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Inage E, Tanaka Y, Matsui K, Yamada H, Kojima M, Toriumi S, Kudo T, Baba Y, Shimizu T. Gender disparities in the pediatric allergy-related guidelines in Japan. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14941. [PMID: 34329519 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion of female authors has been noted as potentially beneficial in the development of medical guidelines. Japanese professional committees representing allergic subspecialties develop practical guidelines with recommendations to caregivers, but these committees may be influenced by their gender composition. The objective of our study was to examine the influence of gender in developing pediatric allergic disease guidelines in Japan from 1999 to 2020. METHODS We examined the gender parities among the guideline committee members in allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and food allergy guidelines in Japan. We examined the gender composition of the committees, annual trends, and differences in guideline content. RESULTS The median proportion of women members among the 22 guidelines committees was 6.6% (range: 0%-27.3%). The analysis of the quadrant period did not show a significant increase in the proportion of female members. The food allergy group had a significantly higher proportion of female members than other guidelines (P < 0.01), but the proportion decreased from 25% to 14.3% during the observation period. For the pediatric asthma guidelines, the proportion of female committee members decreased from 5.3% in the 2000 version to 0% in the most recent revision in 2017. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women on the committees that develop pediatric guidelines continues to be low and has not improved over the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Inage
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine for Mass Infection, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoko Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuki Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Toriumi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Baba
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hernández-Ruiz RE, Rosel-Gallardo EM, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221109970. [PMID: 35912432 PMCID: PMC9340893 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dentists in Spain reached equal gender representation in 2012 and the number of female dentists has continued to grow (until 57.3% in 2020). This study aims to increase evidence about the gender distribution on the high responsibility positions and opinion leaders of the dental profession and academia. Composition of the executive comities of the main dental institutions of Spain (regional professional associations, national dental association, and scientific societies), members of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada in 2020 and speakers of the main dental congresses of 2019 (due to the lack of congress in 2020) were recorded and analyzed by genders using chi-squared test (P < .05). Mean representation of female dentists in executive committees of professional associations was 35.6%. More than 70% of presidents and vice-presidents of professional colleges and more than 60% of these positions in scientific societies were occupied by male dentists. None of dental congresses of 2019 reached equal gender participation, being 81.3% of lecturers presenting on main auditoriums male dentists. Although dental workforce in Spain is slightly overrepresented by females, leadership positions and figures among Spanish dentists doesn’t seem to reflect the gender distribution of the collective. There is a lack of women occupying high-level positions in dentistry that proves the existence of the so-called “glass ceiling effect” on the profession. Further studies about sociodemographic aspects of dental workforce are needed to develop evidence-based policies for the collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío E. Hernández-Ruiz
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M. Rosel-Gallardo
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Santiago González-López
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
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Stephenson AL, Diehl AB, Dzubinski LM, McErlean M, Huppertz J, Sidhu M. An Exploration of Gender Bias Affecting Women in Medicine. Adv Health Care Manag 2021; 20:77-95. [PMID: 34779186 DOI: 10.1108/s1474-823120210000020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Women in medicine face barriers that hinder progress toward top leadership roles, and the industry remains plagued by the grand challenge of gender inequality. The purpose of this study was to explore how subtle and overt gender biases affect women physicians, physician leaders, researchers, and faculty working in academic health sciences environments and to further examine the association of these biases with workplace satisfaction. The study used a convergent mixed methods approach. Sampling from a list of medical schools in the United States, in conjunction with a list of each state's medical society, the authors analyzed the quantitative survey responses of 293 women in medicine. The authors conducted ordinary least squares multiple regression to assess the relationship of gender barriers on workplace satisfaction. Additionally, 132 of the 293 participants provided written open-ended responses that were explored using a qualitative content analysis methodology. The survey results showed that male culture, lack of sponsorship, lack of mentoring, and queen bee syndrome were associated with lower workplace satisfaction. The qualitative results provided illustrations of how participants experienced these biases. These results emphasize the obstacles that women face and highlight the detrimental nature of gender bias in medicine. The authors conclude by presenting concrete recommendations for managers endeavoring to improve the culture of gender equity and inclusivity.
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Kua KP, Lee SWH. The coping strategies of community pharmacists and pharmaceutical services provided during COVID-19 in Malaysia. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14992. [PMID: 34710264 PMCID: PMC8646361 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in profound health challenges across the globe. Pharmacists' readiness to cope with the pandemic is critical in supporting and sustaining the healthcare workforce to meet the challenges. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine community pharmacists' views on their work environment, policies and preparedness for safe retail patronage to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and assess the variables influencing coping strategies during the pandemic. SETTING An online survey of pharmacists practising in community pharmacy setting in Malaysia. METHOD A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia to evaluate coping strategies of community pharmacists and pharmaceutical services provided during COVID-19 pandemic. Between May 1 and July 31, 2020, the questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists working in community setting nationwide utilising a snowball sampling method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Community pharmacists' perceptions on safety, resilience, organisational support, and pharmaceutical services offered during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 217 pharmacists participated in the study. The vast majority of community pharmacists reported a positive outlook and were able to balance working with self-care during this period. Most reported to have access to personal protective equipment such as gloves and hand sanitisers. A large proportion of community pharmacies also installed physical barriers in doorways or in front of the counter, put markings on the ground to section areas to ensure physical distancing, and controlled the number of customers who could access the pharmacy during this period. Innovations reported to be implemented included teleconsultations and providing curb-side or drive-through delivery and pickup services. CONCLUSION The findings suggest the frontline and essential roles of community pharmacists in delivering pandemic responses, creating the opportunity to determine areas where community pharmacy services can be incorporated to strengthen the public health system and improve patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pim Kua
- Pharmacy UnitPuchong Health ClinicPetaling District Health OfficeMinistry of Health MalaysiaPuchongMalaysia
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of PharmacyMonash UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation, and Clinical Outcomes (PICO)Health and Well‐being ClusterGlobal Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) PlatformMonash UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
- Gerontechnology LaboratoryGlobal Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) PlatformMonash UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor's UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
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de Wolf A. Letter to the Editor in Response to "'What a Pretty Assistant You Have': Addressing Sex-Based Harassment by Patient Offenders in Undergraduate Medical Training". MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:2139-2140. [PMID: 34956718 PMCID: PMC8651901 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy de Wolf
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, UK
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56
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Sepúlveda-Vildósola AC, González HM, López-Sepúlveda MF, Martínez-Escobar CB. Trends in Medical Specialization and Employability in Mexico According to Gender. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:205-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gallagher S, Little JM, Hooker C. Testimonial injustice: discounting women's voices in health care priority setting. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2021; 47:744-747. [PMID: 32332153 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Testimonial injustice occurs when bias against the credibility of certain social identities results in discounting of their contributions to deliberations. In this analysis, we describe testimonial injustice against women and how it figures in macroallocation procedure. We show how it harms women as deliberators, undermines the objective of inclusivity in macroallocation and affects the justice of resource distributions. We suggest that remedial action is warranted in order to limit the effects of testimonial injustice in this context, especially on marginalised and disadvantaged groups, and propose three areas for action, whose implementation might feasibly be achieved by those immediately involved in macroallocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siun Gallagher
- Sydney Health Ethics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Miles Little
- Sydney Health Ethics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Hooker
- Sydney Health Ethics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bennie KR, Koka S. Leadership diversity in science: Women editors of dental journals are underrepresented compared to women editors of medical journals. J Dent 2021; 115:103853. [PMID: 34688780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing numbers of women are entering dentistry and medicine and it is anticipated that global leadership positions represent this demographic. In this study, the proportion of women editors of prominent medical and dental journals was compared. METHODS A list of dental and medical journals, ranked by impact factor, were obtained through Web of Science Journal Citation Reports 2020. Chief and associate editors of these journals were identified as either a woman or a man. RESULTS Ninety one dental journals had 100 editors, 15 of whom were women. There were significantly less women chief editors than men (p < 0.0001) compared to the percentage expected (global proportion of women and men dental scientists [IADR] membership: 43.72% women). Of ninety one comparable medical journals ranked by impact factor, there were 103 chief editors, 41 of whom were women. There was no significant difference in the number of men and women chief editors for medical journals (p = 0.242). There were significantly fewer women chief editors for dental journals compared to medical journals (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the mean impact factor for journals with women and men editors for dental (p = 0.556) or medical (p = 0.492) journals. For the 91 dental journals, there were a total of 828 associate editors, of whom 638 were men and 190 were women and this difference was significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that women in dental research have attained editor positions with less frequency than men indicating the presence of barriers to progress in scientific dental publishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Bennie
- Specialist prosthodontist, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sreenivas Koka
- Dean University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, Jackson, MS, USA.
