51
|
Maruyama K, Chujo D, Watanabe K, Kawabe A, Sugiyama T, Ohsugi M, Tanabe A, Ueki K, Kajio H. Evaluation of cellular and humoral autoimmunity before the development of type 1 diabetes in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1108-1111. [PMID: 30588765 PMCID: PMC6626996 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 64-year-old woman developed type 1 diabetes 23 years after the diagnosis of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. To investigate the etiological interaction between idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and type 1 diabetes, we carried out a longitudinal analysis related to islet-specific autoimmunity. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody had been already weakly positive for at least 16 years and started rising at 6 months before the onset of type 1 diabetes. The seroconversion of anti-insulinoma-associated antigen-2 antibody and insulin autoantibody occurred at the time of onset. The ratio of CD8/CD4 had been gradually increasing for 8 years before type 1 diabetes onset. Notably, islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected at type 1 diabetes onset, and the frequency was higher than that in 15 non-diabetic controls (6.75% vs 0.49 ± 0.78%, mean ± SD). The present type 1 diabetes patient, presented with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and showed an elevated number of CD8+ T cells, including the islet antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that might contribute to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Maruyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang J, Wang Y, Aili A, Sun X, Pang X, Ge Q, Zhang Y, Jin R. Th1 Biased Progressive Autoimmunity in Aged Aire-Deficient Mice Accelerated Thymic Epithelial Cell Senescence. Aging Dis 2019; 10:497-509. [PMID: 31164995 PMCID: PMC6538216 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, are frequently associated with premature aging of the thymus, a direct link is missing between autoimmunity and thymic atrophy. Here we monitored the progression of thymic involution in Aire-deficient mice, in which defective negative selection causes spontaneous and progressive development of autoimmunity. In young and middle-aged mice, Aire deficiency appeared to be protective as supported by the reduced β-gal+ epithelial cells and the enhanced thymic output. However, once the autoimmune phenotype was fully developed in aged Aire-deficient mice, their thymuses underwent accelerated involution. In comparison to the age-matched wildtype littermates, old Aire-deficient mice showed lower numbers of total thymocytes and recent thymic emigrants but more β-gal+ thymic epithelial cells. This phenomenon may partly be attributable to the increased number of activated Th1 cells homing to the thymus. This speculation was further supported by the enhanced thymic aging following repeated challenges with complete Freund’s adjuvant immunization. Taken together, the present study highlights a unique mechanism by which autoimmunity facilitates the senescence of thymic epithelial cells through returning Th1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Abudureyimujiang Aili
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Coles AJ, Azzopardi L, Kousin-Ezewu O, Mullay HK, Thompson SA, Jarvis L, Davies J, Howlett S, Rainbow D, Babar J, Sadler TJ, Brown JWL, Needham E, May K, Georgieva ZG, Handel AE, Maio S, Deadman M, Rota I, Holländer G, Dawson S, Jayne D, Seggewiss-Bernhardt R, Douek DC, Isaacs JD, Jones JL. Keratinocyte growth factor impairs human thymic recovery from lymphopenia. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125377. [PMID: 31063156 PMCID: PMC6629095 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphocyte-depleting antibody alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); however 50% of patients develop novel autoimmunity post-treatment. Most at risk are individuals who reconstitute their T-cell pool by proliferating residual cells, rather than producing new T-cells in the thymus; raising the possibility that autoimmunity might be prevented by increasing thymopoiesis. Keratinocyte growth factor (palifermin) promotes thymopoiesis in non-human primates. METHODS Following a dose-tolerability sub-study, individuals with RRMS (duration ≤10 years; expanded disability status scale ≤5·0; with ≥2 relapses in the previous 2 years) were randomised to placebo or 180mcg/kg/day palifermin, given for 3 days immediately prior to and after each cycle of alemtuzumab, with repeat doses at M1 and M3. The interim primary endpoint was naïve CD4+ T-cell count at M6. Exploratory endpoints included: number of recent thymic-emigrants (RTEs) and signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs)/mL of blood. The trial primary endpoint was incidence of autoimmunity at M30. FINDINGS At M6, individuals receiving palifermin had fewer naïve CD4+T-cells (2.229x107/L vs. 7.733x107/L; p=0.007), RTEs (16% vs. 34%) and sjTRECs/mL (1100 vs. 3396), leading to protocol-defined termination of recruitment. No difference was observed in the rate of autoimmunity between the two groupsConclusion: In contrast to animal studies, palifermin reduced thymopoiesis in our patients. These results offer a note of caution to those using palifermin to promote thymopoiesis in other settings, particularly in the oncology/haematology setting where alemtuzumab is often used as part of the conditioning regime. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01712945Funding: MRC and Moulton Charitable Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Azzopardi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Onajite Kousin-Ezewu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet Kaur Mullay
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Aj Thompson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Davies
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Howlett
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rainbow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Babar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Sadler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J William L Brown
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Needham
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen May
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zoya G Georgieva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefano Maio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Deadman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Rota
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Holländer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dawson
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Seggewiss-Bernhardt
- University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Soziastiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Daniel C Douek
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, and Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Dwyer CJ, Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Arhontoulis DC, Bartee E, Li Z, Rubinstein MP, Paulos CM. Fueling Cancer Immunotherapy With Common Gamma Chain Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30842774 PMCID: PMC6391336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes redirected with antigen receptors (CAR or TCR) has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Although CAR T cell therapy mediates robust responses in patients with hematological malignancies, this approach has been less effective for treating patients with solid tumors. Additionally, toxicities post T cell infusion highlight the need for safer ACT protocols. Current protocols traditionally expand T lymphocytes isolated from patient tumors or from peripheral blood to large magnitudes in the presence of high dose IL-2 prior to infusion. Unfortunately, this expansion protocol differentiates T cells to a full effector or terminal phenotype in vitro, consequently reducing their long-term survival and antitumor effectiveness in vivo. Post-infusion, T cells face further obstacles limiting their persistence and function within the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic manipulation of T cells with common γ chain cytokines, which are critical growth factors for T cells, may be the key to bypass such immunological hurdles. Herein, we discuss the primary functions of the common γ chain cytokines impacting T cell survival and memory and then elaborate on how these distinct cytokines have been used to augment T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Dimitrios C Arhontoulis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Goropevšek A, Holcar M, Pahor A, Avčin T. STAT signaling as a marker of SLE disease severity and implications for clinical therapy. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:144-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
56
|
Suryadevara CM, Desai R, Farber SH, Choi BD, Swartz AM, Shen SH, Gedeon PC, Snyder DJ, Herndon JE, Healy P, Reap EA, Archer GE, Fecci PE, Sampson JH, Sanchez-Perez L. Preventing Lck Activation in CAR T Cells Confers Treg Resistance but Requires 4-1BB Signaling for Them to Persist and Treat Solid Tumors in Nonlymphodepleted Hosts. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:358-368. [PMID: 30425092 PMCID: PMC6390292 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise against solid tumors, but their efficacy has been limited, due in part, to immunosuppression by CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although lymphodepletion is commonly used to deplete Tregs, these regimens are nonspecific, toxic, and provide only a narrow window before Tregs repopulate hosts. Importantly, CARs have also been shown to inadvertently potentiate Tregs by providing a source of IL2 for Treg consumption. We explored whether disruption of the IL2 axis would confer efficacy against solid tumors without the need for lymphodepletion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed second- (CD28z) and third- (CD28-4-1BBz) generation CARs targeting EGFRvIII. To eliminate secretion of IL2, 2 amino acid substitutions were introduced in the PYAP Lck-binding motif of the CD28 domain (ΔCD28). We evaluated CARs against B16 melanomas expressing EGFRvIII. RESULTS CD28z CARs failed to engraft in vivo. Although 4-1BB addition improved expansion, CD28-4-1BBz CARs required lymphodepletion to treat solid tumors. CARs deficient in Lck signaling, however, significantly retarded tumor growth without a need for lymphodepletion and this was dependent on inclusion of 4-1BB. To evaluate CAR vulnerability to Tregs, we lymphodepleted mice and transferred CARs alone or with purified Tregs. Cotransfer with Tregs abrogated the efficacy of CD28-4-1BBz CARs, whereas the efficacy of ΔCD28-4-1BBz CARs remained unperturbed. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of lymphodepletion, CARs targeting solid tumors are hindered by Treg immunosuppression and poor persistence. Here, CARs were modified to circumvent Treg suppression and to simultaneously improve in vivo engraftment. Modified CARs treated solid tumors without a need for lymphodepletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter M Suryadevara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - S Harrison Farber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam M Swartz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Steven H Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick C Gedeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David J Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James E Herndon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Healy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth A Reap
