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Hoffman AF, Hwang EK, Lupica CR. Impairment of Synaptic Plasticity by Cannabis, Δ 9-THC, and Synthetic Cannabinoids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039743. [PMID: 32341064 PMCID: PMC8091957 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of neurons to dynamically and flexibly encode synaptic inputs via short- and long-term plasticity is critical to an organism's ability to learn and adapt to the environment. Whereas synaptic plasticity may be encoded by pre- or postsynaptic mechanisms, current evidence suggests that optimization of learning requires both forms of plasticity. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) play critical roles in modulating synaptic transmission via activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) in many central nervous system (CNS) regions, and the eCB system has been implicated, either directly or indirectly, in several forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of this, perturbations within the eCB signaling system can lead to impairments in a variety of learned behaviors. One agent of altered eCB signaling is exposure to "exogenous cannabinoids" such as the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-THC, or illicit synthetic cannabinoids that in many cases have higher potency and efficacy than Δ9-THC. Thus, by targeting the eCB system, these agonists can produce widespread impairment of synaptic plasticity by disrupting ongoing eCB function. Here, we review studies in which Δ9-THC and synthetic cannabinoids impair synaptic plasticity in a variety of neuronal circuits and examine evidence that this contributes to their well-documented ability to disrupt cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Kobro-Flatmoen A, Lagartos-Donate MJ, Aman Y, Edison P, Witter MP, Fang EF. Re-emphasizing early Alzheimer's disease pathology starting in select entorhinal neurons, with a special focus on mitophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101307. [PMID: 33621703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal-hippocampal system contains distinct networks subserving declarative memory. This system is selectively vulnerable to changes of ageing and pathological processes. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a pivotal component of this memory system since it serves as the interface between the neocortex and the hippocampus. EC is heavily affected by the proteinopathies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These appear in a stereotypical spatiotemporal manner and include increased levels of intracellular amyloid-beta Aβ (iAβ), parenchymal deposition of Aβ plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing abnormally processed Tau. Increased levels of iAβ and the formation of NFTs are seen very early on in a population of neurons belonging to EC layer II (EC LII), and recent evidence leads us to believe that this population is made up of highly energy-demanding reelin-positive (RE+) projection neurons. Mitochondria are fundamental to the energy supply, metabolism, and plasticity of neurons. Evidence from AD postmortem brain tissues supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the initial pathological events in AD, and this is likely to take place in the vulnerable RE + EC LII neurons. Here we review and discuss these notions, anchored to the anatomy of AD, and formulate a hypothesis attempting to explain the vulnerability of RE + EC LII neurons to the formation of NFTs. We attempt to link impaired mitochondrial clearance to iAβ and signaling involving both apolipoprotein 4 and reelin, and argue for their relevance to the formation of NFTs specifically in RE + EC LII neurons during the prodromal stages of AD. We believe future studies on these interactions holds promise to advance our understanding of AD etiology and provide new ideas for drug development.
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Soltani Zangbar H, Shahabi P, Seyedi Vafaee M, Ghadiri T, Ebrahimi Kalan A, Fallahi S, Ghorbani M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M. Hippocampal neurodegeneration and rhythms mirror each other during acute spinal cord injury in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:31-42. [PMID: 33848614 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), triggers neurodegenerative changes in the spinal cord, and simultaneously alters oscillatory manifestations of motor cortex. However, these disturbances may not be limited to motor areas and other parts such as hippocampus, which is vital in the neurogenesis and cognitive function, may be affected in the neurogenic and oscillatory manners. Addressing this remarkable complication of SCI, we evaluated the hippocampal neurogenesis and rhythms through acute phase of SCI. In the present study, we used 40 male rats (Sham.W1 = 10, SCI.W1 = 10, Sham.W2 = 10, SCI.W2 = 10), and findings revealed that contusive SCI declines hippocampal rhythms (Delta, Theta, Beta, Gamma) power and max-frequency. Also, there was a significant decrease in the DCX + and BrdU + cells of the dentate gyrus; correlated significantly with rhythms power decline. Considering the TUNEL assay analysis, there were significantly greater apoptotic cells, in the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of injured animals. Furthermore, according to the western blotting analysis, the expression of receptors (NMDA, GABAA, Muscarinic1), which are essential in the neurogenesis and generation of rhythms significantly attenuated following SCI. Our study demonstrated that acute SCI, alters the power and max-frequency of hippocampal rhythms parallel with changes in the hippocampal neurogenesis, apoptosis, and receptors expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Fallahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Clayton K, Delpech JC, Herron S, Iwahara N, Ericsson M, Saito T, Saido TC, Ikezu S, Ikezu T. Plaque associated microglia hyper-secrete extracellular vesicles and accelerate tau propagation in a humanized APP mouse model. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 33752701 PMCID: PMC7986521 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that microglia contribute to tau pathology progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid plaque accumulation transforms microglia, the primary innate immune cells in the brain, into neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD), which exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of plaques, apoptotic neurons and dystrophic neurites containing aggregated and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). It remains unclear how microglia promote disease progression while actively phagocytosing pathological proteins, therefore ameliorating pathology. Methods Adeno-associated virus expressing P301L tau mutant (AAV-P301L-tau) was stereotaxically injected into the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in C57BL/6 (WT) and humanized APP mutant knock-in homozygote (AppNL-G-F) mice at 5 months of age. Mice were fed either chow containing a colony stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor (PLX5622) or control chow from 4 to 6 months of age to test the effect of microglia depletion. Animals were tested at 6 months of age for immunofluorescence, biochemistry, and FACS of microglia. In order to monitor microglial extracellular vesicle secretion in vivo, a novel lentiviral EV reporter system was engineered to express mEmerald-CD9 (mE-CD9) specifically in microglia, which was injected into the same region of MEC. Results Expressing P301L tau mutant in the MEC induced tau propagation to the granule cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which was significantly exacerbated in AppNL-G-F mice compared to WT control mice. Administration of PLX5622 depleted nearly all microglia in mouse brains and dramatically reduced propagation of p-tau in WT and to a greater extent in AppNL-G-F mice, although it increased plaque burden and plaque-associated p-tau+ dystrophic neurites. Plaque-associated MGnD microglia strongly expressed an EV marker, tumor susceptibility gene 101, indicative of heightened synthesis of EVs. Intracortical injection of mE-CD9 lentivirus successfully induced microglia-specific expression of mE-CD9+ EV particles, which were significantly enhanced in Mac2+ MGnD microglia compared to Mac2− homeostatic microglia. Finally, consecutive intracortical injection of mE-CD9 lentivirus and AAV-P301L-tau into AppNL-G-F mice revealed encapsulation of p-tau in microglia-specific mE-CD9+ EVs as determined by super-resolution microscopy and immuno-electron microscopy. Discussion Our findings suggest that MGnD microglia hyper-secrete p-tau+ EVs while compacting Aβ plaques and clearing NP tau, which we propose as a novel mechanistic link between amyloid plaque deposition and exacerbation of tau propagation in AppNL-G-F mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00440-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Clayton
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean Christophe Delpech
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Herron
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiko Ikezu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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55
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Meyer MAA, Radulovic J. Functional differentiation in the transverse plane of the hippocampus: An update on activity segregation within the DG and CA3 subfields. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:35-43. [PMID: 33727088 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Decades of neuroscience research in rodents have established an essential role of the hippocampus in the processing of episodic memories. Based on accumulating evidence of functional segregation in the hippocampus along the longitudinal axis, this role has been primarily ascribed to the dorsal hippocampus. More recent findings, however, demonstrate that functional segregation also occurs along transverse axis of the hippocampus, within the hippocampal subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG). Because the functional heterogeneity within CA1 has been addressed in several recent articles, here we discuss behavioral findings and putative mechanisms supporting generation of asymmetrical activity patterns along the transverse axis of DG and CA3. While transverse subnetworks appear to discretely contribute to the processing of spatial, non-spatial, temporal, and social components of episodic memories, integration of these components also occurs, especially in the CA3 subfield and possibly downstream, in the cortical targets of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah A A Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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56
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Kim IB, Park SC. Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
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Huckleberry KA, Shansky RM. The unique plasticity of hippocampal adult-born neurons: Contributing to a heterogeneous dentate. Hippocampus 2021; 31:543-556. [PMID: 33638581 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is evolutionarily conserved as one of the few sites of adult neurogenesis in mammals. Although there is clear evidence that neurogenesis is necessary for healthy hippocampal function, whether adult-born neurons are simply integrated into existing hippocampal networks to serve a similar purpose to that of developmentally born neurons or whether they represent a discrete cell population with unique functions remains less clear. In this review, we consider evidence for discrete cellular, synaptic, and structural features of adult-born DG neurons, suggesting that neurogenesis contributes to the formation of a heterogeneous DG. We therefore propose that hippocampal neurogenesis creates a specialized neuronal subpopulation that may play a key role in hippocampal functions like episodic memory. We note critical gaps in this extensive body of work, including a general failure to include female animals in relevant research and a need for more precise consideration of intrahippocampal neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A Huckleberry
