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Wu XM, Broadwin R, Basu R, Malig B, Ebisu K, Gold EB, Qi L, Derby C, Park SK, Green S. Associations between fine particulate matter and changes in lipids/lipoproteins among midlife women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1179-1186. [PMID: 30841392 PMCID: PMC6413864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) are known to increase risks of cardiovascular diseases, but it is unclear how they affect plasma lipid levels. In this study, we examined the associations between PM2.5 exposure and lipid/lipoprotein levels from 2289 midlife women enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. The average exposure to PM2.5 and gaseous co-pollutants during the prior one year, six months, 30 days, and one day were estimated for each woman based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient monitoring data. Blood samples were collected annually from 1999 to 2005 and analyzed for lipids/lipoproteins. Mixed-effect models were used to account for repeated measures for each woman, adjusted for demographic, health and behavior covariates. PM2.5 exposures, especially the long-term exposure, were negatively associated with protective lipoproteins, and positively associated with atherogenic lipoproteins. For example, each 3 μg/m3 increase of one-year PM2.5 exposure was associated with decreases of -0.7% (-1.4%, -0.1%) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterols and -0.6% (-1.1%, -0.1%) in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), as well as increases of 3.8% (1.0%, 6.6%) in lipoprotein(a) and 1.4% (0.5%, 2.3%) in the ratio of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)/ApoA1. In stratified analysis, increased atherogenic lipoproteins were mainly observed in women without dyslipidemia, and both increased atherogenic lipoproteins and reduced protective lipoproteins were observed among women in perimenopause. In summary, PM2.5 exposure was associated with adverse lipid level changes, and thus, may increase cardiovascular risks in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei May Wu
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel Broadwin
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Rupa Basu
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Brian Malig
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Shelley Green
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Olcina G, Timón R, Brazo-Sayavera J. Detraining effect on overweight/obese women after high-intensity interval training in hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:535-543. [PMID: 30615248 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promising benefits on fat mass and biochemical components may be reported after applying programs of cyclic hypoxia and HIIT. AIM To investigate the effect of a month of detraining on cardiometabolic risk markers after active hypoxia exposure. METHODS Participants included 59 overweight/obese women, who started a 12-week program of 36 sessions, and were randomly divided into four groups: (a) aerobic interval training in hypoxia (AitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 13), (b) aerobic interval training in normoxia (AitN; n = 15), (c) sprint interval training in hypoxia (SitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 15), and (d) sprint interval training in normoxia (SitN; n = 18). Body composition, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline (A), after 36 training sessions (B) and after 4 weeks of detraining (C). RESULTS Hypoxia conditions showed a significant positive effect on waist circumference (P = 0.01), WHR (P = 0.04), and percentage of trunk fat mass (P < 0.001). The percentage of trunk fat continued to decrease significantly after training cessation in both AitH and SitH groups. CONCLUSION After 4 weeks of detraining with a previous 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training under cyclic normobaric hypoxia, the percentage of fat mass located in the trunk decreases significantly and this effect was not observed in the normoxia groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Deciphering Endothelial Dysfunction in the HIV-Infected Population. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:193-215. [PMID: 30919339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as a possible consequence of endothelial dysfunction, is prevalent among HIV-infected patients despite successful administration of antiretroviral drugs. This warrants the routine clinical assessment of endothelial function in HIV-positive patients to circumvent potential CVD events. Several different non-invasive strategies have been employed to assess endothelial function in clinical research studies yielding inconsistencies among these reports. This review summarises the different techniques used for assessing endothelial function, with a focus on proposed blood-based biomarkers, such as endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), TNF-α, interleukin 6 (IL6) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). The identification of suitable blood-based biomarkers, especially those that can be measured using a point-of-care device, would be more applicable in under-resourced countries where the prevalence of HIV is high.
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Johnson JA, Tora G, Pi Z, Phillips M, Yin X, Yang R, Zhao L, Chen AY, Taylor DS, Basso M, Rose A, Behnia K, Onorato J, Chen XQ, Abell LM, Lu H, Locke G, Caporuscio C, Galella M, Adam LP, Gordon D, Wexler RR, Finlay HJ. Sulfonylated Benzothiazoles as Inhibitors of Endothelial Lipase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1263-1268. [PMID: 30613337 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) selectively metabolizes high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Inhibition of EL has been shown to increase HDL concentration in preclinical animal models and was targeted as a potential treatment of atherosclerosis. We describe the introduction of an α-sulfone moiety to a benzothiazole series of EL inhibitors resulting in increased potency versus EL. Optimization for selectivity versus hepatic lipase and pharmacokinetic properties resulted in the discovery of 24, which showed good in vitro potency and bioavailability but, unexpectedly, did not increase HDL in the mouse pharmacodynamic model at the target plasma exposure.
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Morin EE, Li XA, Schwendeman A. HDL in Endocrine Carcinomas: Biomarker, Drug Carrier, and Potential Therapeutic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:715. [PMID: 30555417 PMCID: PMC6283888 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) have long been studied for their protective role against cardiovascular diseases, however recently relationship between HDL and cancer came into focus. Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cancer risk, and some have even implied that HDL-C can be used as a predictive measure for survival prognosis in for specific sub-population of certain types of cancer. HDL itself is an endogenous nanoparticle capable of removing excess cholesterol from the periphery and returning it to the liver for excretion. One of the main receptors for HDL, scavenger receptor type B-I (SR-BI), is highly upregulated in endocrine cancers, notably due to the high demand for cholesterol by cancer cells. Thus, the potential to exploit administration of cholesterol-free reconstituted or synthetic HDL (sHDL) to deplete cholesterol in endocrine cancer cell and stunt their growth of use chemotherapeutic drug loaded sHDL to target payload delivery to cancer cell has become increasingly attractive. This review focuses on the role of HDL and HDL-C in cancer and application of sHDLs as endocrine cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Millar CL, Norris GH, Jiang C, Kry J, Vitols A, Garcia C, Park YK, Lee JY, Blesso CN. Long-Term Supplementation of Black Elderberries Promotes Hyperlipidemia, but Reduces Liver Inflammation and Improves HDL Function and Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800404. [PMID: 30267603 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE HDL particles are protective against atherosclerosis, but may become dysfunctional during inflammation and chronic disease progression. Anthocyanin-rich foods, such as the black elderberry, may improve HDL function and prevent disease development via antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigates the long-term consumption of black elderberry extract (BEE) on HDL function and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice (n = 12/group) are fed a low-fat diet, supplemented with 0, 0.25%, or 1% (by weight) BEE (≈37.5-150 mg anthocyanins per kg body weight) for 24 weeks. Feeding 1% BEE increases total serum cholesterol (+31%) and non-HDL cholesterol (+32%) compared with the control diet. PON1 arylesterase (+32%) and lactonase (+45%) activities also increase with the 1% BEE diet. Both 0.25% BEE and 1% BEE diets strongly increase HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) by 64% and 85%, respectively. Further, BEE dose-dependently lowers serum liver enzymes and hepatic inflammatory gene expression. Although there is no change in neutral lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, BEE promotes connective tissue deposition in the aortic root. CONCLUSIONS Chronic BEE supplementation in apoE-/- mice dose-dependently improves HDL function. Despite BEE promoting hyperlipidemia, which likely offsets HDL effects, BEE increases connective tissue content, suggesting improved atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Millar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Gregory H Norris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Christina Jiang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - James Kry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Addison Vitols
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06118, USA