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gary E Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fukushima Y, Minato N, Hattori M. The impact of senescence-associated T cells on immunosenescence and age-related disorders. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:24. [PMID: 30603051 PMCID: PMC6304761 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is age-associated changes in the immunological functions, including diminished acquired immunity against infection, pro-inflammatory traits, and increased risk of autoimmunity. The proportions of memory-phenotype T cells in the peripheral T cell population steadily increase with age, but the relationship between this change and immunosenescent phenotypes remains elusive. Recently, we identified a minor memory-phenotype CD4+ T cell subpopulation that constitutively expressed PD-1 and CD153 as a bona fide age-dependent T cell population; we termed these cells senescence-associated T (SA-T) cells. SA-T cells exhibit characteristic features of cellular senescence, with defective T cell receptor-mediated proliferation and T cell cytokine production. However, upon T cell receptor stimulation, SA-T cells secrete abundant atypical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as osteopontin and chemokines, reminiscent of the SA-secretory phenotype. In addition to aging, SA-T cells accumulate and cause persistent inflammation in tissues following a wide range of insults including immune complex deposition, metabolic stresses, vascular damages, and tumors. In this review, we summarize the recent understanding of immunosenescence with particular focus on SA-T cells and their role in various age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fukushima
- 1Department of Immunosenescence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- 2DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Masakazu Hattori
- 1Department of Immunosenescence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Katsavos S, Coles A. Alemtuzumab as Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a032029. [PMID: 29500306 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab, the first monoclonal antibody to be used as a therapy and the first to be humanized, was introduced into the treatment of multiple sclerosis in 1991 after its successful use in hematology, oncology, and transplantation medicine. One phase 2 and two phase 3 trials of this lymphocyte-depleting agent have established alemtuzumab's superior efficacy to interferon β-1a over the short term (2-3 years) with greater relapse rate reduction, reduced accumulation of disability, and more frequent sustained improvement in disability. Longer-term extension studies show durable effects on slowing cerebral atrophy over 6 years and maintained low relapse rates over 10 years, despite roughly half of patients not needing further dosing. Homeostatic proliferation of residual T cells after alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia is probably responsible for its most common side effects: secondary autoimmunity 1 or 2 years after the last infusion of alemtuzumab affecting the thyroid gland (30% of patients), platelets (1%), or renal glomeruli (0.1%). With the prerequisite of patient and physician adherence to a prolonged safety-monitoring protocol, alemtuzumab offers durable high efficacy from infrequent dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serafeim Katsavos
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Vogelzang A, Guerrini MM, Minato N, Fagarasan S. Microbiota - an amplifier of autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:15-21. [PMID: 30248521 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies describe dysbiosis as a change in the microbiota that accompanies autoimmune illnesses, but little is known about whether these changes are a cause or consequence of an altered immune state. The immune system actively shapes the composition of the microbiota, with divergent outcomes in healthy or autoimmune-prone individuals. The gut microbiota in turn acts as an acquired endocrine organ, influencing the physiology of the host via release of nutrients and chemical messengers. Dysbiosis arising from abnormal immune function can initiate or amplify autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms. We examine how the bidirectional relationship between resident microbes and the immune system contributes to autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vogelzang
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Matteo M Guerrini
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo Ward, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Balakrishnan A, Jama B, Morris GP. Endogenous co‐expression of two T cell receptors promotes lymphopenia‐induced proliferation via increased affinity for self‐antigen. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab0618-214rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Balakrishnan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Burhan Jama
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Gerald P. Morris
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kato A, Takaori-Kondo A, Minato N, Hamazaki Y. CXCR3 high CD8 + T cells with naïve phenotype and high capacity for IFN-γ production are generated during homeostatic T-cell proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1663-1678. [PMID: 30058200 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Naïve phenotype (NP) T cells spontaneously initiate homeostatic proliferation (HP) as T-cell output is reduced because of physiologic thymic involution with age. However, the effects of sustained HP on overall immune function are poorly understood. We demonstrated that the NP CD8+ T cell population in adult thymectomized mice showing accelerated HP has an increased capacity for TCR-mediated interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor α production, which is attributed to an increase in CXCR3+ cells in the NP CD8+ T cell population. The CXCR3+ NP CD8+ T cells developed during persistent HP with a slow cell division rate, but rarely during robust antigen-driven proliferation with a fast cell division rate. In ontogeny, the proportions of CXCR3+ cells in the NP CD8+ T cell population showed a biphasic profile, which was high at the newborn and aged stages. Upon transfer, CXCR3+ NP CD8+ T cells, but not CXCR3- NP CD8+ T cells, potently enhanced Th17-mediated inflammatory tissue reactions in vivo. Furthermore, CXCR3high NP CD8+ T cells with similar features were also detected at variable levels in healthy human blood. These results suggest that CXCR3+ NP CD8+ T cells generated during physiological HP significantly impact overall immunity at the immunologically vulnerable neonatal and aged stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Kato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Seyfarth J, Lundtoft C, Förtsch K, Ahlert H, Rosenbauer J, Baechle C, Roden M, Holl RW, Mayatepek E, Kummer S, Meissner T, Jacobsen M. Interleukin-7 receptor α-chain haplotypes differentially affect soluble IL-7 receptor and IL-7 serum concentrations in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:955-962. [PMID: 29484785 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-7 receptor α-chain (IL7RA) haplotypes are associated with susceptibility for development of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). A protective IL7RA haplotype which causes lower soluble IL-7R (sIL-7R) serum levels is hypothesized to restrict IL-7-availability for self-reactive T cells. Functional mechanisms affected by a risk-associated IL7RA haplotype are unknown. METHODS We investigated the influence of IL7RA haplotypes (tagged by rs6897932T for the protective or by rs1494555G for the risk haplotype) on sIL-7R and IL-7 serum concentrations as well as disease manifestation of children with T1D (n = 259). Possible effects of differential IL-7 serum concentrations on IL-7-mediated in vitro T cell functions (i.e. IL-7R regulation and cytokine expression) were measured in a second study group of children with T1D (n = 42). RESULTS We detected lower sIL-7R serum concentrations in children with T1D carrying protective or risk haplotypes as compared to reference haplotypes. sIL-7R levels were lowest in T1D children with the protective haplotype and lower IL-7 serum levels were exclusively detected in this study group. We found no evidence for dependency between IL-7 and sIL-7R serum concentrations and no association with T1D manifestation. Neither IL-7 nor sIL-7R serum levels were associated with mIL-7R regulation or IL-7-promoted T cell cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS Children with T1D carrying autoimmunity risk- or protection-associated IL7RA haplotypes had both lower sIL-7R serum concentrations as compared to the reference haplotype, but only T1D children with the protective haplotype had lower IL-7 serum levels. Our results suggest additional functional mechanisms of autoimmunity-associated IL7RA variants independent from sIL-7R mediated regulation of IL-7 availability for T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Lundtoft
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Förtsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Ahlert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Rosenbauer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Baechle
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cepeda S, Griffith AV. Thymic stromal cells: Roles in atrophy and age-associated dysfunction of the thymus. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:113-117. [PMID: 29278750 PMCID: PMC5869099 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrophy of the thymus, the primary site of T lymphocyte generation, is a hallmark of the aging immune system. Age-associated thymic atrophy results in diminished output of new, naïve T cells, with immune sequelae that include diminished responses to novel pathogenic challenge and vaccines, as well as diminished tumor surveillance. Although a variety of stimuli are known to regulate transient thymic atrophy, mechanisms governing progressive age-associated atrophy have been difficult to resolve. This has been due in part to the fact that one of the primary targets of age-associated thymic atrophy is a relatively rare population, thymic stromal cells. This review focuses on changes in thymic stromal cells during aging and on the contributions of periodic, stochastic, and progressive causes of thymic atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cepeda
