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Micro- and Macrostructural White Matter Integrity in Never-Treated and Currently Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia and Effects of Short-Term Antipsychotic Treatment. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:462-471. [PMID: 30852126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with progressive white matter changes, but it is unclear whether antipsychotic medications contribute to these. Our objective was to characterize effects of short-term treatment with risperidone on white matter diffusion indices. METHODS We recruited 42 patients with schizophrenia (30 never treated and 12 currently untreated) and 42 matched healthy control subjects in this prospective case-control neuroimaging study. Patients received a 6-week trial of risperidone. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we assessed microstructural (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity) and macrostructural (radial fiber trophy) white matter integrity deficits in unmedicated patients compared with control subjects and change in white matter integrity in patients before and after antipsychotic treatment (mean risperidone dose at end point was 3.73 ± 1.72 mg). RESULTS At baseline, fractional anisotropy was decreased in the left medial temporal white matter (cluster extent: 123 voxels; Montreal Neurological Institute peak coordinates: x = -51, y = -44, z = -7; α < .05), and mean diffusivity was increased in the fusiform/lingual gyrus white matter extending to the hippocampal part of the cingulum (cluster extent: 185 voxels; peak coordinates: x = -27, y = -49, z = 2; α < .04) in patients compared with control subjects. Radial diffusivity and macrostructure were not abnormal. None of the diffusion indices showed a significant change after 6 weeks of treatment with both voxelwise and whole-brain white matter analyses. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate microstructural white matter integrity abnormalities in the absence of macrostructural impairment in unmedicated patients with primarily early-stage schizophrenia. In our data, we found no significant white matter changes after short-term treatment with risperidone.
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Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and associated brain structural changes: A systematic review. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 88:77-82. [PMID: 30529765 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia allow the generation of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS). PRS can be used to determine the contribution to altered brain structures in this disorder, which have been well described. However, findings from studies using PRS to predict brain structural changes in schizophrenia have been inconsistent. We therefore performed a systematic review to determine the association between schizophrenia PRS and brain structure. METHODS Following PRISMA systematic review guidelines, databases were searched for literature using key search terms. Inclusion criteria for the discovery sample required case-control schizophrenia GWAS summary statistics from European populations. The target sample was required to be of European ancestry, and have brain structure and genotype information. Quality assessment of the publications was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quantitative non-randomised studies. MAIN FINDINGS A total of seven studies were found to be eligible for review. Five studies found no significant association and two studies found a significant association of schizophrenia PRS with total brain, reduced white matter volume, and globus pallidus volume. However, the latter studies were conducted using smaller discovery (ncases = 9394 ncontrols = 12,462) and target samples compared to the studies with substantially larger discovery (ncases = 33,636 ncontrols = 43,008) and target samples where no association was observed. Taken together, the results suggest that schizophrenia PRS are not significantly associated with brain structural changes in this disorder. CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant association between schizophrenia PRS and brain structural changes may indicate that intermediate phenotypes other than brain structure should be the focus of future work. Alternatively, however, the lack of association found here may point to limitations of the current evidence-base, and so point to the need for future better powered studies.
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Development of Neuroimaging-Based Biomarkers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:159-195. [PMID: 31705495 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of accumulating neuroimaging data with emphasis on translational potential. The subject will be described in the context of three disease states, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and for three clinical goals, i.e., disease risk assessment, subtyping, and treatment decision.
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Shivakumar V, Kalmady SV, Rajasekaran A, Chhabra H, Anekal AC, Narayanaswamy JC, Ravi V, Gangadhar BN, Venkatasubramanian G. Telomere length and its association with hippocampal gray matter volume in antipsychotic-naïve/free schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 282:11-17. [PMID: 30384145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated ageing processes are postulated to underlie schizophrenia pathogenesis. This postulate is supported by observations of reduced telomere length in schizophrenia patients. Hippocampus, one of the most important brain regions implicated in schizophrenia, is shown to atrophy at a faster rate in aging. In this study, telomere length (TL) was measured in 30 antipsychotic-naive/free schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls using quantitative PCR assay. Hippocampus volume was measured using voxel-based morphometry. Schizophrenia was associated with differential TL between sexes [Status × Sex; F(1,85) = 5.9, p = 0.017, η2 = 0.065]. Male schizophrenia patients had significantly lower relative TL than female patients [F(1,85) = 7.38, p = 0.008], while such sex difference was not observed in healthy controls [F(1,85) = 0.16, p = 0.69]. Schizophrenia patients showed a significant sex-by-telomere interaction with both right & left hippocampus, with male patients showing positive association of telomere length with volume, while female patients showed negative association. Telomere shortening and the positive association of telomere length with hippocampus volume was observed only in male patients with schizophrenia. Since correlational observations in this cross-sectional study does not necessarily support definitive causal relationship, further longitudinal studies examining hippocampus volume and telomere in schizophrenia patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataram Shivakumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Sunil V Kalmady
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Ashwini Rajasekaran
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Amaresha C Anekal
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Vasanthapuram Ravi
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
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Schmitz F, Chao MV, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate alters Akt-mTOR signaling in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 73:10-18. [PMID: 30578823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in methylphenidate (MPH) prescriptions in recent years has worried researchers about its misuse among individuals who do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as young children and students in search of cognitive improvement or for recreational reasons. The action of MPH is based mainly on inhibition of dopamine transporter, but the complete cellular effects are still unknown. Based upon prior studies, we attempted to determine whether the treatment with MPH (1μM) influences protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways (Akt-mTOR), including translation repressor protein (4E-BP1) and mitogen activated protein kinase (S6K), in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), a well characterized cellular model, in a long or short term. MPH effects on the Akt substrates [cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)] were also evaluated. Whereas short term MPH treatment decreased the pAkt/Akt, pmTOR/mTOR and pS6K/S6K ratios, as well as pFoxO1 immunocontent in PC12 cells, long term treatment increased pAkt/Akt, pmTOR/mTOR and pGSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio. Phosphorylation levels of 4E-BP1 were decreased at 15 and 30 min and increased at 1 and 6 h by MPH. pCREB/CREB ratio was decreased. This study shows that the Akt-mTOR pathway, as well as other important Akt substrates which have been described as important regulators of protein synthesis, as well as being implicated in cellular survival, synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, was affected by MPH in PC12 cells, representing an important step in exploring the MPH effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Huhtaniska S, Korkala I, Heikka T, Björnholm L, Lehtiniemi H, Hulkko AP, Moilanen J, Tohka J, Manjón J, Coupé P, Kiviniemi V, Isohanni M, Koponen H, Murray GK, Miettunen J, Jääskeläinen E. Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use and brain morphology in schizophrenia and affective psychoses - Systematic reviews and birth cohort study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 281:43-52. [PMID: 30219591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate differences in brain structure volumes between schizophrenia and affective psychoses, and whether cumulative lifetime antipsychotic or benzodiazepine doses relate to brain morphology in these groups. We conducted two systematic reviews on the topic and investigated 44 schizophrenia cases and 19 with affective psychoses from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. The association between lifetime antipsychotic and benzodiazepine dose and brain MRI scans at the age of 43 was investigated using linear regression. Intracranial volume, sex, illness severity, and antipsychotic/benzodiazepine doses were used as covariates. There were no differences between the groups in brain structure volumes. In schizophrenia, after adjusting for benzodiazepine dose and symptoms, a negative association between lifetime antipsychotic dose and the nucleus accumbens volume remained. In affective psychoses, higher lifetime benzodiazepine dose associated with larger volumes of total gray matter and hippocampal volume after controlling for antipsychotic use and symptoms. It seems that in addition to antipsychotics, the severity of symptoms and benzodiazepine dose are also associated with brain structure volumes. These results suggest, that benzodiazepine effects should also be investigated also independently and not only as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Huhtaniska
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Iikka Korkala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikka
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Björnholm
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Lehtiniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja P Hulkko
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Moilanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - José Manjón
- Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS (UMR 5800), PICTURA Research Group, France
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hannu Koponen
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graham K Murray
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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Suo X, Lei D, Li L, Li W, Dai J, Wang S, He M, Zhu H, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Psychoradiological patterns of small-world properties and a systematic review of connectome studies of patients with 6 major psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:427. [PMID: 30375837 PMCID: PMC6203546 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain connectome research based on graph theoretical analysis shows that small-world topological properties play an important role in the structural and functional alterations observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. However, the reported global topological alterations in small-world properties are controversial, are not consistently conceptualized according to agreed-upon criteria, and are not critically examined for consistent alterations in patients with each major psychiatric disorder. Methods Based on a comprehensive PubMed search, we systematically reviewed studies using noninvasive neuroimaging data and graph theoretical approaches for 6 major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we describe the main patterns of altered small-world properties and then systematically review the evidence for these alterations in the structural and functional connectome in patients with these disorders. Results We selected 40 studies of schizophrenia, 33 studies of MDD, 5 studies of ADHD, 5 studies of BD, 7 studies of OCD and 5 studies of PTSD. The following 4 patterns of altered small-world properties are defined from theperspectives of segregation and integration: "regularization," "randomization," "stronger small-worldization" and "weaker small-worldization." Although more differences than similarities are noted in patients with these disorders, a prominent trend is the structural regularization versus functional randomization in patients with schizophrenia. Limitations Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, preprocessing steps and analytical methods can produce contradictory results, increasing the difficulty of integrating results across different studies. Conclusion Four psychoradiological patterns of altered small-world properties are proposed. The analysis of altered smallworld properties may provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders from a connectomic perspective. In future connectome studies, the global network measures of both segregation and integration should be calculated to fully evaluate altered small-world properties in patients with a particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Suo
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Du Lei
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Lei Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Wenbin Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Jing Dai