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Woudberg NJ, Mendham AE, Katz AA, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Exercise intervention alters HDL subclass distribution and function in obese women. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:232. [PMID: 30301473 PMCID: PMC6178267 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women. METHODS Thirty-two obese black South African women were randomly assigned to exercise (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or control (no exercise) conditions for 12-weeks. Pre- and post-testing included venous blood sampling for analysis of lipid profile and HDL functionality, by measuring cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, reduction in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression (anti-inflammatory function), paraoxonase (PON) (antioxidative function) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities (anti-thrombotic function). PON-1 and PAF-AH expression were determined in serum and in isolated HDL using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system. RESULTS Exercise training resulted in a decrease in body mass index (- 1.0 ± 0.5% vs + 1.2 ± 0.6%, p = 0.010), PON activity (- 8.7 ± 2.4% vs + 1.1 ± 3.0%, p = 0.021), PAF-AH serum expression (- 22.1 ± 8.0% vs + 16.9 ± 9.8, p = 0.002), and the distribution of small HDL subclasses (- 10.1 ± 5.4% vs + 15.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) compared to controls. Exercise did not alter HDL cellular cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential for exercise training to modify HDL subclass distribution and HDL function in obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arieh A Katz
- UCT Research Unit for Receptor biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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The Acute Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Functional State of High Density Lipoprotein. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:374-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kammoun I, Ben Salah H, Ben Saad H, Cherif B, Droguet M, Magné C, Kallel C, Boudawara O, Hakim A, Gharsallah N, Ben Amara I. Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Ulva lactuca ethanolic extract in hypercholesterolemic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:313-325. [PMID: 29171301 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1401641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypercholesterolemia has significant cardiac consequences, since it is among the major risk factors of ischemic heart diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim was searching the cardioprotective effect of chemical constituents from the sea lettuce Ulva lactuca upon hypercholesterolemic regime in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into three groups: untreated group, hypercholesterolemic group, and mice receiving 1% cholesterol associated with U. lactuca ethanolic extract. RESULTS In vitro study demonstrated that algal extract has antioxidant efficacy attributable to the presence of phenolic compounds. Additionally, the alga alleviated cardiotoxicity, as shown by the improvement of haematological parameters, white cell viability, heart oxidative stress, plasma biochemical parameters and index of atherogenesis. Gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 significantly decreased in the heart of U. lactuca supplemented hypercholesterolemic animals. CONCLUSION It was established that the green alga, thanks to its bioactive compounds, effectively counteracts cardiotoxic effects of hypercholesterolemic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intissar Kammoun
- a Unit of Functional Genomics and Plant Physiology , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax , Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied on Culture Improvement of Plants, (99/UR/08-73) Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Salah
- c Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Team) , University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Saad
- d Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Cherif
- e Immunochemistry Laboratory, Commissariat (CEA)-Grenoble/Department Response and Cellular Dynamics (DRDC) , National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U548, University J. Fourier (UJF) , Grenoble , France
| | - Mickaël Droguet
- f ORPHY, Optimization of Physiological Regulation, EA4324, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM) , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany , Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Christian Magné
- g EA 2219 Géoarchitecture , University of Western Brittany, UFR Sciences & Techniques , Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Choumous Kallel
- h Hematology Laboratory , CHU Habib Bourguiba , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- i Laboratory of Anatomopathology , CHU Habib Bourguiba , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- d Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Neji Gharsallah
- b Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied on Culture Improvement of Plants, (99/UR/08-73) Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- a Unit of Functional Genomics and Plant Physiology , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax , Tunisia
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Nagao M, Nakajima H, Toh R, Hirata KI, Ishida T. Cardioprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Beyond its Anti-Atherogenic Action. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:985-993. [PMID: 30146614 PMCID: PMC6193192 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as a powerful independent negative predictor of cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effect of HDL is largely attributable to its key role in reverse cholesterol transport, whereby excess cholesterol in the peripheral tissues is transported to the liver, reducing the atherosclerotic burden. However, mounting evidence indicates that HDL also has pleiotropic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasodilatory properties, which may contribute in reducing the incidence of heart failure. Actually, previous data from clinical and experimental studies have suggested that HDL exerts cardioprotective effects irrespective of the presence/absence of coronary artery disease. This review summarizes the currently available evidence regarding beneficial effects of HDL on the heart beyond its anti-atherogenic property. Understanding the mechanisms of cardiac protection by HDL will provide new insight into the underlying mechanism and therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Mozo L, López P, Nikiphorou E, Suárez A. Anti-High-Density Lipoprotein Antibodies and Antioxidant Dysfunction in Immune-Driven Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:114. [PMID: 29740582 PMCID: PMC5925573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and antioxidant functionality of HDL, mainly attributed to a decreased paraoxonase-1 (PON1) functionality, have been described in autoimmune conditions. In this setting, a role for humoral response in cardiovascular disease is emerging. This study evaluates the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against HDL and disease-related autoantibodies on HDL dysfunction in immune-driven diseases. Methods Serum IgG anti-HDL antibodies, PON1 activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were quantified in 381 patients with different immune-driven diseases [18 mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), 35 primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 38 systemic sclerosis (SSc), 33 ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), 60 diabetes mellitus 1, 29 autoimmune B12 deficiency/pernicious anemia, 29 primary biliary cirrhosis, 46 IBD/Crohn, 54 IBD/UC, and 39 celiac disease (CD)] and 138 healthy controls. Results IgG anti-HDL antibodies were increased in MCTD, pSS, AAV, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [Crohn and ulcerative colitis (UC)], even after correcting for total IgG levels, but not in organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Anti-HDL antibodies were negatively associated with PON1 activity in MCTD (r = −0.767, p < 0.001) and AAV (r = −0.478, p = 0.005), whereas both anti-HDL and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibod levels were related to an impaired PON1 activity and TAC in IBD/UC. In SSc, anti-centromere antibodies correlated PON1 activity. anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies levels were negatively associated with PON1 activity (r = −0.257, p = 0.012) and PON1/TAC ratio (r = −0.261, p = 0.009) in IBD/Crohn. HDL dysfunction in CD was only related to anti-transglutaminase levels. Conclusion IgG anti-HDL antibodies and HDL dysfunction are common hallmarks of systemic autoimmunity. Anti-HDL and disease-related autoantibodies account for the HDL antioxidant dysfunction in immune-driven conditions, mainly in systemic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mozo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Academic Rheumatology Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Rheumatology Department, Whittington Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Müller J, Prozeller D, Ghazaryan A, Kokkinopoulou M, Mailänder V, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Beyond the protein corona - lipids matter for biological response of nanocarriers. Acta Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29524674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nanocarriers with blood plasma components influences the biological response, and therefore, it needs to be controlled. Whereas protein adsorption to nanocarriers has been investigated to a large extent, the role of lipid interaction for drug delivery and its biological effect is not yet clear. However, lipids represent an important constituent of blood plasma and are usually bound in the form of lipoproteins. Because already for many nanocarrier systems an enrichment of apolipoproteins in their protein corona was reported, we examine the interaction of lipoproteins with nanocarriers. If interaction occurs in terms of lipoprotein adsorption, two scenarios are possible: adsorption of intact lipoprotein complexes or disintegration of the complexes with adsorption of the single components. To investigate the interaction and clarify which scenario occurs, polymeric model nanoparticles and different lipoprotein types have been studied by isothermal titration calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and other methods. Our data indicate that upon contact with polymeric nanoparticles, disintegration of lipoproteins and adsorption of lipids occurs. Further, the effect of lipoprotein adsorption on cell uptake has been examined, and a major effect of the lipoproteins has been found. