51
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Pfeffermann J, Eicher B, Boytsov D, Hannesschlaeger C, Galimzyanov TR, Glasnov TN, Pabst G, Akimov SA, Pohl P. Photoswitching of model ion channels in lipid bilayers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112320. [PMID: 34600201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins can be regulated by alterations in material properties intrinsic to the hosting lipid bilayer. Here, we investigated whether the reversible photoisomerization of bilayer-embedded diacylglycerols (OptoDArG) with two azobenzene-containing acyl chains may trigger such regulatory events. We observed an augmented open probability of the mechanosensitive model channel gramicidin A (gA) upon photoisomerizing OptoDArG's acyl chains from trans to cis: integral planar bilayer conductance brought forth by hundreds of simultaneously conducting gA dimers increased by typically >50% - in good agreement with the observed increase in single-channel lifetime. Further, (i) increments in the electrical capacitance of planar lipid bilayers and protrusion length of aspirated giant unilamellar vesicles into suction pipettes, as well as (ii) changes of small-angle X-ray scattering of multilamellar vesicles indicated that spontaneous curvature, hydrophobic thickness, and bending elasticity decreased upon switching from trans- to cis-OptoDArG. Our bilayer elasticity model for gA supports the causal relationship between changes in gA activity and bilayer material properties upon photoisomerization. Thus, we conclude that photolipids are deployable for converting bilayers of potentially diverse origins into light-gated actuators for mechanosensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
| | - Barbara Eicher
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
| | | | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Toma N Glasnov
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria.
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52
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Alketbi EH, Hamdy R, El-Kabalawy A, Juric V, Pignitter M, A Mosa K, Almehdi AM, El-Keblawy AA, Soliman SSM. Lipid-based therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:1-13. [PMID: 34546604 PMCID: PMC8013851 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have evolved to manipulate host lipid metabolism to benefit their replication cycle. Enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, use host lipids in various stages of the viral life cycle, particularly in the formation of replication compartments and envelopes. Host lipids are utilised by the virus in receptor binding, viral fusion and entry, as well as viral replication. Association of dyslipidaemia with the pathological development of Covid‐19 raises the possibility that exploitation of host lipid metabolism might have therapeutic benefit against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In this review, promising host lipid targets are discussed along with potential inhibitors. In addition, specific host lipids are involved in the inflammatory responses due to viral infection, so lipid supplementation represents another potential strategy to counteract the severity of viral infection. Furthermore, switching the lipid metabolism through a ketogenic diet is another potential way of limiting the effects of viral infection. Taken together, restricting the access of host lipids to the virus, either by using lipid inhibitors or supplementation with exogenous lipids, might significantly limit SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Humaid Alketbi
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Viktorija Juric
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kareem A Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Almehdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali A El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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53
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Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Jansen JWA, van de Lest CHA, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicles Protect Gram-Negative Bacteria against Host Defense Peptides. mSphere 2021; 6:e0052321. [PMID: 34232080 PMCID: PMC8386409 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00523-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune system and constitute a first line of defense against invading pathogens. They possess antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. However, pathogens have been known to adapt to hostile environments. Therefore, the bacterial response to treatment with HDPs was investigated. Previous observations suggested that sublethal concentrations of HDPs increase the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Escherichia coli. First, the effects of sublethal treatment with HDPs CATH-2, PMAP-36, and LL-37 on OMV release of several Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed. Treatment with PMAP-36 and CATH-2 induced release of OMVs, but treatment with LL-37 did not. The OMVs were further characterized with respect to morphological properties. The HDP-induced OMVs often had disc-like shapes. The beneficial effect of bacterial OMV release was studied by determining the susceptibility of E. coli toward HDPs in the presence of OMVs. The minimal bactericidal concentration was increased in the presence of OMVs. It is concluded that OMV release is a means of bacteria to dispose of HDP-affected membrane. Furthermore, OMVs act as a decoy for HDPs and thereby protect the bacterium. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a pressing problem and estimated to be a leading cause of mortality by 2050. Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), and HDP-derived antimicrobials have potent antimicrobial activity and high potential as alternatives to antibiotics due to low resistance development. Some resistance mechanisms have developed in bacteria, and complete understanding of bacterial defense against HDPs will aid their use in the clinic. This study provides insight into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as potential defense mechanisms against HDPs, which will allow anticipation of unforeseen resistance to HDPs in clinical use and possibly prevention of bacterial resistance by the means of OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W. A. Jansen
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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54
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Lin CY, Chen WL, Chen TZ, Lee SH, Liang HJ, Chou CCK, Tang CH, Cheng TJ. Lipid changes in extrapulmonary organs and serum of rats after chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147018. [PMID: 34088028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is able to pass through the respiratory barrier to enter the circulatory system and can consequently spread to the whole body to cause toxicity. Although our previous studies have revealed significantly altered levels of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in the lungs of rats after chronic inhalation exposure to PM2.5, the effects of PM2.5 on phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in the extrapulmonary organs have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the lipid effects of chronic PM2.5 exposure on various organs and serum by using a rat inhalation model followed by a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed at the whole body level to nonfiltered and nonconcentrated ambient air from the outside environment of Taipei city for 8 months, while the control rats inhaled filtered air simultaneously. After exposure, serum samples and various organs, including the testis, pancreas, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and epididymis, were collected for lipid extraction and analysis to examine the changes in phosphorylcholine-containing lipids after exposure. The results from the partial least squares discriminant analysis models demonstrated that the lipid profiles in the PM2.5 exposure group were different from those in the control group in the rat testis, pancreas, heart, liver, kidney and serum. The greatest PM2.5-induced lipid effects were observed in the testes. Decreased lyso-phosphatidylcholines (PCs) as well as increased unsaturated diacyl-PCs and sphingomyelins in the testes may be related to maintaining the membrane integrity of spermatozoa, antioxidation, and cell signaling. Additionally, our results showed that decreased PC(16:0/18:1) was observed in both the serum and testes. In conclusion, exposure to chronic environmental concentrations of PM2.5 caused lipid perturbation, especially in the testes of rats. This study highlighted the susceptibility of the testes and suggested possible molecular events for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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55
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Bahja J, Dymond MK. Does membrane curvature elastic energy play a role in mediating oxidative stress in lipid membranes? Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:191-202. [PMID: 34000382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oxidative stress on cells are associated with a wide range of pathologies. Oxidative stress is predominantly initiated by the action of reactive oxygen species and/or lipoxygenases on polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids. The downstream products are oxidised phospholipids, bioactive aldehydes and a range of Schiff base by-products between aldehydes and lipids, or other biomacromolecules. In this review we assess the impact of oxidative stress on lipid membranes, focusing on the changes that occur to the curvature preference (lipid spontaneous curvature) and elastic properties of membranes, since these biophysical properties modulate phospholipid homeostasis. Studies show that the lipid products of oxidative stress reduce stored curvature elastic energy in membranes. Based upon this observation, we hypothesize that the effects of oxidative stress on lipid membranes will be reduced by compounds that increase stored curvature elastic energy. We find a strong correlation appears across literature studies that we have reviewed, such that many compounds like vitamin E, Curcumin, Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin A show behaviour consistent with this hypothesis. Finally, we consider whether age-related changes in lipid composition represent the homeostatic response of cells to compensate for the accumulation of in vivo lipid oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bahja
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK.