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Song Wang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Manxi He
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong)
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van Erp TGM, Walton E, Hibar DP, Schmaal L, Jiang W, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Yao N, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto R, Okada N, Yamamori H, Bustillo JR, Clark VP, Agartz I, Mueller BA, Cahn W, de Zwarte SMC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS, Ophoff RA, van Haren NEM, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Doan NT, Gurholt TP, Hartberg CB, Haukvik UK, Jørgensen KN, Lagerberg TV, Melle I, Westlye LT, Gruber O, Kraemer B, Richter A, Zilles D, Calhoun VD, Crespo-Facorro B, Roiz-Santiañez R, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Loughland C, Carr VJ, Catts S, Cropley VL, Fullerton JM, Green MJ, Henskens F, Jablensky A, Lenroot RK, Mowry BJ, Michie PT, Pantelis C, Quidé Y, Schall U, Scott RJ, Cairns MJ, Seal M, Tooney PA, Rasser PE, Cooper G, Weickert CS, Weickert TW, Morris DW, Hong E, Kochunov P, Beard LM, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Belger A, Brown GG, Ford JM, Macciardi F, Mathalon DH, O’Leary DS, Potkin SG, Preda A, Voyvodic J, Lim KO, McEwen S, Yang F, Tan Y, Tan S, Wang Z, Fan F, Chen J, Xiang H, Tang S, Guo H, Wan P, Wei D, Bockholt HJ, Ehrlich S, Wolthusen RPF, King MD, Shoemaker JM, Sponheim SR, De Haan L, Koenders L, Machielsen MW, van Amelsvoort T, Veltman DJ, Assogna F, Banaj N, de Rossi P, Iorio M, Piras F, Spalletta G, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, Corvin A, Donohoe G, Kelly S, Whelan CD, Dickie EW, Rotenberg D, Voineskos A, Ciufolini S, Radua J, Dazzan P, Murray R, Marques TR, Simmons A, Borgwardt S, Egloff L, Harrisberger F, Riecher-Rössler A, Smieskova R, Alpert KI, Wang L, Jönsson EG, Koops S, Sommer IEC, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Di Giorgio A, Neilson E, Mayer AR, Stephen JM, Kwon JS, Yun JY, Cannon DM, McDonald C, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev AS, Akhadov T, Kaleda V, Fatouros-Bergman H, Flyckt L, Busatto GF, Rosa PGP, Serpa MH, Zanetti MV, Hoschl C, Skoch A, Spaniel F, Tomecek D, Hagenaars SP, McIntosh AM, Whalley HC, Lawrie SM, Knöchel C, Oertel-Knöchel V, Stäblein M, Howells FM, Stein DJ, Temmingh H, Uhlmann A, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Dima D, McMahon A, Faskowitz JI, Gutman BA, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Turner JA. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:644-654. [PMID: 29960671 PMCID: PMC6177304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group. METHODS The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11-78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10-87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide. RESULTS Compared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo GM. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Esther Walton
- Imaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Nailin Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Vincent P. Clark
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja MC. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje EM. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA,Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie B. Hartberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil N. Jørgensen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine V. Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Zilles
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain,Neuroimaging Unit.Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain, Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmel Loughland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa L. Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frans Henskens
- PRC for Health Behaviour, and FEBE, University of Newcastle Australia, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rhoshel K. Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan J. Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centres for Brain & Mental Health and Grow Up Well, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centres for Brain & Mental Health and Grow Up Well, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Cooper
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren M. Beard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judith M. Ford
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fude Yang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyou Tang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan province, Zhumadian, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan province, Zhumadian, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Luoyang Fifth People’s Hospital, Henan province, Luoyang, China
| | - Henry J. Bockholt
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, LLC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany, Dresden, Germany,Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program
| | - Rick PF. Wolthusen
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany, Dresden, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Emotion and Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Minneapolis VA HCS, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lieuwe De Haan
- Department of psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Koenders
- Department of psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marise W. Machielsen
- Department of psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro de Rossi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University “Sapienza” of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iorio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tx USA
| | - Peter J. McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura Egloff
- University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn I. Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris EC. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Emma Neilson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Tolibjohn Akhadov
- Children’s Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Flyckt
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro GP. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyril Hoschl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic,MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saskia P. Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- University of Cape Town Dept of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital (J2), Cape Town South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- University of Cape Town Dept of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital (J2), Cape Town South Africa,MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henk Temmingh
- University of Cape Town Dept of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital (J2), Cape Town South Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- University of Cape Town Dept of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital (J2), Cape Town South Africa,MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I. Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Imaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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59
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Rund BR. The research evidence for schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:49-58. [PMID: 29356007 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts very early. In this review we describe the empirical evidence for the neurodevelopmental model. First, by outlining the roots of psychological research that laid the foundation of the model. Thereafter, describing cognitive dysfunction observed in schizophrenia, and the course of cognitive functioning in the illness. Then, research findings that speak for and studies that speak against the view that schizophrenia is a degenerative process is discussed. We find that there is ample evidence that cognitive disturbance is a core element in schizophrenia. However, we have limited understanding of what initiates the abnormal development. This the paper ends with pointing out some of the factors that may trigger the deviant neurocognitive development in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Rishovd Rund
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
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60
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Powell F, LoCastro E, Acosta D, Ahmed M, O'Donoghue S, Forde N, Cannon D, Scanlon C, Rao T, McDonald C, Raj A. Age-Related Changes in Topological Degradation of White Matter Networks and Gene Expression in Chronic Schizophrenia. Brain Connect 2018; 7:574-589. [PMID: 28946750 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses stipulate core symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) result from the brain's incapacity to integrate neural processes. Converging diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory studies provide evidence of macrostructural alterations in SZ. However, age-related topological changes within and between white matter (WM) networks and its relationship to gene expression with disease progression remain incompletely understood. This cross-sectional study uses network modeling to investigate changes in WM network organization with disease progression in chronic SZ as well its relationship with gene expression in healthy brains. First, we replicate prior findings demonstrating altered global WM network topology in SZ. Novel results show significantly altered age-related network degradation patterns in patients compared with controls. Specifically, controls show stereotyped, linear global network decline with age. In contrast, patients show nonlinear network decline with age. Further analysis reveals lack of significant topological decline in younger adult patients, which is subsequently followed by stereotyped linear decline in older adult patients. Node-specific analyses show significant topological differences in frontal and limbic regions of younger adult patients compared with age-matched controls, which become less pronounced with age in older adult patients compared with age-matched controls. Lastly, we show several gene expression profiles, including DISC1, are associated with age-related changes in WM disconnectivity. Together, these findings provide novel WM topological and genetic evidence supporting neurodevelopmental models of SZ, suggesting that network remodeling continues throughout the third decade of life before stabilizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fon Powell
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Eve LoCastro
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Diana Acosta
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefani O'Donoghue
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Natalie Forde
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara Cannon
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathy Scanlon
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Tushar Rao
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Colm McDonald
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Ashish Raj
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
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61
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Brain white matter structural networks in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:142-155. [PMID: 28190161 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and suggested that it may be related to disrupted brain white matter (WM) connectivity. However, no study has examined the topological properties of brain WM structural networks in SLE patients, especially in patients with non-neuropsychiatric SLE (non-NPSLE). In this study, we acquired DTI datasets from 28 non-NPSLE patients and 24 healthy controls, constructed their brain WM structural networks by using a deterministic fiber tracking approach, estimated the topological parameters of their structural networks, and compared their group differences. We reached the following results: 1) At the global level, the non-NPSLE patients showed significantly increased characteristic path length, normalized clustering coefficient and small-worldness, but significantly decreased global efficiency and local efficiency compared to the controls; 2) At the nodal level, the non-NPSLE patients had significantly decreased nodal efficiency in regions related to movement control, executive control, and working memory (bilateral precentral gyri, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior parietal lobes, left median cingulate gyrus and paracingulate gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus). In addition, to pinpointing the injured WM fiber tracts in the non-NPSLE patients, we reconstructed the major brain WM pathways connecting the abnormal regions at the nodal level with the corticospinal tract (CST), superior longitudinal fasciculus-parietal terminations (SLFP), and superior longitudinal fasciculus-temporal terminations (SLFT). By analyzing the diffusion parameters along these WM fiber pathways, we detected abnormal diffusion parameters in the bilateral CST and right SLFT in the non-NPSLE patients. These results seem to indicate that injured brain WM connectivity exists in SLE patients even in the absence of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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62
