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Bank JHH, Wilson D, Rijntjes E, Barrett P, Herwig A. Alternation between short- and long photoperiod reveals hypothalamic gene regulation linked to seasonal body weight changes in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28514514 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Djungarian hamsters are able to reduce their body weight by more than 30% in anticipation of the winter season. This particular adaptation to extreme environmental conditions is primarily driven by a natural reduction in day length and conserved under laboratory conditions. We used this animal model to investigate hypothalamic gene expression linked to body weight regulation behind this physiological phenomenon. After an initial collective short photoperiod (SP) adaptation for 14 weeks from a preceding long photoperiod (LP), hamsters were re-exposed to LP for either 6 or 14 weeks, followed by a second re-exposure to SP for 8 weeks. Our data showed that re-exposure to LP led to an increase in body weight. In the hypothalamus Dio2, Vimentin, Crbp1 and Grp50 expression increased, whereas expression of Dio3, Mct8 and Srif decreased. The changes in body weight and gene expression were reversible in most hamsters after a further re-exposure to SP following 6 or 14 weeks in LP. Interestingly, after 14 weeks in LP, body weight loss was pronounced in six hamsters re-exposed to SP, but five hamsters did not respond. In nonresponding hamsters, a different gene expression pattern was manifested, with the exception of Dio2, which was reduced not only in SP re-exposed hamsters, but also in hamsters maintained in LP. Taken together, these data suggest that body weight regulation appears to be tightly linked to a co-ordinated regulation of several genes in the hypothalamus, including those involved in thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H H Bank
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Wilson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Barrett
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Herwig
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Hellevik AI, Johnsen MB, Langhammer A, Fenstad AM, Furnes O, Storheim K, Zwart JA, Flugsrud G, Nordsletten L. Incidence of total hip or knee replacement due to osteoarthritis in relation to thyroid function: a prospective cohort study (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:201. [PMID: 28521834 PMCID: PMC5437592 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study whether thyroid function was associated with risk of hip or knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis. Methods In a prospective cohort study, data from the second and third survey of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study were linked to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register in order to identify total hip or knee replacement as a result of primary osteoarthritis. Results Among 37 891 participants without previously known thyroid disease we recorded 978 total hip replacements (THRs) and 538 total knee replacements (TKRs) during a median follow-up time of 15.7 years. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, BMI (body mass index), smoking, physical activity and diabetes. We did not find any association between TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and THR or TKR due to osteoarthritis. Neither were changes in TSH over time, or overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism, associated with incidence of THR or TKR. Conclusion No association was found between thyroid function and hip or knee joint replacement due to osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alf Inge Hellevik
- The HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway. .,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- The HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Fenstad
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Furnes
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Anker Zwart
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Flugsrud
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nordsletten
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Alves RN, Cardoso JCR, Harboe T, Martins RST, Manchado M, Norberg B, Power DM. Duplication of Dio3 genes in teleost fish and their divergent expression in skin during flatfish metamorphosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:279-293. [PMID: 28062304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deiodinase 3 (Dio3) plays an essential role during early development in vertebrates by controlling tissue thyroid hormone (TH) availability. The Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) possesses duplicate dio3 genes (dio3a and dio3b). Expression analysis indicates that dio3b levels change in abocular skin during metamorphosis and this suggests that this enzyme is associated with the divergent development of larval skin to the juvenile phenotype. In larvae exposed to MMI, a chemical that inhibits TH production, expression of dio3b in ocular skin is significantly up-regulated suggesting that THs normally modulate this genes expression during this developmental event. The molecular basis for divergent dio3a and dio3b expression and responsiveness to MMI treatment is explained by the multiple conserved TREs in the proximal promoter region of teleost dio3b and their absence from the promoter of dio3a. We propose that the divergent expression of dio3 in ocular and abocular skin during halibut metamorphosis contributes to the asymmetric pigment development in response to THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - J C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - T Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - R S T Martins
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - M Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - B Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - D M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Zhu L, Baczyk D, Lye SJ, Zhang Z. Preeclampsia is associated with low placental transthyretin levels. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:385-9. [PMID: 27343320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between placental transthyretin (TTR) level and preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Placental tissues from uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. We measured the mean optical density (OD) of immunohistochemical staining of TTR across multiple sections using Image Pro Plus 6.0. To avoid bias, we used placental tissue array, which contained preeclamptic placentas (n=8) and the control placentas (n=6) on the same slide. RESULTS The mean TTR OD of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placentas (95% confidence interval) from the first trimester was higher than those from the second/third trimester, and term placentas [0.149 (0.014-0.285) for the 1(st) trimester, 0.037 (0.000-0.073) for the 2(nd)/3(rd) trimester, and 0.011 (0.035-0.056) for term; p<0.01]. Although the OD of the second/third trimester placentas appeared greater than that of term placentas, this was not statistically significant. The mean TTR OD of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the severe preeclampsia group was lower than that of controls [0.010 (0.005-0.016) vs. 0.027 (0.013-0.041), p<0.05]. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical expression of TTR in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta decreased significantly after 12 weeks of gestation, paralleling the changing demands of thyroid hormone uptake into the placenta. The reduced TTR expression in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the preeclamptic placenta might impair thyroid hormone uptake and contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dora Baczyk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Bank JHH, Cubuk C, Wilson D, Rijntjes E, Kemmling J, Markovsky H, Barrett P, Herwig A. Gene expression analysis and microdialysis suggest hypothalamic triiodothyronine (T3) gates daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:857-868. [PMID: 28365894 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating seasonal adaptations of mammals. Several studies suggested that reduced availability of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in the hypothalamus is required for the physiological adaptation to winter in Djungarian hamsters. We have previously shown that T3 is involved in the regulation of daily torpor, but it remains unclear, whether T3 affects torpor by central or peripheral mechanisms. To determine the effect of T3 concentrations within the hypothalamus in regulating daily torpor, we tested the hypothesis that low hypothalamic T3 metabolism would favour torpor and high T3 concentrations would not. In experiment 1 gene expression in torpid hamsters was assessed for transporters carrying thyroid hormones between cerebrospinal fluid and hypothalamic cells and for deiodinases enzymes, activating or inactivating T3 within hypothalamic cells. Gene expression analysis suggests reduced T3 in hypothalamic cells during torpor. In experiment 2, hypothalamic T3 concentrations were altered via microdialysis and torpor behaviour was continuously monitored by implanted body temperature transmitters. Increased T3 concentrations in the hypothalamus reduced expression of torpor as well as torpor bout duration and depth. Subsequent analysis of gene expression in the ependymal layer of the third ventricle showed clear up-regulation of T3 inactivating deiodinase 3 but no changes in several other genes related to photoperiodic adaptations in hamsters. Finally, serum analysis revealed that increased total T3 serum concentrations were not necessary to inhibit torpor expression. Taken together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that T3 availability within the hypothalamus significantly contributes to the regulation of daily torpor via a central pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H H Bank
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ceyda Cubuk
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dana Wilson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmling
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Markovsky
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Perry Barrett
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Annika Herwig
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Schanze N, Jacobi SF, Rijntjes E, Mergler S, Del Olmo M, Hoefig CS, Khajavi N, Lehmphul I, Biebermann H, Mittag J, Köhrle J. 3-Iodothyronamine Decreases Expression of Genes Involved in Iodide Metabolism in Mouse Thyroids and Inhibits Iodide Uptake in PCCL3 Thyrocytes. Thyroid 2017; 27:11-22. [PMID: 27788620 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) is an endogenous decarboxylated thyroid hormone (TH) metabolite. Pharmacological doses of 3-T1AM decrease heart rate, body temperature, and metabolic rate in rodents-effects that are contrary to classic TH excess. Furthermore, a single dose of 3-T1AM was shown to suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in rats. It was hypothesized that 3-T1AM might play a role in the fine-tuning of TH action and might have a direct regulatory effect on the thyroid gland. METHODS This study tested whether repeated 3-T1AM treatment interfered with thyroid function and the HPT axis in mice. Therefore, male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg of 3-T1AM or vehicle daily for seven days. Additionally, the effects of 3-T1AM on the differentiated rat thyrocyte cell line PCCL3 were analyzed. RESULTS Repeated administration of 3-T1AM decreased thyroidal mRNA content of the sodium iodide symporter (Nis), thyroglobulin, and pendrin in mice. No interference with the HPT axis was observed, as determined by unaltered pituitary mRNA levels of triiodothyronine-responsive genes, including thyrotropin subunit β. Furthermore, 3-T1AM treatment did not change transcript levels of hepatic triiodothyronine-responsive genes, such as deiodinase 1. In line with this, serum TH concentrations were not changed after the treatment period of seven days. In concordance with the in vivo findings, 3-T1AM decreased the thyrotropin-dependent expression of Nis and functional iodide uptake in PCCL3 cells in vitro. Additionally, uptake and metabolism of 3-T1AM by PCCL3 cells was observed, as well as 3-T1AM-dependent changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that might be involved in mediating the reported effects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 3-T1AM application decreased expression of selected TH synthesis genes by acting directly on the thyroid gland, and it might therefore affect TH synthesis without involvement of the HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Schanze