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56
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Recent developments in membrane curvature sensing and induction by proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129971. [PMID: 34333084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane-bound intracellular organelles have characteristic shapes attributed to different local membrane curvatures, and these attributes are conserved across species. Over the past decade, it has been confirmed that specific proteins control the large curvatures of the membrane, whereas many others due to their specific structural features can sense the curvatures and bind to the specific geometrical cues. Elucidating the interplay between sensing and induction is indispensable to understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes such as vesicular trafficking and budding. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of major classes of membrane proteins and the mechanisms of curvature sensing and induction. We then discuss the importance of membrane elastic characteristics to induce the membrane shapes similar to intracellular organelles. Finally, we survey recently available assays developed for studying the curvature sensing and induction by many proteins. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Recent theoretical/computational modeling along with experimental studies have uncovered fascinating connections between lipid membrane and protein interactions. However, the phenomena of protein localization and synchronization to generate spatiotemporal dynamics in membrane morphology are yet to be fully understood. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The understanding of protein-membrane interactions is essential to shed light on various biological processes. This further enables the technological applications of many natural proteins/peptides in therapeutic treatments. The studies of membrane dynamic shapes help to understand the fundamental functions of membranes, while the medicinal roles of various macromolecules (such as proteins, peptides, etc.) are being increasingly investigated.
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57
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Kaltenegger M, Kremser J, Frewein MPK, Ziherl P, Bonthuis DJ, Pabst G. Intrinsic lipid curvatures of mammalian plasma membrane outer leaflet lipids and ceramides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183709. [PMID: 34332987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a global X-ray data analysis method to determine the intrinsic curvatures of lipids hosted in inverted hexagonal phases. In particular, we combined compositional modelling with molecular shape-based arguments to account for non-linear mixing effects of guest-in-host lipids on intrinsic curvature. The technique was verified by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and applied to sphingomyelin and a series of phosphatidylcholines and ceramides with differing composition of the hydrocarbon chains. We report positive lipid curvatures for sphingomyelin and all phosphatidylcholines with disaturated and monounsaturated hydrocarbons. Phosphatidylcholines with diunsaturated hydrocarbons in turn yielded intrinsic lipid curvatures with negative values. All ceramides, with chain lengths varying between C2:0 and C24:0, displayed significant negative lipid curvature values. Moreover, we report non-additive mixing for C2:0 ceramide and sphingomyelin. This suggests for sphingolipids that in addition to lipid headgroup and hydrocarbon chain volumes also lipid-specific interactions are important contributors to membrane curvature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaltenegger
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Kremser
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz P K Frewein
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institut Laue-Langevin, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Primož Ziherl
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Douwe J Bonthuis
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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58
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Dymond MK. Lipid monolayer spontaneous curvatures: A collection of published values. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 239:105117. [PMID: 34265278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid monolayer spontaneous curvatures (or lipid intrinsic curvatures) are one of several material properties of lipids that enable the stored curvature elastic energy in a lipid aggregate to be determined. Stored curvature elastic energy is important since it can modulate the function of membrane proteins and plays a role in the regulatory pathways of phospholipid homeostasis. Due to the large number of different lipid molecules that might theoretically exist in nature, very few lipid spontaneous curvatures have been determined. Herein the values of lipid spontaneous curvatures that exist in the literature are collected, alongside key experimental details. Where possible, trends in the data are discussed and finally, obvious gaps in the knowledge are signposted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, BN2 4GL, United Kingdom.
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59
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Wang M, Yi X. Bulging and budding of lipid droplets from symmetric and asymmetric membranes: competition between membrane elastic energy and interfacial energy. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5319-5328. [PMID: 33881134 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are ubiquitous intracellular organelles regulating the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids, and play key roles in cellular metabolism and other functions such as protein trafficking and coordinating with immune responses. Though lipid droplets are widely observed in eukaryotic organisms, it remains unclear how and what aspects of mechanical interaction between the neutral lipids and lipid membranes contribute to the bulging and budding of nascent lipid droplets from the endoplasmic reticulum, and particularly effects of membrane asymmetry and spontaneous curvature on lipid droplet formation are not theoretically rationalized. Here we conduct a comprehensive theoretical study on the mechanical behaviors of lipid droplets embedded in between two lipid monolayers of the same or different mechanical properties, and indicate that the membrane bending rigidity, tension and spontaneous curvature, lipid droplet size, and interfacial energy between the neutral lipids and covering lipid leaflets collectively play key roles in regulating the growth and budding transition of lipid droplets. It is found that the embedded neutral lipids beyond a critical volume could undergo a discontinuous shape transition from a lens-like configuration to a budding state with a spherical bulge configuration. Moreover, a positive lipid monolayer spontaneous curvature and smaller monolayer bending rigidity and tension facilitate the budding transition. Budding phase diagrams accounting for these characteristic interaction states are established. Based on the membrane theory at small deformation before budding and the assumption of spherical configuration after budding, we obtain analytical solutions on the bulge profiles, which can be used to estimate the value of interfacial energy. Our results uncover the fundamental mechanics of the lipid droplet formation and budding, and are of broad interest to the studies of echogenic liposome stability and cellular incorporation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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60
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Guo X, Steinkühler J, Marin M, Li X, Lu W, Dimova R, Melikyan GB. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Blocks Fusion of Diverse Enveloped Viruses by Altering Mechanical Properties of Cell Membranes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8155-8170. [PMID: 33656312 PMCID: PMC8159881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) potently inhibits entry of diverse enveloped viruses by trapping the viral fusion at a hemifusion stage, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that recombinant IFITM3 reconstituted into lipid vesicles induces negative membrane curvature and that this effect maps to its small amphipathic helix (AH). We demonstrate that AH (i) partitions into lipid-disordered domains where IAV fusion occurs, (ii) induces negative membrane curvature, and (iii) increases lipid order and membrane stiffness. These effects on membrane properties correlate with the fusion-inhibitory activity, as targeting the ectopically expressed AH peptide to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the cell plasma membrane diminishes IAV-cell surface fusion induced by exposure to acidic pH. Our results thus imply that IFITM3 inhibits the transition from hemifusion to full fusion by imposing an unfavorable membrane curvature and increasing the order and stiffness of the cytoplasmic leaflet of endosomal membranes. Our findings reveal a universal mechanism by which cells block entry of diverse enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jan Steinkühler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Corresponding author: Gregory B. Melikyan,
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61
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Sapp KC, Beaven AH, Sodt AJ. Spatial extent of a single lipid's influence on bilayer mechanics. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042413. [PMID: 34005918 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To what spatial extent does a single lipid affect the mechanical properties of the membrane that surrounds it? The lipid composition of a membrane determines its mechanical properties. The shapes available to the membrane depend on its compositional material properties, and therefore, the lipid environment. Because each individual lipid species' chemistry is different, it is important to know its range of influence on membrane mechanical properties. This is defined herein as the lipid's mechanical extent. Here, a lipid's mechanical extent is determined by quantifying lipid redistribution and the average curvature that lipid species experience on fluctuating membrane surfaces. A surprising finding is that, unlike unsaturated lipids, saturated lipids have a complicated, nonlocal effect on the surrounding surface, with the interaction strength maximal at a finite length-scale. The methodology provides the means to substantially enrich curvature-energy models of membrane structures, quantifying what was previously only conjecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Sapp
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20847, USA
| | - Andrew H Beaven
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20847, USA.,National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20847, USA
