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Woo YS, Seo HJ, McIntyre RS, Bahk WM. Obesity and Its Potential Effects on Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010080. [PMID: 26771598 PMCID: PMC4730324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence regarding clinical, neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors suggests a bidirectional link between obesity and depressive disorders. Although a few studies have investigated the link between obesity/excess body weight and the response to antidepressants in depressive disorders, the effect of weight on treatment response remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized recent data regarding the relationship between the response to antidepressants and obesity/excess body weight in clinical studies of patients with depressive disorders. Although several studies indicated an association between obesity/excess body weight and poor antidepressant responses, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions due to the variability of subject composition and methodological differences among studies. Especially, differences in sex, age and menopausal status, depressive symptom subtypes, and antidepressants administered may have caused inconsistencies in the results among studies. The relationship between obesity/excess body weight and antidepressant responses should be investigated further in high-powered studies addressing the differential effects on subject characteristics and treatment. Moreover, future research should focus on the roles of mediating factors, such as inflammatory markers and neurocognitive performance, which may alter the antidepressant treatment outcome in patients with comorbid obesity and depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
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Hoeffding LK, Duong LTT, Ingason A, Rosengren A, Sorbanski E, Witt SH, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Hansen T, Werge T, Rasmussen HB. Identification of rare high-risk copy number variants affecting the dopamine transporter gene in mental disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:276-9. [PMID: 26559242 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1095944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine transporter, also known as solute carrier 6A3 (SLC6A3), plays an important role in synaptic transmission by regulating the reuptake of dopamine in the synapses. In line with this, variations in the gene encoding this transporter have been linked to both schizophrenia and affective disorders. Recently, copy number variants (CNVs) in SLC6A3 have been identified in healthy subjects but so far, the implication of CNVs affecting this gene in psychiatric diseases has not been addressed. AIMS In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether CNVs affecting SLC6A3 represent rare high-risk variants of psychiatric disorders. METHODS We performed a systematic screening for CNVs affecting SLC6A3 in 761 healthy controls, 672 schizophrenia patients, and 194 patients with bipolar disorder in addition to 253 family members from six large pedigrees affected by mental disorders using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and subsequent verification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified two duplications and one deletion affecting SLC6A3 in the patients, while no such CNVs were identified in any of the controls. The identified CNVs were of different sizes and two affected several genes in addition to SLC6A3. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that rare high-risk CNVs affecting the gene encoding the dopamine transporter contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Hoeffding
- a Louise K. Hoeffding , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Linh T T Duong
- b Linh T.T. Duong , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Andrés Ingason
- c Andrés Ingason , deCODE Genetics , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Anders Rosengren
- d Anders Rosengren , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ester Sorbanski
- e Ester Sorbanski , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- f Stephanie H. Witt , Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry , Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- g Srdjan Djurovic , Department of Medical Genetics , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway , and NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- h Ole A. Andreassen , Department of Medical Genetics , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway , and NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Hansen
- i Thomas Hansen , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- j Thomas Werge , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark , Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik B Rasmussen
- k Henrik B. Rasmussen , Institute of Biological Psychiatry , Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen , Denmark
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Sharma H, Santra S, Dutta A. Triple reuptake inhibitors as potential next-generation antidepressants: a new hope? Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2385-406. [PMID: 26619226 PMCID: PMC4976848 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapy for depression is less than ideal with remission rates of only 25-35% and a slow onset of action with other associated side effects. The persistence of anhedonia originating from depressed dopaminergic activity is one of the most treatment-resistant symptoms of depression. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) with potency to block dopamine reuptake in addition to serotonin and norepinephrine transporters should produce higher efficacy. The current review comprehensively describes the development of TRIs and discusses the importance of evaluation of in vivo transporter occupancy of TRIs, which should correlate with efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horrick Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Soumava Santra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aloke Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens core, but not shell, increases during signaled food reward and decreases during delayed extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 123:125-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sheng ZF, Cui XY, Cui SY, Yu B, Zhang XQ, Li SJ, Cao Q, Huang YL, Xu YP, Song JZ, Ding H, Lin ZG, Yang G, Zhang YH. Involvement of adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors and AMPA receptors in antidepressant-like action of 7-O-ethylfangchinoline in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:949-56. [PMID: 26238289 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM 7-O-ethylfangchinoline (YH-200) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline derivative. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like action and underlying mechanisms of YH-200 in mice. METHODS Mice were treated with YH-200 (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, ig) or tetrandrine (30 and 60 mg/kg, ig) before conducting forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), or open field test (OFT). RESULTS YH-200 (60 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobility time in both FST and TST, and prolonged the latency to immobility in FST. YH-200 (60 mg/kg) was more potent than the natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine (60 mg/kg) in FST. Pretreatment with α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg), β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (2 mg/kg), dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg), dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) or AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (10 mg/kg) prevented the antidepressant-like action of YH-200 (60 mg/kg) in FST. In contrast, pretreatment with α2 adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1 mg/kg) augmented the antidepressant-like action of YH-200 (30 mg/kg) in FST. Chronic administration of YH-200 (30 and 60 mg/kg for 14 d) did not produce drug tolerance; instead its antidepressant-like action was strengthened. Chronic administration of YH-200 did not affect the body weight of mice compared to control mice. CONCLUSION YH-200 exerts its antidepressant-like action in mice via acting at multi-targets, including α1, α2 and β-adrenoceptors, D1/D5 and D2 /D3 receptors, as well as AMPA receptors.
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Demontis F, Falconi M, Canu D, Serra G. Memantine prevents "bipolar-like" behavior induced by chronic treatment with imipramine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 752:49-54. [PMID: 25661848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence suggests that virtually all antidepressant treatments induce a dopaminergic behavioral supersensitivity. We have suggested that this effect may play a key role not only in the antidepressant effect of these treatments, but also in their ability to induce a switch from depression to mania. In 2003-4 we found that the sensitization of dopamine receptors induced by imipramine is followed, after imipramine withdrawal, by a desensitization of these receptors associated with a depressive-like behavior assessed in the forced swimming test. The dopamine receptor sensitization can be prevented by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, but not by currently used mood stabilizers (lithium, carbamazepine, valproate). These observations led us to suggest - and later confirm - with preliminary clinical observations that memantine may have an acute antimanic and a long-lasting mood-stabilizing effect in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder patients. Here we present data showing that memantine prevents not only the dopamine receptor sensitization induced by imipramine, as observed with MK-801, but also the ensuing desensitization and the associated depressive-like behaviorq observed after antidepressant withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcella Falconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Desirèe Canu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Gino Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Italy.
