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Friedenreich CM, Morielli AR, Lategan I, Ryder-Burbidge C, Yang L. Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Survival-Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Biologic Mechanisms. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:717-741. [PMID: 35953663 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the biologic mechanisms that may be operative between physical activity and survival after breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Physical activity decreases risk of mortality from breast cancer by up to 40%. Several biologic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this association. Previous cohort studies and randomized trials have examined the primary mechanisms that appear to be operative, which involve a decrease in sex hormone levels, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The evidence is still inconsistent and several limitations in the existing literature exist. Understanding the biologic mechanisms involved in the association of physical activity and breast cancer survival will provide more precision to physical activity guidelines for cancer survival. To achieve this objective, future research should include direct measurements of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related fitness to provide a more comprehensive assessment of these factors and their association with biomarkers and survival after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Andria R Morielli
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Irizelle Lategan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Charlotte Ryder-Burbidge
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zongo N, Ouédraogo S, Bado C, Kaboré A, Dem A. Survival of patients operated on for breast cancer in Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso. Eur J Surg Oncol 2022; 48:2378-2384. [PMID: 35871031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The objective is to study the survival of patients operated on for breast cancer. METHODS Descriptive and analytical study of the survival of patients operated on for breast cancer between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020 in Ouagadougou. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons by the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were determined using the Cox model. RESULTS We collected 550 cases. Overall survival at 5 years was 66.2%. Those under 30 years of age had a low 5-year overall survival (53%). The 5-year overall survival was poor in rural patients (63.5%), triple-negative patients (77.2%), HER2+ patients (50.5%) and stage IV patients (29.8%). In multivariate analysis, higher education (p < 0.001) and higher socioeconomic level (p < 0.001) were associated with better prognoses. CONCLUSIONS The survival of patients operated on for breast cancer remains to be improved. It is influenced by multiple factors especially the socio-economic and educational level of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayi Zongo
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.
| | - Smaila Ouédraogo
- Public Health Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso
| | - Chantal Bado
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso
| | - Ahmed Kaboré
- Public Health Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso
| | - Ahmadou Dem
- Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar (Sénégal), Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 10700, Dakar, Senegal
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53
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El-Sofany WI, El-sayed WA, Abd-Rabou AA, El-Shahat M. Synthesis of new imidazole-triazole-glycoside hybrids as anti-breast cancer candidates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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54
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Ayipo YO, Ajiboye AT, Osunniran WA, Jimoh AA, Mordi MN. Epigenetic oncogenesis, biomarkers and emerging chemotherapeutics for breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194873. [PMID: 36064110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally and the most prominent among females, yet with limited effective therapeutic options. Most of the current medications are challenged by various factors including low efficacy, incessant resistance, immune evasion and frequent recurrence of the disease. Further understanding of the prognosis and identification of plausible therapeutic channels thus requires multimodal approaches. In this review, epigenetics studies of several pathways to BC oncogenesis via the inducement of oncogenic changes on relevant markers have been overviewed. Similarly, the counter-epigenetic mechanisms to reverse such changes as effective therapeutic strategies were surveyed. The epigenetic oncogenesis occurs through several pathways, notably, DNMT-mediated hypermethylation of DNA, dysregulated expression for ERα, HER2/ERBB and PR, histone modification, overexpression of transcription factors including the CDK9-cyclin T1 complex and suppression of tumour suppressor genes. Scientifically, the regulatory reversal of the mechanisms constitutes effective epigenetic approaches for mitigating BC initiation, progression and metastasis. These were exhibited at various experimental levels by classical chemotherapeutic agents including some repurposable drugs, endocrine inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and miRNAs, natural products, metal complexes and nanoparticles. Dozens of the potential candidates are currently in clinical trials while others are still at preclinical experimental stages showing promising anti-BC efficacy. The review presents a model for a wider understanding of epigenetic oncogenic pathways to BC and reveals plausible channels for reversing the unpleasant changes through epigenetic modifications. It advances the science of therapeutic designs for ameliorating the global burden of BC upon further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, P.M.B., Malete, 1530 Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulfatai Temitope Ajiboye
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, P.M.B., Malete, 1530 Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Wahab Adesina Osunniran
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, P.M.B., Malete, 1530 Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Adebayo Jimoh
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, P.M.B., Malete, 1530 Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Design, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics of thiourea-iron (III) metal complexes as NUDT5 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10694. [PMID: 36177227 PMCID: PMC9513778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In research, anticancer agents, such as thiourea derivative compounds, and metal complexes, such as those complexed with iron (III) metal, are often studied. The metal complexes are presumably more active than thiourea derivatives as free ligands; some negative effects may be reduced. The computational studies used in this study involved molecular docking with AutoDock and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Desmond to evaluate the stability of the interactions. The docking and MD analysis results showed that compounds 2 and 6 had stable interactions with NUDIX hydrolase type 5 (NUDT5)—one of the therapeutic targets for breast cancer—where they had the lowest root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values compared to the other compounds. Together, these compounds are anti-breast cancer drug candidates.
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56
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Arzanova E, Mayrovitz HN. The Epidemiology of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-epidemiology] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Del'haye GG, Nulmans I, Bouteille SP, Sermon K, Wellekens B, Rombaut M, Vanhaecke T, Vander Heyden Y, De Kock J. Development of an adverse outcome pathway network for breast cancer: a comprehensive representation of the pathogenesis, complexity and diversity of the disease. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2881-2897. [PMID: 35927586 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), introduced in modern toxicology, intend to provide an evidence-based representation of toxicological effects and facilitate safety assessment of chemicals not solely based on laboratory animal in vivo experiments. However, some toxicological processes are too complicated to represent in one AOP. Therefore, AOP networks are developed that help understanding and predicting toxicological processes where complex exposure scenarios interact and lead to the emergence of the adverse outcome. In this study, we present an AOP network for breast cancer, developed after an in-depth survey of relevant scientific literature. Several molecular initiating events (MIE) were identified and various key events that link the MIEs with breast cancer were described. The AOP was developed according to Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidance, weight of evidence was assessed through the Bradford Hill criteria and confidence was tested by the OECD key questions. The AOP network provides a straightforward understanding of the disease onset and progression at different biological levels. It can be used to pinpoint knowledge gaps, identify novel therapeutic targets and act as a stepping stone for the development of novel in vitro test methods for hazard identification and risk assessment of newly developed chemicals and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigly G Del'haye
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Research Group of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ine Nulmans
- Liver Therapy & Evolution Team, Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine P Bouteille
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien Sermon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brecht Wellekens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Rombaut
- Liver Therapy & Evolution Team, Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Liver Therapy & Evolution Team, Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Liver Therapy & Evolution Team, Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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58
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Ayeni OA, O’Neil DS, Pumpalova YS, Chen WC, Nietz S, Phakathi B, Buccimazza I, Čačala S, Stopforth LW, Farrow HA, Mapanga W, Joffe M, Chirwa T, McCormack V, Jacobson JS, Crew KD, Neugut AI, Ruff P, Cubasch H. Impact of HIV infection on survival among women with stage I-III breast cancer: Results from the South African breast cancer and HIV outcomes study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:209-221. [PMID: 35218568 PMCID: PMC9133061 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In some countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of HIV exceeds 20%; in South Africa, 20.4% of people are living with HIV. We examined the impact of HIV infection on the overall survival (OS) of women with nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) enrolled in the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes (SABCHO) study. We recruited women with newly diagnosed BC at six public hospitals from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019. Among women with stages I-III BC, we compared those with and without HIV infection on sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment factors. We analyzed the impact of HIV on OS using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Of 2367 women with stages I-III BC, 499 (21.1%) had HIV and 1868 (78.9%) did not. With a median follow-up of 29 months, 2-year OS was poorer among women living with HIV (WLWH) than among HIV-uninfected women (72.4% vs 80.1%, P < .001; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.83). This finding was consistent across age groups ≥45 years and <45 years, stage I-II BC and stage III BC, and ER/PR status (all P < .03). Both WLWH with <50 viral load copies/mL and WLWH with ≥50 viral load copies/mL had poorer survival than HIV-uninfected BC patients [aHR: 1.35 (1.09-1.66) and 1.54 (1.20-2.00), respectively], as did WLWH who had ≥200 CD4+ cells/mL at diagnosis [aHR: 1.39 (1.15-1.67)]. Because receipt of antiretroviral therapy has become widespread, WLWH is surviving long enough to develop BC; more research is needed on the causes of their poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin A. Ayeni
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel S. O’Neil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoanna S. Pumpalova
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Nietz
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Phakathi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ines Buccimazza
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban and Ngwelezana Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Sharon Čačala
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Ngwelezana Hospital, Empangeni and University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Laura W. Stopforth
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Hayley A Farrow
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Judith S. Jacobson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine D. Crew
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Ruff
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wanjiru J, Gathirwa J, Sauli E, Swai HS. Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144430. [PMID: 35889305 PMCID: PMC9320383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. Moringa oleifera polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and characterized using the dynamic light scattering and dialysis membrane techniques. The in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were investigated with the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazole) MTT assay. Acute toxicity was assessed using Swiss albino mice. An MoP particle size of 296 ± 0.29 nm, −40.1 ± 1.19 mV zeta potential, and polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 0.002 were obtained. The total phenolic content was 50.81 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, while encapsulation efficiency was 90.32 ± 0.11%. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic and prolonged subsequent sustained release. In vitro assays indicated MoP had a low cytotoxicity effect of 98.84 ± 0.53 μg/mL, doxorubicin was 68.35 ± 3.508, and Mopp was 212.9 ± 1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73 ± 2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index > 3. The results indicated a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. The in vivo investigation showed the safety of MoP at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that MoP may serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jecinta Wanjiru
- Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania; (E.S.); (H.S.S.)
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +254-72586-5116; Fax: +254-020-2720030
| | - Jeremiah Gathirwa
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya;
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania; (E.S.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Hulda Shaid Swai
- Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania; (E.S.); (H.S.S.)
