51
|
di Filippo L, Compagnone N, Frara S, Allora A, Doga M, Rovere Querini P, Cremona G, Giustina A. Vertebral fractures at hospitalization predict impaired respiratory function during follow-up of COVID-19 survivors. Endocrine 2022; 77:392-400. [PMID: 35676466 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) have been recently reported as an important component of the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19 and emerging data show negative respiratory sequelae at long-term follow-up in COVID-19 survivors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of VFs on respiratory function in COVID-19 survivors. METHODS We included patients referred to our Hospital Emergency Department and re-evaluated during follow-up. VFs were detected on lateral chest X-rays on admission using a qualitative and semiquantitative assessment and pulmonary function tests were obtained by Jaeger-MasterScreen-Analyzer Unit 6 months after discharge. RESULTS Fifty patients were included. Median age was 66 years and 66% were males. No respiratory function data were available at COVID-19 diagnosis. VFs were detected in 16 (32%) patients. No differences between fractured and non-fractured patients regarding age and sex were observed. Although no difference was observed between VF and non-VF patient groups in the severity of pneumonia as assessed by Radiological-Assessment-of-Lung-Edema score at admission, (5 vs. 6, p = 0.69), patients with VFs were characterized as compared to those without VFs by lower Forced Vital Capacity (FVC, 2.9 vs. 3.6 L, p = 0.006; 85% vs. 110% of predicted, respectively, p = 0.001), Forced Expiratory Volume 1st s (FEV1, 2.2 vs. 2.8 L, p = 0.005; 92% vs. 110% of predicted, respectively, p = 0.001) and Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO 5.83 vs. 6.98 mmol/min/kPa, p = 0.036, 59% vs. 86.3% of predicted, respectively, p = 0.043) at 6-month follow up. CONCLUSIONS VFs, expression of the endocrine phenotype of the disease, appear to influence medium-term impaired respiratory function of COVID-19 survivors which may significantly influence their recovery. Therefore, our findings suggest that a VFs assessment at baseline may help in identifying patients needing a more intensive respiratory follow-up and patients showing persistent respiratory impairment without evidence of pulmonary disease may benefit from VFs assessment to preventing the vicious circle of further fractures and respiratory deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Compagnone
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Allora
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Doga
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - George Cremona
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to lung function in the full range of distribution across four Eastern European cohorts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12959. [PMID: 35902678 PMCID: PMC9334616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether the dose–response relationship between lung function and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Central and Eastern European populations differ from that reported in the Western European and American populations. We used the prospective population-based HAPIEE cohort that includes randomly selected people with a mean age of 59 ± 7.3 years from population registers in Czech, Polish, Russian and Lithuanian urban centres. The baseline survey in 2002–2005 included 36,106 persons of whom 24,944 met the inclusion criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the dose–response relationship between lung function defined as FEV1 divided by height cubed and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over 11–16 years of follow-up. Mortality rate increased in a dose–response manner from highest to lower FEV1/height3 deciles. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of all-cause mortality for persons in the 8th best, the 5th and the worst deciles were 1.27 (95% CI 1.08‒1.49), 1.37 (1.18–1.60) and 2.15 (1.86‒2.48), respectively; for cardiovascular mortality, the respective HRs were 1.84 (1.29–2.63), 2.35 (1.67–3.28) and 3.46 (2.50‒4.78). Patterns were similar across countries, with some statistically insignificant variation. FEV1/height3 is a strong predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, across full distribution of values, including persons with preserved lung function.
Collapse
|
53
|
Han X, Li C, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Hua R, Xie W, Xie L. Relationships of persistent depressive symptoms with subsequent lung function trajectory and respiratory disease mortality. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:404-410. [PMID: 35490885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the longitudinal association between persistent depressive symptoms and future lung health in the general population. METHOD 4860 middle-aged and older participants with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002-2003) and wave 2 (2004-2005) and at least two measurements of lung function (waves 2-6, 2004-2013) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, were included in this study. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Participants who had depressive symptoms in both waves 1 and 2 were considered to have persistent depressive symptoms. Linear mixed models were applied to assess longitudinal associations. Cox regression models were fitted to analyze respiratory disease mortality. RESULTS During an 8-year follow-up, we found that women with persistent depressive symptoms suffered accelerated declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of the FEV1 predicted, percentage of the FVC predicted, and peak expiratory flow, compared with women without depressive symptoms at baseline. Likewise, an elevated risk of respiratory disease mortality (HR: 6.02, 95% CI: 2.30 to 15.79) was observed in women with persistent depressive symptoms compared with women without depressive symptoms. We also observed a dose-response relationship between cumulative depressive symptom scores and subsequent lung health outcomes in women. However, no such association was observed in men. CONCLUSION Long-term depressive symptoms might predict an accelerated decline of lung function and higher mortality from respiratory disease among women but not among men over an 8-year follow-up. Further studies are needed to verify our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Zhu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Sarycheva T, Capkova N, Pająk A, Malyutina S, Simonova G, Tamosiunas A, Bobák M, Pikhart H. Impaired lung function and mortality in Eastern Europe: results from multi-centre cohort study. Respir Res 2022; 23:140. [PMID: 35641974 PMCID: PMC9153198 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between impaired lung function and mortality has been well documented in the general population of Western European countries. We assessed the risk of death associated with reduced spirometry indices among people from four Central and Eastern European countries. Methods This prospective population-based cohort includes men and women aged 45–69 years, residents in urban settlements in Czech Republic, Poland, Russia and Lithuania, randomly selected from population registers. The baseline survey in 2002–2005 included 36,106 persons of whom 24,993 met the inclusion criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of mortality over 11–16 years of follow-up for mild, moderate, moderate-severe and very severe lung function impairment categories. Results After adjusting for covariates, mild (hazard ratio (HR): 1.25; 95% CI 1.15‒1.37) to severe (HR: 3.35; 95% CI 2.62‒4.27) reduction in FEV1 was associated with an increased risk of death according to degree of lung impairment, compared to people with normal lung function. The association was only slightly attenuated but remained significant after exclusion of smokers and participants with previous history of respiratory diseases. The HRs varied between countries but not statistically significant; the highest excess risk among persons with more severe impairment was seen in Poland (HR: 4.28, 95% CI 2.14‒8.56) and Lithuania (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.21‒7.50). Conclusions Reduced FEV1 is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, with risk increasing with the degree of lung function impairment and some country-specific variation between the cohorts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02057-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Sarycheva
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Koltarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Simonova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Laboratory of Population Research, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Martin Bobák
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Koltarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Koltarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Impact of COPD Treatment on Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092391. [PMID: 35566517 PMCID: PMC9104207 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of COPD treatment on the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC remains uncertain. We retrospectively investigated COPD patients among patients newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC between September 2005 and August 2019 at a university hospital. The clinical characteristics, lung function, and survival outcomes were analyzed and compared between patients who did and did not receive COPD treatment. Among 221 patients with advanced NSCLC and COPD, 124 patients received treatment for COPD and 97 patients did not receive treatment for COPD. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted value was greater in the no-treatment group than in the COPD treatment group (p < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) of the treatment group was 10.7 months, while that of the no-treatment group was 8.7 months (p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, COPD treatment was independently associated with improved OS (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.53−0.95, and p = 0.021). COPD treatment was associated with improved OS in patients with advanced NSCLC and COPD. Therefore, pretreatment spirometry and maximal treatment for COPD may offer a chance of optimal management for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
|
56
|
Zeng LH, Hussain M, Syed SK, Saadullah M, Jamil Q, Alqahtani AM, Alqahtani T, Akram N, Khan IA, Parveen S, Fayyaz T, Fatima M, Shaukat S, Shabbir N, Fatima M, Kanwal A, Barkat MQ, Wu X. Revamping of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Front Public Health 2022; 9:757089. [PMID: 35265582 PMCID: PMC8899038 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure an asymmetrically high burden of worldwide disease and death caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), i.e., asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). CRDs are firmly related with indigence, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and add to complex multi-disease with great impact on the lives and livelihood of those affected. The pertinence of CRDs to health and demographic wellbeing is relied upon to increment in the long time ahead, as expectations of life rise and the contending dangers of right on time youth mortality and irresistible infections level. The WHO has distinguished the counteraction and control of NCDs as an earnest improvement issue and crucial for the sustainable development goals (SDSs) by 2030. In this review, we center on CRDs in LMICs. We examine the early life roots of CRDs, challenges in their avoidance, identification and administration in LMICs, and the pathways to resolve for accomplish valid widespread wellbeing inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shahzada Khurram Syed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurratulain Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Fayyaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saira Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Najia Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Anema JA, Daw EW, Wang L, Santanasto AJ, Nygaard M, Province MA. Genetic pleiotropy between pulmonary function and age-related traits: The Long Life Family Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 79:glac046. [PMID: 35180297 PMCID: PMC10873520 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function (PF) progressively declines with aging. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are predictors of morbidity of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. In addition, reduced PF is associated with elevated chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, glucose metabolism, body fatness, and low muscle strength. It may suggest pleiotropic genetic effects between PF with these age-related factors. METHODS We evaluated whether FEV1 and FVC share common pleiotropic genetic effects factors with interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, body mass index, muscle (grip) strength, plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin in 3,888 individuals (age range: 26-106). We employed sex-combined and sex-specific correlated meta-analyses to test whether combining genome-wide association p-values from two or more traits enhances the ability to detect variants sharing effects on these correlated traits. RESULTS We identified 32 loci for PF, including 29 novel pleiotropic loci associated with pulmonary function and (i) body fatness (CYP2U1/SGMS2), (ii) glucose metabolism (CBWD1/DOCK8 and MMUT/CENPQ), (iii) inflammatory markers (GLRA3/HPGD, TRIM9, CALN1, CTNNB1/ZNF621, GATA5/SLCO4A1/NTSR1, and NPVF/C7orf31/CYCS), and (iv) muscle strength (MAL2, AC008825.1/LINC02103, AL136418.1). CONCLUSIONS The identified genes/loci for PF and age-related traits suggest their underlying shared genetic effects, which can explain part of their phenotypic correlations. Integration of gene expression and genomic annotation data shows enrichment of our genetic variants in lung, blood, adipose, pancreas, and muscles, among others. Our findings highlight the critical roles of identified gene/locus in systemic inflammation, glucose metabolism, strength performance, PF, and pulmonary disease, which are involved in accelerated biological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason A Anema
