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Jouni F, Brouchoud C, Capowiez Y, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Rault M. Elucidating pesticide sensitivity of two endogeic earthworm species through the interplay between esterases and glutathione S-transferases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127724. [PMID: 32805653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are common organisms in soil toxicity-testing framework, and endogeic species are currently recommended due to their ecological role in agroecosystem. However, little is known on their pesticide metabolic capacities. We firstly compared the baseline activity of B-esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in Allolobophora chlorotica and Aporrectodea caliginosa. Secondly, vulnerability of these species to pesticide exposure was assessed by in vitro trials using the organophosphate (OP) chlorpyrifos-ethyl-oxon (CPOx) and ethyl-paraoxon (POx), and by short-term (7 days) in vivo metabolic responses in soil contaminated with pesticides. Among B-esterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was abundant in the microsomal fraction (80% and 70% of total activity for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica, respectively). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured using three substrates to examine species differences in isoenzyme and sensitivity to both in vitro and in vivo exposure. CbEs were mainly found in the cytosolic fraction (80% and 60% for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica respectively). GST was exclusively found in the soluble fraction for both species. Both OPs inhibited B-esterases in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro trials revealed a pesticide-specific response, being A. chlorotica AChE more sensitive to CPOx compared to POx. CbE activity was inhibited at the same extent in both species. The 7-d exposure showed A. chlorotica less sensitive to both OPs, which contrasted with outcomes from in vitro experiments. This non-related functional between both approaches for assessing pesticide toxicity suggests that other mechanisms linked with in vivo OP bioactivation and excretion could have a significant role in the OP toxicity in endogeic earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Jouni
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Corinne Brouchoud
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, UMR 1114 EMMAH Domaine Saint Paul, 84914, Avignon Cedex 09, France
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France.
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Raja prabu M, Murugan A. Impact of monocrotophos and its biodegraded metabolites on green gram seed germination and zebra fish embryo development. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bioremediation of Toxic Pesticides in Soil Using Microbial Products. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Carbamate group as structural motif in drugs: a review of carbamate derivatives used as therapeutic agents. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:285-299. [PMID: 33410773 PMCID: PMC7968508 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their very good chemical and proteolytic stability, ability to penetrate cell membranes, and resemblance to a peptide bond, carbamate derivatives have received much attention in recent years and got an important role in modern drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Today, carbamates make structural and/or functional part of many drugs and prodrugs approved and marketed for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, HIV infection, and Alzheimer's disease. In drugs they can play a role in drug-target interaction or improve the biological activity of parent molecules. In prodrugs they are mainly used to delay first-pass metabolism and enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of compounds. This brief review takes a look at the properties and use of carbamates in various fields of medicine and provides quick insights into the mechanisms of action for some of them.
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Wen Y, Zhou L, Li D, Lai Q, Shi H, Wang M. Ecotoxicological effects of the pyrethroid insecticide tefluthrin to the earthworm Eisenia fetida: A chiral view. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109991. [PMID: 32768725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tefluthrin was the first pyrethroid developed for soil treatment. There was no report about the toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates at the enantiomer level. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the enantiomer-specific acute toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida and potential mechanism via multilevel response. The filter paper contact and the artificial soil method were used to detect the acute toxicity of tefluthrin enantiomers to earthworms. Histopathological examination (H&E), biochemical criterion, and comet assay were used to identify the effects and potential mechanism of toxicity. The order of acute toxicity was Z-cis-(1S,3S)-(-)-tefluthrin < Rac-tefluthrin < Z-cis-(1R,3R)-(+)-tefluthrin. H&E stained images showed that intestinal cells were suffered seriously damaged after exposed to Rac-tefluthrin, and the Z-cis-(1R,3R)-(+)-isomer. Tefluthrin and enantiomers also enantioselectively disturbed reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and enzymatic activity. Additionally, Z-cis-(1R,3R)-(+)-tefluthrin significantly increased the olive tail moment (OTM) and Trail DNA% compared with the control and other treatment groups at the concentration of 0.1 mg/kg was observed. It can be concluded that intestinal damage, body weight changes, DNA damage caused by oxidative stress that might be the primary mechanisms of tefluthrin toxicity to earthworms. The results indicated the rational use of chiral compounds in agriculture to avoid damage to the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction for determination of two organophosphorus pesticides in cucumber and orange samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yang F, Schildhauer S, Billeter SA, Hardstone Yoshimizu M, Payne R, Pakingan MJ, Metzger ME, Liebman KA, Hu R, Kramer V, Padgett KA. Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in California by Biochemical Assays. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1176-1183. [PMID: 32159787 PMCID: PMC7334890 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes poses a major threat to public health worldwide. There are two primary biological mechanisms that can lead to insecticide resistance, target site and metabolic resistance, both of which confer resistance to specific classes of insecticides. Due to the limited number of chemical compounds available for mosquito control, it is important to determine current enzymatic profiles among mosquito populations. This study assessed resistance profiles for three metabolic pathways, α-esterases, β-esterases, and mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), as well as insensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase (iAChE) enzyme in the presence of propoxur, among Ae. aegypti from the Central Valley and southern California. All field-collected Ae. aegypti demonstrated elevated MFOs and iAChE activity, indicating potential development of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance, respectively. Although regional variations were found among α-esterase and β-esterase activity, levels were generally elevated, further suggesting additional mechanisms for developing organophosphate resistance. Furthermore, mosquito samples from southern California exhibited a higher expression level to all three metabolic enzymes and iAChE activity in comparison to mosquitoes from the central region. These results could help guide future mosquito control efforts, directing the effective use of insecticides while limiting the spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Samuel Schildhauer
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Sarah A Billeter
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Melissa Hardstone Yoshimizu
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Robert Payne
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Mary Joyce Pakingan
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Marco E Metzger
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Kelly A Liebman
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Renjie Hu
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Vicki Kramer
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
| | - Kerry A Padgett
- California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch/Vector-Borne Disease Section, Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA
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Hu K, Peris A, Torán J, Eljarrat E, Sarrà M, Blánquez P, Caminal G. Exploring the degradation capability of Trametes versicolor on selected hydrophobic pesticides through setting sights simultaneously on culture broth and biological matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126293. [PMID: 32234621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides introduced inadvertently or deliberately into environment by global agricultural practices have caused growing public concern, therefore the search of approaches for elimination of such xenobiotics should be motivated. The degradation of hydrophobic pesticides including chlorpyrifos, dicofol and cypermethrin were assayed with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Experiments were set at realistic concentration as 5 μg L-1, and both culture medium and biologic matrix were analyzed for pollutants residues. Results showed that the first step was due to a fast adsorption, which also played an important role, accounting for more than 90% removal in average. Then mass balances proposal evidenced the biodegradation of the adsorbed pollutants, demonstrating efficient depletion as 94.7%, 87.9% and 93.1%, respectively. Additionally, the related degradation metabolites were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Two compounds, namely O,O-diethyl thiophosphate and diethyl phosphate were detected as transformation products of chlorpyrifos, whereas dicofol was degraded into benzaldehyde that is first time to be reported. It also confirms the degradation capability of T. versicolor. Our results suggest that T. versicolor is a potential microorganism for bioremediation of hydrophobic pesticide contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Hu