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60
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Foerster M, McCormack V, Anderson BO, Boucheron P, Zietsman A, Cubasch H, Joffe M, Anele A, Offiah S, Galukande M, Parham G, Pinder LF, Ginsburg O, Schüz J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Kantelhardt EJ. Treatment guideline concordance, initiation, and abandonment in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer from the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) cohort in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:729-738. [PMID: 35550274 PMCID: PMC10036870 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive breast cancer management is essential to achieve high breast cancer survival; however, detailed reports of the treatment regimens received by patients are scarce in sub-Saharan Africa where survival is low. We aimed to examine treatment initiation, guideline concordance, and abandonment in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa from the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) prospective cohort. METHODS The ABC-DO prospective cohort study recruited women (aged ≥18 years) with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer in eight hospitals across five sub-Saharan African countries (Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda, South Africa, and Zambia). We analysed treatments received by women who were classified as non-metastatic (M0) at the initial presentation. Data on surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies were obtained from medical records and a self-reported follow-up questionnaire at 6 months after the diagnosis, follow-up calls every 3 months, and a baseline questionnaire. Initiation, completion, and abandonment of treatment modalities and combined therapy regimens were examined overall, by country-specific groups, and by clinical factors relevant for guideline-based treatment. FINDINGS Of 2313 women recruited into the ABC-DO study between Sept 10, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, 2226 had histologically or clinically confirmed breast cancer. Of these 2226 women, 510 were excluded from the present analysis because 378 had metastatic disease, 37 were prevalent cases (defined as those previously diagnosed with breast cancer >2 years before baseline), 82 had unknown TNM stage, and 13 were White or Asian women in South Africa (number was too small for analysis). After a median follow-up of 5·2 years (IQR 4·6-5·9), 1163 (68%) of 1716 women underwent breast cancer surgery. Surgery and systemic therapy (ie, multimodality treatment) with radiotherapy was initiated in 370 (36%) of 1028 women with localised tumours versus 156 (23%) of 688 women with locally advanced tumours, whereas multimodality treatment without radiotherapy was initiated in 386 (38%) versus 167 (24%) women, respectively. Of 1530 patients requiring chemotherapy (which excludes 105 who died within 6 months after baseline), 1013 (66%) initiated treatment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or surgery within 3 months after baseline, which was adequately completed by 359 (35%) of 1013 women, marginally completed by 284 (28%), abandoned by 200 (20%), and unknown in 151 (15%). 19 (2%) women died within 6 months after chemotherapy initiation. Of 1375 women in whom endocrine therapy was indicated, this treatment was initiated in 920, and lasted at least 3 years in 367 (40%) women. Treatment disparities between country-specific groups were substantial for all therapy regimens. INTERPRETATION A high proportion of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer did not initiate, did not fully complete, or abandoned treatment with surgery, systemic therapy, radiotherapy, or an appropriate combination of these, highlighting the need for improved treatment access and completion in sub-Saharan Africa to potentially prevent premature breast cancer deaths. FUNDING National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute), Susan G Komen, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pauline Boucheron
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leeya F Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Ngwa W, Addai BW, Adewole I, Ainsworth V, Alaro J, Alatise OI, Ali Z, Anderson BO, Anorlu R, Avery S, Barango P, Bih N, Booth CM, Brawley OW, Dangou JM, Denny L, Dent J, Elmore SNC, Elzawawy A, Gashumba D, Geel J, Graef K, Gupta S, Gueye SM, Hammad N, Hessissen L, Ilbawi AM, Kambugu J, Kozlakidis Z, Manga S, Maree L, Mohammed SI, Msadabwe S, Mutebi M, Nakaganda A, Ndlovu N, Ndoh K, Ndumbalo J, Ngoma M, Ngoma T, Ntizimira C, Rebbeck TR, Renner L, Romanoff A, Rubagumya F, Sayed S, Sud S, Simonds H, Sullivan R, Swanson W, Vanderpuye V, Wiafe B, Kerr D. Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:e251-e312. [PMID: 35550267 PMCID: PMC9393090 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises. Recommended actions begin with the need to develop or update national cancer control plans in each country. Plans must include childhood cancer plans, managing comorbidities such as HIV and malnutrition, a reliable and predictable supply of medication, and the provision of psychosocial, supportive, and palliative care. Plans should also engage traditional, complementary, and alternative medical practices employed by more than 80% of SSA populations and pathways to reduce missed diagnoses and late referrals. More substantial investment is needed in developing cancer registries and cancer diagnostics for core cancer tests. We show that investments in, and increased adoption of, some approaches used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as hypofractionated radiotherapy and telehealth, can substantially increase access to cancer care in Africa, accelerate cancer prevention and control efforts, increase survival, and save billions of US dollars over the next decade. The involvement of African First Ladies in cancer prevention efforts represents one practical approach that should be amplified across SSA. Moreover, investments in workforce training are crucial to prevent millions of avoidable deaths by 2030. We present a framework that can be used to strategically plan cancer research enhancement in SSA, with investments in research that can produce a return on investment and help drive policy and effective collaborations. Expansion of universal health coverage to incorporate cancer into essential benefits packages is also vital. Implementation of the recommended actions in this Commission will be crucial for reducing the growing cancer crises in SSA and achieving political commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Information and Sciences, ICT University, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Beatrice W Addai
- Breast Care International, Peace and Love Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Adewole
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ainsworth
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - James Alaro
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zipporah Ali
- Kenya Hospices and Palliative Care Association, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rose Anorlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Avery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prebo Barango
- WHO, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Noella Bih
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Otis W Brawley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynette Denny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Shekinah N C Elmore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Elzawawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Jennifer Geel
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Katy Graef
- BIO Ventures for Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nazik Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andre M Ilbawi
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Kambugu
- Department of Pediatrics, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Manga
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Lize Maree
- Department of Nursing Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Susan Msadabwe
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kingsley Ndoh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mamsau Ngoma
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Twalib Ngoma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorna Renner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anya Romanoff
- Department of Health System Design and Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fidel Rubagumya
- Department of Oncology, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shivani Sud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Simonds
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - William Swanson
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Centre for Radiotherapy, Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Yakong VN, Afaya A, Alhassan RK, Sang S, Salia SM, Afaya RA, Karim JF, Kuug A, Selorm DDS, Atakro CA, Akokre R, Adatara P, Ayanore MA. Leveraging breast cancer screening to promote timely detection, diagnosis and treatment among women in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058729. [PMID: 35613753 PMCID: PMC9134199 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female breast cancer is now the most often diagnosed cancer in the world. Breast cancer screening aims to reduce mortalities related to cancer, and morbidity associated with advanced stages of the disease, through timely detection in asymptomatic women. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the evidence on the factors that influence the provision and uptake of breast cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature including Google Scholar will be searched to identify published studies on barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening from January 2010 to 2021. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of all the included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. We envisage that this review will adduce evidence on common barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening in SSA. Identifying these barriers and facilitators will help guide the initialisation of effective interventions that will improve breast cancer screening uptake among women in SSA. This review will also guide future research in developing, implementing and evaluating appropriate interventions tailored toward increasing breast cancer screening uptake. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for this protocol is not required since it does not involve collecting data from human participants. The outcomes of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Nyagre Yakong
- Department of Preventive Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Agani Afaya
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Robert Kaba Alhassan
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Somin Sang
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Solomon Mohammed Salia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Research Institute SHARE, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Adongo Afaya
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jebuni Fuseini Karim
- Department of Nursing, Superior School of Health, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 5-8005-193, Faro Portugal, Portugal
| | - Anthony Kuug
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | | | - Renna Akokre
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Adatara
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Martei YM, Narasimhamurthy M, Setlhako DI, Ayane G, Ralefala T, Chiyapo S, Gross R, Shulman LN, Grover S, DeMichele A. Relative Dose Intensity and Pathologic Response Rates in Patients With Breast Cancer and With and Without HIV Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2200016. [PMID: 35584347 PMCID: PMC9173574 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients who are HIV-positive and have breast cancer have worse overall survival (OS) compared with patients who are HIV-negative. Pathologic complete response (pCR) and relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy are associated with survival. We assessed whether pCR and RDI rates were lower for patients who are HIV-positive and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS This was a prospective cohort analysis of patients initiating NACT in Botswana (February 2017 to September 2019). Primary outcomes were pCR and RDI; secondary outcomes were OS and toxicity. HIV status and zidovudine (ZDV) treatment were stratification factors. Multivariable analysis was used to control for confounding. RESULTS In total, 26 of 110 enrolled individuals were HIV-positive. In univariable analysis, HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2; P = .048) and RDI < 0.85 (OR = 0.30; P = .025) were associated with pCR. In multivariable analysis, the magnitude of association decreased for HIV-positive (OR = 0.28; P = .11), but RDI < 0.85 remained independently associated with pCR (OR = 0.32; P = .035). Patients who are HIV-positive had significantly lower mean RDI, and those on ZDV had significantly lower RDI. Ninety-one (83%) were stage III with 2-year OS significantly worse for patients who are HIV-positive (58% v 74%). Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.68 (95% CI, 1.17 to 6.13; P = .028) in patients who are HIV-positive compared with patients who are HIV-negative. Toxicity rates were similar despite patients who are HIV-positive receiving significantly lower dose intensity chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Patients who are HIV-positive and have breast cancer in Botswana have lower pCR rates and also receive lower dose intensity therapy, which may contribute to worse OS. Patients who are HIV-positive on ZDV-containing regimens received even lower dose intensity of NACT. Administering optimal dose intensity in patients who are HIV-positive remains a challenge, and targeted interventions that address modifiable risk factors are needed to improve therapy delivery and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehoda M. Martei
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Botswana University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana,Yehoda M. Martei, MD, MSCE, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Gross
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence N. Shulman
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Botswana University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Mutebi M, Dehar N, Nogueira LM, Shi K, Yabroff KR, Gyawali B. Cancer Groundshot: Building a Robust Cancer Control Platform in Addition To Launching the Cancer Moonshot. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35561297 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_359521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer Groundshot is a philosophy that calls for prioritization of strategies in global cancer control. The underlying principle of Cancer Groundshot is that one must ensure access to interventions that are already proven to work before focusing on the development of new interventions. In this article, we discuss the philosophy of Cancer Groundshot as it pertains to priorities in cancer care and research in low- and middle-income countries and the utility of technology in addressing global cancer disparities; we also address disparities seen in high-income countries. The oncology community needs to realign our priorities and focus on improving access to high-value cancer control strategies, rather than allocating resources primarily to the development of technologies that provide only marginal gains at a high cost. There are several "low-hanging fruit" actions that will improve access to quality cancer care in low- and middle-income countries and in high-income countries. Worldwide, cancer morbidity and mortality can be averted by implementing highly effective, low-cost interventions that are already known to work, rather than investing in the development of resource-intensive interventions to which most patients will not have access (i.e., we can use Cancer Groundshot to first save more lives before we focus on the "moonshots").
