, and detected bacterial families that could serve as biomarkers. Microbiota α-diversity was decreased within all 3 Crohn's disease subphenotypes vs control samples, with more significant reductions in B2 and B3 compared with B1. β-diversity analysis identified similar microbial patterns in B2 and B3 samples, different from those of B1 and from those of healthy controls. Abundance analysis of microbial families in cohorts, beyond altered abundances compared with healthy controls, highlighted significant differences between the B2 and B3 subphenotypes and the B1 subphenotype. A similar pattern was observed in the inference of microbial metabolomics: the B2 and B3 cohorts had different predicted metabolotypes from the B1 cohort, in addition to differences observed in Crohn's disease vs healthy controls. Our findings indicate distinct microbiome signatures in complicated Crohn's disease subphenotypes and provide the basis for further investigation into the role of gut microflora in the natural course of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tentes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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78
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Liu L, Shadish JA, Arakawa CK, Shi K, Davis J, DeForest CA. Cyclic Stiffness Modulation of Cell-Laden Protein-Polymer Hydrogels in Response to User-Specified Stimuli including Light. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1800240. [PMID: 34316509 PMCID: PMC8312699 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although mechanical signals presented by the extracellular matrix are known to regulate many essential cell functions, the specific effects of these interactions, particularly in response to dynamic and heterogeneous cues, remain largely unknown. Here, we introduce a modular semisynthetic approach to create protein-polymer hydrogel biomaterials that undergo reversible stiffening in response to user-specified inputs. Employing a novel dual-chemoenzymatic modification strategy, we create fusion protein-based gel crosslinkers that exhibit stimuli-dependent intramolecular association. Linkers based on calmodulin yield calcium-sensitive materials, while those containing the photosensitive LOV2 (light, oxygen, and voltage sensing domain 2) protein give phototunable constructs whose moduli can be cycled on demand with spatiotemporal control about living cells. We exploit these unique materials to demonstrate the significant role that cyclic mechanical loading plays on fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in three-dimensional (3D) space. Our moduli-switchable materials should prove useful for studies in mechanobiology, providing new avenues to probe and direct matrix-driven changes in 4D cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 3781 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jared A Shadish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 3781 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher K Arakawa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kevin Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 3781 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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79
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Inoue R, Kurahara LH, Hiraishi K. TRP channels in cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 94:40-49. [PMID: 30445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that advanced fibrosis underlies many chronic inflammatory disorders and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the modern world. The pathogenic mechanism of advanced fibrosis involves diverse and intricate interplays between numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, among which the non-trivial roles of a stress-responsive Ca2+/Na+-permeable cation channel superfamily, the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein, are receiving growing attention. Available evidence suggests that several TRP channels such as TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM6 and TRPM7 may play central roles in the progression and/or prevention of fibroproliferative disorders in vital visceral organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, and bowel as well as brain, blood vessels and skin, and may contribute to both acute and chronic inflammatory processes involved therein. This short paper overviews the current knowledge accumulated in this rapidly growing field, with particular focus on cardiac and intestinal fibrosis, which are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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80
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Lenti MV, Di Sabatino A. Intestinal fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:100-109. [PMID: 30385174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive tissue fibrosis is the end-stage process of a number of chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), ulcerative jejunoileitis, and radiation enteritis. Fibrogenesis is a physiological, reparative process that may become harmful as a consequence of the persistence of a noxious agent, after an excessive duration of the healing process. In this case, after replacement of dead or injured cells, fibrogenesis continues to substitute normal parenchymal tissue with fibrous connective tissue, leading to uncontrolled scar formation and, ultimately, permanent organ damage, loss of function, and/or strictures. Several mechanisms have been implicated in sustaining the fibrogenic process. Despite their obvious etiological and clinical distinctions, most of the above-mentioned fibrotic disorders have in common a persistent inflammatory stimulus which sustains the production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, and pro-fibrogenic cytokines that activate both non-immune (i.e., myofibroblasts, fibroblasts) and immune (i.e., monocytes, macrophages, T-cells) cells, the interactions of which are crucial in the progressive tissue remodeling and destroy. Here we summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the mechanisms implicated in gut fibrosis with a clinical approach, also focusing on possible targets of antifibrogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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81