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M Shansky
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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58
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Houser CR, Peng Z, Wei X, Huang CS, Mody I. Mossy Cells in the Dorsal and Ventral Dentate Gyrus Differ in Their Patterns of Axonal Projections. J Neurosci 2021; 41:991-1004. [PMID: 33268544 PMCID: PMC7880284 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2455-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mossy cells (MCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) are a major group of excitatory hilar neurons that are important for regulating activity of dentate granule cells. MCs are particularly intriguing because of their extensive longitudinal connections within the DG. It has generally been assumed that MCs in the dorsal and ventral DG have similar patterns of termination in the inner one-third of the dentate molecular layer. Here, we demonstrate that axonal projections of MCs in these two regions are considerably different. MCs in dorsal and ventral regions were labeled selectively with Cre-dependent eYFP or mCherry, using two transgenic mouse lines (including both sexes) that express Cre-recombinase in MCs. At four to six weeks following unilateral labeling of MCs in the ventral DG, a dense band of fibers was present in the inner one-fourth of the molecular layer and extended bilaterally throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the DG, replicating the expected distribution of MC axons. In contrast, following labeling of MCs in the dorsal DG, the projections were more diffusely distributed. At the level of transfection, fibers were present in the inner molecular layer, but they progressively expanded into the middle molecular layer and, most ventrally, formed a distinct band in this region. Optical stimulation of these caudal fibers expressing ChR2 demonstrated robust EPSCs in ipsilateral granule cells and enhanced the effects of perforant path stimulation in the ventral DG. These findings suggest that MCs in the dorsal and ventral DG differ in the distribution of their axonal projections and possibly their function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mossy cells (MCs), a major cell type in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG), are unique in providing extensive longitudinal and commissural projections throughout the DG. Although it has been assumed that all MCs have similar patterns of termination in the inner molecular layer of the DG, we discovered that the axonal projections of dorsal and ventral MCs differ. While ventral MC projections exhibit the classical pattern, with dense innervation in the inner molecular layer, dorsal MCs have a more diffuse distribution and expand into the middle molecular layer where they overlap and interact with innervation from the perforant path. These distinct locations and patterns of axonal projections suggest that dorsal and ventral MCs may have different functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Houser
- Department of Neurobiology
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | | | | | - Istvan Mody
- Department of Neurology
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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The aging mouse brain: cognition, connectivity and calcium. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102358. [PMID: 33517250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of neuronal circuit function, structure and molecular composition in the brain of awake behaving adult mice. Thus, mice have become a critical tool to better understand how aging impacts the brain. However, a more granular systems-based approach, which considers the impact of age on key features relating to neural processing, is required. Here, we review evidence probing the impact of age on the mouse brain. We focus on a range of processes relating to neuronal function, including cognitive abilities, sensory systems, synaptic plasticity and calcium regulation. Across many systems, we find evidence for prominent age-related dysregulation even before 12 months of age, suggesting that emerging age-related alterations can manifest by late adulthood. However, we also find reports suggesting that some processes are remarkably resilient to aging. The evidence suggests that aging does not drive a parallel, linear dysregulation of all systems, but instead impacts some processes earlier, and more severely, than others. We propose that capturing the more fine-scale emerging features of age-related vulnerability and resilience may provide better opportunities for the rejuvenation of the aged brain.
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Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Ailani R, D'Orio C, Crockett MS, Kumar SS. d-Serine Intervention In The Medial Entorhinal Area Alters TLE-Related Pathology In CA1 Hippocampus Via The Temporoammonic Pathway. Neuroscience 2021; 453:168-186. [PMID: 33197499 PMCID: PMC7796904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Entrainment of the hippocampus by the medial entorhinal area (MEA) in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults, is believed to be mediated primarily through the perforant pathway (PP), which connects stellate cells in layer (L) II of the MEA with granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) to drive the hippocampal tri-synaptic circuit. Using immunohistochemistry, high-resolution confocal microscopy and the rat pilocarpine model of TLE, we show here that the lesser known temporoammonic pathway (TAP) plays a significant role in transferring MEA pathology to the CA1 region of the hippocampus independently of the PP. The pathology observed was region-specific and restricted primarily to the CA1c subfield of the hippocampus. As shown previously, daily intracranial infusion of d-serine (100 μm), an antagonist of GluN3-containing triheteromeric N-Methyl d-aspartate receptors (t-NMDARs), into the MEA prevented loss of LIII neurons and epileptogenesis. This intervention in the MEA led to the rescue of hippocampal CA1 neurons that would have otherwise perished in the epileptic animals, and down regulation of the expression of astrocytes and microglia thereby mitigating the effects of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, these changes were not observed to a similar extent in other regions of vulnerability like the hilus, DG or CA3, suggesting that the pathology manifest in CA1 is driven predominantly through the TAP. This work highlights TAP's role in the entrainment of the hippocampus and identifies specific areas for therapeutic intervention in dealing with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Beesley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Thomas Sullenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Roshan Ailani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Cameron D'Orio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Mathew S Crockett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Sanjay S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States.
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Newell AJ, Chung SH, Wagner CK. Inhibition of progesterone receptor activity during development increases reelin-immunoreactivity in Cajal-Retzius cells, alters synaptic innervation in neonatal dentate gyrus, and impairs episodic-like memory in adulthood. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104887. [PMID: 33166560 PMCID: PMC8130849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) molecular layer during the postnatal period (P1-28), a critical stage of development for the dentate gyrus and its circuitry. CR cells secrete the glycoprotein, reelin, which is required for typical development of the DG and its connections, particularly afferent input from the perforant path. This pathway regulates the processing of sensory information arriving from entorhinal cortex and integrates this information to form episodic memories. To assess the potential role of PR activity on the development of these connections and associated behavior, rats were treated daily from P1 to 7 with the PR antagonist, RU486. RU486 treatment increased the number of reelin-ir cells, suggesting an accumulation of reelin, and implicating PR in the regulation of a principle developmental function of CR cells. RU486 also altered the synaptic bouton marker, synaptophysin-ir, in a sex-specific manner, suggesting a role for PR activity in the development of perforant path innervation of the molecular layer (MOL). Finally, both control and RU486 treated rats spent significantly more time with a temporally distant object in the Relative Recency task, suggesting an intact associative memory for object identity and temporal order in both groups. In contrast, the same RU486 treated rats were impaired in an episodic-like memory task compared to controls, failing to integrate object identity ('what'), time ('when'), and object position ('where'). These findings reveal a novel role for PR in regulating CR cell function within the MOL, thereby altering development of DG connectivity and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Sung Hwan Chung
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Christine K Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
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Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villanueva-Anguita P, Saiz-Sanchez D, Martinez-Marcos A, Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Bañon I. The Human Hippocampus in Parkinson's Disease: An Integrative Stereological and Proteomic Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1345-1365. [PMID: 34092653 PMCID: PMC8461741 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically described as a six-stage α-synucleinopathy. In stage 4, α-synuclein reaches the hippocampus, inducing cognitive deficits, from which it progresses to the isocortex, leading to dementia. Among hippocampal fields, cornu ammonis 2 is particularly affected by this α-synucleinopathy and critical for cognitive decline. Volumetric studies using magnetic resonance imaging have produced controversial results, with only some reporting volume loss, whereas stereological data obtained using nonspecific markers do not reveal volume changes, neural or glial loss. Proteomic analysis has not been carried out in the hippocampus of patients with PD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explain hippocampal changes in patients with PD at the cellular and proteomic levels. METHODS α-Synuclein inclusions, volume and neural (NeuN), microglial (Iba-1) and astroglial (GFAP) populations were stereologically analyzed. SWATH-MS quantitative proteomic analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Area fraction fractionator probe revealed a higher area fraction α-synucleinopathy in cornu ammonis 2. No volume change, neurodegeneration, microgliosis or astrogliosis was detected. Proteomic analysis identified 1,634 proteins, of which 83 were particularly useful for defining differences among PD and non-PD groups. Among them, upregulated (PHYIP, CTND2, AHSA1 and SNTA1) and downregulated (TM163, REEP2 and CSKI1) proteins were related to synaptic structures in the diseased hippocampus. CONCLUSION The distribution of α-synuclein in the hippocampus is not associated with volumetric, neural or glial changes. Proteomic analysis, however, reveals a series of changes in proteins associated with synaptic structures, suggesting that hippocampal changes occur at the synapse level during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Patricia Villanueva-Anguita
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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63