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Peris
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Torán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tang B, Dai W, Qi L, Du S, Zhang C. Functional Characterization of an α-Esterase Gene Associated with Malathion Detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6076-6083. [PMID: 32401500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are a multigene superfamily of metabolic enzymes involved in metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics. In this study, an α-esterase gene (BoαE1) was identified from Bradysia odoriphaga. Phylogenetic analysis classified BoαE1 into the α-esterase clade. Developmental expression analysis indicated that BoαE1 was significantly expressed in the second to fourth larval stages. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that BoαE1 was highly expressed in the larval midgut. After exposure to LC30 of malathion, the CarE activity of B. odoriphaga was induced and the transcriptional level of BoαE1 was significantly up-regulated. Silencing of BoαE1 significantly increased the susceptibility of B. odoriphaga larvae to malathion. Inhibition assays in vitro indicated that malathion significantly inhibited BoαE1 activity. GC-MS assay showed that BoαE1 possesses hydrolase activity toward malathion and participates in the detoxification of malathion. These results strongly suggest that BoαE1 plays a crucial role in detoxification of malathion in B. odoriphaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaokai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Pyrethroid Carboxylesterase PytH from Sphingobium faniae JZ-2: Structure and Catalytic Mechanism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02971-19. [PMID: 32303545 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02971-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase PytH, isolated from the pyrethroid-degrading bacterium Sphingobium faniae JZ-2, could rapidly hydrolyze the ester bond of a wide range of pyrethroid pesticides, including permethrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin. To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of PytH, we report here the crystal structures of PytH with bifenthrin (BIF) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and two PytH mutants. Though PytH shares low sequence identity with reported α/β-hydrolase fold proteins, the typical triad catalytic center with Ser-His-Asp triad (Ser78, His230, and Asp202) is present and vital for the hydrolase activity. However, no contact was found between Ser78 and His230 in the structures we solved, which may be due to the fact that the PytH structures we determined are in their inactive or low-activity forms. The structure of PytH is composed of a core domain and a lid domain; some hydrophobic amino acid residues surrounding the substrate from both domains form a deeper and wider hydrophobic pocket than its homologous structures. This indicates that the larger hydrophobic pocket makes PytH fit for its larger substrate binding; both lid and core domains are involved in substrate binding, and the lid domain-induced core domain movement may make the active center correctly positioned with substrates.IMPORTANCE Pyrethroid pesticides are widely applied in agriculture and household; however, extensive use of these pesticides also causes serious environmental and health problems. The hydrolysis of pyrethroids by carboxylesterases is the major pathway of microbial degradation of pyrethroids, but the structure of carboxylesterases and its catalytic mechanism are still unknown. Carboxylesterase PytH from Sphingobium faniae JZ-2 could effectively hydrolyze a wide range of pyrethroid pesticides. The crystal structures of PytH are solved in this study. This showed that PytH belongs to the α/β-hydrolase fold proteins with typical catalytic Ser-His-Asp triad, though PytH has a low sequence identity (about 20%) with them. The special large hydrophobic binding pocket enabled PytH to bind bigger pyrethroid family substrates. Our structures shed light on the substrate selectivity and the future application of PytH and deepen our understanding of α/β-hydrolase members.
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Deng Y, Beadham I, Ren HY, Ji MM, Ruan WQ. A study into the species sensitivity of green algae towards imidazolium-based ionic liquids using flow cytometry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110392. [PMID: 32171965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of individual organisms towards toxic agents is an important indicator of environmental pollution. However, organism-specific quantification of sensitivity towards pollutants remains a challenge. In this study, we determined the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Scenedesmus quadricauda (S. quadricauda) towards three ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chlorides [Cnmim][Cl] (n = 4,6,8). We kept all external parameters constant to identify the biotic parameters responsible for discrepancies in species sensitivity, and used flow cytometry to determine four conventional endpoints to characterise cell viability and cell vitality. Our results demonstrate that after exposure to the ILs, cell proliferation was inhibited in both species. At the same time, the cell size, complexity and membrane permeability of both algae also increased. However, while Chl a synthesis by S. quadricauda was inhibited, that of C. vulgaris was enhanced. S. quadricauda has evolved a metabolic defense that can counteract the decreased esterase activity that has been shown to occur in the presence of ILs. While it is likely that S. quadricauda was less sensitive than C. vulgaris to the ILs because of this metabolic defense, this alga may also exhibit better membrane resistance towards ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ian Beadham
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Hong-Yan Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ji
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wen-Quan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Hu K, Wang X, Zhu J, Liu A, Ao X, He L, Chen S, Zhou K, Yang Y, Zou L, Liu S. Characterization of carbaryl-degrading strain Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and its hydrolase identification. Biodegradation 2020; 31:139-152. [PMID: 32306137 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides introduced inadvertently or deliberately into environment by anthropogenic activity have caused growing global public concern, therefore the search of approaches for elimination of such xenobiotics should be encouraged. A cypermethrin-degrading bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis B-1 was found to efficiently degrade carbaryl in LB medium at concentrations of 50-300 mg L-1 within 48 h, during which temperature and pH played important roles as reflected by increase in pollutant depletion. A stimulatory effect of Fe3+ and Mn2+ on microbial growth was observed, whereas Cu2+ caused inhibition of degradation. Results showed that 1-naphthol was a major transformation product of carbaryl which was further metabolised. An approximately 29 kDa carbaryl-degrading enzyme was purified from B-1 with 15.93-fold purification and an overall yield of 6.02% was achieved using ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B anion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The enzyme was identified through nano reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a phosphodiesterase (PDE). This is the first report on the characterization of carbaryl-degrading by Bacillus spp. and the role of a PDE in carbaryl-detoxifying. Also, strain B-1 showed versatile in carbosulfan, isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos degradation, demonstrating as ideal candidate for environment bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Xingjie Wang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
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Dash DM, Osborne WJ. Rapid biodegradation and biofilm-mediated bioremoval of organophosphorus pesticides using an indigenous Kosakonia oryzae strain -VITPSCQ3 in a Vertical-flow Packed Bed Biofilm Bioreactor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110290. [PMID: 32058164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides has been one of the major anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are predominantly used in agriculture due to their broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and chemical stability. The study was focused on the biodegradation of OP pesticides, Profenofos (PF) and Quinalphos (QP) in culture media using bacterium isolated from wetland paddy rhizosphere. The strain VITPSCQ3 showed higher pesticide tolerance, efficient biofilm formation and was capable of synthesizing organophosphate degrading enzymes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing the isolate exhibited maximum sequence similarity with Kosakinia oryzae (GenBank accession number: KR149275). Biodegradation assay with various concentrations of PF and QP (200, 400, 600 and 800 mg L-1) showed maximum degradation up to 82% and 92% within 48 h. The kinetic studies revealed the biodegradation rates (k) to be 0.0844 min-1 and 0.107 min-1 with half-lives (h) of 18 h and 14.8 h for PF and QP. The degradation products were identified by GCMS and possible degradation pathways were proposed using Insilico techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the biodegradation of PF and QP using Kosakonia oryzae. Bioremoval of PF and QP from aqueous solution was performed using the biofilm of VITPSCQ3 developed on selected substrates in a circulating Vertical-flow packed-bed biofilm (VFPBB) bioreactor. Charcoal, gravel and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were used as biofilm carriers. Mushroom showed strong biofilm formation with optimum biodegradation capacity of up to 96% for PF and 92% for QP within 120 min reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Mayee Dash