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Zent J, Guo LW. Signaling Mechanisms of Myofibroblastic Activation: Outside-in and Inside-Out. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 49:848-868. [PMID: 30184544 DOI: 10.1159/000493217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are central mediators of fibrosis. Typically derived from resident fibroblasts, myofibroblasts represent a heterogeneous population of cells that are principally defined by acquired contractile function and high synthetic ability to produce extracellular matrix (ECM). Current literature sheds new light on the critical role of ECM signaling coupled with mechanotransduction in driving myofibroblastic activation. In particular, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and extra domain A containing fibronectin (EDA-FN) are thought to be the primary ECM signaling mediators that form and also induce positive feedback loops. The outside-in and inside-out signaling circuits are transmitted and integrated by TGF-β receptors and integrins at the cell membrane, ultimately perpetuating the abundance and activities of TGF-β1 and EDA-FN in the ECM. In this review, we highlight these conceptual advances in understanding myofibroblastic activation, in hope of revealing its therapeutic anti-fibrotic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zent
- Medical Scientist Training Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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82
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van den Hoogenhof MMG, van der Made I, de Groot NE, Damanafshan A, van Amersfoorth SCM, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Pinto YM, Creemers EE. AAV9-mediated Rbm24 overexpression induces fibrosis in the mouse heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11696. [PMID: 30076363 PMCID: PMC6076270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Rbm24 has recently been identified as a pivotal splicing factor in the developing heart. Loss of Rbm24 in mice disrupts cardiac development by governing a large number of muscle-specific splicing events. Since Rbm24 knockout mice are embryonically lethal, the role of Rbm24 in the adult heart remained unexplored. Here, we used adeno-associated viruses (AAV9) to investigate the effect of increased Rbm24 levels in adult mouse heart. Using high-resolution microarrays, we found 893 differentially expressed genes and 1102 differential splicing events in 714 genes in hearts overexpressing Rbm24. We found splicing differences in cardiac genes, such as PDZ and Lim domain 5, Phospholamban, and Titin, but did not find splicing differences in previously identified embryonic splicing targets of Rbm24, such as skNAC, αNAC, and Coro6. Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related and immune response genes. Moreover, we found increased expression of Tgfβ-signaling genes, suggesting enhanced Tgfβ-signaling in these hearts. Ultimately, this increased activation of cardiac fibroblasts, as evidenced by robust expression of Periostin in the heart, and induced extensive cardiac fibrosis. These results indicate that Rbm24 may function as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis, potentially through the regulation of TgfβR1 and TgfβR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E de Groot
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amin Damanafshan
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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83
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Dorn LE, Petrosino JM, Wright P, Accornero F. CTGF/CCN2 is an autocrine regulator of cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:205-211. [PMID: 30040954 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathologic consequence of stress insult to the heart and is characterized by abnormal deposition of fibrotic extracellular matrix that compromises cardiac function. Cardiac fibroblasts are key mediators of fibrotic remodeling and are regulated by secreted stress-response proteins. The matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), or CCN2, is strongly produced by injured cardiomyocytes and although it is considered a pro-fibrotic factor in many organ systems, its role in cardiac fibrosis is controversial. Here we adopted a cell-specific genetic approach to conditionally delete CCN2 in either cardiomyocytes or activated fibroblasts. Fibrosis was induced by angiotensin II-based neurohumoral stimulation, an insult that strongly induces CCN2 expression from cardiomyocytes and to a lesser extent in fibroblasts. Remarkably, only CCN2 deletion from activated fibroblasts inhibited the fibrotic remodeling while deletion from cardiomyocytes (the main source of CCN2 in the heart) had no effects. In vitro experiments revealed that although efficiently secreted by both fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, only fibroblast-derived CCN2 is proficient in its ability to fully activate fibroblasts. These results overall indicate that although secreted into the extracellular matrix, CCN2 acts in an autocrine fashion. Secretion of CCN2 by cardiomyocytes is not pro-fibrotic, while fibroblast-derived CCN2 can modulate fibrosis in the heart. In conclusion we found that cardiomyocyte-derived CCN2 is dispensable for cardiac fibrosis, while inhibiting CCN2 induction in activated fibroblasts is sufficient to abrogate the cardiac fibrotic response to angiotensin II. Hence, CCN2 is an autocrine factor in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Petrosino
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Wright
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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84