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Gustus K, Li L, Newville J, Cunningham LA. Functional and Structural Correlates of Impaired Enrichment-Mediated Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Brain Plast 2020; 6:67-82. [PMID: 33680847 PMCID: PMC7902980 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are associated with a wide range of cognitive deficiencies. Objective: We previously
found that gestational exposure to moderate levels of alcohol in mice throughout the 1st-2nd human trimester-equivalents
for brain development results in profound impairment of the hippocampal neurogenic response to enriched environment
(EE) in adulthood, without altering baseline neurogenesis rate under standard housing (SH). However, the functional and
structural consequences of impaired EE-mediated neurogenesis in the context of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have
not been determined. Results: Here, we demonstrate that PAE-EE mice display impaired performance on a neurogenesis-dependent
pattern discrimination task, broadened behavioral activation of the dentate gyrus, as assessed by expression of the immediate
early gene, c-Fos, and impaired dendritic branching of adult-generated dentate granule cells (aDGCs). Conclusions: These studies further underscore the impact of moderate gestational alcohol exposure on adult hippocampal plasticity and support adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to remediate certain neurological outcomes in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly Gustus
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessie Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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64
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Hui CW, Vecchiarelli HA, Gervais É, Luo X, Michaud F, Scheefhals L, Bisht K, Sharma K, Topolnik L, Tremblay MÈ. Sex Differences of Microglia and Synapses in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adult Mouse Offspring Exposed to Maternal Immune Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:558181. [PMID: 33192308 PMCID: PMC7593822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.558181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder affecting ∼1% of humans worldwide. It is earlier and more frequently diagnosed in men than woman, and men display more pronounced negative symptoms together with greater gray matter reductions. Our previous findings utilizing a maternal immune activation (mIA) mouse model of schizophrenia revealed exacerbated anxiety-like behavior and sensorimotor gating deficits in adult male offspring that were associated with increased microglial reactivity and inflammation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). However, both male and female adult offspring displayed stereotypy and impairment of sociability. We hypothesized that mIA may lead to sex-specific alterations in microglial pruning activity, resulting in abnormal synaptic connectivity in the DG. Using the same mIA model, we show in the current study sex-specific differences in microglia and synapses within the DG of adult offspring. Specifically, microglial levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)68 and CD11b were increased in mIA-exposed females. Sex-specific differences in excitatory and inhibitory synapse densities were also observed following mIA. Additionally, inhibitory synaptic tone was increased in DG granule cells of both males and females, while changes in excitatory synaptic transmission occurred only in females with mIA. These findings suggest that phagocytic and complement pathways may together contribute to a sexual dimorphism in synaptic pruning and neuronal dysfunction in mIA, and may propose sex-specific therapeutic targets to prevent schizophrenia-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Hui
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Étienne Gervais
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Xiao Luo
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Michaud
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Scheefhals
- Master Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Topolnik
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Qu-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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65
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Sethumadhavan N, Hoang TH, Strauch C, Manahan-Vaughan D. Involvement of the Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Microscale and Macroscale Visuospatial Information Encoding. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:556645. [PMID: 33192363 PMCID: PMC7584114 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.556645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the postrhinal cortex (POR) is a critical center for the integration of egocentric and allocentric spatial information, the perirhinal cortex (PRC) plays an important role in the encoding of objects that supports spatial learning. The POR and PRC send afferents to the hippocampus, a structure that builds complex associative memories from the spatial experience. Hippocampal encoding of item-place experience is accompanied by the nuclear expression of immediate early gene (IEGs). Subfields of the Cornus ammonius and subregions of the hippocampus exhibit differentiated and distinct encoding responses, depending on whether the spatial location and relationships of large highly visible items (macroscale encoding) or small partially concealed items (microscale encoding), is learned. But to what extent the PRC and POR support hippocampal processing of different kinds of item-place representations is unclear. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined the effect of macroscale (overt, landmark) and microscale (subtle, discrete) item-place learning on the nuclear expression of the IEG, Arc. We observed an increase in Arc mRNA in the caudal part of PRC area 35 and the caudal part of the POR after macroscale, but not microscale item-place learning. The caudal part of PRC area 36, the rostral and middle parts of PRC areas 35 and 36, as well as the middle part of the POR responded to neither type of item. These results suggest that macroscale items may contain a strong identity component that is processed by specific compartments of the PRC and POR. In contrast small, microscale items are not encoded by the POR or PRC, indicating that item dimensions may play a role in the involvement of these structures in item processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Sethumadhavan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thu-Huong Hoang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Strauch
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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66
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Pillay S, Bhagwandin A, Bertelsen MF, Patzke N, Engler G, Engel AK, Manger PR. The hippocampal formation of two carnivore species: The feliform banded mongoose and the caniform domestic ferret. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:8-27. [PMID: 33016331 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Employing cyto-, myelo-, and chemoarchitectural staining techniques, we analyzed the structure of the hippocampal formation in the banded mongoose and domestic ferret, species belonging to the two carnivoran superfamilies, which have had independent evolutionary trajectories for the past 55 million years. Our observations indicate that, despite the time since sharing a last common ancestor, these species show extensive similarities. The four major portions of the hippocampal formation (cornu Ammonis, dentate gyrus, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex) were readily observed, contained the same internal subdivisions, and maintained the topological relationships of these subdivisions that could be considered typically mammalian. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was observed in both species, occurring at a rate similar to that observed in other mammals. Despite the overall similarities, several differences to each other, and to other mammalian species, were observed. We could not find evidence for the presence of the CA2 and CA4 fields of the cornu Ammonis region. In the banded mongoose the dentate gyrus appears to be comprised of up to seven lamina, through the sublamination of the molecular and granule cell layers, which is not observed in the domestic ferret. In addition, numerous subtle variations in chemoarchitecture between the two species were observed. These differences may contribute to an overall variation in the functionality of the hippocampal formation between the species, and in comparison to other mammalian species. These similarities and variations are important to understanding to what extent phylogenetic affinities and constraints affect potential adaptive evolutionary plasticity of the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashrika Pillay
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nina Patzke
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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67
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Fung CW, Guo J, Fu H, Figueroa HY, Konofagou EE, Duff KE. Atrophy associated with tau pathology precedes overt cell death in a mouse model of progressive tauopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc8098. [PMID: 33067235 PMCID: PMC7567584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) first develops in the entorhinal cortex (EC), then spreads to the hippocampus, followed by the neocortex. Overall, tau pathology correlates well with neurodegeneration and cell loss, but the spatial and temporal association between tau pathology and overt volume loss (atrophy) associated with structural changes or cell loss is unclear. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the spatiotemporal pattern of structural changes in a mouse model of AD-like progressive tauopathy. A novel, coregistered in vivo MRI atlas was then applied to identify regions in the medial temporal lobe that had a significant volume reduction. Our study shows that in a mouse model of tauopathy spread, the propagation of tau pathology from the EC to the hippocampus is associated with TBM-related atrophy, but atrophy in the dentate gyrus and subiculum precedes overt cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Fung
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Helen Y Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
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68
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Heir R, Stellwagen D. TNF-Mediated Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: From in vitro to in vivo Models. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:565841. [PMID: 33192311 PMCID: PMC7556297 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.565841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first described almost 30 years ago, homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) has been hypothesized to play a key role in maintaining neuronal circuit function in both developing and adult animals. While well characterized in vitro, determining the in vivo roles of this form of plasticity remains challenging. Since the discovery that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediates some forms of HSP, it has been possible to probe some of the in vivo contribution of TNF-mediated HSP. Work from our lab and others has found roles for TNF-HSP in a variety of functions, including the developmental plasticity of sensory systems, models of drug addiction, and the response to psychiatric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Heir
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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69