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is now well accepted that nanomaterials developed as diagnostic or therapeutic carrier systems need to be well characterized in terms of biological responses inside an organism. Many studies have already shown that proteins adsorb to the surface of a nanomaterial and create a new interface that define the identity of the material. However, the presence of other surface-active components of the blood plasma and how they interact with nanomaterials has been much less investigated. Thus, this study aims at providing a significant contribution to understanding the interaction mechanism between lipoproteins and nanomaterials. Since lipoproteins transport a high amount of lipids, which are surface-active molecules, the demonstrated interactions can go as far as complete lipoprotein disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Domenik Prozeller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Artur Ghazaryan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Kokkinopoulou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Duan Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Yang N, Yang W, Wang G. Factors That Influence Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Sub-Analysis of the MARCH Trial. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:743-752. [PMID: 29524187 PMCID: PMC6104271 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Metformin and Acarbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment (MARCH) trial has demonstrated a similar efficacy in HbA1c reduction between acarbose and metformin treatments in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The current sub-analysis of the MARCH trail aims to evaluate the baseline characteristics that may influence the improvement of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance after acarbose therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. METHODS Of the 784 patients who entered the MARCH trail, 391 were assigned to the acarbose therapy group; 304 of these completed 48 weeks of follow-up of acarbose therapy. At 48 weeks, on the basis of the tertiles of change in homeostasis model assessment-beta cell function (∆HOMA-β) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (∆HOMA-IR), the subjects were divided into lowly, mediumly, and highly improved groups. RESULTS In the highly improved HOMA-β group, patients had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum insulin (FINS) concentration, and HOMA-IR in comparison to the lowly improved group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between HbA1c, SBP, and highly improved ∆HOMA-β (p < 0.05), while an inverse correlation was evident between HDL-c and highly improved ∆HOMA-β (p < 0.05). The highly improved HOMA-IR group had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), FINS concentration, and HOMA-β in comparison to the lowly improved group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between FBG, waist circumference, and highly improved HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Newly diagnosed T2DM Chinese patients with lower baseline HDL-c and higher HbA1c and SBP values are more likely to achieve improvement in beta cell function whereas baseline fasting blood glucose and waist circumference were the significant factors associated with improvement in insulin resistance with acarbose therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial registry number was ChiCTR-TRC-08000231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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Protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tripodanthus acutifolius in hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 97:300-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Park KH, Yadav D, Kim SJ, Kim JR, Cho KH. Slim Body Weight Is Highly Associated With Enhanced Lipoprotein Functionality, Higher HDL-C, and Large HDL Particle Size in Young Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:406. [PMID: 30072955 PMCID: PMC6060307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no information about the correlations between body weight distribution and lipoprotein metabolism in terms of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). In this study, we analyzed the quantity and quality of HDL correlations in young women (21.5 ± 1.2-years-old) with a slim (n = 21, 46.2 ± 3.8 kg) or plump (n = 30, 54.6 ± 4.4 kg) body weight. Body weight was inversely correlated with the percentage of HDL-C in total cholesterol (TC). The plump group showed 40% higher body fat (26 ± 3 %) and 86% more visceral fat mass (VFM, 1.3 ± 0.3 kg) than the slim group, which showed 18 ± 2% body fat and 0.7 ± 0.2 kg of VFM. Additionally, the plump group showed 20% higher TC, 58% higher triglyceride (TG), and 12% lower HDL-C levels in serum. The slim group showed 34% higher apoA-I but 15% lower CETP content in serum compared to the plump group. The slim group showed a 13% increase in particle size and 1.9-fold increase in particle number with enhanced cholesterol efflux activity. Although the plump group was within a normal body mass index (BMI) range, its lipid profile and lipoprotein properties were distinctly different from those of the slim group in terms of CETP mass and activity, HDL functionality, and HDL particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyung-Hyun Cho
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Choi RY, Ham JR, Yeo J, Hur JS, Park SK, Kim MJ, Lee MK. Anti-Obesity Property of Lichen Thamnolia vermicularis Extract in 3T3-L1 Cells and Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:285-292. [PMID: 29333380 PMCID: PMC5758091 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thamnolia vermicularis (TV) is an edible lichen that is prevalent in the alpine zone of East Asia. This study evaluated the feasibility of using TV acetone extracts as a functional food based on experiments using cell line and obese mice. The cellular triglyceride levels and Oil red O staining of 3T3-L1 cells indicated that TV extracts (5 and 10 μg/mL) dose-dependently suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation compared with the control. The TV extract (0.4%, w/w) in a high-fat diet (HFD) was supplemented to C57BL/6N mice for 12 weeks, and TV extract supplement significantly reduced visceral fat mass and body weight compared with HFD feeding alone. The TV extract also induced significant decreases in serum and hepatic lipids, whereas it increased the serum high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and fecal lipids levels. Moreover, the TV extract led to significantly lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the TV extract may have anti-obesity effects, including lipid-lowering, and it is a natural resource with the potential for use in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Ju Ri Ham
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Department of Environmental Education, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Bakery & Barista, Suseong College, Daegu 42078, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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Li YY, Wang H, Wu JJ, Kim HJ, Yang XX, Geng HY, Gong G. ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis including 5644 participants. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1666-1674. [PMID: 29278292 PMCID: PMC5824379 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate the mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene G487A polymorphism may be correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but a clear consensus has yet to be reached. To elucidate the relationship between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD within the Chinese population, a meta-analysis of 5644 subjects from nine individual studies was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were assessed using random or fixed-effect models depending the heterogeneity existence or not. Our meta-analysis found a significant association between ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD in the Chinese population under allele (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.560-2.140, P = 1.36 × 10-13 ), recessive (OR: 1.920, 95% CI: 1.530-2.390, P = 1.20 × 10-8 ), dominant (OR: 1.593, 95% CI: 1.336-1.900, P = 2.22 × 10-7 ), homozygous (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.810-2.870, P = 3.17 × 10-12 ) and heterozygous genetic models (OR: 3.330, 95% CI: 2.070-5.370, P = 7.81 × 10-7 ). The positive correlation between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD makes the mutation a strong candidate as a genetic risk marker for CAD. Through further analysis, we also found that A allele carriers of ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism may be particularly susceptible to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Xin-Xing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Geng
