51
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Nyoka M, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Kondiah PPD, Pillay V. Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Various Methods: Implications for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E242. [PMID: 32013189 PMCID: PMC7075153 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been used in a number of non-medical products over the years. The therapeutic application of these nanoparticles has mainly been due to their oxidative stress ameliorating abilities. Their enzyme-mimetic catalytic ability to change between the Ce3+ and Ce4+ species makes them ideal for a role as free-radical scavengers for systemic diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we look at various methods of synthesis (including the use of stabilizing/capping agents and precursors), and how the synthesis method affects the physicochemical properties, their behavior in biological environments, their catalytic abilities as well as their reported toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutics Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (M.N.); (Y.E.C.); (P.K.); (P.P.D.K.)
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52
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Baysal A, Saygin H, Ustabasi GS. An insight into the dependency on sample preparation for (eco) toxicity assessment of TiO 2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:144. [PMID: 31989337 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the environmental hazard of nanoparticles can be a challenging task using various testing strategies. However, to our knowledge, no information is available about the impact of the sample preparation on the toxicity and toxicity mechanism of nanoparticles. For this aim, three sample preparation methods and their available toxicity procedures were conducted to examine the (eco) toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles using bacteria model system. To detail understanding of the effect of sample preparation, the key events on the inhibition were examined by physicochemical and antioxidant responses. The findings showed that the physicochemical and toxicological behavior of the tested TiO2 NPs varied according to the sample preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Baysal
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T.C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T.C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Sirin Ustabasi
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T.C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
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53
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Han HY, Cho JW, Seong E, Park EJ, Lee GH, Kim DW, Yang YS, Oh JH, Yoon S, Lee TG, Kim TW, Park EJ. Amorphous silica nanoparticle-induced pulmonary inflammatory response depends on particle size and is sex-specific in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 390:114890. [PMID: 31972177 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to mass production and extensive use, the potential adverse health effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASiNPs) have received a significant attention from the public and researchers. However, the relationship between physicochemical properties of ASiNPs and their health effects is still unclear. In this study, we manufactured two types of ASiNPs of different diameters (20 and 50 nm) and compared the toxic response induced in rats after intratracheal instillation (75, 150 or 300 μg/rat). There were no dose-related differences in mortality, body weight gain or organ weight between the groups. However both types of ASiNPs significantly decreased the proportion of neutrophils in male rats, whereas the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were markedly reduced only in female rats instilled with 20 nm-ASiNPs. ASiNPs-induced lung tissue damage seemed to be more evident in the 20 nm ASiNP-treated group and in female rats than male rats. Similarly, expression of caveolin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 seemed to be most notably enhanced in female rats treated with 20 nm-ASiNPs. The total number of bronchial alveolar lavage cells significantly increased in rats instilled with 20 nm-ASiNPs, accompanying a decrease in the proportion of macrophages and an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Moreover, secretion of inflammatory mediators clearly increased in human bronchial epithelial cells treated with 20 nm-ASiNPs, but not in those treated with 50 nm-ASiNPs. These results suggest that pulmonary effects of ASiNPs depend on particle size. Sex-dependent differences should also be carefully considered in understanding nanomaterial-induced adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Yun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsol Seong
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jun Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yang
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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54
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Keller JG, Graham UM, Koltermann-Jülly J, Gelein R, Ma-Hock L, Landsiedel R, Wiemann M, Oberdörster G, Elder A, Wohlleben W. Predicting dissolution and transformation of inhaled nanoparticles in the lung using abiotic flow cells: The case of barium sulfate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:458. [PMID: 31949204 PMCID: PMC6965653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Barium sulfate (BaSO4) was considered to be poorly-soluble and of low toxicity, but BaSO4 NM-220 showed a surprisingly short retention after intratracheal instillation in rat lungs, and incorporation of Ba within the bones. Here we show that static abiotic dissolution cannot rationalize this result, whereas two dynamic abiotic dissolution systems (one flow-through and one flow-by) indicated 50% dissolution after 5 to 6 days at non-saturating conditions regardless of flow orientation, which is close to the in vivo half-time of 9.6 days. Non-equilibrium conditions were thus essential to simulate in vivo biodissolution. Instead of shrinking from 32 nm to 23 nm (to match the mass loss to ions), TEM scans of particles retrieved from flow-cells showed an increase to 40 nm. Such transformation suggested either material transport through interfacial contact or Ostwald ripening at super-saturating conditions and was also observed in vivo inside macrophages by high-resolution TEM following 12 months inhalation exposure. The abiotic flow cells thus adequately predicted the overall pulmonary biopersistence of the particles that was mediated by non-equilibrium dissolution and recrystallization. The present methodology for dissolution and transformation fills a high priority gap in nanomaterial hazard assessment and is proposed for the implementation of grouping and read-across by dissolution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Keller