- Department of Bioscience, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - W Jabez Osborne
- Department of Bioscience, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Bhatt P, Bhatt K, Huang Y, Lin Z, Chen S. Esterase is a powerful tool for the biodegradation of pyrethroid insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125507. [PMID: 31835049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and household applications of pyrethroid insecticides have significantly increased residual concentrations in living cells and environments. The enhanced concentration is toxic for living beings. Pyrethroid hydrolase enzyme (pyrethroid catalyzing esterase) regulates pyrethroid degradation, and has been well reported in various organisms (bacteria, fungi, insects and animals). Hydrolysis mechanisms of these esterases are different from others and properly function at factors viz., optimum temperature, pH and physicochemical environment. Active site of the enzyme contains common amino acids that play important role in pyrethroid catalysis. Immobilization technology emphasizes the development of better reusable efficiency of pyrethroid hydrolases to carry out large-scale applications for complete degradation of pyrethroids from the environments. In this review we have attempted to provide insights of pyrethroid-degrading esterases in different living systems along with complete mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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65
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Huang Y, Lin Z, Zhang W, Pang S, Bhatt P, Rene ER, Kumar AJ, Chen S. New Insights into the Microbial Degradation of D-Cyphenothrin in Contaminated Water/Soil Environments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040473. [PMID: 32225056 PMCID: PMC7232362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent use of the insecticide D-cyphenothrin has resulted in heavy environmental contamination and public concern. However, microbial degradation of D-cyphenothrin has never been investigated and the mechanism remains unknown. During this study, for the first time, an efficient D-cyphenothrin-degrading bacterial strain Staphylococcus succinus HLJ-10 was identified. Response surface methodology was successfully employed by using Box-Behnken design to optimize the culture conditions. At optimized conditions, over 90% degradation of D-cyphenothrin (50 mg·L−1) was achieved in a mineral salt medium within 7 d. Kinetics analysis revealed that its half-life was reduced by 61.2 d, in comparison with the uninoculated control. Eight intermediate metabolites were detected in the biodegradation pathway of D-cyphenothrin including cis-D-cyphenothrin, trans-D-cyphenothrin, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, α-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-benzeneacetonitrile, trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-propenyl-cyclopropanol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-propenyl-cyclopropionic acid, trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-propenyl-cyclopropionaldehyde, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dipropyl ester. This is the first report about the degradation of D-cyphenothrin through cleavage of carboxylester linkage and diaryl bond. In addition to degradation of D-cyphenothrin, strain HLJ-10 effectively degraded a wide range of synthetic pyrethroids including permethrin, tetramethrin, bifenthrin, allethrin, and chlorempenthrin, which are also widely used insecticides with environmental contamination problems. Bioaugmentation of D-cyphenothrin-contaminated soils with strain HLJ-10 substantially enhanced its degradation and over 72% of D-cyphenothrin was removed from soils within 40 d. These findings unveil the biochemical basis of a highly efficient D-cyphenothrin-degrading bacterial isolate and provide potent agents for eliminating environmental residues of pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Eldon R. Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601DA Delft, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (S.P.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229; Fax: +86-20-8528-0292
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Ahmad MI, Potshangbam AM, Javed M, Ahmad M. Studies on conformational changes induced by binding of pendimethalin with human serum albumin. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125270. [PMID: 31726261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pendimethalin (PND) is a widely used herbicide in modern means of agricultural practices. So, its toxic residues exist extensively in the environment and can enter human body. Therefore, the in vitro interaction of PND with human serum albumin (HSA) has been explored by employing various biophysical, molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies as well as enzyme kinetics to unravel its binding mechanism. The binding constant of the PND-HSA complex was about 104 M-1 using Fluorescence quenching spectra. The negative value of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0 = -32.0 kJ mol-1) indicates this interaction is a spontaneous process. A large negative ΔH0 and positive ΔS0 suggests that hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding are involved in the binding process of PND with HSA. The binding of PND can cause conformational and micro-environmental changes in HSA molecule, as shown by various biophysical and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The site marker competition and molecular docking and simulation experiments affirmed that the binding of PND to HSA occurs at or near site I. Esterase-like activity of HSA exhibited decline in the presence of PND revealed the direct involvement of Lys199 of subdomain IIA (Sudlow's site I) in the binding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | | | - Mehjbeen Javed
- Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
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Plasma paraoxonase1 activity in rats treated with monocrotophos: a study of the effect of duration of exposure. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:129-135. [PMID: 32210701 PMCID: PMC7085301 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier demonstrated the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), a highly toxic organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), to elicit insulin resistance in rats after chronic exposure. Given the understanding of role of paraoxonase1 (PON1) in OPI toxicity and diabetes pathology, this study was envisaged to understand the effect of duration of exposure to MCP on plasma PON1 activity in rats. Rats were administered MCP per os at 1/20 and 1/10th LD50 as daily doses for 180 days. Interim blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 45, 90 and 180 d for analysis of plasma parameters. Exposure to MCP for 45 resulted in persistent trend of hyperinsulinemia, while significant increase in fasting glucose levels was observed after 180 days. MCP caused suppression of plasma cholinesterase activity though the study period, albeit extent of inhibition was more severe during the early phase of the study. Exposure to MCP for 180 d resulted in hypertriglyceridemia and marginal decrease in HDL-C levels. MCP failed to modulate PON1 activity in plasma during the early phase of the study (up to 45 d). However, prolonged exposure resulted in significant increase in the plasma PON1 activity. This suggests that manifestation of insulin resistance in rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP is associated with increase in PON1 activity. Our work provides rationale for studying whether the increase in PON1 activity observed in the present study serves to counter the deleterious effect of long term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides on metabolic homeostasis.
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Dahiya V, Anand BG, Kar K, Pal S. In vitro interaction of organophosphate metabolites with bovine serum albumin: A comparative 1H NMR, fluorescence and molecular docking analysis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:39-50. [PMID: 31973869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the exposure of organophosphate pesticides are known to cause severe health consequences, it is important to understand the molecular interaction of these pesticides metabolites with vital biomolecules, especially with the proteins. Here, considering bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, we have examined its interaction with two selected organophosphate metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) and paraoxon methyl (PM). TCPy and PM are resultant metabolites of two most widely used organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and parathion respectively. 1H NMR line broadening, selective spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR of both TCPy and PM were carried out in the presence and absence of BSA. The obtained values of the affinity index (A), binding constants (Ka) and thermodynamic parameters indicated strong organophosphates-BSA interaction. Further, fluorescence quenching data on TCPy-BSA and PM-BSA interactions strongly supported the NMR results, besides providing the stoichiometry of these complexes. Molecular docking analysis unraveled viable, strong hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in TCPy-BSA and PM-BSA complexes. This study also revealed substantial time-dependent changes in the 1H NMR intensity of PM in the presence of BSA, which suggests faster degradation of PM with increasing protein concentration during protein-metabolite interactions. The hydrolysis is attributed to the esterase-like action of BSA. The result provides key insights into the direct interaction of the organophosphate metabolites with a biologically important carrier protein, serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Bibin G Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India.