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Chen J, Lin D, Zhang C, Li G, Zhang N, Ruan L, Yan Q, Li J, Yu X, Xie X, Pang C, Cao L, Pan J, Xu Y. Antidepressant-like effects of ferulic acid: involvement of serotonergic and norepinergic systems. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:129-36. [PMID: 25483788 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study analyzed the antidepressant-like potential of ferulic acid using two well-validated mouse models of despair test, tail suspension and forced swim tests. The results suggested that ferulic acid treatment at doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly reduced the immobility time in both of these two tests. These doses that affected the depressive-like behaviors did now show any effect on locomotion counts. The further neurochemical assays suggested that ferulic acid increased monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain regions that are relative to mood disorders: the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The increased tend to serotonin and norepinephrine was also found in the hypothalamus after higher dose of ferulic acid treatment. The subsequent study suggested that monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity was inhibited in the frontal cortex and hippocampus when treatment with 40 and 80 mg/kg ferulic acid; while MAO-B activity did not change significantly. The current study provides the first lines of evidence that serotonin and norepinephrine, but not dopamine levels were elevated in mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex after ferulic acid treatment. These changes may be attributable to the inhibition of MAO-A activities in the same brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangsu University Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, 214200, China,
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Li Y, Zhu ZR, Ou BC, Wang YQ, Tan ZB, Deng CM, Gao YY, Tang M, So JH, Mu YL, Zhang LQ. Dopamine D2/D3 but not dopamine D1 receptors are involved in the rapid antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in the forced swim test. Behav Brain Res 2015; 279:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mansur RB, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS. Is there a "metabolic-mood syndrome"? A review of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:89-104. [PMID: 25579847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders are highly prevalent and co-morbid. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the public health relevance of this association, insofar as both conditions and its co-occurrence are associated with a staggering illness-associated burden. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity and mood disorders are intrinsically linked and share a series of clinical, neurobiological, genetic and environmental factors. The relationship of these conditions has been described as convergent and bidirectional; and some authors have attempted to describe a specific subtype of mood disorders characterized by a higher incidence of obesity and metabolic problems. However, the nature of this association remains poorly understood. There are significant inconsistencies in the studies evaluating metabolic and mood disorders; and, as a result, several questions persist about the validity and the generalizability of the findings. An important limitation in this area of research is the noteworthy phenotypic and pathophysiological heterogeneity of metabolic and mood disorders. Although clinically useful, categorical classifications in both conditions have limited heuristic value and its use hinders a more comprehensive understanding of the association between metabolic and mood disorders. A recent trend in psychiatry is to move toward a domain specific approach, wherein psychopathology constructs are agnostic to DSM-defined diagnostic categories and, instead, there is an effort to categorize domains based on pathogenic substrates, as proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC). Moreover, the substrates subserving psychopathology seems to be unspecific and extend into other medical illnesses that share in common brain consequences, which includes metabolic disorders. Overall, accumulating evidence indicates that there is a consistent association of multiple abnormalities in neuropsychological constructs, as well as correspondent brain abnormalities, with broad-based metabolic dysfunction, suggesting, therefore, that the existence of a "metabolic-mood syndrome" is possible. Nonetheless, empirical evidence is necessary to support and develop this concept. Future research should focus on dimensional constructs and employ integrative, multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ishola IO, Agbaje EO, Akinleye MO, Ibeh CO, Adeyemi OO. Antidepressant-like effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) in mice: involvement of monoaminergic system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:364-372. [PMID: 25448506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is used in traditional African medicine in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression. Previous studies have shown its potent antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test (FST). Hence, this study sought to investigate the involvement of monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect elicited by hydroethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (HeAC) in the FST. MATERIALS AND METHODS HeAC (25-400mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1h before the FST. To investigate the contribution of monoaminergic systems to antidepressant-like effect, receptors antagonists were injected 15min before oral administration of HeAC (200mg/kg) to mice and 1h thereafter, subjected to FST. RESULTS HeAC (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose dependent and significant (P<0.001) antidepressant-like effect, in the FST, without accompanying changes in spontaneous locomotor activities in the open-field test. The anti-immobility effect of HeAC (200mg/kg) in the FST was prevented by pretreatment of mice with SCH 23390 (0.05mg/kg, s.c., a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist), sulpiride (50mg/kg, i.p., a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist), prazosin (1mg/kg, i.p., an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), yohimbine (1mg/kg, i.p., an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), and GR 127993 (5-HT1B receptor antagonist). Similarly, 3 days intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, 150mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis) prevented the antidepressant-like effect elicited by HeAC. The combination of subeffective doses of imipramine (5mg/kg, p.o.) or fluoxetine (5mg/kg, p.o.), with HeAC (25mg/kg, p.o., subeffective dose) produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the FST. CONCLUSION The hydroethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia possesses antidepressant-like effect mediated through interaction with dopamine (D1 and D2), noradrenergic (α1 and α2 adrenoceptors), and serotonergic (5HT1B receptors) systems. Also, the potentiation of the anti-immobility effect of conventional antidepressants (fluoxetine and imipramine) by Alchornea cordifolia suggest potential therapeutic effect in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Agbaje
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Moshood O Akinleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chris O Ibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
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Citó MCO, Silva MIG, Santos LKX, Fernandes ML, Melo FHC, Aguiar JAC, Lopes IS, Sousa PB, Vasconcelos SMM, Macêdo DS, Sousa FCF. Antidepressant-like effect of Hoodia gordonii in a forced swimming test in mice: evidence for involvement of the monoaminergic system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:57-64. [PMID: 25493384 PMCID: PMC4288494 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hoodia gordonii is a plant species used traditionally in southern Africa to suppress appetite. Recently, it has been associated with a significant increase in blood pressure and pulse rate in women, suggesting sympathomimetic activity. The present study investigated the possible antidepressant-like effects of acute and repeated (15 days) administration of H. gordonii extract (25 and 50 mg/kg, po) to mice exposed to a forced swimming test (FST). Neurochemical analysis of brain monoamines was also carried out to determine the involvement of the monoaminergic system on these effects. Acute administration of H. gordonii decreased the immobility of mice in the FST without accompanying changes in general activity in the open-field test during acute treatment, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. The anti-immobility effect of H. gordonii was prevented by pretreatment of mice with PCPA [an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis], NAN-190 (a 5-HT1A antagonist), ritanserin (a 5-HT2A/2C antagonist), ondansetron (a 5-HT3A antagonist), prazosin (an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist), yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), and sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist). A significant increase in 5-HT levels in the striatum was detected after acute administration, while 5-HT, norepinephrine and dopamine were significantly elevated after chronic treatment. Results indicated that H. gordonii possesses antidepressant-like activity in the FST by altering the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C O Citó
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M I G Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L K X Santos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M L Fernandes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F H C Melo
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J A C Aguiar
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I S Lopes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P B Sousa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S M M Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D S Macêdo
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F C F Sousa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Effect of GDNF on depressive-like behavior, spatial learning and key genes of the brain dopamine system in genetically predisposed to behavioral disorders mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nusslock R, Young CB, Damme KSF. Elevated reward-related neural activation as a unique biological marker of bipolar disorder: assessment and treatment implications. Behav Res Ther 2014. [PMID: 25241675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.011.