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Mander BA. Local Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:525970. [PMID: 33071726 PMCID: PMC7538792 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.525970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even prior to the onset of the prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a constellation of sleep disturbances are apparent. A series of epidemiological studies indicate that multiple forms of these sleep disturbances are associated with increased risk for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, even triggering disease onset at an earlier age. Through the combination of causal manipulation studies in humans and rodents, as well as targeted examination of sleep disturbance with respect to AD biomarkers, mechanisms linking sleep disturbance to AD are beginning to emerge. In this review, we explore recent evidence linking local deficits in brain oscillatory function during sleep with local AD pathological burden and circuit-level dysfunction and degeneration. In short, three deficits in the local expression of sleep oscillations have been identified in relation to AD pathophysiology: (1) frequency-specific frontal deficits in slow wave expression during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, (2) deficits in parietal sleep spindle expression, and (3) deficits in the quality of electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchrony characteristic of REM sleep. These deficits are noteworthy since they differ from that seen in normal aging, indicating the potential presence of an abnormal aging process. How each of these are associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, as well as neurodegeneration of circuits sensitive to AD pathophysiology, are examined in the present review, with a focus on the role of dysfunction within fronto-hippocampal and subcortical sleep-wake circuits. It is hypothesized that each of these local sleep deficits arise from distinct network-specific dysfunctions driven by regionally-specific accumulation of AD pathologies, as well as their associated neurodegeneration. Overall, the evolution of these local sleep deficits offer unique windows into the circuit-specific progression of distinct AD pathophysiological processes prior to AD onset, as well as their impact on brain function. This includes the potential erosion of sleep-dependent memory mechanisms, which may contribute to memory decline in AD. This review closes with a discussion of the remaining critical knowledge gaps and implications of this work for future mechanistic studies and studies implementing sleep-based treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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70
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Kostka JK, Gretenkord S, Spehr M, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Bursting mitral cells time the oscillatory coupling between olfactory bulb and entorhinal networks in neonatal mice. J Physiol 2020; 598:5753-5769. [PMID: 32926437 DOI: 10.1113/jp280131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS During early postnatal development, mitral cells show either irregular bursting or non-bursting firing patterns Bursting mitral cells preferentially fire during theta bursts in the neonatal olfactory bulb, being locked to the theta phase Bursting mitral cells preferentially fire during theta bursts in the neonatal lateral entorhinal cortex and are temporally related to both respiration rhythm- and theta phase Bursting mitral cells act as a cellular substrate of the olfactory drive that promotes the oscillatory entrainment of entorhinal networks ABSTRACT: Shortly after birth, the olfactory system provides not only the main source of environmental inputs to blind, deaf, non-whisking and motorically-limited rodents, but also the drive boosting the functional entrainment of limbic circuits. However, the cellular substrate of this early communication remains largely unknown. Here, we combine in vivo and in vitro patch-clamp and extracellular recordings to reveal the contribution of mitral cell (MC) firing to early patterns of network activity in both the neonatal olfactory bulb (OB) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), the gatekeeper of limbic circuits. We show that MCs predominantly fire either in an irregular bursting or non-bursting pattern during discontinuous theta events in the OB. However, the temporal spike-theta phase coupling is stronger for bursting than non-bursting MCs. In line with the direct OB-to-LEC projections, both bursting and non-bursting discharge augments during co-ordinated patterns of entorhinal activity, albeit with higher magnitude for bursting MCs. For these neurons, temporal coupling to the discontinuous theta events in the LEC is stronger. Thus, bursting MCs might drive the entrainment of the OB-LEC network during neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Kostka
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gretenkord
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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71
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Bjorkli C, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Bridging the Gap Between Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease, Model Systems, and Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:272. [PMID: 32982716 PMCID: PMC7492751 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of two proteins in fibrillar form: amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Despite decades of intensive research, we cannot yet pinpoint the exact cause of the disease or unequivocally determine the exact mechanism(s) underlying its progression. This confounds early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, which can reveal ongoing biochemical changes in the brain, can help monitor developing AD pathology prior to clinical diagnosis. Here we review preclinical and clinical investigations of commonly used biomarkers in animals and patients with AD, which can bridge translation from model systems into the clinic. The core AD biomarkers have been found to translate well across species, whereas biomarkers of neuroinflammation translate to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, there is no absolute equivalence between biomarkers in human AD patients and those examined in preclinical models in terms of revealing key pathological hallmarks of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of current but also novel AD biomarkers and how they relate to key constituents of the pathological cascade, highlighting confounding factors and pitfalls in interpretation, and also provide recommendations for standardized procedures during sample collection to enhance the translational validity of preclinical AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Bjorkli
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head, and Neck, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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72
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Soltani Zangbar H, Ghadiri T, Vafaee MS, Ebrahimi Kalan A, Karimipour M, Fallahi S, Ghorbani M, Shahabi P. A potential entanglement between the spinal cord and hippocampus: Theta rhythm correlates with neurogenesis deficiency following spinal cord injury in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2451-2467. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Solmaz Fallahi
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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73
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Fan CL, Romero K, Levine B. Older adults with lower autobiographical memory abilities report less age-related decline in everyday cognitive function. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:308. [PMID: 32847523 PMCID: PMC7449056 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals differ in how they remember the past: some richly re-experience specific details of past episodes, whereas others recall only the gist of past events. Little research has examined how such trait mnemonics, or lifelong individual differences in memory capacities, relate to cognitive aging. We specifically examined trait episodic autobiographical memory (AM, the tendency to richly re-experience episodic details of past events) in relation to complaints of everyday cognitive functioning, which are known to increase with age. Although one might predict that individuals reporting higher trait-level episodic AM would be resistant to age-related decline in everyday function, we made the opposite prediction. That is, we predicted that those with lower trait-level episodic AM would be better equipped with compensatory strategies, practiced throughout the lifespan, to cope with age-related memory decline. Those with higher trait-level episodic AM would have enhanced sensitivity to age-related cognitive changes due to their tendency to rely on their perceived above-average memory function. METHODS We tested these predictions in 959 older adults aged 50-93 using online subjective and objective measures of memory and cognitive function. Our key measures of interest were the Survey of Autobiographical Memory, a measure of autobiographical memory abilities; and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, a measure of everyday cognitive function. RESULTS In keeping with our prediction, we found that complaints of day-to-day memory slips and errors (normally elevated with age) remained stable or even decreased with age among those reporting lower trait-level episodic AM, whereas those reporting higher trait-level episodic AM reported the expected age-related increase in such errors. This finding was specific to episodic AM and not observed for other autobiographical memory capacities (e.g., semantic, spatial). It was further unaccounted for by response bias or objectively assessed cognitive abilities. CONCLUSIONS Congenitally low trait-level episodic AM may paradoxically confer a functional advantage in aging. This could be due to well-developed non-episodic strategies not present in those with higher abilities, who are more sensitive to age-related memory decline attributable to medial temporal lobe changes. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering individual differences when studying cognitive aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Fan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 4th floor, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, 9th floor, Kimel Family Building, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
| | - Kristoffer Romero
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, 9th floor, Kimel Family Building, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 4th floor, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, 9th floor, Kimel Family Building, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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74
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Foggetti A, Baccini G, Arnold P, Schiffelholz T, Wulff P. Spiny and Non-spiny Parvalbumin-Positive Hippocampal Interneurons Show Different Plastic Properties. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3725-3732.e5. [PMID: 31242406 PMCID: PMC6613043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines control synaptic transmission and plasticity by augmenting post-synaptic potentials and providing biochemical compartmentalization. In principal cells, spines cover the dendritic tree at high densities, receive the overwhelming majority of excitatory inputs, and undergo experience-dependent structural re-organization. Although GABAergic interneurons have long been considered to be devoid of spines, a number of studies have reported the sparse existence of spines in interneurons. However, little is known about their organization or function at the cellular and network level. Here, we show that a subset of hippocampal parvalbumin-positive interneurons forms numerous dendritic spines with highly variable densities and input-selective organization. These spines form in areas with reduced perineuronal net sheathing, predispose for plastic changes in protein expression, and show input-specific re-organization after behavioral experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Foggetti