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mutebi
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Navdeep Dehar
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leticia M Nogueira
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kewei Shi
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Banda CH, Wilson E, Malata CM, Narushima M, Ogawa T, Hassanein ZM, Shiraishi M, Okada Y, Ghorra DT, Ishiura R, Danno K, Mitsui K, Oni G. Clinical application and outcomes of reconstructive microsurgery in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:2035-2048. [PMID: 35643598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstructive microsurgical free flap techniques are often the treatment of choice for a variety of complex tissue defects across multiple surgical specialties. However, the practice is underdeveloped in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical application and outcomes of reconstructive microsurgery performed in Africa. METHODS Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Embase, and Google Scholar) were searched for studies reporting microsurgical procedures performed in Africa. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools and quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to estimate the pooled proportion of events with 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome was free flap success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the complication and flap salvage rates. RESULTS Ninety-two studies were included in the narrative synthesis and nine in the pooled meta-analysis. In total, 1376 free flaps in 1327 patients from 1976 to 2020 were analyzed. Head and neck oncologic reconstruction made up 30% of cases, while breast reconstruction comprised 2%. The pooled flap survival rate was 89% (95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), complication rate 51% (95% CI: 0.36, 0.65), and free flap salvage rate was 45% (95% CI: 0.08, 0.84). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that the free flap success rates in Africa are high and comparable to those reported in high-income countries. However, the comparatively higher complication rate and lower salvage rate suggest a need for improved perioperative care. REVIEW REGISTRATION Registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 25th September 2020, ID: CRD42020192344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihena H Banda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Surgery, Arthur Davison Children's Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.
| | - Emma Wilson
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Malata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Anglia Ruskin University, School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsunaga Narushima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Zeinab M Hassanein
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Makoto Shiraishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshimoto Okada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Dina T Ghorra
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ryohei Ishiura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kanako Danno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Mitsui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Georgette Oni
- Nottingham Breast Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Afaya A, Seidu AA, Sang S, Yakong VN, Afaya RA, Shin J, Ahinkorah BO. Mapping evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:526. [PMID: 35443647 PMCID: PMC9022278 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020. Due to its rising frequency and high mortality rate in both high- and low-income countries, breast cancer has become a global public health issue. This review sought to map literature to present evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched to identify relevant published studies between January 2012 and August 2021 on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews and the six-stage model by Arksey and O'Malley were used to select and report findings. RESULTS Of the 65 articles retrieved, 14 records were included for synthesis. The review revealed varied knowledge levels and practices of breast cancer screening among women across a few regions in Ghana. The knowledge level of women on breast cancer screening was high, especially in breast cancer screening practice. Breast cancer screening practice among women was observed to be low and the most identified barriers were lack of technique to practice breast self-examination, having no breast problem, lack of awareness of breast cancer screening, and not having breast cancer risk. The results further showed that good knowledge of breast cancer screening, higher educational level, increasing age, physician recommendation, and household monthly income were enabling factors for breast cancer screening uptake. CONCLUSION This review showed varied discrepancies in breast cancer screening uptake across the regions in Ghana. Despite the benefits of breast cancer screening, the utilization of the screening methods across the regions is very low due to some varied barriers from the different regions. To increase the uptake of breast cancer screening, health workers could employ various strategies such as community education and sensitization on the importance of breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agani Afaya
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia.
- Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, P.O.Box 256, Takoradi, Ghana.
| | - Somin Sang
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Vida Nyagre Yakong
- Department of Preventive Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Richard Adongo Afaya
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jinhee Shin
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hoxha I, Islami DA, Uwizeye G, Forbes V, Chamberlin MD. Forty-Five Years of Research and Progress in Breast Cancer: Progress for Some, Disparities for Most. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2100424. [PMID: 35377728 PMCID: PMC9005254 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Hoxha
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - Glorieuse Uwizeye
- Society of Fellows, Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.,Present affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary D Chamberlin
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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Breast cancer morbidity and mortality in rural Ethiopia: data from 788 verbal autopsies. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35331210 PMCID: PMC8951700 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Ethiopia, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women. Little is known about the duration of disease and symptoms of patients who died from breast cancer in rural Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess breast cancer mortality with a particular focus on the self-reported duration of illness including suffering of symptoms, and need for medical care. METHODS The cause of death was determined among randomly selected Ethiopian women residing in western Ethiopia. A modified standard verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaire was completed by women whose sisters had died. The questionnaires were reviewed by two independent local physicians to assign a cause of death. We analyzed pattern of cause of deaths, duration of suffering, symptoms, and treatment received. RESULT In our study, the age at death was very similar to other population-based data from Ethiopia. We found 32% of 788 deaths were caused by communicable diseases, 12.1% by neoplasms, and 9.4% by pregnancy/maternal mortality. Breast cancer was the second leading neoplasm, responsible for 21 (2.7%) of all deaths (95% CI 1.5-3.7%), and was among the top five causes of non-communicable deaths. The median age of breast cancer death was 37 years, younger than for other causes of death. The median duration of illness with breast cancer was around 1 year. This was substantially more compared to the duration of infectious diseases, but less than the duration of reproductive neoplasms, diabetes, and epilepsy. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Breast cancer deaths are common causes of death in women of rural Ethiopia. When assessing the total duration of illness according to specific causes of death, breast and other cancers accounted for a large share of the burden. This has practical implications and highlights the need for palliative care for cancer patients. Substantial efforts are necessary to improve early detection and treatment for breast cancer to reduce premature death in women.
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Coles CE, Anderson BO, Cameron D, Cardoso F, Horton R, Knaul FM, Mutebi M, Lee N. The Lancet Breast Cancer Commission: tackling a global health, gender, and equity challenge. Lancet 2022; 399:1101-1103. [PMID: 35189077 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation and ABC Global Alliance, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Felicia Marie Knaul
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Tómatelo a Pecho, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Pumpalova YS, Ayeni OA, Chen WC, Buccimazza I, Cačala S, Stopforth LW, Farrow HA, Mapanga W, Nietz S, Phakathi B, Joffe M, McCormack V, Jacobson JS, Crew KD, Neugut AI, Ruff P, Cubasch H, O’Neil DS. The Impact of Breast Cancer Treatment Delays on Survival Among South African Women. Oncologist 2022; 27:e233-e243. [PMID: 35274708 PMCID: PMC8914482 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income settings, delays from breast cancer (BC) diagnosis to initial treatment worsen overall survival (OS). We examined how time to BC treatment initiation (TTI) impacts OS in South Africa (SA). METHODS We evaluated women enrolled in the South African BC and HIV Outcomes study between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2019, selecting women with stages I-III BC who received surgery and chemotherapy. We constructed a linear regression model estimating the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on TTI and separate multivariable Cox proportional hazard models by first treatment (surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)) assessing the effect of TTI (in 30-day increments) on OS. RESULTS Of 1260 women, 45.6% had upfront surgery, 54.4% had NAC, and 19.5% initiated treatment >90 days after BC diagnosis. Compared to the surgery group, more women in the NAC group had stage III BC (34.8% vs 81.5%). Living further away from a hospital and having hormone receptor positive (vs negative) BC was associated with longer TTI (8 additional days per 100 km, P = .003 and 8 additional days, P = .01, respectively), while Ki67 proliferation index >20 and upfront surgery (vs NAC) was associated with shorter TTI (12 and 9 days earlier; P = .0001 and.007, respectively). Treatment initiation also differed among treating hospitals (P < .0001). Additional 30-day treatment delays were associated with worse survival in the surgery group (HR 1.11 [95%CI 1.003-1.22]), but not in the NAC group. CONCLUSIONS Delays in BC treatment initiation are common in SA public hospitals and are associated with worse survival among women treated with upfront surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna S Pumpalova
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oluwatosin A Ayeni
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ines Buccimazza
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sharon Cačala
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban and Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Laura W Stopforth
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Hayley A Farrow
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Nietz
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Phakathi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Ruff
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel S O’Neil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Chasimpha S, McCormack V, Cubasch H, Joffe M, Zietsman A, Galukande M, Parham G, Pinder LF, Anele A, Adisa CA, Offiah AU, Anderson BO, Boucheron P, Foerster M, Schüz J, Dos-Santos-Silva I. Disparities in breast cancer survival between women with and without HIV across sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective, cohort study. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e160-e171. [PMID: 35245508 PMCID: PMC9031563 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown increased mortality among women living with HIV diagnosed with breast cancer compared with HIV-negative women with breast cancer. We aimed to examine how this HIV differential varies by patient or breast tumour characteristics. METHODS The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) study is a prospective cohort of women (aged ≥18 years) with incident breast cancer recruited consecutively at diagnosis (2014-17) from hospitals in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. Detailed clinical and epidemiological data, including self-reported or tested HIV status, were collected at baseline. Participants were actively followed up via telephone calls every 3 months. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, assessed in all women who had at least one updated vital status after baseline interview. Using Cox regression, we examined differences in overall survival by HIV status in the cohort, and across country and patient subgroups, adjusted for age, tumour grade, and tumour stage at cancer diagnosis. FINDINGS Between Sept 8, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, we recruited 2154 women with primary breast cancer, 519 of whom were excluded due to their countries having small numbers of women with HIV for comparison. Among the remaining 1635 women, 313 (19%) were living with HIV, 1184 (72%) were HIV negative, and 138 (9%) had unknown HIV status. At breast cancer diagnosis, women with HIV were younger and had lower body-mass index (BMI) than their HIV-negative counterparts, but had similar tumour stage, grade, and receptor subtypes. At the end of the follow-up (Jan 1, 2019), a higher proportion of women with HIV (137 [44%] of 313) had died than had HIV-negative women (432 [37%] of 1184). Crude 3-year survival was 9% lower for women with HIV (46% [95% CI 40-53]) than for HIV-negative women (55% [52-59]; hazard ratio (HR) 1·41 [1·15-1·74]). The HIV survival differential did not differ by age, BMI, tumour subtype, or tumour grade, but was stronger in women with non-metastatic disease (3-year survival 52% HIV-positive vs 63% HIV-negative women, adjusted HR 1·65 [1·30-2·10]), whereas women with metastatic cancer had low survival, regardless of HIV status. INTERPRETATION The larger survival deficit among women with HIV with non-metastatic breast cancer calls for a better understanding of the reasons underlying this differential (eg, biological mechanisms, health behaviours, detrimental HIV-breast cancer treatment interactions, or higher HIV background mortality) to inform strategies for reducing mortality among this patient group. FUNDING Susan G Komen, International Agency for Research on Cancer, National Cancer Institute, and UK-Commonwealth Scholarships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steady Chasimpha
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annelle Zietsman
- AB May Cancer Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Moses Galukande
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leeya F Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Newborn Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angelica Anele
- Breast Oncology Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Boucheron
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Hardiness, Social Isolation and Loneliness of Women with Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jcbr.6.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wambua MD, Degu A, Tegegne GT. Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among breast cancer patients at Kitui Referral Hospital. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121211067857. [PMID: 35024144 PMCID: PMC8744162 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211067857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Despite breast cancer treatment outcomes being relatively poor or
heterogeneous among breast cancer patients, there was a paucity of data in
the African settings, especially in Kenya. Hence, this study aimed to
determine treatment outcomes among breast cancer patients at Kitui Referral
Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was conducted among adult
patients with breast cancer. All eligible breast cancer patients undergoing
treatment from January 2015 to June 2020 in the study setting were included.