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Charles D, Shanley J, Temple SN, Rattu A, Khaleva E, Roberts G. Real-World Efficacy of Treatment with Benralizumab, Dupilumab, Mepolizumab and Reslizumab for Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:616-627. [PMID: 35174566 PMCID: PMC9311192 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is a major cause of morbidity. Some patients may benefit from biological therapies. Most evaluations of these treatments are derived from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), but few patients are eligible for these trials. Studies involving more diverse groups of participants exist but there is a lack of precise pooled estimates. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the real-world efficacy of recently and nearly licensed biological therapies for severe asthma to assess the generalisability of the RCT data. METHODS Clinical outcomes including exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid (OCS) usage, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were examined. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS A total of 21 studies examining biologicals in real-world settings were identified, they mostly focused on benralizumab and mepolizumab. The introduction of biologicals reduced the annualised exacerbation rate significantly by -3.79 (95% CI -4.53, -3.04), -3.17 (95% CI -3.74, -2.59) and -6.72 (95% CI -8.47, -4.97) with benralizumab, mepolizumab and reslizumab respectively. Likewise, improvements were observed in FEV1 (0.17 L 95% CI 0.11, 0.24) and FeNO (-14.23 ppb 95% CI -19.71, -8.75) following treatment with mepolizumab. After treatment with benralizumab there was an increase in FEV1 (0.21 L 95% CI 0.08, 0.34). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that anti-IL5 biologicals may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with severe asthma in a clinic environment with similar effect sizes to RCTs. The data were mainly retrospective and unadjusted, so estimated effect sizes may not be reliable. More data is needed to acquire accurate effect estimates in different subpopulations of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Charles
- Academic Clinical Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Jemma Shanley
- Child Health, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Sasha-Nicole Temple
- Clinical Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Anna Rattu
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Ekaterina Khaleva
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Wallis RS, Ginindza S, Beattie T, Arjun N, Likoti M, Sebe M, Edward VA, Rassool M, Ahmed K, Fielding K, Ahidjo BA, Vangu MDT, Churchyard G. Lung and blood early biomarkers for host-directed tuberculosis therapies: Secondary outcome measures from a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0252097. [PMID: 35120127 PMCID: PMC8815935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current tuberculosis treatments leave most patients with bronchiectasis and fibrosis, permanent conditions that impair lung function and increase all-cause post-TB mortality. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) may reduce lung inflammation and hasten eradication of infection. Biomarkers can accelerate tuberculosis regimen development, but no studies have yet examined early biomarkers of TB-HDTs. METHODS Biomarkers of inflammation and microbicidal activity were evaluated as a part of a recent phase-2 randomized controlled trial of four HDTs in 200 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and baseline predictors of poor outcome, including CC-11050 (PDE4i), everolimus (mTORi), auranofin (oral gold salt), and ergocalciferol (vitamin D). Two of the 4 arms (CC-11050 and everolimus) showed superior recovery of lung function at day 180 compared to control; none showed accelerated eradication of MTB infection. Patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on entry and day 56. PET signals were analyzed according to total, maximal, and peak glycolytic activity; CT was analyzed according to total modified Hounsfield units to assess radiodensity. Mycobactericidal activity in ex vivo whole blood culture was measured on days 42, 84, and 140. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at multiple time points. RESULTS All PET/CT parameters showed highly significant reductions from baseline to day 56; however, only maximal or peak glycolytic activity showed further experimental reduction compared to controls, and only in everolimus recipients. CRP dropped precipitously during early treatment, but did so equally in all arms; over the entire period of treatment, the rate of decline of CRP tended to be greater in CC-11050 recipients than in controls but this fell short of statistical significance. Whole blood mycobactericidal activity in ex-vivo culture was enhanced by auranofin compared to controls, but not by other HDTs. CONCLUSIONS None of these early biomarkers correctly predicted HDT effects on inflammation or infection across all four experimental arms. Instead, they each appear to show highly specific responses related to HDT mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Wallis
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Trevor Beattie
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, School of Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Vinodh A. Edward
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, School of Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Schools of Pathology (VAE) and Medicine (MDTV), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Rassool
- Schools of Pathology (VAE) and Medicine (MDTV), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Katherine Fielding
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mboyo D. T. Vangu
- Schools of Pathology (VAE) and Medicine (MDTV), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Duong M, Usman A, Ma J, Xie Y, Huang J, Zaman M, Dragoman A, Jiatong Chen S, Farooqi M, Raina P. Associations between lung function and physical and cognitive health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA): A cross-sectional study from a multicenter national cohort. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003909. [PMID: 35139083 PMCID: PMC8870596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low lung function is associated with high mortality and adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes. Less is known of its association with broader health indices such as self-reported respiratory symptoms, perceived general health, and cognitive and physical performance. The present study seeks to address the association between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), an indicator of lung function, with broad markers of general health, relevant to aging trajectory in the general population. METHODS AND FINDINGS From the Canadian general population, 22,822 adults (58% females, mean age 58.8 years [standard deviation (SD) 9.6]) were enrolled from the community between June 2012 and April 2015 from 11 Canadian cities and 7 provinces. Mixed effects regression was used to assess the cross-sectional relationship between FEV1 with self-reported respiratory symptoms, perceived poor general health, and cognitive and physical performance. All associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking status, and self-reported comorbidities and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Based on the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference values, 38% (n = 8,626) had normal FEV1 (z-scores >0), 37% (n = 8,514) mild (z-score 0 to > -1 SD), 19% (n = 4,353) moderate (z-score -1 to > -2 SD), and 6% (n = 1,329) severely low FEV1 (z-score = < -2 SD). There was a graded association between lower FEV1 with higher aOR [95% CI] of self-reported moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (mild FEV1 1.09 [0.99 to 1.20] p = 0.08, moderate 1.45 [1.28 to 1.63] p < 0.001, and severe 2.67 [2.21 to 3.23] p < 0.001]), perceived poor health (mild 1.07 [0.9 to 1.27] p = 0.45, moderate 1.48 [1.24 to 1.78] p = <0.001, and severe 1.82 [1.42 to 2.33] p < 0.001]), and impaired cognitive performance (mild 1.03 [0.95 to 1.12] p = 0.41, moderate 1.16 [1.04 to 1.28] p < 0.001, and severe 1.40 [1.19 to 1.64] p < 0.001]). Similar graded association was observed between lower FEV1 with lower physical performance on gait speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, standing balance, and handgrip strength. These associations were consistent across different strata by age, sex, tobacco smoking, obstructive, and nonobstructive impairment on spirometry. A limitation of the current study is the observational nature of these findings and that causality cannot be inferred. CONCLUSIONS We observed graded associations between lower FEV1 with higher odds of disabling respiratory symptoms, perceived poor general health, and lower cognitive and physical performance. These findings support the broader implications of measured lung function on general health and aging trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MyLinh Duong
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Usman
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yangqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Michele Zaman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alex Dragoman
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Steven Jiatong Chen
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Malik Farooqi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Sørensen KG, Øymar K, Dalen I, Halvorsen T, Mikalsen IB. Asthma, atopy and lung function in young adults after hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in infancy: impact of virus and sex. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001095. [PMID: 35046087 PMCID: PMC8772454 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospitalisation for bronchiolitis is a risk factor for asthma and impaired lung function during childhood, but outcomes in young adults are poorly described. Our primary aim was to study the prevalence of asthma and atopy, and lung function at 17–20 years of age after bronchiolitis in infancy and, secondarily, the impact of viral aetiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vs non-RSV) and sex on these outcomes. Methods This Norwegian cohort study enrolled 225 young adults hospitalised for bronchiolitis in infancy during 1996–2001 and 167 matched control subjects. The follow-up included questionnaires for asthma and examinations of lung function and atopy. Outcomes were analysed by mixed effects regressions. Results Current asthma was more frequent in the postbronchiolitis group versus the control group: 25.1% (95% CI 19.0% to 31.2%) vs 13.1% (95% CI 7.9% to 18.2%), but not atopy: 44.3% (95% CI 37.1% to 51.5%) vs 48.2% (95% CI 40.5% to 55.8%), adjusted predicted proportions (95% CIs). Asthma prevalence did not differ between the RSV group and the non-RSV group: 24.0% (95% CI 16.1% to 32.0%) vs 23.8% (95% CI 12.8% to 34.7%) nor between sexes. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the ratio FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC, were lower in the postbronchiolitis group. Conclusion Young adults hospitalised for bronchiolitis had higher prevalence of asthma, but not atopy, and a more obstructive lung function pattern than control subjects. The asthma prevalence was high after both RSV bronchiolitis and non-RSV bronchiolitis, and there was no difference between sexes. Bronchiolitis in infancy is associated with respiratory morbidity persisting into young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Galta Sørensen
- Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway .,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Øymar
- Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Paediatric Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Bruun Mikalsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Cardiovascular Morbidity in Individuals with Impaired FEV1. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:163-182. [PMID: 35038132 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is intended to give an overview of the epidemiology of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with impaired lung function with an emphasis on patients with COPD. RECENT FINDINGS Despite shared risk factors, lung disease is an emerging independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardio-vascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Both CVD and chronic lung disease contribute significantly to overall mortality. Especially patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at high risk for CVD-related mortality. In patients with chronic lung disease, a low index of suspicion should be maintained to assess for CVD and vice versa. Early detection of chronic lung disease as a potentially modifiable CVD risk factor could have important impact on patient outcomes.
Collapse
|
63
|
Ramsey KA, Schultz A. Monitoring disease progression in childhood bronchiectasis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1010016. [PMID: 36186641 PMCID: PMC9523123 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis (not related to cystic fibrosis) is a chronic lung disease caused by a range of etiologies but characterized by abnormal airway dilatation, recurrent respiratory symptoms, impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Patients typically experience episodes of chronic wet cough and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Early diagnosis and management of childhood bronchiectasis are essential to prevent respiratory decline, optimize quality of life, minimize pulmonary exacerbations, and potentially reverse bronchial disease. Disease monitoring potentially allows for (1) the early detection of acute exacerbations, facilitating timely intervention, (2) tracking the rate of disease progression for prognostic purposes, and (3) quantifying the response to therapies. This narrative review article will discuss methods for monitoring disease progression in children with bronchiectasis, including lung imaging, respiratory function, patient-reported outcomes, respiratory exacerbations, sputum biomarkers, and nutritional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - André Schultz
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lenhardt R, Varbanova M, Maggard B. Preoperative preparation and premedication of bariatric surgical patient. Saudi J Anaesth 2022; 16:287-298. [PMID: 35898527 PMCID: PMC9311181 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_140_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has tripled worldwide over the past four decades. The United States has the highest rates of obesity, with 88% of the population being overweight and 36% obese. The UK has the sixth highest prevalence of obesity. The problem of obesity is not isolated to the developed world and has increasingly become an issue in the developing world as well. Obesity carries an increased risk of many serious diseases and health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, and certain cancers. Our ability to take care of this population safely throughout the perioperative period begins with a thorough and in-depth preoperative assessment and meticulous preparation. The preoperative assessment begins with being able to identify patients who suffer from obesity by using diagnostic criteria and, furthermore, being able to identify patients whose obesity is causing pathologic and physiologic changes. A detailed and thorough anesthesia assessment should be performed, and the anesthesia plan individualized and tailored to the specific patient's risk factors and comorbidities. The important components of the preoperative anesthesia assessment and patient preparation in the patient suffering from obesity include history and physical examination, airway assessment, medical comorbidities evaluation, functional status determination, risk assessment, preoperative testing, current weight loss medication, and review of any prior weight loss surgeries and their implications on the upcoming anesthetic. The preoperative evaluation of this population should occur with sufficient time before the planned operation to allow for modifications of the preoperative management without needing to delay surgery as the perioperative management of patients suffering from obesity presents significant practical and organizational challenges.