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Cutolo M, Ruaro B, Montagna P, Brizzolara R, Stratta E, Trombetta AC, Scabini S, Tavilla PP, Parodi A, Corallo C, Giordano N, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Smith V, Soldano S. Effects of selexipag and its active metabolite in contrasting the profibrotic myofibroblast activity in cultured scleroderma skin fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:77. [PMID: 29720235 PMCID: PMC5932791 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myofibroblasts contribute to fibrosis through the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, primarily type I collagen (COL-1) and fibronectin (FN), a process which is mediated in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by the activation of fibrogenic intracellular signaling transduction molecules, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt). Selexipag is a prostacyclin receptor agonist synthesized for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The study investigated the possibility for selexipag and its active metabolite (ACT-333679) to downregulate the profibrotic activity in primary cultures of SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and the fibrogenic signaling molecules involved. Methods Fibroblasts from skin biopsies obtained with Ethics Committee (EC) approval from patients with SSc, after giving signed informed consent, were cultured until the 3rd culture passage and then either maintained in normal growth medium (untreated cells) or independently treated with different concentrations of selexipag (from 30 μM to 0.3 μM) or ACT-333679 (from 10 μM to 0.1 μM) for 48 h. Protein and gene expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast specific protein-1 (S100A4), COL-1, and FN were investigated by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation was investigated in untreated and ACT-333679-treated cells by western botting. Results Selexipag and ACT-333679 significantly reduced protein synthesis and gene expression of α-SMA, S100A4, and COL-1 in cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts compared to untreated cells, whereas FN was significantly downregulated at the protein level. Interestingly, ACT-333679 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt in cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Conclusions Selexipag and mainly its active metabolite ACT-333679 were found for the first time to potentially interfere with the profibrotic activity of cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts at least in vitro, possibly through the downregulation of fibrogenic Erk1/2 and Akt signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renata Brizzolara
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stratta
- Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amelia Chiara Trombetta
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Scabini
- Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Tavilla
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Corallo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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85
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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86
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Xiao YF, Zeng ZX, Guan XH, Wang LF, Wang CJ, Shi H, Shou W, Deng KY, Xin HB. FKBP12.6 protects heart from AngII-induced hypertrophy through inhibiting Ca 2+ /calmodulin-mediated signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3638-3651. [PMID: 29682889 PMCID: PMC6010737 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that disruption of FK506‐binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) gene resulted in cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Studies showed that overexpression of FKBP12.6 attenuated thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, whereas the adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of FKBP12.6 induced hypertrophy and apoptosis in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, indicating that the role of FKBP12.6 in cardiac hypertrophy is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of FKBP12.6 in angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy using various transgenic mouse models in vivo and in vitro. FKBP12.6 knockout (FKBP12.6−/−) mice and cardiac‐specific FKBP12.6 overexpressing (FKBP12.6 TG) mice were infused with AngII (1500 ng/kg/min) for 14 days subcutaneously by implantation of an osmotic mini‐pump. The results showed that FKBP12.6 deficiency aggravated AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, while cardiac‐specific overexpression of FKBP12.6 prevented hearts from the hypertrophic response to AngII stimulation in mice. Consistent with the results in vivo, overexpression of FKBP12.6 in H9c2 cells significantly repressed the AngII‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, seen as reductions in the cell sizes and the expressions of hypertrophic genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the protection of FKBP12.6 on AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was involved in reducing the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), in which the protein significantly inhibited the key Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent signalling pathways such as calcineurin/cardiac form of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFATc4), calmodulin kinaseII (CaMKII)/MEF‐2, AKT/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/NFATc4 and AKT/mTOR signalling pathways. Our study demonstrated that FKBP12.6 protects heart from AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin‐mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Xiao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Zeng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chan-Juan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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87