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gilda Baccini
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Schiffelholz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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75
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Braak H, Del Tredici K. From the Entorhinal Region via the Prosubiculum to the Dentate Fascia: Alzheimer Disease-Related Neurofibrillary Changes in the Temporal Allocortex. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:163-175. [PMID: 31913466 PMCID: PMC6970449 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological process underlying Alzheimer disease (AD) unfolds predominantly in the cerebral cortex with the gradual appearance and regional progression of abnormal tau. Intraneuronal tau pathology progresses from the temporal transentorhinal and entorhinal regions into neocortical fields/areas of the temporal allocortex. Here, based on 95 cases staged for AD-related neurofibrillary changes, we propose an ordered progression of abnormal tau in the temporal allocortex. Initially, abnormal tau was limited to distal dendritic segments followed by tau in cell bodies of projection neurons of the transentorhinal/entorhinal layer pre-α. Next, abnormal distal dendrites accumulated in the prosubiculum and extended into the CA1 stratum oriens and lacunosum. Subsequently, altered dendrites developed in the CA2/CA3 stratum oriens and stratum lacunosum-moleculare, combined with tau-positive thorny excrescences of CA3/CA4 mossy cells. Finally, granule cells of the dentate fascia became involved. Such a progression might recapitulate a sequence of transsynaptic spreading of abnormal tau from 1 projection neuron to the next: From pre-α cells to distal dendrites in the prosubiculum and CA1; then, from CA1 or prosubicular pyramids to CA2 principal cells and CA3/CA4 mossy cells; finally, from CA4 mossy cells to dentate granule cells. The lesions are additive: Those from the previous steps persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Braak
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kelly Del Tredici
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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76
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Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a critical element of the hippocampal formation located within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in primates. The EC has historically received attention for being the primary mediator of cortical information going into and coming from the hippocampus proper. In this review, we highlight the significance of the EC as a major player in memory processing, along with other associated structures in the primate MTL. The complex, convergent topographies of cortical and subcortical input to the EC, combined with short-range intrinsic connectivity and the selective targeting of EC efferents to the hippocampus, provide evidence for subregional specialization and integration of information beyond what would be expected if this structure were a simple conduit of information for the hippocampus. Lesion studies of the EC provide evidence implicating this region as critical for memory and the flexible use of complex relational associations between experienced events. The physiology of this structure's constituent principal cells mirrors the complexity of its anatomy. EC neurons respond preferentially to aspects of memory-dependent paradigms including object, place, and time. EC neurons also show striking spatial representations as primates explore visual space, similar to those identified in rodents navigating physical space. In this review, we highlight the great strides that have been made toward furthering our understanding of the primate EC, and we identify paths forward for future experiments to provide additional insight into the role of this structure in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Garcia
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A Buffalo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; .,Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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77
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Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons Undergo Extended Development and Are Morphologically Distinct from Neonatally-Born Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5740-5756. [PMID: 32571837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1665-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During immature stages, adult-born neurons pass through critical periods for survival and plasticity. It is generally assumed that by 2 months of age adult-born neurons are mature and equivalent to the broader neuronal population, raising questions of how they might contribute to hippocampal function in old age when neurogenesis has declined. However, few have examined adult-born neurons beyond the critical period or directly compared them to neurons born in infancy. Here, we used a retrovirus to visualize functionally relevant morphological features of 2- to 24-week-old adult-born neurons in male rats. From 2 to 7 weeks, neurons grew and attained a relatively mature phenotype. However, several features of 7-week-old neurons suggested a later wave of growth: these neurons had larger nuclei, thicker dendrites, and more dendritic filopodia than all other groups. Indeed, between 7 and 24 weeks, adult-born neurons gained additional dendritic branches, formed a second primary dendrite, acquired more mushroom spines, and had enlarged mossy fiber presynaptic terminals. Compared with neonatal-born neurons, old adult-born neurons had greater spine density, larger presynaptic terminals, and more putative efferent filopodial contacts onto inhibitory neurons. By integrating rates of cell birth and growth across the life span, we estimate that adult neurogenesis ultimately produces half of the cells and the majority of spines in the dentate gyrus. Critically, protracted development contributes to the plasticity of the hippocampus through to the end of life, even after cell production declines. Persistent differences from neonatal-born neurons may additionally endow adult-born neurons with unique functions even after they have matured.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus throughout adult life and contributes to memory and emotion. It is generally assumed that new neurons have the greatest impact on behavior when they are immature and plastic. However, since neurogenesis declines dramatically with age, it is unclear how they might contribute to behavior later in life when cell proliferation has slowed. Here we find that newborn neurons mature over many months in rats and may end up with distinct morphological features compared with neurons born in infancy. Using a mathematical model, we estimate that a large fraction of neurons is added in adulthood. Moreover, their extended growth produces a reserve of plasticity that persists even after neurogenesis has declined to low rates.
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78
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Góis Morais PLA, Lima RRM, Ríos‐Flórez JA, Melo TFV, Clascá F, Souza Cavalcante J, Guzen FP, Cavalcanti JRLP, Nascimento Junior ES. Cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset monkey (
Callithrix jacchus
). J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1307-1320. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo L. A. Góis Morais
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte Mossoro Brazil
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79
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Núñez C, Callén A, Lombardini F, Compta Y, Stephan-Otto C. Different Cortical Gyrification Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Impact on Memory Performance. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:67-80. [PMID: 32277502 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study of cortical gyrification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could help to further understanding of the changes undergone in the brain during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study brain gyrification differences between healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and AD patients, and explore how cerebral gyrification patterns were associated with memory and other cognitive functions. METHODS We applied surface-based morphometry techniques in 2 large, independent cross-sectional samples, obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. Both samples, encompassing a total of 1,270 participants, were analyzed independently. RESULTS Unexpectedly, we found that AD patients presented a more gyrificated entorhinal cortex than HC. Conversely, the insular cortex of AD patients was hypogyrificated. A decrease in the gyrification of the insular cortex was also found in older HC participants as compared with younger HC, which argues against the specificity of this finding in AD. However, an increased degree of folding of the insular cortex was specifically associated with better memory function and semantic fluency, only in AD patients. Overall, MCI patients presented an intermediate gyrification pattern. All these findings were consistently observed in the two samples. INTERPRETATION The marked atrophy of the medial temporal lobe observed in AD patients may explain the increased folding of the entorhinal cortex. We additionally speculate regarding alternative mechanisms that may also alter its folding. The association between increased gyrification of the insular cortex and memory function, specifically observed in AD, could be suggestive of compensatory mechanisms to overcome the loss of memory function. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:67-80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Núñez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Callén
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Lombardini
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & Maria de Maeztu Excellence Center Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Stephan-Otto
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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80
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Sun X, Bernstein MJ, Meng M, Rao S, Sørensen AT, Yao L, Zhang X, Anikeeva PO, Lin Y. Functionally Distinct Neuronal Ensembles within the Memory Engram. Cell 2020; 181:410-423.e17. [PMID: 32187527 PMCID: PMC7166195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memories are believed to be encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons in the brain. However, it remains unclear whether there is functional heterogeneity within individual memory engrams, i.e., if separate neuronal subpopulations encode distinct aspects of the memory and drive memory expression differently. Here, we show that contextual fear memory engrams in the mouse dentate gyrus contain functionally distinct neuronal ensembles, genetically defined by the Fos- or Npas4-dependent transcriptional pathways. The Fos-dependent ensemble promotes memory generalization and receives enhanced excitatory synaptic inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex, which we find itself also mediates generalization. The Npas4-dependent ensemble promotes memory discrimination and receives enhanced inhibitory drive from local cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons, the activity of which is required for discrimination. Our study provides causal evidence for functional heterogeneity within the memory engram and reveals synaptic and circuit mechanisms used by each ensemble to regulate the memory discrimination-generalization balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Sun
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max J Bernstein