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uschi M Graham
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, USA
| | - Johanna Koltermann-Jülly
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Gelein
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Mendelstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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55
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Potential of Tribological Properties of Metal Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31802447 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanomaterials show tremendous applications in biomedical devices due to compatible integration into the most of the biological systems as they are nano- structured. Metallic nanomaterials are capable of mimicking all the three major antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase and oxidase, to control the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cell as an alternative strategy over conventional one which has biological toxicity and have several adverse effects, if accumulation takes places during the treatment. This anti-oxidant property of metallic nanomaterials demonstrates as a promising candidate for its biomedical application in disease conditions where the excessive level of ROS causes damage to DNA, lipids and protein in several conditions such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Tribology is the study of interacting surfaces in motion and the measurement of properties such as friction, wear-tear and abrasion. While designing nano-scale biomedical devices, the consideration of tribology is particularly important because the high surface area ratio enhances problems with friction and wear-tear which can further affects its function as well as longevity.
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56
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Jin SE, Jin HE. Synthesis, Characterization, and Three-Dimensional Structure Generation of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomedicine for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E575. [PMID: 31689932 PMCID: PMC6921052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been studied as metal-based drugs that may be used for biomedical applications due to the fact of their biocompatibility. Their physicochemical properties, which depend on synthesis techniques involving physical, chemical, biological, and microfluidic reactor methods affect biological activity in vitro and in vivo. Advanced tool-based physicochemical characterization is required to identify the biological and toxicological effects of ZnO nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have variable morphologies and can be molded into three-dimensional structures to enhance their performance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have shown therapeutic activity against cancer, diabetes, microbial infection, and inflammation. They have also shown the potential to aid in wound healing and can be used for imaging tools and sensors. In this review, we discuss the synthesis techniques, physicochemical characteristics, evaluation tools, techniques used to generate three-dimensional structures, and the various biomedical applications of ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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57
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Pereira da Costa Araújo A, Lima VS, Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira J, Mesak C, Malafaia G. First report on the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of Zno nanoparticles in reptiles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:556-564. [PMID: 31276868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how human activities affect animal biodiversity is essential to investigations about the biological effects of several pollutants and contaminants dispersed in the environment. This is the case of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which are emerging pollutants whose effect on reptiles' health is completely unknown. Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the possible damages induced by these NPs in Podocnemis expansa juveniles (Amazon turtle) by using morphological changes of circulating erythrocytes as nuclear toxicity biomarker. The animals were exposed to the intramuscular administration of 440 μg/kg and 440,000 μg/kg of ZnO NPs, for 10 consecutive days. The micronuclei assay and other nuclear abnormalities were performed at the end of the experiment, as well as different morphometric measurements applied to the erythrocytes. Based on the current data, ZnO NPs induced nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei and binucleation, which are associated with carcinogenic processes and with flaws in the mitotic machinery. The low "nuclear area: erythrocyte area" ratio and larger cytoplasmic area observed for animals exposed to NPs evidenced erythrocytic change induction likely related to negative energy balance/metabolism interferences and/or to oxygen transportation efficiency by erythrocytes. This is the first report on the mutagenic and cytotoxic effect induced by NPs on representatives of a group of reptiles. This outcome suggests that further investigations must focus on better understanding the (eco)toxicological potential of ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Silva Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mesak
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil.