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Godwin D, Alpert KI, Wang L, Mamah D. Regional cortical thinning in young adults with schizophrenia but not psychotic or non-psychotic bipolar I disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2018; 6:16. [PMID: 29992455 PMCID: PMC6161965 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-018-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia shares some genetic risk and clinical symptoms with bipolar disorder. Clinical heterogeneity across subjects is thought to contribute to variable structural imaging findings across studies. The current study investigates cortical thickness in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder with a history of hyperthymic mania. We hypothesize that cortical thickness will be most similar between SCZ and the psychotic bipolar 1 disorder subtype. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 52), psychotic bipolar I disorder (PBD; n = 49) and non-psychotic bipolar I disorder (NPBD; n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 40) were scanned in a 3T Trio MRI. The thickness of 34 cortical regions was estimated with FreeSurfer, and analyzed using univariate analyses of variance. Relationships to psychotic (SAPS) and negative (SANS) symptoms were investigated using linear regression. RESULTS Cortical thickness showed significant group effects, after covarying for sex, age, and intracranial volume (p = 0.001). SCZ subjects had thinner paracentral, inferior parietal, supramarginal and fusiform cortices compared to CON. Caudal anterior cingulate cortical thickness was increased in SCZ, PBD and NPBD. Cortical thickness in PBD and NPBD were not significantly different from controls. Significant partial correlations were observed for SAPS severity with middle temporal (r = - 0.26; p = 0.001) and fusiform (- 0.26; p = 0.001) cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with SCZ displayed significantly reduced cortical thickness in several cortical regions compared to both CON and bipolar. We found that SCZ participants had significant cortical thinning relative to CON and bipolar disorder most significantly in the frontal (i.e. paracentral), parietal (i.e. inferior parietal, supramarginal), and temporal (i.e. middle temporal, fusiform) cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass Godwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kathryn I. Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, USA
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63
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Mancke F, Herpertz SC, Hirjak D, Knies R, Bertsch K. Amygdala structure and aggressiveness in borderline personality disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:417-427. [PMID: 27878376 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggressiveness is considered an important clinical feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and has been associated with alterations of the amygdala. However, studies that analyzed the exact location of amygdala alterations associated with aggressiveness in BPD or that systematically compared female and male BPD patients are missing. In the current study, we therefore investigated a sex-mixed sample of BPD patients and healthy volunteers and applied an automated segmentation method that allows the study of both, alterations of amygdala volume and localized amygdala shape. Volumetric results revealed no difference in amygdala volume between BPD patients and healthy volunteers, but a trend for a positive association between volume of the right amygdala and aggressiveness in male BPD patients. Analyses of amygdala shape showed a trend for a group by sex interaction effect in the left laterobasal amygdala, without a difference in subgroup analyses. Finally, regions of the left superficial and laterobasal amygdala of male BPD patients were positively associated with aggressiveness. In sum, our results emphasize the need to consider sex-specific effects and demonstrate a link between male BPD patients' aggressiveness and amygdala regions that are particularly related to social information processing and associative emotional learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Mancke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Knies
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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64
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Guma E, Rocchetti J, Devenyi GA, Tanti A, Mathieu A, Lerch JP, Elgbeili G, Courcot B, Mechawar N, Chakravarty MM, Giros B. Regional brain volume changes following chronic antipsychotic administration are mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor. Neuroimage 2018; 176:226-238. [PMID: 29704613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroanatomical alterations are well established in patients suffering from schizophrenia, however the extent to which these changes are attributable to illness, antipsychotic drugs (APDs), or their interaction is unclear. APDs have been extremely effective for treatment of positive symptoms in major psychotic disorders. Their therapeutic effects are mediated, in part, through blockade of D2-like dopamine (DA) receptors, i.e. the D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors. Furthermore, the dependency of neuroanatomical change on DA system function and D2-like receptors has yet to be explored. METHODS We undertook a preclinical longitudinal study to examine the effects of typical (haloperidol (HAL)) and atypical (clozapine (CLZ)) APDs in wild type (WT) and dopamine D2 knockout (D2KO) mice over 9-weeks using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Chronic typical APD administration in WT mice was associated with reductions in total brain (p = 0.009) and prelimbic area (PL) (p = 0.02) volumes following 9-weeks, and an increase in striatal volume (p = 0.04) after six weeks. These APD-induced changes were not present in D2KOs, where, at baseline, we observed significantly smaller overall brain volume (p < 0.01), thinner cortices (q < 0.05), and enlarged striata (q < 0.05). Stereological assessment revealed increased glial density in PL area of HAL treated wild types. Interestingly, in WT and D2KO mice, chronic CLZ administration caused more limited changes in brain structure. CONCLUSIONS Our results present evidence for the role of D2 DA receptors in structural alterations induced by the administration of the typical APD HAL and that chronic administration of CLZ has a limited influence on brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Department of Psychiatry & Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4 Canada; Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jill Rocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry & Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Axel Mathieu
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Center - Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Biophysics -University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Department of Psychiatry & Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Blandine Courcot
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry & Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4 Canada; Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry & Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4 Canada; Sorbonne University, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U 1130, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM119, 75005, Paris, France.
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65
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Ohtani T, Del Re E, Levitt JJ, Niznikiewicz M, Konishi J, Asami T, Kawashima T, Roppongi T, Nestor PG, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF, McCarley RW. Progressive symptom-associated prefrontal volume loss occurs in first-episode schizophrenia but not in affective psychosis. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2879-2892. [PMID: 29671056 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although smaller gray matter volumes (GMV) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been reported cross-sectionally, there are, to our knowledge, no reports of longitudinal comparisons using manually drawn, gyrally based ROI, and their associations with symptoms. The object of this study was to determine whether first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) and first-episode affective psychosis (FEAFF) patients show initial and progressive PFC GMV reduction in bilateral frontal pole, superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and examine their symptom associations. Twenty-one FESZ, 24 FEAFF and 23 healthy control subjects (HC) underwent 1.5T MRI with follow-up imaging on the same scanner ~ 1.5 years later. Groups were strikingly different in progressive GMV loss. FESZ showed significant progressive GMV loss in the left SFG, bilateral MFG, and bilateral IFG. In addition, left MFG and/or IFG GMV loss was associated with worsening of withdrawal-retardation and total BPRS symptoms scores. In contrast, FEAFF showed no significant difference in GMV compared with HC, either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. Of note, FreeSurfer run on the same images showed no significant changes longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Del Re
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Levitt
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Konishi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asami
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawashima
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohide Roppongi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul G Nestor
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA. .,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, 116A, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA, 02301, USA
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66
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Morrison PD, Murray RM. The antipsychotic landscape: dopamine and beyond. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2018; 8:127-135. [PMID: 29607005 PMCID: PMC5846922 DOI: 10.1177/2045125317752915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the actions of antipsychotic and pro-psychotic drugs have largely been evaluated in the framework of neuronal doctrine - namely, that neurons communicate by releasing transmitters, and that psychiatric disorders are caused by neurotransmitter imbalances. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused on single transmitter systems - neglecting the fact that in the nervous system, different transmitter systems work in concert and impact on not only their immediate receptors but also downstream pathways that shape structural plasticity. In this review, we discuss the history of understanding the antipsychotic and pro-psychotic actions of drugs, recent developments and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morrison
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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67
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Ganella EP, Seguin C, Bartholomeusz CF, Whittle S, Bousman C, Wannan CMJ, Di Biase MA, Phassouliotis C, Everall I, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. Risk and resilience brain networks in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:284-292. [PMID: 28735641 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes, molecules and neural circuits that are associated with, or confer risk to developing schizophrenia have been studied and mapped. It is hypothesized that certain neural systems may counterbalance familial risk of schizophrenia, and thus confer resilience to developing the disorder. This study sought to identify resting-state functional brain connectivity (rs-FC) representing putative risk or resilience endophenotypes in schizophrenia. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed in 42 individuals with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), 16 unaffected first-degree family members (UFM) and 42 healthy controls. Whole-brain rs-FC networks were mapped for each individual and analysed graph theoretically to identify network markers associated with schizophrenia risk or resilience. RESULTS The ~900 functional connections showing between-group differences were operationalized as conferring: i) resilience, ii) risk, or iii) precipitating risk and/or illness effects. Approximately 95% of connections belonged to the latter two categories, with substantially fewer connections associated with resilience. Schizophrenia risk primarily involved reduced frontal and occipital rs-FC, with patients showing additional reduced frontal and temporal rs-FC. Functional brain networks were characterized by greater local efficiency in UFM, compared to TRS and controls. CONCLUSIONS TRS and UFM share frontal and occipital rs-FC deficits, representing a 'risk' endophenotype. Additional reductions in frontal and temporal rs-FC appear to be associated with risk that precipitates psychosis in vulnerable individuals, or may be due to other illness-related effects, such as medication. Functional brain networks are more topologically resilient in UFM compared to TRS, which may protect UFM from psychosis onset despite familial liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Ganella
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Australia.
| | - Caio Seguin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Hawthorne, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra M J Wannan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Phassouliotis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Everall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Structural Neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: Future Directions in the Quest for Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Alterations. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:224-234. [PMID: 28967386 PMCID: PMC6053269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and extreme weight loss. Pseudoatrophic brain changes are often readily visible in individual brain scans, and AN may be a valuable model disorder to study structural neuroplasticity. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have found reduced gray matter volume and cortical thinning in acutely underweight patients to normalize following successful treatment. However, some well-controlled studies have found regionally greater gray matter and persistence of structural alterations following long-term recovery. Findings from diffusion tensor imaging studies of white matter integrity and connectivity are also inconsistent. Furthermore, despite the severity of AN, the number of existing structural neuroimaging studies is still relatively low, and our knowledge of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for macrostructural brain changes is rudimentary. We critically review the current state of structural neuroimaging in AN and discuss the potential neurobiological basis of structural brain alterations in the disorder, highlighting impediments to progress, recent developments, and promising future directions. In particular, we argue for the utility of more standardized data collection, adopting a connectomics approach to understanding brain network architecture, employing advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods that quantify biomarkers of brain tissue microstructure, integrating data from multiple imaging modalities, strategic longitudinal observation during weight restoration, and large-scale data pooling. Our overarching objective is to motivate carefully controlled research of brain structure in eating disorders, which will ultimately help predict therapeutic response and improve treatment.