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Perségol L, Darabi M, Dauteuille C, Lhomme M, Chantepie S, Rye KA, Therond P, Chapman MJ, Salvayre R, Nègre-Salvayre A, Lesnik P, Monier S, Kontush A. Small dense HDLs display potent vasorelaxing activity, reflecting their elevated content of sphingosine-1-phosphate. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:25-34. [PMID: 29150495 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional heterogeneity of HDL is attributed to its diverse bioactive components. We evaluated whether the vasodilatory effects of HDL differed across HDL subpopulations, reflecting their distinct molecular composition. The capacity of five major HDL subfractions to counteract the inhibitory effects of oxidized LDL on acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was tested in a rabbit aortic rings model. NO production, an essential pathway in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, was studied in simian vacuolating virus 40-transformed murine endothelial cells (SVECs). Small dense HDL3 subfractions displayed potent vasorelaxing activity (up to +31% vs. baseline, P < 0.05); in contrast, large light HDL2 did not induce aortic-ring relaxation when compared on a total protein basis. HDL3 particles were enriched with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (up to 3-fold vs. HDL2), with the highest content in HDL3b and -3c that concomitantly revealed the strongest vasorelaxing properties. NO generation was enhanced by HDL3c in SVECs (1.5-fold, P < 0.01), a phenomenon that was blocked by the S1P receptor antagonist, VPC 23019. S1P-enriched reconstituted HDL (rHDL) was a 1.8-fold (P < 0.01) more potent vasorelaxant than control rHDL in aortic rings. Small dense HDL3 particles displayed potent protective effects against oxidative stress-associated endothelium dysfunction, potentially reflecting their elevated content of S1P that might facilitate interaction with S1P receptors and ensuing NO generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Perségol
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM LNC UMR866 and Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U866-University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Carolane Dauteuille
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chantepie
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrice Therond
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - M John Chapman
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Lesnik
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Serge Monier
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM LNC UMR866 and Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U866-University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S 1166 ICAN, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
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Saito I, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Yatsuya H, Iso H, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration with different types of stroke and coronary heart disease: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:147-154. [PMID: 28888808 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration is an established risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), information regarding subtypes of stroke is very limited, especially in Asian populations. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among 30,736 individuals aged 40-69 years, who lived in nine communities in Japan and did not have a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CHD and stroke, including its subtypes, were assessed, and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes were estimated according to quintiles of HDL cholesterol using Cox proportional models adjusted for other CVD risk factors. RESULTS We identified 296 CHD and 1712 stroke events over a median 15 yr of follow-up. HDL cholesterol concentration showed an inverse association with CHD in men and women. A low HDL cholesterol concentration slightly raised the risk for total strokes in men, but not in women. When analyzed by subtypes, we observed an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol concentration and the incidence of lacunar infarction, with an adjusted HR for the lowest quintile of HDL cholesterol concentration compared with the highest quintile of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.00-2.66) in men and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.19-3.26) in women. HDL cholesterol concentration was positively associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a linear manner in women (p for trend = 0.028), but not in men. CONCLUSIONS The associations of HDL cholesterol concentration with lacunar infarction and ICH may be related to different functional properties of HDL rather than to its protective function against lipid-rich atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuai R, Subramanian C, White PT, Timmermann BN, Moon JJ, Cohen MS, Schwendeman A. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanodisks for targeted withalongolide delivery to adrenocortical carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6581-6594. [PMID: 28919755 PMCID: PMC5593402 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy and has a 5-year survival rate of <35%. ACC cells require cholesterol for steroid hormone production, and this requirement is met via expression on the cell surface of a high level of SRB1, responsible for the uptake of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), which carry and transport cholesterol in vivo. Here, we describe how this natural lipid carrier function of SRB1 can be utilized to improve the tumor-targeted delivery of a novel natural product derivative - withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate (WGA-TA) - which has shown potent antitumor efficacy, but poor aqueous solubility. Our strategy was to use synthetic HDL (sHDL) nanodisks, which are effective in tumor-targeted delivery due to their smallness, long circulation half-life, documented safety, and ability to bind to SRB1. In this study, we prepared sHDL nanodisks using an optimized phospholipid composition combined with ApoA1 mimetic peptide (22A), which has previously been tested in clinical trials, to load WGA-TA. Following optimization, WGA-TA nanodisks showed drug encapsulation efficiency of 78%, a narrow particle size distribution (9.81±0.41 nm), discoid shape, and sustained drug release in phosphate buffered saline. WGA-TA-sHDL nanodisks exhibited higher cytotoxicity in the ACC cell line H295R half maximal inhibitory concentration ([IC50] 0.26±0.045 μM) than free WGA-TA (IC50 0.492±0.115 μM, P<0.05). Fluorescent dye-loaded sHDL nanodisks efficiently accumulated in H295R adrenal carcinoma xenografts 24 hours following dosing. Moreover, daily intraperitoneal administration of 7 mg/kg WGA-TA-loaded sHDL nanodisks significantly inhibited tumor growth during 21-day administration to H295R xenograft-bearing mice compared to placebo (P<0.01). Collectively, these results suggest that WGA-TA-loaded nanodisks may represent a novel and beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan
| | | | - Peter T White
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan
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Gao XH, Zhang SS, Chen H, Wang YH, Yuan CH, Wang FB. Systemic Hepatic-Damage Index for Predicting the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection. Front Physiol 2017; 8:480. [PMID: 28769812 PMCID: PMC5513961 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We have developed a systemic hepatic-damage index (SHI) based on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein levels (HDL) and determined its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing resection. Experimental Design: The SHI was analyzed in the training cohort of 188 HCC patients and in the validation cohort of 177 HCC patients. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) scores in the validation cohorts were also measured. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to explore the prediction accuracy in HCC patients. Results: An optimal cutoff point for the SHI of 2.84 stratified the HCC patients into high SHI (>2.84) and low SHI (≤2.84) groups in the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the SHI was an independent predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival, and prognostic for patients with negative α-fetoprotein and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0+A. The AUCs of the SHI for survival and recurrence were higher than other conventional clinical indices. Low SHI significantly correlated with vascular invasion. The SII scores were significantly higher in patients with low SHI compared with those with high SHI. HCC patients in SHI ≤ 2.84 group had shorter recurrence time and lower survival rate than HCC patients in SHI > 2.84 group. Conclusions: The SHI was a potential biomarker for assessing HCC prognosis, and improving SHI level in HCC patients may be a promising therapeutic strategy decision. The poor outcome in HCC patients with low SHI scores might increase SII scores, increasing the possibility of recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, López-Mejías R, Alonso-Castro S, Abal F, Ballina-García FJ, González-Gay MÁ, Suárez A. High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: A potential link among inflammation, oxidative status, and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1043-1054.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tanaka S, Labreuche J, Drumez E, Harrois A, Hamada S, Vigué B, Couret D, Duranteau J, Meilhac O. Low HDL levels in sepsis versus trauma patients in intensive care unit. Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:60. [PMID: 28589535 PMCID: PMC5461227 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective cardiovascular effect of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is considered to chiefly rely on reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues back to the liver. However, HDL particles display pleiotropic properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic or antioxidant functions. Some studies suggest that HDL concentration decreases during sepsis, and an association was reported between low HDL levels and a poor outcome. Like sepsis, trauma is also associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. However, no study has yet explored changes in lipid profiles during trauma. We sought to compare lipid profiles between sepsis and trauma patients in intensive care unit (ICU). In septic patients, we analyzed the association between lipid profile, severity and prognosis. METHODS A prospective, observational, single-centered study was conducted in a surgical ICU. For each patient, total cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were assessed at admission. Short-term prognosis outcome was prospectively assessed. RESULTS Seventy-five consecutive patients were admitted (50 sepsis and 25 trauma). There was no difference in SOFA and SAPSII scores between the two groups. Patients with sepsis had lower total cholesterol levels than patients with trauma. Regarding the lipoprotein profile, only HDLs differed significantly between the two groups (median [IQR] = 0.33 mmol/l [0.17-0.78] in sepsis patients versus median [IQR] = 0.99 mmol/l [0.74-1.28] in trauma patients; P < 0.0001). Whereas ICU mortality was not associated with lipid levels in the sepsis group, a significant negative correlation was found between HDL concentration and the length of ICU stay (r = -0.35; P = 0.03) in the group of survivor septic patients at ICU discharge. In addition, poor outcome defined as death or a SOFA score >6 at day 3 was associated with lower HDL levels (median [IQR] = 0.20 mmol/l [0.11-0.41] vs. 0.35 mmol/l [0.19-0.86] in patients with poor outcome versus others; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Lipid profile was totally different between sepsis and trauma in ICU patients: HDL levels were low in septic patients, whereas their concentration was not altered in trauma patients. This major difference reinforces the necessity to explore the therapeutic potential of HDL in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tanaka