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Grosche J, Meißner J, Eble JA. More than a syllable in fib-ROS-is: The role of ROS on the fibrotic extracellular matrix and on cellular contacts. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:30-46. [PMID: 29596842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the ECM changes during fibrosis not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Thus, the composition is altered as the expression of various ECM proteins changes. Moreover, also posttranslational modifications, secretion, deposition and crosslinkage as well as the proteolytic degradation of ECM components run differently during fibrosis. As several of these processes involve redox reactions and some of them are even redox-regulated, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence fibrotic diseases. Redox regulation of the ECM has not been studied intensively, although evidences exist that the alteration of the ECM, including the redox-relevant processes of its formation and degradation, may be of key importance not only as a cause but also as a consequence of fibrotic diseases. Myofibroblasts, which have differentiated from fibroblasts during fibrosis, produce most of the ECM components and in return obtain important environmental cues of the ECM, including their redox-dependent fibrotic alterations. Thus, myofibroblast differentiation and fibrotic changes of the ECM are interdependent processes and linked with each other via cell-matrix contacts, which are mediated by integrins and other cell adhesion molecules. These cell-matrix contacts are also regulated by redox processes and by ROS. However, most of the redox-catalyzing enzymes are localized within cells. Little is known about redox-regulating enzymes, especially the ones that control the formation and cleavage of redox-sensitive disulfide bridges within the extracellular space. They are also important players in the redox-regulative crosstalk between ECM and cells during fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Grosche
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane Meißner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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88
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Binetti S, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Dermal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition sustained by αvß3 integrin-ILK-Snail1/Slug signaling is a common feature for hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1010-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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89
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Wu J, Jackson-Weaver O, Xu J. The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:323-335. [PMID: 29462261 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily includes the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and Activin/Inhibin families of ligands. Among the 33 members of TGFβ superfamily ligands, many act on multiple types of cells within the heart, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells (e.g. monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in different cardiac residential cellular components, in association with functional impacts in heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction. Specifically, we will review the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractility, metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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90
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Tsoyi K, Chu SG, Patino-Jaramillo NG, Wilder J, Villalba J, Doyle-Eisele M, McDonald J, Liu X, El-Chemaly S, Perrella MA, Rosas IO. Syndecan-2 Attenuates Radiation-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Fibroblast Activation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/ROCK Pathway via CD148. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:208-215. [PMID: 28886261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0088oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication of patients treated with thoracic irradiation. We have previously shown that syndecan-2 reduces fibrosis by exerting alveolar epithelial cytoprotective effects. Here, we investigate whether syndecan-2 attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice that overexpress human syndecan-2 in alveolar macrophages were exposed to 14 Gy whole-thoracic radiation. At 24 weeks after irradiation, lungs were collected for histological, protein, and mRNA evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis, profibrotic gene expression, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Mouse lung fibroblasts were activated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the presence or absence of syndecan-2. Cell proliferation, migration, and gel contraction were assessed at different time points. Irradiation resulted in significantly increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis in wild-type mice that was associated with elevated lung expression of TGF-β1 downstream target genes and cell death compared with irradiated syndecan-2 transgenic mice. In mouse lung fibroblasts, syndecan-2 inhibited α-SMA expression, cell contraction, proliferation, and migration induced by TGF-β1. Syndecan-2 attenuated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter. Syndecan-2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to radiation and inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, migration, and proliferation by down-regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and blocking serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter via CD148. These findings suggest that syndecan-2 has potential as an antifibrotic therapy in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sarah G Chu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Julie Wilder
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Julian Villalba
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jacob McDonald
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mark A Perrella
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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91