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69
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Cao Y, Herrero-Nogareda L, Cedergreen N. A comparative study of acetylcholinesterase and general-esterase activity assays using different substrates, in vitro and in vivo exposures and model organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109954. [PMID: 31759743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and general-esterase (GE) activities are important to understand detoxification processes of xenobiotics. The assays to quantify them have employed different substrates, inhibitors, types of experiments (in vitro and in vivo) and model organisms. The aim of this work was to give a systematic overview of the effect of the above factors on the outcome of AChE and GE activity measurements. We showed that AChE activity could be measured with the substrate acetylthiocholine iodide (AChI) but not with acetylcholine bromide (AChB) and only in in vitro assays. For GE activity, Michaelis-Menten kinetics differed between the substrates 4-methylumbellifery butyrate (4-MUB) and 1-naphtyl acetate (1-NA) in the measurements of in vitro activity, but their inhibition curves and IC50 values for the general inhibitor tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) were similar, confirming that both substrates targeted the same group of enzymes. The GE substrate 4-MUB was applicable both in vitro and in vivo, while 1-NA was only applicable in vitro due to its high acute toxicity. When comparing the zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna and the sediment dwelling Chironomus riparius, the latter had a four-fold higher maximal AChE activity (Vmax) and a higher susceptibility to the AChE inhibitor BW284c51 (four-fold lower 50% inhibitory concentration, IC50), but a lower maximal GE activity and lower susceptibility to iso-OMPA (higher IC50), indicating significant species differences between in C. riparius and D. magna. We conclude that both choice of substrate and exposure method matters for the outcome of esterase assays and that esterase compositions between species may vary significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Adiguzel C, Kalender Y. Bendiocarb-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and the protective role of vitamins C and E. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6449-6458. [PMID: 31873894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bendiocarb is a pesticide carbamate which is used to protect agricultural products and animals. In this study, rats were given orally with bendiocarb and also other chemicals via gavage. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6): group 1 served as controls; group 2 received vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw); group 3 received vitamin E (100 mg/kg bw); group 4 received vitamins C plus E; group 5 received bendiocarb (0.8 mg/kg 1/50 LD50); group 6 received both bendiocarb and vitamin C; group 7 received both bendiocarb and vitamin E; and group 8 received both bendiocarb and vitamin C and E via oral gavage. Degenerative changes and biochemical differences in rat kidney were investigated after 4 weeks of especially bendiocarb treatment. While biochemical values were normal in the control group, it was observed that CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST values decreased, while MDA, creatine, urea, and uric acid values increased in the pesticide-treated groups. It was also reported that bendiocarb caused cytopathological and histopathological changes in rat kidney. We have shown that the application of vitamins has a therapeutic effect on the evaluated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Adiguzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
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Role transformation of fecundity and viability: The leading cause of fitness costs associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in Musca domestica. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228268. [PMID: 31999782 PMCID: PMC6992221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness is closely associated with the development of pesticide resistance in insects, which determines the control strategies employed to target species and the risks of toxicity faced by non-target species. After years of selections with beta-cypermethrin in laboratory, a strain of housefly was developed that was 684,521.62-fold resistant (CRR) compared with the susceptible strain (CSS). By constructing ≤ 21 d and ≤ 30 d life tables, the differences in life history parameters between CSS and CRR were analyzed. The total production numbers of all the detected development stages in CRR were lower than in CSS. Except for the lower mortality of larvae, all the other detected mortalities in CRR were higher than in CSS. ♀:♂ and normal females of CRR were also lower than those of CSS. For CRR, the relative fitness was 0.25 in the ≤ 21 d life table and 0.24 in the ≤ 30 d life table, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were detected. Based on phenotype correlation and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, fecundity and viability were the only directly positive fitness components affecting fitness in CRR and CSS, and the other components played indirect roles in fitness. The variations of the relationships among fitness, fecundity and viability seemed to be the core issue resulting in fitness differences between CRR and CSS. The interactions among all the detected fitness components and the mating frequency-time curves appeared to be distinctly different between CRR and CSS. In summary, fecundity and its related factors separately played direct and indirect roles in the fitness costs of a highly beta-cypermethrin-resistant housefly strain.
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Bosak A, Bavec A, Konte T, Šinko G, Kovarik Z, Goličnik M. Interactions of Paraoxonase-1 with Pharmacologically Relevant Carbamates. Molecules 2020; 25:E211. [PMID: 31947900 PMCID: PMC6983073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian paraoxonase-1 hydrolyses a very broad spectrum of esters such as certain drugs and xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to determine whether carbamates influence the activity of recombinant PON1 (rePON1). Carbamates were selected having a variety of applications: bambuterol and physostigmine are drugs, carbofuran is used as a pesticide, while Ro 02-0683 is diagnostic reagent. All the selected carbamates reduced the arylesterase activity of rePON1 towards the substrate S-phenyl thioacetate (PTA). Inhibition dissociation constants (Ki), evaluated by both discontinuous and continuous inhibition measurements (progress curves), were similar and in the mM range. The rePON1 displayed almost the same values of Ki constants for Ro 02-0683 and physostigmine while, for carbofuran and bambuterol, the values were approximately ten times lower and two times higher, respectively. The affinity of rePON1 towards the tested carbamates was about 3-40 times lower than that of PTA. Molecular modelling of rePON1-carbamate complexes suggested non-covalent interactions with residues of the rePON1 active site that could lead to competitive inhibition of its arylesterase activity. In conclusion, carbamates can reduce the level of PON1 activity, which should be kept in mind, especially in medical conditions characterized by reduced PON1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bosak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tilen Konte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Marko Goličnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
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Cardozo M, de Almeida JSFD, Cavalcante SFDA, Salgado JRS, Gonçalves AS, França TCC, Kuca K, Bizzo HR. Biodegradation of Organophosphorus Compounds Predicted by Enzymatic Process Using Molecular Modelling and Observed in Soil Samples Through Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Analysis: A Comparison. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010058. [PMID: 31878010 PMCID: PMC6982719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are chemicals widely used as pesticides in different applications such as agriculture and public health (vector control), and some of the highly toxic forms have been used as chemical weapons. After application of OPs in an environment, they persist for a period, suffering a degradation process where the biotic factors are considered the most relevant forms. However, to date, the biodegradation of OP compounds is not well understood. There are a plenty of structure-based biodegradation estimation methods, but none of them consider enzymatic interaction in predicting and better comprehending the differences in the fate of OPs in the environment. It is well known that enzymatic processes are the most relevant processes in biodegradation, and that hydrolysis is the main pathway in the natural elimination of OPs in soil samples. Due to this, we carried out theoretical studies in order to investigate the interactions of these OPs with a chosen enzyme—the phosphotriesterase. This one is characteristic of some soils’ microorganisms, and has been identified as a key player in many biodegradation processes, thanks to its capability for fast hydrolyzing of different OPs. In parallel, we conducted an experiment using native soil in two conditions, sterilized and not sterilized, spiked with specific amounts of two OPs with similar structure—paraoxon-ethyl (PXN) and O-(4-nitrophenyl) O-ethyl methylphosphonate (NEMP). The amount of OP present in the samples and the appearance of characteristic hydrolysis products were periodically monitored for 40 days using analytical techniques. Moreover, the number of microorganisms present was obtained with plate cell count. Our theoretical results were similar to what was achieved in experimental analysis. Parameters calculated by enzymatic hydrolysis were better for PXN than for NEMP. In soil, PXN suffered a faster hydrolysis than NEMP, and the cell count for PXN was higher than for NEMP, highlighting the higher microbiological toxicity of the latter. All these results pointed out that theoretical study can offer a better comprehension of the possible mechanisms involved in real biodegradation processes, showing potential in exploring how biodegradation of OPs relates with enzymatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Cardozo
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); Tel.: +55-021-2410-6305 (M.C.)
| | - Joyce S. F. D. de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD) Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (J.S.F.D.d.A.); (T.C.C.F.)
| | - Samir F. de A. Cavalcante
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jacqueline R. S. Salgado
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
| | - Arlan S. Gonçalves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Avenida Ministro Salgado Filho, 1000, Soteco, Vila Velha 29106-010, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
- Federal University of Espirito Santo- Unit Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tanos C. C. França
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD) Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (J.S.F.D.d.A.); (T.C.C.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); Tel.: +55-021-2410-6305 (M.C.)