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Friedrich Jacobi
- 2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
- 3 Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- 4 Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Del Olmo
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Stephanie Hoefig
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noushafarin Khajavi
- 3 Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Lehmphul
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- 3 Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- 2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
- 5 Molecular Endocrinology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein , Medizinische Klinik I/CBBM, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- 1 Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Geven EJW, Klaren PHM. The teleost head kidney: Integrating thyroid and immune signalling. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:73-83. [PMID: 27387152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The head kidney, analogous to the mammalian adrenal gland, is an organ unique for teleost fish. It comprises cytokine-producing lymphoid cells from the immune system and endocrine cells secreting cortisol, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones. The intimate organization of the immune system and endocrine system in one single organ makes bidirectional signalling between these possible. In this review we explore putative interactions between the thyroid and immune system in the head kidney. We give a short overview of the thyroid system, and consider the evidence for the presence of thyroid follicles in the head kidney as a normal, healthy trait in fishes. From mammalian studies we gather data on the effects of three important pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) on the thyroid system. A general picture that emerges is that pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit the activity of the thyroid system at different targets. Extrapolating from these studies, we suggest that the interaction of the thyroid system by paracrine actions of cytokines in the head kidney is involved in fine-tuning the availability and redistribution of energy substrates during acclimation processes such as an immune response or stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J W Geven
- Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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A DFT investigation of a bulky biomimetic model catalyzing the 5'-outer ring deiodination of thyroxine. J Mol Model 2016; 22:287. [PMID: 27817113 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the outcomes of a density functional theory investigation aimed at unraveling mechanistic aspects of the 5'-outer ring deiodination process of thyroxine (T4) assisted by the sterically protected organoselenol compound BpqSeH. BpqSeH, which was previously synthesized and tested for its deiodinase activity, is able to afford the active hormone 3,5,3'-tetraiodothyronine (T3) by selective outer-ring deiodination of T4, and to protect the SeH moiety inside the nano-sized molecular cavity from further reactivity, allowing its isolation and characterization. Calculations were also performed including an imidazole ring that, mimicking a His residue in the active site of the original enzyme, plays an crucial role in deprotonating the selenol moiety. Both the suggested enol/keto tautomerization and the previously proven formation of an intermediate whose main characteristic is the presence of a Se⋯I⋯C halogen bond, were examined along the pathway leading to 5'-outer ring deiodination. The calculated potential energy surface showed that neither the pathway encompassing enol/keto tautomerism nor the formation of a halogen bond paving the way to C-I bond breaking and chalcogen-I bond forming is viable. The exergonic formation of the final selenenyl iodide product confirms the stabilization effect of the molecular cavity. Graphical Abstract Computed free energy profile describing the 5'-outer deiodination of thyroxine assisted by the steric hindered organoselenol BpqSH compound. The molecular electrostatic potential map reoported for the INT1 intermediate shows the non-covalent Se-I interaction, due to the attraction between charges of opposite sign, that weakens the C-I bond and prepares the formation of the new Se-I bond.
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Liu Z, Li D, Hu Q, Tang R, Li L. Effects of exposure to microcystin-LR at environmentally relevant concentrations on the metabolism of thyroid hormones in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicon 2016; 124:15-25. [PMID: 27826021 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has the potential to disturb thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, the effects of MC-LR at environmentally relevant concentrations on the thyroid system in adult fish are still unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/L MC-LR for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Whole-body thyroid hormones (THs) levels and thyroid follicle histology were used to assess thyroid function. The transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), transthyretin (ttr), thyroid hormone receptors (trs) genes, and the activities of iodothyronine deiodinases (IDs) were investigated to study the process of TH metabolism disruption. No differences in the histopathology of thyroid follicles and unchanged T4 levels were observed in adult zebrafish. A significant decline in T3 levels associated with a decrease in ID2 activity in male zebrafish was observed at 21 days exposure. Moreover, the mRNA expression of tsh, ttr and trs appeared to be a dynamic process as expression first decreased and then increased with continued exposure. These results indicated that exposure to MC-LR did not inhibit the production of TH. The decrease in ID2 activity may be an important factor in the decline of T3 levels. Furthermore, it seems that the fish triggered a compensatory mechanism to maintain TH homeostasis in respond to environmental concentrations of MC-LR which induced TH disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Qing Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Johnston RA, Paxton KL, Moore FR, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Seasonal gene expression in a migratory songbird. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5680-5691. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Johnston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristina L. Paxton
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
- Department of Biology University of Hawaii Hilo Hilo HI 96720 USA
| | - Frank R. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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Schaebs FS, Wolf TE, Behringer V, Deschner T. Fecal thyroid hormones allow for the noninvasive monitoring of energy intake in capuchin monkeys. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:1-10. [PMID: 27460343 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Measuring energetic condition of wild animals is of major importance in ecological research, as it is profoundly linked to fitness. However, noninvasive monitoring of energetic condition in wild-living animals is methodologically challenging. Measuring urinary C-peptide levels is a suitable method to noninvasively assess energy balance in wild-living animals. As collecting urine is not always feasible in the wild, it is essential to establish alternative biomarkers for other sample types to assess energy balance. Thyroid hormones (TH) are potential candidates as they are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes. During periods of low energy intake, serum TH levels are reduced, leading to a decrease in metabolic activity. To investigate whether fecal TH can serve as a biomarker for energy balance, we validated a total T3 ELISA to measure immunoreactive T3 (iT3) in fecal samples of yellow-breasted capuchins. We restricted caloric intake of seven males, assessed daily group caloric intake and determined daily individual fecal iT3 levels. Analytical validation of the assay showed that fecal iT3 levels can be reliably measured; however, proper storage conditions must be implemented and possible degradation to be accounted for. IT3 levels were significantly higher on days with high group caloric intake. However, individual iT3 levels varied substantially, resulting in an overlap across individuals between conditions. Our results indicate that fecal iT3 levels can serve as a useful biomarker to detect changes in energy intake of yellow-breasted capuchins. Overall, measuring fecal iT3 levels may present a suitable method for monitoring energy balance when urine collection is impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka S Schaebs
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDepartment of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja E Wolf
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Verena Behringer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDepartment of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDepartment of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
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Polymorphisms in the type I deiodinase gene and frontal function in recurrent depressive disorder. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:198-202. [PMID: 26866568 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Significant impairment of some psychological functions, including cognitive functioning, has been characteristically found in depressed patients. Memory disturbances may be related to the levels of thyroid hormones (TH) that are under the influence of different mechanisms and molecules, including deiodinase type 1(D1) - an important determinant of circulating triiodothyronine (T3). We investigated the relationship between two functionally known polymorphisms within the DIO1 gene, i.e. DIO1a-C/T and DIO1b-A/G, and cognitive functioning in patients diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD). In the planned analysis we mainly concentrated on the frontal function: working memory, executive functions and verbal fluency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic variants were genotyped in 128 patients using a method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). RESULTS No significant associations were found between DIO1 polymorphisms and cognitive functioning in rDD. Only the CT and TT genotypes of the DIO1a variant were significantly related to verbal fluency. There were no significant differences between the distribution of the genotypes and demographic/medical variables. CONCLUSIONS Based on the study, the examined polymorphisms are not an important risk or protective factor for cognitive impairment in depressive patients. Functional variants within the DIO1 gene that affect triiodothyronine (T3) levels seem not to be associated with cognitive functions. Nevertheless, considering the fact that the DIO1 gene is related to the course and management of depression, further studies on a larger sample size might be suggested.