Collapse
|
65
|
Collaro AJ, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Chatfield MD, Dent A, Fong KM, McElrea MS. Association of Gas Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide with Cardiovascular Morbidity and Survival in a Disadvantaged Clinical Population. Lung 2022; 200:783-792. [PMID: 36273051 PMCID: PMC9589745 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and spirometry values are associated with increased mortality risk. However, associations between mortality risk and cardiovascular disease with the transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (KCO) and alveolar volume (VA) are unknown. This cohort study: (i) evaluated whether DLCO, KCO, and VA abnormalities are independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and/or elevated mortality risk and, (ii) compared these associations with those using spirometry values. METHODS Gas-diffusing capacity and spirometry data of 1165 adults seen at specialist respiratory outreach clinics over an 8-year period (241 with cardiovascular disease; 108 deceased) were analysed using multivariable Cox and logistic regression. RESULTS DLCO, KCO, and VA values below the lower limit of normal (< - 1.64 Z-scores) were associated with elevated cardiovascular disease prevalence [respective odds ratios of 1.83 (95% CI 1.31-2.55), 1.56 (95% CI 1.08-2.25), 2.20 (95% CI 1.60-3.01)] and increased all-cause mortality risk [respective hazard ratios of 2.99 (95% CI 1.83-4.90), 2.14 (95% CI 1.38-3.32), 2.75 (95% CI 1.18-2.58)], after adjustment for factors including age, personal smoking, and respiratory disease. Compared to similar levels of spirometry abnormality, DLCO, KCO, and VA were associated with similar or greater mortality risk, and similar cardiovascular disease prevalence. Analysis of only those patients with clinical normal spirometry values (n = 544) showed these associations persisted for DLCO. CONCLUSION Low DLCO, KCO, and VA measurements are associated with cardiovascular disease prevalence. As risk factors of all-cause mortality, they are more sensitive than spirometry even among patients with no diagnosed respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Collaro
- grid.240562.7Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Anne B. Chang
- grid.240562.7Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.271089.50000 0000 8523 7955Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Julie M. Marchant
- grid.240562.7Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Mark D. Chatfield
- grid.271089.50000 0000 8523 7955Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Annette Dent
- grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kwun M. Fong
- grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Margaret S. McElrea
- grid.240562.7Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Trzmiel T, Pieczyńska A, Zasadzka E, Pawlaczyk M. The Impact of Lifetime Work and Non-work Physical Activity on Physical Fitness Among White – and Blue – Collar Retirees: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745929. [PMID: 34977059 PMCID: PMC8714832 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The literature offers significant amount of data on the effects of occupational activity on health, with a distinct link between retirement and health among the most frequently tackled topics. Studies on the relationship between past occupational activity and physical fitness among older retirees remain scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of physical activity on physical fitness in white- and blue-collar retirees. Methods: A total of 200 participants (aged ≥60) were included in the study. Lifetime physical activity was assessed using the Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mean MET/week/year values of total Physical Activity and for each domain separately (occupational, sports, household) were calculated. Participants were stratified to blue- or white- collar group. Physical performance, hand-grip strength (HGS) and pulmonary function were assessed. Results: Mean total MET/week/year values for the blue- and the white-collar workers were 140.48 ± 55.13 and 100.75 ± 35.98, respectively. No statistically significant differences in physical performance scores were found between the white- and blue- collar groups. Adjustment for age, sex weight and height revealed a statistically significant association between work-related PA FEV*1 in the blue-collar group. White – collar workers presented higher odds ratio for membership in highest quartile in regard to short physical performance battery test score. Conclusion: Only minimal association of type of occupation on physical fitness were found despite statistically significant differences between mean intensity and duration of sports- and work-related lifetime physical activity. These findings may indicate that the type of past work is not an independent factor influencing the state of a person in old age. Large-scale investigations with physically fit and unfit participants, are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Trzmiel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Trzmiel
| | - Anna Pieczyńska
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Zasadzka
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariola Pawlaczyk
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Early Childhood Pneumonia Is Associated with Reduced Lung Function and Asthma in First Nations Australian Children and Young Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245727. [PMID: 34945022 PMCID: PMC8706766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some but not all previous studies report that pneumonia in children aged less than five years is associated with lower lung function and elevated risk of respiratory disease. To date, none have explored these associations in at-risk populations such as First Nations Australians, whose incidence of early childhood pneumonia is among the highest reported in the world. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1276 First Nations Australian children/young adults aged 5–25 years recruited from regional/remote Queensland and Northern Territory communities and schools. Associations between pneumonia and both spirometry values and asthma were investigated using linear and logistic regression. Results: Early childhood pneumonia was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC Z-scores, but not FEV1/FVC% Z-scores, when occurring before age three (FEV1 β = −0.42, [95%CI −0.79, −0.04]; FVC β = −0.62, [95%CI −1.14, −0.09]), and between three and five years (β = −0.50, [95%CI −0.88, −0.12]; β = −0.63, [95%CI −1.17, −0.10]), compared to those who never had pneumonia. Similarly, pneumonia occurring when aged before age three years (OR = 3.68, 95%CI 1.96–6.93) and three to five years (OR = 4.81, 95%CI 1.46–15.8) was associated with increased risk of asthma in later childhood. Conclusions: Early childhood pneumonia is associated with lung function deficits and increased asthma risk in later childhood/early adulthood in First Nations Australians. The disproportionate impact of pneumonia on at-risk children must be addressed as a priority.
Collapse
|
68
|
He D, Sun Y, Gao M, Wu Q, Cheng Z, Li J, Zhou Y, Ying K, Zhu Y. Different Risks of Mortality and Longitudinal Transition Trajectories in New Potential Subtypes of the Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:755855. [PMID: 34859011 PMCID: PMC8631955 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.755855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), characterized by the decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) with a preserved FEV1/FVC ratio, is highly prevalent and heterogeneous. We aimed to identify the subtypes of PRISm and examine their differences in clinical characteristics, long-term mortality risks, and longitudinal transition trajectories. Methods: A total of 6,616 eligible subjects were included from the English longitudinal study of aging. Two subtypes of the PRISm were identified as mild PRISm (either of FEV1 and FVC <80% predicted value, FEV1/FVC ≥0.7) and severe PRISm (both FEV1 and FVC <80% predicted values, FEV1/FVC ≥0.7). Normal spirometry was defined as both FEV1 and FVC ≥80% predicted values and FEV1/FVC ≥0.7. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated by the multiple Cox regression models. Longitudinal transition trajectories were described with repeated spirometry data. Results: At baseline, severe PRISm had increased respiratory symptoms, including higher percentages of phlegm, wheezing, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema than mild PRISm. After an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, severe PRISm significantly increased the risks of all-cause mortality (HR=1.91, 95%CI = 1.58–2.31), respiratory mortality (HR = 6.02, 95%CI = 2.83–12.84), and CVD mortality (HR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.42–3.13) compared with the normal spirometry, but no significantly increased risks were found for mild PRISm. In the two longitudinal transitions, mild PRISm tended to transition toward normal spirometry (40.2 and 54.7%), but severe PRISm tended to maintain the status (42.4 and 30.4%) or transition toward Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)2–4 (28.3 and 33.9%). Conclusion: Two subtypes of PRISm were identified. Severe PRISm had increased respiratory symptoms, higher mortality risks, and a higher probability of progressing to GOLD2–4 than mild PRISm. These findings provided new evidence for the stratified management of PRISm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musong Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxue Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Collaro AJ, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Chatfield MD, Blake TL, McElrea MS. How do Cormic Index profiles contribute to differences in spirometry values between White and First Nations Australian children? Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3966-3974. [PMID: 34583422 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirometry values of First Nations Australian children are lower than White children. One explanation relates to differences in the sitting-height/standing-height ratio (Cormic Index), as this accounts for up to half the observed differences in spirometry values between White children and other ethnicities. We investigated whether the Cormic Index of First Nations children differs from White children and if this explains the lower spirometry values of First Nations children. METHODS First Nations children (n = 619) aged 8-16 years were recruited from nine Queensland communities. Their spirometry and Cormic Index data were compared to that of White children (n = 907) aged 8-16 years from the NHANES III dataset. RESULTS FEV1 and FVC of First Nations children was 8% lower for children aged 8-11.9 years and 9%-10% lower for children aged 12-16 years. The Cormic Index was statistically lower in the First Nations 8-11.9 years group (median = 0.515, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.506-0.525) compared with White children (0.519, IQR: 0.511-0.527), and this difference was greater in the 12-16 years group (0.505, IQR: 0.492-0.516; 0.520, IQR: 0.510-0.529). Adjusting for age, sex, and standing height, lower Cormic Index of First Nations children accounts for 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7%-21%) of FEV1 and 15% (95% CI: 8%-21%) of FVC differences in the younger group, and 26% (95% CI: 16%-37%) of FEV1 and 31% (95% CI: 19%-42%) of FVC differences in the older group. CONCLUSION Ethnic differences in Cormic Index partly account for why healthy First Nations Australian children have lower spirometry values than White children. As childhood spirometry values impact adult health, other contributing factors require attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Collaro
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamara L Blake
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret S McElrea
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lifetime burden of disease due to incident tuberculosis: a global reappraisal including post-tuberculosis sequelae. THE LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e1679-e1687. [PMID: 34798027 PMCID: PMC8609280 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many individuals who survive tuberculosis disease face ongoing disability and elevated mortality risks. However, the impact of post-tuberculosis sequelae is generally omitted from policy analyses and disease burden estimates. We therefore estimated the global burden of tuberculosis, inclusive of post-tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. Methods We constructed a hypothetical cohort of individuals developing tuberculosis in 2019, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. We simulated lifetime health outcomes for this cohort, stratified by country, age, sex, HIV status, and treatment status. We used disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to summarise fatal and non-fatal health losses attributable to tuberculosis, during the disease episode and afterwards. We estimated post-tuberculosis mortality and morbidity based on the decreased lung function caused by pulmonary tuberculosis disease. Findings Globally, we estimated 122 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 98–151) million DALYs due to incident tuberculosis disease in 2019, with 58 (38–83) million DALYs attributed to post-tuberculosis sequelae, representing 47% (95% UI 37–57) of the total burden estimate. The increase in burden from post-tuberculosis varied substantially across countries and regions, driven largely by differences in estimated case fatality for the disease episode. We estimated 12·1 DALYs (95% UI 10·0–14·9) per incident tuberculosis case, of which 6·3 DALYs (5·6–7·0) were from the disease episode and 5·8 DALYs (3·8–8·3) were from post-tuberculosis. Per-case post-tuberculosis burden estimates were greater for younger individuals, and in countries with high incidence rates. The burden of post-tuberculosis was spread over the remaining lifetime of tuberculosis survivors, with almost a third of total DALYs (28%, 95% UI 23–34) accruing 15 or more years after incident tuberculosis. Interpretation Post-tuberculosis sequelae add substantially to the overall disease burden caused by tuberculosis. This hitherto unquantified burden has been omitted from most previous policy analyses. Future policy analyses and burden estimates should take better account of post-tuberculosis, to avoid the potential misallocation of funding, political attention, and research effort resulting from continued neglect of this issue. Funding National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
|
71
|
Keeping Pace with Adolescent Asthma: A Practical Approach to Optimizing Care. Pulm Ther 2021; 8:123-137. [PMID: 34743311 PMCID: PMC8571974 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Known for their pre-occupation with body image, self-identity creation, peer acceptance, and risk-taking behaviors, adolescents with asthma face unique challenges. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and accurate diagnosis requires assessment through detailed clinical history, examination, and objective tests. Diagnostic challenges exist as many adolescents can present with asthma-like symptoms but do not respond to asthma treatment and risk being mis-diagnosed. Under-recognition of asthma symptoms and denial of disease severity must also be addressed. The over-reliance on short-acting beta-agonists in the absence of anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma is now deemed unsafe. Adolescents with mild asthma benefit from symptom-driven treatment with combination inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) on an as-required basis. For those with moderate-to-persistent asthma requiring daily controller therapy, maintenance and reliever therapy using the same ICS-LABA controller simplifies treatment regimes, while serving to reduce exacerbation risk. A developmentally staged approach based on factors affecting asthma control in early, middle, and late adolescence enables better understanding of the individual's therapeutic needs. Biological, psychological, and social factors help formulate a risk assessment profile in adolescents with difficult-to-treat and severe asthma. Smoking increases risks of developing asthma symptoms, lung function deterioration, and asthma exacerbations. Morbidity associated with e-cigarettes or vaping calls for robust efforts towards smoking and vaping cessation and abstinence. As adolescents progress from child-centered to adult-oriented care, coordination and planning are required to improve their self-efficacy to ready them for transition. Frequent flare-ups of asthma can delay academic attainment and adversely affect social and physical development. In tandem with healthcare providers, community and schools can link up to help shoulder this burden, optimizing care for adolescents with asthma.