| | - Humberto R. Bizzo
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
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74
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Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Cares XA, Domínguez J. Exploring the potential enzymatic bioremediation of vermicompost through pesticide-detoxifying carboxylesterases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109586. [PMID: 31450034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost is a known biofertilizer of potential use in soil bioremediation. This study was undertaken to explore the capacity of grape marc-derived vermicompost to inactivate methyl carbamate (MC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides via exploring the carboxylesterase (CE) activity level and its response to pesticide exposure. We first optimized the method for enzyme activity assay comparing the CE activity in two contrasting homogenization procedures (30-min mixing and mortar grinding). Thereafter, we assessed the sensitivity of the enzyme by both in vitro and vermicompost incubation trials with selected pesticides. The main findings can be summarized as follows: i) grinding the vermicompost in water (2% w/v) yielded maximum enzyme activity; ii) at concentrations around 10-4 M, highly toxic oxygen-analog metabolites of OPs strongly inhibited the CE activity (76-93% inhibition), but MC did not inhibit the enzyme activity; iii) liquid vermicompost was able to degrade chlorpyrifos and inactivate its highly toxic metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon. Our results suggest that liquid vermicompost is the most appropriate preparation to increase the enzymatic potential of vermicompost in pesticide-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ximena Andrade Cares
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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75
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Lian S, Wu L, Nikolausz M, Lechtenfeld OJ, Richnow HH. 2H and 13C isotope fractionation analysis of organophosphorus compounds for characterizing transformation reactions in biogas slurry: Potential for anaerobic treatment of contaminated biomass. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114882. [PMID: 31352241 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of anaerobic digestion (AD) to eliminate organophosphorus model compounds (OPs) with structural elements of phosphate, phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate esters was studied. The enzymatic mechanism of the first irreversible degradation reaction was characterized using metabolite pattern and kinetic 2H/13C-isotope effect in original, cell-free and heat sterilized biogas slurry. The isotope fractionation study suggests different modes of degradation reactions. Representatives for phosphate ester, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, were hydrolyzed in biogas slurry without carbon or hydrogen isotope fractionation. Representatives for phosphorodithioate, Dimethoate and Malathion, were degraded in original slurry yielding carbon enrichment factor (εC) of -0.6 ± 0.1‰ and -5.5 ± 0.1‰ (-0.9 ± 0.1‰ and -7.2 ± 0.5‰ in cell-free slurry), without hydrogen isotope fractionation. Phosphorothioate degradation represented by Parathion and Parathion-methyl yielded surprisingly different εC (-0.7 ± 0.2 and -3.6 ± 0.4‰) and εH (-33 ± 5 and -5 ± 1‰) in original slurry compared to cell-free slurry (εC = -2.5 ± 0.5 and -8.6 ± 1.4‰; εH = -61 ± 10 and -10 ± 3‰) suggesting H-C bond cleavage. Degradation of Parathion and Parathion-methyl in sterilized slurry gave carbon but not hydrogen fractionation implying relative thermostable enzymatic activity with different mechanism. The correlation of 2H and 13C stable isotope fractionation of Parathion in biogas slurry showed distinct pattern (Λoriginal = 31 ± 11, Λcell-free = 20 ± 2), indicating different mechanism from chemical hydrolysis. Overall, AD can be a potential treatment for OPs contaminated biomass or contaminated organic waste material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Lian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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76
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Kumar N, Gupta SK, Bhushan S, Singh NP. Impacts of acute toxicity of arsenic (III) alone and with high temperature on stress biomarkers, immunological status and cellular metabolism in fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105233. [PMID: 31301545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The water bodies are greatly influenced by heavy metal contamination and global increasing temperature. Arsenic (As) is one of the most dangerous widespread pollutants that pose health threats to human, animals and fishes. Considering the above, the study has been carried out to delineate 96 h median lethal concentration of arsenic alone and in combination with high temperature (As-T, 34 °C) by conducting static non-renewable bio-assay acute toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (average weight 6.25 ± 0.69 g, length 5.32 cm). Effect of definitive doses such as 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 mg/L of As alone and in combination with high temperature (As-T) were evaluated on stress biomarkers and cellular metabolism of P. hypophthalmus. The lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of As alone and in combination with high temperature was found to be 28.16 mg/L and 26.88 mg/L, respectively. The stress biomarkers in terms of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in liver, gill, brain and kidney, blood glucose and NBT were remarkable higher (p < 0.01) in comparison to unexposed group (control group). Brain neurotransmitter enzyme, AChE, immunological status (blood glucose and NBT) and cellular metabolic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase LDH, malate dehydrogenase MDH, aspartate aminotransferase AST, and alanine aminotransferase ALT, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PDH and ATPase) were noticeably (p < 0.01) altered by As and As-T exposure. The histopathological study exhibited devastating changes with exposure to As and As-T such as bile stagnation, hepatocyte with irregular nucleus, eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, necrosis, and nuclear hypertrophy in liver and curling of secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of lamellar epithelium, blood congestion, incomplete fusion of secondary lamellae, complete fusion of several lamellae and aneurysm in gill. Overall results clearly indicate that acute exposure of As and high temperature led to pronounced deleterious alterations on stress biomarkers and cellular and metabolic activities of P. hypophthalmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413 115, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834 010, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413 115, India
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77
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Martínez-Morcillo S, Pérez-López M, Míguez MP, Valcárcel Y, Soler F. Comparative study of esterase activities in different tissues of marine fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:12-22. [PMID: 31078771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most frequently anthropogenic xenobiotics detected in water. Among these, the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are very widely used in agriculture due to their broad spectrum of activity and their low price, but they also have high potent effects as neurotoxic compounds in non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), propionylcholinesterase (PChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) in the representative Atlantic fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus from "Rías Gallegas", a traditional Spanish fishing area. These esterase activities were evaluated in the brain, muscle and liver to determine the most adequate tissue to measure such enzymatic activities. The sensitivity of AChE and CbE activities from different tissues the widely used organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP), and its toxic metabolite (CP-oxon) was also tested. AChE activity was predominant in all tissues of the analysed species (particularly in brain constituting from 78.33%, 89.83% and 88.43% of total ChEs in Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus, respectively). Under in vitro exposure, esterases were shown to be highly sensitive to CP and especially to CP-oxon. Moreover, a similar effect observed on AChE and CbE activities could suggest that CbE activity might contribute efficiently against the toxic effects of CP, especially in muscle and the liver. The presence of BChE, PChE and upper CbE activities in muscle and the liver and their OP-sensibilities can be used to study their function in the pesticide biochemical detoxification pathways with a prominent role as a safeguarding mechanism against pesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Morcillo
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - M P Míguez
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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78
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Bhatt P, Huang Y, Zhan H, Chen S. Insight Into Microbial Applications for the Biodegradation of Pyrethroid Insecticides. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1778. [PMID: 31428072 PMCID: PMC6687851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides and presence of chiral carbon differentiates among various forms of pyrethroids. Microbial approaches have emerged as a popular solution to counter pyrethroid toxicity to marine life and mammals. Bacterial and fungal strains can effectively degrade pyrethroids into non-toxic compounds. Different strains of bacteria and fungi such as Bacillus spp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, Psudomonas flourescens, Brevibacterium sp., Acinetobactor sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Trichoderma sp., and Candia spp., are used for the biodegradation of pyrethroids. Hydrolysis of ester bond by enzyme esterase/carboxyl esterase is the initial step in pyrethroid biodegradation. Esterase is found in bacteria, fungi, insect and mammalian liver microsome cells that indicates its hydrolysis ability in living cells. Biodegradation pattern and detected metabolites reveal microbial consumption of pyrethroids as carbon and nitrogen source. In this review, we aim to explore pyrethroid degrading strains, enzymes and metabolites produced by microbial strains. This review paper covers in-depth knowledge of pyrethroids and recommends possible solutions to minimize their environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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79