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69
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Frissen A, van Os J, Peeters S, Gronenschild E, Marcelis M. Evidence that reduced gray matter volume in psychotic disorder is associated with exposure to environmental risk factors. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 271:100-110. [PMID: 29174764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether cannabis use, childhood trauma and urban upbringing are associated with total gray matter volume (GMV) in individuals with (risk for) psychotic disorder and whether this is sex-specific. T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 patients with a psychotic disorder, 95 healthy siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 87 controls. Multilevel random regression analyses were used to examine main effects and interactions between group, sex and environmental factors in models of GMV. The three-way interaction between group, sex and cannabis (χ2 =12.43, p<0.01), as well as developmental urbanicity (χ2 = 6.29, p = 0.01) were significant, indicating that cannabis use and developmental urbanicity were associated with lower GMV in the male patient group (cannabis: B= -32.54, p < 0.01; developmental urbanicity: B= -10.23, p=0.03). For childhood trauma, the two-way interaction with group was significant (χ2 = 5.74, p = 0.02), indicating that childhood trauma was associated with reduced GMV in the patient group (B=-9.79, p=0.01). The findings suggest that reduction of GMV in psychotic disorder may be the outcome of differential sensitivity to environmental risks, particularly in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleida Frissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanne Peeters
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Gronenschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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70
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Sun Y, Chen Y, Collinson SL, Bezerianos A, Sim K. Reduced Hemispheric Asymmetry of Brain Anatomical Networks Is Linked to Schizophrenia: A Connectome Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:602-615. [PMID: 26503264 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite convergent evidence indicating a variety of regional abnormalities of hemispheric asymmetry in schizophrenia, patterns of wider neural network asymmetry remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated alterations in hemispheric white matter topology in schizophrenia and their association with clinical manifestations of the illness. Weighted hemispheric brain anatomical networks were constructed for each of 116 right-handed patients with schizophrenia and 66 matched healthy participants. Graph theoretical approaches were then employed to estimate the hemispheric topological properties. We found that although small-world properties were preserved in the hemispheric network, a significant hemispheric-independent deficit of global integration was found in schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant group-by-hemisphere interaction was revealed in the characteristic path length and global efficiency, attributing to significantly reduced hemispheric asymmetry of global integration in patients compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we found reduced asymmetric nodal efficiency in several frontal regions and the hippocampus. Finally, the abnormal hemispheric asymmetry of brain anatomical network topology was associated with clinical features (duration of illness and psychotic psychopathology) in patients. Our findings provide new insights into lateralized nature of hemispheric dysconnectivity and highlight the potential for using brain network measures of hemispheric asymmetry as neural biomarkers for schizophrenia and its clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences
| | - Yu Chen
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences
| | - Simon L Collinson
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kang Sim
- Department of General Psychiatry.,Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Singapore
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71
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Lottman KK, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Reid MA, Calhoun VD, Catao F, Lahti AC. Four-way multimodal fusion of 7 T imaging data using an mCCA+jICA model in first-episode schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1475-1488. [PMID: 29315951 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of multimodal brain imaging data for the same subject has become more common leading to a growing interest in determining the intermodal relationships between imaging modalities to further elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Multimodal data have previously been individually analyzed and subsequently integrated; however, these analysis techniques lack the ability to examine true modality inter-relationships. The utilization of a multiset canonical correlation and joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA) model for data fusion allows shared or distinct abnormalities between modalities to be examined. In this study, first-episode schizophrenia patients (nSZ =19) and matched controls (nHC =21) completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at 7 T. Grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) maps were used as features in a mCCA + jICA model. Results of the mCCA + jICA model indicated three joint group-discriminating components (GM-CSF, WM-ALFF, GM-ALFF) and two modality-unique group-discriminating components (GM, WM). The joint component findings are highlighted by GM basal ganglia, somatosensory, parietal lobe, and thalamus abnormalities associated with ventricular CSF volume; WM occipital and frontal lobe abnormalities associated with temporal lobe function; and GM frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobe abnormalities associated with caudate function. These results support and extend major findings throughout the literature using independent single modality analyses. The multimodal fusion of 7 T data in this study provides a more comprehensive illustration of the relationships between underlying neuronal abnormalities associated with schizophrenia than examination of imaging data independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Lottman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meredith A Reid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Fabio Catao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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72
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Widmayer S, Sowislo JF, Jungfer HA, Borgwardt S, Lang UE, Stieglitz RD, Huber CG. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Aggression in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Effect Size Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 29930519 PMCID: PMC6000417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aggression in psychoses is of high clinical importance, and volumetric MRI techniques have been used to explore its structural brain correlates. Methods: We conducted a systematic review searching EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO through September 2017 using thesauri representing aggression, psychosis, and brain imaging. We calculated effect sizes for each study and mean Hedge's g for whole brain (WB) volume. Methodological quality was established using the PRISMA checklist (PROSPERO: CRD42014014461). Results: Our sample consisted of 12 studies with 470 patients and 155 healthy controls (HC). After subtracting subjects due to cohort overlaps, 314 patients and 96 HC remained. Qualitative analyses showed lower volumes of WB, prefrontal regions, temporal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum, and higher volumes of lateral ventricles, amygdala, and putamen in violent vs. non-violent people with schizophrenia. In quantitative analyses, violent persons with schizophrenia exhibited a significantly lower WB volume than HC (p = 0.004), and also lower than non-violent persons with schizophrenia (p = 0.007). Conclusions: We reviewed evidence for differences in brain volume correlates of aggression in persons with schizophrenia. Our results point toward a reduced whole brain volume in violent as opposed to non-violent persons with schizophrenia. However, considerable sample overlap in the literature, lack of reporting of potential confounding variables, and missing research on affective psychoses limit our explanatory power. To permit stronger conclusions, further studies evaluating structural correlates of aggression in psychotic disorders are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Widmayer
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia F Sowislo
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann A Jungfer
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Asklepios Klinik Nord-Ochsenzoll, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf D Stieglitz
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Huber
- Erwachsenen-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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73
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Cuesta MJ, Lecumberri P, Cabada T, Moreno-Izco L, Ribeiro M, López-Ilundain JM, Peralta V, Lorente-Omeñaca R, Sánchez-Torres AM, Gómez M. Basal ganglia and ventricle volume in first-episode psychosis. A family and clinical study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:90-96. [PMID: 28963912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) exhibit considerable heterogeneity in subcortical brain volumes. We sought to compare ventricle and basal ganglia volumes in FEP patients (n = 50) with those in unaffected relatives (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 24). Participants were assessed with a semistructured interview and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients had significantly larger left lateral, right lateral and third ventricle volumes than their siblings and larger third ventricle volumes than controls. Additionally, they showed a trend toward significance by having larger right caudate nuclei than controls. Moreover, FEP patients showed lower caudate and putamen laterality indexes (leftward shifts) than healthy controls but not regarding their siblings. Besides, negative dimension was directly associated with lateral and third ventricle volumes and positive dimension with thalamus and ventral diencephalon nuclei. Our findings added evidence to the associations between early enlargement of brain ventricles and negative symptoms, and between early enlargement of thalamic and ventral-diencephalon nuclei and positive symptoms. Moreover, the cumulative exposition to antipsychotics in FEP patients might be related to enlargement of certain subcortical structures, such as the right nucleus accumbens and third ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Lecumberri
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Cabada
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Neuroradiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucia Moreno-Izco
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M López-Ilundain
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Peralta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lorente-Omeñaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marisol Gómez
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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74
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The effect of duration of illness and antipsychotics on subcortical volumes in schizophrenia: Analysis of 778 subjects. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:563-569. [PMID: 29201642 PMCID: PMC5702875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The effect of duration of illness and antipsychotic medication on the volumes of subcortical structures in schizophrenia is inconsistent among previous reports. We implemented a large sample analysis utilizing clinical data from 11 institutions in a previous meta-analysis. Methods Imaging and clinical data of 778 schizophrenia subjects were taken from a prospective meta-analysis conducted by the COCORO consortium in Japan. The effect of duration of illness and daily dose and type of antipsychotics were assessed using the linear mixed effect model where the volumes of subcortical structures computed by FreeSurfer were used as a dependent variable and age, sex, duration of illness, daily dose of antipsychotics and intracranial volume were used as independent variables, and the type of protocol was incorporated as a random effect for intercept. The statistical significance of fixed-effect of dependent variable was assessed. Results Daily dose of antipsychotics was positively associated with left globus pallidus volume and negatively associated with right hippocampus. It was also positively associated with laterality index of globus pallidus. Duration of illness was positively associated with bilateral globus pallidus volumes. Type of antipsychotics did not have any effect on the subcortical volumes. Discussion A large sample size, uniform data collection methodology and robust statistical analysis are strengths of the current study. This result suggests that we need special attention to discuss about relationship between subcortical regional brain volumes and pathophysiology of schizophrenia because regional brain volumes may be affected by antipsychotic medication. The imaging data as well as prescription data and demographics from 778 patients with schizophrenia from 11 institutions were included. The effect of protocol was cooperated as random-effect in the linear mixed-effect model. Significant positive association were found between daily dose of antipsychotics and left globus pallidus volume. Significant negative association was found between daily dose of antipsychotics and right hippocampus volume. Significant positive associations were found between duration of illness and bilateral volumes of globus pallidus.