Hence, a total of 116 breast cancer patients’ medical records were involved
in the study. Patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed using
a predesigned data abstraction tool. The data were entered, cleaned, and
analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 26
software. Descriptive analysis—such as percentage, frequency, mean, and
figures—was used to present the data. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was
used to estimate the mean survival estimate across different variables. A
Cox regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with
mortality. Results: The study showed that the overall survival and mortality rate was 62.9% (73)
and 37.1% (43), respectively. The regression analysis showed that patients
who had an advanced stage of disease had a 3.82 times risk of dying (crude
hazard ratio= 3.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.5–9.8) than an early stage
of the disease. Besides, patients with distant metastasis had 4.4 times more
hazards of dying than (crude hazard ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval =
2.1–9.4) their counterparts. Conclusion: The treatment outcome of breast cancer patients was poor, and its overall
mortality among breast cancer patients was higher in the study setting. In
the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the tumor size was the only
statistically significant predictor of mortality among breast cancer
patients. Stakeholders at each stage should, therefore, prepare a relevant
strategy to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwendwa Dickson Wambua
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amsalu Degu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gobezie T Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Getachew S, Addissie A, Seife E, Wakuma T, Unverzagt S, Jemal A, Taylor L, Wienke A, Kantelhardt EJ. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e650-e660. [PMID: 35524760 PMCID: PMC9355816 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many women in rural Ethiopia do not receive adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery despite the majority being diagnosed with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and tamoxifen being available in the country. We aimed to compare a breast nurse intervention to improve adherence to tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients. Methods and Materials The 8 hospitals were randomized to intervention and control sites. Between February 2018 and December 2019, patients with breast cancer were recruited after their initial surgery. The primary outcome of the study was adherence to tamoxifen therapy by evaluating 12-month medication-refill data with medication possession ratio (MPR) and using a simplified medication adherence scale (SMAQ) in a subjective assessment. Results A total of 162 patients were recruited (87 intervention and 75 control). Trained nurses delivered education and provided literacy material, gave additional empathetic counselling, phone call reminders, and monitoring of medication refill at the intervention hospitals. Adherence according to MPR at 12 months was high in both the intervention (90%) and control sites (79.3%) (P = .302). The SMAQ revealed that adherence at intervention sites was 70% compared with 44.8% in the control sites (P = .036) at 12 months. Persistence to therapy was found to be 91.2% in the intervention and 77.8% in the control sites during the one-year period (P = .010). Conclusion Breast nurses can improve cost-effective endocrine therapy adherence at peripheral hospitals in low-resource settings. We recommend such task sharing to overcome the shortage of oncologists and distances to central cancer centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefonias Getachew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Edom Seife
- Radiotherapy Center, Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Wakuma
- Department of Surgery, Aira General Hospital, Ethiopia
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin-Luther-UniversityHalle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Lesley Taylor
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Corresponding author: Eva J. Kantelhardt, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburgerstrasse 8; 06097 Halle, Germany. Tel: +493455571847
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Global challenges and policy solutions in breast cancer control. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 104:102339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Joko-Fru WY, Griesel M, Mezger NCS, Hämmerl L, Seraphin TP, Feuchtner J, Wabinga H, N'da G, Mathewos A, Kamaté B, Nsonde Malanda J, Gnangnon FHR, Chesumbai GC, Korir A, Lorenzoni C, Zietsman A, Borok MZ, Liu B, Thomssen C, McGale P, Jemal A, Parkin DM, Kantelhardt EJ. Breast Cancer Diagnostics, Therapy, and Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Population-Based Registry Study. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 20:jnccn20412. [PMID: 34965508 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about the actual therapy received by women with BC and their survival outcome at the population level in SSA. This study aims to describe the cancer-directed therapy received by patients with BC at the population level in SSA, compare these results with the NCCN Harmonized Guidelines for SSA (NCCN Harmonized Guidelines), and evaluate the impact on survival. METHODS Random samples of patients with BC (≥40 patients per registry), diagnosed from 2009 through 2015, were drawn from 11 urban population-based cancer registries from 10 countries (Benin, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). Active methods were used to update the therapy and outcome data of diagnosed patients ("traced patients"). Excess hazards of death by therapy use were modeled in a relative survival context. RESULTS A total of 809 patients were included. Additional information was traced for 517 patients (63.8%), and this proportion varied by registry. One in 5 traced patients met the minimum diagnostic criteria (cancer stage and hormone receptor status known) for use of the NCCN Harmonized Guidelines. The hormone receptor status was unknown for 72.5% of patients. Of the traced patients with stage I-III BC (n=320), 50.9% received inadequate or no cancer-directed therapy. Access to therapy differed by registry area. Initiation of adequate therapy and early-stage diagnosis were the most important determinants of survival. CONCLUSIONS Downstaging BC and improving access to diagnostics and care are necessary steps to increase guideline adherence and improve survival for women in SSA. It will also be important to strengthen health systems and facilities for data management in SSA to facilitate patient follow-up and disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walburga Yvonne Joko-Fru
- 1Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
- 2The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mirko Griesel
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lucia Hämmerl
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tobias Paul Seraphin
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jana Feuchtner
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henry Wabinga
- 4Kampala Cancer Registry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Guy N'da
- 5Registre des cancers d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Assefa Mathewos
- 6Radiotherapy Center, Addis-Ababa-University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Korir
- 11Nairobi Cancer Registry, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- 12Maputo City Cancer Registry, Maputo City, Mozambique
- 13Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Biying Liu
- 2The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- 16Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Paul McGale
- 1Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- 17Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- 1Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
- 2The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, United Kingdom
- 18International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- 3Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- 16Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Manrique-Moreno M, Santa-González G, Gallego V. Bioactive cationic peptides as potential agents for breast cancer treatment. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211218C. [PMID: 34874400 PMCID: PMC8655503 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women worldwide, and the number of new cases dramatically increases every year. The physiological causes behind the disease are still not fully understood. One in every 100 cases can occur in men, and although the frequency is lower than among women, men tend to have a worse prognosis of the disease. Various therapeutic alternatives to combat the disease are available. These depend on the type and progress of the disease, and include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and cancer immunotherapy. However, there are several well-reported side effects of these treatments that have a significant impact on life quality, and patients either relapse or are refractory to treatment. This makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. One promising initiative are bioactive peptides, which have emerged in recent years as a family of compounds with an enormous number of clinical applications due to their broad spectrum of activity. They are widely distributed in several organisms as part of their immune system. The antitumoral activity of these peptides lies in a nonspecific mechanism of action associated with their interaction with cancer cell membranes, inducing, through several routes, bilayer destabilization and cell death. This review provides an overview of the literature on the evaluation of cationic peptides as potential agents against breast cancer under different study phases. First, physicochemical characteristics such as the primary structure and charge are presented. Secondly, information about dosage, the experimental model used, and the mechanism of action proposed for the peptides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Antioquia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnólogico Metropolitano, A.A. 54959, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Gallego
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Antioquia
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Kabukye JK, Kakungulu E, Keizer ND, Cornet R. Digital health in oncology in Africa: A scoping review and cross-sectional survey. Int J Med Inform 2021; 158:104659. [PMID: 34929545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa, face a growing cancer burden. Adoption of digital health solutions has the potential to improve cancer care delivery and research in these countries. However, the extent of implementation and the impact of digital health interventions across the cancer continuum in Africa have not been studied. AIMS To describe the current landscape of digital health interventions in oncology in Africa. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature review and supplemented this with a survey. Following the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we searched literature in PubMed and Embase for keywords and synonyms for cancer, digital health, and African countries, and abstracted data using a structured form. For the survey, participants were delegates of the 2019 conference of the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer. RESULTS The literature review identified 57 articles describing 40 digital health interventions or solutions from 17 African countries, while the survey included 111 respondents from 18 African countries, and these reported 25 different digital health systems. Six articles (10.5%) reported randomized controlled trials. The other 51 articles (89.5%) were descriptive or quasi-experimental studies. The interventions mostly targeted cancer prevention (28 articles, 49.1%) or diagnosis and treatment (23 articles, 40.4%). Four articles (7.0%) targeted survivorship and end of life, and the rest were cross-cutting. Cervical cancer was the most targeted cancer (25 articles, 43.9%). Regarding WHO classification of digital interventions, most were for providers (35 articles, 61.4%) or clients (13, 22.8%), while the others were for data services or cut across these categories. The interventions were mostly isolated pilots using basic technologies such as SMS and telephone calls for notifying patients of their appointments or results, or for cancer awareness; image capture apps for cervical cancer screening, and tele-conferencing for tele-pathology and mentorship. Generally positive results were reported, but evaluation focused on structure and process measures such as ease of use, infrastructure requirements, and acceptability of intervention; or general benefits e.g. supporting training and mentorship of providers, communication among providers and clients, and improving data collection and management. No studies evaluated individualized clinical outcomes, and there were no interventions in literature for health system managers although the systems identified in the survey had such functionality, e.g. inventory management. The survey also indicated that none of the digital health systems had all the functionalities for a comprehensive EHR, and major barriers for digital health were initial and ongoing costs, resistance from clinical staff, and lack of fit between the EHR and the clinical workflows. CONCLUSION Digital health interventions in oncology in Africa are at early maturity stages but promising. Barriers such as funding, fit between digital health tools and clinical workflows, and inertia towards technology, shall need to be addressed to allow for advancement of digital health solutions to support all parts of the cancer continuum. Future research should investigate the impact of digital health solutions on long-term cancer outcomes such as cancer mortality, morbidity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnblack K Kabukye
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Edward Kakungulu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette de Keizer
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Cornet
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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79