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Julien Labreuche
- Département de biostatistique, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique, épidémiologie et qualité des soins, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Drumez
- Département de biostatistique, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique, épidémiologie et qualité des soins, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anatole Harrois
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'étude de la Microcirculation, « Bio-CANVAS: biomarqueurs in CardioNeuroVascular DISEASES », UMRS 942, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Hamada
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bernard Vigué
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'étude de la Microcirculation, « Bio-CANVAS: biomarqueurs in CardioNeuroVascular DISEASES », UMRS 942, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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75
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Soori R, Rezaeian N, Khosravi N, Ahmadizad S, Taleghani H, Jourkesh M, Stannard S. Effects of water-based endurance training, resistance training, and combined water and resistance training programs on visfatin and ICAM-1 levels in sedentary obese women. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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76
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Saeed F, Imran A, Khan MR, Khan MA, Ahmed S, Rauf A. Immunomodulatory perspectives of potential biological spices with special reference to cancer and diabetes. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1259293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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77
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- MCA Research Laboratory, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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78
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Aleluia MM, da Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Fonseca TCC, Neves FI, de Souza RQ, Farias LA, Pimenta FA, Fiuza LM, Pitanga TN, Ferreira JRD, Adorno EV, Cerqueira BAV, Gonçalves MDS. Association of classical markers and establishment of the dyslipidemic sub-phenotype of sickle cell anemia. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:74. [PMID: 28399852 PMCID: PMC5387254 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients exhibit sub-phenotypes associated to hemolysis and vaso-occlusion. The disease has a chronic inflammatory nature that has been also associated to alterations in the lipid profile. This study aims to analyze hematological and biochemical parameters to provide knowledge about the SCA sub-phenotypes previously described and suggest a dyslipidemic sub-phenotype. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2014, and 99 SCA patients in steady state were enrolled. We assessed correlations and associations with hematological and biochemical data and investigated the co-inheritance of -α3.7Kb-thalassemia (-α3.7Kb-thal). Correlation analyses were performed using Spearman and Pearson coefficient. The median of quantitative variables between two groups was compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results We found significant association of high lactate dehydrogenase levels with decreased red blood cell count and hematocrit as well as high levels of total and indirect bilirubin. SCA patients with low nitric oxide metabolites had high total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced very low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, direct bilirubin level and reticulocyte counts. In SCA patients with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 40 mg/dL, we observed increased red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and fetal hemoglobin and decreased nitric oxide metabolites levels. The presence of -α3.7Kb-thal was associated with high red blood cell count and low mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelet count and total and indirect bilirubin levels. Conclusions Our results provide additional information about the association between biomarkers and co-inheritance of -α3.7Kb-thal in SCA, and suggest the role of dyslipidemia and nitric oxide metabolites in the characterization of this sub-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Cardoso Fonseca
- Centro de Referência a Doença Falciforme de Itabuna, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Regiana Quinto de Souza
- Centro de Referência a Doença Falciforme de Itabuna, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Magalhães Fiuza
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Júnia Raquel Dutra Ferreira
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilda de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal - Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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79
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Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Zatti G, Vitturi N, Iori E, Marescotti MC, Albiero M, Avogaro A. Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on HDL cholesterol, particle size, and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:42. [PMID: 28376855 PMCID: PMC5379610 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce glucose levels, body weight, and blood pressure, possibly resulting in cardiovascular protection. In phase III trials, SGLT2i were shown to increase HDL cholesterol. We aimed to evaluate whether the SGLT2i dapagliflozin affects HDL function in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Thirty-three type 2 diabetic patients were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo for 12 weeks on top of their glucose lowering medications. The primary end-point was the change in cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages at study end versus baseline. Secondary endpoints were changes in: distribution of HDL subfractions, lipid profile, activity of enzymes that mediate HDL antioxidant properties (PON1 and ARE) and cholesterol metabolism (CETP), HbA1c, body weight and composition. RESULTS Thirty-one patients completed the study, n = 16 in the placebo group and n = 15 in the dapagliflozin group. Patients randomized to dapagliflozin were older and had lower adiposity indexes, although these differences disappeared after correction for multiple testing. Therapy with dapagliflozin reduced HbA1c by 0.9% and body weight by 3.1 kg, mainly attributable to reduction of body water and lean mass. As compared to placebo, dapagliflozin reduced CEC (-6.7 ± 2.4 versus 0.3 ± 1.8%; p = 0.043), but this effect was no longer significant after adjusting for age and BMI. No change was detected in HDL cholesterol, HDL subfractions, activity of PON1, ARE, and CETP. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in glucose control and reduction in body weight, therapy with dapagliflozin exerted no significant effect on HDL cholesterol levels and HDL functionality. Trial registration EudraCT 2014-004270-42; NCT02327039.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Giancarlo Zatti
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitturi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iori
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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80
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Abstract
On the basis of studies that extend back to the early 1900s, regression and stabilization of atherosclerosis in humans has progressed from being a concept to one that is achievable. Successful attempts at regression generally applied robust measures to improve plasma lipoprotein profiles. Possible mechanisms responsible for lesion shrinkage include decreased retention of atherogenic apolipoprotein B within the arterial wall, efflux of cholesterol and other toxic lipids from plaques, emigration of lesional foam cells out of the arterial wall, and influx of healthy phagocytes that remove necrotic debris as well as other components of the plaque. Currently available clinical agents, however, still fail to stop most cardiovascular events. For years, HDL has been considered the 'good cholesterol.' Clinical intervention studies to causally link plasma HDL-C levels to decreased progression or to the regression of atherosclerotic plaques are relatively few because of the lack of therapeutic agents that can selectively and potently increase HDL-C. The negative results of studies that were carried out have led to uncertainty as to the role that HDL plays in atherosclerosis. It is becoming clearer, however, that HDL function rather than quantity is most crucial and, therefore, discovery of agents that enhance the quality of HDL should be the goal.