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62
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Beaven AH, Arnarez C, Lyman E, Bennett WFD, Sodt AJ. Curvature Energetics Determined by Alchemical Simulation on Four Topologically Distinct Lipid Phases. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1815-1824. [PMID: 33570958 PMCID: PMC9069320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative curvature energetics of two lipids are tested using thermodynamic integration (TI) on four topologically distinct lipid phases. Simulations use TI to switch between choline headgroup lipids (POPC; that prefers to be flat) and ethanolamine headgroup lipids (POPE; that prefer, for example, the inner monolayer of vesicles). The thermodynamical moving of the lipids between planar, inverse hexagonal (HII), cubic (QII; Pn3m space group), and vesicle topologies reveals differences in material parameters that were previously challenging to access. The methodology allows for predictions of two important lipid material properties: the difference in POPC/POPE monolayer intrinsic curvature (ΔJ0) and the difference in POPC/POPE monolayer Gaussian curvature modulus (Δκ̅m), both of which are connected to the energetics of topological variation. Analysis of the TI data indicates that, consistent with previous experiment and simulation, the J0 of POPE is more negative than POPC (ΔJ0 = -0.018 ± 0.001 Å-1). The theoretical framework extracts significant differences in κ̅m of which POPE is less negative than POPC by 2.0 to 4.0 kcal/mol. The range of these values is determined by considering subsets of the simulations, and disagreement between these subsets suggests separate mechanical parameters at very high curvature. Finally, the fit of the TI data to the model indicates that the position of the pivotal plane of curvature is not constant across topologies at high curvature. Overall, the results offer insights into lipid material properties, the limits of a single HC model, and how to test them using simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Beaven
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.,Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clément Arnarez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - W F Drew Bennett
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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63
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Wang X, Du H, Wang Z, Mu W, Han X. Versatile Phospholipid Assemblies for Functional Synthetic Cells and Artificial Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002635. [PMID: 32830387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up construction of a synthetic cell from nonliving building blocks capable of mimicking cellular properties and behaviors helps to understand the particular biophysical properties and working mechanisms of a cell. A synthetic cell built in this way possesses defined chemical composition and structure. Since phospholipids are native biomembrane components, their assemblies are widely used to mimic cellular structures. Here, recent developments in the formation of versatile phospholipid assemblies are described, together with the applications of these assemblies for functional membranes (protein reconstituted giant unilamellar vesicles), spherical and nonspherical protoorganelles, and functional synthetic cells, as well as the high-order hierarchical structures of artificial tissues. Their biomedical applications are also briefly summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field of synthetic cells and artificial tissues based on phospholipid assemblies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Marine Antifouling Engineering Technology Center of Shangdong Province, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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64
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Golani G, Leikina E, Melikov K, Whitlock JM, Gamage DG, Luoma-Overstreet G, Millay DP, Kozlov MM, Chernomordik LV. Myomerger promotes fusion pore by elastic coupling between proximal membrane leaflets and hemifusion diaphragm. Nat Commun 2021; 12:495. [PMID: 33479215 PMCID: PMC7820291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myomerger is a muscle-specific membrane protein involved in formation of multinucleated muscle cells by mediating the transition from the early hemifusion stage to complete fusion. Here, we considered the physical mechanism of the Myomerger action based on the hypothesis that Myomerger shifts the spontaneous curvature of the outer membrane leaflets to more positive values. We predicted, theoretically, that Myomerger generates the outer leaflet elastic stresses, which propagate into the hemifusion diaphragm and accelerate the fusion pore formation. We showed that Myomerger ectodomain indeed generates positive spontaneous curvature of lipid monolayers. We substantiated the mechanism by experiments on myoblast fusion and influenza hemagglutinin-mediated cell fusion. In both processes, the effects of Myomerger ectodomain were strikingly similar to those of lysophosphatidylcholine known to generate a positive spontaneous curvature of lipid monolayers. The control of post-hemifusion stages by shifting the spontaneous curvature of proximal membrane monolayers may be utilized in diverse fusion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonen Golani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kamran Melikov
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gracia Luoma-Overstreet
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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65
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Strutt R, Hindley JW, Gregg J, Booth PJ, Harling JD, Law RV, Friddin MS, Ces O. Activating mechanosensitive channels embedded in droplet interface bilayers using membrane asymmetry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2138-2145. [PMID: 34163978 PMCID: PMC8179348 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet microcompartments linked by lipid bilayers show great promise in the construction of synthetic minimal tissues. Central to controlling the flow of information in these systems are membrane proteins, which can gate in response to specific stimuli in order to control the molecular flux between membrane separated compartments. This has been demonstrated with droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) using several different membrane proteins combined with electrical, mechanical, and/or chemical activators. Here we report the activation of the bacterial mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) in a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine:dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol DIB by controlling membrane asymmetry. We show using electrical measurements that the incorporation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into one of the bilayer leaflets triggers MscL gating in a concentration-dependent manner, with partial and full activation observed at 10 and 15 mol% LPC respectively. Our findings could inspire the design of new minimal tissues where flux pathways are dynamically defined by lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Strutt
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James W Hindley
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Jordan Gregg
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Paula J Booth
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London SE1 1DB London UK
| | - John D Harling
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Mark S Friddin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London Imperial College Road SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Shepherd's Bush London W12 0BZ UK
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66
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Oliveira DT, Chaves-Filho AB, Yoshinaga MY, Paiva NCN, Carneiro CM, Miyamoto S, Festuccia WT, Guerra-Sá R. Liver lipidome signature and metabolic pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-sugar diet. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108519. [PMID: 33017610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary sugar is an important determinant of the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of sugar intake on NAFLD under energy-balanced conditions are still poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the liver lipidome and mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD induced by the chronic consumption of high-sugar diet (HSD). Newly weaned male Wistar rats were fed either a standard chow diet or an isocaloric HSD for 18 weeks. Livers were harvested for histological, oxidative stress, gene expression, and lipidomic analyses. Intake of HSD increased oxidative stress and induced severe liver injury, microvesicular steatosis, and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. Using untargeted lipidomics, we identified and quantified 362 lipid species in the liver. Rats fed with HSD displayed increased hepatic levels of triacylglycerol enriched in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, lipids related to mitochondrial function/structure (phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and ubiquinone), and acylcarnitine (an intermediate lipid of fatty acid beta-oxidation). HSD-fed animals also presented increased levels of some species of membrane lipids and a decreased content of phospholipids containing omega-6 fatty acids. These changes in the lipidome were associated with the downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver. In conclusion, our data suggest that the chronic intake of a HSD, even under isocaloric conditions, induces lipid overload, and inefficient/impaired fatty acid oxidation in the liver. Such events lead to marked disturbance in hepatic lipid metabolism and the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane T Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Laboratório de Lipídeos Modificados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Nívia Carolina N Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Cláudia M Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Laboratório de Lipídeos Modificados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - William T Festuccia
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
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67