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Pyo SM, Maibach HI. Skin Metabolism: Relevance of Skin Enzymes for Rational Drug Design. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:283-294. [PMID: 31357203 DOI: 10.1159/000501732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) have numerous pharmacological benefits. Drug release, for example, is independent of whether a patient is in a fed or a fasted state, and lower doses can be given as gastrointestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism is avoided. In addition, inter- and intrapatient variability is minimized as the release of the drug is mainly controlled by the system. This makes TTS interesting as alternative systems to the most common dosage form of oral tablets. The difficulty with the dermal administration route is transporting the drug through the skin, since the skin is an efficient barrier against foreign bodies. Various strategies have been reported in the literature of how drug penetration can be improved. Most of them, however, focus on overcoming the stratum corneum as the first (mechanical) skin barrier. However, penetration is much more complex, and the skin's barrier function does not only depend on the stratum corneum; what has been underestimated is the second (biological) skin barrier formed of enzymes. Compared to the stratum corneum, very little is known about these enzymes, e.g., which enzymes are present in the skin and where exactly they are localized. Hence, very few strategies can be found for how to bypass or even use the skin enzyme barrier for TTS development. This review article provides an overview of the skin enzymes considered to be relevant for the biotransformation of dermally applied drugs. Also, we discuss the use of dermal prodrugs and soft drugs and give the stereoselectivity of skin metabolism careful consideration. Finally, we provide suggestions on how to make use of the current knowledge about skin enzymes for rational TTS design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Pyo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
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80
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Briand E, Thomsen R, Linnet K, Rasmussen HB, Brunak S, Taboureau O. Combined Ensemble Docking and Machine Learning in Identification of Therapeutic Agents with Potential Inhibitory Effect on Human CES1. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152747. [PMID: 31362390 PMCID: PMC6696021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), responsible for the biotransformation of many diverse therapeutic agents, may contribute to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and therapeutic failure through drug interactions. The present study is designed to address the issue of potential drug interactions resulting from the inhibition of CES1. Based on an ensemble of 10 crystal structures complexed with different ligands and a set of 294 known CES1 ligands, we used docking (Autodock Vina) and machine learning methodologies (LDA, QDA and multilayer perceptron), considering the different energy terms from the scoring function to assess the best combination to enable the identification of CES1 inhibitors. The protocol was then applied on a library of 1114 FDA-approved drugs and eight drugs were selected for in vitro CES1 inhibition. An inhibition effect was observed for diltiazem (IC50 = 13.9 µM). Three others drugs (benztropine, iloprost and treprostinil), exhibited a weak CES1 inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 298.2 µM, 366.8 µM and 391.6 µM respectively. In conclusion, the binding site of CES1 is relatively flexible and can adapt its conformation to different types of ligands. Combining ensemble docking and machine learning approaches improves the prediction of CES1 inhibitors compared to a docking study using only one crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Briand
- INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of functional and adaptive biology, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ragnar Thomsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Olivier Taboureau
- INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of functional and adaptive biology, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France.
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81
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Organophosphorus pesticide determination in biological specimens: bioanalytical and toxicological aspects. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1763-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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82
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Joshi AKR, Sukumaran BO. Metabolic dyshomeostasis by organophosphate insecticides: insights from experimental and human studies. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:479-484. [PMID: 31423127 PMCID: PMC6694704 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindhu Omana Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
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83
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Jain M, Yadav P, Joshi A, Kodgire P. Advances in detection of hazardous organophosphorus compounds using organophosphorus hydrolase based biosensors. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:387-410. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1626800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jain
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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84
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Le Navenant A, Siegwart M, Maugin S, Capowiez Y, Rault M. Metabolic mechanisms and acetylcholinesterase sensitivity involved in tolerance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl in the earwig Forficula auricularia. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:416-424. [PMID: 31003126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apple orchards are highly treated crops, in which organophosphorus (OP) are among the most heavily sprayed insecticides. These pesticides are toxic to non-target arthropods and their repeated use increases the risk of resistance. We studied mechanisms involved in tolerance and resistance to OP insecticides in the earwig Forficula auricularia, an effective generalist predator in pomefruit orchards. Adult earwigs were sampled in three apple orchards managed under contrasting strategies: conventional, Integrated Pest Management, and organic. The threshold activities of enzyme families involved in pesticides tolerance: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and Carboxylesterases (CbEs) were measured in earwig extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored as a toxicological endpoint. Variations in these activities were assessed prior to and after exposure to chlorpyrifos-ethyl at the normal application rate. We observed that the mortality of earwigs exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl depended on the management strategy of orchards. Significantly lower mortality was seen in individuals sampled from conventional orchard. The basal activities of CbEs and GSTs of collected organisms were higher in conventional orchard. After in vivo exposure, AChE activity appeared to be inhibited in surviving males with no difference between orchards. However an in vitro inhibition trial with chlorpyrifos-oxon showed that AChE from earwigs collected in organic and IPM orchards were more sensitive than from conventional ones. These observations support the hypothesis of a molecular target modification in AChE and highlight the possible role of CbEs in effective protection of AChE. Our findings suggest that the earwigs with a high historic level of insecticide exposure could acquire resistance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Le Navenant
- Avignon University, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France; INRA, Unité PSH, Equipe Ecologie de la Production Intégrée, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- INRA, Unité PSH, Equipe Ecologie de la Production Intégrée, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Maugin
- INRA, Unité PSH, Equipe Ecologie de la Production Intégrée, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRA, UMR 1114 EMMAH Domaine Saint Paul 84914, Avignon Cedex 09, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Avignon University, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
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85
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Amiri A, Tayebee R, Abdar A, Narenji Sani F. Synthesis of a zinc-based metal-organic framework with histamine as an organic linker for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in water and fruit juice samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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86
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Pitti Caballero J, Murillo L, List O, Bastiat G, Flochlay-Sigognault A, Guerino F, Lefrançois C, Lautram N, Lapied B, Apaire-Marchais V. Nanoencapsulated deltamethrin as synergistic agent potentiates insecticide effect of indoxacarb through an unusual neuronal calcium-dependent mechanism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:1-12. [PMID: 31153457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of neurotoxic chemical insecticides has led to consequences against the environment, insect resistances and side-effects on non-target organisms. In this context, we developed a novel strategy to optimize insecticide efficacy while reducing doses. It is based on nanoencapsulation of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, used as synergistic agent, combined with a non-encapsulated oxadiazine (indoxacarb). In this case, the synergistic agent is used to increase insecticide efficacy by activation of calcium-dependant intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the membrane target of insecticides. In contrast to permethrin (pyrethroid type I), we report that deltamethrin (pyrethroid type II) produces an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in insect neurons through the reverse Na/Ca exchanger. The resulting intracellular calcium rise rendered voltage-gated sodium channels more sensitive to lower concentration of the indoxacarb metabolite DCJW. Based on these findings, in vivo studies were performed on the cockroach Periplaneta americana and mortality rates were measured at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatments. Comparative studies of the toxicity between indoxacarb alone and indoxacarb combined with deltamethrin or nanoencapsulated deltamethrin (LNC-deltamethrin), indicated that LNC-deltamethrin potentiated the effect of indoxacarb. We also demonstrated that nanoencapsulation protected deltamethrin from esterase-induced enzymatic degradation and led to optimize indoxacarb efficacy while reducing doses. Moreover, our results clearly showed the benefit of using LNC-deltamethrin rather than piperonyl butoxide and deltamethrin in combination commonly used in formulation. This innovative strategy offers promise for increasing insecticide efficacy while reducing both doses and side effects on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pitti Caballero
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Murillo
- LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France
| | - Olivier List
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bastiat
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Frank Guerino
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ 07940-1026, USA
| | - Corinne Lefrançois
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Nolwenn Lautram
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Apaire-Marchais
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Cedex, France.