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Vanderpuye V, Dadzie MA, Huo D, Olopade OI. Assessment of Breast Cancer Management in Sub-Saharan Africa. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1593-1601. [PMID: 34843373 PMCID: PMC8624034 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To document progress and bottlenecks in breast cancer management in sub-Saharan Africa, subsequent to a 2013 pilot survey conducted through the African Organization for Research and Treatment in Cancer (AORTIC) network. METHODS An anonymous survey of breast cancer management was conducted in 2018 among AORTIC members. Results concerning respondent specialty, access to tumor boards, treatment accessibility, diagnostic services, and factors influencing treatment outcomes were compared with the 2013 findings. RESULTS Thirty-seven respondents from 30 facilities in 21 sub-Saharan Africa countries responded. The majority (92%) were clinical oncologists. Radiotherapy facilities were available in 70% of facilities. Seventy-eight percent of these had linear accelerators, and 42% had cobalt60 machines. Eighty percent of facilities had multidisciplinary tumor boards. Immunohistochemistry was routinely performed in 74% of facilities, computed tomography scan in 90%, bone scan in 16%, and positron emission tomography scans in 5%. Anthracyclines, taxanes, tamoxifen, letrozole, anastrozole, and zoledronic acid were available in the majority; trastuzumab, fertility, and genetic counseling were available in 66%, 58%, and 16%, respectively. There were a 50% increase in oncologist respondents over 2013 and a > 50% increase in radiotherapy facilities, particularly linear accelerators. Availability of trastuzumab, aromatase inhibitors, and taxanes increased. Immunohistochemistry capacity remained the same, whereas facilities harvesting at least 10 axillary lymph nodes increased. Bone scan facilities decreased. Responses suggested improved diagnostic services, systemic therapies, and radiotherapy. Sociocultural and economic barriers, system delays, and advanced stage at presentation remain. CONCLUSION Clinicians in sub-Saharan Africa have basic tools to improve breast cancer outcomes, recording positive strides in domains such as radiotherapy and systemic therapy. Socioeconomic and cultural barriers and system delays persist. Workforce expansion must be prioritized to improve quality of care to improve outcomes. This study highlights the current state of breast cancer management in Sub Saharan Africa, documenting key advancements , challenges and bottlenecks encountered in the sub region. Aside the major aspects of management, pertinent areas such as multidisciplinary tumour board engagements, fertility , genetic counselling and factors affecting outcome were explored. Majority of institutions manage breast cancer patients within a multidisciplinary setting using standard treatment guidelines. The high out of pocket cost of cancer treatment and advanced stage at presentation transcends in many sub Saharan countries negatively impacting outcomes. These results should serve as a benchmark to stakeholders , to guide urgent interventions required to further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verna Vanderpuye
- National Centre for Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mary-Ann Dadzie
- National Centre for Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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80
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Moustafa M, Mali ME, Lopez-Verdugo F, Sanyang O, Nellermoe J, Price RR, Manortey S, Biritwum-Nyarko A, Ofei I, Sorensen J, Goldsmith A, Brownson KE, Kumah A, Sutherland E. Surveying and mapping breast cancer services in Ghana: a cross-sectional pilot study in the Eastern Region. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051122. [PMID: 34824116 PMCID: PMC8627397 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Define the services available for the care of breast cancer at hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana, identify areas of the region with limited access to care through geospatial mapping, and test a novel survey instrument in anticipation of a nationwide scale up of the study. DESIGN A cross-sectional, facility-based survey study. SETTING This study was conducted at 33 of the 34 hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana from March 2020 to May 2020. PARTICIPANTS The 33 hospitals surveyed represented 97% of all hospitals in the region. This included private, government, quasi-government and faith-based organisation owned hospitals. RESULTS Sixteen hospitals (82%) surveyed provided basic screening services, 11 (33%) provided pathological diagnosis and 3 (9%) provided those services in addition to basic surgical care.53%, 64% and 78% of the population lived within 10 km, 25 km and 45 km of screening, diagnostic and treatment services respectively. Limited chemotherapy was available at two hospitals (6%), endocrine therapy at one hospital (3%) and radiotherapy was not available. Twenty-nine hospitals (88%) employed a general practitioner and 13 (39%) employed a surgeon. Oncology specialists, pathology personnel and a plastic surgeon were only available in one hospital (3%) in the Eastern Region. CONCLUSIONS Although 16 hospitals (82%) provided screening, only half the population lived within reasonable distance of these services. Few hospitals offered diagnosis and surgical services, but 64% and 78% of the population lived within a reasonable distance of these hospitals. Geospatial analysis suggested two priorities to cost-effectively expand breast cancer services: (1) increase the number of health facilities providing screening services and (2) centralise basic imaging, pathological and surgical services at targeted hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Moustafa
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Meghan Eileen Mali
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- General Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fidel Lopez-Verdugo
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ousman Sanyang
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jonathan Nellermoe
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Raymond R Price
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- General Surgery, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Ofei
- Eastern Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Koforidua, Eastern Region, Ghana
| | - Justin Sorensen
- J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alison Goldsmith
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kirstyn E Brownson
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute Cancer Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Augustine Kumah
- Quality and Public Health, Nyaho Medical Centre, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Sutherland
- Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Ensign Global College, Kpong, Eastern Region, Ghana
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81
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Ahuno ST, Doebley AL, Ahearn TU, Yarney J, Titiloye N, Hamel N, Adjei E, Clegg-Lamptey JN, Edusei L, Awuah B, Song X, Vanderpuye V, Abubakar M, Duggan M, Stover DG, Nyarko K, Bartlett JMS, Aitpillah F, Ansong D, Gardner KL, Boateng FA, Bowcock AM, Caldas C, Foulkes WD, Wiafe S, Wiafe-Addai B, Garcia-Closas M, Kwarteng A, Ha G, Figueroa JD, Polak P. Circulating tumor DNA is readily detectable among Ghanaian breast cancer patients supporting non-invasive cancer genomic studies in Africa. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:83. [PMID: 34535742 PMCID: PMC8448727 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing studies could provide novel insights into the molecular pathology of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In 15 patient plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis as part of the Ghana Breast Health Study and unselected for tumor grade and subtype, ctDNA was detected in a majority of patients based on whole- genome sequencing at high (30×) and low (0.1×) depths. Breast cancer driver copy number alterations were observed in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Terkper Ahuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anna-Lisa Doebley
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Hamel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maire Duggan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John M S Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francis Aitpillah
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Ansong
- Department of Child Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kevin L Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Anne M Bowcock
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - William D Foulkes
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Seth Wiafe
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paz Polak
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
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Dare AJ, Knapp GC, Romanoff A, Olasehinde O, Famurewa OC, Komolafe AO, Olatoke S, Katung A, Alatise OI, Kingham TP. High-burden Cancers in Middle-income Countries: A Review of Prevention and Early Detection Strategies Targeting At-risk Populations. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:1061-1074. [PMID: 34507972 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence is rising in low- and especially middle-income countries (MIC), driven primarily by four high-burden cancers (breast, cervix, lung, colorectal). By 2030, more than two-thirds of all cancer deaths will occur in MICs. Prevention and early detection are required alongside efforts to improve access to cancer treatment. Successful strategies for decreasing cancer mortality in high-income countries are not always effective, feasible or affordable in other countries. In this review, we evaluate strategies for prevention and early detection of breast, cervix, lung, and colorectal cancers, focusing on modifiable risk factors and high-risk subpopulations. Tobacco taxation, human papilloma virus vaccination, cervical cancer screen-and-treat strategies, and efforts to reduce patient and health system-related delays in the early detection of breast and colorectal cancer represent the highest yield strategies for advancing cancer control in many MICs. An initial focus on high-risk populations is appropriate, with increasing population coverage as resources allow. These strategies can deliver significant cancer mortality gains, and serve as a foundation from which countries can develop comprehensive cancer control programs. Investment in national cancer surveillance infrastructure is needed; the absence of national cancer data to identify at-risk groups remains a barrier to the development of context-specific cancer control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Dare
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory C Knapp
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anya Romanoff
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Akinwumi O Komolafe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Olatoke
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aba Katung
- Department of Surgery, Federal Medical College - Owo, Owo, Nigeria
| | | | - T Peter Kingham
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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83
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Mushonga M, Nyakabau AM, Ndlovu N, Iyer HS, Bellon JR, Kanda C, Ndarukwa-Jambwa S, Chipidza F, Makunike-Mutasa R, Muchuweti D, Muguti EG, Cluff Elmore SN. Patterns of Palliative Radiotherapy Utilization for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1212-1219. [PMID: 34343013 PMCID: PMC8457791 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In sub-Saharan Africa, radiotherapy (RT) utilization and delivery patterns have not been extensively studied in patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of female patients with metastatic breast cancer seen at Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Centre in Zimbabwe from 2014 to 2018 was conducted. Demographics, pathology, staging, and treatment data were abstracted through chart review. Fisher's exact test and chi-squared test of independence were used to compare proportions, and independent two-sample t-tests were used to compare means. RESULTS Of 351 patients with breast cancer, 152 (43%) had metastatic disease, median age 51 years (interquartile range: 43-61 years). Of those with metastatic disease, 30 patients (20%) received radiation to various metastatic sites: 16 spine; three nonspine bone metastases; six whole brain; and five chest wall or supraclavicular. Patients who received radiation were younger (46 v 52 years; P = .019), but did not differ significantly by performance status than those who did not. The most common dose prescription was 30 Gy in 10 fractions (33%). Five (17%) patients had treatment interruption and two (7%) had treatment noncompletion. Province of origin and clinical tumor stage were significant predictors of RT receipt (P = .002; and P = .018, respectively). CONCLUSION A minority of patients with metastatic breast cancer received RT (20%), and these were likely to be younger, with advanced tumor stage, and resided in provinces where RT is available. Conventional courses were generally prescribed. There is a need to strongly consider palliative RT as an option for patients with metastatic breast cancer and use of hypofractionated courses (e.g. 8 Gy in one fraction) may support this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mary Nyakabau
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Cancerserve Trust, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hari Subramaniam Iyer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Caroline Kanda
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Sandra Ndarukwa-Jambwa
- Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Fallon Chipidza
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA
| | - Rudo Makunike-Mutasa
- Department of Pathology, University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - David Muchuweti
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edwin G Muguti
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