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ann V Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Li B, Selmi C, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Ma X. The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut-liver axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:595-609. [PMID: 29706647 PMCID: PMC6079090 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells significantly outnumber human cells in the body, and the microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and, less intuitively, act on host immune responses, as demonstrated by experimental data in germ-free and gnotobiotic studies. Our understanding of this link stems from the established connection between infectious bacteria and immune tolerance breakdown, as observed in rheumatic fever triggered by Streptococci via molecular mimicry, epitope spread and bystander effects. The availability of high-throughput techniques has significantly advanced our capacity to sequence the microbiome and demonstrated variable degrees of dysbiosis in numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver disease. It remains unknown whether the observed differences are related to the disease pathogenesis or follow the therapeutic and inflammatory changes and are thus mere epiphenomena. In fact, there are only limited data on the molecular mechanisms linking the microbiota to autoimmunity, and microbial therapeutics is being investigated to prevent or halt autoimmune diseases. As a putative mechanism, it is of particular interest that the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in response to microbial stimuli enables the presentation of self-antigens, giving rise to the differentiation of autoreactive Th17 cells and other T helper cells. This comprehensive review will illustrate the data demonstrating the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and host innate and adaptive immunity, with an emphasis on how dysbiosis may influence systemic autoimmunity. In particular, a gut–liver axis involving the intestinal microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity is elucidated as a paradigm, considering its anatomic and physiological connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Raeber ME, Zurbuchen Y, Impellizzieri D, Boyman O. The role of cytokines in T-cell memory in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 283:176-193. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miro E. Raeber
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Cappello AR, Curcio R, Lappano R, Maggiolini M, Dolce V. The Physiopathological Role of the Exchangers Belonging to the SLC37 Family. Front Chem 2018; 6:122. [PMID: 29719821 PMCID: PMC5913288 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human SLC37 gene family includes four proteins SLC37A1-4, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. They have been grouped into the SLC37 family due to their sequence homology to the bacterial organophosphate/phosphate (Pi) antiporter. SLC37A1-3 are the less characterized isoforms. SLC37A1 and SLC37A2 are Pi-linked glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) antiporters, catalyzing both homologous (Pi/Pi) and heterologous (G6P/Pi) exchanges, whereas SLC37A3 transport properties remain to be clarified. Furthermore, SLC37A1 is highly homologous to the bacterial glycerol 3-phosphate permeases, so it is supposed to transport also glycerol-3-phosphate. The physiological role of SLC37A1-3 is yet to be further investigated. SLC37A1 seems to be required for lipid biosynthesis in cancer cell lines, SLC37A2 has been proposed as a vitamin D and a phospho-progesterone receptor target gene, while mutations in the SLC37A3 gene appear to be associated with congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy. SLC37A4, also known as glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT), transports G6P from the cytoplasm into the ER lumen, working in complex with either glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) or G6Pase-β to hydrolyze intraluminal G6P to Pi and glucose. G6PT and G6Pase-β are ubiquitously expressed, whereas G6Pase-α is specifically expressed in the liver, kidney and intestine. G6PT/G6Pase-α complex activity regulates fasting blood glucose levels, whereas G6PT/G6Pase-β is required for neutrophil functions. G6PT deficiency is responsible for glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib), an autosomal recessive disorder associated with both defective metabolic and myeloid phenotypes. Several kinds of mutations have been identified in the SLC37A4 gene, affecting G6PT function. An increased autoimmunity risk for GSD-Ib patients has also been reported, moreover, SLC37A4 seems to be involved in autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Grau M, Valsesia S, Mafille J, Djebali S, Tomkowiak M, Mathieu AL, Laubreton D, de Bernard S, Jouve PE, Ventre E, Buffat L, Walzer T, Leverrier Y, Marvel J. Antigen-Induced but Not Innate Memory CD8 T Cells Express NKG2D and Are Recruited to the Lung Parenchyma upon Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3635-3646. [PMID: 29632146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pool of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells is composed of Ag-induced (AI) and cytokine-induced innate (IN) cells. IN cells have been described as having properties similar to those of AI memory cells. However, we found that pathogen-induced AI memory cells can be distinguished in mice from naturally generated IN memory cells by surface expression of NKG2D. Using this marker, we described the increased functionalities of AI and IN memory CD8 T cells compared with naive cells, as shown by comprehensive analysis of cytokine secretion and gene expression. However, AI differed from IN memory CD8 T cells by their capacity to migrate to the lung parenchyma upon inflammation or infection, a process dependent on their expression of ITGA1/CD49a and ITGA4/CD49d integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Grau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Séverine Valsesia
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Julien Mafille
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Sophia Djebali
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Martine Tomkowiak
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Daphné Laubreton
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | | | | | - Erwan Ventre
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | | | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Yann Leverrier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; and
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Du X, Liu M, Su J, Zhang P, Tang F, Ye P, Devenport M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zheng P. Uncoupling therapeutic from immunotherapy-related adverse effects for safer and effective anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in CTLA4 humanized mice. Cell Res 2018; 28:433-447. [PMID: 29463898 PMCID: PMC5939041 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) confer a cancer immunotherapeutic effect (CITE) but cause severe immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAE). Targeting CTLA-4 has shown remarkable long-term benefit and thus remains a valuable tool for cancer immunotherapy if the irAE can be brought under control. An animal model, which recapitulates clinical irAE and CITE, would be valuable for developing safer CTLA-4-targeting reagents. Here, we report such a model using mice harboring the humanized Ctla4 gene. In this model, the clinically used drug, Ipilimumab, induced severe irAE especially when combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody; whereas another mAb, L3D10, induced comparable CITE with very mild irAE under the same conditions. The irAE corresponded to systemic T cell activation and resulted in reduced ratios of regulatory to effector T cells (Treg/Teff) among autoreactive T cells. Using mice that were either homozygous or heterozygous for the human allele, we found that the irAE required bi-allelic engagement, while CITE only required monoallelic engagement. As with the immunological distinction for monoallelic vs bi-allelic engagement, we found that bi-allelic engagement of the Ctla4 gene was necessary for preventing conversion of autoreactive T cells into Treg cells. Humanization of L3D10, which led to loss of blocking activity, further increased safety without affecting the therapeutic effect. Taken together, our data demonstrate that complete CTLA-4 occupation, systemic T cell activation and preferential expansion of self-reactive T cells are dispensable for tumor rejection but correlate with irAE, while blocking B7-CTLA-4 interaction impacts neither safety nor efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. These data provide important insights for the clinical development of safer and potentially more effective CTLA-4-targeting immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Du
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Juanjuan Su
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Fei Tang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Peiying Ye
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- OncoImmune, Inc., Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Pan Zheng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- OncoImmune, Inc., Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lopes N, Vachon H, Marie J, Irla M. Administration of RANKL boosts thymic regeneration upon bone marrow transplantation. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:835-851. [PMID: 28455312 PMCID: PMC5452038 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoablative treatments lead to severe damages on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which result in delayed de novo thymopoiesis and a prolonged period of T‐cell immunodeficiency. Understanding the mechanisms that govern thymic regeneration is of paramount interest for the recovery of a functional immune system notably after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Here, we show that RANK ligand (RANKL) is upregulated in CD4+ thymocytes and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells during the early phase of thymic regeneration. Importantly, whereas RANKL neutralization alters TEC recovery after irradiation, ex vivo RANKL administration during BMT boosts the regeneration of TEC subsets including thymic epithelial progenitor‐enriched cells, thymus homing of lymphoid progenitors, and de novo thymopoiesis. RANKL increases specifically in LTi cells, lymphotoxin α, which is critical for thymic regeneration. RANKL treatment, dependent on lymphotoxin α, is beneficial upon BMT in young and aged individuals. This study thus indicates that RANKL may be clinically useful to improve T‐cell function recovery after BMT by controlling multiple facets of thymic regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noella Lopes
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Hortense Vachon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Julien Marie