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59
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See EJ, Lussier S, Jones D. Understanding factors contributing to the underrepresentation of female co-authors in intensive care publications. Aust Crit Care 2021; 34:519-521. [PMID: 34607776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J See
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Australia; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Daryl Jones
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Australia; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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60
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Lockhart KR, Blatt A. We have cracked the ceiling, but how long must we walk on broken glass? Addressing the pitfalls confronting women in surgery. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:1647-1649. [PMID: 34506060 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Blatt
- Department of Urology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Yuan S, Wang N, Wang JL, Pan J, Xue XY, Zhang YN, Ma T. Gender differences in Damp-Heat Syndrome: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112128. [PMID: 34492424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences have important biological significance for medical research. In this study, a bias towards males was identified in animal experiments of Damp-Heat Syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, as was first proposed by a data mining method. Combined with the correlation between Damp-Heat Syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine and Gender differences, it was considered that Gender-related factors have a significant influence on the development of Damp-Heat Syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. However, most traditional Chinese medicine studies ignore the key significance of Gender-related factors. This study emphasises that the development of modern traditional Chinese medicine research needs to pay full attention to the biological significance of Gender-related factors and to apply this concept to the research on the Gender equivalence strategy in basic research and the practice of personalised medical diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Jun-Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Jin Pan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Shandong Co-Innovation Centre of Classic TCM formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Shandong Co-Innovation Centre of Classic TCM formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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Tricco AC, Bourgeault I, Moore A, Grunfeld E, Peer N, Straus SE. Advancing gender equity in medicine. CMAJ 2021; 193:E244-E250. [PMID: 33593950 PMCID: PMC8034331 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Ivy Bourgeault
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Ainsley Moore
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Eva Grunfeld
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nazia Peer
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Tricco), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Sociology and Anthropology (Bourgeault), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Moore), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Grunfeld), and Department of Geriatric Medicine (Straus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Can someone look after my children while I write this COVID-19 paper? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3751-3752. [PMID: 34471935 PMCID: PMC8409266 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Mousa M, Boyle J, Skouteris H, Mullins AK, Currie G, Riach K, Teede HJ. Advancing women in healthcare leadership: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of multi-sector evidence on organisational interventions. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 39:101084. [PMID: 34430838 PMCID: PMC8365436 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are underrepresented in healthcare leadership, yet evidence on impactful organisational strategies, practices and policies that advance women's careers are limited. We aimed to explore these across sectors to gain insight into measurably advancing women in leadership in healthcare. METHODS A systematic review was performed across Medline via OVID; Medline in-process and other non-indexed citations via OVID; PsycINFO and SCOPUS from January 2000 to March 2021. Methods are outlined in a published protocol registered a priori on PROSPERO (CRD42020162115). Eligible studies reported on organisational interventions for advancing women in leadership with at least one measurable outcome. Studies were assessed independently by two reviewers. Identified interventions were organised into categories and meta-synthesis was completed following the 'ENhancing Transparency in REporting the synthesis of Qualitative research' (ENTREQ) statement. FINDINGS There were 91 eligible studies from 6 continents with 40 quantitative, 38 qualitative and 13 mixed methods studies. These spanned academia, health, government, sports, hospitality, finance and information technology sectors, with around half of studies in health and academia. Sample size, career stage and outcomes ranged broadly. Potentially effective interventions consistently reported that organisational leadership, commitment and accountability were key drivers of organisational change. Organisational intervention categories included i) organisational processes; ii) awareness and engagement; iii) mentoring and networking; iv) leadership development; and v) support tools. A descriptive meta-synthesis of detailed strategies, policies and practices within these categories was completed. INTERPRETATION This review provides an evidence base on organisational interventions for advancing women in leadership across diverse settings, with lessons for healthcare. It transcends the focus on the individual to target organisational change, capturing measurable change across intervention categories. This work directly informs a national initiative with international links, to enable women to achieve their career goals in healthcare and moves beyond the focus on barriers to solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Boyle
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Mullins
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Graeme Currie
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Warwick Business School, Warwick University, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Riach
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Units, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Abt G, Boreham C, Davison G, Jackson R, Wallace E, Williams AM. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: Policy Statement. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2847-2849. [PMID: 34407732 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1967608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Abt
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
| | - Colin Boreham
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
| | - Gareth Davison
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
| | - Robin Jackson
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
| | - Eric Wallace
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
| | - A Mark Williams
- Sports PerformancePhysical Activity, Health and ExercisePhysiology and NutritionSocial and Behavioural SciencesSports Medicine and BiomechanicsEditor-in-Chief
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Liani ML, Nyamongo IK, Pulford J, Tolhurst R. Enablers of gender equitable scientific career progression in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from the DELTAS Africa Initiative. AAS Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This paper present findings on current strategies utilised within selected Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science in Africa’ (DELTAS Africa) consortia to promote gender equitable scientific career progression for researchers, as well as participants’ recommendations for change. Findings are drawn from a wider research study nested within this health-based scientific research capacity strengthening initiative that was aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the barriers and enablers of gender equitable scientific career progression for researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We adopted an exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study design. The main method of data collection was in-depth interviews (IDIs) with trainees/research fellows at various career stages affiliated to three purposively selected DELTAS Africa Research Consortia. In addition, key informant interviews (KIIs) with consortia research leaders/directors, co-investigators, and management team were also conducted to corroborate information gathered from the IDIs, and to provide additional insights on the enabling factors/actions and policy processes that were currently in place or proposed to enhance gender equitable career progression. In total, fifty-eight IDIs (32 female and 26 male) and twenty KIIs (4 female and 16 male) were conducted. Interviews were carried out between May and December 2018 in English. Data were analysed inductively based on emergent themes, and aligned to the developed integrated conceptual framework. Results: Three overarching themes were identified. First: micro level efforts - individual coping mechanisms and familial level support. Second: Meso level efforts -existing enabling mechanisms at the institutional level. Third: proposed solutions for positive change towards enhancing gender equitable career progression at micro, meso and macro levels. Conclusions: These findings have implications for future research capacity strengthening programming, including DELTAS Africa II initiative (2021-2025); they provide valuable insights on potential strategies and actions aiming to narrow gender inequities in scientific career progression in the context of sub-Saharan African research institutions.