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84
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Pumpalova YS, Ayeni OA, Chen WC, O'Neil DS, Nietz S, Phakathi B, Buccimazza I, Čačala S, Stopforth LW, Farrow HA, Joffe M, Mapanga W, Jacobson JS, Crew KD, Cubasch H, Ruff P, Neugut AI. Impact of HIV infection on overall survival among women with stage IV breast cancer in South Africa. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:285-296. [PMID: 34125339 PMCID: PMC9034410 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis is common in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including among women living with HIV (WLWH). In public hospitals across South Africa (SA), 10-15% of women present with stage IV BC, compared to < 5% in the United States (US); 20% of new BC diagnoses in SA are in WLWH. We evaluated the impact of HIV on overall survival (OS) among women with stage IV BC. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with stage IV BC between February 2, 2015 and September 18, 2019 at six public hospitals in SA. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between HIV status and OS. RESULTS Among 550 eligible women, 147 (26.7%) were WLWH. Compared to HIV-negative BC patients, WLWH were younger (median age 45 vs. 60 years, p < 0.001), predominantly black (95.9% vs. 77.9%, p < 0.001), and more likely to have hormone receptor-negative (hormone-negative) BC (32.7% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.016). Most women received systemic cancer-directed therapy (80.1%). HIV status was not associated with treatment or OS (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.13 [95%CI 0.89-1.44]). On exploratory subgroup analysis, WLWH and hormone-negative BC had shorter OS compared to HIV-uninfected women (1-year OS: 27.1% vs. 48.8%, p = 0.003; HR 1.94 [95%CI 1.27-2.94]; p = 0.002), which was not observed for hormone receptor-positive BC. CONCLUSION HIV status was not associated with worse OS in women with stage IV BC in SA and cannot account for the poor survival in this cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that WLWH with hormone-negative BC had worse OS, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna S Pumpalova
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oluwatosin A Ayeni
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways To Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel S O'Neil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Nietz
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Phakathi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ines Buccimazza
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sharon Čačala
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Laura W Stopforth
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Hayley A Farrow
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways To Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, Room 725, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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85
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Sayed S, Fan S, Moloo Z, Wasike R, Bird P, Saleh M, Shaikh AJ, Figueroa JD, Naidoo R, Makokha FW, Gardner K, Oigara R, Njoroge FW, Magangane P, Mutebi M, Chauhan R, Mwanzi S, Govender D, Yang XR. Breast cancer risk factors in relation to molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients from Kenya. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:68. [PMID: 34174935 PMCID: PMC8235821 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated risk factor heterogeneity by molecular subtypes in indigenous African populations where prevalence of traditional breast cancer (BC) risk factors, genetic background, and environmental exposures show marked differences compared to European ancestry populations. METHODS We conducted a case-only analysis of 838 pathologically confirmed BC cases recruited from 5 groups of public, faith-based, and private institutions across Kenya between March 2012 to May 2015. Centralized pathology review and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for key markers (ER, PR, HER2, EGFR, CK5-6, and Ki67) was performed to define subtypes. Risk factor data was collected at time of diagnosis through a questionnaire. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression models were used to determine associations between BC risk factors and tumor molecular subtypes, adjusted for clinical characteristics and risk factors. RESULTS The median age at menarche and first pregnancy were 14 and 21 years, median number of children was 3, and breastfeeding duration was 62 months per child. Distribution of molecular subtypes for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple negative (TN) breast cancers was 34.8%, 35.8%, 10.7%, and 18.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared to patients with ER-positive tumors, ER-negative patients were more likely to have higher parity (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = (1.11, 3.72), p = 0.021, comparing ≥ 5 to ≤ 2 children). Compared to patients with luminal A tumors, luminal B patients were more likely to have lower parity (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.87, p = 0.018, comparing ≥ 5 to ≤ 2 children); HER2-enriched patients were less likely to be obese (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.81, p = 0.013) or older age at menopause (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.997, p = 0.049). Body mass index (BMI), either overall or by menopausal status, did not vary significantly by ER status. Overall, cumulative or average breastfeeding duration did not vary significantly across subtypes. CONCLUSIONS In Kenya, we found associations between parity-related risk factors and ER status consistent with observations in European ancestry populations, but differing associations with BMI and breastfeeding. Inclusion of diverse populations in cancer etiology studies is needed to develop population and subtype-specific risk prediction/prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NCI/NIH) Bethesda, Maryland, Rockville, USA
| | - Zahir Moloo
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ronald Wasike
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mansoor Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Oigara
- St. Mary's Mission Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | | | | | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Sitna Mwanzi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- PathCare, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NCI/NIH) Bethesda, Maryland, Rockville, USA
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86
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Mathieu KM, YouYou TG, Hicks ML, Mutombo A, Anaclet MM, Sylvain MK, Pinder L, Hicks MM, Kanda L, Kanda M, Parham GP, Henry-Tillman R. Building a breast cancer detection and treatment platform in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by integrating training, service and infrastructure development. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1233. [PMID: 34221116 PMCID: PMC8225335 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, a global region where opportunities for breast care of any type are extremely limited due to insufficient infrastructure, a paucity of clinical services and vast shortages of trained human resources. Methods A team of Zambian and US gynaecologic and breast oncology experts and nurse-specialists made multiple visits (each lasting 5 working days) to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), over a 2-year period. During each of five week-long site visits, hands-on training of local Congolese health providers was conducted during which time they were taught clinical breast exam (CBE), breast and axillary ultrasound, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy/fine needle aspiration (FNA) and breast surgery. Simultaneous with the training exercises, a new breast care clinic was established and operationalised, and existing surgical theatres were upgraded. All activities were implemented in a private sector health care facility - Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital - in the capital city of Kinshasa. Results From April 2017 to August 2020, a total of 5,211 women were identified as having breast abnormalities on CBE. Ages ranged from 26 to 86 years; median age: 42.0 (±14.1) years. Ultrasound abnormalities were noted in 1,420 (27%) clients, of which 516 (36%) met the criteria (indeterminate cystic lesion, solid or suspicious masses) for ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy or FNA. Pathology reports were available for 368 (71%) of the 516 clients who underwent biopsy, of which 164 were malignant and 204 benign. The majority (88%) of the cancers were advanced (TNM stages 3 and 4). Surgical procedures consisted of 183 lumpectomies, 58 modified radical mastectomies and 45 axillary lymph node dissections. Clinical competency for diagnostic and surgical procedures was reached early in the course of the training programme. Conclusion By integrating onsite training with simultaneous investments in clinical service and infrastructure development, the barriers to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment were disrupted and a modern breast care service platform was established in a private sector health care facility in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabongo Mukuta Mathieu
- Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital, No. 9777, Boulevard Lumumba, Commune de Masina, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tankoy Gombo YouYou
- Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital, No. 9777, Boulevard Lumumba, Commune de Masina, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael L Hicks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital - Women and Newborn Hospital, 10101 Nationalist Way, Lusaka, Zambia.,St Mary Mercy Cancer Center, 36475 Five Mile Rd, Livonia, MI 48154, USA.,St Joseph Mercy Oakland Cancer Center, 44405 Woodward Ave, Suite 202, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA.,McLaren Macomb Medical Center, 1000 Harrington Blvd, Mount Clemens, MI 48043, USA.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-155X
| | - Alex Mutombo
- Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital, No. 9777, Boulevard Lumumba, Commune de Masina, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mukanya Mpalata Anaclet
- Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital, No. 9777, Boulevard Lumumba, Commune de Masina, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mulumba Kapuku Sylvain
- Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital, No. 9777, Boulevard Lumumba, Commune de Masina, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Leeya Pinder
- Department of Oncology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-7810
| | - Maya M Hicks
- Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1993-3367
| | - Louis Kanda
- Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, 400 Interstate N Pkwy, Suite 1040, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Mirielle Kanda
- Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, 400 Interstate N Pkwy, Suite 1040, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Groesbeck P Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital - Women and Newborn Hospital, 10101 Nationalist Way, Lusaka, Zambia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1782-9523
| | - Ronda Henry-Tillman
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Slot #725, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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87
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Elmore SNC, Mushonga M, Iyer HS, Kanda C, Chibonda S, Chipidza F, Makunike Mutasa R, Muchuweti D, Muguti EG, Maunganidze A, Ndlovu N, Bellon JR, Nyakabau AM. Breast cancer in Zimbabwe: patterns of care and correlates of adherence in a national referral hospital radiotherapy center cohort from 2014 to 2018. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3489-3498. [PMID: 33973399 PMCID: PMC8178482 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Zimbabwe. Patients face socioeconomic barriers to accessing oncology care, including radiotherapy. We sought to understand patterns of care and adherence for women with breast cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) with radiotherapy access. Methods A retrospective cohort was created for women with breast cancer evaluated at the Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center (RTC) from 2014 to 2018. Clinical data were collected to define patterns of care. Non‐adherence was modeled as a binary outcome with different criteria for patients with localized versus metastatic disease. Results In total, 351 women presented with breast cancer with median age 51 at diagnosis (IQR: 43–61). Receptor status was missing for 71% (248). 199 (57%) had non‐metastatic disease, and 152 (43%) had metastases. Of women with localized disease, 34% received post‐mastectomy radiation. Of women with metastatic disease, 9.7% received radiotherapy. Metastatic disease and missing HIV status were associated with increased odds of study‐defined non‐adherence (aOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.28; aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.11, 4.05), while availability of ER/PR status was associated with lower odds of non‐adherence (aOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.36). Conclusions Radiotherapy is likely underutilized for women with breast cancer, even in a setting with public sector availability. Exploring patient‐level factors that influence adherence to care may provide clinicians with better tools to support adherence and improve survival. Greater investment is needed in multidisciplinary, multimodality care for breast cancer in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekinah Nefreteri Cluff Elmore
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Melinda Mushonga
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Caroline Kanda
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Shirley Chibonda
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Fallon Chipidza
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudo Makunike Mutasa
- Department of Pathology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - David Muchuweti