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) UMR INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,TGF-b and Immune Evasion, Tumor Immunology Program, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Immature Dendritic Cell Therapy Confers Durable Immune Modulation in an Antigen-Dependent and Antigen-Independent Manner in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5463879. [PMID: 29651443 PMCID: PMC5832131 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5463879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has been effective for prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice but fails to protect if initiated after active autoimmunity. As autoreactivity expands inter- and intramolecularly during disease progression, we investigated whether DCs unpulsed or pulsed with β cell antigenic dominant determinants (DD), subdominant determinants (SD), and ignored determinants (ID) could prevent T1D in mice with advanced insulitis. We found that diabetes was significantly delayed by DC therapy. Of interest, DCs pulsed with SD or ID appeared to provide better protection. T lymphocytes from DC-treated mice acquired spontaneous proliferating capability during in vitro culture, which could be largely eliminated by IL-2 neutralizing antibodies. This trend maintained even 29 weeks after discontinuing DC therapy and appeared antigen-independent. Furthermore, CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) from DC-treated mice proliferated more actively in vitro compared to the controls, and Tregs from DC-treated mice showed significantly enhanced immunosuppressive activities in contrast to those from the controls. Our study demonstrates that DC therapy leads to long-lasting immunomodulatory effects in an antigen-dependent and antigen-independent manner and provides evidence for peptide-based intervention during a clinically relevant window to guide DC-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
|
71
|
Sun P, Guo X, Chen Y, Zhang W, Duan H, Gao A. VNN3, a potential novel biomarker for benzene toxicity, is involved in 1, 4-benzoquinone induced cell proliferation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:323-330. [PMID: 29096305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is widely employed in the field of production, and its toxicity on biological systems has received increasing attention. Cell proliferation is a major life characteristic of living organisms. KLF15 and NOTCH1 are mature and classical genes in cell proliferation studies, particularly in the area of tumor investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of VNN3 on cell proliferation induced by 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), an important metabolite of benzene, and obtain a sensitive biomarker for the hazard screening and health care of benzene exposure. Normally growing AHH-1 cells were cultured in vitro and were incubated with different concentrations of 1,4-BQ (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 h. A CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cell viability, whereas EdU was used to detect the cell proliferation of AHH-1 cells. The expression of VNN3, KLF15 and NOTCH1 was detected by real-time PCR. Moreover, a lentiviral model was constructed in AHH-1 cells to interfere with VNN3 expression. The results showed that 1,4-BQ clearly increased the expression of VNN3. Moreover, 1,4-BQ dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and caused increased KLF15 expression; in contrast, the NOTCH1 expression decreased in AHH-1 cells. Furthermore, following interference with the VNN3 expression, the cell proliferation inhibition and the expression of KLF15 and NOTCH1 were rescued. To further investigate the action of VNN3 in benzene hematotoxicity, we assessed it in benzene-exposed workers. The results showed that there was a remarkable correlation between the VNN3 expression and hemogram, which included RBC, NEUT and HGB. In addition, analysis of the KLF15 and NOTCH1 expression showed that the VNN3 expression was related to cell proliferation, which was consistent with the in vitro results. In conclusion, VNN3 influences cell proliferation induced by 1,4-BQ by regulating the expression of KLF15 and NOTCH1. VNN3 may represent a potential biomarker of benzene toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengling Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
van den Broek T, Madi A, Delemarre EM, Schadenberg AWL, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM, Nierkens S, Redegeld FA, Otten HG, Rossetti M, Albani S, Sorek R, Cohen IR, Jansen NJG, van Wijk F. Human neonatal thymectomy induces altered B-cell responses and autoreactivity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1970-1981. [PMID: 28691750 PMCID: PMC5697610 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An association between T‐cell lymphopenia and autoimmunity has long been proposed, but it remains to be elucidated whether T‐cell lymphopenia affects B‐cell responses to autoantigens. Human neonatal thymectomy (Tx) results in a decrease in T‐cell numbers and we used this model to study the development of autoreactivity. Two cohorts of neonatally thymectomized individuals were examined, a cohort of young (1–5 years post‐Tx, n = 10–27) and older children (>10 years, n = 26), and compared to healthy age‐matched controls. T‐cell and B‐cell subsets were assessed and autoantibody profiling performed. Early post‐Tx, a decrease in T‐cell numbers (2.75 × 109/L vs. 0.71 × 109/L) and an increased proportion of memory T cells (19.72 vs. 57.43%) were observed. The presence of autoantibodies was correlated with an increased proportion of memory T cells in thymectomized children. No differences were seen in percentages of different B‐cell subsets between the groups. The autoantigen microarray showed a skewed autoantibody response after Tx. In the cohort of older individuals, autoantibodies were present in 62% of the thymectomized children, while they were found in only 33% of the healthy controls. Overall, our data suggest that neonatal Tx skews the autoantibody profile. Preferential expansion and preservation of Treg (regulatory T) cell stability and function, may contribute to preventing autoimmune disease development after Tx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo van den Broek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eveline M Delemarre
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin W L Schadenberg
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | | | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicolaas J G Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Population mechanics: A mathematical framework to study T cell homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9511. [PMID: 28842645 PMCID: PMC5573381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other cell types, T cells do not form spatially arranged tissues, but move independently throughout the body. Accordingly, the number of T cells in the organism does not depend on physical constraints imposed by the shape or size of specific organs. Instead, it is determined by competition for interleukins. From the perspective of classical population dynamics, competition for resources seems to be at odds with the observed high clone diversity, leading to the so-called diversity paradox. In this work we make use of population mechanics, a non-standard theoretical approach to T cell homeostasis that accounts for clone diversity as arising from competition for interleukins. The proposed models show that carrying capacities of T cell populations naturally emerge from the balance between interleukins production and consumption. These models also suggest remarkable functional differences in the maintenance of diversity in naïve and memory pools. In particular, the distribution of memory clones would be biased towards clones activated more recently, or responding to more aggressive pathogenic threats. In contrast, permanence of naïve T cell clones would be determined by their affinity for cognate antigens. From this viewpoint, positive and negative selection can be understood as mechanisms to maximize naïve T cell diversity.
Collapse
|
74
|
Chen QL, Li CX, Shao B, Gong ZC, Liu H, Ling B, Abasi K, Hu LL, Wang B, Yin XP. Expression of the interleukin-21 and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in Kimura disease. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:684-689. [PMID: 28108473 PMCID: PMC5537556 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of interleukin (IL)-21 and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in Kimura disease (KD) and to correlate the findings with clinical and prognostic variables. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-21 and pERK1/2 was performed in 18 cases of KD and five gender- and age-matched control samples. Clinical data were extracted and patients followed up for a mean period of 32.1 months. RESULTS After a mean follow-up period of 32.1 months (range 1-102 months), recurrence was diagnosed as the end point for seven patients-that is, a 44% (7/16) cumulative recurrence rate. In comparison with gender- and age-matched controls, patients showed strong in situ expressions of IL-21 and pERK1/2, respectively (p<0.05). Patients with strong IL-21 staining intensity and overexpression of pERK1/2 had a lower recurrence rate than those with moderate staining intensity (p=0.049, p=0.019, respectively). However, differences were not statistically significant by gender, age, eosinophils, location, multiplicity, laterality, size, duration and primary outbreak. pERK1/2 was the independent prognostic factor (p=0.020), while age, gender, eosinophils, multiplicity, laterality, size, duration, primary outbreak and expression of IL-21 were not. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the IL-21/pERK1/2 pathway is activated in KD, and pERK1/2 might be considered as a potential prognostic indicator in KD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Chen
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Keremu Abasi
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu-Lu Hu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yin