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Ruiz-Jarabo I, Klaren PHM, Louro B, Martos-Sitcha JA, Pinto PIS, Vargas-Chacoff L, Flik G, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Power DM, Mancera JM, Arjona FJ. Characterization of the peripheral thyroid system of gilthead seabream acclimated to different ambient salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:24-31. [PMID: 27557988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are involved in many developmental and physiological processes, including osmoregulation. The regulation of the thyroid system by environmental salinity in the euryhaline gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is still poorly characterized. To this end seabreams were exposed to four different environmental salinities (5, 15, 40 and 55ppt) for 14days, and plasma free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4), outer ring deiodination and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in gills and kidney, as well as other osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters were measured. Low salinity conditions (5ppt) elicited a significant increase in fT3 (29%) and fT4 (184%) plasma concentrations compared to control animals (acclimated to 40ppt, natural salinity conditions in the Bay of Cádiz, Spain), while the amount of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone subunit β (tshb) transcript abundance remained unchanged. In addition, plasma fT4 levels were positively correlated to renal and branchial deiodinase type 2 (dio2) mRNA expression. Gill and kidney T4-outer ring deiodination activities correlated positively with dio2 mRNA expression and the highest values were observed in fish acclimated to low salinities (5 and 15ppt). The high salinity (55ppt) exposure caused a significant increase in tshb expression (65%), but deiodinase gene expression (dio1 and dio2) and activity did not change and were similar to controls (40ppt). In conclusion, acclimation to different salinities led to changes in the peripheral regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism in seabream. Therefore, thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of ion transport and osmoregulatory physiology in this species. The conclusions derived from this study may also allow aquaculturists to modulate thyroid metabolism in seabream by adjusting culture salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - P H M Klaren
- Department of Animal Ecology & Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Box 30, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Louro
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - J A Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - P I S Pinto
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Flik
- Department of Animal Ecology & Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Box 30, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - D M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F J Arjona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Animal Ecology & Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Box 30, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jacobson MH, Barr DB, Marcus M, Muir AB, Lyles RH, Howards PP, Pardo L, Darrow LA. Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 149:222-230. [PMID: 27228485 PMCID: PMC4907865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for proper neurodevelopment in early life. There is evidence that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affects thyroid function, but previous studies have been inconsistent, and no studies among children have been conducted in the United States where PBDE levels are particularly high. Serum levels of seven PBDE congeners and thyroid hormones and other thyroid parameters were measured in 80 children aged 1-5 years from the southeastern United States between 2011 and 2012. Parents of the children completed questionnaires with details on demographics and behaviors. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between serum PBDE levels, expressed as quartiles and as log-transformed continuous variables, and markers of thyroid function. BDE-47, 99, 100 and 153 were detected in >60% of samples, and were summed (∑PBDE). PBDE congeners and ∑PBDE were positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A log-unit increase in ∑PBDE was associated with a 22.1% increase in TSH (95% CI: 2.0%, 47.7%). Compared with children in the lowest quartile of ∑PBDE exposure, children in higher quartiles had greater TSH concentrations as modeled on the log-scale (second quartile: β=0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.09, 0.74; third quartile: β=0.44, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.85; and fourth quartile: β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.89). There was also a tendency toward lower total T4 and higher free T3 with increasing PBDE exposure. Results suggest that exposure to PBDEs during childhood subclinically disrupts thyroid hormone function, with impacts in the direction of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Dana B Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Andrew B Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Robert H Lyles
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Larissa Pardo
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
| | - Lyndsey A Darrow
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Mondal S, Raja K, Schweizer U, Mugesh G. Chemie und Biologie der Schilddrüsenhormon-Biosynthese und -Wirkung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
| | - Karuppusamy Raja
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie; Nussallee 11 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
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Mondal S, Raja K, Schweizer U, Mugesh G. Chemistry and Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7606-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Karuppusamy Raja
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie; Nussallee 11 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
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Gałecka E, Talarowska M, Maes M, Su KP, Górski P, Szemraj J. Polymorphisms of iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, DIO3) genes are not associated with recurrent depressive disorder. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:913-7. [PMID: 27351946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is characterized by disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and in the metabolism of thyroid hormones (TH). The evidence for changes in TH levels is observed in human sera and cerebrospinal fluid as well as in animal model studies. Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) type 1, 2 and 3 (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3) are important enzymes for the synthesis and determination of TH concentration. This study aims to examine the link between recurrent depressive disorders (rDD) and two functionally known polymorphisms DIO1a-C/T (rs11206244) and DIO1b-A/G (rs12095080) within the DIO1 gene encoding DIO1 and two polymorphisms DIO3-C/T (rs17716499), DIO3-A/C (rs7150269) within the DIO3 gene encoding DIO3. METHODS Both variants were genotyped in 254 rDD patients and 197 healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction. Basic methods and statistical analyses were used to estimate genetic variants in the risk of the disease. RESULTS No significant associations were found between the polymorphisms examined here and rDD. There were no significant associations between genotypes distribution and demographic/medical variables. Odds ratios (ORdis) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated, for example: for CC genotype of DIO1a C/T (ORdis=0.86, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.25). CONCLUSION Functional variants within the DIO1 gene, which affect TH levels and polymorphisms in DIO3, are not confirmed to be associated with rDD. Nevertheless, considering previous data which indicate that the DIO1 gene is related to the depression, further studies on a larger sample size are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gałecka
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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68
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Henningsen JB, Gauer F, Simonneaux V. RFRP Neurons - The Doorway to Understanding Seasonal Reproduction in Mammals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:36. [PMID: 27199893 PMCID: PMC4853402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal control of reproduction is critical for the perpetuation of species living in temperate zones that display major changes in climatic environment and availability of food resources. In mammals, seasonal cues are mainly provided by the annual change in the 24-h light/dark ratio (i.e., photoperiod), which is translated into the nocturnal production of the pineal hormone melatonin. The annual rhythm in this melatonin signal acts as a synchronizer ensuring that breeding occurs when environmental conditions favor survival of the offspring. Although specific mechanisms might vary among seasonal species, the hypothalamic RF (Arg-Phe) amide-related peptides (RFRP-1 and -3) are believed to play a critical role in the central control of seasonal reproduction and in all seasonal species investigated, the RFRP system is persistently inhibited in short photoperiod. Central chronic administration of RFRP-3 in short day-adapted male Syrian hamsters fully reactivates the reproductive axis despite photoinhibitory conditions, which highlights the importance of the seasonal changes in RFRP expression for proper regulation of the reproductive axis. The acute effects of RFRP peptides, however, depend on species and photoperiod, and recent studies point toward a different role of RFRP in regulating female reproductive activity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made to understand the role and underlying mechanisms of RFRP in the seasonal control of reproduction, primarily focusing on mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo B. Henningsen
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Gauer
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Simonneaux,
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Abstract
In this chapter, we review the mechanism of action of lithium salts from a chemical perspective. A description on how lithium salts are used to treat mental illnesses, in particular bipolar disorder, and other disease states is provided. Emphasis is not placed on the genetics and the psychopharmacology of the ailments for which lithium salts have proven to be beneficial. Rather we highlight the application of chemical methodologies for the characterization of the cellular targets of lithium salts and their distribution in tissues.