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edwin G Muguti
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Aspect Maunganidze
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Oncology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jennifer Ruth Bellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Mary Nyakabau
- Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Pathology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Cancerserve Trust, Harare, Zimbabwe
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88
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Chyr J, Zhang Z, Chen X, Zhou X. PredTAD: A machine learning framework that models 3D chromatin organization alterations leading to oncogene dysregulation in breast cancer cell lines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2870-2880. [PMID: 34093998 PMCID: PMC8142020 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Topologically associating domains, or TADs, play important roles in genome organization and gene regulation; however, they are often altered in diseases. High-throughput chromatin conformation capturing assays, such as Hi-C, can capture domains of increased interactions, and TADs and boundaries can be identified using well-established analytical tools. However, generating Hi-C data is expensive. In our study, we addressed the relationship between multi-omics data and higher-order chromatin structures using a newly developed machine-learning model called PredTAD. Our tool uses already-available and cost-effective datatypes such as transcription factor and histone modification ChIPseq data. Specifically, PredTAD utilizes both epigenetic and genetic features as well as neighboring information to classify the entire human genome as boundary or non-boundary regions. Our tool can predict boundary changes between normal and breast cancer genomes. Among the most important features for predicting boundary alterations were CTCF, subunits of cohesin (RAD21 and SMC3), and chromosome number, suggesting their roles in conserved and dynamic boundaries formation. Upon further analysis, we observed that genes near altered TAD boundaries were found to be involved in several important breast cancer signaling pathways such as Ras, Jak-STAT, and estrogen signaling pathways. We also discovered a TAD boundary alteration that contributes to RET oncogene overexpression. PredTAD can also successfully predict TAD boundary changes in other conditions and diseases. In conclusion, our newly developed machine learning tool allowed for a more complete understanding of the dynamic 3D chromatin structures involved in signaling pathway activation, altered gene expression, and disease state in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chyr
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, Hubei 430205 China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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89
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Ayeni OA, Norris SA, Joffe M, Cubasch H, Galukande M, Zietsman A, Parham G, Adisa C, Anele A, Schüz J, Anderson BO, Foerster M, dos Santos Silva I, McCormack VA. Preexisting morbidity profile of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2158-2170. [PMID: 33180326 PMCID: PMC8129872 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of preexisting morbidities poses a challenge to cancer patient care. There is little information on the profile and prevalence of multi-morbidities in breast cancer patients across middle income countries (MIC) to lower income countries (LIC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) breast cancer cohort spans upper MICs South Africa and Namibia, lower MICs Zambia and Nigeria and LIC Uganda. At cancer diagnosis, seven morbidities were assessed: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, tuberculosis and HIV. Logistic regression models were used to assess determinants of morbidities and the influence of morbidities on advanced stage (stage III/IV) breast cancer diagnosis. Among 2189 women, morbidity prevalence was the highest for obesity (35%, country-specific range 15-57%), hypertension (32%, 15-51%) and HIV (16%, 2-26%) then for diabetes (7%, 4%-10%), asthma (4%, 2%-10%), tuberculosis (4%, 0%-8%) and heart disease (3%, 1%-7%). Obesity and hypertension were more common in upper MICs and in higher socioeconomic groups. Overall, 27% of women had at least two preexisting morbidities. Older women were more likely to have obesity (odds ratio: 1.09 per 10 years, 95% CI 1.01-1.18), hypertension (1.98, 1.81-2.17), diabetes (1.51, 1.32-1.74) and heart disease (1.69, 1.37-2.09) and were less likely to be HIV positive (0.64, 0.58-0.71). Multi-morbidity was not associated with stage at diagnosis, with the exception of earlier stage in obese and hypertensive women. Breast cancer patients in higher income countries and higher social groups in SSA face the additional burden of preexisting non-communicable diseases, particularly obesity and hypertension, exacerbated by HIV in Southern/Eastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin A. Ayeni
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research DivisionWits Health Consortium (PTY) LtdJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research DivisionWits Health Consortium (PTY) LtdJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research DivisionWits Health Consortium (PTY) LtdJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research DivisionWits Health Consortium (PTY) LtdJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
- Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of WitwatersrandJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Charles Adisa
- Department of SurgeryAbia State University Teaching HospitalAbaNigeria
| | - Angelica Anele
- Department of SurgeryFederal Medical CentreOwerriNigeria
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | | | - Milena Foerster
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non‐communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Valerie A. McCormack
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
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90
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Togawa K, Anderson BO, Foerster M, Galukande M, Zietsman A, Pontac J, Anele A, Adisa C, Parham G, Pinder LF, McKenzie F, Schüz J, dos Santos‐Silva I, McCormack V. Geospatial barriers to healthcare access for breast cancer diagnosis in sub-Saharan African settings: The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2212-2226. [PMID: 33197280 PMCID: PMC8048597 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the geospatial dimension of delays to diagnosis of breast cancer in a prospective study of 1541 women newly diagnosed in the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) Study. Women were recruited at cancer treatment facilities in Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda and Zambia. The baseline interview included information used to generate the geospatial features: urban/rural residence, travel mode to treatment facility and straight-line distances from home to first-care provider and to diagnostic/treatment facility, categorized into country/ethnicity (population)-specific quartiles. These factors were investigated in relation to delay in diagnosis (≥3 months since first symptom) and late stage at diagnosis (TNM: III, IV) using logistic regression, adjusted for population group and sociodemographic characteristics. The median (interquartile range) distances to first provider and diagnostic and treatment facilities were 5 (1-37), 17 (3-105) and 62 (5-289) km, respectively. The majority had a delay in diagnosis (74%) and diagnosis at late stage (64%). Distance to first provider was not associated with delay in diagnosis or late stage at diagnosis. Rural residence was associated with delay, but the association did not persist after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Distance to the diagnostic/treatment facility was associated with delay (highest vs lowest quartile: odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.27) and late stage (overall: OR = 1.47, CI = 1.05-2.06; without Nigerian hospitals where mostly local residents were treated: OR = 1.73, CI = 1.18-2.54). These findings underscore the need for measures addressing the geospatial barriers to early diagnosis in sub-Saharan African settings, including providing transport or travel allowance and decentralizing diagnostic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Togawa
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Benjamin O. Anderson
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research
- Center and Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Milena Foerster
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Annelle Zietsman
- Dr AB May Cancer Care CentreWindhoek Central HospitalWindhoekNamibia
| | - Johanna Pontac
- College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Angelica Anele
- Surgery/General/Oncology unitFederal Medical CentreOwerriNigeria
| | - Charles Adisa
- Department of SurgeryAbia State University Teaching HospitalAbaNigeria
| | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillZambia
| | - Leeya F. Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWomen and Newborn HospitalLusakaZambia
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Isabel dos Santos‐Silva
- Department of Non‐communicable Diseases EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Section of Environment and RadiationInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:209-249. [PMID: 33538338 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52747] [Impact Index Per Article: 17582.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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92
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Agodirin O, Aremu I, Rahman G, Olatoke S, Olaogun J, Akande H, Romanoff A. Determinants of Delayed Presentation and Advanced-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1007-1017. [PMID: 33906291 PMCID: PMC8325140 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Breast cancer (BC) mortality is exceptionally high in Africa due to late presentation and advanced-stage diagnosis. Previous studies examining barriers to early BC presentation are markedly inconsistent, showing conflicting findings within and between African regions, making resource allocation and designing interventional campaigns challenging. Our objective was to assess the strength or magnitude of the association between determinants/risk factors and delayed presentation/advanced-stage diagnosis of BC in Africa. Methods: Electronic searches in PubMed, AJOL, Google, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central found eligible articles between 2000 and 2020. The meta-analytical procedure in Meta-XL used the quality effect model. I-squared (I2) above 75% indicated high heterogeneity. The summary effect size was the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The effect of socio-economic and demographic determinants on delay varies across African regions. Low level of education (1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63), and not performing breast self examination (BSE) (13.59, 95% CI 3.33-55.4) were significantly associated with delayed presentation. Younger patients had more significant delays in West Africa (WA, 1.41, 95%CI 1.08-1.85), and the reverse occurred in North Africa (0.68, 95%CI 0.48-0.97). Lack of BC knowledge (1.59, 95% CI 1.29-1.97), not performing BSE, or no history of undergoing clinical breast examination (CBE) (2.45, 95% CI 1.60-3.40), were associated with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Older patients had significantly more advanced disease in WA, and the reverse occurred in South Africa. Aggressive molecular BC subtypes [Triple negative (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27-2.06) or HER2 positive (1.56, 95% CI 1.10-2.23)] were significant determinants of advanced-stage diagnosis. Conclusion: Promoting early presentation and reducing advanced-stage BC throughout Africa should focus on modifiable factors, including providing quality education, improving breast health awareness and BC knowledge, and developing strategies to increase BSE and CBE. Interventions targeting socio-demographic determinants should be context-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayide Agodirin
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State. Nigeria
| | - Isiaka Aremu
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state. Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Rahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast and Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast. Ghana
| | - Samuel Olatoke
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State. Nigeria
| | - Julius Olaogun
- Department of Surgery, Ekiti State University, and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria
| | - Halimat Akande
- Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state. Nigeria
| | - Anya Romanoff
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Cancer Disparities Initiatives, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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93