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Impellizzeri S, Coe IR. The complex chemistry of diversity and inclusion: a 30-year synthesis. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Margaret-Ann Armour’s career as a research chemist, educator, and advocate spanned more than 40 years. Much of her work took place within a disciplinary culture ignorant of the scholarship supporting organizational change towards inclusive excellence. Her contributions are extensively covered in other articles in this special issue, and her achievements are all the more remarkable given that her colleague, Dr. Gordon Freeman, held gender-biased attitudes that he shared in a peer reviewed article in a national science journal. Three decades later, another Canadian chemist, Dr. Tomáš Hudlický, published a peer reviewed essay in an international chemistry journal that included his views on the negative impacts of diversity initiatives on organic synthesis research. Both articles were retracted, but clearly a faulty and pervasively biased peer review system enabled the distribution of prejudiced opinions that were neither informed by demonstrated expertise, nor supported by data. These two events are reflective of challenges that Dr. Armour faced in her efforts to diversify chemical sciences. We need to build on her critical work to increasing awareness about inclusive excellence in chemistry, as well as educating scientists on what constitutes an informed opinion. Here, we use Freeman and Hudlický incidents as case studies to indicate how pervasive bias can be superficially perceived as scientific scholarship. Furthermore, we use analogies of analytical processes to illustrate how talent gets systemically excluded. Finally, we provide recommendations to chemistry community members for improving outcomes in terms of synthesis of new knowledge, ideas, and solutions, toward leveraging all the available human talent and creating an environment that is both excellent and inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Imogen R. Coe
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Armijo PR, Silver JK, Larson AR, Asante P, Shillcutt S. Citizenship Tasks and Women Physicians: Additional Woman Tax in Academic Medicine? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:935-943. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rodrigues Armijo
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie K. Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison R. Larson
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philomena Asante
- Northeastern University Health and Counseling Services, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasha Shillcutt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Quak E, Girault G, Thenint MA, Weyts K, Lequesne J, Lasnon C. Author Gender Inequality in Medical Imaging Journals and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Radiology 2021; 300:E301-E307. [PMID: 33724061 PMCID: PMC7983071 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Early reports show the unequal effect the COVID-19 pandemic might have on men versus women engaged in medical research. Purpose To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on scientific publishing by female physicians in medical imaging. Materials and Methods The authors conducted a descriptive bibliometric analysis of the gender of the first and last authors of manuscripts submitted to the top 50 medical imaging journals from March to May 2020 (n = 2480) compared with the same period of the year in 2018 (n = 2238) and 2019 (n = 2355). Manuscript title, date of submission, first and last names of the first and last authors, journal impact factor, and author country of provenance were recorded. The Gender-API software was used to determine author gender. Statistical analysis comprised χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results Percentages of women listed as first and last authors were 31.6% (1172 of 3711 articles) and 19.3% (717 of 3711 articles), respectively, in 2018-2019 versus 32.3% (725 of 2248 articles) and 20.7% (465 of 2248 articles) in 2020 (P = .61 and P = .21, respectively). For COVID-19-related articles, 35.2% (89 of 253 articles) of first authors and 20.6% (52 of 253 articles) of last authors were women. No associations were found between first- and last-author gender, year of publication, and region of provenance. First and last authorship of high-ranking articles was not in favor of North American women whatever the year (odds ratio [OR], 0.79 [P = .05] and 0.72 [P = .02], respectively). Higher rates of female last authorship of high-ranking articles were observed in Europe (P = .003) and of female first authorship of low-ranking publications in Asia in 2020 (OR, 1.38; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.92; P = .06). Female first and last authorship of COVID-19-related articles was overrepresented for lowest-rank publications (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusion One in three first authors and one in five last authors were women in 2018-2019 and 2020, respectively. Although the first 2020 lockdown did not diminish the quantity of women-authored publications, the impact on the quality was variable. ©RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Robbins and Khosa in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske Quak
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Gilles Girault
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Marie Aude Thenint
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Kathleen Weyts
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Justine Lequesne
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Charline Lasnon
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
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Schumacher C, Eliades T, Koletsi D. Gender gap in authorship within published orthodontic research. An observational study on evidence and time-trends over a decade. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:534-543. [PMID: 34128990 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the representation of female authors in senior and leading positions in orthodontic research publications, as well as the fraction of women participating in the publication reports, for over a decade. In addition, association of women representation in orthodontic research and characteristics such as journal of publication, year, study design/topic, and others, were sought. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic search was performed within three major orthodontic journals, namely the European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), and the Angle Orthodontist (ANGLE) to identify all types of research articles published within two distinct year cohorts, the 2008-10 and the 2018-20. The outcomes of interest pertained to proportion of women in senior (last) and leading (first) position, and fraction of overall participation in the author list. RESULTS A total of 2539 articles were eligible for inclusion, with an overall number of contributing authors being 11 608, of which 34.4% were female. For seniority in authorship, 30.1% (312/1038) of the publications within 2018-20 were attributed to female authors, while 25.8% (388/1501) was identified in 2008-10. Publication timeline, geographic region, and thematic topic of publication were determined as significant predictors. For leading (first) authorship, the respective percentages were 44.7% (464/1038) within 2018-20, and 34.7% (521/1501) in 2008-10. Dissemination timeline, geographic region and journal of publication were identified by the multivariable analysis, as revealing evidence of association with female leading publication authorship. Overall, the median proportion of female authors within the author list was 33.0%. CONCLUSIONS A gender gap related to Orthodontic research publications is persistent, with participation of women either as senior, or as leading authors, being suboptimal. Consistent efforts should be set in place, to facilitate more equal representation of women in research publishing, being supported by academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Schumacher
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Despina Koletsi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Jou J, Brodsky A, Charo L, Binder P, Saenz C, Eskander RN, McHale M, Plaxe S. Trends and geographic variation in women's representation as principal investigators (PI) in phase 3 gynecologic oncology clinical trials. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:389-393. [PMID: 34099315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the representation of women as principal investigators (PI) in phase 3, gynecologic oncology clinical trials. METHODS ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for all phase 3 clinical trials with start dates between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 using the search terms: "ovarian cancer", "endometrial cancer", and "cervical cancer". Trial characteristics were abstracted from the website. Gender of the PI was assessed by name, image on institutional website or by querying the trial coordinator. Trials were considered to have women's representation if women were the sole PI or among multiple co-PIs. Chi-square tests and relative risks were used to compare proportions across groups. Linear regression was used to assess trends over time. RESULTS 200 unique clinical trials were included in this analysis, of which women were represented as PI in 76 (38%). Women were more likely to be a PI of trials funded by multiple sites than a single entity (RR = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25, 2.61, p = 0.01), registered outside of Asia than those in Asia (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.11, 2.88, p = 0.02), and trials with multiple co-PIs than with one PI (RR = 1.78 (95% CI 1.18, 2.67), p = 0.01). Overall, women's representation as a PI increased by 3% annually (by year of registration, R2 = 0.61, p = 0.01). This increase was most evident in trials registered in multiple continents and Europe (both 4% annually). CONCLUSIONS Women's representation as PIs in clinical trials has increased in the last decade. Trials funded by multiple sources outside of Asia have the highest proportion of PIs who are women. These trends may represent ongoing leadership and mentorship opportunities for women gynecologic oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
| | - Allison Brodsky
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Charo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Pratibha Binder
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Saenz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ramez N Eskander
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael McHale