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58
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Brüngel R, Rückert J, Wohlleben W, Babick F, Ghanem A, Gaillard C, Mech A, Rauscher H, Hodoroaba VD, Weigel S, Friedrich CM. NanoDefiner e-Tool: An Implemented Decision Support Framework for Nanomaterial Identification. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3247. [PMID: 31590255 PMCID: PMC6803960 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The European Commission's recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial (2011/696/EU) established an applicable standard for material categorization. However, manufacturers face regulatory challenges during registration of their products. Reliable categorization is difficult and requires considerable expertise in existing measurement techniques (MTs). Additionally, organizational complexity is increased as different authorities' registration processes require distinct reporting. The NanoDefine project tackled these obstacles by providing the NanoDefiner e-tool: A decision support expert system for nanomaterial identification in a regulatory context. It provides MT recommendations for categorization of specific materials using a tiered approach (screening/confirmatory), and was constructed with experts from academia and industry to be extensible, interoperable, and adaptable for forthcoming revisions of the nanomaterial definition. An implemented MT-driven material categorization scheme allows detailed description. Its guided workflow is suitable for a variety of user groups. Direct feedback and explanation enable transparent decisions. Expert knowledge is held in a knowledge base for representation of MT performance criteria and physicochemical particle type properties. Continuous revision ensured data quality and validity. Recommendations were validated by independent case studies on industry-relevant particulate materials. Besides supporting material identification and registration, the free and open-source e-tool may serve as template for other expert systems within the nanoscience domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Brüngel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund (FH Dortmund), 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rückert
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund (FH Dortmund), 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Material Physics Research, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Frank Babick
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antoine Ghanem
- R&I Centre Brussels, Solvay S.A., 1120 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Weigel
- Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT Wageningen UR, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christoph M Friedrich
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund (FH Dortmund), 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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59
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Nanoformulation properties, characterization, and behavior in complex biological matrices: Challenges and opportunities for brain-targeted drug delivery applications and enhanced translational potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:146-180. [PMID: 30797956 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (synthetic/cell-based have attracted enormous interest for various therapeutic indications, including neurodegenerative disorders. A broader understanding of the impact of nanomedicines design is now required to enhance their translational potential. Nanoformulations in vivo journey is significantly affected by their physicochemical properties including the size, shape, hydrophobicity, elasticity, and surface charge/chemistry/morphology, which play a role as an interface with the biological environment. Understanding protein corona formation is crucial in characterizing nanocarriers and evaluating their interactions with biological systems. In this review, the types and properties of the brain-targeted nanocarriers are discussed. The biological factors and nanocarriers properties affecting their in vivo behavior are elaborated. The compositional description of cell culture and biological matrices, including proteins potentially relevant to protein corona built-up on nanoformulation especially for brain administration, is provided. Analytical techniques of characterizing nanocarriers in complex matrices, their advantages, limitations, and implementation challenges in industrial GMP environment are discussed. The uses of orthogonal complementary characterization approaches of nanocarriers are also covered.
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60
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Yang W, Deng X, Huang W, Qing X, Shao Z. The Physicochemical Properties of Graphene Nanocomposites Influence the Anticancer Effect. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7254534. [PMID: 31354821 PMCID: PMC6636583 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7254534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanocomposite is an inorganic nanocomposite material, which has been widely used in the treatment of tumor at present due to its ability of drug loading, modifiability, photothermal effect, and photodynamic effect. However, the application of graphene nanocomposite is now limited due to the fact that the functions mentioned above are not well realized. This is mainly because people do not have a systematic understanding of the physical and chemical properties of GO nanomolecules, so that we cannot make full use of GO nanomolecules to make the most suitable materials for the use of medicine. Here, we are the first to discuss the influence of the physicochemical properties of graphene nanocomposite on the various functions related to their antitumor effects. The relationship between some important physicochemical properties of graphene nanocomposite such as diameter, shape, and surface chemistry and their functions related to antitumor effects was obtained through analysis, which provides evidence for the application of related materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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61