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70
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Mondal S, Mugesh G. Biomimetic deiodination of thyroid hormones and iodothyronamines – a structure–activity relationship study. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9490-9500. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deiodination of thyroid hormones and their decarboxylated metabolites, iodothyronamines by a series ofperi-substituted selenium-containing naphthalene derivatives has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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71
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study was to review several of the most recent and most important clinical studies regarding the effects of how genetic variation in the deiodinases can influence health. RECENT FINDINGS Common variation in DIO1 but not DIO2 or DIO3 is robustly associated with thyroid hormone levels at genome-wide levels of significance although the effect is modest. There is growing evidence that common variation in DIO2, particularly the Thr92Ala substitution, is associated with important clinical endpoints including osteo-arthritis and intelligence quotient; however, the mechanism of action appears to vary between tissues with several unexpected pathways recently being elucidated including effects on Golgi function and DNA methylation. In addition, there is emerging evidence of interaction with iodine and thyroid status. SUMMARY The clinical importance of genetic variation in the deiodinases has yet to be fully elucidated and their impact is likely to vary between individuals and body systems dependent on multiple factors within tissues and coexistent diseases and environmental factors. Exploration of whether there are rare functional variants in the deiodinases is now possible in population studies, which may yield greater insight in the near future. Studies of the impact of genetic variation in the deiodinases in individuals with iodine deficiency, subclinical thyroid disease, or those on levothyroxine are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Taylor
- aThyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK bDepartment of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center cRotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bank JHH, Kemmling J, Rijntjes E, Wirth EK, Herwig A. Thyroid hormone status affects expression of daily torpor and gene transcription in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Horm Behav 2015; 75:120-9. [PMID: 26435475 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a key role in regulation of seasonal as well as acute changes in metabolism. Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) adapt to winter by multiple changes in behaviour and physiology including spontaneous daily torpor, a state of hypometabolism and hypothermia. We investigated effects of systemic TH administration and ablation on the torpor behaviour in Djungarian hamsters adapted to short photoperiod. Hyperthyroidism was induced by giving T4 or T3 and hypothyroidism by giving methimazole (MMI) and sodium perchlorate via drinking water. T3 treatment increased water, food intake and body mass, whereas MMI had the opposite effect. Continuous recording of body temperature revealed that low T3 serum concentrations increased torpor incidence, lowered Tb and duration, whereas high T3 serum concentrations inhibited torpor expression. Gene expression of deiodinases (dio) and uncoupling proteins (ucp) were analysed by qPCR in hypothalamus, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. Expression of dio2, the enzyme generating T3 by deiodination of T4, and ucps, involved in thermoregulation, indicated a tissue specific response to treatment. Torpor per se decreased dio2 expression irrespective of treatment or tissue, suggesting low intracellular T3 concentrations during torpor. Down regulation of ucp1 and ucp3 during torpor might be a factor for the inhibition of BAT thermogenesis. Hypothalamic gene expression of neuropeptide Y, propopiomelanocortin and somatostatin, involved in feeding behaviour and energy balance, were not affected by treatment. Taken together our data indicate a strong effect of thyroid hormones on torpor, suggesting that lowered intracellular T3 concentrations in peripheral tissues promote torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H H Bank
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmling
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva K Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Herwig
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Neuman-Lee LA, Carr J, Vaughn K, French SS. Physiological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-47) on pregnant gartersnakes and resulting offspring. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:143-51. [PMID: 25845721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants and are persistent contaminants found in virtually every environment and organism sampled to date, including humans. There is growing evidence that PBDEs are the source of thyroid, neurodevelopmental, and reproductive toxicity. Yet little work has focused on how this pervasive contaminant may influence the reproduction and physiology of non-traditional model species. This is especially critical because in many cases non-model species, such as reptiles, are most likely to come into contact with PBDEs in nature. We tested how short-term, repeated exposure to the PBDE congener BDE-47 during pregnancy affected physiological processes in pregnant female gartersnakes (thyroid follicular height, bactericidal ability, stress responsiveness, reproductive output, and tendency to terminate pregnancy) and their resulting offspring (levels of corticosterone, bactericidal ability, and size differences). We found potential effects of BDE-47 on both the mother, such as increased size and higher thyroid follicular height, and her offspring (increased size), suggesting the effects on physiological function of PBDEs do indeed extend beyond the traditional rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
| | - James Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Katelynn Vaughn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
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Mondal S, Mugesh G. Structure Elucidation and Characterization of Different Thyroxine Polymorphs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mondal S, Mugesh G. Structure Elucidation and Characterization of Different Thyroxine Polymorphs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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76
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Raja K, Mugesh G. Remarkable Effect of Chalcogen Substitution on an Enzyme Mimetic for Deiodination of Thyroid Hormones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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77
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Raja K, Mugesh G. Remarkable Effect of Chalcogen Substitution on an Enzyme Mimetic for Deiodination of Thyroid Hormones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7674-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gabrielsen KM, Krokstad JS, Obregon MJ, Villanger GD, Sonne C, Dietz R, Jenssen BM. Thyroid hormones and deiodinase activities in plasma and tissues from East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during winter season. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fortino M, Marino T, Russo N, Sicilia E. Mechanism of Thyroxine Deiodination by Naphthyl-Based Iodothyronine Deiodinase Mimics and the Halogen Bonding Role: A DFT Investigation. Chemistry 2015; 21:8554-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bagci E, Heijlen M, Vergauwen L, Hagenaars A, Houbrechts AM, Esguerra CV, Blust R, Darras VM, Knapen D. Deiodinase knockdown during early zebrafish development affects growth, development, energy metabolism, motility and phototransduction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123285. [PMID: 25855985 PMCID: PMC4391947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) balance is essential for vertebrate development. Deiodinase type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) increase and deiodinase type 3 (D3) decreases local intracellular levels of T3, the most important active TH. The role of deiodinase-mediated TH effects in early vertebrate development is only partially understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of deiodinases during early development of zebrafish until 96 hours post fertilization at the level of the transcriptome (microarray), biochemistry, morphology and physiology using morpholino (MO) knockdown. Knockdown of D1+D2 (D1D2MO) and knockdown of D3 (D3MO) both resulted in transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism and (muscle) development in abdomen and tail, together with reduced growth, impaired swim bladder inflation, reduced protein content and reduced motility. The reduced growth and impaired swim bladder inflation in D1D2MO could be due to lower levels of T3 which is known to drive growth and development. The pronounced upregulation of a large number of transcripts coding for key proteins in ATP-producing pathways in D1D2MO could reflect a compensatory response to a decreased metabolic rate, also typically linked to hypothyroidism. Compared to D1D2MO, the effects were more pronounced or more frequent in D3MO, in which hyperthyroidism is expected. More specifically, increased heart rate, delayed hatching and increased carbohydrate content were observed only in D3MO. An increase of the metabolic rate, a decrease of the metabolic efficiency and a stimulation of gluconeogenesis using amino acids as substrates may have been involved in the observed reduced protein content, growth and motility in D3MO larvae. Furthermore, expression of transcripts involved in purine metabolism coupled to vision was decreased in both knockdown conditions, suggesting that both may impair vision. This study provides new insights, not only into the role of deiodinases, but also into the importance of a correct TH balance during vertebrate embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enise Bagci
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Heijlen
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - An Hagenaars
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne M. Houbrechts
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila V. Esguerra
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle M. Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
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81
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Llop S, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Murcia M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Vioque J, Aguinagalde X, Julvez J, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Espada M, Santa-Marina L, Rebagliato M, Ballester F. Synergism between exposure to mercury and use of iodine supplements on thyroid hormones in pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:298-305. [PMID: 25749125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between mercury exposure and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels during pregnancy as well as to explore if there is any synergic action between mercury and intake of iodine from different sources. METHODS The study population was 1407 pregnant women participating in the Spanish INMA birth cohort study. Total mercury concentrations were analyzed in cord blood. Thyroid hormones (THs) were measured in serum samples collected at 13.2±1.5 weeks of gestation. The association between mercury and TH levels was evaluated with multivariate linear regression models. Effect modification caused by iodine intake from supplements and diet was also evaluated. RESULTS The geometric means of TSH, TT3, FT4 and mercury were 1.1μU/L, 2.4nmol/L, 10.5pmol/L and 7.7μg/L, respectively. Mercury levels were marginally significantly associated with TT3 (β: -0.05; 95%CI: -0.10, 0.01), but were neither associated with TSH nor FT4. The inverse association between mercury and TT3 levels was stronger among the iodine supplement consumers (-0.08; 95%CI: -0.15, -0.02, interaction p-value=0.07). The association with FT4 followed the same pattern, albeit not significant. CONCLUSION Prenatal mercury exposure was inversely associated with TT3 levels among women who took iodine supplements during pregnancy. These results could be of public health concern, although further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Llop
- FISABIO-Universitat de València-Universitat Jaume I Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- FISABIO-Universitat de València-Universitat Jaume I Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- FISABIO-Universitat de València-Universitat Jaume I Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Avenida de Alicante KM 87, 03550 Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain
| | - Xabier Aguinagalde
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Alava, Santiago 11, 01002 Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Aurrekoetxea
- Departamento de Sanidad Gobierno Vasco, Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Avenida de Navarra 4, 20013 San Sebastián, Spain; Biodonostia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Doctor Begiristain, s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1599, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mercedes Espada
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bizkaia, Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, C/Ibaizabal, Edificio 502, 1ª Pt, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Gobierno Vasco, Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Avenida de Navarra 4, 20013 San Sebastián, Spain; Biodonostia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Doctor Begiristain, s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- FISABIO-Universitat de València-Universitat Jaume I Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- FISABIO-Universitat de València-Universitat Jaume I Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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82
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Liu Z, Tang R, Yin X, Tong N, Li D. Microcystin-LR Alters the Gene Transcription and Activities of Iodothyronine Deiodinases in the Hepatic Cells of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:305-10. [PMID: 25778693 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the gene transcription and activities of iodothyronine deiodinases in the hepatic cell line of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed in vitro to 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg /L microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for either 24 or 48 h. The cell viabilities were not significantly affected by MC-LR exposure. The mRNA expressions of type I iodothyronine deiodinase (ID1) and type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase (ID2) reduced after the exposure to MC-LR. However, MC-LR exposure led to the increase in the mRNA expression of type Ⅲ iodothyronine deiodinase (ID3). Moreover, significant ID1 and ID2 activities decline were also observed in the hepatic cell line of grass carp exposed to MC-LR, and the activity of ID3 increased significantly in the MC-LR treated groups. The results suggested that MC-LR could alter the gene transcription or activities of IDs in the hepatic cell line of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Tong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Life Science College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China.
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83
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[Case of graves' disease with remarkable psychiatric symptoms]. J UOEH 2015; 37:49-53. [PMID: 25787102 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.37.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 42-year-old woman visited our hospital with palpitations, excessive sweating, and finger tremors in March 2011. She was diagnosed with Graves' disease based on the following test results: thyroid stimulating hormone < 0.01 μU/ml, free thyroxine 6.15 ng/ml, and thyrotropin receptor antibody 7.8 U/ml. Treatment with methimazole 30 mg and propranolol 30 mg was started, and her thyroid function showed improvement. However, significant manic symptoms, irritability, hallucinations, and delusions were noted, and she was hospitalized for her own protection in May 2011. Although treatment with aripiprazole 24 mg and lithium 400 mg was started, the hallucinatory and delusional symptoms persisted, necessitating adjustment of the antipsychotics. Her psychiatric symptoms showed amelioration in July 2011 after improvement in her thyroid function, and she was discharged from our hospital. After discharge, her thyroid function remained normal with methimazole 10 mg, and administration of the antipsychotics was discontinued. Affective psychotic symptoms such as altered mood and activity are frequently observed in cases with Graves' disease, but there have been few reports describing cases with full-blown psychiatric disorders manifesting with features such as hallucinations and delusions as the chief symptoms requiring hospitalized treatment, as in the present case. In symptomatic psychosis associated with Graves' disease, prolonged psychiatric symptoms might develop, and close cooperation with psychiatrists is thus important.