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Meizhen Meng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siyuan Rao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Polina O Anikeeva
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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81
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Winston CN, Aulston B, Rockenstein EM, Adame A, Prikhodko O, Dave KN, Mishra P, Rissman RA, Yuan SH. Neuronal Exosome-Derived Human Tau is Toxic to Recipient Mouse Neurons in vivo. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:541-553. [PMID: 30584143 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), are the defining hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms by which Aβ and p-tau are transmitted throughout the diseased brain are not yet completely understood. Interest in exosome research has grown dramatically over the past few years, specifically due to their potential role as biomarkers for staging of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Despite their diagnostic utility, the pathogenic potential of exosomes has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we use a series of recombinant tau antibodies to characterize a new model of human tau in vivo. Exosome suspensions derived from neuronally-differentiated, human induced pluripotent stem cells that express the repeat domain of tau P301L and V337M mutations (NiPSCEs) were injected into the wild-type mouse brain and pathological changes were characterized by immunostaining at one- (1 m) and two-month (2 m) post-injection. We found that tau inclusions were present throughout the brain at 2 m post-injection, which were detectable using antibodies raised against full-length tau (K9JA) and misfolded tau (MC1). Furthermore, we found that phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity was elevated 1 m post-injection, which was surprisingly normalized after 2 m. Finally, we observed extensive degeneration of neuronal dendrites in both ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi in NiPSCE treated mice. In summary, we demonstrate that exosomes are sufficient to cause long-distance propagation of tau pathology and neurodegeneration in vivo. These novel findings support an active role of exosomes in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisse N Winston
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent Aulston
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward M Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olga Prikhodko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kishan N Dave
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shauna H Yuan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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82
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Bingham CS, Mergenthal A, Bouteiller JMC, Song D, Lazzi G, Berger TW. ROOTS: An Algorithm to Generate Biologically Realistic Cortical Axons and an Application to Electroceutical Modeling. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32153379 PMCID: PMC7047217 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in computation and neuronal modeling have enabled the study of entire neural tissue systems with an impressive degree of biological realism. These efforts have focused largely on modeling dendrites and somas while largely neglecting axons. The need for biologically realistic explicit axonal models is particularly clear for applications involving clinical and therapeutic electrical stimulation because axons are generally more excitable than other neuroanatomical subunits. While many modeling efforts can rely on existing repositories of reconstructed dendritic/somatic morphologies to study real cells or to estimate parameters for a generative model, such datasets for axons are scarce and incomplete. Those that do exist may still be insufficient to build accurate models because the increased geometric variability of axons demands a proportional increase in data. To address this need, a Ruled-Optimum Ordered Tree System (ROOTS) was developed that extends the capability of neuronal morphology generative methods to include highly branched cortical axon terminal arbors. Further, this study presents and explores a clear use-case for such models in the prediction of cortical tissue response to externally applied electric fields. The results presented herein comprise (i) a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the generative algorithm proposed, (ii) a comparison of generated fibers with those observed in histological studies, (iii) a study of the requisite spatial and morphological complexity of axonal arbors for accurate prediction of neuronal response to extracellular electrical stimulation, and (iv) an extracellular electrical stimulation strength-duration analysis to explore probable thresholds of excitation of the dentate perforant path under controlled conditions. ROOTS demonstrates a superior ability to capture biological realism in model fibers, allowing improved accuracy in predicting the impact that microscale structures and branching patterns have on spatiotemporal patterns of activity in the presence of extracellular electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S. Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam Mergenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Marie C. Bouteiller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gianluca Lazzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore W. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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83
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Ikezu S, Ingraham Dixie KL, Koro L, Watanabe T, Kaibuchi K, Ikezu T. Tau-tubulin kinase 1 and amyloid-β peptide induce phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 and enhance neurite degeneration in Alzheimer disease mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:12. [PMID: 32019603 PMCID: PMC7001309 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein (pTau) in the entorhinal cortex (EC) is the earliest tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tau tubulin kinase-1 (TTBK1) is a neuron-specific tau kinase and expressed in the EC and hippocampal regions in both human and mouse brains. Here we report that collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), a critical mediator of growth cone collapse, is a new downstream target of TTBK1 and is accumulated in the EC region of early stage AD brains. TTBK1 transgenic mice show severe axonal degeneration in the perforant path, which is exacerbated by crossing with Tg2576 mice expressing Swedish familial AD mutant of amyloid precursor protein (APP). TTBK1 mice show accumulation of phosphorylated CRMP2 (pCRMP2), in the EC at 10 months of age, whereas age-matched APP/TTBK1 bigenic mice show pCRMP2 accumulation in both the EC and hippocampal regions. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and TTBK1 suppress the kinetics of microtubule polymerization and TTBK1 reduces the neurite length of primary cultured neurons in Rho kinase-dependent manner in vitro. Silencing of TTBK1 or expression of dominant-negative Rho kinase demonstrates that Aβ induces CRMP2 phosphorylation at threonine 514 in a TTBK1-dependent manner, and TTBK1 enhances Aβ-induced CRMP2 phosphorylation in Rho kinase-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, TTBK1 expression induces pCRMP2 complex formation with pTau in vitro, which is enhanced upon Aβ stimulation in vitro. Finally, pCRMP2 forms a complex with pTau in the EC tissue of TTBK1 mice in vivo, which is exacerbated in both the EC and hippocampal tissues in APP/TTBK1 mice. These results suggest that TTBK1 and Aβ induce phosphorylation of CRMP2, which may be causative for the neurite degeneration and somal accumulation of pTau in the EC neurons, indicating critical involvement of TTBK1 and pCRMP2 in the early AD pathology.
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84
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Umschweif G, Greengard P, Sagi Y. The dentate gyrus in depression. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:39-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gali Umschweif
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Rockefeller University New York NY USA
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85
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Long JM, Perez EJ, Roberts JA, Roberts MT, Rapp PR. Reelin in the Years: decline in the number of reelin immunoreactive neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex in aged monkeys with memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:132-137. [PMID: 31952867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein reelin has been implicated in both memory-related synaptic plasticity and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Aged rats with memory impairment display decreased reelin expression in layer II of the entorhinal cortex (EC) relative to memory-intact subjects, and here we tested whether this effect extends to the primate brain. Seven young adult (8-10 years) and 14 aged (27-38 years) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were examined, including 7 old animals classified as impaired based on their scores from a delayed nonmatching-to-sample recognition memory test. Histological sections spanning the rostrocaudal extent of the intermediate and caudal divisions of EC were processed by immunohistochemistry and the total number of reelin-positive neurons in layer II was estimated using design-based stereological techniques. The main finding was that the number of reelin-expressing neurons in EC layer II is decreased selectively in aged monkeys with memory deficits relative to young adult and aged subjects with intact memory. The results add to evidence implicating EC-hippocampal integrity in neurocognitive aging, and they suggest that disrupted reelin signaling may be among the mechanisms that mediate the associated vulnerability of this circuitry in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Long
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn J Perez
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary T Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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86
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Mitophagy in the Hippocampus Is Excessive Activated After Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:322-330. [PMID: 31773373 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the activation of mitophagy following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the relationship between the change with time and apoptosis. MAIN METHODS The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: Sham group, CPR24h group, CPR48h group, CPR72h group. The rat model of cardiac arrest was established by asphyxiation. We employed western blot to analyze the levels of mitophagy related proteins of hippocampus, JC-1 to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and flow cytometry to measure the rate of apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Moreover, we also intuitively observed the occurrence of mitophagy through electron microscopy. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the levels of TOMM20 and Tim23 protein were significantly decreased after CPR, which were more remarkable following 72 h of CPR. However, the protein levels of dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) and cytochrome C (Cyt-c) were strongly up-regulated after CPR. Meanwhile, the hippocampal MMP decreased gradually with time after CPR. Furthermore, we more intuitively verified the activation of mitophagy through electron microscopy. In addition, the rats of apoptosis rate of hippocampus after CPR were significantly increased, which were gradually enhanced over time from 24 h until at least 72 h following CPR. SIGNIFICANCE with the enhancement of mitophagy, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was gradually enhanced, which suggested mitophagy may be excessive activated and aggravating brain damage after CA and CPR.