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Steve Plaxe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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Yong SA, Moore CL, Lussier SM. Towards gender equity in intensive care medicine: ten practical strategies for improving diversity. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2021; 23:132-136. [PMID: 38045522 PMCID: PMC10692533 DOI: 10.51893/2021.2.sc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Yong
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC. Australia
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC. Australia
| | - Cara L. Moore
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC. Australia
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Tricco AC, Bourgeault I, Moore A, Grunfeld E, Peer N, Straus SE. Promouvoir l’équité entre les genres en médecine. CMAJ 2021; 193:E664-E671. [PMID: 33941530 PMCID: PMC8112631 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200951-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Ivy Bourgeault
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Ainsley Moore
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Eva Grunfeld
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nazia Peer
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Programme d'application des connaissances (Tricco, Peer, Straus), Institut du savoir Li Ka Shing, Hôpital St. Michael, Unity Health Toronto; Division d'épidémiologie et Institut de gestion, d'évaluation et de politiques de santé (Tricco), École de santé publique Dalla Lana, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; École de sociologie et d'anthropologie (Bourgeault), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Moore), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et communautaire (Grunfeld) et Département de médecine gériatrique (Straus), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Anglade P, Ibrahim H, Abdel-Razig S. Does provider gender matter in endoscopy? An international perspective. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 93:1160-1168. [PMID: 33359436 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature on the importance of provider gender on patient-related metrics, including satisfaction, compliance, follow-up, and health-related outcomes. Studies have shown that female patients are more likely to factor gender when choosing their physicians than male patients and are much more likely to choose female physicians when provided the option of selecting providers. Early studies in this field have consistently demonstrated a significant gender preference for female endoscopists by female patients. In this perspective, we review findings from United States and international literature on patient-provider gender concordance for endoscopic procedures. We present the current state, describe our experience in an international setting in the Middle East, and offer strategies to promote the advancement of women in gastroenterology, many of which have been successfully implemented to address the health preferences and needs of our female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Anglade
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halah Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sawsan Abdel-Razig
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Sartori LRM, Henzel LT, de Queiroz ABL, Ramos EC, de Oliveira LJC, Chisini LA, Correa MB. Gender inequalities in the dental science: An analysis of high impact publications. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1379-1387. [PMID: 33855714 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the participation of women in publications of dental journals with a high impact factor. METHODS Articles published in 2016, 2011, and 2006 in 10 dental journals chosen for their highest impact factors in each dental fields were included in this research. Articles-related variables collected included the country of origin of each author, the type of study, and gender of the researchers. Gender was examined through PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and respective affiliated institutions. Furthermore, a website designed to discover the gender of names was used when the previous alternatives were not conclusive. Forward stepwise Poisson regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 3365 studies were included in the first authorship analysis and 3398 in analysis related to last authorship. The prevalence of women as first authors was 37.2% (confidence interval (CI) 95% 34.5-37.5) and as last authors was 22.6% (CI 95% 21.3-23.9). Having a woman as the last author increased the presence of women in the first author position in scientific dental articles by 16% (prevalence ratio = 1.16, CI 95% [1.04-1.29]). The year of publication, journal, and region of the author were associated with an increase in the prevalence of women as last authors. From 2006 to 2016, the prevalence of women as last authors increased by 61%. Despite these trends, women were still underrepresented in science in the evaluated period. CONCLUSIONS There are meaningful gender inequalities in publications of scientific dental papers. Encouraging women to lead research groups can reduce the inequities observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Lerchenmüller C, Schmallenbach L, Jena AB, Lerchenmueller MJ. Longitudinal analyses of gender differences in first authorship publications related to COVID-19. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045176. [PMID: 33820790 PMCID: PMC8025238 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concerns have been raised that the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted research productivity to the disadvantage of women in academia, particularly in early career stages. In this study, we aimed to assess the pandemic's effect on women's COVID-19-related publishing over the first year of the pandemic. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the gender distribution of first authorships for 42 898 publications on COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021 to 483 232 publications appearing in the same journals during the same period the year prior. We found that the gender gap-the percentage of articles on which men versus women were first authors-widened by 14 percentage points during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite many pertinent research fields showing near equal proportions of men and women first authors publishing in the same fields before the pandemic. Longitudinal analyses revealed that the significant initial expansions of the gender gap began to trend backwards to expected values over time in many fields. As women may have been differentially affected depending on their geography, we also assessed the gender distribution of first authorships grouped by countries and geographical areas. While we observed a significant reduction of the shares of women first authors in almost all countries, longitudinal analyses confirmed a resolving trend over time. CONCLUSION The reduction in women's COVID-19-related research output appears particularly concerning as many disciplines informing the response to the pandemic had near equal gender shares of first authorship in the year prior to the pandemic. The acute productivity drain with the onset of the pandemic magnifies deep-rooted obstacles on the way to gender equity in scientific contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Heart and Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Anupam B Jena
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Burton MJ, Ramke J, Marques AP, Bourne RRA, Congdon N, Jones I, Ah Tong BAM, Arunga S, Bachani D, Bascaran C, Bastawrous A, Blanchet K, Braithwaite T, Buchan JC, Cairns J, Cama A, Chagunda M, Chuluunkhuu C, Cooper A, Crofts-Lawrence J, Dean WH, Denniston AK, Ehrlich JR, Emerson PM, Evans JR, Frick KD, Friedman DS, Furtado JM, Gichangi MM, Gichuhi S, Gilbert SS, Gurung R, Habtamu E, Holland P, Jonas JB, Keane PA, Keay L, Khanna RC, Khaw PT, Kuper H, Kyari F, Lansingh VC, Mactaggart I, Mafwiri MM, Mathenge W, McCormick I, Morjaria P, Mowatt L, Muirhead D, Murthy GVS, Mwangi N, Patel DB, Peto T, Qureshi BM, Salomão SR, Sarah V, Shilio BR, Solomon AW, Swenor BK, Taylor HR, Wang N, Webson A, West SK, Wong TY, Wormald R, Yasmin S, Yusufu M, Silva JC, Resnikoff S, Ravilla T, Gilbert CE, Foster A, Faal HB. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e489-e551. [PMID: 33607016 PMCID: PMC7966694 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ana Patricia Marques
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rupert R A Bourne
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Simon Arunga
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Damodar Bachani
- John Snow India, New Delhi, India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Bastawrous
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Peek Vision, London, UK
| | - Karl Blanchet
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tasanee Braithwaite
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; The Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - John C Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John Cairns
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Chimgee Chuluunkhuu
- Orbis International, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Mongolian Ophthalmology Society, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - William H Dean
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Joshua R Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul M Emerson
- International Trachoma Initiative and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Evans
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Friedman
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João M Furtado
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Gichuhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Reeta Gurung
- Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Esmael Habtamu
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Eyu-Ethiopia Eye Health Research, Training, and Service Centre, Bahirdar, Ethiopia
| | - Peter Holland
- International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, London, UK
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Clinical and Scientific Ophthalmology and Acupuncture Jonas and Panda, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pearse A Keane
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Lisa Keay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fatima Kyari
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Van C Lansingh
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Queretaro, Mexico; Centro Mexicano de Salud Visual Preventiva, Mexico City, Mexico; Help Me See, New York, NY, USA