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87
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Birolli WG, Arai MS, Nitschke M, Porto ALM. The pyrethroid (±)-lambda-cyhalothrin enantioselective biodegradation by a bacterial consortium. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:129-137. [PMID: 31027572 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral pesticides have been used in agriculture, including (±)-lambda-cyhalothrin ((±)-LC), which is a pyrethroid insecticide widely employed on crops for protection against different types of insects. However, enantioselectivity is poorly studied in biodegradation processes. Therefore, the (±)-LC enantioselective biodegradation by bacteria from Brazilian savannah was reported in this study with a validated analytical method. All bacterial strains biodegraded (±)-LC with different efficiencies. Residual concentrations of LC (3.7-43.1% of biodegradation) and its enantiomeric excesses (0-27% ee) were determined. Additionally, the formation of the main biodegradation metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was also quantified. A Bacillus consortium composed of the three most efficient strains biodegraded more LC than any isolated strain solely employed in this work, showing that the use of a consortium is an interesting approach. In addition, 13 metabolites were identified and a biodegradation pathway with biochemical reactions of hydrolysis, reduction, esterification, amidation, elimination and group transfer were proposed, confirming the bioremediation potential of these strains. The LC stereoisomer with the highest insecticidal activity (1R,3R,αS-enantiomer, also known as gamma-cyhalothrin) was preferentially biodegraded by the studied bacteria. Therefore, crops protection with gamma-cyhalothrin, which can be applied in lower concentrations than (±)-LC because it is a more effective product against insects, may also be biodegraded faster than the racemic mixture in the environment, decreasing the toxic effects on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian G Birolli
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marylyn S Arai
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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88
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Biodegradation of Pyrethroids by a Hydrolyzing Carboxylesterase EstA from Bacillus cereus BCC01. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial degradation has been considered as a rapid, green, and cost-effective technique to reduce insecticide pollutions in a contaminated environment. However, the instability and low efficacy of non-indigenous microorganisms hampers their further exploitation when being introduced into a real environmental matrix. In order to overcome the restriction that these functional microorganisms are under, we investigated the optimal conditions to improve the pyrethroid-degrading ability of one previously isolated bacterium Bacillus cereus BCC01, where 9.6% of the culture suspension (with cell density adjusted to OD600 = 0.6) was inoculated into 50 mL media and cultivated at pH 8 and 30 °C, and its metabolic pathway was illuminated by analyzing the main metabolites via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most importantly, a key pyrethroid-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase gene estA was identified from the genomic library of strain BCC01, and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification, the recombinant protein EstA remained soluble, displaying high degrading activity against different pyrethroids and favorable stability over a wide range of temperatures (from 15 °C to 50 °C) and pH values (6.5–9). Therefore, the EstA-associated biodegradation of pyrethroids was determined, which could provide novel insights to facilitate the practical application of B. cereus BCC01 in the microbial detoxification of pyrethroid contamination.
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89
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Hu K, Deng W, Zhu Y, Yao K, Li J, Liu A, Ao X, Zou L, Zhou K, He L, Chen S, Yang Y, Liu S. Simultaneous degradation of β-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by Eurotium cristatum ET1, a novel "golden flower fungus" strain isolated from Fu Brick Tea. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00776. [PMID: 30548839 PMCID: PMC6612557 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-cypermethrin (β-CY) and its major metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) spread extensively in the environment because of utilization in agricultural and home formulations, exerting negative impact on environment as well as human health. Several golden flower fungi were isolated from fu brick tea, by which the biodegradation of β-CY and 3-PBA was evaluated, turning out strain Eurotium cristatum ET1 had the highest capacity. Furthermore, β-CY and 3-PBA degradation rates were positively correlated with biomass of E. cristatum ET1, and the processes of degradation fitted well with a first-order kinetic equation. The half-lives of β-CY and 3-PBA ranged from 3.382 to 11.517 days and 1.749 to 3.194 days, respectively, under different substrate concentrations, incubation temperatures, and pH values. The degraded products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and results showed that E. cristatum ET1 degrades β-CY by transforming it into 3-PBA, which is then gradually metabolized into phenol and catechol. Moreover, E. cristatum ET1 showed efficiency in degrading these metabolites. Our results suggest that this strain is a potential microorganism for bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments and fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Hu
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Weiqin Deng
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Yuanting Zhu
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Kai Yao
- College of Light Industry and FoodSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jinyong Li
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina,Institute of Food Processing and SafetySichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Likou Zou
- College of ResourcesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kang Zhou
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina,Institute of Food Processing and SafetySichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Li He
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina,Institute of Food Processing and SafetySichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina,Institute of Food Processing and SafetySichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuanChina
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90
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Kim HS, Hur SJ. Degradation of various insecticides in cooked eggs during in vitro human digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:437-443. [PMID: 30212798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cooking and in vitro human digestion on the changes of five insecticides-fipronil, bifenthrin, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE)-in egg whites and yolks. Each insecticide was applied to egg whites and yolks at a concentration of 1000 μg/g. After cooking the egg whites and yolks, concentrations of bifenthrin, DDD, and DDE decreased (P < 0.05), whereas those of fipronil and DDT were unchanged (P > 0.05) in both egg whites and yolks. Next, an in vitro human digestion model that simulates all the steps of human digestion was employed. Until digestion in the small intestine, the concentrations of fipronil and DDT in the cooked egg whites and yolks were unchanged (P > 0.05), whereas those of bifenthrin, DDD, and DDE decreased (P < 0.05) at each digestion step. In the large intestinal digestion step with Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sakei as enterobacteria, the concentrations of all the insecticides decreased (P < 0.05) in the cooked egg whites and yolks. Among the insecticides, bifenthrin showed the lowest concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of bifenthrin as an insecticide would be comparatively less toxic than other insecticides in terms of environmental pollution and human health, because of its easy degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sang Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Abu ElEla SA, Agathokleous E, Ghazawy NA, Amin TR, ElSayed WM, Koike T. Enzyme activity modification in adult beetles (Agelastica coerulea) inhabiting birch trees in an ozone-enriched atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32675-32683. [PMID: 30244439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a naturally occurring gas in the atmosphere. However, the concentration of O3 increased in the twentieth century. Although the effects of O3 on vegetation have been extensively studied since the 1950s, limited information exists regarding the effects of O3 on insect herbivores. In particular, evidence is lacking regarding the effects of O3 on the biology of insect herbivores. Agelastica coerulea Baly (1874) is a coleopteran species that grazes on Betulaceae plants. In this study, to investigate the effects of O3 on A. coerulea biology for the first time, female adult insects were collected from Japanese white birch trees grown in a Free Air Controlled Exposure System (FACE) in Sapporo, Japan. These beetles inhabited trees exposed either to ambient or to elevated O3 for 23 days. After collection, the enzyme activities in the beetles were measured. Elevated O3 led to a greater total antioxidant activity and lower α- and β-esterase activities, a phenomenon that may suggest an increased resistance of the beetles to stress. Our results are further discussed with regard to biological and toxicological aspects. Collectively, our findings indicate that total antioxidants and α- and β-esterase activities can serve as effective O3 biomarker systems in this beetle species. This adaptive response of the beetle, which was induced by moderate O3 exposure, should be further tested across generations and for its protection against greater exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 062-8516, Japan.
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-85889, Japan.
| | - Nirvina A Ghazawy
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Tarek R Amin
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Wael M ElSayed
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-85889, Japan.