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Ambrosio JAR, Pinto BCDS, Godoy DDS, Carvalho JA, Abreu ADS, da Silva BGM, Leonel LDC, Costa MS, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue as a candidate for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy applications in Candida albicans growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1356-1373. [PMID: 31215329 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1632615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles (GN) with an intrinsic antimicrobial activity maybe a good choice to improve the effectiveness of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). The aim of this study was to development gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue (GN-MB) and investigate the effect of GN-MB in the Candida albicans growth by PACT protocols. The GN and GN-MB were prepared by two-step desolvation. The nanoparticulate systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy and steady-state techniques, the in vitro drug release was investigated, and we studied the effect of PACT on C. albicans growth. Satisfactory yields and encapsulation efficiency of GN-MB were obtained (yield = 76.0% ± 2.1 and EE = 84.0% ± 1.3). All the spectroscopic results presented here showed excellent photophysical parameters of the studied drug. Entrapment of MB in GN significantly prolongs it's in vitro release. The results of PACT experiments clearly demonstrated that the photosensitivity of C. albicans was higher when GN-MB was used. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy may be used against Candida albicans growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele da Silva Godoy
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro da Silva Abreu
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Carvalho Leonel
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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62
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Ullmann C, Babick F, Stintz M. Microfiltration of Submicron-Sized and Nano-Sized Suspensions for Particle Size Determination by Dynamic Light Scattering. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060829. [PMID: 31159329 PMCID: PMC6630251 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is commonly used for the determination of average particle diameters and suspension stability and popular in academics and industry. However, DLS is not considered suitable for polydisperse samples. The presence of little quantities of micrometre particles in nano and submicrometre suspensions especially affect the reliability of DLS results. Microfiltration might be a suitable method for the removal of unwanted large particles. This study investigates the effect of microfiltration on the diameter distributions as measured by DLS. Polystyrene standards (40–900 nm diameter), and monomodal silica suspensions were filtered with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes (0.1–1.0 µm pore size) to investigate retention properties and grade efficiency. Non-ideal materials were used to prove the results. Experiments showed that a mono-exponential decay can be achieved by filtration. A size safety factor of at least three between labeled pore size and average diameter was found to keep separation as low as possible. Filtration in order to enhance DLS for particulate submicrometre materials was considered suitable for narrowly distributed coated titania and kaolin powder. In a regulatory context, this might have an impact on considering a substance false positive or false negative according to the European Commission (EC) recommendation of a definition of the term nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ullmann
- Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Münchner Platz 3, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frank Babick
- Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Münchner Platz 3, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Stintz
- Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Münchner Platz 3, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
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63
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Barabadi H, Damavandi Kamali K, Jazayeri Shoushtari F, Tajani B, Mahjoub MA, Alizadeh A, Saravanan M. Emerging Theranostic Silver and Gold Nanomaterials to Combat Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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64
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Developing OECD test guidelines for regulatory testing of nanomaterials to ensure mutual acceptance of test data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 104:74-83. [PMID: 30831158 PMCID: PMC6486396 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) provides a global forum for discussion of nano-safety issues. Together with the OECD Test Guidelines Programme (TGP) the WPMN has explored the need for adaptation of some of the existing OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and Guidance Documents (GDs) as well as developing new TGs and GDs to specifically address NM issues. An overview is provided of progress in the TGP and WPMN, and information on supporting initiatives, regarding the development of TGs for nanomaterials addressing Physical Chemical Properties, Effects on Biotic Systems, Environmental Fate and Behaviour, and Health Effects. Three TGs specifically addressing manufactured nanomaterials have been adopted: a new TG318 ″Dispersion Stability of Nanomaterials in Simulated Environmental Media", and adaptation of TG412 and TG413 on Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study/90-day Study. The associated GD39 on Inhalation Toxicity Testing has also been revised. The TGP current develops four new TGs and four GDs. One new TG and six GDs are developed in the WPMN. Six new proposals were submitted to the TGP in 2018. Furthermore, as TGs are accompanied by OECD harmonised templates (OHTs) for data collection, an outline of recently developed OHTs particularly relevant for NMs is also included.