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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Nancy P, Siewiera J, Rizzuto G, Tagliani E, Osokine I, Manandhar P, Dolgalev I, Clementi C, Tsirigos A, Erlebacher A. H3K27me3 dynamics dictate evolving uterine states in pregnancy and parturition. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:233-247. [PMID: 29202469 PMCID: PMC5749543 DOI: 10.1172/jci95937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the causes of pregnancy complications such as preterm labor requires greater insight into how the uterus remains in a noncontractile state until term and then surmounts this state to enter labor. Here, we show that dynamic generation and erasure of the repressive histone modification tri-methyl histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) in decidual stromal cells dictate both elements of pregnancy success in mice. In early gestation, H3K27me3-induced transcriptional silencing of select gene targets ensured uterine quiescence by preventing the decidua from expressing parturition-inducing hormone receptors, manifesting type 1 immunity, and most unexpectedly, generating myofibroblasts and associated wound-healing responses. In late gestation, genome-wide H3K27 demethylation allowed for target gene upregulation, decidual activation, and labor entry. Pharmacological inhibition of H3K27 demethylation in late gestation not only prevented term parturition, but also inhibited delivery while maintaining pup viability in a noninflammatory model of preterm parturition. Immunofluorescence analysis of human specimens suggested that similar regulatory events might occur in the human decidua. Together, these results reveal the centrality of regulated gene silencing in the uterine adaptation to pregnancy and suggest new areas in the study and treatment of pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Nancy
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johan Siewiera
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | | | - Elisa Tagliani
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caterina Clementi
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Adrian Erlebacher
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
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93
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Kim P, Chu N, Davis J, Kim DH. Mechanoregulation of Myofibroblast Fate and Cardiac Fibrosis. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700172. [PMID: 31406913 PMCID: PMC6690497 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During myocardial infarction, myocytes die and are replaced by a specialized fibrotic extracellular matrix, otherwise known as scarring. Fibrotic scarring presents a tremendous hemodynamic burden on the heart, as it creates a stiff substrate, which resists diastolic filling. Fibrotic mechanisms result in permanent scarring which often leads to hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and a rapid progression to failure. Despite the deep understanding of fibrosis in other tissues, acquired through previous investigations, the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that biochemical cues as well as mechanical cues regulate cells in myocardium. However, the steps in myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as well as the molecular mechanisms of such transdifferentiation in vivo, are poorly understood. This review is focused on defining myofibroblast physiology, scar mechanics, and examining current findings of myofibroblast regulation by mechanical stress, stiffness, and topography for understanding fibrotic disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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94
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Ivey MJ, Kuwabara JT, Pai JT, Moore RE, Sun Z, Tallquist MD. Resident fibroblast expansion during cardiac growth and remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 114:161-174. [PMID: 29158033 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, denoted by the deposition of extracellular matrix, manifests with a variety of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Underlying this pathological extracellular matrix secretion is an expansion of fibroblasts. The mouse is now a common experimental model system for the study of cardiovascular remodeling and elucidation of fibroblast responses to cardiac growth and stress is vital for understanding disease processes. Here, using diverse but fibroblast specific markers, we report murine fibroblast distribution and proliferation in early postnatal, adult, and injured hearts. We find that perinatal fibroblasts and endothelial cells proliferate at similar rates. Furthermore, regardless of the injury model, fibroblast proliferation peaks within the first week after injury, a time window similar to the period of the inflammatory phase. In addition, fibroblast densities remain high weeks after the initial insult. These results provide detailed information regarding fibroblast distribution and proliferation in experimental methods of heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina J Ivey
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Jill T Kuwabara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Jonathan T Pai
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Richard E Moore
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Bioengineering, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Zuyue Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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95