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92
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De Anna JS, Leggieri LR, Arias Darraz L, Cárcamo JG, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Effects of sequential exposure to water accommodated fraction of crude oil and chlorpyrifos on molecular and biochemical biomarkers in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 212:47-55. [PMID: 30012402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish can be simultaneously or sequentially exposed to various kinds of pollutants, resulting in combined effects. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A (CYP1A) expression, which catalyzes the conversion of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) into its most active derivative, CPF-oxon. CPF-oxon inhibits CYP1A and other enzymes, including carboxylesterases (CEs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We studied the effects of an in vivo exposure to crude oil water accommodated fraction (WAF) followed by an ex vivo exposure of liver tissue to CPF on the expression of Cyp1a, AhR and ARNT mRNA, CYP1A protein and on the activity of biomarker enzymes in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to WAF (62 μg L-1 TPH) for 48 h. Then, liver was dissected out, sliced and exposed to 20 μg L-1 CPF ex vivo for 1 h. Liver tissue was analyzed for mRNA and protein expression and for CEs, AChE, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and CYP1A (EROD) activity. WAF induced Cyp1a mRNA and CYP1A protein expression by 10-fold and 2.5-8.3-fold, respectively, with no effect of CPF. WAF induced AhR expression significantly (4-fold) in control but not in CPF treated liver tissue. ARNT mRNA expression was significantly lowered (5-fold) by WAF. CPF significantly reduced liver EROD activity, independently of WAF pre-treatment. CEs activity was significantly inhibited in an additive manner following in vivo exposure to WAF (42%) and ex vivo exposure to CPF (19%). CPF exposure inhibited AChE activity (37%) and increased GST activity (42%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA- CONICET- CEAN, Ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo R Leggieri
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA- CONICET- CEAN, Ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Luis Arias Darraz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue, CITAAC, UNCo-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Agropecuaria del Comahue, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Ruta 151, km 12, 8303 Cinco Saltos, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA- CONICET- CEAN, Ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
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93
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Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Albumin, the responsible protein of the Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis of O-hexyl O-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) by chicken serum "antagonistic stereoselectivity". Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:523-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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94
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Parasa R, Raman DS, M A. Leaf and seed esterases of Agathi (Sesbania grandiflora L.); Purification and characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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95
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Martínez-Morcillo S, Pérez-López M, Soler-Rodríguez F, González A. The organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate decreases cell viability and induces changes in different biochemical parameters of rat pancreatic stellate cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:89-97. [PMID: 30243730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we employed cultured pancreatic stellate cells to study the effect of the organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate on pancreatic cell physiology. Esterase activity, cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation and Ca2+ mobilization were examined. Our results show that dimethoate (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of cholinesterase enzymatic activity at all concentrations tested. A drop in carboxylesterase activity was noted in the presence of 10 μM dimethoate. In the presence of the pesticide a decrease in cell viability was detected. The clearer effect could be observed when the cells had been incubated during 96 h in the presence of dimethoate. The pesticide induced a slight but statistically significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria. Incubation of cells with dimethoate, in the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium, led to a slow and progressive increase in [Ca2+]c towards an elevated value over the prestimulation level. A similar behavior was observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that dimethoate releases Ca2+ from the intracellular stores. Our results suggest that dimethoate might alter intracellular pathways that are critical for pancreatic physiology, creating a situation potentially leading to dysfunction in the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio González
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
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96
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Abstract
(3-Ammonio-2,2-dimethylpropyl)carbamate dihydrate was synthesised. The title compound was characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and IR-/Raman-spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that a mixture of dilute acetic acid and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane is able to capture CO2 spontaneously from the atmosphere. An intramolecular hydrogen bond stabilises the conformation of the ylide-type title molecule. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between all moieties connect them to a strand-type chain structure.
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97
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Yao J, Zhu YC, Adamczyk J, Luttrell R. Influences of acephate and mixtures with other commonly used pesticides on honey bee (Apis mellifera) survival and detoxification enzyme activities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 209:9-17. [PMID: 29563044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acephate (organophosphate) is frequently used to control piercing/sucking insects in field crops in southern United States, which may pose a risk to honey bees. In this study, toxicity of acephate (formulation Bracket®97) was examined in honey bees through feeding treatments with sublethal (pollen residue level: 0.168 mg/L) and median-lethal (LC50: 6.97 mg/L) concentrations. Results indicated that adult bees treated with acephate at residue concentration did not show significant increase in mortality, but esterase activity was significantly suppressed. Similarly, bees treated with binary mixtures of acephate with six formulated pesticides (all at residue dose) consistently showed lower esterase activity and body weight. Clothianidin, λ-cyhalothrin, oxamyl, tetraconazole, and chlorpyrifos may interact with acephate significantly to reduce body weight in treated bees. The dose response data (LC50: 6.97 mg/L) revealed a relatively higher tolerance to acephate in Stoneville bee population (USA) than populations elsewhere, although in general the population is still very sensitive to the organophosphate. In addition to killing 50% of the treated bees acephate (6.97 mg/L) inhibited 79.9%, 20.4%, and 29.4% of esterase, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, respectively, in survivors after feeding treatment for 48 h. However, P450 activity was elevated 20% in bees exposed to acephate for 48 h. Even though feeding on sublethal acephate did not kill honey bees directly, chronic toxicity to honey bee was noticeable in body weight loss and esterase suppression, and its potential risk of synergistic interactions with other formulated pesticides should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Yao
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Yu Cheng Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
| | - John Adamczyk
- USDA-ARS, Southern Horticultural Research Unit, Poplarville, MS 38470, USA
| | - Randall Luttrell
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
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98
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Mahadhi HM, Ohura K, Hosokawa M, Imai T. Molecular characterization and polymorphisms of butyrylcholinesterase in cynomolgus macaques. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:185-191. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kainan Japan
| | | | - Hassan M.D. Mahadhi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba Institute of Science; Choshi Japan
| | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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99
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Cacciatore LC, Verrengia Guerrero NR, Cochón AC. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic studies of carbaryl alone or in binary mixtures with azinphos methyl in the freshwater gastropod Planorbarius corneus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:276-284. [PMID: 29689476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbamate insecticides such as carbaryl and organophosphates such as azinphos-methyl share the ability to inhibit the activity of B-esterases. This study aimed to (1) assess the inhibitory effects of carbaryl on B-esterase activity in soft tissues and hemolymph of Planorbarius corneus; (2) establish whether binary mixtures of carbaryl and azinphos-methyl depart or not from a model of concentration addition on the inhibition of cholinesterase activity; (3) determine the bioconcentration and elimination of the pesticides. The results showed that exposure of gastropods to increasing concentrations of carbaryl (0.1-5 mg L-1) for 48 h inhibited cholinesterase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 of 1.4 ± 0.3 mg L-1 and 1.2 ± 0.1 mg L-1 for soft tissue and hemolymph, respectively. Carboxylesterase activity, measured with the substrates p-nitrophenyl butyrate and p-nitrophenyl acetate, was between 2.3 and 25 times more sensitive to carbaryl inhibition than cholinesterase activity. Binary mixtures corresponding to 0.5 EC50 carbaryl + 0.5 EC50 azinphos-methyl and 0.75 EC50 carbaryl + 0.75 EC50 azinphos-methyl produced inhibitions of cholinesterase activity similar to those of individual pesticides, following a model of concentration addition. Bioconcentration was analyzed using a one-compartment model. The absorption kinetics (k1) for both pesticides alone (1.4 mg L-1 of carbaryl or 1.8 mg L-1 of azinphos-methyl) or mixed (1.4 mg L-1 of carbaryl + 1.8 mg L-1 of azinphos-methyl) were similar. The elimination kinetics ratio (k2) estimated for the pesticides alone or in the mixtures showed that carbaryl was eliminated 3.5 times faster than azinphos-methyl. These results suggest that exposure of Planorbarius corneus to binary mixtures of carbaryl and azinphos-methyl for 48 h follow a concentration addition model on inhibition of cholinesterase activity and that the pesticide mixtures do not change the toxicokinetic parameters of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Claudio Cacciatore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noemí Rosario Verrengia Guerrero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Cristina Cochón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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