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65
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Aschberger K, Asturiol D, Lamon L, Richarz A, Gerloff K, Worth A. Grouping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to read-across genotoxicity: A case study to evaluate the applicability of regulatory guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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66
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Saravanan M, Barabadi H, Ramachandran B, Venkatraman G, Ponmurugan K. Emerging plant-based anti-cancer green nanomaterials in present scenario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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67
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Jantunen APK, Gottardo S, Rasmussen K, Crutzen HP. An inventory of ready-to-use and publicly available tools for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. NANOIMPACT 2018; 12:18-28. [PMID: 30505982 PMCID: PMC6255795 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Legislation addressing environmental, health and safety aspects of nanomaterials in consumer products and ensuring their safe use is being continuously updated in the European Union and globally. This leads to a growing need for tools to implement this developing legislation. A freely accessible inventory of ready-to-use and publicly available tools that together cover the tasks within a nanomaterial safety assessment process was built in the presented work. This inventory is a unique metadata set in Excel® format: the 'NANoREG Toolbox', which assembles information needed for selecting and accessing instruments that meet specific goals. The recorded tools are categorised according to their purpose, type and regulatory status. The Toolbox covers an unprecedented and broad range of over 500 current tools, developed in Europe and beyond. While NANoREG focussed on safety assessment under the EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), the instruments in the Toolbox are relevant and useful for nanomaterial safety assessments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hugues P. Crutzen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2479, I-21027 Ispra, Italy
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68
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Johari SA, Rasmussen K, Gulumian M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Tetarazako N, Kashiwada S, Asghari S, Park JW, Yu IJ. Introducing a new standardized nanomaterial environmental toxicity screening testing procedure, ISO/TS 20787: aquatic toxicity assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in saltwater Lakes using Artemia sp. nauplii. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:95-109. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1512695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Johari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saba Asghari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - June-Woo Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm CO., LTD, Icheon, Republic of Korea
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69
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Gatto F, Bardi G. Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100753. [PMID: 30248990 PMCID: PMC6215296 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our immunity is guaranteed by a complex system that includes specialized cells and active molecules working in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner. Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system and their potential immunotoxicity are key aspects for an exhaustive biological characterization. Several assays can be used to unravel the immunological features of nanoparticles, each one giving information on specific pathways leading to immune activation or immune suppression. Size, shape, and surface chemistry determine the surrounding corona, mainly formed by soluble proteins, hence, the biological identity of nanoparticles released in cell culture conditions or in a living organism. Here, we review the main laboratory characterization steps and immunological approaches that can be used to understand and predict the responses of the immune system to frequently utilized metallic or metal-containing nanoparticles, in view of their potential uses in diagnostics and selected therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gatto
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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70
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Lamon L, Aschberger K, Asturiol D, Richarz A, Worth A. Grouping of nanomaterials to read-across hazard endpoints: a review. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:100-118. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1506060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lamon
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - K. Aschberger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - D. Asturiol
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - A. Richarz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - A. Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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71
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Mech A, Rasmussen K, Jantunen P, Aicher L, Alessandrelli M, Bernauer U, Bleeker EAJ, Bouillard J, Di Prospero Fanghella P, Draisci R, Dusinska M, Encheva G, Flament G, Haase A, Handzhiyski Y, Herzberg F, Huwyler J, Jacobsen NR, Jeliazkov V, Jeliazkova N, Nymark P, Grafström R, Oomen AG, Polci ML, Riebeling C, Sandström J, Shivachev B, Stateva S, Tanasescu S, Tsekovska R, Wallin H, Wilks MF, Zellmer S, Apostolova MD. Insights into possibilities for grouping and read-across for nanomaterials in EU chemicals legislation. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:119-141. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1513092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mech
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - K. Rasmussen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P. Jantunen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - L. Aicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Bernauer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - E. A. J. Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J. Bouillard
- Parc Technologique ALATA, INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - R. Draisci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Roma, Italy
| | - M. Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU, Kjeller, Norway
| | - G. Encheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G. Flament
- Nanotechnology Industries Association, NIA, Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Handzhiyski
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F. Herzberg
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N. R. Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, NRCWE, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - P. Nymark
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, KI, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - R. Grafström
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, KI, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - A. G. Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. L. Polci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Roma, Italy
