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Guzmán EM, Cha CB, Ribeiro JD, Franklin JC. Suicide risk around the world: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:1459-1470. [PMID: 31485691 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) have been a persistent problem worldwide. Identifying risk factors for STBs across distinct areas of the world may help predict who or where requires the greatest attention. However, risk factors for STBs are infrequently explored cross-nationally. The present study examined whether psychopathology prospectively predicts STBs across different areas of the world, and whether certain country-level factors moderate the degree of risk conferred. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 71 longitudinal studies from 30 different countries that featured psychopathology-related variables predicting STB outcomes. Meta-regression was used to evaluate whether the following country-level factors modified risk: geographic region, income level, and degree of mental health structural stigma. RESULTS Over 90% of studies had been conducted in North America and Europe. When assessed by country income level, it was found that only one longitudinal study on psychopathology and STB was conducted outside of a high-income country. Moreover, less than 10% of studies were conducted in high structural stigma contexts. Meta-regression findings revealed that the variation in risk effect sizes across studies was not explained by models including country-level factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show critical underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries, which account for a large proportion of global suicide deaths. This reveals a need to broaden the scope of longitudinal research on STB risk, such that countries across more regions, income levels, and degrees of structural stigma are fully accounted for. Such lines of research will improve generalizability of findings, and more precisely inform prevention efforts worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Guzmán
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - C B Cha
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - J D Ribeiro
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahasee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - J C Franklin
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahasee, FL, 32306, USA
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Zhong Y, Xia L, Zhao TT, Zhang YL, Zhang YL, Li WZ, Hu YQ, Yao XH, Ungvari GS, Balbuena L, Liu HZ, Xiang YT. The Prevalence of Suicide Attempts and Independent Demographic and Clinical Correlates among Chronic Schizophrenia Patients in Agricultural Areas of China. Psychiatr Q 2019; 90:683-691. [PMID: 31102121 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts (SA) and independent demographic and clinical correlates in stabilized schizophrenia inpatients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three psychiatric hospitals in Anhui province, an agricultural province located in east China. Psychopathology and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), respectively. A total of 315 stable schizophrenia inpatients were interviewed prior to discharge. The lifetime prevalence of SA was 22.2%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (P < 0.001, OR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.9-6.0), being married (P = 0.02, OR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.1-4.4) and having more severe depressive symptoms (P = 0.014, OR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.01-1.3) were independently and significantly associated with higher risk of SA. Lifetime SA is common among hospitalized schizophrenia patients living in agricultural areas of China. For suicide prevention, regular assessments, appropriate interventions and clinical management should be integrated into a community-based psychiatric service model for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tong-Tong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ye-Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Li
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China.,Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Hu
- Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xian-Hu Yao
- MaAnshan Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- The University of Notre Dame Australia / Graylands Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Huan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. .,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 3/F, Building E12, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China.
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Robinson-Edwards S, Kewley S, Riley L, Fisher D. Examining prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/tc-01-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP). This paper explores the use of therapeutic interventions; specifically focussing on EAP, within this paper EAP constitutes the use of horses in therapy and involves a team approach from equine and mental health experts.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper took a qualitative approach; due to the exploratory nature of this study a phenomenological approach was adopted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was deemed appropriate; the intervention took place in an adult, male, open condition prison in England (Category D) however participants who engaged in the equine intervention were from both the open prison and a nearby closed Category C prison. The equine intervention was delivered by qualified therapists who worked to help improve emotional regulation among participants with a history of drug and alcohol abuse.
Findings
The findings within this paper identify a strong correlation between EAP and positive experiences expressed by participants. Alternative approaches such as animal assisted therapies are worthy of consideration when attempting to support the rehabilitation and treatment needs of incarcerated clients. Participants achieved a number of goals and their confidence improved as they felt a sense of achievement.
Research limitations/implications
This paper demonstrates the complexities of therapeutic interventions. Research relating to EAP in the UK is few and far between, consequently understanding is limited. This paper seeks to offer an insight into this topic and build upon this research in the future.
Practical implications
Access to prison for research purposes is challenging. Due to the nature of this study and the resources required sometimes EAP therapy cannot be implemented in or near many prisons in England and Wales. Therefore gaining access to this prison and exploring the data is the first phase of further research in this area.