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that risk for bipolar disorder is characterized by elevated activation in a fronto-striatal reward neural circuit involving the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, among other regions. It is proposed that individuals with abnormally elevated reward-related neural activation are at risk for experiencing an excessive increase in approach-related motivation during life events involving rewards or goal striving and attainment. In the extreme, this increase in motivation is reflected in hypomanic/manic symptoms. By contrast, unipolar depression (without a history of hypomania/mania) is characterized by decreased reward responsivity and decreased reward-related neural activation. Collectively, this suggests that risk for bipolar disorder and unipolar depression are characterized by distinct and opposite profiles of reward processing and reward-related neural activation. The objective of the present paper is threefold. First, we review the literature on reward processing and reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder, and in particular risk for hypomania/mania. Second, we propose that reward-related neural activation reflects a biological marker of differential risk for bipolar disorder versus unipolar depression that may help facilitate psychiatric assessment and differential diagnosis. We also discuss, however, the challenges to using neuroscience techniques and biological markers in a clinical setting for assessment and diagnostic purposes. Lastly, we address the pharmacological and psychosocial treatment implications of research on reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Nusslock R, Young CB, Damme KSF. Elevated reward-related neural activation as a unique biological marker of bipolar disorder: assessment and treatment implications. Behav Res Ther 2014; 62:74-87. [PMID: 25241675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that risk for bipolar disorder is characterized by elevated activation in a fronto-striatal reward neural circuit involving the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, among other regions. It is proposed that individuals with abnormally elevated reward-related neural activation are at risk for experiencing an excessive increase in approach-related motivation during life events involving rewards or goal striving and attainment. In the extreme, this increase in motivation is reflected in hypomanic/manic symptoms. By contrast, unipolar depression (without a history of hypomania/mania) is characterized by decreased reward responsivity and decreased reward-related neural activation. Collectively, this suggests that risk for bipolar disorder and unipolar depression are characterized by distinct and opposite profiles of reward processing and reward-related neural activation. The objective of the present paper is threefold. First, we review the literature on reward processing and reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder, and in particular risk for hypomania/mania. Second, we propose that reward-related neural activation reflects a biological marker of differential risk for bipolar disorder versus unipolar depression that may help facilitate psychiatric assessment and differential diagnosis. We also discuss, however, the challenges to using neuroscience techniques and biological markers in a clinical setting for assessment and diagnostic purposes. Lastly, we address the pharmacological and psychosocial treatment implications of research on reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Popova NK, Kulikov AV, Kondaurova EM, Tsybko AS, Kulikova EA, Krasnov IB, Shenkman BS, Bazhenova EY, Sinyakova NA, Naumenko VS. Risk Neurogenes for Long-Term Spaceflight: Dopamine and Serotonin Brain System. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1443-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu S, Zha C, Nacro K, Hu M, Cui W, Yang YL, Bhatt U, Sambandam A, Isherwood M, Yet L, Herr MT, Ebeltoft S, Hassler C, Fleming L, Pechulis AD, Payen-Fornicola A, Holman N, Milanowski D, Cotterill I, Mozhaev V, Khmelnitsky Y, Guzzo PR, Sargent BJ, Molino BF, Olson R, King D, Lelas S, Li YW, Johnson K, Molski T, Orie A, Ng A, Haskell R, Clarke W, Bertekap R, O’Connell J, Lodge N, Sinz M, Adams S, Zaczek R, Macor JE. Design and synthesis of 4-heteroaryl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as triple reuptake inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:760-5. [PMID: 25050161 DOI: 10.1021/ml500053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-bicyclic heteroaryl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) was discovered. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) will be discussed. Compound 10i (AMR-2), a very potent inhibitor of SERT, NET, and DAT, showed efficacy in the rat forced-swim and mouse tail suspension models with minimum effective doses of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg (po), respectively. At efficacious doses in these assays, 10i exhibited substantial occupancy levels at the three transporters in both rat and mouse brain. The study of the metabolism of 10i revealed the formation of a significant active metabolite, compound 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Congxiang Zha
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Min Hu
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Wenge Cui
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Yuh-Lin Yang
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Ulhas Bhatt
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Aruna Sambandam
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | | | - Larry Yet
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Michael T. Herr
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Sarah Ebeltoft
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Carla Hassler
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Linda Fleming
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | | | | | - Nicholas Holman
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | | | - Ian Cotterill
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Vadim Mozhaev
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Yuri Khmelnitsky
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Peter R. Guzzo
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Bruce J. Sargent
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Bruce F. Molino
- AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Richard Olson
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Dalton King
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Snjezana Lelas
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Kim Johnson
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Thaddeus Molski
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Anitra Orie
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Alicia Ng
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Roy Haskell
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Wendy Clarke
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Robert Bertekap
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Jonathan O’Connell
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Nicholas Lodge
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Michael Sinz
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Stephen Adams
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - John E. Macor
- Bristol Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
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Pearson-Fuhrhop KM, Dunn EC, Mortero S, Devan WJ, Falcone GJ, Lee P, Holmes AJ, Hollinshead MO, Roffman JL, Smoller JW, Rosand J, Cramer SC. Dopamine genetic risk score predicts depressive symptoms in healthy adults and adults with depression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93772. [PMID: 24834916 PMCID: PMC4023941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common source of human disability for which etiologic insights remain limited. Although abnormalities of monoamine neurotransmission, including dopamine, are theorized to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, evidence linking dopamine-related genes to depression has been mixed. The current study sought to address this knowledge-gap by examining whether the combined effect of dopamine polymorphisms was associated with depressive symptomatology in both healthy individuals and individuals with depression. METHODS Data were drawn from three independent samples: (1) a discovery sample of healthy adult participants (n = 273); (2) a replication sample of adults with depression (n = 1,267); and (3) a replication sample of healthy adult participants (n = 382). A genetic risk score was created by combining functional polymorphisms from five genes involved in synaptic dopamine availability (COMT and DAT) and dopamine receptor binding (DRD1, DRD2, DRD3). RESULTS In the discovery sample, the genetic risk score was associated with depressive symptomatology (β = -0.80, p = 0.003), with lower dopamine genetic risk scores (indicating lower dopaminergic neurotransmission) predicting higher levels of depression. This result was replicated with a similar genetic risk score based on imputed genetic data from adults with depression (β = -0.51, p = 0.04). Results were of similar magnitude and in the expected direction in a cohort of healthy adult participants (β = -0.86, p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Sequence variation in multiple genes regulating dopamine neurotransmission may influence depressive symptoms, in a manner that appears to be additive. Further studies are required to confirm the role of genetic variation in dopamine metabolism and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Mortero
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Devan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Phil Lee
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marisa O. Hollinshead
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Cramer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Takamura N, Nakagawa S, Masuda T, Boku S, Kato A, Song N, An Y, Kitaichi Y, Inoue T, Koyama T, Kusumi I. The effect of dopamine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:116-24. [PMID: 24374069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative studies indicated that adult hippocampal neurogenesis might be involved in the action mechanism of antidepressant drugs and/or the pathophysiology of depression. Dopamine (DA) is involved in the regulation of motivation, volition, interest/pleasure, and attention/concentration, all of which are likely to be impaired in depressed patients. Several previous reports suggest that depression may often be accompanied by a relative hypo-dopaminergic state, and some DA receptor agonists are beneficial effects in the treatment for refractory and bipolar depression. In the present study, to clarify the direct effect of DA on neural progenitor cells, we examined the effect of DA on the proliferation of adult rat dentate gyrus-derived neural precursor cells (ADPs). In addition, we examined the effect of DA receptor agonists on adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Results showed that DA promoted the increase of ADPs via D1-like receptor and D1-like receptor agonist promoted the survival of newborn cells in the adult hippocampus. On the contrary, D2-like receptor agonist did not affect both proliferation and survival. These results suggested that DA might play, at least in part, a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis via D1-like receptor and the activation of D1-like receptor has a therapeutic potential for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yan An
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitaichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Koyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Camardese G, Di Giuda D, Di Nicola M, Cocciolillo F, Giordano A, Janiri L, Guglielmo R. Imaging studies on dopamine transporter and depression: a review of literature and suggestions for future research. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 51:7-18. [PMID: 24433847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We review the conflicting results from imaging studies of dopamine transporter availability in depressed patients and also discuss the heterogeneity of the variables involved. Major depression includes diverse clinical manifestations and in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the identification of homogeneous phenotypes and different clinical subtypes of depression, e.g. anhedonic depression, retarded depression, etc. In addition, the use of different radioligands and imaging techniques, diverse rating scales, together with the lack of control of clinical variables (clinical course, recent or past use of substances of abuse, etc.) make it difficult to clearly identify neuronal regions or networks with consistently abnormal structures or functions in major depressive disorder. It is probably necessary to build a shared approach between clinicians and researchers in order to identify standardized procedures to better understand the role of the dopamine transporter in depression. We outline a list of major issues and also suggest some standardized procedures in collecting clinical and imaging data on major depressed patients. Our aim is to delineate a possible "modus operandi" that would be a proposal for neuroreceptor studies on major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Camardese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - D Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - F Cocciolillo