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Palaschak B, Marsic D, Herzog RW, Zolotukhin S, Markusic DM. An Immune-Competent Murine Model to Study Elimination of AAV-Transduced Hepatocytes by Capsid-Specific CD8 + T Cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 5:142-152. [PMID: 28480313 PMCID: PMC5415329 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple independent adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy clinical trials for hemophilia B, utilizing different AAV serotypes, have reported a vector dose-dependent loss of circulating factor IX (FIX) protein associated with capsid-specific CD8+ T cell (Cap-CD8) elimination of transduced hepatocytes. Hemophilia B patients who develop transient transaminitis and loss of FIX protein may be stabilized with the immune-suppressive (IS) drug prednisolone, but do not all recover lost FIX expression, whereas some patients fail to respond to IS. We developed the first animal model demonstrating Cap-CD8 infiltration and elimination of AAV-transduced hepatocytes of immune-deficient mice. Here, we extend this model to an immune-competent host where Cap-CD8 transfer to AAV2-F9-treated mice significantly reduced circulating and hepatocyte FIX expression. Further, we studied two high-expressing liver tropic AAV2 variants, AAV2-LiA and AAV2-LiC, obtained from a rationally designed capsid library. Unlike AAV2, Cap-CD8 did not initially reduce circulating FIX levels for either variant. However, FIX levels were significantly reduced in AAV2-LiC-F9-treated, but not AAV2-LiA-F9-treated, mice at the study endpoint. Going forward, the immune-competent model may provide an opportunity to induce immunological memory directed against a surrogate AAV capsid antigen and study recall responses following AAV gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Palaschak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Damien Marsic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David M. Markusic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Cho A, Bradley B, Kauffman R, Priyamvada L, Kovalenkov Y, Feldman R, Wrammert J. Robust memory responses against influenza vaccination in pemphigus patients previously treated with rituximab. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93222. [PMID: 28614800 PMCID: PMC5470882 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used to treat B cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AIBD). While rituximab fully depletes peripheral blood B cells, it remains unclear whether some preexisting B cell memory to pathogens or vaccines may survive depletion, especially in lymphoid tissues, and if these memory B cells can undergo homeostatic expansion during recovery from depletion. The limited data available on vaccine efficacy in this setting have been derived from rituximab-treated patients receiving concomitant chemotherapy or other potent immunosuppressants. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of seasonal influenza vaccine responses in AIBD patients previously treated with rituximab, who generally did not receive additional therapeutic interventions. We found that, despite a lack of influenza-specific memory B cells in the blood, patients mount robust recall responses to vaccination, comparable to healthy controls, both at a cellular and a serological level. Repertoire analyses of plasmablast responses suggest that they likely derive from a diverse pool of tissue-resident memory cells, refractory to depletion. Overall, these data have important implications for establishing an effective vaccine schedule for AIBD patients and the clinical care of rituximab-treated patients in general and contribute to our basic understanding of maintenance of normal and pathogenic human B cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease.,Emory Vaccine Center, and
| | - Bridget Bradley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Kauffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease.,Emory Vaccine Center, and
| | - Lalita Priyamvada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease.,Emory Vaccine Center, and
| | - Yevgeniy Kovalenkov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease.,Emory Vaccine Center, and
| | - Ron Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease.,Emory Vaccine Center, and
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Tormo A, Khodayarian F, Cui Y, Al-Chami E, Kanjarawi R, Noé B, Wang H, Rafei M. Interleukin-21 promotes thymopoiesis recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:120. [PMID: 28615039 PMCID: PMC5471903 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired T cell reconstitution remains a major deterrent in the field of bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) due to pre-conditioning-induced damages inflicted to the thymi of recipient hosts. Given the previously reported thymo-stimulatory property of interleukin (IL)-21, we reasoned that its use post-BMT could have a profound effect on de novo T cell development. METHODS To evaluate the effect of IL-21 on de novo T cell development in vivo, BM derived from RAG2p-GFP mice was transplanted into LP/J mice. Lymphocyte reconstitution was first assessed using a hematological analyzer and a flow cytometer on collected blood samples. Detailed flow cytometry analysis was then performed on the BM, thymus, and spleen of transplanted animals. Finally, the effect of human IL-21 on thymopoiesis was validated in humanized mice. RESULTS Using a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic BMT model, we found that IL-21 administration improves immune reconstitution by triggering the proliferation of BM Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ (LSK) subsets. The pharmacological effect of IL-21 also culminates in the recovery of both hematopoietic (thymocytes) and non-hematopoietic (stromal) cells within the thymi of IL-21-treated recipient animals. Although T cells derived from all transplanted groups proliferate, secrete various cytokines, and express granzyme B similarly in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, full regeneration of peripheral naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and normal TCRvβ distribution could only be detected in IL-21-treated recipient mice. Astonishingly, none of the recipient mice who underwent IL-21 treatment developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the MHC-matched allogeneic setting while the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect was strongly retained. Inhibition of GVHD onset could also be attributed to the enhanced generation of regulatory B cells (B10) observed in the IL-21, but not PBS, recipient mice. We also tested the thymopoiesis-stimulating property of human IL-21 in NSG mice transplanted with cord blood (CB) and found significant improvement in de novo human CD3+ T cell development. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our study indicates that IL-21 represents a new class of unforeseen thymopoietin capable of restoring thymic function following BMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tormo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Khodayarian
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yun Cui
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Edouard Al-Chami
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Reem Kanjarawi
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Noé
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Huijie Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Immunological Mechanisms of Adsorptive Cytapheresis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1417-1425. [PMID: 28432476 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study of immunological pathways involved in the onset of IBD is of fundamental importance to identify potential biological markers of disease activity and specific targets for therapy. Removing excess and activated circulating leukocytes with adsorptive cytapheresis has been shown to be a potentially effective treatment for patients with an inflamed bowel. Adsorptive cytapheresis is a non-pharmacological approach for active IBD, in which known sources of inflammatory cytokines such as activated myeloid lineage leucocytes are selectively depleted from the circulatory system. The decrease in inflammatory load caused by removing these cells is thought to enhance drug therapy and thereby promote disease remission. The benefit of cytapheresis appears to rest upon its ability to reduce levels of certain immune cell populations; however, whether this depletion results in further changes in lymphocyte populations and cytokine production needs further clarification. In this review, we aim to summarize existing evidence on the role of cytapheresis in patients with IBD, its effect on cytokine levels and cellular populations, and to discuss its potential impact on disease activity.
Collapse
|
79
|
Tselios K, Sarantopoulos A, Gkougkourelas I, Boura P. T Regulatory Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
80
|
Williams KM, Moore AR, Lucas PJ, Wang J, Bare CV, Gress RE. FLT3 ligand regulates thymic precursor cells and hematopoietic stem cells through interactions with CXCR4 and the marrow niche. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:40-49. [PMID: 28552733 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is attributed in part to impaired thymopoiesis. Recent data suggest that precursor input may be a point of regulation for the thymus. We hypothesized that administration of FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) would enhance thymopoiesis after adoptive transfer of aged, FLT3L-treated bone marrow (BM) to aged, Lupron-treated hosts by increasing murine HSC (Lin[minus]Sca1+c-Kit+ [LSK] cells) trafficking and survival. In murine models of aged and young hosts, we show that FLT3L enhances thymopoiesis in aged, Lupron-treated hosts through increased survival and export of LSK cells via CXCR4 regulation. In addition, we elucidate an underlying mechanism of FLT3L action on BM LSK cells-FLT3L drives LSK cells into the stromal niche using Hoescht (Ho) dye perimortem. In summary, we show that FLT3L administration leads to: (1) increased LSK cells and early thymocyte progenitor precursors that can enhance thymopoiesis after transplantation and androgen withdrawal, (2) mobilization of LSK cells through downregulation of CXCR4, (3) enhanced BM stem cell survival associated with Bcl-2 upregulation, and (4) BM stem cell enrichment through increased trafficking to the BM niche. Therefore, we show a mechanism by which FLT3L activity on hematopoeitic and thymic progenitor cells may contribute to thymic recovery. These data have potential clinical relevance to enhance thymic reconstitution after cytoreductive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Williams
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Institutes, Washington, DC.
| | - Amber R Moore
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Philip J Lucas
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juin Wang
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Catherine V Bare
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Abstract
Although the treatment options for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have significantly improved over the past years through the introduction of novel targeted biologic therapies, there are still some patients who suffer from refractory and potentially life-threatening courses of the disease. For these patients autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after immunoablative chemotherapy provides a promising treatment option with curative potential. Based on preclinical models, ASCT was first introduced in 1996 and has since been carried out in approximately 300 patients worldwide. Clinical study results confirmed a disease-free survival in approximately 50 % of patients after 5 years despite termination of immunosuppressive treatment. By careful patient selection and improved anti-infection prophylaxis during stem cell therapy, transplantation-associated mortality could be reduced from an initial 13 % to currently an average of 6 %. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies have provided proof of concept that ASCT not only exerts intensified immunosuppressive effects but is also associated with fundamental qualitative changes of the immune system that may rewire a chronic autoimmune system into a naïve and self-tolerant state: in other words immune reset. Overall, ASCT for SLE is still reserved for patients who do not sufficiently respond to standard therapy. Treatment should be carried out in close cooperation with centers specializing in hematology and only within the framework of clinical studies.