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Zhang J, Lan Y, Sanyal S. Membrane heist: Coronavirus host membrane remodeling during replication. Biochimie 2020; 179:229-236. [PMID: 33115667 PMCID: PMC7585727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), a respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2, has affected more than 42 million people already, with more than one million deaths worldwide (as of October 25, 2020). We are in urgent need of therapeutic interventions that target the host-virus interface, which requires a molecular understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle. Like other positive-sense RNA viruses, coronaviruses remodel intracellular membranes to form specialized viral replication compartments, including double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), where viral RNA genome replication takes place. Here we review the current knowledge of the structure, lipid composition, function, and biogenesis of coronavirus-induced DMVs, highlighting the druggable viral and cellular factors that are involved in the formation and function of DMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Zhang
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yun Lan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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68
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Jakubec M, Maple-Grødem J, Akbari S, Nesse S, Halskau Ø, Mork-Jansson AE. Plasma-derived exosome-like vesicles are enriched in lyso-phospholipids and pass the blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232442. [PMID: 32956358 PMCID: PMC7505448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles involved in intercellular communication. Their membrane structure and core content is largely dependent on the cell of origin. Exosomes have been investigated both for their biological roles and their possible use as disease biomarkers and drug carriers. These potential technological applications require the rigorous characterization of exosomal blood brain barrier permeability and a description of their lipid bilayer composition. To achieve these goals, we have established a 3D static blood brain barrier system based on existing systems for liposomes and a complementary LC-MS/MS and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance methodology for the analysis of purified human plasma-derived exosome-like vesicles. Results show that the isolated vesicles pass the blood brain barrier and are taken up in endothelial cells. The compositional analysis revealed that the isolated vesicles are enriched in lyso phospholipids and do not contain phosphatidylserine. These findings deviate significantly from the composition of exosomes originating from cell culture, and may reflect active removal by macrophages that respond to exposed phosphahtidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakubec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Saleha Akbari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Susanne Nesse
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astrid Elisabeth Mork-Jansson
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- * E-mail:
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69
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DiPasquale M, Gbadamosi O, Nguyen MHL, Castillo SR, Rickeard BW, Kelley EG, Nagao M, Marquardt D. A Mechanical Mechanism for Vitamin E Acetate in E-cigarette/Vaping-Associated Lung Injury. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2432-2440. [PMID: 32842741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of electronic-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) has made thousands ill. This lung injury has been attributed to a physical interaction between toxicants from the vaping solution and the pulmonary surfactant. In particular, studies have implicated vitamin E acetate as a potential instigator of EVALI. Pulmonary surfactant is vital to proper respiration through the mechanical processes of adsorption and interface stability to achieve and maintain low surface tension at the air-liquid interface. Using neutron spin echo spectroscopy, we investigate the impact of vitamin E acetate on the mechanical properties of two lipid-only pulmonary surfactant mimics: pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a more comprehensive lipid mixture. It was found that increasing vitamin E acetate concentration nonlinearly increased membrane fluidity and area compressibility to a plateau. Softer membranes would promote adsorption to the air-liquid interface during inspiration as well as collapse from the interface during expiration. These findings indicate the potential for the failure of the pulmonary surfactant upon expiration, attributed to monolayer collapse. This collapse could contribute to the observed EVALI signs and symptoms, including shortness of breath and pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth G Kelley
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States.,Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716United States
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70
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Wang J, Li J, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. TPP-based mitocans: a potent strategy for anticancer drug design. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:858-875. [PMID: 33479681 PMCID: PMC7489259 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems that endanger human health. The number of cancer patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit abnormal metabolism (abnormal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of reactive oxygen species, anti-apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and so on), and specific targeting of these metabolic abnormalities would be a promising drug design direction. These physiological characteristics are closely related to tumorigenesis and development, which are mainly regulated by mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondria have become important anticancer drug targets, attracting much attention in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarize various mitochondrial anticancer drugs developed, especially mitocans based on triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and discuss the advantages of TPP in endowing mitochondrial targeting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Wang
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Bin Fu
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
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71
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Heterodimer and pore formation of magainin 2 and PGLa: The anchoring and tilting of peptides in lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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72
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Akimov SA, Molotkovsky RJ, Kuzmin PI, Galimzyanov TR, Batishchev OV. Continuum Models of Membrane Fusion: Evolution of the Theory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3875. [PMID: 32485905 PMCID: PMC7312925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from fertilization, through tissue growth, hormone secretion, synaptic transmission, and sometimes morbid events of carcinogenesis and viral infections, membrane fusion regulates the whole life of high organisms. Despite that, a lot of fusion processes still lack well-established models and even a list of main actors. A merger of membranes requires their topological rearrangements controlled by elastic properties of a lipid bilayer. That is why continuum models based on theories of membrane elasticity are actively applied for the construction of physical models of membrane fusion. Started from the view on the membrane as a structureless film with postulated geometry of fusion intermediates, they developed along with experimental and computational techniques to a powerful tool for prediction of the whole process with molecular accuracy. In the present review, focusing on fusion processes occurring in eukaryotic cells, we scrutinize the history of these models, their evolution and complication, as well as open questions and remaining theoretical problems. We show that modern approaches in this field allow continuum models of membrane fusion to stand shoulder to shoulder with molecular dynamics simulations, and provide the deepest understanding of this process in multiple biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (R.J.M.); (P.I.K.); (T.R.G.); (O.V.B.)
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73
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Probst AJ, Elling FJ, Castelle CJ, Zhu Q, Elvert M, Birarda G, Holman HYN, Lane KR, Ladd B, Ryan MC, Woyke T, Hinrichs KU, Banfield JF. Lipid analysis of CO 2-rich subsurface aquifers suggests an autotrophy-based deep biosphere with lysolipids enriched in CPR bacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1547-1560. [PMID: 32203118 PMCID: PMC7242380 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sediment-hosted CO2-rich aquifers deep below the Colorado Plateau (USA) contain a remarkable diversity of uncultivated microorganisms, including Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria that are putative symbionts unable to synthesize membrane lipids. The origin of organic carbon in these ecosystems is unknown and the source of CPR membrane lipids remains elusive. We collected cells from deep groundwater brought to the surface by eruptions of Crystal Geyser, sequenced the community, and analyzed the whole community lipidome over time. Characteristic stable carbon isotopic compositions of microbial lipids suggest that bacterial and archaeal CO2 fixation ongoing in the deep subsurface provides organic carbon for the complex communities that reside there. Coupled lipidomic-metagenomic analysis indicates that CPR bacteria lack complete lipid biosynthesis pathways but still possess regular lipid membranes. These lipids may therefore originate from other community members, which also adapt to high in situ pressure by increasing fatty acid unsaturation. An unusually high abundance of lysolipids attributed to CPR bacteria may represent an adaptation to membrane curvature stress induced by their small cell sizes. Our findings provide new insights into the carbon cycle in the deep subsurface and suggest the redistribution of lipids into putative symbionts within this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Probst
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Felix J Elling
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. .,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Cindy J Castelle
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Qingzeng Zhu
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcus Elvert
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying N Holman
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Lane
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bethany Ladd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Cathryn Ryan
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, MA, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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74