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84
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Vissenberg R, Manders VD, Mastenbroek S, Fliers E, Afink GB, Ris-Stalpers C, Goddijn M, Bisschop PH. Pathophysiological aspects of thyroid hormone disorders/thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:378-87. [PMID: 25634660 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone disorders and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab) in women are associated with subfertility and early pregnancy loss. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the pathophysiology of these associations. METHODS A review of the literature in the English language was carried out. Relevant studies were identified by searching Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from 1975 until March 2014. RESULTS From a total of 6108 primary selected articles from the literature search, 105 articles were selected for critical appraisal. Observational data indicate that altered thyroid hormone levels are associated with disturbed folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis, lower fertilization rates and lower embryo quality. Triiodothyronine (T3) in combination with FSH enhances granulosa cell proliferation and inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt pathway. T3 is considered a biological amplifier of the stimulatory action of gonadotrophins on granulosa cell function. T3 increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-2, MMP-3, fetal fibronectin and integrin α5β1T3 in early placental extravillous trophoblasts. Thyroid hormone transporters and receptors are expressed in the ovary, early embryo, endometrium, uterus and placenta. No other data explaining the associations could be retrieved from the literature. The presence of TPO-Ab is negatively associated with spermatogenesis, fertilization and embryo quality, but no data are available on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid hormone disorders and TPO-Ab are associated with disturbed folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis. The pathophysiology of these associations remains largely unknown, as evidence is limited and includes studies using small sample sizes, and often restricted to animal models. There are no studies on the pathophysiology underlying the association between TPO-Ab and reproduction. The available evidence, although limited, supports a role of thyroid hormone in fertility and early pregnancy. This justifies clinical intervention studies on the effects of thyroid hormone supplementation in women with subclinical hypothyroidism and in women prone to develop hypothyroidism due to the presence of TPO-Ab. In addition, more research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms. This would be of particular interest in women undergoing IVF to pinpoint the effects of thyroid hormone on different parameters of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vissenberg
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V D Manders
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Mastenbroek
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G B Afink
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ris-Stalpers
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Goddijn
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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85
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Gabrielsen KM, Krokstad JS, Villanger GD, Blair DAD, Obregon MJ, Sonne C, Dietz R, Letcher RJ, Jenssen BM. Thyroid hormones and deiodinase activity in plasma and tissues in relation to high levels of organohalogen contaminants in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:413-23. [PMID: 25460663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown relationships between organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) and circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs) in arctic wildlife. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the possible functional effects of OHCs on TH status in target tissues for TH-dependent activity. The relationships between circulating (plasma) levels of OHCs and various TH variables in plasma as well as in liver, muscle and kidney tissues from East Greenland sub-adult polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled in 2011 (n=7) were therefore investigated. The TH variables included 3.3',5.5'-tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4), 3.3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) deiodinase activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with correlation analyses demonstrated negative relationships between individual polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated (OH-) metabolites and T4 in both plasma and muscle. There were both positive and negative relationships between individual OHCs and D1 and D2 activities in muscle, liver and kidney tissues. In general, PCBs, OH-PCBs and polybrominated dipehenyl ethers (PBDEs) were positively correlated to D1 and D2 activities, whereas organochlorine pesticides and byproducts (OCPs) were negatively associated with D1 and D2 activities. These results support the hypothesis that OHCs can affect TH status and action in the target tissues of polar bears. TH levels and deiodinase activities in target tissues can be sensitive endpoints for exposure of TH-disrupting compounds in arctic wildlife, and thus, tissue-specific responses in target organs should be further considered when assessing TH disruption in wildlife studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Stene Krokstad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gro Dehli Villanger
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Division of Mental Health, Department of Child Development and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - David A D Blair
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Maria-Jesus Obregon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Centro Mixto from CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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86
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Flemer S. Fmoc-Sec(Xan)-OH: synthesis and utility of Fmoc selenocysteine SPPS derivatives with acid-labile sidechain protection. J Pept Sci 2014; 21:53-9. [PMID: 25504629 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of the first selenocysteine SPPS derivatives which bear TFA-labile sidechain protecting groups. New compounds Fmoc-Sec(Xan)-OH and Fmoc-Sec(Trt)-OH are presented as useful and practical alternatives to the traditional Fmoc-Sec-OH derivatives currently available to the peptide chemist. From a bis Fmoc-protected selenocystine precursor, multiple avenues of diselenide reduction were attempted to determine the most effective method for subsequent attachment of the protecting group electrophiles. Our previously reported one-pot reduction methodology was ultimately chosen as the optimal approach toward the synthesis of these novel building blocks, and both were easily obtained in high yield and purity. Fmoc-Sec(Xan)-OH was discovered to be bench-stable for extended timeframes while the corresponding Fmoc-Sec(Trt)-OH derivative appeared to detritylate slowly when not stored at -20 °C. Both Sec derivatives were incorporated into single- and multiple-Sec-containing test peptides in order to ascertain the peptides' deprotection behavior and final form upon TFA cleavage. Single-Sec-containing test peptides were always isolated as their corresponding diselenide dimers, while dual-Sec-containing peptide sequences were afforded exclusively as their intramolecular diselenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevenson Flemer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Room B415 Given Bldg, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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87
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Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Monocrotophos pesticide decreases the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine and alters the expression of genes associated with the thyroidal axis in female goldfish (Carassius auratus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108972. [PMID: 25268935 PMCID: PMC4182569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study showed that monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male goldfish (Carassius auratus); however, the effects of MCP on the thyroid system in female goldfish are remain unclear. In the present study, plasma thyroid hormone (TH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were evaluated in female goldfish exposed to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L of 40% MCP-based pesticide for 21 days in a semi-static exposure system. Expression profiles of HPT axis-responsive genes, including transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases (d1, d2, and d3), tshβ, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), were determined. The results indicated that MCP decreased the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (TT3) and the ratio of TT3 to total 3,3',5,5'-l-thyroxine (TT4), and induced alternative expression of TH-related genes. Exposure to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide resulted in the up-regulation of ttr mRNA. The reduction of plasma TT3 levels was partly attributed to an increase in the metabolism of T3 in the liver, as revealed by the highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels in the MCP treatment groups, and the expression of hepatic d3 showed a negative correlation with the plasma TT3/TT4 levels in females. Moreover, the plasma TSH levels were lower in females exposed to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide, whereas the up-regulation of tshβ mRNA levels was compensated by the decreased plasma TT3 levels. These results indicated that MCP had the potential to influence several pathways of HPT axis homeostasis in female goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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88
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Verloop H, Dekkers OM, Peeters RP, Schoones JW, Smit JWA. Genetics in endocrinology: genetic variation in deiodinases: a systematic review of potential clinical effects in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:R123-35. [PMID: 24878678 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases represent a family of selenoproteins involved in peripheral and local homeostasis of thyroid hormone action. Deiodinases are expressed in multiple organs and thyroid hormone affects numerous biological systems, thus genetic variation in deiodinases may affect multiple clinical endpoints. Interest in clinical effects of genetic variation in deiodinases has clearly increased. We aimed to provide an overview for the role of deiodinase polymorphisms in human physiology and morbidity. In this systematic review, studies evaluating the relationship between deiodinase polymorphisms and clinical parameters in humans were eligible. No restrictions on publication date were imposed. The following databases were searched up to August 2013: Pubmed, EMBASE (OVID-version), Web of Science, COCHRANE Library, CINAHL (EbscoHOST-version), Academic Search Premier (EbscoHOST-version), and ScienceDirect. Deiodinase physiology at molecular and tissue level is described, and finally the role of these polymorphisms in pathophysiological conditions is reviewed. Deiodinase type 1 (D1) polymorphisms particularly show moderate-to-strong relationships with thyroid hormone parameters, IGF1 production, and risk for depression. D2 variants correlate with thyroid hormone levels, insulin resistance, bipolar mood disorder, psychological well-being, mental retardation, hypertension, and risk for osteoarthritis. D3 polymorphisms showed no relationship with inter-individual variation in serum thyroid hormone parameters. One D3 polymorphism was associated with risk for osteoarthritis. Genetic deiodinase profiles only explain a small proportion of inter-individual variations in serum thyroid hormone levels. Evidence suggests a role of genetic deiodinase variants in certain pathophysiological conditions. The value for determination of deiodinase polymorphism in clinical practice needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Verloop