| | - Islay Mactaggart
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Milka M Mafwiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Ian McCormick
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Priya Morjaria
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lizette Mowatt
- University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Debbie Muirhead
- The Fred Hollows Foundation, Melbourne, Australia; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gudlavalleti V S Murthy
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nyawira Mwangi
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daksha B Patel
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Solange R Salomão
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bernadetha R Shilio
- Department of Curative Services, Ministry of Health Community Development, Gender, Elderly, and Children, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bonnielin K Swenor
- Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Aubrey Webson
- Permanent Mission of Antigua and Barbuda to the United Nation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheila K West
- Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Richard Wormald
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | | | - Serge Resnikoff
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, University of New South of Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Clare E Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Allen Foster
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hannah B Faal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Africa Vision Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
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Woodfield J, Copley PC, Hughes M, Edlmann E. The gender gap in European neurosurgical conference presentations. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E7. [PMID: 33789241 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Within neurosurgery, there are fewer women than men at all levels. The authors aimed to assess whether opportunities and representation within neurosurgery are proportional to the existing gender gap. METHODS The authors analyzed the program of the 2019 joint European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS)/Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS) conference to assess the proportions of presentations given through abstract submission and invitation by men and women. They compared proportions to the previous joint conference in 2007 and to the gender proportions of board-certified European neurosurgeons. RESULTS Women delivered 75/577 (13%) presentations at the 2019 EANS/SBNS conference: 54/283 (19%) abstract submissions and 21/294 (7%) invited presentations. Fifteen of 152 (10%) session chairs were women. This increased significantly from 4/121 (3%) presentations delivered by women in 2007. When only presentations given by neurosurgeons (residents or consultants) were analyzed, the proportion of female speakers increased from 1/111 (1%) in 2007 to 60/545 (11%) in 2019. Pediatrics was the subspecialty with the highest proportion of invited female speakers. Across subspecialties, there were no differences in gender proportions for presentations from abstract submissions. Across the top 5 participating European countries, the proportion of female invited speakers (8%) and chairs (8%) was half the proportion of female board-certified neurosurgeons (16%). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women delivering invited presentations and chairing sessions at a European neurosurgical conference is lower than expected from the available pool of board-certified neurosurgeons. The proportion of women participating is higher through application (abstract submission) than through invitation. The higher proportion of presentations from abstract submission may reflect submission from a pool of trainees with a higher proportion of women. The authors suggest implementation of strategies that increase invited speakers from minority groups and have been shown to be effective in other disciplines, such as improving minority group representation in organizing committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Woodfield
- 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh.,2Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | | | - Mark Hughes
- 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh.,2Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Ellie Edlmann
- 3Southwest Neurosurgical Centre, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth; and.,4University of Plymouth Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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79
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Amarouche M, Uberti M, Evans GYHR, Singh N. Women in neurosurgery: where does the United Kingdom stand? Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E14. [PMID: 33789224 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite over half of medical students in the United Kingdom (UK) being female, women represent only a small proportion of the workforce in the traditional "male" specialties, including neurosurgery. There is increasing global attention to and awareness of gender discrimination in the workplace across several industries, including health care. The authors set out to explore the opinions and attitudes of UK neurosurgeons and neurosurgery trainees on gender issues via a large-scale national survey. The results highlight key perceptions and gaps in mentorship and leadership and provide ideas for change. This should be used as a foundation to delve deeper and to address specific questions in order to achieve a fairer, more meritocratic environment in which neurosurgeons can thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Amarouche
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe University Hospital, Oxford
| | - Micaela Uberti
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, St. George's University Hospital, London; and
| | | | - Navneet Singh
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, St. George's University Hospital, London; and
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81
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Elez E, Ayala F, Felip E, García Campelo R, García Carbonero R, García Donás J, González Del Alba A, González Flores E, Hidalgo J, Isla D, Majem M, Rodríguez Lescure Á, Safont MJ, Santaballa A, Villacampa G, Vera R, Garrido P. Gender influence on work satisfaction and leadership for medical oncologists: a survey of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). ESMO Open 2021; 6:100048. [PMID: 33556897 PMCID: PMC7872979 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women represent an increasing proportion of the oncology workforce; however, globally this does not translate into leadership roles, reflecting disparities in career opportunities between men and women. The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) undertook a survey to investigate gender disparity in the Spanish oncology context. Design An online survey was made available to SEOM medical oncologists between February and May 2019. It included demographics, professional context and achievements, parenthood and family conciliation issues, workplace gender bias, and approaches to address disparities. Results Of the 316 eligible respondents, 71.5% were women, 59.5% were aged 45 or younger, and 66.1% had children. Among women, 12.4% were division or unit heads, compared with 45.5% of men, with most women (74.3%) being attending medical oncologists, compared with 45.5% of men. More males were professors (34.4% versus 14.2% of females), had a PhD (46.7% versus 28.8%), and/or had led clinical research groups (41.1% versus 9.7%). Spending time overseas after completing a residency was also more common for men than women (34.4% versus 20.4%). Professional satisfaction was similar between genders, driven primarily by patient care and intellectual stimulation. More women (40.7%) considered parenthood to have a strong negative impact on their career, compared with men (9.0%). Main perceived barriers to gender equality included a lack of work–life balance (72.6% women, 44.4% men), bias of peers and superiors (50.0% women, 18.9% men), and different career goals (41.2% women, 24.4% men). Preferred solutions included educational programs and scholarships (52.9%), communication and leadership training (35.8%), childcare at conferences (33.2%), and postmaternity return-to-work incentives (32.0%). Conclusion There is a clear paucity of equal opportunities for female oncologists in Spain. This can be addressed by encouraging professional development and merit recognition particularly for younger female oncologists, and empowering women to be involved in management and leadership of institutions and professional societies. Under-representation of women in leadership roles in oncology is a widely acknowledged issue receiving global attention. This study is a national description of leadership and educational opportunities in terms of gender and family circumstances. Perceptions of gender bias in the workplace gender inequality or family conciliation issues and are described. Initiatives for equal opportunities in oncology are needed supporting female academic career development and recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Ayala
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Felip
- Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - J García Donás
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - J Hidalgo
- Hospital Lluis Alcanyís de Xativa, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Isla
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Majem
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M J Safont
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Santaballa
- Hospital Universitari I Politècnic la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Villacampa
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Vera
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Garrido
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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LEVAILLANT M, LEVAILLANT L, HAMEL-BROZA JF. In response to Mayte Bryce-Alberti's letter about "Factors influencing medical students' choice of specialization: A gender based systematic review". EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100706. [PMID: 33490931 PMCID: PMC7806875 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu LEVAILLANT
- Methodologic and biostatistics department, CHU Angers, University Angers, France
- Corresponding author at: Département Méthodologie et Biostatistiques, Maison de la Recherche Clinique, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49095 Angers, Cedex, France.