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87
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Tuncdemir SN, Lacefield CO, Hen R. Contributions of adult neurogenesis to dentate gyrus network activity and computations. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112112. [PMID: 31377252 PMCID: PMC6724741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical observations, theoretical work and lesion experiments have led to the idea that an important function of the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus is pattern separation, a neural computation that ensures new memories are encoded without interference from previously stored memories that share similar features. The dentate gyrus also exhibits a unique form of neural plasticity that results from the continuous integration of newly born excitatory granule cells, termed adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the manner in which adult neurogenesis contributes to dentate gyrus network activity and computations is incompletely understood. Here, we first describe the prevailing models for the role of adult neurogenesis in dentate gyrus network function and then re-evaluate these models in the light of recent findings regarding the in vivo activity of the dentate gyrus and synaptic interactions of adult born granule cells with local circuit components, as well as, inputs, and outputs of the dentate gyrus. We propose that adult neurogenesis provides flexibility for the dentate gyrus to rapidly generate a context specific, distributed representation of important sensory stimuli such as spatial cues, which ultimately gives rise to behavioral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Nur Tuncdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Systems Neuroscience, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA.
| | - Clay Orion Lacefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Systems Neuroscience, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Systems Neuroscience, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA.
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88
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Christian KM, Ming GL, Song H. Adult neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus: Predicting function from form. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112346. [PMID: 31722241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypotheses about the functional properties of the dentate gyrus and adult dentate neurogenesis have been shaped by early observations of the anatomy of this region, mostly in rodents. This has led to the development of a few core propositions that have guided research over the past several years, including the predicted role of this region in pattern separation and the local transformation of inputs from the entorhinal cortex. We now have the opportunity to review these predictions and update these anatomical observations based on recently developed techniques that reveal the complex structure, connectivity, and dynamic properties of distinct cell populations in the dentate gyrus at a higher resolution. Cumulative evidence suggests that the dentate gyrus and adult-born granule cells play a role in some forms of behavioral discriminations, but there are still many unanswered questions about how the dentate gyrus processes information to support the disambiguation of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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89
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Lyu S, Xing H, DeAndrade MP, Perez PD, Zhang K, Liu Y, Yokoi F, Febo M, Li Y. The role of BTBD9 in the cerebral cortex and the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113111. [PMID: 31715135 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a nocturnal neurological disorder affecting up to 10% of the population. It is characterized by an urge to move and uncomfortable sensations in the legs which can be relieved by movements. Mutations in BTBD9 may confer a higher risk of RLS. We developed Btbd9 knockout mice as an animal model. Functional alterations in the cerebral cortex, especially the sensorimotor cortex, have been found in RLS patients in several imaging studies. However, the role of cerebral cortex in the pathogenesis of RLS remains unclear. To explore this, we used in vivo manganese-enhanced MRI and found that the Btbd9 knockout mice had significantly increased neural activities in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the rostral piriform cortex. Morphometry study revealed a decreased thickness in a part of S1 representing the hindlimb (S1HL) and M1. The electrophysiological recording showed Btbd9 knockout mice had enhanced short-term plasticity at the corticostriatal terminals to D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Furthermore, we specifically knocked out Btbd9 in the cerebral cortex of mice (Btbd9 cKO). The Btbd9 cKO mice showed a rest-phase specific motor restlessness, decreased thermal sensation, and a thinner S1HL and M1. Both Btbd9 knockout and Btbd9 cKO exhibited motor deficits. Our results indicate that systematic BTBD9 deficiency leads to both functional and morphometrical changes of the cerebral cortex, and an alteration in the corticostriatal pathway to D1 MSNs. Loss of BTBD9 only in the cerebral cortex is sufficient to cause similar phenotypes as observed in the Btbd9 complete knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Lyu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Xing
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark P DeAndrade
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Keer Zhang
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuning Liu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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90
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Wannan CMJ, Cropley VL, Chakravarty MM, Van Rheenen TE, Mancuso S, Bousman C, Everall I, McGorry PD, Pantelis C, Bartholomeusz CF. Hippocampal subfields and visuospatial associative memory across stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2452-2462. [PMID: 30511607 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have identified relationships between hippocampal volumes and memory performance in schizophrenia, these relationships are not apparent in healthy individuals. Further, few studies have examined the role of hippocampal subfields in illness-related memory deficits, and no study has examined potential differences across varying illness stages. The current study aimed to investigate whether individuals with early and established psychosis exhibited differential relationships between visuospatial associative memory and hippocampal subfield volumes. METHODS Measurements of visuospatial associative memory performance and grey matter volume were obtained from 52 individuals with a chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, 28 youth with recent-onset psychosis, 52 older healthy controls, and 28 younger healthy controls. RESULTS Both chronic and recent-onset patients had impaired visuospatial associative memory performance, however, only chronic patients showed hippocampal subfield volume loss. Both chronic and recent-onset patients demonstrated relationships between visuospatial associative memory performance and hippocampal subfield volumes in the CA4/dentate gyrus and the stratum that were not observed in older healthy controls. There were no group by volume interactions when chronic and recent-onset patients were compared. CONCLUSIONS The current study extends the findings of previous studies by identifying particular hippocampal subfields, including the hippocampal stratum layers and the dentate gyrus, that appear to be related to visuospatial associative memory ability in individuals with both chronic and first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M J Wannan
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sam Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian Everall
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, South Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, South Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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91
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92
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Nilssen ES, Doan TP, Nigro MJ, Ohara S, Witter MP. Neurons and networks in the entorhinal cortex: A reappraisal of the lateral and medial entorhinal subdivisions mediating parallel cortical pathways. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1238-1254. [PMID: 31408260 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to reappraise the organization of intrinsic and extrinsic networks of the entorhinal cortex with a focus on the concept of parallel cortical connectivity streams. The concept of two entorhinal areas, the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex, belonging to two parallel input-output streams mediating the encoding and storage of respectively what and where information hinges on the claim that a major component of their cortical connections is with the perirhinal cortex and postrhinal or parahippocampal cortex in, respectively, rodents or primates. In this scenario, the lateral entorhinal cortex and the perirhinal cortex are connectionally associated and likewise the postrhinal/parahippocampal cortex and the medial entorhinal cortex are partners. In contrast, here we argue that the connectivity matrix emphasizes the potential of substantial integration of cortical information through interactions between the two entorhinal subdivisions and between the perirhinal and postrhinal/parahippocampal cortices, but most importantly through a new observation that the postrhinal/parahippocampal cortex projects to both lateral and medial entorhinal cortex. We suggest that entorhinal inputs provide the hippocampus with high-order complex representations of the external environment, its stability, as well as apparent changes either as an inherent feature of a biological environment or as the result of navigating the environment. This thus indicates that the current connectional model of the parahippocampal region as part of the medial temporal lobe memory system needs to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik S Nilssen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thanh P Doan
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maximiliano J Nigro
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shinya Ohara
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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93
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Kobro-Flatmoen A, Witter MP. Neuronal chemo-architecture of the entorhinal cortex: A comparative review. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3627-3662. [PMID: 31293027 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of neuronal markers, that is, molecules selectively present in subsets of neurons, contributes to our understanding of brain areas and the networks within them. Specifically, recognizing the distribution of different neuronal markers facilitates the identification of borders between functionally distinct brain areas. Detailed knowledge about the localization and physiological significance of neuronal markers may also provide clues to generate new hypotheses concerning aspects of normal and abnormal brain functioning. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the distribution within the entorhinal cortex of neuronal markers and the morphology of the neurons they reveal. Emphasis is on the comparative distribution of several markers, with a focus on, but not restricted to rodent, monkey and human data, allowing to infer connectional features, across species, associated with these markers, based on what is revealed by mainly rodent data. The overall conclusion from this review is that there is an emerging pattern in the distribution of neuronal markers in the entorhinal cortex when aligning data along a comparable coordinate system in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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94
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Pampaloni NP, Rago I, Calaresu I, Cozzarini L, Casalis L, Goldoni A, Ballerini L, Scaini D. Transparent carbon nanotubes promote the outgrowth of enthorino-dentate projections in lesioned organ slice cultures. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 80:316-331. [PMID: 31314946 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The increasing engineering of carbon-based nanomaterials as components of neuroregenerative interfaces is motivated by their dimensional compatibility with subcellular compartments of excitable cells, such as axons and synapses. In neuroscience applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used to improve electronic device performance by exploiting their physical properties. Besides, when manufactured to interface neuronal networks formation in vitro, CNT carpets have shown their unique ability to potentiate synaptic networks formation and function. Due to the low optical transparency of CNTs films, further developments of these materials in neural prosthesis fabrication or in implementing interfacing devices to be paired with in vivo imaging or in vitro optogenetic approaches are currently limited. In the present work, we exploit a new method to fabricate CNTs by growing them on a fused silica surface, which results in a transparent CNT-based substrate (tCNTs). We show that tCNTs favor dissociated primary neurons network formation and function, an effect comparable to the one observed for their dark counterparts. We further adopt tCNTs to support the growth of intact or lesioned entorhinal-hippocampal complex organotypic cultures (EHCs). Through immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological field potential recordings, we show here that tCNTs platforms are suitable substrates for the growth of EHCs and we unmask their ability to significantly increase the signal synchronization and fiber sprouting between the cortex and the hippocampus with respect to Controls. tCNTs transparency and ability to enhance recovery of lesioned brain cultures, make them optimal candidates to implement implantable devices in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivo Calaresu
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzarini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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95
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Dentate gyrus neurogenesis across different ages in male rats: an immunohistochemical approach. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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96
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Goutierre M, Al Awabdh S, Donneger F, François E, Gomez-Dominguez D, Irinopoulou T, Menendez de la Prida L, Poncer JC. KCC2 Regulates Neuronal Excitability and Hippocampal Activity via Interaction with Task-3 Channels. Cell Rep 2019; 28:91-103.e7. [PMID: 31269453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KCC2 regulates neuronal transmembrane chloride gradients and thereby controls GABA signaling in the brain. KCC2 downregulation is observed in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Paradoxical, excitatory GABA signaling is usually assumed to contribute to abnormal network activity underlying the pathology. We tested this hypothesis and explored the functional impact of chronic KCC2 downregulation in the rat dentate gyrus. Although the reversal potential of GABAA receptor currents is depolarized in KCC2 knockdown neurons, this shift is compensated by depolarization of the resting membrane potential. This reflects downregulation of leak potassium currents. We show KCC2 interacts with Task-3 (KCNK9) channels and is required for their membrane expression. Increased neuronal excitability upon KCC2 suppression altered dentate gyrus rhythmogenesis, which could be normalized by chemogenetic hyperpolarization. Our data reveal KCC2 downregulation engages complex synaptic and cellular alterations beyond GABA signaling that perturb network activity thus offering additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Goutierre
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sana Al Awabdh
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Donneger
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emeline François
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Gomez-Dominguez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Theano Irinopoulou
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Christophe Poncer
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.