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75
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Combining aerobic exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve brain function in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:11-20. [PMID: 28951250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of various psychiatric and neurological disorders may be partially attributable to impairments in neuroplasticity. Developing novel methods of stimulating neuroplasticity is a promising treatment approach to counterbalance these maladaptive influences and alleviate symptomologies. Two non-pharmacological approaches with significant and direct impacts on neuroplasticity are aerobic exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Aerobic exercise is associated with the promotion of numerous neurotrophic mechanisms at a molecular and cellular level, which have a broad influence on neuroplasticity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation with the capacity to modulate the synaptic efficacy and connectivity of particular brain networks. This review synthesises extant literature to explore the complementary physiological mechanisms targeted by aerobic exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and to substantiate the hypothesis that the use of these techniques in tandem may result in synergistic impact on neural mechanisms to achieve a more efficacious therapeutic approach for mental disorders.
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76
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Emsley R, Asmal L, du Plessis S, Chiliza B, Phahladira L, Kilian S. Brain volume changes over the first year of treatment in schizophrenia: relationships to antipsychotic treatment. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2187-2196. [PMID: 28347393 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive brain volume reductions have been described in schizophrenia, and an association with antipsychotic exposure has been reported. METHODS We compared percentage changes in grey and white matter volume from baseline to month 12 in 23 previously antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder who were treated with the lowest effective dose of flupenthixol decanoate depot formulation, with 53 matched healthy individuals. Total antipsychotic dose was precisely calculated and its relationship with brain volume changes investigated. Relationships between volumetric changes and treatment were further investigated in terms of treatment response (changes in psychopathology and functionality) and treatment-related adverse-events (extrapyramidal symptoms and weight gain). RESULTS Excessive cortical volume reductions were observed in patients [-4.6 (6.6)%] v. controls [-1.12 (4.0)%] (p = 0.009), with no significant group differences for changes in subcortical grey matter and white matter volumes. In a multiple regression model, the only significant predictor of cortical volume change was total antipsychotic dose received (p = 0.04). Cortical volume change was not significantly associated with the changes in psychopathology, functionality, extrapyramidal symptoms and body mass index or age, gender and duration of untreated psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Brain volume reductions associated with antipsychotic treatment are not restricted to poor outcome patients and occur even with the lowest effective dose of antipsychotic. The lack of an association with poor treatment response or treatment-related adverse effects counts against cortical volume reductions reflecting neurotoxicity, at least in the short term. On the other hand, the volume reductions were not linked to the therapeutic benefits of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
| | - S du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
| | - B Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
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Differential Cortical Gray Matter Deficits in Adolescent- and Adult-Onset First-Episode Treatment-Naïve Patients with Schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10267. [PMID: 28860557 PMCID: PMC5579015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore age-variant trait differences of cortical gray matter volume (GMV) in a unique sample of first-episode and treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia. A total of 158 subjects, including 26 adolescent-onset patients and 49 adult-onset patients as well as 83 age- and gender-matched controls were scanned using a 3T MRI scanner. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) following Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) was used to explore group differences between patients and controls in regional GMV. We found that patients with schizophrenia had decreased GMV in the left parietal postcentral region that extended to the left frontal regions, the right middle temporal gyrus, the occipital lobe and the right cerebellum posterior pyramis. Further analysis showed a distinct pattern of gray matter alterations in adolescent-onset patients compared with both healthy controls and adult-onset patients. Relative to healthy controls, adolescent-onset patients showed GMV alterations in the left parietal postcentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and right cerebellum posterior pyramis, while GMV deficits in adult-onset patients were focused on the cingulo-fronto-temporal module and right occipital regions. Our study identified differential cortical gray matter deficits between adolescent- and adulthood-onset patients with schizophrenia, which suggests that the cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely adjusted by the developmental community structure of the human brain.
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78
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Lui S, Zhou XJ, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Psychoradiology: The Frontier of Neuroimaging in Psychiatry. Radiology 2017; 281:357-372. [PMID: 27755933 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike neurologic conditions, such as brain tumors, dementia, and stroke, the neural mechanisms for all psychiatric disorders remain unclear. A large body of research obtained with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging has demonstrated regional and illness-specific brain changes at the onset of psychiatric disorders and in individuals at risk for such disorders. Many studies have shown that psychiatric medications induce specific measurable changes in brain anatomy and function that are related to clinical outcomes. As a result, a new field of radiology, termed psychoradiology, seems primed to play a major clinical role in guiding diagnostic and treatment planning decisions in patients with psychiatric disorders. This article will present the state of the art in this area, as well as perspectives regarding preparations in the field of radiology for its evolution. Furthermore, this article will (a) give an overview of the imaging and analysis methods for psychoradiology; (b) review the most robust and important radiologic findings and their potential clinical value from studies of major psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia; and (c) describe the main challenges and future directions in this field. An ongoing and iterative process of developing biologically based nomenclatures with which to delineate psychiatric disorders and translational research to predict and track response to different therapeutic drugs is laying the foundation for a shift in diagnostic practice in psychiatry from a psychologic symptom-based approach to an imaging-based approach over the next generation. This shift will require considerable innovations for the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of brain images, all of which will undoubtedly require the active involvement of radiologists. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lui
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
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79
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Ganella EP, Bartholomeusz CF, Seguin C, Whittle S, Bousman C, Phassouliotis C, Everall I, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. Functional brain networks in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 184:73-81. [PMID: 28011131 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to 20% of individuals with schizophrenia show minimal or no response to medication and are considered to have 'treatment-resistant' schizophrenia (TRS). Unlike early and established schizophrenia, few studies have investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in TRS. Here, we test for disruptions in FC and altered efficiency of functional brain networks in a well-characterized cohort of TRS patients. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate functional brain networks in 42 TRS participants prescribed clozapine (30 males, mean age=41.3(10)) and 42 healthy controls (24 males, mean age=38.4(10)). Graph analysis was used to characterize between-group differences in local and global efficiency of functional brain network organization as well as the strength of FC. RESULTS Global brain FC was reduced in TRS patients (p=0.0001). Relative to controls, 3.4% of all functional connections showed reduced strength in TRS (p<0.001), predominantly involving fronto-temporal, fronto-occipital and temporo-occipital connections. Global efficiency was reduced in TRS (p=0.0015), whereas local efficiency was increased (p=0.0042). CONCLUSIONS TRS is associated with widespread reductions in rs-FC and altered network topology. Increased local functional network efficiency coupled with decreased global efficiency suggests that hub-to-hub connections are preferentially affected in TRS. These findings further our understanding of the neurobiological impairments in TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Ganella
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caio Seguin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Hawthorne, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Phassouliotis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Everall
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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80
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Neuroadaptations to antipsychotic drugs: Insights from pre-clinical and human post-mortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:317-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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81
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Dietsche B, Kircher T, Falkenberg I. Structural brain changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness: A selective review of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:500-508. [PMID: 28415873 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417699473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder accompanied by aberrant structural brain connectivity. The question whether schizophrenia is a progressive brain disorder is yet to be resolved. Thus, it is not clear when these structural alterations occur and how they develop over time. METHODS In our selective review, we summarized recent findings from longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating structural brain alterations and its impact on clinical outcome at different stages of the illness: (1) subjects at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis, (2) patients with a first episode psychosis, and (3) chronically ill patients. Moreover, we reviewed studies examining the longitudinal effects of medication on brain structure in patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS (1) Studies from pre-clinical stages to conversion showed a more pronounced cortical gray matter loss (i.e. superior temporal and inferior frontal regions) in those individuals who later made transition to psychosis. (2) Studies investigating patients with a first episode psychosis revealed a decline in multiple gray matter regions (i.e. frontal regions and thalamus) over time as well as progressive cortical thinning in the superior and inferior frontal cortex. (3) Studies focusing on patients with chronic schizophrenia showed that gray matter decreased to a greater extent (i.e. frontal and temporal areas, thalamus, and cingulate cortices)-especially in poor-outcome patients. Very few studies reported effects on white matter microstructure in the longitudinal course of the illness. CONCLUSION There is adequate evidence to suggest that schizophrenia is associated with progressive gray matter abnormalities particularly during the initial stages of illness. However, causal relationships between structural changes and illness course-especially in chronically ill patients-should be interpreted with caution. Findings might be confounded by longer periods of treatment and higher doses of antipsychotics or epiphenomena related to the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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82
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Altamura AC, Delvecchio G, Paletta S, Di Pace C, Reggiori A, Fiorentini A, Mirabile MD, Paoli RA, Cinnante C, Triulzi F, Mauri MC, Brambilla P. Gray matter volumes may predict the clinical response to paliperidone palmitate long-acting in acute psychosis: A pilot longitudinal neuroimaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:80-84. [PMID: 28161644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, paliperidone palmitate (PP) long acting injectable (LAI) has been reported to sustain plasma concentrations and improve clinical symptoms. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated the important role of total gray matter (GM) volumes in predicting the clinical outcome. However, no studies investigating the association between PP-LAI treatment and brain morphometry has been published so far. Therefore, the main aim of our 24 weeks prospective observational exploratory study was to investigate the relation between brain anatomy and clinical outcome in seven patients with acute psychosis treated with PP-LAI. At baseline and every month (from T0 to T6) patients were clinically evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging at baseline was acquired and total GM and intracranial volumes were extracted to explore their predictive values on BPRS scores. After 24 weeks of treatment with PP-LAI, patients showed statistically significant improvements in BPRS scores. Moreover, subjects with higher total GM volumes had a significantly higher BPRS improvement at 24 weeks compared to patients with lower total GM volumes. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of PP-LAI in treating acute psychosis and suggest that greater GM volumes predict drug response, potentially supporting a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Paletta
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pace
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Reggiori
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Fiorentini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Donatella Mirabile
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo A Paoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo C Mauri
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA.