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Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis occurs because of disruption of the extracellular matrix network leading to myocardial dysfunction. Angiotensin II has been implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiac pathologies; however, the underlying mechanism of microRNAs in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. MicroRNA‐130a (miR‐130a) has been shown to participate in angiogenesis and cardiac arrhythmia; however, its role in cardiac fibrosis is unknown. Methods and Results In this study, we found that miR‐130a was significantly upregulated in angiotensin II‐infused mice. The in vivo inhibition of miR‐130a by locked nucleic acid– based anti‐miR‐130a in mice significantly reduced angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Upregulation of miR‐130a was confirmed in failing human hearts. Overexpressing miR‐130a in cardiac fibroblasts promoted profibrotic gene expression and myofibroblasts differentiation, and the inhibition of miR‐130a reversed the processes. Using the constitutive and dominant negative constructs of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ 3‐′untranslated region (UTR), data revealed that the protective mechanism was associated with restoration of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ level leading to the inhibition of angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that miR‐130a plays a critical role in cardiac fibrosis by directly targeting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. We conclude that inhibition of miR‐130a would be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
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96
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Liu M, Xu X, Zhao J, Tang Y. Naringenin inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis via G0/G1 arrest. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4425-4430. [PMID: 29104653 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Traditional Chinese Medicine naringenin (NRG) has a number of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor and anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, the mechanism underlying its effects remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and mechanism of NRG on proliferation and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Firstly, proliferation and collagen synthesis in CFs subjected to TGF-β1 was assessed subsequent to the consumption of NRG or control treatment. Additionally, the cell cycle of different groups and the roles of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in NRG treatment of CFs were detected. In the present study, it was revealed that treatment of CFs with NRG resulted in attenuated fibroblast α-smooth muscle actin expression, deceased proliferation and collagen synthesis when compared with a TGF-β1 stimulus. Additionally, it was demonstrated that cell population of CFs treated with NRG in the S-phase became smaller whereas that of CFs in the G0/G1-phase increased when compared with the TGF-β1 group. Mechanistically, the expression of cyclin D1-CDK4/6 and cyclin E2-CDK2 were inhibited in the NRG treatment group. These results illustrated that the protective effects of NRG on proliferation and collagen synthesis of CFs were at least in part due to G0/G1 arrest. Therefore, NRG may become a novel strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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97
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Meng Q, Bhandary B, Osinska H, James J, Xu N, Shay-Winkler K, Gulick J, Willis MS, Lander C, Robbins J. MMI-0100 Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis in a Mouse Model Overexpressing Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006590. [PMID: 28871043 PMCID: PMC5634300 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac stress can trigger production of a 40‐kDa peptide fragment derived from the amino terminus of the cardiac myosin‐binding protein C. Cardiac stress, as well as cMyBP‐C mutations, can trigger production of 1 such truncated protein fragment, a 40‐kDa peptide fragment derived from the amino terminus of cMyBP‐C. Genetic expression of this 40‐kDa fragment in mouse cardiomyocytes (cMyBP‐C40k) leads to cardiac disease, fibrosis, and death within the first year. Fibrosis can occur in many cardiovascular diseases, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase––activated protein kinase‐2 signaling has been implicated in a variety of fibrotic processes. Recent studies demonstrated that mitogen‐activated protein kinase––activated protein kinase‐2 inhibition using the cell‐permeant peptide inhibitor MMI‐0100 is protective in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that MMI‐0100 might also be protective in a chronic model of fibrosis, produced as a result of cMyBP‐C40k cardiomyocyte expression. Methods and Results Nontransgenic and cMyBP‐C40k inducible transgenic mice were given MMI‐0100 or PBS daily for 30 weeks. In control groups, long‐term MMI‐0100 was benign, with no measurable effects on cardiac anatomy, function, cell viability, hypertrophy, or probability of survival. In the inducible transgenic group, MMI‐0100 treatment reduced cardiac fibrosis, decreased cardiac hypertrophy, and prolonged survival. Conclusions Pharmaceutical inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase––activated protein kinase‐2 signaling via MMI‐0100 treatment is beneficial in the context of fibrotic cMyBPC40k disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Meng
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hanna Osinska
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeanne James
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Na Xu
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kritton Shay-Winkler
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James Gulick
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Jeffrey Robbins
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
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98