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Pinigin KV, Kondrashov OV, Jiménez-Munguía I, Alexandrova VV, Batishchev OV, Galimzyanov TR, Akimov SA. Elastic deformations mediate interaction of the raft boundary with membrane inclusions leading to their effective lateral sorting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4087. [PMID: 32139760 PMCID: PMC7058020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-ordered lipid domains represent a lateral inhomogeneity in cellular membranes. These domains have elastic and physicochemical properties different from those of the surrounding membrane. In particular, their thickness exceeds that of the disordered membrane. Thus, elastic deformations arise at the domain boundary in order to compensate for the thickness mismatch. In equilibrium, the deformations lead to an incomplete register of monolayer ordered domains: the elastic energy is minimal if domains in opposing monolayers lie on the top of each other, and their boundaries are laterally shifted by about 3 nm. This configuration introduces a region, composed of one ordered and one disordered monolayers, with an intermediate bilayer thickness. Besides, a jump in a local monolayer curvature takes place in this intermediate region, concentrating here most of the elastic stress. This region can participate in a lateral sorting of membrane inclusions by offering them an optimal bilayer thickness and local curvature conditions. In the present study, we consider the sorting of deformable lipid inclusions, undeformable peripheral and deeply incorporated peptide inclusions, and undeformable transmembrane inclusions of different molecular geometry. With rare exceptions, all types of inclusions have an affinity to the ordered domain boundary as compared to the bulk phases. The optimal lateral distribution of inclusions allows relaxing the elastic stress at the boundary of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Pinigin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Oleg V Kondrashov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4 Leninskiy prospect, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | | | - Oleg V Batishchev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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75
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Wang JY, Li JQ, Xiao YM, Fu B, Qin ZH. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-Based Antioxidants: A New Perspective on Antioxidant Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:404-410. [PMID: 32020724 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Considering the limitation of conventional antioxidants and that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce oxidative damage, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants which can selectively block mitochondrial oxidative damage and prevent various types of cell death have been widely developed. As a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) has been commonly used in designing mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Conjugated with the TPP moiety, antioxidants can achieve more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration depending on cell membrane potentials and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Herein we discuss the deficiencies of conventional antioxidants and the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, and review various types of TPP-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. These provide theoretical and background support for the design of new anti-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Y Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Jiaqi Q Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yumei M Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhaohai H Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
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76
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Galimzyanov TR, Bashkirov PV, Blank PS, Zimmerberg J, Batishchev OV, Akimov SA. Monolayerwise application of linear elasticity theory well describes strongly deformed lipid membranes and the effect of solvent. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1179-1189. [PMID: 31934707 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The theory of elasticity of lipid membranes is used widely to describe processes of cell membrane remodeling. Classically, the functional of a membrane's elastic energy is derived under assumption of small deformations; the membrane is considered as an infinitely thin film. This functional is quadratic on membrane surface curvature, with half of the splay modulus as its proportionality coefficient; it is generally applicable for small deformations only. Any validity of this functional for the regime of strong deformations should be verified experimentally. Recently, research using molecular dynamics simulations challenged the validity of this classic, linear model, i.e. the constancy of the splay modulus for strongly bent membranes. Here we demonstrate that the quadratic energy functional still can be applied for calculation of the elastic energy of strongly deformed membranes without introducing higher order terms with additional elastic moduli, but only if applied separately for each lipid monolayer. For cylindrical membranes, both classic and monolayerwise models yield equally accurate results. For cylindrical deformations we experimentally show that the elastic energy of lipid monolayers is additive: a low molecular weight solvent leads to an approximately twofold decrease in the membrane bending stiffness. Accumulation of solvent molecules in the inner monolayer of a membrane cylinder can explain these results, as the solvent partially prevents lipid molecules from splaying there. Thus, the linear theory of elasticity can be expanded through the range from weak to strong deformations-its simplicity and physical transparency describe various membrane phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur R Galimzyanov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
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77
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Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Budin I. Aging membranes: Unexplored functions for lipids in the lifespan of the central nervous system. Exp Gerontol 2019; 131:110817. [PMID: 31862420 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipids constitute a significant group of biological metabolites and the building blocks of all cell membranes. The abundance and stoichiometries of different lipid species are known to vary across the lifespan and metabolic state, yet the functional effects of these changes have been challenging to understand. Here we review the potentially powerful intersection of lipid metabolism, which determines membrane composition, and aging. We first introduce several key lipid classes that are associated with aging and aging-related disease, where they are found in organisms, and how they act on membrane structure and function. Instead of neutral lipids, which have primary roles in energy storage and homeostasis, we review known functions for polar lipids that control the physicochemical properties of cell membranes. We then focus on aging processes in the central nervous system (CNS), which is enriched in lipids and is highly dependent on membrane structure for function. Recent studies show how lipids act not just as biomarkers of aging and associated changes in the CNS, but as direct mediators of these processes. As a model system, we explore how fatty acid composition in the retina impact aging and aging-related disease. We propose that the biophysical effects of membrane structure on fundamental eukaryotic processes - mitochondrial respiration and autophagy - provide avenues by which lipid dysregulation can accelerate aging processes. Finally, we lay out ways in which an increased understanding of lipid membrane biology can be applied to studies of aging and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, School do Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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78
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The conical shape of DIM lipids promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25649-25658. [PMID: 31757855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910368116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthiocerol dimycocerosate (DIM) is a major virulence factor of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). While this lipid promotes the entry of Mtb into macrophages, which occurs via phagocytosis, its molecular mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we combined biophysical, cell biology, and modeling approaches to reveal the molecular mechanism of DIM action on macrophage membranes leading to the first step of Mtb infection. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry showed that DIM molecules are transferred from the Mtb envelope to macrophage membranes during infection. Multiscale molecular modeling and 31P-NMR experiments revealed that DIM adopts a conical shape in membranes and aggregates in the stalks formed between 2 opposing lipid bilayers. Infection of macrophages pretreated with lipids of various shapes uncovered a general role for conical lipids in promoting phagocytosis. Taken together, these results reveal how the molecular shape of a mycobacterial lipid can modulate the biological response of macrophages.
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79
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Aloi E, Bartucci R. Solvent accessibility in interdigitated and micellar phases formed by DPPC/Lyso-PPC mixtures: D2O-ESEEM of chain labeled lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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80
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Functional Reconstitution of HlyB, a Type I Secretion ABC Transporter, in Saposin-A Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8436. [PMID: 31182729 PMCID: PMC6558041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I secretion systems (T1SS) are ubiquitous transport machineries in Gram-negative bacteria. They comprise a relatively simple assembly of three membrane-localised proteins: an inner-membrane complex composed of an ABC transporter and a membrane fusion protein, and a TolC-like outer membrane component. T1SS transport a wide variety of substrates with broad functional diversity. The ABC transporter hemolysin B (HlyB), for example, is part of the hemolysin A-T1SS in Escherichia coli. In contrast to canonical ABC transporters, an accessory domain, a C39 peptidase-like domain (CLD), is located at the N-terminus of HlyB and is essential for secretion. In this study, we have established an optimised purification protocol for HlyB and the subsequent reconstitution employing the saposin-nanoparticle system. We point out the negative influence of free detergent on the basal ATPase activity of HlyB, studied the influence of a lysolipid or lipid matrix on activity and present functional studies with the full-length substrate proHlyA in its folded and unfolded states, which both have a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity.