Collapse
|
82
|
Eri T, Kawahata K, Kanzaki T, Imamura M, Michishita K, Akahira L, Bannai E, Yoshikawa N, Kimura Y, Satoh T, Uematsu S, Tanaka H, Yamamoto K. Intestinal microbiota link lymphopenia to murine autoimmunity via PD-1 +CXCR5 -/dim B-helper T cell induction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46037. [PMID: 28443628 PMCID: PMC5405410 DOI: 10.1038/srep46037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell lymphopenia results in peripheral homeostatic expansion to maintain the T cell immune system, which is termed lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). LIP is a potential risk for expanding autoreactive clones to become pathogenic in human and murine autoimmune diseases. However, the ontogeny of T cells that induce autoantibody production by autoreactive B cells in LIP remains unclear. Transfer of CD4+CD25− conventional T (Tc) cells into T-cell-deficient athymic nude mice has been previously reported as a LIP-induced autoimmune model which develops organ-specific autoimmune diseases and systemic antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). We show here that via LIP in this model, Tc cells proliferated and differentiated into PD-1+CXCR5−/dim B-helper T cells, which promoted splenic germinal center (GC) formation, provided help for autoantibody-producing B cells, and had distinctive features of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells except that they do not express high CXCR5. Intestinal microbiota were essential for their generation, since depletion of them in recipient mice by antibiotics resulted in a reduction of LIP-induced PD-1+CXCR5−/dim B-helper T cells and an amelioration of autoimmune responses. Our findings will contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of lymphopenia-induced autoimmunity and autoantibody production, and will pave the way for microbiota-targeted novel therapeutic approaches to systemic autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Eri
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Imamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Michishita
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Akahira
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ei Bannai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kimura
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Satoh
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Davies EG, Cheung M, Gilmour K, Maimaris J, Curry J, Furmanski A, Sebire N, Halliday N, Mengrelis K, Adams S, Bernatoniene J, Bremner R, Browning M, Devlin B, Erichsen HC, Gaspar HB, Hutchison L, Ip W, Ifversen M, Leahy TR, McCarthy E, Moshous D, Neuling K, Pac M, Papadopol A, Parsley KL, Poliani L, Ricciardelli I, Sansom DM, Voor T, Worth A, Crompton T, Markert ML, Thrasher AJ. Thymus transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: European experience. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1660-1670.e16. [PMID: 28400115 PMCID: PMC5716670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymus transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of athymic complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS). Methods Twelve patients with cDGS underwent transplantation with allogeneic cultured thymus. Objective We sought to confirm and extend the results previously obtained in a single center. Results Two patients died of pre-existing viral infections without having thymopoiesis, and 1 late death occurred from autoimmune thrombocytopenia. One infant had septic shock shortly after transplantation, resulting in graft loss and the need for a second transplant. Evidence of thymopoiesis developed from 5 to 6 months after transplantation in 10 patients. Median circulating naive CD4 counts were 44 × 106/L (range, 11-440 × 106/L) and 200 × 106/L (range, 5-310 × 106/L) at 12 and 24 months after transplantation and T-cell receptor excision circles were 2,238/106 T cells (range, 320-8,807/106 T cells) and 4,184/106 T cells (range, 1,582-24,596/106 T cells). Counts did not usually reach normal levels for age, but patients were able to clear pre-existing infections and those acquired later. At a median of 49 months (range, 22-80 months), 8 have ceased prophylactic antimicrobials, and 5 have ceased immunoglobulin replacement. Histologic confirmation of thymopoiesis was seen in 7 of 11 patients undergoing biopsy of transplanted tissue, including 5 showing full maturation through to the terminal stage of Hassall body formation. Autoimmune regulator expression was also demonstrated. Autoimmune complications were seen in 7 of 12 patients. In 2 patients early transient autoimmune hemolysis settled after treatment and did not recur. The other 5 experienced ongoing autoimmune problems, including thyroiditis (3), hemolysis (1), thrombocytopenia (4), and neutropenia (1). Conclusions This study confirms the previous reports that thymus transplantation can reconstitute T cells in patients with cDGS but with frequent autoimmune complications in survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Graham Davies
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Melissa Cheung
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmeen Maimaris
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Curry
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Furmanski
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Sebire
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Halliday
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Adams
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Bernatoniene
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Bremner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Blythe Devlin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Hans Christian Erichsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Paediatric Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lizzie Hutchison
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie Ip
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Ifversen
- Paediatric Clinic II, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Despina Moshous
- Paediatric Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology Unit, Hopital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Kim Neuling
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Pac
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Papadopol
- Paediatric Clinic, Polyclinic Regina Maria Baneasa, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kathryn L Parsley
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Poliani
- Institute of Immunity and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ida Ricciardelli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiia Voor
- The Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Austen Worth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Louise Markert
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Melis D, Carbone F, Minopoli G, La Rocca C, Perna F, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Andria G, Parenti G, Matarese G. Cutting Edge: Increased Autoimmunity Risk in Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1b Is Associated with a Reduced Engagement of Glycolysis in T Cells and an Impaired Regulatory T Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3803-3808. [PMID: 28389590 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD-1b) is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutation of glucose-6-phosphate transporter and characterized by altered glycogen/glucose homeostasis. A higher frequency of autoimmune diseases has been observed in GSD-1b patients, but the molecular determinants leading to this phenomenon remain unknown. To address this question, we investigated the effect of glucose-6-phosphate transporter mutation on immune cell homeostasis and CD4+ T cell functions. In GSD-1b subjects, we found lymphopenia and a reduced capacity of T cells to engage glycolysis upon TCR stimulation. These phenomena associated with reduced expression of the FOXP3 transcription factor, lower suppressive function in peripheral CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, and an impaired capacity of CD4+CD25- conventional T cells to induce expression of FOXP3 after suboptimal TCR stimulation. These data unveil the metabolic determinant leading to an increased autoimmunity risk in GSD-1b patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melis
- Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Minopoli
- Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Generoso Andria
- Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy.,Istituto Telethon di Genetica e Medicina, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; .,Laboratorio delle Cellule T Regolatorie, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Schmitt MER, Sitte S, Voehringer D. CD4 T Helper Cells Instruct Lymphopenia-Induced Memory-Like CD8 T Cells for Control of Acute LCMV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 7:622. [PMID: 28066432 PMCID: PMC5174106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphopenic conditions lead to expansion of memory-like T cells (TML), which develop from naïve T cells by spontaneous proliferation. TML cells are often increased in the elderly population, AIDS patients, and patients recovering from radio- or chemotherapy. At present, it is unclear whether TML cells can efficiently respond to foreign antigen and participate in antiviral immunity. To address this question, we analyzed the immune response during acute low-dose infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-WE in T cell lymphopenic CD4Cre/R-diphtheria toxin alpha (DTA) mice in which most peripheral T cells show a TML phenotype. On day 8 after infection, the total number of effector T cells and polyfunctional IFN-γ and TNF-α producing CD8 T cells were three- to fivefold reduced in CD4Cre/R-DTA mice as compared to controls. Viral clearance and the humoral immune response were severely impaired in CD4Cre/R-DTA mice although CTLs efficiently killed transferred target cells in vivo. Transfer of naïve CD4 T cells but not anti-PD-L1 blockade restored the expansion of antigen-specific polyfunctional CD8 T cells and resulted in lower viral titers. This finding indicates that under lymphopenic conditions endogenous CD4 TML cell lack the capacity to promote expansion of CTLs. However, CD8 TML cells retain sufficient functional plasticity to participate in antiviral immunity in the presence of appropriate help by fully functional CD4 T cells. This capacity might be exploited to develop treatments for improvement of CD8 T cell functions under various clinical settings of lymphopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E R Schmitt
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Selina Sitte
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ezzelarab MB, Thomson AW. Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tregs to Improve Transplant Outcomes: The Promise and the Stumbling Blocks. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2016; 3:265-274. [PMID: 28529840 PMCID: PMC5435383 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-016-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of regulatory T cells (Treg) to the induction and maintenance of tolerance is well-recognized in rodents and may contribute to long-term human organ allograft survival. The therapeutic efficacy of adoptively-transferred Treg in promoting tolerance to organ allografts is well-recognized in mouse models. Early phase 1/2 clinical studies of Treg therapy have been conducted in patients with type-1 (autoimmune) diabetes and refractory Crohn's disease, and for inhibition of graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation with proven safety. The feasibility of adoptive Treg therapy in the clinic is subject to various parameters, including optimal cell source, isolation procedure, expansion, target dose, time of infusion, as well as generation of a GMP-cell product. Several phase 1/2 Treg dose-escalation studies are underway in organ transplantation. Recent evidence suggests that additional factors are critical to ensure Treg safety and efficacy in allograft recipients, including Treg characterization, stability, longevity, trafficking, concomitant immunosuppression, and donor antigen specificity. Accordingly, Treg therapy in the context of organ transplantation may prove more challenging in comparison to other prospective clinical settings of Treg immunotherapy, such as type-1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B. Ezzelarab