- Departments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Departments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Departments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Schoones
- Departments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Departments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartments of EndocrinologyClinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of General Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWalaeus Medical LibraryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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89
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Dong Y, Tian H, Wang W, Zhang X, Liu J, Ru S. Disruption of the thyroid system by the thyroid-disrupting compound Aroclor 1254 in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e104196. [PMID: 25090620 PMCID: PMC4121326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organochlorine compounds that have the potential to disrupt the homeostasis of thyroid hormones (THs) in fish, particularly juveniles. In this study, thyroid histology, plasma TH levels, and iodothyronine deiodinase (IDs, including ID1, ID2, and ID3) gene expression patterns were examined in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) following 25- and 50- day waterborne exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of a commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254 (10, 100, and 1000 ng/L) with two-thirds of the test solutions renewed daily. The results showed that exposure to Aroclor 1254 for 50 d increased follicular cell height, colloid depletion, and hyperplasia. In particular, hypothyroidism, which was induced by the administration of 1000 ng/L Aroclor 1254, significantly decreased plasma TT4, TT3, and FT3 levels. Profiles of the changes in mRNA expression levels of IDs were observed in the liver and kidney after 25 and 50 d PCB exposure, which might be associated with a reduction in plasma THs levels. The expression level of ID2 mRNA in the liver exhibited a dose-dependent increase, indicating that this ID isotype might serve as sensitive and stable indicator for thyroid-disrupting chemical (TDC) exposure. Overall, our study confirmed that environmentally relevant concentrations of Aroclor 1254 cause significant thyroid disruption, with juvenile Japanese flounder being suitable candidates for use in TDC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Dong
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Fedail JS, Zheng K, Wei Q, Kong L, Shi F. Roles of thyroid hormones in follicular development in the ovary of neonatal and immature rats. Endocrine 2014; 46:594-604. [PMID: 24254997 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in ovarian follicular development, maturation and the maintenance of various endocrine functions. However, whether TH can affect ovarian follicular development in neonatal and immature rats remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of TH on ovarian follicular development in neonatal and immature rats. Thirty female post-lactation mothers of Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly divided into three groups: control, hyperthyroid (hyper), and hypothyroid (hypo). On postnatal days (PND) 10 and 21, body weights, serum hormones, ovarian histologic changes, and immunohistochemistry of thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRα1) and nitric oxide synthase types (NOS), and NOS activities, were determined. The data showed that body weights significantly decreased in both hyper and hypo groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hyper group had increased serum concentrations of T3, T4, and E2; whereas the hypo group manifested reduced serum concentrations of T3, T4, and E2 on PND 10 and 21. The hyper and hypo groups showed significantly reduced total number of primordial, primary and secondary follicles on PND 10 and 21 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, antral follicle numbers in the hyper and hypo groups were significantly decreased on PND 21 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Immunostaining indicated that TRα1 and NOS were expressed in ovarian surface epithelium and oocytes of growing and antral follicles, with strong staining of the granulosa and theca cells of follicles. NOS activities were significantly augmented in the hyper, but diminished in the hypo groups on PND 10 and 21. In summary, our findings suggest that TH play important roles in ovarian functions and in the regulation of NOS activity. Our results also indicate that a relationship exists between the TH and NO signaling pathways during the process of ovarian follicular development in neonatal and immature rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaafar Sulieman Fedail
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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91
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Mondal S, Mugesh G. Regioselective Deiodination of Iodothyronamines, Endogenous Thyroid Hormone Derivatives, by Deiodinase Mimics. Chemistry 2014; 20:11120-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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92
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Yeo Y, Ma SH, Hwang Y, Horn-Ross PL, Hsing A, Lee KE, Park YJ, Park DJ, Yoo KY, Park SK. Diabetes mellitus and risk of thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98135. [PMID: 24927125 PMCID: PMC4057085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for endocrine cancers; however, the association with thyroid cancer is not clear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between thyroid cancer and DM. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases through July 2012, using search terms related to diabetes mellitus, cancer, and thyroid cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of the risk of incidence of thyroid cancer from pre-existing diabetes. Of 2,123 titles initially identified, sixteen articles met our inclusion criteria. An additional article was identified from a bibliography. Totally, 14 cohort and 3 case-control studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The risks were estimated using random-effects model and sensitivity test for the studies which reported risk estimates and used different definition of DM. RESULTS Compared with individuals without DM, the patients with DM were at 1.34-fold higher risk for thyroid cancer (95% CI 1.11-1.63). However, there was heterogeneity in the results (p<0.0001). Sensitivity tests and studies judged to be high quality did not show heterogeneity and DM was associated with higher risk for thyroid cancer in these sub-analyses (both of RRs = 1.18, 95% CIs 1.08-1.28). DM was associated with a 1.38-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer in women (95% CI 1.13-1.67) after sensitivity test. Risk of thyroid cancer in men did not remain significant (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.80-1.53). CONCLUSIONS Compared with their non-diabetic counterparts, women with pre-existing DM have an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohwan Yeo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunji Hwang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pamela L. Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Ann Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
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93
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Balkan F, Onal ED, Usluogullari A, Tuzun D, Ozdemir D, Inancli SS, Ersoy R, Cakir B. "Is there any association between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer? : A case control study". Endocrine 2014; 45:55-60. [PMID: 23564559 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates proliferation of thyroid cells in culture. The presence of insulin resistance (IR) is associated with larger thyroid gland volume and an increased prevalence of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of any possible association between IR and thyroid cancer. Forty-one patients with diffuse thyroid cancer (Group 1) were matched for age and gender with 41 patients with nodular goiter (Group 2). Both groups were compared in terms of frequency of IR, as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment, as well as other parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Fourteen patients (34.1 %) in each group had MetS. Twelve patients (29.3 %) in group 1 had IR compared to 10 (24.4 %) in group 2. Mean HOMA-IR scores in group 1 and 2 were 2.5 ± 2.2 and 1.8 ± 1.1, respectively. Thirty-two patients (78 %) in group 1 had a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 compared to 33 patients (80.5 %) in group 2. The difference between groups with regard to HOMA-IR, the frequency of IR, BMI, and any of the parameters of MetS was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). A subgroup analysis based on tumor size did not reveal a significant difference between patients with microcarcinoma (≤10 mm) and macrocarcinoma (>10 mm) in terms of any of the study parameters (p > 0.05). Neither MetS nor IR was a significant risk factor for thyroid cancer following logistic regression analysis (p > 0.05). IR is not more prevalent in patients with thyroid cancer. Some other pathologic mechanisms may be more prominent during thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Balkan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey,
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94
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Behringer V, Deschner T, Murtagh R, Stevens JM, Hohmann G. Age-related changes in Thyroid hormone levels of bonobos and chimpanzees indicate heterochrony in development. J Hum Evol 2014; 66:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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95