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81
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Funato K, Riezman H, Muñiz M. Vesicular and non-vesicular lipid export from the ER to the secretory pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158453. [PMID: 31054928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of most glycerophospholipids, neutral lipids and the initial steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis of the secretory pathway. After synthesis, these lipids are distributed within the cells to create and maintain the specific compositions of the other secretory organelles. This represents a formidable challenge, particularly while there is a simultaneous and quantitatively important flux of membrane components stemming from the vesicular traffic of proteins through the pathway, which can also vary depending on the cell type and status. To meet this challenge cells have developed an intricate system of interorganellar contacts and lipid transport proteins, functioning in non-vesicular lipid transport, which are able to ensure membrane lipid homeostasis even in the absence of membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, lipids are transported in cells by both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. In this review we will discuss the mechanism and roles of vesicular and non-vesicular transport of lipids from the ER to other organelles of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Funato
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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82
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Palviainen M, Saari H, Kärkkäinen O, Pekkinen J, Auriola S, Yliperttula M, Puhka M, Hanhineva K, Siljander PRM. Metabolic signature of extracellular vesicles depends on the cell culture conditions. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1596669. [PMID: 31007875 PMCID: PMC6461113 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1596669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest bottlenecks in extracellular vesicle (EV) research is the production of sufficient material in a consistent and effective way using in vitro cell models. Although the production of EVs in bioreactors maximizes EV yield in comparison to conventional cell cultures, the impact of their cell growth conditions on EVs has not yet been established. In this study, we grew two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and VCaP, in conventional cell culture dishes and in two-chamber bioreactors to elucidate how the growth environment affects the EV characteristics. Specifically, we wanted to investigate the growth condition-dependent differences by non-targeted metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. EVs were also characterized by their morphology, size distribution, and EV protein marker expression, and the EV yields were quantified by NTA. The use of bioreactor increased the EV yield >100 times compared to the conventional cell culture system. Regarding morphology, size distribution and surface markers, only minor differences were observed between the bioreactor-derived EVs (BR-EVs) and the EVs obtained from cells grown in conventional cell cultures (C-EVs). In contrast, metabolomic analysis revealed statistically significant differences in both polar and non-polar metabolites when the BR-EVs were compared to the C-EVs. The results show that the growth conditions markedly affected the EV metabolite profiles and that metabolomics was a sensitive tool to study molecular differences of EVs. We conclude that the cell culture conditions of EV production should be standardized and carefully detailed in publications and care should be taken when EVs from different production platforms are compared with each other for systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Palviainen
- EV-group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV-core, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Saari
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenna Pekkinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Puhka
- EV-core, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pia R.-M. Siljander
- EV-group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV-core, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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83
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Dabral D, Coorssen JR. Combined targeted Omic and Functional Assays Identify Phospholipases A₂ that Regulate Docking/Priming in Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040303. [PMID: 30986994 PMCID: PMC6523306 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental molecular mechanism underlying the membrane merger steps of regulated exocytosis is highly conserved across cell types. Although involvement of Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in regulated exocytosis has long been suggested, its function or that of its metabolites-a lyso-phospholipid and a free fatty acid-remain somewhat speculative. Here, using a combined bioinformatics and top-down discovery proteomics approach, coupled with lipidomic analyses, PLA₂ were found to be associated with release-ready cortical secretory vesicles (CV) that possess the minimal molecular machinery for docking, Ca2+ sensing and membrane fusion. Tightly coupling the molecular analyses with well-established quantitative fusion assays, we show for the first time that inhibition of a CV surface calcium independent intracellular PLA₂ and a luminal secretory PLA₂ significantly reduce docking/priming in the late steps of regulated exocytosis, indicating key regulatory roles in the critical step(s) preceding membrane merger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Dabral
- Molecular Physiology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, NSW 2560, Australia.
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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84
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Tang CH, Shi SH, Lin CY, Li HH, Wang WH. Using lipidomic methodology to characterize coral response to herbicide contamination and develop an early biomonitoring model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1275-1283. [PMID: 30340273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of omics technologies to profile an organism's systemic response to environmental changes can improve the effectiveness of biomonitoring. In cell physiology, the dynamic characteristics of membranes can be used to identify lipid profiles that detect environmental threats and assess the health problems associated with them. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated by profiling glycerophosphocholines (GPCs, a major membrane lipid class) in the coral Seriatopora caliendrum after exposure to Irgarol 1051. A quantitative biomonitoring model for this photosystem II herbicide was developed by correlating variations in coral lipid profile with herbicide exposure levels and degree of photoinhibition. After 4 days of exposure, the predominant changes correlated with photoinhibition were an increase in lyso-GPCs and saturated GPCs and a decrease in phosphatidylcholines with unsaturated C18 chains or a polyunsaturated C22 chain. A time-course experiment showed that most of these lipid changes occurred opposite to the initial response and that the persistent changes can be attributed to photosynthetic shortages and the membrane accommodation of photoinhibition-induced oxidative conditions. These changes can help predict risk factors leading to coral bleaching. In this study, the application of a lipidomic methodology to characterize the adaptation of coral to ambient contamination serves as a basis for advancing environmental monitoring and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Han Shi
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Hsu-Chou Rd., Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Li
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Hou-Wan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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85
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Lin Y, Deepak RNVK, Zheng JZ, Fan H, Zheng L. A dual substrate-accessing mechanism of a major facilitator superfamily protein facilitates lysophospholipid flipping across the cell membrane. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19919-19931. [PMID: 30373772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipid transporter (LplT) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily present in many Gram-negative bacteria. LplT catalyzes flipping of lysophospholipids (LPLs) across the bacterial inner membrane, playing an important role in bacterial membrane homeostasis. We previously reported that LplT promotes both uptake of exogenous LPLs and intramembranous LPL flipping across the bilayer. To gain mechanistic insight into this dual LPL-flipping activity, here we implemented a combination of computational approaches and LPL transport analyses to study LPL binding of and translocation by LplT. Our results suggest that LplT translocates LPLs through an elongated cavity exhibiting an extremely asymmetric polarity. We found that two D(E)N motifs form a head group-binding site, in which the carboxylate group of Asp-30 is important for LPL head group recognition. Substitutions of residues in the head group-binding site disrupted both LPL uptake and flipping activities. However, alteration of hydrophobic residues on the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains impaired LPL flipping specifically, resulting in LPLs accumulation in the membrane, but LPL uptake remained active. These results suggest a dual substrate-accessing mechanism, in which LplT recruits LPLs to its substrate-binding site via two routes, either from its extracellular entry or through a membrane-embedded groove between transmembrane helices, and then moves them toward the inner membrane leaflet. This LPL-flipping mechanism is likely conserved in many bacterial species, and our findings illustrate how LplT adjusts the major facilitator superfamily translocation pathway to perform its versatile lipid homeostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030
| | - R N V Krishna Deepak
- the Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138671 Singapore, and
| | - Jonathan Zixiang Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030
| | - Hao Fan
- the Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138671 Singapore, and .,the Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore, 117558 Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Lei Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030,
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86
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Lee SH, Hong SH, Tang CH, Ling YS, Chen KH, Liang HJ, Lin CY. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to explore the biochemical effects of naphthalene toxicity or tolerance in a mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204829. [PMID: 30273358 PMCID: PMC6166967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene causes mouse airway epithelial injury. However, repeated exposures of naphthalene result in mouse airway tolerance. Previous results showed that toxicity or tolerance was correlated with changes of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids. In this study, a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach was applied to examine the effects of naphthalene-induced injury or tolerance in the male ICR mice. The injury model was vehicle x 7 plus 300 mg/kg naphthalene while the tolerant one was 200 mg/kg daily x 7 followed by 300 mg/kg naphthalene on day 8. The lung, liver, kidney, and serum samples were collected for profiles of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). A partial least-square-discriminate analysis model showed different lung phosphorylcholine-containing lipid profiles from the injured, tolerant, and control groups. Perturbation of diacyl-PCs and plasmenylcholines may be associated with enhanced membrane flexibility and anti-oxidative mechanisms in the lungs of tolerant mice. Additionally, alterations of lyso-PCs and SMs may be responsible for pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation in the lungs of injured mice. Moreover, serum PC(16:0/18:1) has potential to reflect naphthalene-induced airway injuries. Few phosphorylcholine-containing lipid alterations were found in the mouse livers and kidneys across different treatments. This study revealed the changes in lipid profiles associated with the perturbations caused by naphthalene tolerance and toxicity; examination of lipids in serum may assist biomarker development with the potential for application in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Hong
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Han Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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87
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Lee CW, Chiang YL, Liu JT, Chen YX, Lee CH, Chen YL, Hwang IS. Emerging Roles of Air Gases in Lipid Bilayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802133. [PMID: 30168661 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that changing the physical properties of lipid bilayers may profoundly change the function of membrane proteins. Here, the effects of dissolved nitrogen and oxygen molecules on the mechanical properties and stability of lipid bilayers are investigated using differential confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. All experiments evidence the presence of dissolved air gas in lipid bilayers prepared without gas control. The lipid bilayers in degassed solutions are softer and less stable than those in ambient solutions. High concentrations of nitrogen increase the bending moduli and stability of the lipid bilayers and impede phase separation in ternary lipid bilayers. The effect of oxygen is less prominent. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that higher nitrogen affinity accounts for increased rigidity. These findings have fundamental and wide implications for phenomena related to lipid bilayers and cell membranes, including the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xian Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwang Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Long Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shouh Hwang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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88
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Kondrashov OV, Galimzyanov TR, Pavlov KV, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN, Akimov SA. Membrane Elastic Deformations Modulate Gramicidin A Transbilayer Dimerization and Lateral Clustering. Biophys J 2018; 115:478-493. [PMID: 30049405 PMCID: PMC6084527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin A (gA) is a short β-helical peptide known to form conducting channels in lipid membranes because of transbilayer dimerization. The gA conducting dimer, being shorter than the lipid bilayer thickness, deforms the membrane in its vicinity, and the bilayer elastic energy contributes to the gA dimer formation energy. Likewise, membrane incorporation of a gA monomer, which is shorter than the lipid monolayer thickness, creates a void, thereby forcing surrounding lipid molecules to tilt to fill it. The energy of membrane deformation was calculated in the framework of the continuum elasticity theory, taking into account splay, tilt, lateral stretching/compression, Gaussian splay deformations, and external membrane tension. We obtained the interaction energy profiles for two gA monomers located either in the same or in the opposite monolayers. The profiles demonstrated the long-range attraction and short-range repulsion behavior of the monomers resulting from the membrane deformation. Analysis of the profile features revealed conditions under which clusters of gA monomers would not dissipate because of diffusion. The calculated dependence of the dimer formation and decay energy barriers on the membrane elastic properties was in good agreement with the available experimental data and suggested an explanation for a hitherto contentious phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kondrashov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Pavlov
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Department of Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Research Methods, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," Moscow, Russia.