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - L Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - R Guglielmo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Multifunctional aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:64-78. [PMID: 24044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is a major cholesterol-derived neurosteroid in the central nervous system and is synthesized from progesterone by steroidogenic enzymes, 5α-reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The pathophysiological role of allopregnanolone in neuropsychiatric disorders has been highlighted in several investigations. The changes in neuroactive steroid levels are detected in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, panic and depression. The changes in allopregnanolone in response to acute stressor tend to restore the homeostasis by dampening the hyper-activated HPA axis. However, long standing stressors leading to development of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety are associated with decrease in the allopregnanolone levels. GABAA receptor complex has been considered as the primary target of allopregnanolone and majority of its inhibitory actions are mediated through GABA potentiation or direct activation of GABA currents. The role of progesterone receptors in producing the late actions of allopregnanolone particularly in lordosis facilitation has also been described. Moreover, recent studies have also described the involvement of other multiple targets including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate, dopamine, opioids, oxytocin, and calcium channels. The present review discusses the various aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, depression and panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India
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Sharma H, Santra S, Debnath J, Antonio T, Reith M, Dutta A. Flexible and biomimetic analogs of triple uptake inhibitor 4-((((3S,6S)-6-benzhydryltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)methyl)phenol: Synthesis, biological characterization, and development of a pharmacophore model. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:311-24. [PMID: 24315194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have generated a pharmacophore model of triple uptake inhibitor compounds based on novel asymmetric pyran derivatives and the newly developed asymmetric furan derivatives. The model revealed features important for inhibitors to exhibit a balanced activity against dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET). In particular, a 'folded' conformation was found common to the active pyran compounds in the training set and was crucial to triple uptake inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the distances between the benzhydryl moiety and the N-benzyl group as well as the orientation of the secondary nitrogen were also important for TUI activity. We have validated our findings by synthesizing and testing novel asymmetric pyran analogs. The present work has also resulted in the discovery of a new series of asymmetric tetrahydrofuran derivatives as novel TUIs. Lead compounds 41 and 42 exhibited moderate TUI activity. Interestingly, the highest TUI activity by lead tetrahydrofuran compounds for example, 41 and 42, was exhibited in a stereochemical preference similar to pyran TUI for example, D-161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horrick Sharma
- Wayne State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rm# 3128, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Soumava Santra
- Wayne State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rm# 3128, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Joy Debnath
- Wayne State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rm# 3128, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Tamara Antonio
- New York University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Maarten Reith
- New York University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States; New York University, Department of Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Aloke Dutta
- Wayne State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rm# 3128, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
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Gudayol-Ferré E, Guàrdia-Olmos J, Peró-Cebollero M, Herrera-Guzmán I, Camarena B, Cortés-Penagos C, Herrera-Abarca JE, Martínez-Medina P. Prediction of the time-course pattern of remission in depression by using clinical, neuropsychological, and genetic variables. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:1082-90. [PMID: 23787408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of remission in pharmacologically-treated MDD patients has been scarcely studied. The goal of our work is to study the possible effect of clinical variables, neuropsychological performance, and the 5HTTLPR, the rs25531 of the SLC6A4 gene, and the val108/58Met of the COMT gene polymorphisms on the prediction of the speed of remission in MDD patients. METHODS Seventy-two depressed patients were genotyped according to the aforementioned polymorphisms and were clinically and neuropsychologically assessed before a 12-week fluoxetine treatment. RESULTS From this original sample 51 patients were considered as remitters at the end of week 12. Thirteen out of those showed a rapid response pattern, 24 showed an oscillating response pattern, and 14 showed a slow response pattern. The following variable combination is capable of showing a statistically significant relationship with the pattern of remission of patients with MDD: initial Hamilton score, age at first depressive episode, AG and GG alleles of the val108/58Met COMT polymorphism, Stroop PC, and SWM Strategy. LIMITATIONS We have a slightly small sample size, which came to prominence during the data analysis since we were working with 3 subgroups. In this study, the placebo effect has not been controlled. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that the patients with MDD who remit after a 12-week treatment with fluoxetine show one of the following time-course patterns: a rapid symptomatic improvement, or a slow or oscillating pattern of remission. A combination of clinical, neuropsychological, and genetic variables allows us to predict these response patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
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Fabbri C, Di Girolamo G, Serretti A. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs: an update after almost 20 years of research. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:487-520. [PMID: 23852853 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an emergent cause of personal and socio-economic burden, both for the high prevalence of the disorder and the unsatisfying response rate of the available antidepressant treatments. No reliable predictor of treatment efficacy and tolerance in the single patient is available, thus drug choice is based on a trial and error principle with poor clinical efficiency. Among modulators of treatment outcome, genetic polymorphisms are thought to explain a significant share of the inter-individual variability. The present review collected the main pharmacogenetic findings primarily about antidepressant response and secondly about antidepressant induced side effects, and discussed the main strengths and limits of both candidate and genome-wide association studies and the most promising methodological opportunities and challenges of the field. Despite clinical applications of antidepressant pharmacogenetics are not available yet, previous findings suggest that genotyping may be applied in the clinical practice. In order to reach this objective, further rigorous pharmacogenetic studies (adequate sample size, study of better defined clinical subtypes of MDD, adequate covering of the genetic variability), their combination with the results obtained through complementary methodologies (e.g., pathway analysis, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics), and finally cost-effectiveness trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Huys QJ, Pizzagalli DA, Bogdan R, Dayan P. Mapping anhedonia onto reinforcement learning: a behavioural meta-analysis. BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS 2013; 3:12. [PMID: 23782813 PMCID: PMC3701611 DOI: 10.1186/2045-5380-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Depression is characterised partly by blunted reactions to reward. However, tasks probing this deficiency have not distinguished insensitivity to reward from insensitivity to the prediction errors for reward that determine learning and are putatively reported by the phasic activity of dopamine neurons. We attempted to disentangle these factors with respect to anhedonia in the context of stress, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and a dopaminergic challenge. Methods Six behavioural datasets involving 392 experimental sessions were subjected to a model-based, Bayesian meta-analysis. Participants across all six studies performed a probabilistic reward task that used an asymmetric reinforcement schedule to assess reward learning. Healthy controls were tested under baseline conditions, stress or after receiving the dopamine D2 agonist pramipexole. In addition, participants with current or past MDD or BPD were evaluated. Reinforcement learning models isolated the contributions of variation in reward sensitivity and learning rate. Results MDD and anhedonia reduced reward sensitivity more than they affected the learning rate, while a low dose of the dopamine D2 agonist pramipexole showed the opposite pattern. Stress led to a pattern consistent with a mixed effect on reward sensitivity and learning rate. Conclusion Reward-related learning reflected at least two partially separable contributions. The first related to phasic prediction error signalling, and was preferentially modulated by a low dose of the dopamine agonist pramipexole. The second related directly to reward sensitivity, and was preferentially reduced in MDD and anhedonia. Stress altered both components. Collectively, these findings highlight the contribution of model-based reinforcement learning meta-analysis for dissecting anhedonic behavior.
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75
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Comparison of psychological symptoms and serum levels of neurotransmitters in Shanghai adolescents with and without internet addiction disorder: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63089. [PMID: 23658801 PMCID: PMC3643902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is now recognized internationally and is known to be linked with academic and social impairment. To date, we know little about its associated main biological factors. This study aimed to collect a carefully defined group of adolescents with IAD and an age- and gender-matched typically developing comparison group. We hypothesized that the young people with IAD would have higher rates of self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, have altered levels of peripheral blood dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. In addition, we hypothesized the hours spent online are correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety among these young people with IAD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING A cross-sectional study of 20 adolescents who met Beard's criteria for IAD and 15 typically developing adolescents (comparison group) was conducted. All the participants completed the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Peripheral blood dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine were assayed. The mean level of norepinephrine was lower in the IAD group than that in the typically developing participants, while dopamine and serotonin levels did not differ. The SDS, SAS and SCARED symptom scores were increased in the adolescents with IAD. A logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher SAS score and lower level of norepinephrine independently predicted IAD group membership. There was no significant correlation between hours spent online and scores of SAS/SDS in IAD group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Increased self-reported anxiety and lower peripheral blood norepinephrine are independently associated with IAD.