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81
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Lai CT, Sun W, Palekar RU, Thaxton CS, Schatz GC. Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Studies of Gold Nanoparticle Templated HDL-like Nanoparticles for Cholesterol Metabolism Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1247-1254. [PMID: 28001031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Mimics of HDL are being explored as potentially powerful therapeutic agents for removing excess cholesterol from arterial plaques. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with apolipoprotein A-I and with the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate] have been demonstrated to be robust acceptors of cellular cholesterol. However, detailed structural information about this functionalized HDL AuNP is still lacking. In this study, we have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase activation experiments together with coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to model the structure and cholesterol uptake properties of the HDL AuNP construct. By simulating different apolipoprotein-loaded AuNPs, we find that lipids are oriented differently in regions with and without apoA-I. We also show that in this functionalized HDL AuNP, the distribution of cholesteryl ester maintains a reverse concentration gradient that is similar to the gradient found in native HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tsung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wangqiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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82
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Lee MH, Appleton KM, El-Shewy HM, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Lopes-Virella MF, Luttrell LM, Hammad SM, Klein RL. S1P in HDL promotes interaction between SR-BI and S1PR1 and activates S1PR1-mediated biological functions: calcium flux and S1PR1 internalization. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:325-338. [PMID: 27881715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL normally transports about 50-70% of plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the S1P in HDL reportedly mediates several HDL-associated biological effects and signaling pathways. The HDL receptor, SR-BI, as well as the cell surface receptors for S1P (S1PRs) may be involved partially and/or completely in these HDL-induced processes. Here we investigate the nature of the HDL-stimulated interaction between the HDL receptor, SR-BI, and S1PR1 using a protein-fragment complementation assay and confocal microscopy. In both primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and HEK293 cells, the S1P content in HDL particles increased intracellular calcium concentration, which was mediated by S1PR1. Mechanistic studies performed in HEK293 cells showed that incubation of cells with HDL led to an increase in the physical interaction between the SR-BI and S1PR1 receptors that mainly occurred on the plasma membrane. Model recombinant HDL (rHDL) particles formed in vitro with S1P incorporated into the particle initiated the internalization of S1PR1, whereas rHDL without supplemented S1P did not, suggesting that S1P transported in HDL can selectively activate S1PR1. In conclusion, these data suggest that S1P in HDL stimulates the transient interaction between SR-BI and S1PRs that can activate S1PRs and induce an elevation in intracellular calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathryn M Appleton
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hesham M El-Shewy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC .,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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83
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Woudberg NJ, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Protection from Cardiovascular Disease Due to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in African Black Populations: Myth or Reality? Ethn Dis 2016; 26:553-560. [PMID: 27773983 PMCID: PMC5072485 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the last decade. Despite this, African Black populations present with relatively low incidences of coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease, which may be attributed to their lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, compared with White populations. Commensurate with these lower lipid levels, it was believed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations would be higher in Black populations compared with their White counterparts. This is based on data from previous studies of African and African American populations; however, recent studies conducted in Africa found similar or lower HDL-C concentrations in Black compared with White individuals. Current research, therefore, suggests that HDL-C may not be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk and future research should focus on HDL quality (vs quantity), by measuring HDL functionality and subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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84
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Antibodies to paraoxonase 1 are associated with oxidant status and endothelial activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1889-99. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-paraoxonase 1 (PON1) antibodies could be a potential missing link between oxidative status, inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Therefore, they could represent an emerging clinical biomarker of CV risk in this condition.
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85
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Rysz-Górzyńska M, Banach M. Subfractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and dysfunctional HDL in chronic kidney disease patients. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:844-9. [PMID: 27478466 PMCID: PMC4947629 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic kidney disease is characterized by significant disturbances in lipoprotein metabolism, including differences in quantitative and qualitative content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Recent studies have revealed that serum HDL cholesterol levels do not predict CVD in CKD patients; thus CKD-induced modifications in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be responsible for the increase in CV risk in CKD patients. Various methods are available to separate several subclasses of HDL and confirm their atheroprotective properties. However, under pathological conditions associated with inflammation and oxidation, HDL can progressively lose normal biological activities and be converted into dysfunctional HDL. In this review, we highlight the current state of knowledge on subfractions of HDL and HDL dysfunction in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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86
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Paudel KR, Lee UW, Kim DW. Chungtaejeon, a Korean fermented tea, prevents the risk of atherosclerosis in rats fed a high-fat atherogenic diet. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2016; 14:134-42. [PMID: 26988435 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypercholesterolemia is one of the well-established risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-atherogenic effect of Chungtaejeon (CTJ, a Korean fermented tea) aqueous extract on proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The authors used high-fat atherogenic diet (HFAD) to induce hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats in in vivo animal experiments and used HASMCs for in vitro cell experiments. For the in vitro cell experiment, the proliferation of HASMCs was evaluated using the MTT assay. Similarly, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in HASMCs was measured using gelatin zymography. Antimigratory activity of CTJ was revealed using the wound-healing model and Boyden 's chamber assay. In the in vivo experiment, CTJ was administered in three different doses for 20 d from the initiation of the HFAD. After 20 d, the serum lipid profile and total lipid contents in liver were measured. RESULTS Treatment with CTJ for 24 h dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and migration of HASMCs and expression of MMP-2 in HASMCs. The oral administration of CTJ at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total serum cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol of HFAD-fed rats. CONCLUSION CTJ possessed strong antiproliferative, antimigratory, as well as lipid-lowering activities. Thus, CTJ can be considered as a therapeutic option in the treatment of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, South Korea
| | - Ung-Won Lee
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, South Korea
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87
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Principi F, Di Ludovico F, Viti B, Angeleri VA, Danni M, Provinciali L. Increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis: a relationship with paraoxonase activity. Mult Scler 2016; 11:677-82. [PMID: 16320727 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1240oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase, an enzyme associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL), plays an important role in the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by HDL. Increasing evidence supports a role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the inflammatory processes and in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between oxidative damage and MS; therefore we compared the paraoxonase activity and levels of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH), as marker of lipid peroxidation, in plasma isolated from healthy subjects (n=89) and from MS patients (n=24) in the early stage disability (EDSSB<3.5). Our results demonstrated for the first time that the activity of paraoxonase in the plasma of MS subjects was significantly lower with respect to controls (p<0.001). Moreover, our results showed a significant increase in the levels of CE-OOH in plasma from MS subjects (p<0.001). CE-OOH are biologically active substances derived from the oxidation of cholesteryl ester localized in the hydrophobic core of plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Therefore, our study demonstrates alterations of lipoprotein peroxidation in MS and provides further evidence that oxidative stress and impairment of the anti-oxidant system may play a role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferretti
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Istituto di Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
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88
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Sawatari H, Chishaki A, Nishizaka M, Tokunou T, Adachi S, Yoshimura C, Ohkusa T, Ando SI. Cumulative Hypoxemia During Sleep Predicts Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:458-63. [PMID: 26286866 PMCID: PMC4886491 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with repeated intermittent hypoxemia, and it is known as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies assessing the effects of frequency and depth of hypoxemia on cardiovascular diseases have shown conflicting results. The aim of the current study was to clarify what SDB-related parameters most predict endothelial dysfunction to better understand the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with SDB. METHODS We conducted polysomnography (PSG) and measured flow-mediated vasodilation response (%FMD) in 50 outpatients suspected of SDB. Evaluated indices included: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 3% oxygen desaturation index (3%ODI), averaged arterial oxygen saturation (averaged SpO2), lowest arterial oxygen saturation (lowest SpO2), ratio of arterial oxygen saturation <90% ( RESULTS Significant differences were observed only in the TDS between the first and third (P = 0.03) and between the first and forth (P = 0.04) quartile groups, stratified by %FMD. The %FMD showed a significant relationship with TDS (β = -0.47, P = 0.001), even after adjusting for confounding factors (β = -0.33, P = 0.02). In contrast, AHI, 3%ODI, averaged SpO2, lowest SpO2, and CONCLUSIONS This study shows the validity of TDS in predicting endothelial damage in patients with SDB. Cumulative hypoxemia, rather than the frequency of hypoxemic events presented as AHI, may be a greater contributing factor in causing endothelial dysfunction. A simple index like TDS may be a useful and novel indicator of the influence of SDB on the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sawatari
- Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Chishaki
- Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mari Nishizaka
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomotake Tokunou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sonomi Adachi
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Ohkusa
- Kirameki Projects Career Support Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ando
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan;
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Jung EY, Hong YH, Park C, Suh HJ. Effects of Cyclo-His-Pro-enriched yeast hydrolysate on blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic ob/ob mice. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:154-60. [PMID: 27087898 PMCID: PMC4819125 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We examined the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of yeast hydrolysate (YH) enriched with Cyclo-His-Pro (CHP) in the C57BL/6J ob/ob mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS Mice were separated into 4 groups (8 mice/group) on the basis of blood glucose and body weight: WT control, lean mice given vehicle; ob/ob control, ob/ob mice given vehicle; YH-1, ob/ob mice given 0.5 g/kg of YH; YH-2, ob/ob mice given 1 g/kg of YH. YH in saline or vehicle was administered orally in the same volume every day for 3 weeks. RESULTS Mice treated with YH (0.5 and 1 g/kg) for 3 weeks displayed a significant reduction in overall body weight gain and perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue weight compared to the ob/ob control group. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, and atherogenic indexes were significantly decreased in the blood of YH-1 and YH-2 groups compared to the ob/ob control. In ob/ob mice, YH administration significantly improved glucose tolerance and blood insulin levels. These data indicate that YH treatment produces potent hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects by controlling body weight, fat mass, blood lipid, insulin levels, and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION YH could potentially be used as a treatment option for diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The CHP-enriched YH may be a promising strategy in the development of hypoglycemic peptide nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Yang Hee Hong
- Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women's University, Suwon 16632, Korea
| | - Chung Park
- LINC Project Group, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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90
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Ghoneim MAM, Hassan AI, Mahmoud MG, Asker MS. Effect of polysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis sp. on cardiovascular diseases and atherogenic indices in diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:112. [PMID: 27037095 PMCID: PMC4815154 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus induces chronic complications such as cardiovascular damage, cataracts and retinopathy, nephropathy, and polyneuropathy. The main aim of the study was to isolate and identify both of bacterial strain and exopolysaccharide to assess the possible efficiency of exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilus sp .suppress on cardiovascular diseases, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in diabetic rats. METHODS The bacterial strain used was isolated from mangrove tree sediment by serial dilution and the spread-plate technique and identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and by 16S rRNA analysis. The BSEPS was extracted from the bacterial supernatant by four volumes child ethanol then the functional groups, MW and chemical analysis were detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also an antioxidant activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into four groups: control group supplemented with normal saline (Group I); the second group supplemented with BSEPS (Group II); diabetic group supplemented with normal saline (Group III) and the diabetic group supplemented with BSEPS (Group IV). Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. BSEPS (100 mg/kg BW) was administered orally for four weeks, following STZ induction. RESULTS The isolated strain was identified based on 16S rRNA sequence as Bacillus subtilis sp. suppress. A preliminary chemical analysis of BSEPS indicated that the monosaccharides were mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 1.6:1.5:1.0:2.3:1.4, respectively, with a molecular weight of 1.66 × 10(4) g mol(-1) and a molecular number of 7.64 × 10(3) g mol(-1). BSEPS inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical activity, and BSEPS supplement reduced glucose (p < 0.05) and troponin levels while insulin levels increased (p < 0.05). BSEPS also reduced total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides, and elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL). In parallel, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats were reduced. Moreover, polysaccharides reduced atherogenic and coronary risk indices, which were confirmed by histopathological examination of the heart and aorta. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that BSEPS improves hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease risk in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Ghoneim
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S Asker
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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91
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Kuai R, Li D, Chen YE, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A. High-Density Lipoproteins: Nature's Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3015-41. [PMID: 26889958 PMCID: PMC4918468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the "good" cholesterol because it not only removes excess cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques but also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect the cardiovascular system. Circulating HDL also transports endogenous proteins, vitamins, hormones, and microRNA to various organs. Compared with other synthetic nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, HDL has unique features that allow them to deliver cargo to specific targets more efficiently. These attributes include their ultrasmall size (8-12 nm in diameter), high tolerability in humans (up to 8 g of protein per infusion), long circulating half-life (12-24 h), and intrinsic targeting properties to different recipient cells. Various recombinant ApoA proteins and ApoA mimetic peptides have been recently developed for the preparation of reconstituted HDL that exhibits properties similar to those of endogenous HDL and has a potential for industrial scale-up. In this review, we will summarize (a) clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of reconstituted HDL products, (b) comparison of HDL with inorganic and other organic nanoparticles,
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
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92
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Omotayo BI, Tolulope MO, Afolabi CA, Taiwo TA. HPLC quantification of phenolic content and assessment of methanolic extract of Antiaris africana for toxicological study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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93