| | - Lucie LEVAILLANT
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers Cedex 9, France
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Gender Balance in Mars Exploration: Lessons Learned from the Mars Science Laboratory. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is, recently, a global concern about the gender gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) areas, starting from education role models, student applications, through the academic, industrial and management career progression. Given the high visibility and popularity of all subjects related to space exploration, female participation in this field may be used to change the existing stereotypes and provide role models to the younger generations, thus having a positive influence on education while also demonstrating to other organizations how to promote diversity in the working environment. Previous studies on spacecraft science teams, considering only principal and co-Investigators, PIs and co-investigators (CoIs), respectively, show that the percentage of women in the role of investigators has remained flat at 15.8% since 2000. The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is taken here as an example to perform a statistical analysis of the gender profile for the period 2004–2018. The results are compared with: (1) data from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) about gender distribution in STEM postdoctoral profiles and faculty members; (2) the trend of planetary exploration team profiles; (3) research and innovation statistics in Europe; (4) proposals of the EU FP6 funding program; and (5) the percentage of female researchers from the Elsevier status report. This analysis shows that the process of continually holding open calls for Participating Scientists based on individual merit and the application of a flat working structure have allowed gender balance within the MSL team to improve naturally while maximizing individual and team performance. Women represent approximately 30.6% of the team, in agreement with the current percentage of female planetary exploration researchers and senior faculty members in academia. Interestingly, the percentage of female-led articles has been above the MSL women percentage trend. While the percentage of women in planetary science appears to be increasing, their role on the proposing teams is still low. As in other STEM fields, attention should be paid to secure the adequate promotion of younger generations to achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 5 of achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls by 2030.
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Schacher S, Hidas C, Derichs D. Notfallmedizinische Tagungen und Zeitschriften in Deutschland – sag mir, wo die Frauen sind. Notf Rett Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-020-00687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van Zyl M, Haynes EMK, Batchelar D, Jakobi JM. Examining gender diversity growth as a model for inclusion of all underrepresented persons in medical physics. Med Phys 2020; 47:5976-5985. [PMID: 33034047 PMCID: PMC7839666 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The labor force of Medical Physics is one of the most gender diverse in the field of Physics, as it has attained the proportional achievement of ~30% women worldwide (Tsapaki et al. Phys Medica. 2018;55:33-39). While great strides have been made toward a gender diverse workforce, women still comprise an underrepresented group. Many strategies have been suggested to increase the participation of underrepresented persons by addressing unconscious biases, increasing opportunities, dedicated hiring policies, and providing support networks in science and medicine (Barabino et al. Sci Eng Ethics. 2019; Coe et al. Lancet. 2019), yet the personnel landscape remains largely uniform. Herein, the conditions, strategies, and approaches that facilitated gender diversity in Medical Physics are considered as a means to further the inclusion of other underrepresented groups through exemplars of mentorship, addressing unconscious biases and the implementation of inclusive practices. Furthermore, the potential for gender diversity to act as a catalyst to create an environment that is more accepting of diversity and supports and encourages inclusive practices for the participation and inclusion of other underrepresented groups in Medical Physics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine van Zyl
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Arts and Social ScienceUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3333 University WayKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
| | - Elijah M. K. Haynes
- School of Health and Exercise ScienceFaculty of Health and Social DevelopmentUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3333 University WayKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
| | - Deidre Batchelar
- Department of Computer ScienceMathematics, Physics and StatisticsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3333 University WayKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
- Department of Medical PhysicsBC Cancer – Kelowna399 Royal AveKelownaBCV1Y 5L3Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Jakobi
- School of Health and Exercise ScienceFaculty of Health and Social DevelopmentUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3333 University WayKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
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Shin HY, Lee HA. The current status of gender equity in medicine in Korea: an online survey about perceived gender discrimination. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:78. [PMID: 33081799 PMCID: PMC7574171 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the number of women doctors has increased in South Korea, and efforts to improve gender awareness have gained importance in recent years, the issue of gender equity in the medical field has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of gender equity in the medical profession in Korea. METHODS An online survey on perceived gender discrimination was conducted for 2 months, with both men and women doctors participating. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 1170 doctors responded to the survey (9.2% response rate). The survey found that 47.3% of the women respondents and 18.2% of the men had experienced gender discrimination in the resident selection process (P < 0.05), 17.2% of the women and 8.7% of the men had experienced discrimination during the fellowship application process (P < 0.05), and 36.2% of the women and 8.0% of the men had experienced discrimination during the professorship application process (P < 0.05). Both men and women cited the issue of childbirth and parenting as the number one cause of gender discrimination against women doctors. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the presence of perceived gender discrimination in the Korean medical society. To address discrimination, a basic approach is necessary to change the working environment so that it is flexible for women doctors, and to change the current culture where the burden of family care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, is the primary responsibility of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10475, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Medical Women's Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- The National Assembly of The Republic of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hang Aie Lee
- Korean Medical Women's Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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87
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Feral-Pierssens AL, Avondo A, Apard M, Monguillet J, Gonot A, De Stefano C, Beggaz Y, Aguadish E, Akodad H, Hilaire-Schneider C, Deltour S, Lapostolle F. [Gender equity in French scientific publications: The glass ceiling]. Encephale 2020; 47:280-284. [PMID: 33041049 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A-L Feral-Pierssens
- Centre de recherche sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - A Avondo
- Service des urgences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Apard
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - J Monguillet
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - A Gonot
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - C De Stefano
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - Y Beggaz
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - E Aguadish
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - H Akodad
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - C Hilaire-Schneider
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France.
| | - S Deltour
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Lapostolle
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U942, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France
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Wooding DJ, Das P, Tiwana S, Siddiqi J, Khosa F. Race, ethnicity, and gender in academic obstetrics and gynecology: 12-year trends. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2:100178. [PMID: 33345906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity among healthcare teams enhances team function and improves the quality of patient care and outcomes. Women and racial minorities are historically underrepresented in medicine. However, the representation of gender and racial or ethnic groups in academic obstetrics and gynecology in the United States has not been described in recent years. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the recent state and trends in gender and racial or ethnic disparities in academic obstetrics and gynecology. STUDY DESIGN Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges between 2007 and 2018 were analyzed to describe the trends in the representation of women and racial (white, Asian, black) or ethnic (Hispanic) groups. The 12-year trends in representation by academic ranks (all academic physicians, full professor, associate professor, instructor), leadership positions (chairperson), and tenure (not on track for tenure, on track for tenure, or tenured) were depicted. The 12-year trends were assessed using linear regression to determine whether the slope depicting the change in representation of each group from 2007 to 2018 was significantly nonzero. In addition, average representation of each group across the 12-year period was compared using a Student t test (for gender) or analysis of variance (for race and ethnicity). RESULTS In 2018, there were 152 institutions and 6302 academic physicians included in the data set. On average across the 12-year period, academic physicians in obstetrics and gynecology were 43% male, 57% female, 68% white, 12% Asian, 8% black, and 5% Hispanic. Across the 12-year period, there was an increase in the total number of physicians from 4755 to 6302 (+166 per year; 95% confidence interval, 146-186; P<.0001), a 15% increase in the proportion of women (+1.38% per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.08%-1.68%; P<.0001), and an increase in the proportion of physicians from racial minorities (Asian, +0.11% per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.15; P<.0001; black, +0.07% per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.09; P=.0002; Hispanic, +0.06% per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.1; P=.0039). There was a greater proportion of white physicians in higher academic ranks (eg, full professor), leadership positions (eg, chairperson), and tenure than the proportion of white physicians overall, whereas the opposite was true for black and Hispanic physicians. Although women now make up 64% of all academic physicians in obstetrics and gynecology, there remains a far higher proportion of males in leadership positions (chairperson) and higher academic ranks (full professor). Similarly, a greater proportion of males were tenured than females. CONCLUSION Across the 12-year period, the representation of women and racial minorities has increased in academic obstetrics and gynecology in the United States. There is now a predominance of women, but there remains a trend for a predominance of white and male physicians in higher academic ranks, leadership positions, and tenure. It will be important to assess how these groups are represented in the coming years as the changing demographics of incoming cohorts progress through their careers to more senior positions. Promoting diversity in medical schools, leadership positions, and higher academic ranks may be an important area of focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Wooding