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83
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Huhtaniska S, Jääskeläinen E, Hirvonen N, Remes J, Murray GK, Veijola J, Isohanni M, Miettunen J. Long-term antipsychotic use and brain changes in schizophrenia - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol 2017; 32. [PMID: 28370309 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between long-term antipsychotic treatment and changes in brain structure in schizophrenia is unclear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis on long-term antipsychotic effects on brain structures in schizophrenia focusing on studies with at least 2 years of follow-up between MRI scans. DESIGN Studies were systematically collected using 4 databases, and we also contacted authors for unpublished data. We calculated correlations between antipsychotic dose and/or type and brain volumetric changes and used random effect meta-analysis to study correlations by brain area. RESULTS Thirty-one publications from 16 samples fulfilled our inclusion criteria. In meta-analysis, higher antipsychotic exposure associated statistically significantly with parietal lobe decrease (studies, n = 4; r = -.14, p = .013) and with basal ganglia increase (n = 4; r = .10, p = .044). Most of the reported correlations in the original studies were statistically nonsignificant. There were no clear differences between typical and atypical exposure and brain volume change. The studies were often small and highly heterogeneous in their methods and seldom focused on antipsychotic medication and brain changes as the main subject. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotic medication may associate with brain structure changes. More long-term follow-up studies taking into account illness severity measures are needed to make definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Huhtaniska
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noora Hirvonen
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Remes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juha Veijola
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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84
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Jørgensen KN, Nesvåg R, Nerland S, Mørch-Johnsen L, Westlye LT, Lange EH, Haukvik UK, Hartberg CB, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Agartz I. Brain volume change in first-episode psychosis: an effect of antipsychotic medication independent of BMI change. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:117-126. [PMID: 27925164 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of antipsychotic medication on brain structure remains unclear. Given the prevalence of weight gain as a side-effect, body mass index (BMI) change could be a confounder. METHOD Patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 119) underwent two 1.5T MRI scans with a 1-year follow-up interval. siena (fsl 5.0) was used to measure whole-brain volume change. Weight and height were measured at both time points. Antipsychotic medication use at baseline and follow-up was converted into chlorpromazine equivalent dose and averaged. RESULTS Patients did not show significantly larger brain volume loss compared with healthy controls. In the whole sample (n = 197), BMI change was negatively associated with brain volume change (β = -0.19, P = 0.008); there was no interaction effect of group. Among patients, higher antipsychotic medication dosage was associated with greater brain volume loss (β = -0.45, P < 0.001). This association was not affected by adjusting for BMI change. CONCLUSION Weight gain was related to brain volume reductions to a similar degree among patients and controls. Antipsychotic dosage-related reductions of brain volume were not confounded by BMI change. Generalizability to contexts involving severe weight gain needs to be established. Furthermore, disentangling effects of medication from illness severity remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Nesvåg
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Mørch-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E H Lange
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C B Hartberg
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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85
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Takahashi M, Matsui M, Nakashima M, Takahashi T, Suzuki M. Callosal size in first-episode schizophrenia patients with illness duration of less than one year: A cross-sectional MRI study. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 25:197-202. [PMID: 28262149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a reduction in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) on the mid-sagittal plane in patients with schizophrenia. However, findings for the size of the callosal area in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESz) are inconsistent. A possibility for these conflicting results is that the duration of illness in patients with FESz affects the CC size. The present study investigated the CC size abnormalities in patients with FESz. Forty-six patients with FESz whose duration of illness was less than 1year and 46 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched healthy controls were recruited to examine the CC size using magnetic resonance imaging. We measured the area of the CC using the Witelson's scheme, which divided the whole area into seven subdivisions. Analysis of covariance indicated there was no difference in the whole or regional areas of the CC between patients with FESz and healthy controls. The rostrum of the CC was significantly correlated with the total score for negative symptoms and some of the subtotal scores. Our findings indicate that there was no reduction in the whole or regional area of the CC among patients with FESz. When comparing the callosal morphology and symptoms, negative symptoms increased in severity as the rostrum area of the CC decreased in size. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the size of the anterior CC is associated with the pathology observed in the early stages of FESz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Takahashi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Mie Matsui
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan; Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
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86
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Frissen A, van Os J, Lieverse R, Habets P, Gronenschild E, Marcelis M. No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0166651. [PMID: 28045900 PMCID: PMC5207533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in psychotic disorder, may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impacting cortical thickness (CT). Therefore, the current study examined whether the association between group as a proxy genetic variable (patients with psychotic disorder [high genetic risk], healthy siblings of patients [intermediate risk] and healthy control subjects [average risk]) and CT was conditional on different levels of the childhood urban environment and whether this was sex-dependent. Methods T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 patients with a psychotic disorder, 95 non-psychotic siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 87 healthy control subjects. Freesurfer software was used to measure CT. Developmental urban exposure was classified as low, medium, and high, reflecting the population density and the number of moves between birth and the 15th birthday, using data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and the equivalent database in Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the association between group, sex, and urban upbringing (as well as their interactions) and cortical CT as the dependent variable. Results CT was significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls (B = -0.043, p <0.001), but not in the siblings compared to the controls (B = -0.013, p = 0.31). There was no main effect of developmental urbanicity on CT (B = 0.001, p = 0.91). Neither the three-way group × urbanicity × sex interaction (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.16), nor the two-way group × urbanicity interaction was significant (χ2 = 0.51, p = 0.77). Conclusion The negative association between (familial risk for) psychotic disorder and CT was not moderated by developmental urbanicity, suggesting that reduced CT is not the outcome of familial sensitivity to the proxy environmental factor ‘urban upbringing’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleida Frissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ritsaert Lieverse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Habets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Gronenschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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87
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Landin-Romero R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Kumfor F, Moreno-Alcázar A, Madre M, Maristany T, Pomarol-Clotet E, Amann BL. Surface-based brain morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging in schizoaffective disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:42-54. [PMID: 26883570 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416631827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profile of grey matter abnormalities and related white-matter pathology in schizoaffective disorder has only been studied to a limited extent. The aim of this study was to identify grey- and white-matter abnormalities in patients with schizoaffective disorder using complementary structural imaging techniques. METHODS Forty-five patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition criteria and Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizoaffective disorder and 45 matched healthy controls underwent structural-T1 and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to enable surface-based brain morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analyses. Analyses were conducted to determine group differences in cortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area, as well as in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. RESULTS At a threshold of p = 0.05 corrected, all measures revealed significant differences between patients and controls at the group level. Spatial overlap of abnormalities was observed across the various structural neuroimaging measures. In grey matter, patients with schizoaffective disorder showed abnormalities in the frontal and temporal lobes, striatum, fusiform, cuneus, precuneus, lingual and limbic regions. White-matter abnormalities were identified in tracts connecting these areas, including the corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, anterior thalamic radiation, uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle. CONCLUSION The spatial overlap of abnormalities across the different imaging techniques suggests widespread and consistent brain pathology in schizoaffective disorder. The abnormalities were mainly detected in areas that have commonly been reported to be abnormal in schizophrenia, and to some extent in bipolar disorder, which may explain the clinical and aetiological overlap in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Landin-Romero
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,3 Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,5 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Kumfor
- 3 Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,5 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Madre
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,6 Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Doctorat de Psiquiatria i Psicologia Clínica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,7 Benito Menni CASM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Teresa Maristany
- 8 Department of Radiology, Hospital San Juan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedikt L Amann
- 1 FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Olanzapine modulation of long- and short-range functional connectivity in the resting brain in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:48-58. [PMID: 27887859 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Treatment effects of antipsychotic drugs on cerebral function are seldom examined. Exploring functional connectivity (FC) in drug-free schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment can improve the understanding of antipsychotic drug mechanisms. A total of 17 drug-free patients with recurrent schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Long- and short-range FC strengths (FCS) were calculated for each participant. Compared with the controls, the patients at baseline exhibited increased long-range positive FCS (lpFCS) in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and decreased lpFCS in the brain regions of the default-mode network (DMN) regions and sensorimotor circuits of the brain. By contrast, increased short-range positive FCS was observed in the right IPL of the patients at baseline compared with the controls. After treatment with olanzapine, increased FC in the DMN and sensorimotor circuits of the brain was noted, whereas decreased FC was observed in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG). Moreover, the alterations of the FCS values and the reductions in symptom severity among the patients after treatment were correlated. The present study provides evidence that olanzapine normalizes the abnormalities of long- and short-range FCs in schizophrenia. FC reductions in the right IPL may be associated with early treatment response, whereas those in the left STG may be related to poor treatment outcome.