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Guo H, Lu L, Wang R, Perez-Gutierrez A, Abdulkerim H, Zahorchak A, Sumpter T, Reimann KA, Thomson A, Ezzelarab M. Impact of Human Mutant TGFβ1/Fc Protein on Memory and Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis Following Lymphodepletion in Nonhuman Primates. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2994-3006. [PMID: 27217298 PMCID: PMC5121100 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) plays a key role in T cell homeostasis and peripheral tolerance. We evaluated the influence of a novel human mutant TGFβ1/Fc (human IgG4 Fc) fusion protein on memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell (Tmem) responses in vitro and their recovery following antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-mediated lymphodepletion in monkeys. TGFβ1/Fc induced Smad2/3 protein phosphorylation in rhesus and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and augmented the suppressive effect of rapamycin on rhesus Tmem proliferation after either alloactivation or anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. In combination with IL-2, the incidence of CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3hi regulatory T cells (Treg) and Treg:Th17 ratios were increased. In lymphodepleted monkeys, whole blood trough levels of infused TGFβ1/Fc were maintained between 2 and 7 μg/mL for 35 days. Following ATG administration, total T cell numbers were reduced markedly. In those given TGFβ1/Fc infusion, CD8+ T cell recovery to predepletion levels was delayed compared to controls. Additionally, numbers of CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo Treg increased at 4-6 weeks after depletion but subsequently declined to predepletion levels by 12 weeks. In all monkeys, CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3hi Treg/CD4+ IL-17+ cell ratios were reduced, particularly after stopping TGFβ1/Fc infusion. Thus, human TGFβ1/Fc infusion may delay Tmem recovery following lymphodepletion in nonhuman primates. Combined (low-dose) IL-2 infusion may be required to improve the Treg:Th17 ratio following lymphodepletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Guo
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - L. Lu
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Wang
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A. Perez-Gutierrez
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H.S. Abdulkerim
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A.F. Zahorchak
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - T.L. Sumpter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - K. A. Reimann
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A.W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M.B. Ezzelarab
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Corresponding author: Mohamed B. Ezzelarab, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, E1558 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Tian Y, Zajac AJ. IL-21 and T Cell Differentiation: Consider the Context. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:557-568. [PMID: 27389961 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that IL-21 modulates the differentiation of various CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets and provide insights into the underlying cellular and molecular processes that are influenced by this cytokine. Intriguingly, the effects of IL-21 on T cells can be complex and vary depending on the experimental system used. We review our current understanding of the roles of IL-21 in the generation of phenotypically distinct CD4 and CD8 T cell populations and discuss the potential environmental cues, cellular factors, and molecular mediators that impact the actions of IL-21. We propose that IL-21 acts in a context-dependent manner to accentuate T cell subset development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA
| | - Allan J Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abe K, Takahashi A, Imaizumi H, Hayashi M, Okai K, Kanno Y, Watanabe H, Ohira H. Interleukin-21 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and severity of type I autoimmune hepatitis. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:777. [PMID: 27386263 PMCID: PMC4912506 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, the number of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells expressing interleukin (IL)-21 was found to increase in peripheral blood of human and murine models of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). IL-21, the most recently discovered member of the type-I cytokine family, exerts various effects on the immune system, including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. We aimed to assess the relationship of serum IL-21 levels in patients with type I AIH with clinical and laboratory parameters and histology. METHODS Ninety-two Japanese patients with liver disease (22 AIH, 20 primary biliary cholangitis, 19 drug-induced liver injury, 8 acute hepatitis B, 8 chronic hepatitis C, 10 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 5 viral hepatitis) and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited. Serum IL-21 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction measured mRNA levels of Bcl-6, IL-21, and CXCR5 (Tfh-related factors) in peripheral mononuclear cells. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis of AIH was 58.6 years, male-to-female ratio was 4:18, 18.2 % of participants had cirrhosis, and 22.7 % had severe disease. IL-21 levels were significantly increased in the serum of patients with AIH compared to those with other liver diseases and controls (p < 0.0001). Particularly, serum IL-21 levels were significantly increased in severe AIH cases compared to non-severe cases (p < 0.05). Serum IL-21 levels correlated positively with total serum bilirubin levels (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), grading of necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.68, p < 0.005) and negatively with serum albumin levels in patients with AIH (r = -0.49, p < 0.05). In patients with biochemical remission of AIH, serum IL-21 levels remained elevated and correlated positively with serum IgG levels (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Expression of Tfh-related factors, such as Bcl-6 and IL-21, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with AIH was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS IL-21 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of AIH, and may present a promising target for AIH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Hiromichi Imaizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Ken Okai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Yukiko Kanno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system contributes to the breakdown of immune regulation, leading to autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current therapies for T1D include daily insulin, due to pancreatic β-cell destruction to maintain blood glucose levels, suppressive immunotherapy to decrease the symptoms associated with autoimmunity, and islet transplantation. Genetic risks for T1D have been linked to IL-2 and IL-2R signaling pathways that lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance mechanisms, primarily through altered regulatory T cell (Treg) function and homeostasis. In attempt to correct such deficits, therapeutic administration of IL-2 at low doses has gained attention due to the capacity to boost Tregs without the unwanted stimulation of effector T cells. Preclinical and clinical studies utilizing low-dose IL-2 have shown promising results to expand Tregs due to their high selective sensitivity to respond to IL-2. These results suggest that low-dose IL-2 therapy represents a new class of immunotherapy for T1D by promoting immune regulation rather than broadly suppressing unwanted and beneficial immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Natasha C Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Park JH, Choi Y, Song MJ, Park K, Lee JJ, Kim HP. Dynamic Long-Range Chromatin Interaction Controls Expression of IL-21 in CD4+ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4378-89. [PMID: 27067007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
IL-21, a pleiotropic cytokine strongly linked with autoimmunity and inflammation, regulates diverse immune responses. IL-21 can be potently induced in CD4(+) T cells by IL-6; however, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene at the chromatin level. In this study, we demonstrated that a conserved noncoding sequence located 49 kb upstream of the Il21 gene contains an enhancer element that can upregulate Il21 gene expression in a STAT3- and NFAT-dependent manner. Additionally, we identified enhancer-blocking insulator elements in the Il21 locus, which constitutively bind CTCF and cohesin. In naive CD4(+) T cells, these upstream and downstream CTCF binding sites interact with each other to make a DNA loop; however, the Il21 promoter does not interact with any cis-elements in the Il21 locus. In contrast, stimulation of CD4(+) T cells with IL-6 leads to recruitment of STAT3 to the promoter and novel distal enhancer region. This induces dynamic changes in chromatin configuration, bringing the promoter and the regulatory elements in close spatial proximity. The long-range interaction between the promoter and distal enhancer region was dependent on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway but was disrupted in regulatory T cells, where IL-21 expression was repressed. Thus, our work uncovers a novel topological chromatin framework underlying proper transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hong Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Yeeun Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Song
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Keunhee Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Jong-Joo Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
Immunomodulation of the autoreactive T cell response is considered a major strategy to control beta-cell autoimmunity, both in the natural history of type 1 diabetes and in islet transplantation, which can be affected by autoimmunity recurrence. So far, these strategies have had modest results, prompting efforts to define novel cellular and molecular targets to control autoreactive T cell expansion and activation. Novel findings highlighted the important role of the homeostatic cytokine interleukin-7 in inducing proliferation and differentiation of autoreactive T cell clones that causes beta-cell autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss recent evidences and novel findings on the role of IL-7 mediated homeostatic T cell proliferation in the process of beta-cell destruction and evidences of how targeting IL-7 and its receptor could be an innovative and effective strategy to control beta-cell autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Vignali
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Monti