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Kholodar AV, Amikishieva AV, Anisimov MP. Effects of Intranasal Administration of Dopamine on Anxiety and Locomotor Activity in Two Mouse Strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-013-9747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Souza LC, de Gomes MG, Goes ATR, Del Fabbro L, Filho CB, Boeira SP, Jesse CR. Evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic 5-HT(1A) receptors in the antidepressant-like effect caused by hesperidin in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:103-9. [PMID: 22996046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated a possible antidepressant-like activity of hesperidin using two predictive tests for antidepressant effect in mice: the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Results demonstrated that hesperidin (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) decreased the immobility time in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity in the open field test. The antidepressant-like effect of hesperidin (0.3 mg/kg) on the TST was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (pCPA; 100 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis) and WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneous, s.c., a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist). Pretreatment of mice with prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist), propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.p., a β-adrenoceptor antagonist), AMPT (100 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, s.c., a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist), sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist), ketanserin (1mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonist) or MDL72222 (1 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist) did not block the antidepressant-like effect of hesperidin (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) in the TST. Administration of hesperidin (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (1 mg/kg), at subeffective doses, produced an antidepressant-like effect in the TST. The antidepressant-like effect caused by hesperidin in mice in the TST was dependent on an interaction with the serotonergic 5-HT(1A) receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that hesperidin possesses antidepressant-like property and may be of interest source for therapeutic agent for the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
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Machado DG, Neis VB, Balen GO, Colla A, Cunha MP, Dalmarco JB, Pizzolatti MG, Prediger RD, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis L. in mice: evidence for the involvement of the dopaminergic system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:204-11. [PMID: 22940588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid, a constituent from Rosmarinus officinalis, is a triterpenoid compound which has been extensively known for its anticancer and antioxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid isolated from this plant in two predictive tests of antidepressant property, the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST) in mice. Furthermore, the involvement of dopaminergic system in its antidepressant-like effect was investigated in the TST. Ursolic acid reduced the immobility time in the TST (0.01 and 0.1mg/kg, p.o.) and in the FST (10mg/kg, p.o.), similar to fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.), imipramine (1mg/kg, p.o.) and bupropion (10mg/kg, p.o.). The effect of ursolic acid (0.1mg/kg, p.o.) in the TST was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with SCH23390 (0.05mg/kg, s.c., a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50mg/kg, i.p., a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist). The administration of a sub-effective dose of ursolic acid (0.001mg/kg, p.o.) in combination with sub-effective doses of SKF38393 (0.1mg/kg, s.c., a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist), apomorphine (0.5μg/kg, i.p., a preferential dopamine D(2) receptor agonist) or bupropion (1mg/kg, i.p., a dual dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) reduced the immobility time in the TST as compared with either drug alone. Ursolic acid and dopaminergic agents alone or in combination did not cause significant alterations in the locomotor and exploratory activities. These results indicate that the antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid in the TST is likely mediated by an interaction with the dopaminergic system, through the activation of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Cunha MP, Machado DG, Capra JC, Jacinto J, Bettio LE, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of creatine in mice involves dopaminergic activation. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:1489-501. [PMID: 22674968 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112447989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Creatine has been shown to play a significant role in health and disease. However, studies concerning its effect on mood are scarce. This study investigated the effect of creatine (p.o.) in the tail suspension test, a predictive test of antidepressant activity. Creatine reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test (0.1-1000 mg/kg, male and female mice), without affecting locomotor activity. Furthermore, the involvement of the dopaminergic system in creatine-induced antidepressant-like effect in male mice in the tail suspension test was investigated. The anti-immobility effect of creatine (1 mg/kg) was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist), (R)-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390; 0.05 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.) route, dopamine D₁ receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist). Creatine (0.01 mg/kg, sub-effective dose) in combination with sub-effective doses of (1-phenyl-7,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine) hydrochloride (SKF38393; 0.1 mg/kg, s.c., dopamine D₁ receptor agonist), apomorphine (0.5 µg/kg, i.p., preferential dopamine D₂ receptor agonist) or bupropion (1 mg/kg, p.o., dopamine reuptake inhibitor with subtle activity on noradrenergic reuptake) reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test as compared with either drug alone. These results indicate that the antidepressant-like effect of creatine is likely mediated by an activation of dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio P Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Santra S, Gogoi S, Gopishetty B, Antonio T, Zhen J, Reith MEA, Dutta AK. Structural exploration of (3S,6S)-6-benzhydryl-N-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine analogues: identification of potent triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors as potential antidepressants. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2093-100. [PMID: 23060293 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To further explore the basic structural motifs (3S,6S)-6-benzhydryl-N-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine and (2S,4R,5R)-2-benzhydryl-5-(benzylamino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol, developed by our research group, for monoamine transport inhibition, we designed and synthesized various structurally altered analogues. The new compounds were tested for their affinities for the dopamine transporter (DAT), the serotonin transporter (SERT), and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in rat brain by measuring their capacity to inhibit the uptake of [(3)H]DA, [(3)H]5-HT, and [(3)H]NE, respectively. Our results point to novel compounds with a TUI, DNRI, SNRI, or SSRI profile. Among the TUIs, compound 2 g exhibited a balanced potency for all three monoamine transporters (K(i): 60, 79, and 70.3 nM for DAT, SERT, and NET, respectively). In the rat forced swim test, compound 2 g produced a significant decrease in immobility in drug-treated rats relative to vehicle, indicating a potential antidepressant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumava Santra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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81
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Colla ARS, Machado DG, Bettio LEB, Colla G, Magina MDA, Brighente IMC, Rodrigues ALS. Involvement of monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) in the tail suspension test in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:720-731. [PMID: 22884868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several species of Eugenia L. are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Eugenia brasiliensis is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, whereas Eugenia. uniflora is used for the treatment of symptoms related to depression and mood disorders, and is used in Brazil by the Guarani Indians as a tonic stimulant. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antidepressant-like effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of different plant species of genus Eugenia and to characterize the participation of the monoaminergic systems in the mechanism of action of the specie that afforded the most prominent antidepressant-like efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first set of experiments, the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Eugenia beaurepaireana, Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia catharinae, Eugenia umbelliflora and Eugenia uniflora and the antidepressant fluoxetine (positive control) administered acutely by p.o. route were evaluated in the tail suspension test (TST) and locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field test in mice. In the second set of experiments, the involvement of the monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like activity of Eugenia brasiliensis was evaluated by treating mice with several pharmacological agonists and antagonists. The effects of the combined administration of sub-effective doses of Eugenia brasiliensis and the antidepressants fluoxetine, imipramine and bupropion were also evaluated. RESULTS The administration of the extracts from Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia catharinae and Eugenia umbelliflora, but not Eugenia beaurepaireana and Eugenia uniflora, exerted a significant antidepressant-like effect, without altering locomotor activity. The behavioral profile was similar to fluoxetine. Pre-treatment of mice with ketanserin, haloperidol, SCH23390, sulpiride, prazosin and yohimbine prevented the reduction of immobility time induced by Eugenia brasiliensis. Treatment with sub-effective doses of WAY100635, SKF38393, apomorphine, phenylephrine, but not clonidine, combined with a sub-effective dose of Eugenia brasiliensis decreased the immobility time in the TST. Furthermore, the combined administration of sub-effectives doses of Eugenia brasiliensis with fluoxetine, imipramine and bupropion produced an antidepressant-like effect. CONCLUSIONS This study show, for the first time, the antidepressant-like effect of species of the genus Eugenia, especially Eugenia brasiliensis, whose effects in the TST seem to be mediated by serotoninergic (5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors), noradrenergic (α(1)-adrenoceptor) and dopaminergic (dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R S Colla
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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de Sousa FCF, Oliveira ICM, Silva MIG, de Melo CTV, Santiago VR, de Castro Chaves R, Fernandes ML, Gutierrez SJC, Vasconcelos SMM, Macêdo DS, Filho JMB. Involvement of monoaminergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of riparin I fromAniba riparia(Nees) Mez (Lauraceae) in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 28:95-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Gomes Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Carla Thiciane Vasconcelos de Melo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Vívian Romero Santiago