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Neuroprotection after a first episode of mania: a randomized controlled maintenance trial comparing the effects of lithium and quetiapine on grey and white matter volume. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1011. [PMID: 28117843 PMCID: PMC5545739 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium and quetiapine are effective treatments for bipolar disorder, but their potential neuroprotective effects in humans remain unclear. A single blinded equivalence randomized controlled maintenance trial was conducted in a prospective cohort of first-episode mania (FEM) patients (n=26) to longitudinally compare the putative protective effects of lithium and quetapine on grey and white matter volume. A healthy control sample was also collected (n=20). Using structural MRI scans, voxel-wise grey and white matter volumes at baseline and changes over time in response to treatment were investigated. Patients were assessed at three time points (baseline, 3 and 12-month follow-up), whereas healthy controls were assessed at two time points (baseline and 12-month follow-up). Patients were randomized to lithium (serum level 0.6 mmol l-1, n=20) or quetiapine (flexibly dosed up to 800 mg per day, n=19) monotherapy. At baseline, compared with healthy control subjects, patients with FEM showed reduced grey matter in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus and cerebellum. In addition, patients had reduced internal capsule white matter volume bilaterally (t1,66>3.20, P<0.01). Longitudinally, there was a significant treatment × time effect only in the white matter of the left internal capsule (F2,112=8.54, P<0.01). Post hoc testing showed that, compared with baseline, lithium was more effective than quetiapine in slowing the progression of white matter volume reduction after 12 months (t1,24=3.76, P<0.01). Our data support the role of lithium but not quetiapine therapy in limiting white matter reduction early in the illness course after FEM.
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90
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Cortical grey matter volume reduction in people with schizophrenia is associated with neuro-inflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e982. [PMID: 27959331 PMCID: PMC5290336 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical grey matter volume deficits and neuro-inflammation exist in patients with schizophrenia, although it is not clear whether elevated cytokines contribute to the cortical volume reduction. We quantified cortical and regional brain volumes in fixed postmortem brains from people with schizophrenia and matched controls using stereology. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and SERPINA3 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were quantified in the contralateral fresh frozen orbitofrontal cortex. We found a small, but significant reduction in cortical grey matter (1.3%; F(1,85)=4.478, P=0.037) and superior frontal gyrus (6.5%; F(1,80)=5.700, P=0.019) volumes in individuals with schizophrenia compared with controls. Significantly reduced cortical grey matter (9.2%; F(1,24)=8.272, P=0.008) and superior frontal gyrus (13.9%; F(1,20)=5.374, P=0.031) volumes were found in cases with schizophrenia and 'high inflammation' status relative to schizophrenia cases with 'low inflammation' status in the prefrontal cortex. The expression of inflammatory mRNAs in the orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with those in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (all r>0.417, all P<0.022), except for IL-8. Moreover, average daily and lifetime antipsychotic intake negatively correlated with cortical grey matter and superior frontal gyrus volumes (all r<-0.362, all P<0.05). The results suggest that the reduction in cortical grey matter volume in people with schizophrenia is exaggerated in those who have high expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further, antipsychotic medication intake does not appear to ameliorate the reduction in brain volume.
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91
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Abramovic L, Boks MPM, Vreeker A, Bouter DC, Kruiper C, Verkooijen S, van Bergen AH, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, van Haren NEM. The association of antipsychotic medication and lithium with brain measures in patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1741-1751. [PMID: 27665062 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.09.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that brain structure is abnormal in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium intake appears to ׳normalise׳ global and local brain volumes, but effects of antipsychotic medication on brain volume or cortical thickness are less clear. Here, we aim to disentangle disease-specific brain deviations from those induced by antipsychotic medication and lithium intake using a large homogeneous sample of patients with bipolar disorder type I. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 266 patients and 171 control subjects. Subcortical volumes and global and focal cortical measures (volume, thickness, and surface area) were compared between patients and controls. In patients, the association between lithium and antipsychotic medication intake and global, subcortical and cortical measures was investigated. Patients showed significantly larger lateral and third ventricles, smaller total brain, caudate nucleus, and pallidum volumes and thinner cortex in some small clusters in frontal, parietal and cingulate regions as compared with controls. Lithium-free patients had significantly smaller total brain, thalamus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus and accumbens volumes compared to patients on lithium. In patients, use of antipsychotic medication was related to larger third ventricle and smaller hippocampus and supramarginal cortex volume. Patients with bipolar disorder show abnormalities in total brain, subcortical, and ventricle volume, particularly in the nucleus caudate and pallidum. Abnormalities in cortical thickness were scattered and clusters were relatively small. Lithium-free patients showed more pronounced abnormalities as compared with those on lithium. The associations between antipsychotic medication and brain volume are subtle and less pronounced than those of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel Vreeker
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diandra C Bouter
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlyn Kruiper
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Verkooijen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annet H van Bergen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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92
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Murray RM, Quattrone D, Natesan S, van Os J, Nordentoft M, Howes O, Di Forti M, Taylor D. Should psychiatrists be more cautious about the long-term prophylactic use of antipsychotics? Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:361-365. [PMID: 27802977 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients who recover from an acute episode of psychosis are frequently prescribed prophylactic antipsychotics for many years, especially if they are diagnosed as having schizophrenia. However, there is a dearth of evidence concerning the long-term effectiveness of this practice, and growing concern over the cumulative effects of antipsychotics on physical health and brain structure. Although controversy remains concerning some of the data, the wise psychiatrist should regularly review the benefit to each patient of continuing prophylactic antipsychotics against the risk of side-effects and loss of effectiveness through the development of supersensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptor. Psychiatrists should work with their patients to slowly reduce the antipsychotic to the lowest dose that prevents the return of distressing symptoms. Up to 40% of those whose psychosis remits after a first episode should be able to achieve a good outcome in the long term either with no antipsychotic medication or with a very low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Murray
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jim van Os
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David Taylor
- Robin M. Murray, FRS, FRCPsych, Diego Quattrone, MD, Sridhar Natesan, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London. UK; Jim van Os, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Merete Nordentoft, PhD, Mental Health Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Oliver Howes, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Marta Di Forti, PhD, MRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; David Taylor, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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93
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Okada N, Fukunaga M, Yamashita F, Koshiyama D, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Watanabe Y, Yahata N, Nemoto K, Hibar DP, van Erp TGM, Fujino H, Isobe M, Isomura S, Natsubori T, Narita H, Hashimoto N, Miyata J, Koike S, Takahashi T, Yamasue H, Matsuo K, Onitsuka T, Iidaka T, Kawasaki Y, Yoshimura R, Watanabe Y, Suzuki M, Turner JA, Takeda M, Thompson PM, Ozaki N, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1460-6. [PMID: 26782053 PMCID: PMC5030462 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical structures, which include the basal ganglia and parts of the limbic system, have key roles in learning, motor control and emotion, but also contribute to higher-order executive functions. Prior studies have reported volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. Reported results have sometimes been heterogeneous, and few large-scale investigations have been conducted. Moreover, few large-scale studies have assessed asymmetries of subcortical volumes in schizophrenia. Here, as a work completely independent of a study performed by the ENIGMA consortium, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We also explored the laterality of subcortical regions to identify characteristic similarities and differences between them. T1-weighted images from 1680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia, obtained with 15 imaging protocols at 11 sites, were processed with FreeSurfer. Group differences were calculated for each protocol and meta-analyzed. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens volumes as well as intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes. We replicated the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium. Further, we revealed leftward asymmetry for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala and hippocampal volumes in both controls and patients with schizophrenia. Also, we demonstrated a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume. These findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - F Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - D Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Fujino
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Isomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Natsubori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - H Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Iidaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - R Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - J A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - N Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - COCORO
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Schuetze M, Park MTM, Cho IYK, MacMaster FP, Chakravarty MM, Bray SL. Morphological Alterations in the Thalamus, Striatum, and Pallidum in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2627-37. [PMID: 27125303 PMCID: PMC5026732 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive, motor, and emotional symptoms. The thalamus and basal ganglia form circuits with the cortex supporting all three of these behavioral domains. Abnormalities in the structure of subcortical regions may suggest atypical development of these networks, with implications for understanding the neural basis of ASD symptoms. Findings from previous volumetric studies have been inconsistent. Here, using advanced surface-based methodology, we investigated localized differences in shape and surface area in the basal ganglia and thalamus in ASD, using T1-weighted anatomical images from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (373 male participants aged 7-35 years with ASD and 384 typically developing). We modeled effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction on volume, shape, and surface area. In participants with ASD, we found expanded surface area in the right posterior thalamus corresponding to the pulvinar nucleus, and a more concave shape in the left mediodorsal nucleus. The shape of both caudal putamen and pallidum showed a relatively steeper increase in concavity with age in ASD. Within ASD participants, restricted, repetitive behaviors were positively associated with surface area in bilateral globus pallidus. We found no differences in overall volume, suggesting that surface-based approaches have greater sensitivity to detect localized differences in subcortical structure. This work adds to a growing body of literature implicating corticobasal ganglia-thalamic circuits in the pathophysiology of ASD. These circuits subserve a range of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions, and may have a broad role in the complex symptom profile in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schuetze