Collapse
|
72
|
Towards early risk biomarkers: serum metabolic signature in childhood predicts cardio-metabolic risk in adulthood. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103611. [PMID: 34628356 PMCID: PMC8511803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases may originate in childhood. Biomarkers identifying individuals with increased risk for disease are needed to support early detection and to optimise prevention strategies. METHODS In this prospective study, by applying a machine learning to high throughput NMR-based metabolomics data, we identified circulating childhood metabolic predictors of adult cardiovascular disease risk (MetS score) in a cohort of 396 females, followed from childhood (mean age 11·2 years) to early adulthood (mean age 18·1 years). The results obtained from the discovery cohort were validated in a large longitudinal birth cohort of females and males followed from puberty to adulthood (n = 2664) and in four cross-sectional data sets (n = 6341). FINDINGS The identified childhood metabolic signature included three circulating biomarkers, glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), large high-density lipoprotein phospholipids (L-HDL-PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoB/ApoA) that were associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk in early adulthood (AUC = 0·641‒0·802, all p<0·01). These associations were confirmed in all validation cohorts with similar effect estimates both in females (AUC = 0·667‒0·905, all p<0·01) and males (AUC = 0·734‒0·889, all p<0·01) as well as in elderly patients with and without type 2 diabetes (AUC = 0·517‒0·700, all p<0·01). We subsequently applied random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis, which suggested bidirectional causal relationship between metabolic biomarkers and cardio-metabolic risk score from childhood to early adulthood. INTERPRETATION These results provide evidence for the utility of a circulating metabolomics panel to identify children and adolescents at risk for future cardiovascular disease, to whom preventive measures and follow-up could be indicated. FUNDING This study was financially supported by the Academy of Finland, Ministry of Education of Finland and University of Jyv€askyl€a, the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant 31571219), the 111 Project (B17029), the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhiyuan Foundation (Grant CP2014013), China Postdoc Scholarship Council (201806230001), the Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong SAR's Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF grants 15162161 and 07181036) and the CUHK Direct Grants for Research (2016¢033 and 2018¢034), and a postdoctoral fellowship from K. Carole Ellison (to T.W.). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. NFBC1966 received financial support from University of Oulu Grant no. 24000692, Oulu University Hospital Grant no. 24301140, ERDF European Regional Development Fund Grant no. 539/2010 A31592. This work was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme LongITools 874739.
Collapse
|
73
|
Wang J, Dai H, Chen C, Ding G, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Xiang Q. Relationship between lung function impairment, hypertension, and major adverse cardiovascular events: A 10-year follow-up study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1930-1938. [PMID: 34530489 PMCID: PMC8678850 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung function impairment and hypertension, especially hypertension, are risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, the relationships among lung function impairment, hypertension, and MACEs have not been well‐reported. We aimed to investigate the association between lung function and hypertension and MACEs. We studied 6769 people who were a representative sample of the general population in Jiangsu Province using the multi‐stage stratified cluster sampling method. The average age was 51.54 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationships between the blood pressure status and various types of lung function impairment related to MACEs. Over a follow‐up of 10 years, 236 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, education, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, creatine and use of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.154, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.565–2.966], and restrictive lung function impairment (RLFI) (HR = 1.398, 95% CI: 1.021–1.879) were independently associated with MACEs. Individuals with hypertension and RFLI had the highest risk for MACEs (HR = 2.930, 95% CI: 1.734–4.953) and stroke (HR = 3.296, 95% CI: 1.862–5.832). Moreover, when combined with hypertension, obstructive lung function impairment (OLFI) (HR = 2.376, 95% CI: 1.391–4.056) and mixed lung function impairment (MLFI) (HR = 2.423, 95% CI: 1.203–4.882) were associated with MACEs. There is a synergistic effect of lung function impairment (especially RLFI) and hypertension on MACEs. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the incidence of MACEs in individuals with impaired lung function, especially those who have hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ganling Ding
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Collaro AJ, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Chatfield MD, Dent A, Blake T, Mawn P, Fong K, McElrea MS. Associations between lung function and future cardiovascular morbidity and overall mortality in a predominantly First Nations population: a cohort study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 13:100188. [PMID: 34527981 PMCID: PMC8403916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Spirometric lung function impairment is an independent predictor of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and mortality across a broad range of socioeconomic backgrounds and environmental settings. No contemporary studies have explored these relationships in a predominantly regional/remote First Nations population, whose health outcomes are worse than for non-First Nations populations, and First Nations people living in urban centres. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 1,734 adults (1,113 First Nations) referred to specialist respiratory outreach clinics in the state of Queensland, Australia from February 2012 to March 2020. Regression modelling was used to test associations between lung function and mortality and cardiovascular disease. Findings At the time of analysis (August 2020), 189 patients had died: 88 (47%) from respiratory causes and 38 (20%) from cardiovascular causes. When compared to patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) Z-scores of >0 to -1, patients with Z-scores <-1 were at elevated mortality risk (HR=3•2, 95%CI 1•4-7•4; HR=2•6, 95%CI 1•3-5•1), and elevated cardiovascular disease risk (OR=1•5, 95%CI 1•1-2•2; OR=1•6, 95%CI 1•2-2•3). FEV1/FVC% Z-scores <-1 were associated with increased overall mortality (HR=1•6, 95%CI 1•1-2•3), but not cardiovascular disease (OR=1•1, 95%CI 0•8-1•4). These associations were not affected by First Nations status. Interpretation Reduced lung function even within the clinically normal range is associated with increased mortality, and cardiovascular disease in First Nations Australians. These findings highlight the importance of lung function optimisation and inform the need for future investment to improve outcomes in First Nations populations. Funding None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Collaro
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annette Dent
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamara Blake
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patsi Mawn
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kwun Fong
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret S McElrea
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kawakami R, Nakada Y, Hashimoto Y, Ueda T, Nakagawa H, Nishida T, Onoue K, Soeda T, Watanabe M, Saito Y. Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Pulmonary Function Test Abnormalities in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ J 2021; 85:1426-1434. [PMID: 33867406 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the prevalence and prognostic impact of lung function abnormalities in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and Results:Of the 1,012 consecutive patients who were admitted to Nara Medical University with ADHF between 2011 and 2018, 657 routinely underwent spirometry (pulmonary function test [PFT]) before discharge. Lung function was classified as normal or abnormal (restrictive, obstructive, or mixed). Abnormal PFTs were seen in 63.0% of patients with ADHF (36.7%, 13.1%, and 13.2% for restrictive, obstructive, and mixed, respectively). The prevalence of abnormal PFT increased with age (P<0.001). Overall, abnormal PFT was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization for HF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.402; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.039-1.914; P=0.027). Abnormal PFT (adjusted HR 2.294; 95% CI 1.368-4.064; P=0.001), as well as the restrictive (HR 2.299; 95% CI 1.322-4.175; P=0.003) and mixed (HR 2.784; 95% CI 1.399-5.581; P=0.004) patterns, were predictive of the composite endpoint in HFpEF, but not in HFrEF. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal PFT was prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in ADHF. Spirometry may be a useful tool in patients with ADHF, especially in those with HFpEF, to identify those at higher risk of a poorer outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasuki Nakada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Tomoya Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Taku Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Tsunenari Soeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Bhakta NR, Kaminsky DA, Bime C, Thakur N, Hall GL, McCormack MC, Stanojevic S. Addressing Race in Pulmonary Function Testing by Aligning Intent and Evidence With Practice and Perception. Chest 2021; 161:288-297. [PMID: 34437887 PMCID: PMC8783030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of using race or ethnicity in medicine to explain differences between individuals is being called into question because it may contribute to biased medical care and research that perpetuates health disparities and structural racism. A commonly cited example is the use of race or ethnicity in the interpretation of pulmonary function test (PFT) results, yet the perspectives of practicing pulmonologists and physiologists are missing from this discussion. This discussion has global relevance for increasingly multicultural communities in which the range of values that represent normal lung function is uncertain. We review the underlying sources of differences in lung function, including those that may be captured by race or ethnicity, and demonstrate how the current practice of PFT measurement and interpretation is imperfect in its ability to describe accurately the relationship between function and health outcomes. We summarize the arguments against using race-specific equations as well as address concerns about removing race from the interpretation of PFT results. Further, we outline knowledge gaps and critical questions that need to be answered to change the current approach of including race or ethnicity in PFT results interpretation thoughtfully. Finally, we propose changes in interpretation strategies and future research to reduce health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav R Bhakta
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | | | - Christian Bime
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Science, Tucson, AZ
| | - Neeta Thakur
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Graham L Hall
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute and School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Cheng YJ, Chen ZG, Yao FJ, Liu LJ, Zhang M, Wu SH. Airflow obstruction, impaired lung function and risk of sudden cardiac death: a prospective cohort study. Thorax 2021; 77:652-662. [PMID: 34417352 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that compromised lung health may be linked to cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its association with sudden cardiac death (SCD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the link between impaired lung function, airflow obstruction and risk of SCD by race and gender in four US communities. METHODS A total of 14 708 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants who underwent spirometry and were asked about lung health (1987-1989) were followed. The main outcome was physician-adjudicated SCD. Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazard models with Firth's penalised partial likelihood correction were used to estimate the HRs. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 25.4 years, 706 (4.8%) subjects experienced SCD. The incidence of SCD was inversely associated with FEV1 in each of the four race and gender groups and across all smoking status categories. After adjusting for multiple measured confounders, HRs of SCD comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of FEV1 were 2.62 (95% CI 1.62 to 4.26) for white males, 1.80 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.15) for white females, 2.07 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.11) for black males and 2.62 (95% CI 1.21 to 5.65) for black females. The above associations were consistently observed among the never smokers. Moderate to very severe airflow obstruction was associated with increased risk of SCD. Addition of FEV1 significantly improved the predictive power for SCD. CONCLUSIONS Impaired lung function and airflow obstruction were associated with increased risk of SCD in general population. Additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Juan Yao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Hua Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China .,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chang AB, Boyd J, Bell L, Goyal V, Masters IB, Powell Z, Wilson C, Zacharasiewicz A, Alexopoulou E, Bush A, Chalmers JD, Fortescue R, Hill AT, Karadag B, Midulla F, McCallum GB, Snijders D, Song WJ, Tonia T, Grimwood K, Kantar A. Clinical and research priorities for children and young people with bronchiectasis: an international roadmap. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00122-2021. [PMID: 34291113 PMCID: PMC8287136 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00122-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of children and young people (CYP) with bronchiectasis is being recognised increasingly. They experience a poor quality of life and recurrent respiratory exacerbations requiring additional treatment, including hospitalisation. However, there are no published data on patient-driven clinical needs and/or research priorities for paediatric bronchiectasis. Parent/patient-driven views are required to understand the clinical needs and research priorities to inform changes that benefit CYP with bronchiectasis and reduce their disease burden. The European Lung Foundation and the European Respiratory Society Task Force for paediatric bronchiectasis created an international roadmap of clinical and research priorities to guide, and as an extension of, the clinical practice guideline. This roadmap was based on two global web-based surveys. The first survey (10 languages) was completed by 225 respondents (parents of CYP with bronchiectasis and adults with bronchiectasis diagnosed in childhood) from 21 countries. The parent/patient survey encompassed both clinical and research priorities. The second survey, completed by 258 health practitioners from 54 countries, was limited to research priorities. The two highest clinical needs expressed by parents/patients were: having an action management plan for flare-ups/exacerbations and access to physiotherapists. The two highest health practitioners’ research priorities related to eradication of airway pathogens and optimal airway clearance techniques. Based on both surveys, the top 10 research priorities were derived, and unanimous consensus statements were formulated from these priorities. This document addresses parents'/patients' clinical and research priorities from both the parents'/patients' and clinicians' perspectives and will help guide research and clinical efforts to improve the lives of people with bronchiectasis. This document is an international roadmap on parents’/patients’ clinical and research priorities from both the parents’/patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives to help guide research and clinical efforts to improve the lives of people with bronchiectasishttps://bit.ly/3xoonwi
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Leanne Bell
- European Lung Foundation Bronchiectasis Paediatric Patient Advisory Group, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vikas Goyal
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Brent Masters
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zena Powell
- European Lung Foundation Bronchiectasis Paediatric Patient Advisory Group, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christine Wilson
- Dept of Physiotherapy, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Zacharasiewicz
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Teaching Hospital of the University of Vienna, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Efthymia Alexopoulou
- 2nd Radiology Dept, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Bush
- Dept of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- College of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Rebecca Fortescue
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam T Hill
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bulent Karadag
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Dept of Maternal Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabrielle B McCallum
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Woo-Jung Song
- Dept of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Depts of Infectious Disease and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,These authors contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Ponte San Pietro, Bergamo, Italy.,These authors contributed equally as senior authors
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Collaro AJ, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Chatfield MD, Dent A, Blake T, Mawn P, Fong K, McElrea MS. Determinants and Follow-up of Lung Function Data from a Predominantly First Nations Cohort of Adults Referred to Specialist Respiratory Outreach Clinics in Regional and Remote Queensland. Lung 2021; 199:417-425. [PMID: 34218310 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Northern Territory (NT)-based clinical service data suggest substantial lung function impairment amongst First Nations adults as young as 18-40 years. Our objectives were to describe the burden of disease and lung function of adults living in regional-remote Queensland, identify determinants of lung function, and evaluate the impact of a specialist respiratory outreach service on lung function. METHODS Retrospective 8-year cohort study (February 2012-March 2020) of 1113 First Nations Australian adults (and 648 non-First Nations adults) referred to respiratory outreach clinics in regional-remote Queensland. RESULTS In the combined cohort, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was clinically abnormal for 54% of First Nations patients (51% of non-First Nations patients), forced vital capacity (FVC) for 46% (36%), FEV1/FVC% for 30% (36%), and gas diffusing capacity (DLCO) for 44% (37%). A respiratory diagnosis was assigned by a respiratory physician in 78% of First Nations (76% non-First Nations) patients. Smoking, household smoke exposure, underweight BMI, and respiratory disease were associated with reduced lung function. In the 40% of patients (709/1765) followed up, FEV1 and FVC significantly improved (mean change: zFEV1 = 0.15 [95% CI 0.10-0.20]; zFVC = 0.25 [0.20, 0.31]), and FEV1/FVC% significantly reduced (mean = - 0.10 [95%CI - 0.07 to - 0.03]), with no significant change in DLCO. Patients with COPD had lower FEV1 improvement, whilst underweight and obese patients had lower FVC improvement. CONCLUSION Regional-remote First Nations adult Queenslanders have higher lung function than previously reported, with no lung function decline observed at follow-up visit, including for those with respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Collaro
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Anne B Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lusia, QLD, Australia
| | - Annette Dent
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia.,Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Tamara Blake
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lusia, QLD, Australia
| | - Patsi Mawn
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Kwun Fong
- Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lusia, QLD, Australia.,Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Margaret S McElrea
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Level 5a, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Cheng YJ, Chen ZG, Li ZY, Mei WY, Bi WT, Luo DL. Longitudinal change in lung function and subsequent risks of cardiovascular events: evidence from four prospective cohort studies. BMC Med 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 34210292 PMCID: PMC8252272 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung function is constantly changing over the life course. Although the relation of cross-sectional lung function measure and adverse outcomes has been reported, data on longitudinal change and subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events risks are scarce. Therefore, this study is to determine the association of longitudinal change in lung function and subsequent cardiovascular risks. METHODS This study analyzed the data from four prospective cohorts. Subjects with at least two lung function tests were included. We calculated the rate of forced respiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) decline for each subject and categorized them into quartiles. The primary outcome was CV events, defined as a composite of coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), stroke, and any CV death. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied. RESULTS The final sample comprised 12,899 participants (mean age 48.58 years; 43.61% male). Following an average of 14.79 (10.69) years, 3950 CV events occurred. Compared with the highest FEV1 quartile (Q4), the multivariable HRs for the lowest (Q1), 2nd (Q2), and 3rd quartiles (Q3) were 1.33 (95%CI 1.19, 1.49), 1.30 (1.16, 1.46), and 1.07 (0.95, 1.21), respectively. Likewise, compared with the reference quartile (Q4), the group that experienced a faster decline in FVC had higher HRs for CV events (1.06 [95%CI 0.94-1.20] for Q3, 1.15 [1.02-1.30] for Q2, and 1.28 [1.14-1.44] for Q1). The association remained robust across a series of sensitivity analyses and nearly all subgroups but was more evident in subjects < 60 years. CONCLUSIONS We observed a monotonic increase in risks of CV events with a faster decline in FEV1 and FVC. These findings emphasize the value of periodic evaluation of lung function and open new opportunities for disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen-Guang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Yu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi Mei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dong-Ling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Dodd PJ, Yuen CM, Jayasooriya SM, van der Zalm MM, Seddon JA. Quantifying the global number of tuberculosis survivors: a modelling study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:984-992. [PMID: 33640076 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who survive tuberculosis face clinical and societal consequences after recovery, including increased risks of recurrent tuberculosis, premature death, reduced lung function, and ongoing stigma. To describe the size of this issue, we aimed to estimate the number of individuals who developed first-episode tuberculosis between 1980 and 2019, the number who survived to 2020, and the number who have been treated within the past 5 years or 2 years. METHODS In this modelling study, we estimated the number of people who survived treated tuberculosis using country-level WHO data on tuberculosis case notifications, excluding those who died during treatment. We estimated the number of individuals surviving untreated tuberculosis using the difference between WHO country-level incidence estimates and notifications, applying published age-stratified and HIV-stratified case fatality ratios. To estimate survival with time, post-tuberculosis life tables were developed for each country-year by use of UN World Population Prospects 2019 mortality rates and published post-tuberculosis mortality hazard ratios. FINDINGS Between 1980 and 2019, we estimate that 363 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 287 million-438 million) developed tuberculosis, of whom 172 million (169 million-174 million) were treated. Individuals who developed tuberculosis between 1980 and 2019 had lived 3480 million life-years (95% UI 3040 million-3920 million) after tuberculosis by 2020, with survivors younger than 15 years at the time of tuberculosis development contributing 12% (95% UI 7-17) of these life-years. We estimate that 155 million tuberculosis survivors (95% UI 138 million-171 million) were alive in 2020, the largest proportion (47% [37-57]) of whom were in the WHO South-East Asia region. Of the tuberculosis survivors who were alive in 2020, we estimate that 18% (95% UI 16-20) were treated in the past 5 years and 8% (7-9) were treated in the past 2 years. INTERPRETATION The number of tuberculosis survivors alive in 2020 is more than ten times the estimated annual tuberculosis incidence. Interventions to alleviate respiratory morbidity, screen for and prevent recurrent tuberculosis, and reduce stigma should be immediately prioritised for recently treated tuberculosis survivors. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, the UK Department for International Development, the National Institute for Health Research, and the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Dodd
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Courtney M Yuen
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marieke M van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James A Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Gaffney AW, Himmelstein DU, Christiani DC, Woolhandler S. Socioeconomic Inequality in Respiratory Health in the US From 1959 to 2018. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181:968-976. [PMID: 34047754 PMCID: PMC8261605 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Air quality has improved and smoking rates have declined over the past half-century in the US. It is unknown whether such secular improvements, and other policies, have helped close socioeconomic gaps in respiratory health. Objective To describe long-term trends in socioeconomic disparities in respiratory disease prevalence, pulmonary symptoms, and pulmonary function. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and predecessor surveys, conducted from 1959 to 2018. included 160 495 participants aged 6 to 74 years. Exposures Family income quintile defined using year-specific thresholds; educational attainment. Main Outcomes and Measures Trends in socioeconomic disparities in prevalence of current/former smoking among adults aged 25 to 74 years; 3 respiratory symptoms (dyspnea on exertion, cough, and wheezing) among adults aged 40 to 74 years; asthma stratified by age (6-11, 12-17, and 18-74 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ([COPD] adults aged 40-74 years); and 3 measures of pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV1/FVC<0.70) among adults aged 24 to 74 years. Results Our sample included 160 495 individuals surveyed between 1959 and 2018: 27 948 children aged 6 to 11 years; 26 956 children aged 12 to 17 years; and 105 591 adults aged 18 to 74 years. Income- and education-based disparities in smoking prevalence widened from 1971 to 2018. Socioeconomic disparities in respiratory symptoms persisted or worsened from 1959 to 2018. For instance, from 1971 to 1975, 44.5% of those in the lowest income quintile reported dyspnea on exertion vs 26.4% of those in the highest quintile, whereas from 2017 to 2018 the corresponding proportions were 48.3% and 27.9%. Disparities in cough and wheezing rose over time. Asthma prevalence rose for all children after 1980, but more sharply among poorer children. Income-based disparities in diagnosed COPD also widened over time, from 4.5 percentage points (age- and sex-adjusted) in 1971 to 11.3 percentage points from 2013 to 2018. Socioeconomic disparities in FEV1 and FVC also increased. For instance, from 1971 to 1975, the age- and height-adjusted FEV1 of men in the lowest income quintile was 203.6 mL lower than men in the highest quintile, a difference that widened to 248.5 mL from 2007 to 2012 (95% CI, -328.0 to -169.0). However, disparities in rates of FEV1/FVC lower than 0.70 changed little. Conclusions and Relevance Socioeconomic disparities in pulmonary health persisted and potentially worsened over the past 6 decades, suggesting that the benefits of improved air quality and smoking reductions have not been equally distributed. Socioeconomic position may function as an independent determinant of pulmonary health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Gaffney