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97
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Interplay of Entorhinal Input and Local Inhibitory Network in the Hippocampus at the Origin of Slow Inhibition in Granule Cells. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6399-6413. [PMID: 31182636 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2976-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity from the entorhinal cortex propagates through the perforant path (PP) to the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) where information is filtered and converted into sparse hippocampal code. Nearly simultaneous signaling to both granule cells (GC) and local interneurons (INs) engages network interactions that will modulate input integration and output generation. When triggered, GABA release from interneurons counteracts the glutamatergic signals of PP terminals, scaling down the overall DG activation. Inhibition occurs at fast or slow timescales depending on the activation of ionotropic GABAA-R or metabotropic GABAB-R. Although postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB-R differ in their location at the synapse, mixed GABAA/B-R IPSPs can also occur. Here we describe a slow inhibition mechanism in mouse GCs recorded from either sex, mediated by GABAA/B-R in combination with metabotropic glutamate receptors. Short burst PP stimulation in the gamma frequency range lead to a long-lasting hyperpolarization (LLH) of the GCs with a duration that exceeds GABAB-R IPSPs. As a result, LLH alters GC firing patterns and the responses to concomitant excitatory signals are also affected. Synaptic recruitment of feedforward inhibition and subsequent GABA release from interneurons, also successfully trigger mixed GABA responses in GCs. Together these results suggest that slow inhibition through LLH leads to reduced excitability of GCs during entorhinal input integration. The implication of LLH in regulation of neuronal excitability suggests it also contributes to the sparse population coding in DG.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study describes a long-lasting hyperpolarization (LLH) in hippocampal granule cells. We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and an optogenetic approach to characterize this event. LLH is a slow inhibitory mechanism that occurs following the stimulation of the perforant pathway in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. We found that it is mediated via postsynaptic ionotropic and metabotropic GABA and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The duration of LLH exceeds previously described IPSPs mediated by any of these receptors. The activation of LLH requires presynaptic gamma frequency bursts and recruitment of the local feedforward inhibition. LLH defines prolonged periods of low excitability of GCs and a restrained neuronal discharge. Our results suggest that LLH can contribute to sparse activation of GCs.
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98
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Márquez F, Yassa MA. Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 31174557 PMCID: PMC6555939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Numerous advances have been made in developing biomarkers for AD using neuroimaging approaches. These approaches offer tremendous versatility in terms of targeting distinct age-related and pathophysiological mechanisms such as structural decline (e.g. volumetry, cortical thinning), functional decline (e.g. fMRI activity, network correlations), connectivity decline (e.g. diffusion anisotropy), and pathological aggregates (e.g. amyloid and tau PET). In this review, we survey the state of the literature on neuroimaging approaches to developing novel biomarkers for the amnestic form of AD, with an emphasis on combining approaches into multimodal biomarkers. We also discuss emerging methods including imaging epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and synaptic integrity using PET tracers. Finally, we review the complementary information that neuroimaging biomarkers provide, which highlights the potential utility of composite biomarkers as suitable outcome measures for proof-of-concept clinical trials with experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie Márquez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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99
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Luna VM, Anacker C, Burghardt NS, Khandaker H, Andreu V, Millette A, Leary P, Ravenelle R, Jimenez JC, Mastrodonato A, Denny CA, Fenton AA, Scharfman HE, Hen R. Adult-born hippocampal neurons bidirectionally modulate entorhinal inputs into the dentate gyrus. Science 2019; 364:578-583. [PMID: 31073064 PMCID: PMC6800071 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Young adult-born granule cells (abGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) have a profound impact on cognition and mood. However, it remains unclear how abGCs distinctively contribute to local DG information processing. We found that the actions of abGCs in the DG depend on the origin of incoming afferents. In response to lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) inputs, abGCs exert monosynaptic inhibition of mature granule cells (mGCs) through group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. By contrast, in response to medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) inputs, abGCs directly excite mGCs through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Thus, a critical function of abGCs may be to regulate the relative synaptic strengths of LEC-driven contextual information versus MEC-driven spatial information to shape distinct neural representations in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Luna
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Christoph Anacker
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nesha S Burghardt
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hameda Khandaker
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Valentine Andreu
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amira Millette
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paige Leary
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Ravenelle
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jessica C Jimenez
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine A Denny
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andre A Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Reyes A, Kaestner E, Bahrami N, Balachandra A, Hegde M, Paul BM, Hermann B, McDonald CR. Cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy are associated with distinct patterns of white matter network abnormalities. Neurology 2019; 92:e1957-e1968. [PMID: 30918094 PMCID: PMC6511080 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify distinct cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and evaluate patterns of white matter (WM) network alterations associated with each phenotype. METHODS Seventy patients with TLE were characterized into 4 distinct cognitive phenotypes based on patterns of impairment in language and verbal memory measures (language and memory impaired, memory impaired only, language impaired only, no impairment). Diffusion tensor imaging was obtained in all patients and in 46 healthy controls (HC). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the WM directly beneath neocortex (i.e., superficial WM [SWM]) and of deep WM tracts associated with memory and language were calculated for each phenotype. Regional and network-based SWM analyses were performed across phenotypes. RESULTS The language and memory impaired group and the memory impaired group showed distinct patterns of microstructural abnormalities in SWM relative to HC. In addition, the language and memory impaired group showed widespread alterations in WM tracts and altered global SWM network topology. Patients with isolated language impairment exhibited poor network structure within perisylvian cortex, despite relatively intact global SWM network structure, whereas patients with no impairment appeared similar to HC across all measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a differential pattern of WM microstructural abnormalities across distinct cognitive phenotypes in TLE that can be appreciated at both the regional and network levels. These findings not only help to unravel the underlying neurobiology associated with cognitive impairment in TLE, but they could also aid in establishing cognitive taxonomies or in the prediction of cognitive course in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Reyes
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Erik Kaestner
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Naeim Bahrami
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Akshara Balachandra
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Manu Hegde
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Brianna M Paul
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- From the San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (A.R.); Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (A.R., E.K., N.B., A.B., C.R.M.) and Department of Psychiatry (C.R.M.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Neurology (M.H., B.M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (M.H., B.M.P.), San Francisco; Matthews Neuropsychology Section (B.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; and UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (C.R.M.), San Diego, CA.
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