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, c/o Glenda Maru, 4th Floor, C4-100-07, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8, Tel: +1 403 955 2966, Fax: +1 403 955 2772, E-mail:
| | - Min Tae M Park
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ivy YK Cho
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada,Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Signe L Bray
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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95
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Tseng HH, Roiser JP, Modinos G, Falkenberg I, Samson C, McGuire P, Allen P. Corticolimbic dysfunction during facial and prosodic emotional recognition in first-episode psychosis patients and individuals at ultra-high risk. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:645-654. [PMID: 27747152 PMCID: PMC5053033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Emotional processing dysfunction is widely reported in patients with chronic schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis (FEP), and has been linked to functional abnormalities of corticolimbic regions. However, corticolimbic dysfunction is less studied in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), particularly during processing prosodic voices. We examined corticolimbic response during an emotion recognition task in 18 UHR participants and compared them with 18 FEP patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). Emotional recognition accuracy and corticolimbic response were measured during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using emotional dynamic facial and prosodic voice stimuli. Relative to HC, both UHR and FEP groups showed impaired overall emotion recognition accuracy. Whilst during face trials, both UHR and FEP groups did not show significant differences in brain activation relative to HC, during voice trials, FEP patients showed reduced activation across corticolimbic networks including the amygdala. UHR participants showed a trend for increased response in the caudate nucleus during the processing of emotionally valenced prosodic voices relative to HC. The results indicate that corticolimbic dysfunction seen in FEP patients is also present, albeit to a lesser extent, in an UHR cohort, and may represent a neural substrate for emotional processing difficulties prior to the onset of florid psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan P. Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carly Samson
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Allen
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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96
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De Rossi P, Chiapponi C, Spalletta G. Brain Functional Effects of Psychopharmacological Treatments in Schizophrenia: A Network-based Functional Perspective Beyond Neurotransmitter Systems. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:435-44. [PMID: 26412063 PMCID: PMC4790396 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150507223542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopharmacological treatments for schizophrenia have always been a matter of debate and a very important issue in public health given the chronic, relapsing and disabling nature of the disorder. A thorough understanding of the pros and cons of currently available pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia is critical to better capture the features of treatment-refractory clinical pictures and plan the developing of new treatment strategies. This review focuses on brain functional changes induced by antipsychotic drugs as assessed by modern functional neuroimaging techniques (i.e. fMRI, PET, SPECT, MRI spectroscopy). The most important papers on this topic are reviewed in order to draw an ideal map of the main functional changes occurring in the brain during antipsychotic treatment. This supports the hypothesis that a network-based perspective and a functional connectivity approach are needed to fill the currently existing gap of knowledge in the field of psychotropic drugs and their mechanisms of action beyond neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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97
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Jørgensen KN, Nesvåg R, Gunleiksrud S, Raballo A, Jönsson EG, Agartz I. First- and second-generation antipsychotic drug treatment and subcortical brain morphology in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:451-60. [PMID: 26547434 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic medication may influence brain structure, but to what extent effects of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) differ is still not clear. Here we aimed to disentangle the effects of FGA and SGA on variation in volumes of subcortical structures in patients with long-term treated schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 95 patients with schizophrenia and 106 healthy control subjects. Among the patients, 40 received only FGA and 42 received only SGA. FreeSurfer 5.3.0 was used to obtain volumes of 27 subcortical structures as well as total brain volume and estimated intracranial volume. Findings of reduced total brain volume, enlarged ventricular volume and reduced hippocampal volume bilaterally among patients were replicated, largely independent of medication class. In the basal ganglia, FGA users had larger putamen bilaterally and right caudate volume compared to healthy controls, and the right putamen was significantly larger than among SGA users. FGA and SGA users had similar and larger globus pallidus volumes compared to healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that the difference between FGA and SGA could be attributed to smaller volumes in the clozapine users specifically. We therefore conclude that basal ganglia volume enlargements are not specific to FGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil N Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway. .,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Gunleiksrud
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN Project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN Project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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98
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Kandola A, Hendrikse J, Lucassen PJ, Yücel M. Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:373. [PMID: 27524962 PMCID: PMC4965462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) has been widely praised for its potential benefits to cognition and overall brain and mental health. In particular, AE has a potent impact on promoting the function of the hippocampus and stimulating neuroplasticity. As the evidence-base rapidly builds, and given most of the supporting work can be readily translated from animal models to humans, the potential for AE to be applied as a therapeutic or adjunctive intervention for a range of human conditions appears ever more promising. Notably, many psychiatric and neurological disorders have been associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie the expression of certain symptoms common to these disorders, including (aspects of) cognitive dysfunction. Augmenting existing treatment approaches using AE based interventions may promote hippocampal function and alleviate cognitive deficits in various psychiatric disorders that currently remain untreated. Incorporating non-pharmacological interventions into clinical treatment may also have a number of other benefits to patient well being, such as limiting the risk of adverse side effects. This review incorporates both animal and human literature to comprehensively detail how AE is associated with cognitive enhancements and stimulates a cascade of neuroplastic mechanisms that support improvements in hippocampal functioning. Using the examples of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the utility and implementation of an AE intervention to the clinical domain will be proposed, aimed to reduce cognitive deficits in these, and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, MelbourneVIC, Australia; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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99
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Handley R, Mondelli V, Zelaya F, Marques T, Taylor H, Reinders AATS, Chaddock C, McQueen G, Hubbard K, Papadopoulos A, Williams S, McGuire P, Pariante C, Dazzan P. Effects of antipsychotics on cortisol, interleukin-6 and hippocampal perfusion in healthy volunteers. Schizophr Res 2016; 174:99-105. [PMID: 27112637 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This randomized within-subject, double blind study aimed to compare the effects of a single dose of two different antipsychotics (haloperidol and aripiprazole) on cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6 and hippocampal regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) in the same 17 healthy male individuals. Subjects received a single dose of haloperidol (3mg), aripiprazole (10mg) and placebo, in a randomized order on three study appointments. We measured salivary cortisol levels at multiple time points, IL-6 levels from plasma samples, and resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF), using a pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) sequence (1.5T). We found significantly lower cortisol levels in the haloperidol condition (F(2,32)=5.78, p=0.007), than in either placebo (p=0.013; CI=0.45, 0.406) or aripiprazole (p=0.037; CI=-0.520, -0.014). Interleukin-6 levels were also lower following haloperidol (F(2,22)=4.19, p=0.048) in comparison with placebo (p=0.02; CI=0.14, 1.8), but not with aripiprazole. Finally, we found a greater rCBF in the right (peak voxel: T=6.47, p<0.0001) and left (peak voxel T=5.17, p<0.01) hippocampus following haloperidol compared with placebo, and at trend level also in the left hippocampus following aripiprazole compared with placebo (T=4.07, p=0.057). These differences in hippocampal rCBF after both antipsychotics were no longer evident (haloperidol) or present at trend level (aripiprazole), after controlling for cortisol and IL-6 levels. Our findings suggest that haloperidol can directly regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune system through a pharmacological action via D2 receptor antagonism. Finally, our data suggest that the increased hippocampal rCBF is a manifestation of the reduction in IL-6 and cortisol which follows the administration of haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Handley
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK; Medical Science Manager at Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Ltd., UK.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK
| | - Tiago Marques
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Heather Taylor
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Antje A T S Reinders
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Christopher Chaddock
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Grant McQueen
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Hubbard
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steve Williams
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
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100
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Abstract
Identifying predictors and elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying onset of psychosis are critical for the development of targeted preemptive interventions. This article presents a selective review of findings on risk prediction algorithms and potential mechanisms of onset in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis, focusing principally on recent findings of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Multivariate models incorporating risk factors from clinical, demographic, neurocognitive, and psychosocial assessments achieve high levels of predictive accuracy when applied to individuals who meet criteria for a prodromal risk syndrome. An individualized risk calculator is available to scale the risk for newly ascertained cases, which could aid in clinical decision making. At risk individuals who convert to psychosis show elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as disrupted resting state thalamo-cortical functional connectivity at baseline, compared with those who do not. Further, converters show a steeper rate of gray matter reduction, most prominent in prefrontal cortex, that in turn is predicted by higher levels of inflammatory markers at baseline. Microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, have recently been discovered to influence synaptic plasticity in health and impair plasticity in disease. Processes that modulate microglial activation may represent convergent mechanisms that influence brain dysconnectivity and risk for onset of psychosis and thus may be targetable in developing and testing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone D. Cannon
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Yale University, PO Box 208205, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, US; tel: 203-436-1545, fax: 203-432-5281, e-mail:
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