| | - C. Riebeling
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Sandström
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B. Shivachev
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S. Stateva
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S. Tanasescu
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, IPC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Tsekovska
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - H. Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, STAMI, Gydas vei 8, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - M. F. Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S. Zellmer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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72
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Geertsen V, Barruet E, Gobeaux F, Lacour JL, Taché O. Contribution to Accurate Spherical Gold Nanoparticle Size Determination by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9742-9750. [PMID: 30008211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) is the method of choice for nanoparticle diameter and concentration determination. On the one hand, it is metrologically traceable for spherical nanoparticle mean diameter determination and does not require any sample preparation or calibration. On the other hand, single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (SPICPMS) is still under development and requires involved process clarification and accuracy improvement. The strategy of this study is the comparison of the two techniques to study comprehensively SPICPMS performance and observe phenomena otherwise hidden. Six spherical gold nanoparticle suspensions distributed over a large size range (30, 50, 60, 80,100, and 150 nm) are studied as calibration points. Potential matrix effects are eliminated by stabilizing nanoparticles with chitosan in HCl. Chitosan encapsulates nanoparticles, stabilizes their dispersion, and protects them from dissolution. Detection counting/analogue threshold and timeout appear as the relevant parameters for transient signals. They show an influence not only on mean signal but also on signal distribution. The detection tuning proposed allows to linearly calibrate the nanoparticle distribution signal to cubed diameter over the entire range studied with no sensitivity diminution. Comparing the three classical transport efficiency methods, size transport efficiency is shown as the most accurate. The new procedure is validated analyzing three gold nanoparticle suspensions (135, 40, and 50 nm). The results are consistent with SAXS measurements.
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73
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Mülhopt S, Diabaté S, Dilger M, Adelhelm C, Anderlohr C, Bergfeldt T, Gómez de la Torre J, Jiang Y, Valsami-Jones E, Langevin D, Lynch I, Mahon E, Nelissen I, Piella J, Puntes V, Ray S, Schneider R, Wilkins T, Weiss C, Paur HR. Characterization of Nanoparticle Batch-To-Batch Variability. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050311. [PMID: 29738461 PMCID: PMC5977325 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A central challenge for the safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) is the inherent variability of NM properties, both as produced and as they interact with and evolve in, their surroundings. This has led to uncertainty in the literature regarding whether the biological and toxicological effects reported for NMs are related to specific NM properties themselves, or rather to the presence of impurities or physical effects such as agglomeration of particles. Thus, there is a strong need for systematic evaluation of the synthesis and processing parameters that lead to potential variability of different NM batches and the reproducible production of commonly utilized NMs. The work described here represents over three years of effort across 14 European laboratories to assess the reproducibility of nanoparticle properties produced by the same and modified synthesis routes for four of the OECD priority NMs (silica dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium dioxide and titanium dioxide) as well as amine-modified polystyrene NMs, which are frequently employed as positive controls for nanotoxicity studies. For 46 different batches of the selected NMs, all physicochemical descriptors as prioritized by the OECD have been fully characterized. The study represents the most complete assessment of NMs batch-to-batch variability performed to date and provides numerous important insights into the potential sources of variability of NMs and how these might be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mülhopt
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Dilger
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christel Adelhelm
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christopher Anderlohr
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ITTK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bergfeldt
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Johan Gómez de la Torre
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yunhong Jiang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Claverton Down, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Dominique Langevin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud 11, Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France.
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Eugene Mahon
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Department, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Jordi Piella
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sikha Ray
- Science and Technology of Nanosystems (STN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Terry Wilkins
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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74
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Accomasso L, Cristallini C, Giachino C. Risk Assessment and Risk Minimization in Nanomedicine: A Need for Predictive, Alternative, and 3Rs Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 29662451 PMCID: PMC5890110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in medicine has grown very rapidly, leading to a concern about possible health risks. Surely, the application of nanotechnology in medicine has many significant potentialities as it can improve human health in at least three different ways: by contributing to early disease diagnosis, improved treatment outcomes and containment of health care costs. However, toxicology or safety assessment is an integral part of any new medical technology and the nanotechnologies are no exception. The principle aim of nanosafety studies in this frame is to enable safer design of nanomedicines. The most urgent need is finding and validating novel approaches able to extrapolate acute in vitro results for the prediction of chronic in vivo effects and to this purpose a few European initiatives have been launched. While a "safe-by-design" process may be considered as utopic, "safer-by-design" is probably a reachable goal in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Accomasso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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