Social implications
Researching the way individuals experience therapeutic interventions is a “growing phenomenon”. This paper aimed to explore EAP interventions, however due to the sample size it was imperative that the role of EAP was not misrepresented. Therefore this papers intention is to raise awareness of EAP interventions and therapeutic interventions in prisons in England and Wales.
Originality/value
To the authors knowledge no previous study has examined such an intervention using this method and as such the findings of this evaluation are important. Moreover this paper enhances and develops our knowledge about how best to support and treat people with histories of substance use and/or mental health problems and anxiety while in prison, and the vital role such therapies may play.
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Humphrey N. The lure of death: suicide and human evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0269. [PMID: 30012736 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At some point in evolutionary history, human beings came to understand, as no non-human animals do, that death brings to an end a person's bodily and mental presence in the world. A potentially devastating consequence was that individuals, seeking to escape physical or mental pain, might choose to kill themselves.This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals'.
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Wang W, Zhou DD, Ai M, Chen XR, Lv Z, Huang Y, Kuang L. Internet addiction and poor quality of life are significantly associated with suicidal ideation of senior high school students in Chongqing, China. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7357. [PMID: 31531265 PMCID: PMC6719746 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a vulnerable period of life, and many mental health and behavioral problems emerge during this particular period, including depression, internet addiction (IA), and suicidal behaviors. Poor quality of life (QOL) and IA have been found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese university students, of whom most have been adults. Nevertheless, their associations with SI are rarely studied among Chinese adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine these relationships in a representative adolescent sample of Chinese senior high school students, who are experiencing an enormous transition from childhood to adulthood. Methods By using multi-stage sampling, a total of 26,688 students were successfully recruited from 29 senior high schools of a very large City in western China, Chongqing municipality. In this cross-sectional online survey, students’ demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected with a standardized questionnaire. The Young’s IA Test, the Chinese Six-item QOL questionnaire, and item 15 of the Symptom Checklist-90-R were used to measure IA, QOL, and SI, respectively. Results The 1-month prevalence of SI was 11.5% among students of senior high schools in Chongqing, China. Students with SI had significantly higher QOL scores (17.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.7 ± 3.8, P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of IA (49.6% vs. 25.6%, P < 0.001) than those without SI. After controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates, IA (odd ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 0.003) and a high QOL score (OR = 1.09, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with SI. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is prevalent among Chinese adolescents and it is associated with IA and poor QOL. Measures aimed at reducing IA and improving QOL may help prevent suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Dong Zhou
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Rong Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- GCP office, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kachian ZR, Cohen-Zimerman S, Bega D, Gordon B, Grafman J. Suicidal ideation and behavior in Huntington's disease: Systematic review and recommendations. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:319-329. [PMID: 30875675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of suicide in Huntington's disease (HD) patients is well documented, with rates significantly higher than those of the general population as well as other neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite its prevalence, the magnitude of this phenomenon as well as its predictors and etiology are still poorly understood. METHODS We performed the first systematic review of all the studies published between March 1993 and December 2018 which investigated HD patients and gene carriers that reported suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or suicide as an outcome. RESULTS This review reveals that some aspects of suicidality in HD are more clearly understood than others. We confirm an increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide for HD patients. We found that suicidal ideation is elevated throughout the course of the disease, and that psychiatric comorbidities are common risk factors with depression being the most prominent. LIMITATIONS Important data are still largely missing, specifically regarding cognitive and neuroanatomical mechanisms and potential effective interventions. Moreover, inconsistencies in terminology, assessment tools, and outcome measures limit the comparability of the research and the conclusions that can be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide are higher among those with HD relative to the non-HD population. It is therefore important that suicidal thoughts and behaviors are closely monitored in HD clinics and that clinical trials use standardized scales. Future research should focus on better understanding the etiology of this high suicide risk and on testing the efficacy of potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Kachian
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Think+Speak lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shira Cohen-Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Think+Speak lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Danny Bega
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Think+Speak lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Genuchi MC. The Role of Masculinity and Depressive Symptoms in Predicting Suicidal Ideation in Homeless Men. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:289-311. [PMID: 29461153 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1428705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Men's suicide rates may be influenced by difficulties recognizing externalizing depressive symptoms in men that adhere to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of externalizing depressive symptoms, internalizing depressive symptoms, and hegemonic masculinity in predicting the existence and severity of suicidal ideation. Homeless men (n = 94) completed questionnaires at a resource center in the Rocky Mountain Western United States. Internalizing symptoms predicted the existence of suicidal ideation, and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms predicted increased severity of suicidal ideation. The masculine norms violence and playboy were correlated with men's suicidal ideation. An externalizing-internalizing model of predicting suicide in men and men's adherence to certain masculine gender role norms may be valuable to further efforts in suicide assessment and prevention.