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Brandão M, Bruzzone M, Franzoi MA, De Angelis C, Eiger D, Caparica R, Piccart-Gebhart M, Buisseret L, Ceppi M, Dauby N, Carrilho C, Lunet N, de Azambuja E, Lambertini M. Impact of HIV infection on baseline characteristics and survival of women with breast cancer. AIDS 2021; 35:605-618. [PMID: 33394680 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As women living with HIV (WLWH) become older, their risk of developing breast cancer increases. Nonetheless, literature is conflicting regarding tumor stage, distribution of subtypes and overall survival among WLWH vs. HIV-negative women with breast cancer. We assessed differences in clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival between these two groups. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis using MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, SciELO and conference abstracts up to 1 January 2020. Cross-sectional/cohort studies comparing baseline characteristics (stage and/or subtypes) and/or overall survival of WLWH vs. HIV-negative women with breast cancer were included. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary statistics and subgroup analyses according to region of the world. RESULTS Eighteen studies [4 from North America, 14 from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)] were included, with 3174 WLWH and 2 394 598 HIV-negative women. WLWH from North America and SSA were more likely to present with stage III/IV disease compared with HIV-negative women - pooled odds ratio (pOR) 1.76 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.58-1.95] and pOR 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06-1.42), respectively. WLWH from SSA were also less likely to have estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative tumors (pOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66-0.99). After adjustment, WLWH had worse overall survival compared with HIV-negative women, both in North America [pooled adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.45; 95% CI: 1.11-5.41] and SSA (aHR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.06-1.92). CONCLUSION Compared with HIV-negative women, WLWH are diagnosed with breast cancer at a more advanced stage and have a worse overall survival. These results should raise awareness regarding the detection and survival gap among WLWH with breast cancer and further studies are needed to decipher the reasons behind these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brandão
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria-Alice Franzoi
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claudia De Angelis
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Daniel Eiger
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rafael Caparica
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Adrienne Bolland, Gosselies
- Centre for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Avenida Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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94
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Lurain K, Mbulaiteye SM. Does HIV undermine breast cancer outcomes in women? AIDS 2021; 35:689-690. [PMID: 33620873 PMCID: PMC7905782 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lurain
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of
Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland,
USA
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95
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Schüz J, Espina C. The eleventh hour to enforce rigorous primary cancer prevention. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:741-743. [PMID: 33660939 PMCID: PMC7931125 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
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96
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Teshome M, Chavez-MacGregor M. The Devastating Legacy of Breast Cancer Death in Sub-Saharan Africa-Maternal Orphans and a Cycle of Disadvantage. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:197-198. [PMID: 33355608 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mediget Teshome
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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97
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Galukande M, Schüz J, Anderson BO, Zietsman A, Adisa C, Anele A, Parham G, Pinder LF, Mutumba S, Lombe D, Cabanes A, Foerster M, dos-Santos-Silva I, McCormack V. Maternally Orphaned Children and Intergenerational Concerns Associated With Breast Cancer Deaths Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:285-289. [PMID: 33355599 PMCID: PMC7758819 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Low breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa's young population increases the likelihood that breast cancer deaths result in maternal orphans, ie, children (<18 years) losing their mother. OBJECTIVE To estimate the number of maternal orphans and their ages for every 100 breast cancer deaths in sub-Saharan African settings during 2014-2019 and to describe family concerns about the orphaned children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Deaths occurring between September 1, 2014, and July 1, 2019, in the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) were examined in a cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer during 2014-2017 at major cancer treatment hospitals in Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia. The cohort was actively followed up for vital status via a trimonthly mobile phone call to each woman or her next of kin (typically a partner, husband, or child). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The number (Poisson counts) and ages of new orphans at the time of maternal death. RESULTS This cohort study found that a total of 795 deaths resulted in 964 new maternal orphans, with deaths occurring in women younger than 50 years accounting for 85% of the orphans. For every 100 deaths in women younger than 50 years, there were 210 new orphans (95% CI, 196-225) overall, with country-specific estimates of 189 in Nigerian, 180 in Namibian, 222 in Ugandan, and 247 in Zambian Black women. For every 100 deaths of the women at any age, there were 121 maternal orphans, 17% of whom were younger than 5 years, 32% aged 5 to 9 years, and 51% aged 10 to 17 years at the time of maternal death. In follow-up interviews, families' concerns for children's education and childcare were reported to be exacerbated by the financial expenses associated with cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides evidence that the number of maternal orphans due to breast cancer exceeds the number of breast cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The intergenerational consequences associated with cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa appear to be large and support the need for continued action to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Galukande
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Branch of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Charles Adisa
- Department of Surgery, Abia State University Teaching Hospital Nigeria, Aba, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Angelica Anele
- Breast Oncology Unit, Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Groesbeck Parham
- UNC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Leeya F. Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Songiso Mutumba
- Outpatient Department, Matero Level One Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Dorothy Lombe
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Milena Foerster
- Branch of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Branch of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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98
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Sharma R. Global, regional, national burden of breast cancer in 185 countries: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:557-567. [PMID: 33515396 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the burden of breast cancer in 185 countries in 2018. METHODS The estimates of incidence, mortality, and prevalence of breast cancer were drawn from GLOBOCAN 2018. The overall burden of breast cancer was gauged using breast cancer burden index (BRCBI)-a novel index comprising age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), prevalence-to-incidence ratio (PIR), and prevalence-to-mortality ratio (PMR). The socioeconomic status of countries was measured using human development index (HDI) RESULTS: Globally, breast cancer was responsible for an estimated 626,679 deaths at age-standardized rate of 13/100,000; there were 2.1 million cases diagnosed in 2018 at age-standardized rate of 46.3/100,000. The ASIR varied 22-fold from 5/100,000 (Bhutan) to 113.2/100,000 (Belgium). The ASMR varied 13-fold from 2.7/100,000 (Bhutan) to 36.9/100,000 (Fiji). The HDI exhibited a positive gradient with ASIR (r = 0.73), PIR (r = 0.98), and PMR (r = 0.85); with MIR, however, it exhibited a negative association (r = - 0.83). The BRCBI spanned from 0.70 in Somalia to 78.92 in South Korea and exhibited a positive association with HDI (r = 0.76). An additional 46,823 female lives in 2018 and a cumulative total of 333,304 lives could have been saved over 2013-2018, had countries performed as per their HDI. CONCLUSIONS The substantial burden of breast cancer in developing and low-resource economies calls for a holistic approach to cancer management and control that includes oncologic infrastructure to provide cost-effective screening, diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative services, greater breast cancer awareness, and mitigation of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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99
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Xu S, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zheng J, Lin W, Cai J, Zou J, Chen Y, Xie Y, Chen Y, Li Z. The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Breast Cancer From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689562. [PMID: 34094989 PMCID: PMC8176863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of breast cancer has been increasing globally. The epidemiology burden and trends need to be updated. This study aimed to update the burden and trends of breast cancer incidences, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, using the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. METHODS The data of incidences, deaths, DALYs, and age-standardized rates were extracted. Estimated annual percentage changes were used to quantify the trends of age-standardized rates. Besides, the population attributable fractions of the risk factors of breast cancer were also estimated. RESULTS Globally, the incidences of breast cancer increased to 2,002,354 in 2019. High social-development index (SDI) quintiles had the highest incidence cases with a declining trend in age-standardized incidence rate. In 2019, the global deaths and DALYs of breast cancer increased to 700,660 and 20,625,313, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates declined globally, especially in high and high-middle SDI quintiles. Besides, the trends varied from different regions and countries. The proportion of the patients in the 70+ years age group increased globally. Deaths of breast cancer attributable to high fasting plasma glucose and high body mass index increased globally, and high fasting plasma glucose was the greatest contributor to the global breast cancer deaths. CONCLUSION The burden of breast cancer in higher SDI quintiles had gone down while the burden was still on the rise in lower SDI quintiles. It is necessary to appeal to the public to decrease the exposure of the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbo Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Jieyang, Jieyang Hospital Affiliated to SunYat-sen University, Jieyang, China
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Taofeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Jiehua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Weixun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Jiehui Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Yaokun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Yanna Xie
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Disease Research Center, The Medical Research Institute of Shantou Doctoral Association, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyang Li,
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100
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Santos LL, Miguel F, Túlsidas S, Spencer HB, Rodrigues B, Lopes LV, Freitas H. Highlights from the 4th PALOP-AORTIC Conference on Cancer, 29-31 July 2020, Luanda, Angola. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1108. [PMID: 33144876 PMCID: PMC7581336 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4th Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP)-African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) Conference on Cancer was held in July 2020 in Luanda, Angola, under the theme: 'Training to better care'. It was hosted by the Ministry of Health of Angola and AORTIC. It was held virtually using an online platform. The PALOP organisation comprises Lusophone African countries. The conference brought together 360 delegates from 12 countries. Key themes covered during the conference included: Instruments for Proficient Cancer Control in PALOP, oncology education and training in PALOP, CanScreen5-International Agency for Research on Cancer platform to improve quality in tracking cancer, International Gynecologic Cancer Society-Global Curriculum and Mentorship Programme, Oncology Training/Intervention-Support Programmes, Telepathology and Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities, Cancer Burden in PALOP region and Sub-Saharan Africa, Breast Cancer-The current situation in PALOP and The African Breast Cancer Coalition-Disparities in outcomes study in PALOP Countries (ABC-DO-PALOP) study: a proposal. It has been demonstrated that the collaboration and exchange of experiences between African countries and amongst PALOP, in particular, are crucial, whether in the organisation of population-based cancer registries, in the realization of national oncology plans, in the creation of therapeutic recommendations and in strengthening capacities in radiotherapy, amongst other important topics in oncology. The PALOP oncology school will be a fundamental training tool to be administered for better care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Research Group, and Surgical Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- ONCOCIR—Education and Care in Oncology—Lusophone and Africa, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Miguel
- Angolan Institute Against Cancer, Rua Amílcar Cabral, Luanda, Angola
| | - Satish Túlsidas
- Medical Oncology Service, Maputo Central Hospital, 1653 Av Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hirondina Borges Spencer
- Medical Oncology Service, Agostinho Neto Hospital, Rua Borjona de Freitas, Plateau, Praia 112, Cape Verde
| | - Belmira Rodrigues
- AORTIC Managing Director, AORTIC - PO Box 186, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Lygia Vieira Lopes
- Cancer Unit, Sagrada Esperança Clinic, Av Murtala Mohammed 298, Luanda, Angola
| | - Helga Freitas
- Director of Public Health of Angola, Ministry of Health of Angola, Largo Josina Machel, Luanda, Angola
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