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89
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Yamamoto Y, Furukawa T, Takeda S, Kashida H, Chiba H, Hui SP. Examining the effect of regioisomerism on the physico-chemical properties of lysophosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes using fluoro probes. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:9-16. [PMID: 30080998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LysoPLs) receive steadily increasing attention in the area of lipid chemistry and biology. However, the physico-chemical properties of individual LysoPL regioisomers have not yet been investigated. Herein, we report the synthesis of fluoro analogues of lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) and examine the physico-chemical properties of the LPE regioisomers using chemically synthesized fluoro probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kashida
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, North 12, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan.
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90
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Aktepe TE, Mackenzie JM. Shaping the flavivirus replication complex: It is curvaceous! Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12884. [PMID: 29933527 PMCID: PMC7162344 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus replication is intimately involved with remodelled membrane organelles that are compartmentalised for different functions during their life cycle. Recent advances in lipid analyses and gene depletion have identified a number of host components that enable efficient virus replication in infected cells. Here, we describe the current understanding on the role and contribution of host lipids and membrane bending proteins to flavivirus replication, with a particular focus on the components that bend and shape the membrane bilayer to induce the flavivirus-induced organelles characteristic of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut E. Aktepe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jason M. Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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91
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Changes in the lipid composition of Bradyrhizobium cell envelope reveal a rapid response to water deficit involving lysophosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine in outer membrane. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Melero A, Chiaruttini N, Karashima T, Riezman I, Funato K, Barlowe C, Riezman H, Roux A. Lysophospholipids Facilitate COPII Vesicle Formation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1950-1958.e6. [PMID: 29887313 PMCID: PMC6013297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) proteins form vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to export cargo molecules to the Golgi apparatus. Among the many proteins involved in this process, Sec12 is a key regulator, functioning as the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange factor for Sar1p, the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that initiates COPII assembly. Here we show that overexpression of phospholipase B3 in the thermosensitive sec12-4 mutant partially restores growth and protein transport at non-permissive temperatures. Lipidomics analyses of these cells show a higher content of lysophosphatidylinositol (lysoPI), consistent with the lipid specificity of PLB3. Furthermore, we show that lysoPI is specifically enriched in COPII vesicles isolated from in vitro budding assays. As these results suggested that lysophospholipids could facilitate budding under conditions of defective COPII coat dynamics, we reconstituted COPII binding onto giant liposomes with purified proteins and showed that lysoPI decreases membrane rigidity and enhances COPII recruitment to liposomes. Our results support a mechanical facilitation of COPII budding by lysophospholipids. COPII mutant sec12-4 is rescued by the overexpression of an ER resident phospholipase Lipidomic analysis of COPII vesicles shows enrichment in lysophospholipids Recruitment of COPII proteins to liposomes increases in presence of lysophospholipids Lysophosphatidylinositol lowers the rigidity of membranes in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Melero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Takefumi Karashima
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Isabelle Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kouichi Funato
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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93
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Why Study Functional Amyloids? Lessons from the Repeat Domain of Pmel17. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3696-3706. [PMID: 29886018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the current challenges facing biomedical researchers is the need to develop new approaches in preventing amyloid formation that is associated with disease. While amyloid is generally considered detrimental to the cell, examples of amyloids that maintain a benign nature and serve a specific function exist. Here, we review our work on the repeat domain (RPT) of the functional amyloid Pmel17. Specifically, the RPT domain contributes in generating amyloid fibrils in melanosomes upon which melanin biosynthesis occurs. Amyloid formation of RPT was shown to be pH sensitive, aggregating only under acidic conditions associated with melanosomal pH. Furthermore, preformed fibrils rapidly dissolved at neutral pH to generate benign monomeric species. From a biological perspective, this unique reversible aggregation/disaggregation is a safeguard against an event of releasing RPT fibrils in the cytosol, resulting in rapid fibril unfolding and circumventing cytotoxicity. Understanding how melanosomes preserve a safe environment will address vital questions that remain unanswered with pathological amyloids.
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94
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A phosphatidic acid-binding protein is important for lipid homeostasis and adaptation to anaerobic biofilm conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem J 2018; 475:1885-1907. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteomics approach revealed increased abundance of the so-far uncharacterized protein PA3911 in anaerobic biofilms grown under conditions of the cystic fibrosis lung. Physiological relevance of ORF PA3911 was demonstrated, inter alia, using phenotype microarray experiments. The mutant strain showed increased susceptibility in the presence of antimicrobials (minocycline, nafcillin, oxacillin, chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol), enhanced twitching motility and significantly impaired biofilm formation. PA3911 is a soluble, cytoplasmic protein in P. aeruginosa. In protein–lipid overlay experiments, purified PA3911 bound specifically to phosphatidic acid (PA), the central hub of phospholipid metabolism. Structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis was used to explore the proposed ligand-binding cavity of PA3911. Protein variants of Leu56, Leu58, Val69 and Leu114 were shown to impair PA interaction. A comparative shotgun lipidomics approach demonstrated a multifaceted response of P. aeruginosa to anaerobic conditions at the lipid head group and fatty acid level. Lipid homeostasis in the PA3911 mutant strain was imbalanced with respect to lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol under anaerobic and/or aerobic conditions. The impact of the newly identified PA-binding protein on lipid homeostasis and the related macroscopic phenotypes of P. aeruginosa are discussed.