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | | | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127 60430-270 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa-Paraíba Brazil
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Gaskill PJ, Carvallo L, Eugenin EA, Berman JW. Characterization and function of the human macrophage dopaminergic system: implications for CNS disease and drug abuse. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:203. [PMID: 22901451 PMCID: PMC3488577 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perivascular macrophages and microglia are critical to CNS function. Drugs of abuse increase extracellular dopamine in the CNS, exposing these cells to elevated levels of dopamine. In rodent macrophages and human T-cells, dopamine was shown to modulate cellular functions through activation of dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins. The expression of these proteins and the effects of dopamine on human macrophage functions had not been studied. Methods To study dopaminergic gene expression, qRT-PCR was performed on mRNA from primary human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM). Expression and localization of dopaminergic proteins was examined by immunoblotting isolated plasma membrane, total membrane and cytosolic proteins from MDM. To characterize dopamine-mediated changes in cytokine production in basal and inflammatory conditions, macrophages were treated with different concentrations of dopamine in the presence or absence of LPS and cytokine production was assayed by ELISA. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed Students’ T-tests or Wilcoxen Signed Rank tests. Results These data show that MDM express mRNA for all five subtypes of dopamine receptors, and that dopamine receptors 3 and 4 are expressed on the plasma membrane. MDM also express mRNA for the dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). DAT is expressed on the plasma membrane, VMAT2 on cellular membranes and TH and AADC are in the cytosol. Dopamine also alters macrophage cytokine production in both untreated and LPS-treated cells. Untreated macrophages show dopamine mediated increases IL-6 and CCL2. Macrophages treated with LPS show increased IL-6, CCL2, CXCL8 and IL-10 and decreased TNF-α. Conclusions Monocyte derived macrophages express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins through which dopamine may modulate macrophage functions. Thus, increased CNS dopamine levels due to drug abuse may exacerbate the development of neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and HIV associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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84
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Sani G, Serra G, Kotzalidis GD, Romano S, Tamorri SM, Manfredi G, Caloro M, Telesforo CL, Caltagirone SS, Panaccione I, Simonetti A, Demontis F, Serra G, Girardi P. The role of memantine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders other than the dementias: a review of current preclinical and clinical evidence. CNS Drugs 2012; 26:663-90. [PMID: 22784018 DOI: 10.2165/11634390-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist approved for Alzheimer's disease with a good safety profile, is increasingly being studied in a variety of non-dementia psychiatric disorders. We aimed to critically review relevant literature on the use of the drug in such disorders. We performed a PubMed search of the effects of memantine in animal models of psychiatric disorders and its effects in human studies of specific psychiatric disorders. The bulk of the data relates to the effects of memantine in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, although more recent studies have provided data on the use of the drug in bipolar disorder as an add-on. Despite interesting preclinical data, results in major depression are not encouraging. Animal studies investigating the possible usefulness of memantine in schizophrenia are controversial; however, interesting findings were obtained in open studies of schizophrenia, but negative placebo-controlled, double-blind studies cast doubt on their validity. The effects of memantine in anxiety disorders have been poorly investigated, but data indicate that the use of the drug in obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder holds promise, while findings relating to generalized anxiety disorder are rather disappointing. Results in eating disorders, catatonia, impulse control disorders (pathological gambling), substance and alcohol abuse/dependence, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are inconclusive. In most psychiatric non-Alzheimer's disease conditions, the clinical data fail to support the usefulness of memantine as monotherapy or add-on treatment However, recent preclinical and clinical findings suggest that add-on memantine may show antimanic and mood-stabilizing effects in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sani
- NeSMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, UOC Psychiatry, SantAndrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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do Amaral JF, Silva MIG, de Aquino Neto MR, Moura BA, de Carvalho AMR, Vasconcelos PF, Barbosa Filho JM, Gutierrez SJC, Vasconcelos SMM, Macêdo DS, de Sousa FCF. Antidepressant-like effect ofbis-eugenol in the mice forced swimming test: evidence for the involvement of the monoaminergic system. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:471-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Falcão do Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Gomes Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Manuel Rufino de Aquino Neto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Brinell Arcanjo Moura
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Patrícia Freire Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology; Federal University of Paraíba; Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco; CEP: 58051-900; João Pessoa - PB; Brazil
| | - Stanley Juan Chavez Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology; Federal University of Paraíba; Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco; CEP: 58051-900; João Pessoa - PB; Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127; CEP: 60431-270; Fortaleza; Brazil
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Masana M, Castañé A, Santana N, Bortolozzi A, Artigas F. Noradrenergic antidepressants increase cortical dopamine: potential use in augmentation strategies. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:675-84. [PMID: 22652058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most antidepressant treatments, based on serotonin (5-HT) and/or norepinephrine (NE) transporter blockade, show limited efficacy and slow onset of action, requiring the use of augmentation strategies. Here we report on a novel antidepressant strategy to selectively increase DA function in prefrontal cortex (PFC) without the potential tolerance problems associated to DA transporter blockade. This approach is based on previous observations indicating that extracellular DA in rat medial PFC (mPFC) - but not in nucleus accumbens (NAc) - arises from noradrenergic terminals and is sensitive to noradrenergic drugs. A low dose of reboxetine (3 mg/kg i.p.; NE reuptake inhibitor) non-significantly increased extracellular DA in mPFC. Interestingly, its combined administration with 5 mg/kg s.c. mirtazapine (non-selective α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist) increased extracellular DA in mPFC (264 ± 28%), but not in NAc. Extracellular NE (but not 5-HT) in mPFC was also enhanced by the combined treatment (472 ± 70%). Repeated (×3) reboxetine + mirtazapine administration produced a moderate additional increase in mPFC DA and markedly reduced the immobility time (-51%) in the forced-swim test. Neurochemical and behavioral effects of the reboxetine + mirtazapine combination persisted in rats pretreated with citalopram (3 mg/kg, s.c.), suggesting its potential usefulness to augment SSRI effects. In situ hybridization c-fos studies were performed to examine the brain areas involved in the above antidepressant-like effects, showing changes in c-fos expression in hippocampal and cortical areas. BDNF expression was also increased in the hippocampal formation. Overall, these results indicate a synergistic effect of the reboxetine + mirtazapine combination to increase DA and NE function in mPFC and to evoke robust antidepressant-like responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Masana
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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87
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Liu J, Qiao W, Yang Y, Ren L, Sun Y, Wang S. Antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract from Suanzaorenhehuan Formula in mice models of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:257-264. [PMID: 22366432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Suanzaorenhehuan Formula (SHF) is a Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of depression-like disorders. It contains four herbs: Semen Ziziphi spinosae, Cortex Albiziae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Semen Platycladi. The present study is to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract of SHF and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models of depression including the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) were used to evaluate the effects of SHF extract. The mechanisms were examined by measuring monoamine neurotransmitters in mice hippocampus and frontal cortex, testing monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) activities in brain of CUMS-exposed mice. RESULTS After one-week treatment, SHF extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) induced a significant decrease on immobility time in TST. After two-week treatment, SHF extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) led to a reduction in the immobility period in TST and FST. The 5-HT levels in mice hippocampus were increased only after 200mg/kg SHF extract treatment. The noradrenaline (NE) levels were increased after 200mg/kg SHF extract treatment in mice hippocampus and frontal cortex. SHF extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) significantly inhibited monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) after 21-day CUMS exposure. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that ethanolic SHF extract produced an antidepressant-like effect and the mechanism of action involves the serotonergic, noradrenergic and monoamine oxidase enzyme systems although underlying mechanism still remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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88
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Learned S, Graff O, Roychowdhury S, Moate R, Krishnan KR, Archer G, Modell JG, Alexander R, Zamuner S, Lavergne A, Evoniuk G, Ratti E. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a triple reuptake inhibitor GSK372475 in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder: two randomized, placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:653-62. [PMID: 22048884 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111424931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
GSK372475 is a triple reuptake inhibitor with approximately equipotent inhibition of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters. Two randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, double-blind studies examined the efficacy and safety of GSK372475 in outpatients (aged 18-64 years) with a diagnosis of major depressive episode associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, GSK372475 (1-2 mg/d), or active control (Study 1: venlafaxine XR 150-225 mg/d; Study 2: paroxetine 20-30 mg/d). GSK372475 did not significantly differ from placebo on any of the key efficacy endpoints (six-item Bech scale, IDS-Clinician Rated, MADRS) in either study. Both active controls demonstrated significant antidepressant activity compared with placebo on both primary and secondary endpoints. The most common adverse effects (AEs) with GSK372475 were dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and nausea. AEs were more frequent for GSK372475 versus placebo for sleep, anxiety-related, gastrointestinal, and tachycardia events. Increases in mean change from baseline in heart rate and sitting blood pressure were greater for GSK372475 than observed for either placebo or active control groups. Completion rates were lower for GSK372475 (49%, 58%) compared with placebo (67%, 74%), venlafaxine XR (63%), or paroxetine (77%). GSK372475 was neither efficacious nor well tolerated in patients with MDD in two 10-week studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Learned