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The tide does turn: Predictors of remission from suicidal ideation and attempt among Canadians who previously attempted suicide. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:313-321. [PMID: 30836277 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify factors that contribute to (1) remission from suicidal ideation, and (2) remission from suicide attempt, among Canadians with a lifetime history of suicide attempt. Data for this study came from Statistics Canada's nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. A sample of 769 adult respondents who had ever attempted suicide was analyzed with remission from past year suicidal ideation and remission from past year suicide attempt as outcome variables. Of the 769 respondents who had ever attempted suicide, more than two-thirds (69%) were free from suicidal ideation within the past year, and approximately 87% were free from suicide attempts within the past year. Compared to men, odds were 2.66 times greater for women to be free of suicide attempt and 2.65 times greater to be free of suicidal ideation in the past year. Older age, being free of sleep problems and major depressive episode, having no history of chronic childhood physical abuse, and having two or fewer previous suicide attempts were associated with higher odds of remission from both suicide attempt and ideation in the past year.
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Abstract
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Assess epidemiologic evidence that increased altitude of residence is linked to increased risk of depression and suicide• Evaluate strategies to address hypoxia-related depression and suicidal ideation ABSTRACT: Suicide and major depressive disorder (MDD) are complex conditions that almost certainly arise from the influences of many interrelated factors. There are significant regional variations in the rates of MDD and suicide in the United States, suggesting that sociodemographic and environmental conditions contribute. Here, we review epidemiological evidence that increases in the altitude of residence are linked to the increased risk of depression and suicide. We consider the possibility that chronic hypobaric hypoxia (low blood oxygen related to low atmospheric pressure) contributes to suicide and depression, which is suggested by animal models, short-term studies in humans, and the effects of hypoxic medical conditions on suicide and depression. We argue that hypobaric hypoxia could promote suicide and depression by altering serotonin metabolism and brain bioenergetics; both of these pathways are implicated in depression, and both are affected by hypoxia. Finally, we briefly examine treatment strategies to address hypoxia-related depression and suicidal ideation that are suggested by these findings, including creatine monohydrate and the serotonin precursors tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan.
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Wang M, Kou C, Bai W, Song Y, Liu X, Yu W, Li Y, Hua W, Li W. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among college students: A mental health survey in Jilin Province, China. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:166-173. [PMID: 30583141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of suicidal ideation plays a key role in reducing suicide rates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among college students in Jilin Province, China, and to analyse the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation. METHODS A total of 6284 valid data collection sheets were collected using the stratified cluster sampling method. The data collected were divided into four sections, namely, socio-demographic information, family and social interactions, daily habits, and mental health self-rating scales. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was 9.2%. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being a senior (OR = 1.769, 95%CI:1.225-2.555), general family relationships (OR = 1.641, 95%CI:1.172-2.298), frequent parental quarrels (OR = 1.398, 95%CI:1.027-1.902)/parental separation (OR = 2.497, 95%CI:1.414-4.408), the level of satisfaction with motherly love (OR = 2.261, 95%CI:1.454-3.515), having only one or two friend(s) (OR = 1.530, 95%CI:1.038-2.254), frequent excursions to bars/ karaoke halls/ song and dance halls (OR = 1.673, 95%CI:1.257-2.229) or billiard halls with friends (OR = 1.865, 95%CI:1.270-2.740), smoking (OR = 2.175, 95%CI:1.603-2.951), moderate sleep quality (OR = 1.636, 95%CI:1.115-2.402), and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.078, 95%CI: 1.710-2.525) were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Family factors had the most influence on suicidal ideation, whereas depression symptoms were identified to be a mediating factor between family, social interactions, or daily habits and suicidal ideation, and it only exerted direct effects. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot provide causal interpretations. CONCLUSION Our findings showed the prevalence of suicidal ideation among college students in Jilin province. Among all the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation, family factors should be the main concern in the prevention of suicidal ideation, and interventions that target depression symptoms are key to reducing suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Weiying Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wanqing Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Sun XH, Song MF, Song HD, Wang YW, Luo MJ, Yin LM. miR‑155 mediates inflammatory injury of hippocampal neuronal cells via the activation of microglia. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2627-2635. [PMID: 30720115 PMCID: PMC6423572 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-155 has a crucial role in various cellular functions, including differentiation of hematopoietic cells, immunization, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-155 in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess the cell viability and apoptosis of microglial cells, respectively. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to evaluate the associated protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The results revealed that miR-155 reduced the cell viability of BV-2 microglial cells, and miR-155 enhanced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 microglial cells. Furthermore, conditioned medium from miR-155-treated microglia decreased the cell viability of HT22 hippocampal cells. miR-155-treated microglia increased the apoptosis of neuronal hippocampal cells by modulating the expression levels of apoptosis regulator Bax, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, pro-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3. The cell cycle distribution was disrupted by miR-155-treated microglia through induction of S phase arrest. Furthermore, the overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 reversed the pro-apoptotic effect of activated microglia on hippocampal neuronal cells. In conclusion, the present results suggested that miR-155 mediated the inflammatory injury in hippocampal neuronal cells by activating the microglial cells. The potential effects of miR-155 on the activation of microglial cells suggest that miR-155 may be an effective target for TRD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Fen Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jin Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yin
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Abdelnaim MA, Langguth B, Deppe M, Mohonko A, Kreuzer PM, Poeppl TB, Hebel T, Schecklmann M. Anti-Suicidal Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Depressive Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Sample. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:929. [PMID: 31969842 PMCID: PMC6960193 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a major public health problem. About 90% of suicide victims have one or more major psychiatric disorder, with a reported 20-fold increased risk for suicide in patients with affective disorders in comparison with healthy subjects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been established as an effective alternative or adjunctive treatment option for patients with depressive disorders, but little is known about its effects on suicide risk. Objective: For the assessment of the effectiveness of rTMS on suicidal ideation and behaviors, we performed a retrospective analysis of a large sample of patients with depressive disorders, who were treated with rTMS. Methods: We analyzed the records of 711 TMS in- and out-patients with depressive affective disorders in a tertiary referral hospital between 2002 and 2017. Out of these patients we were able to collect Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) data of 332 patients (180 females, 152 males; age range 20 to 79 years; mean age 47.3 ± 12.3) for which we analyzed the change of suicidal ideation by using item 3 (suicidality) of HAMD. Results: Out of all 711 patients treated with rTMS for their depression, one patient (0.1%) committed suicide during the TMS treatment. In the statistical analysis of the subsample with 332 patients there was an overall amelioration of depressive symptoms accompanied by a significant decrease in the suicidality item with a medium effect size. Decrease in suicidality was not inferior to changes in other items as indicated by effect sizes. Forty-seven percent of patients showed an amelioration in suicidality, 41.3% of patients did not show a change in their suicidality's scores, and 11.7% of patients showed an increase in suicidality's scores from baseline to final rating. Correlation of item 3 (suicidality) and item 7 (drive) demonstrated a significant positive association, revealing improved drive with a parallel decreased suicidality. Conclusion: Based on the proposed data, there is no evidence that rTMS increases the risk for suicide during the course of the treatment. Conversely, rTMS tends to reduce suicidal ideation. Our findings call for further rTMS controlled studies using large sample sizes and specific suicidality assessment measures to obtain more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelnaim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Deppe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Mohonko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter M Kreuzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timm B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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LeGates TA, Kvarta MD, Thompson SM. Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:140-154. [PMID: 30082889 PMCID: PMC6235879 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a roughly two-fold greater risk as compared to males. Depression is sexually dimorphic with males and females exhibiting differences in clinical presentation, course, and response to antidepressant treatment. In this review, we first discuss sex differences observed in depressed patients, as well as animal models that reveal potential underlying mechanisms. We then discuss antidepressant treatments including their proposed mechanism of action and sex differences observed in treatment response. We include possible mechanisms underlying these sex differences with particular focus on synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. LeGates
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Scott M. Thompson
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ,0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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64