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Priya Das
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sabeen Tiwana
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Arrowhead Neurosurgical Medical Group, Inc, Colton, CA
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Hagan AK, Pollet RM, Libertucci J. Suggestions for Improving Invited Speaker Diversity To Reflect Trainee Diversity. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2020; 21:jmbe-21-22. [PMID: 32313591 PMCID: PMC7148143 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Within the field of biomedical research in the United States, the proportion of underrepresented minorities at the Full Professor level has remained consistently low, even though trainee demographics are becoming more diverse. Underrepresented groups face a complex set of barriers to achieving faculty status, including imposter syndrome, increased performance expectations, and patterns of exclusion. Institutionalized racism and sexism have contributed to these barriers and perpetuated policy that excludes underrepresented minorities. These barriers can contribute to decreased feelings of belonging, which may result in decreased retention of underrepresented minorities. Though some universities have altered their hiring practices to increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the applicant pool, these changes have not been sufficient. Here we argue that departmental invited seminar series can be used to provide trainees with scientific role models and increase their sense of belonging while institutions work towards more inclusive policy. In this study, we investigated the demographics (gender and race) of invited seminar speakers over 5 years to the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Michigan. We also investigated current trainee demographics and compared them to invited speaker demographics to gauge if our trainees were being provided with representation of themselves. We found that invited speaker demographics were skewed towards Caucasian men, and our trainee demographics were not being represented. From these findings, we proposed policy change within the department to address how speakers are being invited with the goal of increasing speaker diversity to better reflect trainee diversity. To facilitate this process, we developed a set of suggestions and a web-based resource that allows scientists, committees, and moderators to identify members of underserved groups. These resources can be easily adapted by other fields or subfields to promote inclusion and diversity at seminar series, conferences, and colloquia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada K. Hagan
- Corresponding author. Current address: Alliance SciComm & Consulting, 215 S. Main Street #755, Linden, MI 48451. Phone: 810-266-0591. E-mail:
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90
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Rivera-Romano LS, Fresno C, Hernández-Lemus E, Martínez-García M, Vallejo M. Gender imbalance in executive management positions at the Mexican National Institutes of Health. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 32183819 PMCID: PMC7079344 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around the world, there is a significant difference in the proportion of women with access to leadership in healthcare with respect to men. This article studies gender imbalance and wage gap in managerial, executive, and directive job positions at the Mexican National Institutes of Health. METHODS Cohort data were described using a visual circular representation and modeled using a generalized linear model. Analysis of variance was used to assess model significance, and posterior Fisher's least significant differences were analyzed when appropriate. RESULTS This study demonstrated that there is a gender imbalance distribution among the hierarchical position at the Mexican National Health Institutes and also exposed that the wage gap exists mainly in the (highest or lowest) ranks in hierarchical order. CONCLUSIONS Since the majority of the healthcare workforce is female, Mexican women are still underrepresented in executive and directive management positions at national healthcare organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristobal Fresno
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Maite Vallejo
- National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Mexico City, Mexico.
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91
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Swenor BK, Munoz B, Meeks LM. A decade of decline: Grant funding for researchers with disabilities 2008 to 2018. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228686. [PMID: 32126090 PMCID: PMC7053734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data highlights an imbalance in research grant success among groups underrepresented within the biomedical workforce, including racial/ethnic minorities and women. However, there is no data on grant success for researchers with disabilities. For these analyses, aggregate data on self-reported disability status for National Institute on Health (NIH) research grant applicants and awardees was obtained from 2008 to 2018, including disability category: mobility/orthopedic, hearing, visual disabilities, and other disabilities. The percentage of applications and awards, as well as grant success rates (% of applicants receiving awards), by Principal Investigators (PIs) disability status were calculated. Data was desegregated, and logistic models determined trend of applicants reporting disability over time. The percentage of NIH grant applicants with PIs reporting a disability significantly declined from 1.9% in 2008, to 1.2% in 2018 (p<0.001). Data on grant awardees was similar, 1.9% of awards in 2008, declining to 1.2% in 2018 (p<0.001) had PIs reporting a disability. Across all years, the percentage of applications and awards with PIs reporting visual disabilities was lower than the percentage reporting mobility/orthopedic, or hearing disabilities (16.5%, 34.2%, and 37.8% in 2008, respectively). Overall grant success rates differed by disability status (27.2% for those reporting disability vs 29.7% in those reporting no disability, p<0.001). The lowest overall grant success rate was among PIs reporting unknown disability status or who withheld this status (18.6%). These results underscore the underrepresentation of researchers with disabilities among grant applicants and awardees, and indicate lower grant success rates among PIs reporting disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnielin K. Swenor
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatriz Munoz
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Meeks
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Mamtani M, Shofer F, Mudan A, Khatri U, Walker R, Perrone J, Aysola J. Quantifying gender disparity in physician authorship among commentary articles in three high-impact medical journals: an observational study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034056. [PMID: 32102817 PMCID: PMC7044872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scholarship plays a direct role in career advancement, promotion and authoritative recognition, and women physicians remain under-represented as authors of original research articles. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if women physician authors are similarly under-represented in commentary articles within high-impact journals. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS In this observational study, we abstracted and analysed author information (gender and degree) and authorship position from commentary articles published in three high-impact journals between 1 January 2014 and 16 October 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Authorship rate of commentary articles over a 5-year period by gender, degree, authorship position and journal. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES To compare the proportion of men and women physician authorship of commentaries relative to the proportion of men and women physician faculty within academic medicine; and to examine the gender concordance among the last and first authors in articles with more than one author. RESULTS Of the 2087 articles during the study period, 48% were men physician first authors compared with 17% women physician first authors (p<0.0001). Of the 1477 articles with more than one author, similar distributions were found with regard to last authors: 55% were men physicians compared with only 12% women physicians (p<0.0001). The proportion of women physician first authors increased over time; however, the proportion of women physician last authors remained stagnant. Women coauthored with women in the first and last authorship positions in 9% of articles. In contrast, women coauthored with men in the first and last author positions, respectively, in 55% of articles. CONCLUSIONS Women physician authors remain under-represented in commentary articles compared with men physician authors in the first and last author positions. Women also coauthored commentaries with other women in far fewer numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mamtani
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances Shofer
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anita Mudan
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Utsha Khatri
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jeanmarie Perrone
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aysola
- Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Haine-Bennett E, Bergsieker HB, Coe IR, Koch-Kraft A, Langelier E, Morrison S, Nikoleyczik K, Schmader T, Trivailo O, Twine S, Decker JE. Enacting workplace culture change for excellence in research: a gender lens. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Science and engineering research excellence can be maximized if the selection of researchers is made from 100% of the pool of human talent. This requires policies and approaches that encourage broad sections of society, including women and other underrepresented groups, to participate in research. Institutional policies, interpersonal interactions, and individuals’ attitudes are drivers of workplace culture. Here, some new evidence-based and systematic approaches with a focus on culture are proposed to foster women’s inclusion and success in science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary B. Bergsieker
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Imogen R. Coe
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Andrea Koch-Kraft