- Neurosciences Discovery Medicine, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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89
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Kobayashi K, Haneda E, Higuchi M, Suhara T, Suzuki H. Chronic fluoxetine selectively upregulates dopamine D₁-like receptors in the hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1500-8. [PMID: 22278095 PMCID: PMC3327854 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus has been implicated in mechanisms of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We have recently demonstrated that the SSRI fluoxetine can reverse the state of maturation of the adult dentate granule cells and enhances serotonin 5-HT₄ receptor-mediated synaptic potentiation at the synapses formed by their mossy fiber axons. Here, we show that fluoxetine can induce long-lasting enhancement of dopaminergic modulation at the mossy fiber synapse. Synaptic responses arising from the mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse were recorded using acute mouse hippocampal slices. Dopamine potentiates mossy fiber synaptic transmission by activating D₁-like receptors. Chronic fluoxetine treatment induced a prominent increase in the magnitude of dopamine-induced synaptic potentiation, and this effect was maintained at least up to 1 month after withdrawal of fluoxetine. Quantitative autoradiography revealed that binding of the D₁-like receptor ligand [³H]SCH23390 was selectively increased in the dentate gyrus and along the mossy fiber in fluoxetine-treated mice. However, binding of the 5-HT₄ receptor ligand [³H]GR113808 was not significantly changed. These results suggest that chronic fluoxetine enhanced the dopaminergic modulation at least in part by upregulating expression of D₁-like receptors, while the enhanced serotonergic modulation may be mediated by modifications of downstream signaling pathways. These enhanced monoaminergic modulations would greatly increase excitatory drive to the hippocampal circuit through the dentate gyrus. The highly localized upregulation of D₁-like receptors further supports the importance of the dentate gyrus in the mechanism of action of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eisuke Haneda
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Saitama, Japan
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90
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Gerzson MFB, Victoria FN, Radatz CS, de Gomes MG, Boeira SP, Jacob RG, Alves D, Jesse CR, Savegnago L. In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antidepressant-like effect of α-(phenylselanyl) acetophenone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:21-9. [PMID: 22484161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant and antidepressant-like effects of α-(phenylselanyl) acetophenone (PSAP), an organoselenium compound, were investigated. To assess the in vitro antioxidant properties, PSAP was evaluated in four test systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and inhibition of lipid peroxidation). PSAP (100-500 μM) showed potent antioxidant activity and protected against lipid peroxidation. Additionally, we investigated whether PSAP, when administered in mice (100, 200 and 400mg/kg, per oral, p.o.), could cause acute toxicity. Our results demonstrated that PSAP did not cause the death of any animal, significantly reduce body weight or cause any oxidative tissue stress following treatment. This study also evaluated the effect of PSAP (0.1-10 mg/kg, p.o) on mice in a forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), assays that are predictive of depressant activity and motor activity in the open-field. PSAP (5-10 mg/kg) significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and TST without affecting motor activity. In addition, the antidepressant-like effect caused by PSAP (5m/kg, p.o) in mice during the TST was dependent on an interaction with the serotonergic system (5-HT(1A) receptors), but not with the noradrenergic, dopaminergic or adenosinergic system. Together, these results suggest that PSAP possesses antioxidant and antidepressant-like properties and may be of interest as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Freire Barbieri Gerzson
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, CDTec, Unidade Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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91
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Yang Q, Ulysse LG, McLaws MD, Keefe DK, Haney BP, Zha C, Guzzo PR, Liu S. Initial Process Development and Scale-Up of the Synthesis of a Triple Reuptake Inhibitor ALB 109780. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Luckner G. Ulysse
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Mark D. McLaws
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Daniel K. Keefe
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Brian P. Haney
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Congxiang Zha
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Peter R. Guzzo
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Development Department, AMRI, 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
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92
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Fedotova J. Effects of stimulation and blockade of d(2) receptor on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized female rats. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 2012:305645. [PMID: 22530139 PMCID: PMC3317004 DOI: 10.5402/2012/305645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the hedonic effects of D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole and D2 receptor antagonist, and sulpiride alone or in combination with a low dose of 17β-E2-estradiol (17β-E2) in the adult ovariectomized female rats (OVX). OVX rats of Wistar strain were used in all experiments. Two weeks after surgery rats were chronically treated with vehicle, a low dose of 17β-E2 (5.0 μg/rat), quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg), sulpiride (10.0 mg/kg), quinpirole plus 17β-E2, or sulpiride plus 17β-E2 for 14 days before the forced swimming test. We found that sulpiride significantly decreased immobility time in the OVX females. A combination of sulpiride with a low dose of 17β-E2 induced more profound decrease of immobility time in the OVX rats compared to the rats treated with sulpiride alone. On the contrary, quinpirole failed to modify depression-like behavior in the OVX rats. In addition, quinpirole significantly blocked the antidepressant-like effect of 17β-E2 in OVX rats. Thus, the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride alone or in combination with a low dose of 17β-E2 exerted antidepressant-like effect in OVX female rats, while the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole produced depressant-like profile on OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science, 6 Emb. Makarova, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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93
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Müller LG, Salles LA, Stein AC, Betti AH, Sakamoto S, Cassel E, Vargas RF, von Poser GL, Rates SMK. Antidepressant-like effect of Valeriana glechomifolia Meyer (Valerianaceae) in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 36:101-9. [PMID: 21889562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant-like effect of a supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Valeriana glechomifolia extract enriched in valepotriates was investigated in a mice tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). The SCCO2 extract decreased mice immobility in the FST (0.5-20 mg/kg p.o.) and elicited a biphasic dose-response relationship in the TST (1-20 mg/kg p.o.) with no alterations in locomotor activity and motor coordination (assessed in the open-field and rota-rod tests, respectively). The anti-immobility effect of the SCCO2 extract (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was prevented by mice pre-treatment with yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α2 adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH 23390 (15 μg/kg, s.c., D1 dopamine receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., D2 dopamine receptor antagonist). However, mice pre-treatments with prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p., α1 adrenoceptor antagonist) and p-chlorophenilalanine methyl ester (4×100 mg/kg/day, i.p., a serotonin synthesis inhibitor) were not able to block the anti-immobility effect of the SCCO2 extract. Administration (p.o.) of the SCCO2 extract (0.25 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg), desipramine (5 mg/kg) and bupropion (3 mg/kg) at sub-effective doses significantly reduced mice immobility time in the FST. These data provide the first evidence of the antidepressant-like activity of V. glechomifolia valepotriates, which is due to an interaction with dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz G Müller
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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94
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Koukopoulos A, Serra G, Koukopoulos AE, Reginaldi D, Serra G. The sustained mood-stabilizing effect of memantine in the management of treatment resistant bipolar disorders: findings from a 12-month naturalistic trial. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:163-166. [PMID: 22030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently provided preliminary clinical observations indicating that memantine, as augmenting agent, was associated with a meaningful antimanic and mood-stabilizing effect in treatment-resistant bipolar disorders. To further investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic action of the drug we administered memantine, as augmenting agent, to 40 treatment-resistant bipolar disorder patients, monitored and evaluated for 12 months. METHODS The sample population encompassed 40 treatment-resistant bipolar disorder patients monitored for 12 months. Memantine, at the dose of 10-30 mg/day, was added to the ongoing treatment, which was left unmodified. The severity of the patients' condition before memantine and the changes after memantine addition were evaluated on the Clinical Global Impression Bipolar (CGI-BP) Overall Bipolar Illness Scale. The severity of patients' condition was scored before memantine and the change was evaluated after memantine addition at 6 and 12 months. LIMITATIONS The present study has the limitations of an open clinical study and the observed effects require testing in a blinded, randomized, controlled trial which is planned. RESULTS The average CGI-BP score of the patients was 6.7 (SD=0.58, range: 5-7) before the addition of memantine. After 6 months of memantine treatment, 72.5% of patients were very much or much improved. Among the rapid cyclers 68.4% of patients reached stability, defined by the absence of recurrences. Patients very much or much improved were 72.5% at 12 months; while 12.5% discontinued memantine or were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm our previous observations and strongly suggest that memantine, as augmenting agent, was associated with a clinically substantial antimanic and sustained mood-stabilizing effect, with excellent safety and tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Serra
- Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Dipartimento NESMOS, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Gino Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Sassari, Italy.