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Bantjes J, Tomlinson M, Weiss RE, Yen PK, Goldstone D, Stewart J, Qondela T, Rabie S, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Non-fatal suicidal behaviour, depression and poverty among young men living in low-resource communities in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1195. [PMID: 30348143 PMCID: PMC6198370 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the context- and gender-specific risk factors for non-fatal suicidal behaviour is the cornerstone of evidence-based public health interventions to reduce suicide. Poverty and symptoms of depression are well established risk factors for suicidal behaviour. However, little is understood about how proximal economic factors (such as losing one’s job, or food insecurity) may confound the effects of symptoms of depression to increase the risk of non-fatal suicidal behaviour in vulnerable populations, such as young men living under conditions of endemic poverty. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which a wide range of poverty-related variables account for non-fatal suicidal behaviour independent of, or in addition to, symptoms of depression among young men living in low-resource communities in South Africa (SA). Methods Data were collected from a clustered sample of 647 young men living in low-resource communities in the Western Cape province of SA. Multivariate regressions were used to identify the associations between poverty-related measures, symptoms of depression, and past-month prevalence of non-fatal suicidal behaviour. Results Non-fatal suicidal behaviour in the last month was reported by 47 (6.13%) participants: suicidal ideation (n = 43; 5.97%); suicide plan (n = 5; 0.77%); suicide attempt (n = 4; 0.62%), and deliberate self-harm without intent to die (n = 4; 0.62%). Past-month prevalence of non-fatal suicidal behaviour was significantly associated with particular dimensions of poverty (living in a home without a toilet on the premises, having previously been fired, and food insecurity), but not with other dimensions of poverty (such as prolonged unemployment and low levels of income). However, symptoms of depression were a more significant predictor of non-fatal suicidal behaviour than any measure of poverty (aOR=1.093, 95% CI=1.058-1.129, p < .000). Conclusions Depressive symptoms are more strongly associated with non-fatal suicidal behaviour than a range of proximal and distal economic factors among young men living under conditions of endemic poverty in South Africa. This has important public health implications and highlights the importance of increasing young men’s access to psychiatric services and targeting depression as an integral component of suicide prevention in low resource communities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6104-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - M Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - R E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P K Yen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Goldstone
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - J Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - T Qondela
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - S Rabie
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M-J Rotheram-Borus
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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65
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Lara GAG, Zúñiga JO, Pérez OC, Solís SH, Jiménez CEP, Méndez MC. Predictors of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1089-1096. [PMID: 29694595 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018234.14492016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the presence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico based on predictor variables. A cross-sectional study adopting an ex post facto design was conducted with a non-probability sample of 4,759 students of both sexes with an average age of 18.4 years and using the following tools: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Roberts' Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Impulsiveness Scale (IS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The mean score obtained by the suicidal ideation scale was 0.2, which is lower than that reported by other studies, while the mean score for depressive symptoms was similar to those in the literature. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 7.8%, which is lower than reported in national and international studies. Multivariable logistic regression showed that impulsiveness (OR = 1.907) and depressive symptoms (OR = 9.006) lead to a twofold and ninefold increase in the likelihood of suicidal ideation, respectively. The findings also showed a strong association between suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms, showing that the latter is a predictor of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ocaña Zúñiga
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | - Oscar Cruz Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | - Soledad Hernández Solís
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | | | - Martín Cabrera Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
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66
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Bachmann S. Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1425. [PMID: 29986446 PMCID: PMC6068947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a worldwide phenomenon. This review is based on a literature search of the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and PubMed. According to the WHO, in 2015, about 800,000 suicides were documented worldwide, and globally 78% of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, suicides account for 1.4% of premature deaths worldwide. Differences arise between regions and countries with respect to the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the respective country, method of suicide, and access to health care. During the second and third decades of life, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Completed suicides are three times more common in males than females; for suicide attempts, an inverse ratio can be found. Suicide attempts are up to 30 times more common compared to suicides; they are however important predictors of repeated attempts as well as completed suicides. Overall, suicide rates vary among the sexes and across lifetimes, whereas methods differ according to countries. The most commonly used methods are hanging, self-poisoning with pesticides, and use of firearms. The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric diseases. Among those, depression, substance use, and psychosis constitute the most relevant risk factors, but also anxiety, personality-, eating- and trauma-related disorders as well as organic mental disorders significantly add to unnatural causes of death compared to the general population. Overall, the matter at hand is relatively complex and a significant amount of underreporting is likely to be present. Nevertheless, suicides can, at least partially, be prevented by restricting access to means of suicide, by training primary care physicians and health workers to identify people at risk as well as to assess and manage respective crises, provide adequate follow-up care and address the way this is reported by the media. Suicidality represents a major societal and health care problem; it thus should be given a high priority in many realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bachmann