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David U. Himmelstein
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- City University of New York at Hunter College, New York
| | - David C. Christiani
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steffie Woolhandler
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- City University of New York at Hunter College, New York
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Theodorakopoulou MP, Alexandrou ME, Bakaloudi DR, Pitsiou G, Stanopoulos I, Kontakiotis T, Boutou AK. Endothelial dysfunction in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using different functional assessment methods. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00983-2020. [PMID: 34195258 PMCID: PMC8236757 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00983-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD. Endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using any available functional method to examine differences in endothelial function between patients with COPD and individuals without COPD (controls). Methods Literature search involved PubMed and Scopus databases. Eligible studies included adult patients and evaluated endothelial damage via functional methods. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was applied to evaluate the quality of retrieved studies. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity across the studies. Funnel plots were constructed to evaluate publication bias. Results Of the 21 reports initially identified, 19 studies with a total of 968 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. A significantly impaired response in endothelium-dependent (weighted mean between-group difference (WMD) −2.59, 95% CI −3.75 to −1.42) and -independent vasodilation (WMD −3.13, 95% CI −5.18 to −1.09) was observed in patients with COPD compared to controls. When pooling all studies together, regardless of the technique used for assessment of vascular reactivity, pronounced endothelial dysfunction was observed in COPD compared to controls (standardised mean difference (SMD) −1.19, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.68). Subgroup analysis showed that the difference was larger when patients with COPD were compared with nonsmoking controls (SMD −1.75, 95% CI −2.58 to −0.92). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results. Conclusions Patients with COPD have significantly impaired endothelial function compared to controls without COPD. Future studies should delineate the importance of endothelial dysfunction towards development of cardiovascular disease in COPD. COPD is significantly associated with endothelial dysfunction of both conduit vessels and microvasculature. This association is further strengthened when patients with COPD are compared to nonsmoking controls.https://bit.ly/2NlWLFN
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Eleni Alexandrou
- Dept of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Pitsiou
- Dept of Respiratory Failure, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stanopoulos
- Dept of Respiratory Failure, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kontakiotis
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi K Boutou
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Busse PJ, McDonald VM, Wisnivesky JP, Gibson PG. Asthma Across the Ages: Adults. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:1828-1838. [PMID: 32499032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide, across all age ranges. Despite advances in asthma outcomes of the last few decades, there remains room for improvement in asthma management and for patient outcomes, particularly in older patients. The heterogeneity of asthma is now well recognized, and is known to complicate response to treatment and patient behavior and impact health outcomes. Asthma and its heterogeneity change according to age. Asthma affects people differently across the life span. In adults, prevalence is highest among those in middle age; however, mortality is greater in the older age group. In this clinical commentary, we describe how age impacts asthma prevalence and incidence, outcomes, disease expression, and approach to management in adulthood and in older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Busse
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Viruses, Immunology, Vaccines, Asthma (VIVA) Programme, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peter G Gibson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Viruses, Immunology, Vaccines, Asthma (VIVA) Programme, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Ranzieri S, Corradi M. Conducting spirometry in occupational health at COVID-19 times: international standards. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2021; 112:95-106. [PMID: 33881003 PMCID: PMC8095332 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v112i2.11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spirometry is a commonly performed assessment of lung function for diagnostic purposes as well as for monitoring of chronic lung diseases. The last international standardization of this technique was published in 2005. After 14 years, a group of experts from two leading scientific societies, American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS), published a joint position that updated the standardization of spirometry, with an extensive criteria re-organization, including key updates such as: relative contraindications, instrumentation requirement to meet the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, quality assurance, operator training, pre-test requirements, acceptability and usability criteria. New standards underline three key elements to obtain high quality pulmonary function data: an accurate and precise instrumentation, a patient/subject capable of performing acceptable and repeatable measurements, and a motivated technologist to elicit maximum performance from the patient. Never- theless, although COVID-19 pandemic has enormously impacted and limited a widespread application of spirometry, it has prompted much attention on hygienic procedures and on further research on noncontact spirometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ranzieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults.
Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and time to exhaustion, were measured in all subjects. Student T-test for independent Sample and Cohen’s d as the measure of the effect size were calculated.
Results: Recreational basketball-engaged students (EG) reached significantly greater IVC (t = 7.240, p < 0.001, d = 1.854), FEV1 (t = 10.852, p < 0.001, d = 2.834), FEV1/IVC ratio (t = 6.370, p < 0.001, d = 3.920), maximal oxygen consumption (t = 9.039, p < 0.001, d = 3.310), ventilatory threshold (t = 9.859, p < 0.001, d = 3.607) and time to exhaustion (t = 12.361, p < 0.001, d = 4.515) compared to UG.
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to recreational basketball leads to adaptive changes in aerobic and respiratory parameters in male university students.
Collapse
|
87
|
Wallis RS, Ginindza S, Beattie T, Arjun N, Likoti M, Edward VA, Rassool M, Ahmed K, Fielding K, Ahidjo BA, Vangu MDT, Churchyard G. Adjunctive host-directed therapies for pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective, open-label, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2021; 9:897-908. [PMID: 33740465 PMCID: PMC8332197 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Current tuberculosis treatments leave patients with clinically significant lung injury and increased all-cause mortality post-cure. Adjunctive host-directed therapies could protect the lungs, improve long-term survival, and shorten treatment duration; however, few have been tested clinically. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of four host-directed therapies for tuberculosis. Methods In this prospective, open-label, phase 2, randomised controlled trial, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited at three clinical sites in South Africa. Eligible patients were aged 18–65 years, HIV-1-negative, and had rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a sputum Xpert cycle threshold of less than 20, and moderately advanced or far advanced disease on chest radiography. By use of numbers generated in blocks of ten and stratification by site, eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive one of the four oral host-directed treatments plus standard tuberculosis treatment or standard treatment alone (the control group). Host-directed treatments were: CC-11050 (200 mg twice daily, taken with food; day 1–112); everolimus (0·5 mg/day; day 1–112); auranofin (3 mg/day for seven doses, then 6 mg/day; day 1–112); and ergocalciferol (5 mg on day 1, then 2·5 mg on day 28 and day 56). All study participants received oral rifabutin-substituted standard tuberculosis treatment for 180 days. Patients and clinicians were not masked to treatment assignment. Spirometry and sputum culture with solid and liquid media were done at baseline and up to 180 days at specified intervals throughout treatment. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability up to day 210. Secondary preliminary efficacy endpoints were treatment effects on sputum microbiology (culture status at day 56 and the hazard ratio for stable culture conversion up to day 180) and lung function (FEV1 and forced vital capacity [FVC]) measured by spirometry at day 56, day 180, and day 540. Safety was analysed in the intention-to-treat population and preliminary efficacy primarily in the per-protocol population. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02968927. Post-treatment follow-up was completed in 2020. Findings Between Nov 18, 2016, and Sept 27, 2018, 200 patients were screened and randomly assigned to different treatment groups (n=40 per group, apart from n=39 in the everolimus group after one patient withdrew consent). 11 treatment-emergent serious adverse events occurred either during treatment or within 30 days after treatment discontinuation, of which three were attributable to a host-directed treatment. Life-threatening thrombocytopenia occurred in an auranofin recipient; apparent intra-abdominal sepsis leading to death occurred in another auranofin recipient and was classified as a suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction. Tuberculous spondylitis occurred as an apparent paradoxical reaction in a patient receiving ergocalciferol. Two patients in the control group had life-threatening, treatment-attributable liver injury. No treatment-emergent, treatment-attributable serious adverse events occurred in patients receiving CC-11050 or everolimus. Mean FEV1 in the control group was 61·7% of predicted (95% CI 56·3–67·1) at baseline and 69·1% (62·3–75·8) at day 180. Patients treated with CC-11050 and everolimus had increased recovery of FEV1 at day 180 relative to the control group (mean difference from control group 6·30%, 95% CI 0·06–12·54; p=0·048; and 6·56%, 0·18–12·95; p=0·044, respectively), whereas auranofin and ergocalciferol recipients did not. None of the treatments had an effect on FVC during 180 days of follow-up or on measures of sputum culture status over the course of the study. Interpretation CC-11050 and everolimus were safe and reasonably well tolerated as adjunctive therapies for tuberculosis, and analysis of preliminary efficacy suggests they might also enhance the recovery of FEV1, a key measure of lung function and predictor of all-cause mortality. Further studies of these candidates are warranted. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the South African Medical Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Wallis
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Vinodh A Edward
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Rassool
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khatija Ahmed
- Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Katherine Fielding
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Mboyo D T Vangu
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, CM Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Meghji J, Mortimer K, Agusti A, Allwood BW, Asher I, Bateman ED, Bissell K, Bolton CE, Bush A, Celli B, Chiang CY, Cruz AA, Dinh-Xuan AT, El Sony A, Fong KM, Fujiwara PI, Gaga M, Garcia-Marcos L, Halpin DMG, Hurst JR, Jayasooriya S, Kumar A, Lopez-Varela MV, Masekela R, Mbatchou Ngahane BH, Montes de Oca M, Pearce N, Reddel HK, Salvi S, Singh SJ, Varghese C, Vogelmeier CF, Walker P, Zar HJ, Marks GB. Improving lung health in low-income and middle-income countries: from challenges to solutions. Lancet 2021; 397:928-940. [PMID: 33631128 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately high burden of the global morbidity and mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease. CRDs are strongly associated with poverty, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and contribute to complex multi-morbidity, with major consequences for the lives and livelihoods of those affected. The relevance of CRDs to health and socioeconomic wellbeing is expected to increase in the decades ahead, as life expectancies rise and the competing risks of early childhood mortality and infectious diseases plateau. As such, the World Health Organization has identified the prevention and control of NCDs as an urgent development issue and essential to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In this Review, we focus on CRDs in LMICs. We discuss the early life origins of CRDs; challenges in their prevention, diagnosis, and management in LMICs; and pathways to solutions to achieve true universal health coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Meghji
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France.