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95
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Wong AHC, Liu F. Uncoupling the dopamine D1-D2 receptor complex: a novel target for antidepressant treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 91:298-302. [PMID: 22205193 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Depression, or major depressive disorder (MDD), is a serious mental illness that causes substantial worldwide disability. Current antidepressant medications mostly target the serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems. These drugs are ineffective in many patients, and there are limited options for treatment-resistant depression. The dopamine neurotransmitter system has recently been identified as another modulator of mood and depressive symptoms, and a recently discovered interaction between the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor may be a novel antidepressant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H C Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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96
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Bettio LEB, Machado DG, Cunha MP, Capra JC, Missau FC, Santos ARS, Pizzolatti MG, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of extract from Polygala paniculata: involvement of the monoaminergic systems. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1277-1285. [PMID: 22077163 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.621958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygala paniculata Linnaeus (Polygalaceae) has shown neuroprotective effects, but there is no report about its antidepressant potential. OBJECTIVE The antidepressant-like effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from P. paniculata and some of the possible mechanisms involved in this effect were investigated in forced swimming test (FST). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received extract by oral route and were submitted to FST and open-field test. Animals were forced to swim and the total immobility time was registered (6-min period). A reduction in the immobility time is considered an antidepressant-like effect. In order to investigate the involvement of the monoaminergic systems, mice were treated with pharmacological antagonists before administration of the extract. RESULTS The acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract from P. paniculata produced an antidepressant-like effect, since it significantly reduced the immobility time in FST (0.01-30 mg/kg) as compared to control group, without changing locomotor activity. Pretreatment of mice with yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist), propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p., β-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, s.c., dopamine D₁ receptor antagonist) or sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist) prevented the antidepressant-like effect of the extract in FST (30 mg/kg). Moreover, ketanserin (5 mg/kg, i.p., preferential 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist) enhanced the effect of the extract in FST. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the extract from P. paniculata has an antidepressant-like action that is likely mediated by an interaction with the serotonergic (5-HT2A receptors), noradrenergic (α₂ and β-receptor) and dopaminergic (D₁ and D₂ receptors) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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97
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98
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Jin ZL, Gao N, Zhou D, Chi MG, Yang XM, Xu JP. The extracts of Fructus Akebiae, a preparation containing 90% of the active ingredient hederagenin: serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:431-9. [PMID: 22005599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Akebiae is a traditional Chinese herbal extract that has been used for the treatment of depressive disorders in China. Previous studies demonstrated that Fructus Akebiae extracts (FAE) displayed a potent antidepressant-like activity in animal behavior tests and found that the specific active ingredient from the extracts of Fructus Akebiae is hederagenin. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we provide evidences that FAE enhances the signaling of central monoamines via inhibition of the reuptake of the extracellular monoamines including serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). In rat brain membrane preparations and HEK293 cells transfected with human serotonin transporter (SERT), NE transporter (NET) and DA transporter (DAT), we found that FAE displayed marked affinity to rat and cloned human monoamine transporters in ex vivo and in vitro experiments, using competitive radio ligand binding assay. In uptake assays using rat synaptosomes and transfected cells, FAE was found to significantly inhibit all three monoamine transporters in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a comparable or better potency to their corresponding specific inhibitors. In contrast, FAE (10 μM), showed no significant affinity to a variety array of receptors tested from CNS. In support of our uptake data, in vivo microdialysis studies showed that administration of FAE (12.6, 25, 50 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular concentrations of 5-HT, NE and DA in frontal cortex of freely moving rats. Taken together, our current study showed for the first time that FAE is a novel triple inhibitor of monoamine transporters, which may be one the mechanisms of its antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Liang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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99
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Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Kajander J, Markkula J, Rasi-Hakala H, Salminen JK, Någren K, Aalto S, Karlsson H. Effects of antidepressant drug treatment and psychotherapy on striatal and thalamic dopamine D2/3 receptors in major depressive disorder studied with [11C]raclopride PET. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1329-36. [PMID: 20829308 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110376691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drug treatment and psychotherapy are both effective in treating major depression, but there are no published studies comparing the effects of these two treatments on the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in major depression. We conducted a randomized comparative study on the effects of fluoxetine medication and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy on striatal and thalamic dopamine D(2/3) receptors in patients with major depression. Duration of the treatment was 4 months, and dopamine D(2/3) receptor binding was quantified before and after treatment as the binding potential (BP (ND)) using [(11)C]raclopride and 3D positron emission tomography. Both treatments were clinically effective in treating major depression, as shown by substantial decreases in symptom ratings. Yet, there were no effects on D(2/3) receptor availability in the ventral striatum or other subdivisions of the striatum. Fluoxetine but not psychotherapy increased [(11)C]raclopride BP (ND) in lateral thalamus (+7.74%, p = 0.002) but this increase was not correlated with clinical improvement. In conclusion, this preliminary study does not support the involvement of ventral dopaminergic neurotransmission in the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine or psychodynamic psychotherapy. The effects of fluoxetine on thalamic dopamine systems need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Dutta AK, Gopishetty B, Gogoi S, Ali S, Zhen J, Reith M. The novel trisubstituted pyran derivative D-142 has triple monoamine reuptake inhibitory activity and exerts potent antidepressant-like activity in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 671:39-44. [PMID: 21963455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depression disorder is a significant health problem with 10-20% of all adults suffering from this disease. The underlying causes of depression are still unclear and 15% of depressed patients are resistant to all known therapies. Monoamine therapies have so far been the most successful approach for treating depression. Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors have recently been implicated in generation of potent antidepressant activity while possibly exhibiting a low side-effect profile in addition to treating anhedonia. The additional, previously under-appreciated involvement of dopaminergic systems in depression prompted our efforts to develop novel asymmetric trisubstituted and disubstituted pyran derivatives as triple reuptake inhibitors. One of the lead compounds, D-142, exhibited uptake inhibition (K(i)) values of 29.3 nM, 14.7 nM and 59.3 ± 13.7 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine transporters, respectively. Its affinity for serotonin transporter was comparable to fluoxetine, a well known SSRI. In the rat forced swimming test, compound D-142 exhibited potent antidepressant activity in the dose range tested (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) and was far more efficacious than the reference compound imipramine. In the mouse tail suspension test, compound D-142 reduced immobility in a dose (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) dependent manner, indicating a potent antidepressant effect. In locomotor activity tests, compound D-142 did not exhibit any stimulation in the same dose ranges. In the extended CNS receptors screening assay this molecule exhibited little or no non-specific interaction in the CNS, indicating high specificity for monoamine transporters. These results advance D-142 as a potential potent antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke K Dutta
- Wayne State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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