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Manna D, Roy G, Mugesh G. Antithyroid drugs and their analogues: synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2706-15. [PMID: 23883148 DOI: 10.1021/ar4001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for the development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. They regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. In this Account, we discuss the synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and their analogues. The prohormone thyroxine (T4) is synthesized on thyroglobulin by thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a heme enzyme that uses iodide and hydrogen peroxide to perform iodination and phenolic coupling reactions. The monodeiodination of T4 to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) by selenium-containing deiodinases (ID-1, ID-2) is a key step in the activation of thyroid hormones. The type 3 deiodinase (ID-3) catalyzes the deactivation of thyroid hormone in a process that removes iodine selectively from the tyrosyl ring of T4 to produce 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3). Several physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis. The overproduction of thyroid hormones leads to hyperthyroidism, which is treated by antithyroid drugs that either inhibit the thyroid hormone biosynthesis and/or decrease the conversion of T4 to T3. Antithyroid drugs are thiourea-based compounds, which include propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole (MMI), and carbimazole (CBZ). The thyroid gland actively concentrates these heterocyclic compounds against a concentration gradient. Recently, the selenium analogues of PTU, MMI, and CBZ attracted significant attention because the selenium moiety in these compounds has a higher nucleophilicity than that of the sulfur moiety. Researchers have developed new methods for the synthesis of the selenium compounds. Several experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that the selone (C═Se) in the selenium analogues is more polarized than the thione (C═S) in the sulfur compounds, and the selones exist predominantly in their zwitterionic forms. Although the thionamide-based antithyroid drugs have been used for almost 70 years, the mechanism of their action is not completely understood. Most investigations have revealed that MMI and PTU irreversibly inhibit TPO. PTU, MTU, and their selenium analogues also inhibit ID-1, most likely by reacting with the selenenyl iodide intermediate. The good ID-1 inhibitory activity of PTU and its analogues can be ascribed to the presence of the -N(H)-C(═O)- functionality that can form hydrogen bonds with nearby amino acid residues in the selenenyl sulfide state. In addition to the TPO and ID-1 inhibition, the selenium analogues are very good antioxidants. In the presence of cellular reducing agents such as GSH, these compounds catalytically reduce hydrogen peroxide. They can also efficiently scavenge peroxynitrite, a potent biological oxidant and nitrating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Manna
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gouriprasanna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 203207, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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96
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Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:158-66. [PMID: 23948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs) 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and l-thyroxine (T4) exert a wide range of biological effects on physiological processes of fish. To elucidate the thyroid disruption effects of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphate pesticide, on male goldfish (Carassius auratus), thyroid follicle histology, plasma total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3) and free T4 levels, and the mRNA expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis) were examined following 21-day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00mg/L of a 40% MCP-based pesticide. The results showed that MCP exposure induced the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular epithelium and led to decreased plasma TT3 levels and TT3-to-TT4 ratios, without effect on plasma TT4 levels. Profiles of the changes in the relative abundance of deiodinase (D1, D2 and D3) transcripts were observed in the liver, brain and kidneys, during MCP exposure. An increase in the metabolism of T3, expressed as highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels, might be associated with the reduction in plasma TT3 levels in both the 0.01 and 0.10mg/L groups, while in the 1.00mg/L MCP group, inhibited hepatic d2 transcripts might have also resulted in decreased TT3 levels by preventing the activation of T4 to T3. As a compensatory response to decreased T3 levels, pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit mRNA transcription was up-regulated by the MCP pesticide. Decreases in plasma FT3 levels were also correlated with the modulation of hepatic transthyretin mRNA expression. Overall, the MCP pesticide exhibited thyroid-disrupting effects via interference with the HPT axis at multiple potential sites, resulting in disturbance of TH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
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Rapid responses to reverse T₃ hormone in immature rat Sertoli cells: calcium uptake and exocytosis mediated by integrin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77176. [PMID: 24130850 PMCID: PMC3795021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing experimental evidence of the nongenomic action of thyroid hormones mediated by receptors located in the plasma membrane or inside cells. The aim of this work was to characterize the reverse T₃ (rT₃) action on calcium uptake and its involvement in immature rat Sertoli cell secretion. The results presented herein show that very low concentrations of rT₃ are able to increase calcium uptake after 1 min of exposure. The implication of T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and chloride channels in the effect of rT₃ was evidenced using flunarizine and 9-anthracene, respectively. Also, the rT₃-induced calcium uptake was blocked in the presence of the RGD peptide (an inhibitor of integrin-ligand interactions). Therefore, our findings suggest that calcium uptake stimulated by rT₃ may be mediated by integrin αvβ₃. In addition, it was demonstrated that calcium uptake stimulated by rT₃ is PKC and ERK-dependent. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that rT₃ also stimulates cellular secretion since the cells manifested a loss of fluorescence after 4 min incubation, indicating an exocytic quinacrine release that seems to be mediated by the integrin receptor. These findings indicate that rT₃ modulates the calcium entry and cellular secretion, which might play a role in the regulation of a plethora of intracellular processes involved in male reproductive physiology.
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98
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones are extremely important for metabolism, development, and growth during the lifetime. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis is precisely regulated for these purposes. Much of our knowledge of this hormonal axis is derived from experiments in animals and mutations in man. This review examines the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis particularly in relation to the regulated 24-hour serum TSH concentration profiles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including obesity, primary hypothyroidism, pituitary diseases, psychiatric disorders, and selected neurological diseases. Diurnal TSH rhythms can be analyzed with novel and precise techniques, eg, operator-independent deconvolution and approximate entropy. These approaches provide indirect insight in the regulatory components in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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99
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Nagase H, Nagasawa Y, Tachida Y, Sakakibara S, Okutsu J, Suematsu N, Arita S, Shimada K. Deiodinase 2 upregulation demonstrated in osteoarthritis patients cartilage causes cartilage destruction in tissue-specific transgenic rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:514-23. [PMID: 23296253 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocyte hypertrophy followed by cartilage destruction is a crucial step for osteoarthritis (OA) development, however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study are to identify the gene that may cause cartilage hypertrophy and to elucidate its role on OA pathogenesis. DESIGN Gene expression profiles of cartilages from OA patients and normal subjects were examined by microarray analysis. Expression of deiodinases, enzymes for regulation of triiodothyronine (T3) biosynthesis, in human and rat articular cartilage (AC) were examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Rat ACs and chondrocytes were treated with T3 to investigate its role on chondrocyte hypertrophy and inflammatory reaction. Cartilage-specific Type II deiodinase (DIO2) transgenic rats were generated using bacterial artificial chromosome harboring the entire rat Col2a1 and human DIO2 gene. An experimental OA model was created in the animal to examine the role of DIO2 on cartilage degeneration. RESULTS DIO2 is highly expressed in OA patient AC compared to normal control. In rat AC, DIO2 is specifically expressed among deiodinases and dominantly expressed the same as in brown adipose tissue. T3 induces hypertrophic markers in articular chondrocyte and cartilage explant culture, and enhances the effect of IL-1α on induction of cartilage degrading enzymes. Importantly, cartilage-specific DIO2 transgenic rats are more susceptible to knee joint destabilization and develop severe AC destruction. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that upregulated expression of DIO2 in OA patient cartilage might be responsible for OA pathogenesis by enhancing the chondrocyte hypertrophy and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagase
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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100
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Bohnsack BL, Kahana A. Thyroid hormone and retinoic acid interact to regulate zebrafish craniofacial neural crest development. Dev Biol 2013; 373:300-9. [PMID: 23165295 PMCID: PMC3534885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial and ocular morphogenesis require proper regulation of cranial neural crest migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Although alterations in maternal thyroid hormone (TH) are associated with congenital craniofacial anomalies, the role of TH on the neural crest has not been previously described. Using zebrafish, we demonstrate that pharmacologic and genetic alterations in TH signaling disrupt cranial neural crest migration, proliferation, and survival, leading to craniofacial, extraocular muscle, and ocular developmental abnormalities. In the rostral cranial neural crest that gives rise to the periocular mesenchyme and the frontonasal process, retinoic acid (RA) rescued migratory defects induced by decreased TH signaling. In the caudal cranial neural crest, TH and RA had reciprocal effects on anterior and posterior pharyngeal arch development. The interactions between TH and RA signaling were partially mediated by the retinoid X receptor. We conclude that TH regulates both rostral and caudal cranial neural crest. Further, coordinated interactions of TH and RA are required for proper craniofacial and ocular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L. Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
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