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian W Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Innes Asher
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Bissell
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiang
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Cochin Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France; European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Asma El Sony
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Epidemiological Laboratory (EPI Lab) for Public Health and Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kwun M Fong
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre and The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, QLD, Australia; Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paula I Fujiwara
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mina Gaga
- Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; BioHealth Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; ARADyAL network, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M G Halpin
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R Hurst
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Academic Unit of Primary Care, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ajay Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Maria V Lopez-Varela
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Refiloe Masekela
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bertrand H Mbatchou Ngahane
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Neil Pearce
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Sally J Singh
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cherian Varghese
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Walker
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Teaching Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather J Zar
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Childrens Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guy B Marks
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lee MK, Kim SB, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Lee WY, Yong SJ, Lee JH, Shin B. Association between airflow limitation and prognosis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:681-688. [PMID: 33717541 PMCID: PMC7947530 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that reduced levels of lung function, characterized by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), are associated with higher respiratory events and mortality in general population and some chronic lung diseases. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a destructive, fatal lung disease caused by Aspergillus infection in non-immunocompromised patients with suboptimal pulmonary function. However, there is limited information on the status and features of CPA according to FEV1. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study to investigate the FEV1 and airflow limitation in patients with CPA between March 2017 and February 2019 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Results Of the 144 CPA patients, 104 underwent spirometry, demonstrating median forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 of 2.35 L (68%) and 1.43 L (62%), respectively. Among them, 56 patients had airflow limitation on PFT, with median FVC, and FEV1 of 2.47 L (73%) and 1.11 L (47%), respectively. Low body mass index (BMI) (20.1 vs. 22.1 kg/m2; P=0.011), breathlessness (60% vs. 20%; P=0.002), and bilateral pulmonary lesions (33.3% vs. 4%; P=0.006) were more common in patients with moderate to very severe airflow limitation than in those with normal to mild airflow limitation. Conclusions Moderate to very severe airflow limitation was observed in 43.3% of patients with CPA. Additionally, low BMI, breathlessness, and bilateral pulmonary lesions contributing to poor prognosis were more common in patients with moderate to very severe airflow limitation than in those with normal to mild airflow limitation. Our findings suggest that airflow limitation can be associated with the prognosis of CPA. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the clinical significance of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Byol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Joong Yong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsu Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Berrier A, Tiotiu A, Bonabel C, Richard D, Nguyen-Thi PL, Demoulin-Alexikova S, Schweitzer C, Ioan I. Assessment of bronchial obstruction and its reversibility by shape indexes of the flow-volume loop in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:226-233. [PMID: 33169929 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Asthma assessment by spirometry is challenging in children as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is frequently normal at baseline. Bronchodilator (BD) reversibility testing may reinforce asthma diagnosis but FEV1 sensitivity in children is controversial. Ventilation inhomogeneity, an early sign of airway obstruction, is described by the upward concavity of the descending limb of the forced expiratory flow-volume loop (FVL), not detected by FEV1. The aim was to test the sensitivity and specificity of FVL shape indexes as β-angle and forced expiratory flow at 50% of the forced vital capacity (FEF50)/peak expiratory flow (PEF) ratio, to identify asthmatics from healthy children in comparison to "usual" spirometric parameters. Seventy-two school-aged asthmatic children and 29 controls were prospectively included. Children performed forced spirometry at baseline and after BD inhalation. Parameters were expressed at baseline as z-scores and BD reversibility as percentage of change reported to baseline value (Δ%). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and sensitivity and specificity at respective thresholds reported. Asthmatics presented significantly smaller zβ-angle, zFEF50/PEF and zFEV1 (p ≤ .04) and higher BD reversibility, significant for Δ%FEF50/PEF (p = .02) with no difference for Δ%FEV1. zβ-angle and zFEF50/PEF exhibited better sensitivity (0.58, respectively 0.60) than zFEV1 (0.50), and similar specificity (0.72). Δ%β-angle showed higher sensitivity compared to Δ%FEV1 (0.72 vs. 0.42), but low specificity (0.52 vs. 0.86). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of FVL by adding shape indexes to spirometry interpretation may improve the ability to detect an airway obstruction, FEV1 reflecting more proximal while shape indexes peripheral bronchial obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Berrier
- Department of Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.,DevAH, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Claude Bonabel
- DevAH, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Function Testing, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - David Richard
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Function Testing, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Phi Linh Nguyen-Thi
- Department of Methodology, Promotion, Investigation-MPI, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Silvia Demoulin-Alexikova
- DevAH, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Function Testing, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Schweitzer
- DevAH, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Function Testing, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Iulia Ioan
- DevAH, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Function Testing, University Children's Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zhao X, Qiao D, Yang C, Kasela S, Kim W, Ma Y, Shrine N, Batini C, Sofer T, Taliun SAG, Sakornsakolpat P, Balte PP, Prokopenko D, Yu B, Lange LA, Dupuis J, Cade BE, Lee J, Gharib SA, Daya M, Laurie CA, Ruczinski I, Cupples LA, Loehr LR, Bartz TM, Morrison AC, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Wilson JG, Taylor KD, Durda P, Johnson WC, Cornell E, Guo X, Liu Y, Tracy RP, Ardlie KG, Aguet F, VanDenBerg DJ, Papanicolaou GJ, Rotter JI, Barnes KC, Jain D, Nickerson DA, Muzny DM, Metcalf GA, Doddapaneni H, Dugan-Perez S, Gupta N, Gabriel S, Rich SS, O'Connor GT, Redline S, Reed RM, Laurie CC, Daviglus ML, Preudhomme LK, Burkart KM, Kaplan RC, Wain LV, Tobin MD, London SJ, Lappalainen T, Oelsner EC, Abecasis GR, Silverman EK, Barr RG, Cho MH, Manichaikul A. Whole genome sequence analysis of pulmonary function and COPD in 19,996 multi-ethnic participants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5182. [PMID: 33057025 PMCID: PMC7598941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diagnosed by reduced lung function, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We performed whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of lung function and COPD in a multi-ethnic sample of 11,497 participants from population- and family-based studies, and 8499 individuals from COPD-enriched studies in the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program. We identify at genome-wide significance 10 known GWAS loci and 22 distinct, previously unreported loci, including two common variant signals from stratified analysis of African Americans. Four novel common variants within the regions of PIAS1, RGN (two variants) and FTO show evidence of replication in the UK Biobank (European ancestry n ~ 320,000), while colocalization analyses leveraging multi-omic data from GTEx and TOPMed identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying four of the 22 novel loci. Our study demonstrates the value of performing WGS analyses and multi-omic follow-up in cohorts of diverse ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Zhao
- Center for Statistical Genetics, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nick Shrine
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Batini
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Center for Statistical Genetics, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pallavi P Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Michelle Daya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Laura R Loehr
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elaine Cornell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | | | - François Aguet
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David J VanDenBerg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - George J Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ginger A Metcalf
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Shannon Dugan-Perez
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Boston University School Of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Kristin M Burkart
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Louise V Wain
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Kasi AS, Lesnick BL. Can We Prevent COPD by Reaching Out to Children at Risk? Chest 2020; 158:1327-1328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
93
|
Luo D, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Ba M, Chen P, Li H, Chen K, Sha W, Zhang C, Chen H. Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 370:m3222. [PMID: 32907799 PMCID: PMC7478061 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and quantify the future risk of cardiovascular events in young adults with high blood pressure. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 6 March 2020. Relative risks were pooled using a random effects model and expressed with 95% confidence intervals. Absolute risk difference was calculated. Dose-response relations between blood pressure and individual outcomes were assessed by a restricted cubic spline model. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies were selected that investigated the adverse outcomes of adults aged 18-45 with raised blood pressure. The primary study outcome was a composite of total cardiovascular events. Coronary heart disease, stroke, and all cause mortality were examined as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Seventeen observational cohorts consisting of approximately 4.5 million young adults were included in the analysis. The average follow-up was 14.7 years. Young adults with normal blood pressure had increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with those with optimal blood pressure (relative risk 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.31; risk difference 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.61 per 1000 person years). A graded, progressive association was found between blood pressure categories and increased risk of cardiovascular events (high normal blood pressure: relative risk 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.49; risk difference 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.97 per 1000 person years; grade 1 hypertension: 1.92, 1.68 to 2.19; 1.81, 1.34 to 2.34; grade 2 hypertension: 3.15, 2.31 to 4.29; 4.24, 2.58 to 6.48). Similar results were observed for coronary heart disease and stroke. Generally, the population attributable fraction for cardiovascular events associated with raised blood pressure was 23.8% (95% confidence interval 17.9% to 28.8%). The number needed to treat for one year to prevent one cardiovascular event was estimated at 2672 (95% confidence interval 1639 to 6250) for participants with normal blood pressure, 1450 (1031 to 2326) for those with high normal blood pressure, 552 (427 to 746) for those with grade 1 hypertension, and 236 (154 to 388) for those with grade 2 hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with raised blood pressure might have a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular events in later life. Because the evidence for blood pressure lowering is limited, active interventions should be cautious and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Ba
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, the Second Hospital of Nanhai District Foshan City, Foshan, China
| | - Pengyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, the Second Hospital of Nanhai District Foshan City, Foshan, China