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), R&D Headquarters, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eve Langelier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Morrison
- National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Katrin Nikoleyczik
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Project Management Agency, Heinrich-Konen-Straße 1, Bonn 53227, Germany
| | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Olga Trivailo
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Executive Board Division for Space Research and Technology, Hansestrasse 115, Cologne 51149, Germany
| | - Sue Twine
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Decker
- Office of the Vice President Emerging Technologies, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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García-González J, Forcén P, Jimenez-Sanchez M. Men and women differ in their perception of gender bias in research institutions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225763. [PMID: 31805114 PMCID: PMC6894819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence of gender inequality in research leading to insufficient representation of women in leadership positions. Numbers revealing a gender gap in research are periodically reported by national and international institutions but data on perceptions of gender equality within the research community are scarce. In the present study, a questionnaire based on the British Athena Survey of Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET 2016) was distributed among researchers working in Spain. Consistent with the original UK-based study, women in research perceived a greater degree of gender inequality than men. This difference was consistent from junior to senior positions, within public and private universities as well as research centres, and across all research disciplines. When responses were compared with the existing UK-based questionnaire, researchers in Spain felt that women and men are treated more equally in the workplace, yet they perceived their home departments to be less supportive regarding matters of gender equality. The results of this study provide clear evidence that men and women do not share the same perceptions of gender equality in science and that their differing perceptions are relatively consistent across two major European countries. The fact that men occupy the majority of senior positions while not perceiving the same inequality as women do, may be critical when it comes to ensuring the fair ascent of women to senior positions in an academic system. These data encourage the implementation of measures to ensure that both men and women are aware of gender biases in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit García-González
- Wom = n Equity & Research Committee, Society of Spanish Researchers in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU), International House, 12 Constance Street, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JGG); (MJS)
| | - Patricia Forcén
- Wom = n Equity & Research Committee, Society of Spanish Researchers in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU), International House, 12 Constance Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Wom = n Equity & Research Committee, Society of Spanish Researchers in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU), International House, 12 Constance Street, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JGG); (MJS)
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Olson K, Marchalik D, Farley H, Dean SM, Lawrence EC, Hamidi MS, Rowe S, McCool JM, O'Donovan CA, Micek MA, Stewart MT. Organizational strategies to reduce physician burnout and improve professional fulfillment. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2019; 49:100664. [PMID: 31588019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is highly prevalent among physicians and has been associated with negative outcomes for physicians, patients, staff, and health-care organizations. Reducing physician burnout and increasing physician well-being is a priority. Systematic reviews suggest that organization-based interventions are more effective in reducing physician burnout than interventions targeted at individual physicians. This consensus review by leaders in the field across multiple institutions presents emerging trends and exemplary evidence-based strategies to improve professional fulfillment and reduce physician burnout using Stanford's tripartite model of physician professional fulfillment as an organizing framework: practice efficiency, culture, and personal resilience to support physician well-being. These strategies include leadership traits, latitude of control and autonomy, collegiality, diversity, teamwork, top-of-license workflows, electronic health record (EHR) usability, peer support, confidential mental health services, work-life integration and reducing barriers to practicing a healthy lifestyle. The review concludes with evidence-based recommendations on establishing an effective physician wellness program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Olson
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
| | - Daniel Marchalik
- Medstar Health, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather Farley
- Christiana Care Health System, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Shannon M Dean
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Maryam S Hamidi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine WellMD Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susannah Rowe
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanne M McCool
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Mark A Micek
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Miriam T Stewart
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Andreoli L, Ovseiko PV, Hassan N, Kiltz U, van Mens L, Gossec L, Coates LC. Gender equity in clinical practice, research and training: Where do we stand in rheumatology? Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:669-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hu YY, Ellis RJ, Hewitt DB, Yang AD, Cheung EO, Moskowitz JT, Potts JR, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Nasca TJ, Bilimoria KY. Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1741-1752. [PMID: 31657887 PMCID: PMC6907686 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa1903759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians, particularly trainees and those in surgical subspecialties, are at risk for burnout. Mistreatment (i.e., discrimination, verbal or physical abuse, and sexual harassment) may contribute to burnout and suicidal thoughts. METHODS A cross-sectional national survey of general surgery residents administered with the 2018 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination assessed mistreatment, burnout (evaluated with the use of the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory), and suicidal thoughts during the past year. We used multivariable logistic-regression models to assess the association of mistreatment with burnout and suicidal thoughts. The survey asked residents to report their gender. RESULTS Among 7409 residents (99.3% of the eligible residents) from all 262 surgical residency programs, 31.9% reported discrimination based on their self-identified gender, 16.6% reported racial discrimination, 30.3% reported verbal or physical abuse (or both), and 10.3% reported sexual harassment. Rates of all mistreatment measures were higher among women; 65.1% of the women reported gender discrimination and 19.9% reported sexual harassment. Patients and patients' families were the most frequent sources of gender discrimination (as reported by 43.6% of residents) and racial discrimination (47.4%), whereas attending surgeons were the most frequent sources of sexual harassment (27.2%) and abuse (51.9%). Proportion of residents reporting mistreatment varied considerably among residency programs (e.g., ranging from 0 to 66.7% for verbal abuse). Weekly burnout symptoms were reported by 38.5% of residents, and 4.5% reported having had suicidal thoughts during the past year. Residents who reported exposure to discrimination, abuse, or harassment at least a few times per month were more likely than residents with no reported mistreatment exposures to have symptoms of burnout (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58 to 3.36) and suicidal thoughts (odds ratio, 3.07; 95% CI, 2.25 to 4.19). Although models that were not adjusted for mistreatment showed that women were more likely than men to report burnout symptoms (42.4% vs. 35.9%; odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.48), the difference was no longer evident after the models were adjusted for mistreatment (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Mistreatment occurs frequently among general surgery residents, especially women, and is associated with burnout and suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yung Hu
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Ryan J Ellis
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - D Brock Hewitt
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Anthony D Yang
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Elaine Ooi Cheung
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - John R Potts
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Jo Buyske
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - David B Hoyt
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Thomas J Nasca
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.) - all in Chicago; and the Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (D.B. Hewitt), and the American Board of Surgery (J.B.) - both in Philadelphia
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Abstract
Gender inequality in science is a real issue, and without frank and open discussions leading to positive action it is likely to remain so. In February 2019, Nature Reviews Cancer was kindly invited to be part of a 'Women in Science Mentoring' panel discussion, which took place at the Lorne Cancer Conference in Victoria, Australia. Inspired by the scientific career paths and experiences of the women on the panel, we decided to share their stories with our readers in this Viewpoint article, along with their opinions on how men and women must equally take responsibility for supporting and empowering female scientists. To this end, we hope we might contribute in some small way to highlighting a few of the issues surrounding gender bias in cancer research, as well as science more generally, and show our commitment to ensuring gender diversity within the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Leonie Walsh
- Women in STEMM Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Fight Cancer Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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99
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Müller UK. Editorial: Science Needs an Inclusive and Transparent Publication Process—How Integrative and Comparative Biology Works Toward This Aim. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:1445-1450. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike K Müller
- Department of Biology, California State University—Fresno, 2555 E San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA, USA
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100
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Modra LJ, Yong SA. Towards gender balance in the Australian intensive care medicine workforce. Med J Aust 2019; 211:300-302.e1. [PMID: 31502249 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A Yong
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
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