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Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Shukor MY, Abu Bakar MZ, Ahmad SA. Phytochemical investigation, hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Amaranthus viridis leaf extract in hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main causes for coronary heart disease, which occurs due to high levels of serum cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Salvamani
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Shukor
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Md. Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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94
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Comparison of different statin therapy to change low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Korean patients with and without diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 10:528-537.e3. [PMID: 27206940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to apply the proper intensity of statin for new treatment guidelines in clinical settings because of few data about the statin efficacy in Asians. We conducted a retrospective, observational study to estimate the percentage changes in lipid parameters and glucose induced by different statins. METHODS We analyzed 3854 patients including those with nondiabetes and diabetes treated at the outpatient clinic between 2003 and 2013 who were statin-naïve and maintained fixed-dose of statin for at least 18 months. RESULTS Moderate- and low-intensity statin therapy was effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to <100 mg/dL (70.3%, 83.0%, and 87.2% of diabetic patients in the low-, moderate-, and high-intensity therapy groups, respectively). The rapid decrease of LDL-C was observed in the first 8 months, and LDL-C-lowering effect was maintained throughout the observation period in even the low-intensity statin group. The effects of statins in elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar in each statin groups, except the ezetimibe-simvastatin group (4.5 ± 2.1%) and high-dose atorvastatin groups (9.7 ± 3.3% and 8.7 ± 2.4% for 40 mg and 80 mg of atorvastatin/day, respectively). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased less and LDL-C decreased more in diabetes than in nondiabetes. There were no significant changes of fasting glucose after statin use in nondiabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Moderate- or low-intensity statin was effective enough in reaching National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III LDL-C target goals in Koreans. Low-intensity statin showed around 30% LDL-C reduction from the baseline level in Koreans, which is comparable to moderate-intensity statin in new guideline.
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95
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Ramirez A, Hu PP. Low High-Density Lipoprotein and Risk of Myocardial Infarction. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:113-7. [PMID: 26692765 PMCID: PMC4670046 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s26624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Low HDL is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. This paper reviews our current understanding of HDL, HDL structure and function, HDL subclasses, the relationship of low HDL with myocardial infarction, HDL targeted therapy, and clinical trials and studies. Furthermore potential new agents, such as alirocumab (praluent) and evolocumab (repatha) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramirez
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA. ; Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - P P Hu
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA. ; Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA, USA
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96
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Kuppusamy P, Paul Raj RD, Ilavenil S, Kaleeswaran B, Govindan N, Maniam GP, Ravikumar S. Evaluation of antihypercholesterolemic effect using Memecylon edule Roxb. ethanolic extract in cholesterol-induced Swiss albino mice. J Acute Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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97
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Hypocholesterolemic and Antiatherosclerotic Potential of Basella alba Leaf Extract in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Rabbits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:751714. [PMID: 26697097 PMCID: PMC4677185 DOI: 10.1155/2015/751714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor that leads to atherosclerosis. Nowadays, alternative treatment using medicinal plants gained much attention since the usage of statins leads to adverse health effects, especially liver and muscle toxicity. This study was designed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of Basella alba (B. alba) using hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 5 groups and fed with varying diets: normal diet, 2% high cholesterol diet (HCD), 2% HCD + 10 mg/kg simvastatin, 2% HCD + 100 mg/kg B. alba extract, and 2% HCD + 200 mg/kg B. alba extract, respectively. The treatment with B. alba extract significantly lowered the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and increased HDL and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) levels. The elevated levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and creatine kinase were noted in hypercholesterolemic and statin treated groups indicating liver and muscle injuries. Treatment with B. alba extract also significantly suppressed the aortic plaque formation and reduced the intima: media ratio as observed in simvastatin-treated group. This is the first in vivo study on B. alba that suggests its potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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98
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Morin EE, Guo L, Schwendeman A, Li XA. HDL in sepsis - risk factor and therapeutic approach. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:244. [PMID: 26557091 PMCID: PMC4616240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key component of circulating blood and plays essential roles in regulation of vascular endothelial function and immunity. Clinical data demonstrate that HDL levels drop by 40-70% in septic patients, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Experimental studies using Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoAI) null mice showed that HDL deficient mice are susceptible to septic death, and overexpressing ApoAI in mice to increase HDL levels protects against septic death. These clinical and animal studies support our hypothesis that a decrease in HDL level is a risk factor for sepsis, and raising circulating HDL levels may provide an efficient therapy for sepsis. In this review, we discuss the roles of HDL in sepsis and summarize the efforts of using synthetic HDL as a potential therapy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, LexingtonKY, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, LexingtonKY, USA
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99
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Kim MJ, Park M, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Son O, Jo HS, Yeo HJ, Cho SB, Park JH, Lee CH, Kim DS, Kwon OS, Kim J, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Transduced PEP-1-PON1 proteins regulate microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal death in a Parkinson's disease model. Biomaterials 2015; 64:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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100
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Farinha JB, Dos Santos DL, Bresciani G, Bard LF, de Mello F, Stefanello ST, Courtes AA, Soares F. Weight loss is not mandatory for exercise-induced effects on health indices in females with metabolic syndrome. Biol Sport 2015; 32:109-14. [PMID: 26028810 PMCID: PMC4296212 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1134313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of moderate aerobic training on functional, anthropometric, biochemical, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters on women with metabolic syndrome (MS). Fifteen untrained women with MS performed moderate aerobic training for 15 weeks, without modifications of dietary behaviours. Functional, anthropometric, biochemical, control diet record and HRQOL parameters were assessed before and after the training. Despite body weight maintenance, the patients presented decreases in waist circumference (P = 0.001), number of MS components (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.049), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.004), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.027), myeloperoxidase activity (P = 0.002) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (P = 0.006). There were no differences in total energy, carbohydrate, protein and lipid intake pre- and post-training. Furthermore, improvements in the HRQOL subscales of physical functioning (P = 0.03), role-physical (P = 0.039), bodily pain (P = 0.048), general health (P = 0.046) and social functioning scoring (P = 0.011) were reported. Despite the absence of weight loss, aerobic training induced beneficial effects on functional, anthropometric, biochemical and HRQOL parameters in women with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Farinha
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Eduçãgao Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - D L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Eduçãgao Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - G Bresciani
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil ; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - L F Bard
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Eduçãgao Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - F de Mello
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Eduçãgao Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S T Stefanello
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A A Courtes
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Faa Soares
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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