| | - Hezhi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caojin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Marchant JM, Chang AB. Beyond the womb: respiratory symptoms in children following acute in utero exposure to fire smoke. Med J Aust 2020; 213:266-267. [PMID: 32865235 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Marchant
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ozoh OB, Eze JN, Adeyeye OO, Eromosele O, Dede SK, Ndukwu CI, Zyl-Smit RV. Unrecognized Respiratory Morbidity among Adolescents and Young Adults in Nigeria: Implications for Future Health Outcomes. Niger Med J 2020; 61:210-217. [PMID: 33284873 PMCID: PMC7688032 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_36_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung function impairment is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Unrecognized respiratory morbidity may be a missed opportunity to improve future health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the relationship to spirometry abnormalities and respiratory diagnosis among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among students aged 16–35 years. We assessed frequency of respiratory symptoms, previous respiratory diagnosis, and spirometry abnormalities. The relationship between respiratory symptoms, spirometry pattern, and previous respiratory diagnosis was determined using the Chi-square test and stepwise forward logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 640 participants, 464 (72.5%) performed good quality spirometry tests. Two hundred and forty-four (52.6%) had at least one respiratory symptom. Preexisting conditions were only identified in 60 (12.9%): 49 (7.7%) asthma, 29 (4.5%) allergic rhinitis, 16 (2.5%) treated tuberculosis, and 8 (1.3%) bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) lung function predicted values, obstructive (8.4%) and restrictive abnormalities (25.4%) were common. An obstructive pattern was associated with previous diagnosis of asthma, but there was no significant association for the restrictive spirometry pattern. Conclusions: Among otherwise healthy students, respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities are common. The vast majority are without a formal diagnosis. Asthma accounted for the majority of obstructive spirometry pattern seen, but the restrictive abnormalities based on GLI equations remain unexplained. Further research is required to determine the cause of these abnormalities and long-term implications in apparently healthy young individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obianuju B Ozoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joy N Eze
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Adeyeye
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine and the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ojiebun Eromosele
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sandra K Dede
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chizalu I Ndukwu
- Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Richard Van Zyl-Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Chang
- From the Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, and the Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane (A.B.C.), the Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, QLD (A.B.C.), and the School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast (K.G.) - all in Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- From the Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, and the Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane (A.B.C.), the Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, QLD (A.B.C.), and the School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast (K.G.) - all in Australia
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Blake TL, Chang AB, Marchant JM, McElrea MS. Respiratory health profile of Indigenous Australian children and young adults. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:1066-1071. [PMID: 32096321 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM National data report respiratory illness to be the most common chronic illness in Australian Indigenous people aged <35 years but multi-centre data on specific diseases is sparse. Respiratory health is now known to be an independent predictor of future all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to describe the respiratory health profile (clinical and spirometry data) of randomly recruited Indigenous Australian children and young adults from several sites. METHODS As part of the Indigenous Respiratory Reference Values study, 1278 Australian Indigenous children and young adults (aged 3-25 years) were recruited from nine communities (Queensland, n = 8; Northern Territory, n = 1). Self-reported and medical records were used to ascertain respiratory history. Participants were classified as 'healthy' if there was no current/previous respiratory disease history. Spirometry was performed on all participants and assessed according to forced expiratory volume at 1 s impairment. RESULTS Medical history data were available for 1245 (97.4%) and spirometry for 1106 participants (86.5%). Asthma and bronchitis were the most commonly reported respiratory conditions (city/regional 19.5% and rural/remote 16.8%, respectively). Participants with a history of any respiratory disease or those living in rural/remote communities had lower lung function compared to the 'healthy' group. Almost 52.0% of the entire cohort had mild-moderate forced expiratory volume at 1 s impairment (47.7% in 'healthy' group, 58.5% in 'respiratory history' group). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of poor respiratory health among Indigenous Australian children/young adults places them at increased risk of future all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. Respiratory assessments including spirometry should be part of the routine evaluation of Indigenous Australians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Blake
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret S McElrea
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Weber P, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H, Perez-Padilla R, Jarvis D, de Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC. Characterisation of pulmonary function trajectories: results from a Brazilian cohort. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00065-2020. [PMID: 32864380 PMCID: PMC7445117 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00065-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function (PF) trajectories are determined by different exposures throughout the life course. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics related to PF trajectories from 15 to 22 years in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS A birth cohort study (1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort) was conducted with spirometry at 15, 18 and 22 years. PF trajectories were built based on z-score of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and their ratio using a group-based trajectory model. Associations with exposures reported from perinatal to 22 years were described. RESULTS Three trajectories, low (LT), average (AT) and high (HT) were identified in 2917 individuals. Wealthiest individuals belonged to the HT of FEV1 (p=0.023). Lower maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) (22.4±0.2; p<0.001 and 22.1±0.14; p<0.001) and lower birth weight (3164.8±25.4; p=0.029 and 3132.3±19.4; p=0.005) were related to the LT of FEV1 and FVC. Mother's smoking exposure during pregnancy (37.7%; p=0.002), active smoking at ages 18 and 22 years (20.1% and 25.8%; p<0.001) and family history of asthma (44.8%; p<0.001) were related to the LT of FEV1/FVC. Wheezing, asthma and hospitalisations due to respiratory diseases in childhood were related to the LT of both FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Higher BMIs were related to the HT of FEV1 and FVC at all ages. CONCLUSIONS PF trajectories were mainly related to income, pregestational BMI, birth weight, hospitalisation due to respiratory diseases in childhood, participant's BMI, report of wheezing, medical diagnosis and family history of asthma, gestational exposure to tobacco and current smoking status in adolescence and young adult age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Weber
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sankar A, Thorpe KE, Gershon AS, Granton JT, Wijeysundera DN. Association of preoperative spirometry with cardiopulmonary fitness and postoperative outcomes in surgical patients: A multicentre prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 23:100396. [PMID: 32529180 PMCID: PMC7280772 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may stratify risk for respiratory complications. This secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study examined whether CPET performance (i.e., cardiopulmonary fitness) confounds associations of spirometry with outcomes. METHODS The analysis included 1200 participants having major non-cardiac surgery at 25 hospitals in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and UK. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured during preoperative spirometry, and peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency during preoperative CPET. Outcomes were respiratory morbidity (Postoperative Morbidity Survey) and pulmonary complications (pneumonia or respiratory failure). We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations of FEV1 with outcomes after adjustment for risk factors and either peak oxygen consumption or ventilatory efficiency. FINDINGS 128 participants (11%) developed respiratory morbidity, and 48 (4%) developed pulmonary complications. There was no strong evidence that FEV1 predicted respiratory morbidity after adjustment for peak oxygen consumption (p = 0·80) or ventilatory efficiency (p = 0·76), or FEV1 predicted pulmonary complications after adjustment for ventilatory efficiency (p = 0·37). Peak oxygen consumption (odds ratio 0·66 per 5 mL/kg/min increase; 95% CI, 0·54-0·82) was associated with respiratory morbidity. Ventilatory efficiency was associated with respiratory morbidity (p = 0·04) and pulmonary complications (p = 0·02). Peak oxygen consumption also confounded the association between FEV1 and respiratory morbidity. INTERPRETATION After accounting for fitness and clinical factors, FEV1 was not strongly predictive of respiratory complications. Prior associations between FEV1 and respiratory morbidity may be explained by confounding by peak oxygen consumption. FUNDING Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, UK Clinical Research Collaboration, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and Monash University.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Sankar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin E. Thorpe
- Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea S. Gershon
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES Central, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John T. Granton
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Duminda N. Wijeysundera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES Central, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Bikov A, Lange P, Anderson JA, Brook RD, Calverley PMA, Celli BR, Cowans NJ, Crim C, Dixon IJ, Martinez FJ, Newby DE, Yates JC, Vestbo J. FEV 1 is a stronger mortality predictor than FVC in patients with moderate COPD and with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1135-1142. [PMID: 32547001 PMCID: PMC7247606 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s242809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Impaired lung function is associated with heightened risk for death, cardiovascular events, and COPD exacerbations. However, it is unclear if forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) differ in predictive value. Patients and Methods Data from 16,485 participants in the Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity (SUMMIT) in COPD were analyzed. Patients were grouped into quintiles for each lung function parameter (FEV1 %predicted, FVC %predicted, FEV1/FVC). The four highest quintiles (Q2-Q5) were compared to the lowest (Q1) to assess their relationship with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations. Cox-regression was used, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body-mass index, smoking status, previous exacerbations, cardiovascular disease, treatment, and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score. Results Compared to Q1 (<53.5% FEV1 predicted), increasing FEV1 quintiles (Q2 53.5-457.5% predicted, Q3 57.5-461.6% predicted, Q4 61.6-465.8% predicted, and Q5 ≥65.8%) were all associated with significantly decreased all-cause mortality (20% (4-34%), 28% (13-40%), 23% (7-36%), and 30% (15-42%) risk reduction, respectively). In contrast, a significant risk reduction (21% (4-35%)) was seen only between Q1 and Q5 quintiles of FVC. Neither FEV1 nor FVC was associated with cardiovascular risk. Increased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC quintiles were also associated with the reduction of moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations while, surprisingly, the highest FVC quintile was related to the heightened exacerbation risk (28% (8-52%) risk increase). Conclusion Our results suggest that FEV1 is a stronger predictor for all-cause mortality than FVC in moderate COPD patients with heightened cardiovascular risk and that subjects with moderate COPD have very different risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bikov
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Lange
- Medical Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Robert D Brook
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter M A Calverley
- University of Liverpool, Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bartolome R Celli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Crim
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ian J Dixon
- Statistics & Programming, Veramed Ltd., Twickenham, UK
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julie C Yates
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|