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Marín-Royo G, Martínez-Martínez E, Gutiérrez B, Jurado-López R, Gallardo I, Montero O, Bartolomé MV, San Román JA, Salaices M, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. The impact of obesity in the cardiac lipidome and its consequences in the cardiac damage observed in obese rats. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 30:10-20. [PMID: 28869040 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the impact of obesity on the cardiac lipid profile in rats with diet-induced obesity, as well as to evaluate whether or not the specific changes in lipid species are associated with cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or standard diet (3.5% fat) for 6 weeks. Cardiac lipids were analyzed using by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS HFD rats showed cardiac fibrosis and enhanced levels of cardiac superoxide anion (O2), HOMA index, adiposity, and plasma leptin, as well as a reduction in those of cardiac glucose transporter (GLUT 4), compared with control animals. Cardiac lipid profile analysis showed a significant increase in triglycerides, especially those enriched with palmitic, stearic, and arachidonic acid. An increase in levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) was also observed. No changes in cardiac levels of diacyl phosphatidylcholine, or even a reduction in total levels of diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine, diacyl phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelins (SM) was observed in HFD, as compared with control animals. After adjustment for other variables (oxidative stress, HOMA, cardiac hypertrophy), total levels of DAG were independent predictors of cardiac fibrosis while the levels of total SM were independent predictors of the cardiac levels of GLUT 4. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that obesity has a significant impact on cardiac lipid composition, although it does not modulate the different species in a similar manner. Nonetheless, these changes are likely to participate in the cardiac damage in the context of obesity, since total DAG levels can facilitate the development of cardiac fibrosis, and SM levels predict GLUT4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centro de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mª Visitación Bartolomé
- Departamento de Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto San Román
- Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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99
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Gao F, Alwhaibi A, Sabbineni H, Verma A, Eldahshan W, Somanath PR. Suppression of Akt1-β-catenin pathway in advanced prostate cancer promotes TGFβ1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:177-189. [PMID: 28602980 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Akt1 is essential for the oncogenic transformation and tumor growth in various cancers. However, the precise role of Akt1 in advanced cancers is conflicting. Using a neuroendocrine TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model, we first show that the genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 in mice blunts oncogenic transformation and prostate cancer (PCa) growth. Intriguingly, triciribine (TCBN)-mediated Akt inhibition in 25-week old, tumor-bearing TRAMP mice and Akt1 gene silencing in aggressive PCa cells enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted metastasis to the lungs. Mechanistically, Akt1 suppression leads to increased expression of EMT markers such as Snail1 and N-cadherin and decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin in TRAMP prostate, and in PC3 and DU145 cells. Next, we identified that Akt1 knockdown in PCa cells results in increased production of TGFβ1 and its receptor TGFβ RII, associated with a decreased expression of β-catenin. Furthermore, treatment of PCa cells with ICG001 that blocks nuclear translocation of β-catenin promoted EMT and N-cadherin expression. Together, our study demonstrates a novel role of the Akt1-β-catenin-TGFβ1 pathway in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Harika Sabbineni
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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100
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Li J, Yao W, Zhang L, Bao L, Chen H, Wang D, Yue Z, Li Y, Zhang M, Hao C. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in lung fibroblasts co-cultured with silica-exposed alveolar macrophages. Respir Res 2017; 18:91. [PMID: 28499430 PMCID: PMC5429546 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to crystalline silica is considered to increase the risk of lung fibrosis. The primary effector cell, the myofibroblast, plays an important role in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). DNA methylation change is considered to have a potential effect on myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of lung fibroblasts co-cultured with alveolar macrophages exposed to crystalline silica in vitro. Methods AM/fibroblast co-culture system was established. CCK8 was used to assess the toxicity of AMs. mRNA and protein expression of collagen I, α-SMA, MAPK9 and TGF-β1 of fibroblasts after AMs exposed to 100 μg /ml SiO2 for 0–, 24–, or 48 h were determined by means of quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Genomic DNA of fibroblasts was isolated using MeDIP-Seq to sequence. R software, GO, KEGG and Cytoscape were used to analyze the data. Results SiO2 exposure increased the expression of collagen I and α-SMA in fibroblasts in co-culture system. Analysis of fibroblast methylome identified extensive methylation changes involved in several signaling pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and metabolic pathways. Several candidates, including Tgfb1 and Mapk9, are hubs who can connect the gene clusters. MAPK9 mRNA expression was significantly higher in fibroblast exposed to SiO2 in co-culture system for 48 h. MAPK9 protein expression was increased at both 24-h and 48-h treatment groups. TGF-β1 mRNA expression of fibroblast has a time-dependent manner, but we didn’t observe the TGF-β1 protein expression. Conclusion Tgfb1 and Mapk9 are helpful to explore the mechanism of myofibroblast differentiation. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of fibroblasts in this experimental silicosis model will be useful for future studies on epigenetic gene regulation during myofibroblast differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0576-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Wu Yao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Lei Bao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Zhongzheng Yue
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China.
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