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95
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Strandberg E, Grau-Campistany A, Wadhwani P, Bürck J, Rabanal F, Ulrich AS. Helix Fraying and Lipid-Dependent Structure of a Short Amphipathic Membrane-Bound Peptide Revealed by Solid-State NMR. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6236-6250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Strandberg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ariadna Grau-Campistany
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Francesc Rabanal
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- KIT, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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96
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Gianfrancesco MA, Paquot N, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S. Lipid bilayer stress in obesity-linked inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:168-183. [PMID: 29462590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the characteristic lipid compositions and physicochemical properties of biological membranes is essential for their proper function. Mechanisms allowing to sense and restore membrane homeostasis have been identified in prokaryotes for a long time and more recently in eukaryotes. A membrane remodeling can result from aberrant metabolism as seen in obesity. In this review, we describe how such lipid bilayer stress can account for the modulation of membrane proteins involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-linked inflammatory and metabolic disorders. We address the case of the Toll-like receptor 4 that is implicated in the obesity-related low grade inflammation and insulin resistance. The lipid raft-mediated TLR4 activation is promoted by an enrichment of the plasma membrane with saturated lipids or cholesterol increasing the lipid phase order. We discuss of the plasma membrane Na, K-ATPase that illustrates a new concept according to which direct interactions between specific residues and particular lipids determine both stability and activity of the pump in parallel with indirect effects of the lipid bilayer. The closely related sarco(endo)-plasmic Ca-ATPase embedded in the more fluid ER membrane seems to be more sensitive to a lipid bilayer stress as demonstrated by its inactivation in cholesterol-loaded macrophages or its inhibition mediated by an increased PtdCho/PtdEtn ratio in obese mice hepatocytes. Finally, we describe the model recently proposed for the activation of the conserved IRE-1 protein through alterations in the ER membrane lipid packing and thickness. Such IRE-1 activation could occur in response to abnormal lipid synthesis and membrane remodeling as observed in hepatocytes exposed to excess nutrients. Since the IRE-1/XBP1 branch also stimulates the lipid synthesis, this pathway could create a vicious cycle "lipogenesis-ER lipid bilayer stress-lipogenesis" amplifying hepatic ER pathology and the obesity-linked systemic metabolic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Gianfrancesco
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Legrand-Poels
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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97
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Zou Y, Zhao L, Feng G, Miao Y, Wu H, Zeng M. Characterization of Key Factors of Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) Meat in the Nanoparticle-Mediated Enhancement of Non-Heme Iron Absorption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11212-11219. [PMID: 29199426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) meat (AM) has been shown to promote nonheme iron absorption via a ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticle (FeONP)-mediated mechanism. Here, formulation modifications of an egg-white-based AIN-93G diet with AM fractions resulted hemoglobin regeneration efficiencies in anemic rats following an order control (23.69 ± 3.99%) < ferrous-sulfate-replacement of ferric citrate (39.89 ± 2.97%) ≈ dehemeed-AM-protein-replacement of egg white (45.88 ± 4.76%) ≈ AM-lipid-replacement of soybean oil (43.14 ± 3.48%) ≈ chondroitin-sulfate-replacement of ∼2.5% corn starch (39.92 ± 1.88%) < l-α-phosphatidylcholine-replacement of ∼29% soybean oil (53.42 ± 2.04%), with nanosized iron enriched in proximal-small-intestinal contents by these AM fractions. The calcein-fluorescence-quenching assay in polarized Caco-2 cells revealed good iron absorption from FeONPs coated with AM peptides, l-α-phosphatidylcholine, l-α-lysophosphatidylcholine, and chondroitin sulfate, with the latter two disfavoring endocytosis thereby inducing relatively weaker iron absorption. These results suggest peptides, phospholipids, and mucopolysaccharides released during AM digestion are key factors promoting nonheme iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Guangxin Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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98
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Akimov SA, Volynsky PE, Galimzyanov TR, Kuzmin PI, Pavlov KV, Batishchev OV. Pore formation in lipid membrane I: Continuous reversible trajectory from intact bilayer through hydrophobic defect to transversal pore. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12152. [PMID: 28939906 PMCID: PMC5610326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membranes serve as effective barriers allowing cells to maintain internal composition differing from that of extracellular medium. Membrane permeation, both natural and artificial, can take place via appearance of transversal pores. The rearrangements of lipids leading to pore formation in the intact membrane are not yet understood in details. We applied continuum elasticity theory to obtain continuous trajectory of pore formation and closure, and analyzed molecular dynamics trajectories of pre-formed pore reseal. We hypothesized that a transversal pore is preceded by a hydrophobic defect: intermediate structure spanning through the membrane, the side walls of which are partially aligned by lipid tails. This prediction was confirmed by our molecular dynamics simulations. Conversion of the hydrophobic defect into the hydrophilic pore required surmounting some energy barrier. A metastable state was found for the hydrophilic pore at the radius of a few nanometers. The dependence of the energy on radius was approximately quadratic for hydrophobic defect and small hydrophilic pore, while for large radii it depended on the radius linearly. The pore energy related to its perimeter, line tension, thus depends of the pore radius. Calculated values of the line tension for large pores were in quantitative agreement with available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119049, Russia.
| | - Pavel E Volynsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Peter I Kuzmin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Pavlov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Oleg V Batishchev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky lane, 141700, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
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99
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Akimov SA, Aleksandrova VV, Galimzyanov TR, Bashkirov PV, Batishchev OV. Interaction of amphipathic peptides mediated by elastic membrane deformations. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747817030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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100
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Jo S, Cheng X, Lee J, Kim S, Park SJ, Patel DS, Beaven AH, Lee KI, Rui H, Park S, Lee HS, Roux B, MacKerell AD, Klauda JB, Qi Y, Im W. CHARMM-GUI 10 years for biomolecular modeling and simulation. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1114-1124. [PMID: 27862047 PMCID: PMC5403596 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CHARMM-GUI, http://www.charmm-gui.org, is a web-based graphical user interface that prepares complex biomolecular systems for molecular simulations. CHARMM-GUI creates input files for a number of programs including CHARMM, NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, GENESIS, LAMMPS, Desmond, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM. Since its original development in 2006, CHARMM-GUI has been widely adopted for various purposes and now contains a number of different modules designed to set up a broad range of simulations: (1) PDB Reader & Manipulator, Glycan Reader, and Ligand Reader & Modeler for reading and modifying molecules; (2) Quick MD Simulator, Membrane Builder, Nanodisc Builder, HMMM Builder, Monolayer Builder, Micelle Builder, and Hex Phase Builder for building all-atom simulation systems in various environments; (3) PACE CG Builder and Martini Maker for building coarse-grained simulation systems; (4) DEER Facilitator and MDFF/xMDFF Utilizer for experimentally guided simulations; (5) Implicit Solvent Modeler, PBEQ-Solver, and GCMC/BD Ion Simulator for implicit solvent related calculations; (6) Ligand Binder for ligand solvation and binding free energy simulations; and (7) Drude Prepper for preparation of simulations with the CHARMM Drude polarizable force field. Recently, new modules have been integrated into CHARMM-GUI, such as Glycolipid Modeler for generation of various glycolipid structures, and LPS Modeler for generation of lipopolysaccharide structures from various Gram-negative bacteria. These new features together with existing modules are expected to facilitate advanced molecular modeling and simulation thereby leading to an improved understanding of the structure and dynamics of complex biomolecular systems. Here, we briefly review these capabilities and discuss potential future directions in the CHARMM-GUI development project. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhwan Jo
- Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Xi Cheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jumin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhilon S Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew H Beaven
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kyu Il Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Huan Rui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Soohyung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Sun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Biophysics Program, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland
| | - Yifei Qi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania
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