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Rigoni R, Fontana E, Guglielmetti S, Fosso B, D'Erchia AM, Maina V, Taverniti V, Castiello MC, Mantero S, Pacchiana G, Musio S, Pedotti R, Selmi C, Mora JR, Pesole G, Vezzoni P, Poliani PL, Grassi F, Villa A, Cassani B. Intestinal microbiota sustains inflammation and autoimmunity induced by hypomorphic RAG defects. J Exp Med 2016; 213:355-75. [PMID: 26926994 PMCID: PMC4813669 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigoni et al. report that hypomorphic Rag2R229Q mutation is associated with altered microbiota composition and defects in the gut–blood barrier and suggest that intestinal microbes may play a critical role in the distinctive immune dysregulation of Omenn syndrome. Omenn syndrome (OS) is caused by hypomorphic Rag mutations and characterized by a profound immunodeficiency associated with autoimmune-like manifestations. Both in humans and mice, OS is mediated by oligoclonal activated T and B cells. The role of microbial signals in disease pathogenesis is debated. Here, we show that Rag2R229Q knock-in mice developed an inflammatory bowel disease affecting both the small bowel and colon. Lymphocytes were sufficient for disease induction, as intestinal CD4 T cells with a Th1/Th17 phenotype reproduced the pathological picture when transplanted into immunocompromised hosts. Moreover, oral tolerance was impaired in Rag2R229Q mice, and transfer of wild-type (WT) regulatory T cells ameliorated bowel inflammation. Mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency in the gut resulted in enhanced absorption of microbial products and altered composition of commensal communities. The Rag2R229Q microbiota further contributed to the immunopathology because its transplant into WT recipients promoted Th1/Th17 immune response. Consistently, long-term dosing of broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABXs) in Rag2R229Q mice ameliorated intestinal and systemic autoimmunity by diminishing the frequency of mucosal and circulating gut-tropic CCR9+ Th1 and Th17 T cells. Remarkably, serum hyper-IgE, a hallmark of the disease, was also normalized by ABX treatment. These results indicate that intestinal microbes may play a critical role in the distinctive immune dysregulation of OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Rigoni
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia School of Medicine, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Virginia Maina
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carmina Castiello
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Mantero
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pacchiana
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Musio
- Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute, C. Besta, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosetta Pedotti
- Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute, C. Besta, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - J Rodrigo Mora
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia School of Medicine, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Askenasy N. Mechanisms of autoimmunity in the non-obese diabetic mouse: effector/regulatory cell equilibrium during peak inflammation. Immunology 2016; 147:377-88. [PMID: 26749404 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune imbalance in autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes may originate from aberrant activities of effector cells or dysfunction of suppressor cells. All possible defective mechanisms have been proposed for diabetes-prone species: (i) quantitative dominance of diabetogenic cells and decreased numbers of regulatory T cells, (ii) excessive aggression of effectors and defective function of suppressors, (iii) perturbed interaction between effector and suppressor cells, and (iv) variations in sensitivity to negative regulation. The experimental evidence available to date presents conflicting information on these mechanisms, with identification of perturbed equilibrium on the one hand and negation of critical role of each mechanism in propagation of diabetic autoimmunity on the other hand. In our analysis, there is no evidence that inherent abnormalities in numbers and function of effector and suppressor T cells are responsible for the immune imbalance responsible for propagation of type 1 diabetes as a chronic inflammatory process. Possibly, the experimental tools for investigation of these features of immune activity are still underdeveloped and lack sufficient resolution, in the presence of the extensive biological viability and functional versatility of effector and suppressor elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, Petach Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Biological effects of IL-21 on different immune cells and its role in autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2016; 221:357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
96
|
Hu Y, Wang X, Yu S, Hou Y, Ma D, Hou M. Neutralizations of IL-17A and IL-21 regulate regulatory T cell/T-helper 17 imbalance via T-helper 17-associated signaling pathway in immune thrombocytopenia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 19:723-32. [PMID: 25976230 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The imbalance of regulatory T cell/T-helper 17 (Treg/Th17) is critical for the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and IL-17A and IL-21 are overexpressed in ITP. The effects and mechanisms of IL-17A and IL-21 in Treg/Th17 imbalance and ITP pathophysiology are not clarified. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD3(+) T cells from ITP patients and healthy controls were treated with cytokines or antibodies to increase or neutralize IL-17A or IL-21 levels for 72 h. Treg/Th17 differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation and Th17 differentiation-associated transcriptional factors were analyzed. RESULTS Natural Treg/Th17 decreased in newly diagnosed ITP patients and recovered after remission. IL-17A or IL-21 increased Th17, decreased Tregs and downregulated Treg/Th17 in vitro. Conversely, neutralization of IL-17A or IL-21 decreased Th17, increased Tregs and up-regulated Treg/Th17. The reverse effects of IL-17A or IL-21 were mediated by Th17-associated transcriptional factors. IL-17A or IL-21 enhanced STAT-1, STAT-3, STAT-5 or RAR-related orphan receptor C (RORC), whereas anti-IL-17A or anti-IL-21 mAb downregulated STAT-1, STAT-5 or RORC transcripts in ITP PBMCs. Proliferation showed no significant difference. IL-21 inhibited apoptosis in ITP PBMCs. CONCLUSION IL-17A and IL-21 induce Th17 and inhibit Tregs re-differentiation via Th17-associated signaling pathway in ITP patients in vitro. It highlights the potential value of IL-17A or IL-21 blockade as a novel therapeutic target for ITP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Department of Hematology , Jinan , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kamimura D, Atsumi T, Stofkova A, Nishikawa N, Ohki T, Suzuki H, Katsunuma K, Jiang JJ, Bando H, Meng J, Sabharwal L, Ogura H, Hirano T, Arima Y, Murakami M. Naïve T Cell Homeostasis Regulated by Stress Responses and TCR Signaling. Front Immunol 2016; 6:638. [PMID: 26734005 PMCID: PMC4681834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of naïve T cells is believed to require signals from TCR–pMHC interactions and cytokines such as IL-7. In contrast, signals that negatively impact naïve T cell survival are less understood. We conducted a forward genetic screening of mice and found a mutant mouse line with reduced number of naïve T cells (T-Red mice). T-Red mice have a point mutation in the Kdelr1 gene, and their naïve T cells show enhanced integrated stress response (ISR), which eventually induces their apoptosis. Therefore, naïve T cells require a KDEL receptor-mediated mechanism that efficiently relieves cellular stress for their survival in vivo. Interestingly, naïve T cells expressing TCR with higher affinity/avidity to self-antigens survive in T-Red mice, suggesting the possible link between TCR-mediated survival and ISR-induced apoptosis. In this article, we discuss the regulation of naïve T cell homeostasis, keeping special attention on the ISR and TCR signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironao Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kokichi Katsunuma
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Bando
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Fischer HJ, Witte AK, Walter L, Gröne HJ, van den Brandt J, Reichardt HM. Distinct roles of T-cell lymphopenia and the microbial flora for gastrointestinal and CNS autoimmunity. FASEB J 2016; 30:1724-32. [PMID: 26740263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphopenia is a major risk factor for autoimmunity. Here we describe congenic Lewis (LEW) rats with a loss-of-function mutation in the Gimap5 gene, leading to a 92% reduction in peripheral T-cell numbers. Gimap5-deficient LEW rats developed eosinophilic autoimmune gastroenteritis accompanied by a 40-fold increase in IgE serum levels. This phenotype was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment, indicating a critical role of the microbial flora in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, Gimap5-deficient LEW rats showed strongly aggravated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after immunization with guinea pig myelin basic protein. This phenotype, however, persisted after antibiosis, confirming that the enhanced CNS autoimmune response in T-cell lymphopenic Gimap5-deficient LEW rats was unrelated to the composition of the microbial flora. Rather, it seems that it was caused by the 7-fold increase in the percentage of activated T cells producing IL-17 and IFN-γ, and the skewed T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, both of which were the result of T-cell lymphopenia and not affected by antibiosis. This notion was supported by the observation that adoptive T-cell transfer corrected the TCR repertoire and improved EAE. Collectively, our findings confirm a critical albeit differential role of T-cell lymphopenia in the susceptibility to organ-specific autoimmune responses.-Fischer, H. J., Witte, A.-K., Walter, L., Gröne, H.-J., van den Brandt, J., Reichardt, H. M. Distinct roles of T-cell lymphopenia and the microbial flora for gastrointestinal and CNS autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike J Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Witte
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens van den Brandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Kondo M, Tanaka Y, Kuwabara T, Naito T, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Watanabe A. SATB1 Plays a Critical Role in Establishment of Immune Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:563-72. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
100
|
PTPN2 attenuates T-cell lymphopenia-induced proliferation. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3073. [PMID: 24445916 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When the peripheral T-cell pool is depleted, T cells undergo homoeostatic expansion. This expansion is reliant on the recognition of self-antigens and/or cytokines, in particular interleukin-7. The T cell-intrinsic mechanisms that prevent excessive homoeostatic T-cell responses and consequent overt autoreactivity remain poorly defined. Here we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is elevated in naive T cells leaving the thymus to restrict homoeostatic T-cell proliferation and prevent excess responses to self-antigens in the periphery. PTPN2-deficient CD8(+) T cells undergo rapid lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) when transferred into lymphopenic hosts and acquire the characteristics of antigen-experienced effector T cells. The enhanced LIP is attributed to elevated T-cell receptor-dependent, but not interleukin-7-dependent responses, results in a skewed T-cell receptor repertoire and the development of autoimmunity. Our results identify a major mechanism by which homoeostatic T-cell responses are tuned to prevent the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|