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Hauptstrasse 130, 9573 Littenheid, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University Halle (Saale), Julius-Kühn-Strasse 7, 6112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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67
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Tarlow KR, Johnson TA, McCord CE. Rural Status, Suicide Ideation, and Telemental Health: Risk Assessment in a Clinical Sample. J Rural Health 2018; 35:247-252. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Tarlow
- School of Public HealthTexas A&M University College Station Texas
| | - Tina A. Johnson
- School of Public HealthTexas A&M University College Station Texas
| | - Carly E. McCord
- School of Public HealthTexas A&M University College Station Texas
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Lenz B, Röther M, Bouna-Pyrrou P, Mühle C, Tektas OY, Kornhuber J. The androgen model of suicide completion. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:84-103. [PMID: 29886148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a devastating public health issue that imposes severe psychological, social, and economic burdens not only for the individuals but also for their relatives, friends, clinicians, and the general public. Among the different suicidal behaviors, suicide completion is the worst and the most relevant outcome. The knowledge of biological etiopathological mechanisms involved in suicide completion is limited. Hitherto, no objective markers, either alone or in combination, can reliably predict who will complete a suicide. However, such parameters are strongly needed to establish and optimize prediction and prevention. We introduce here a novel ideation-to-completion framework in suicide research and discuss the problems of studies aiming at identifying and validating clinically useful markers. The male gender is a specific risk factor for suicide, which suggests that androgen effects are implicated in the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide completion. We present multiple lines of direct and indirect evidence showing that both an increased prenatal androgen load (with subsequent permanent neuroadaptations) and increased adult androgen activity are involved in suicide completion. We also review data arguing that modifiable maternal behavioral traits during pregnancy contribute to the offspring's prenatal androgen load and increase the risk for suicide completion later in life. We conclude that in utero androgen exposure and adult androgen levels facilitate suicide completion in an synergistic manner. The androgen model of suicide completion provides the basis for the development of novel predictive and preventive strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Mareike Röther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Ozan Y Tektas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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69
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Amidfar M, Kim YK, Scaini G, Quevedo J. Evidence for additionally increased apoptosis in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of major depressive patients with a high risk for suicide. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:388-396. [PMID: 29633502 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested a pathophysiological role of blood cell apoptosis in major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and Fas in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MDD patients with a high risk for suicide relative to those without a high risk for suicide as well as healthy subjects. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Fas as well as the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was examined in the PBMCs of 30 MDD patients with a high risk for suicide, 30 MDD patients without a high risk for suicide, and 30 healthy controls. The mRNA expression of target genes was measured using real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). FAS mRNA expression was significantly increased, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression and the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio were significantly decreased, in the PBMCs of MDD patients with or without a high risk for suicide attempts compared to healthy controls (p < .001). However, Bax mRNA expression was significantly increased only in MDD patients with a high risk for suicide. Moreover, MDD patients with a high risk for suicide had increased Bax and FAS mRNA expression and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio when compared to patients without risk for suicide (p < .001). Our findings may support the role of both internal and external apoptotic pathways in the interplay between the immune system and depressive symptoms, especially in patients with a high risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Poznanski B, Cornacchio D, Coxe S, Pincus DB, McMakin DL, Comer JS. The Link Between Anxiety Severity and Irritability Among Anxious Youth: Evaluating the Mediating Role of Sleep Problems. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:352-359. [PMID: 29222620 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although recent studies have linked pediatric anxiety to irritability, research has yet to examine the mechanisms through which youth anxiety may be associated with irritability. Importantly, sleep related problems (SRPs) have been associated with both child anxiety and irritability, but research has not considered whether the link between youth anxiety and irritability may be accounted for by SRPs. The present study investigated whether SRPs mediated the relationship between anxiety severity and irritability in a large sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N = 435; ages 7-19 years, M = 12.7; 55.1% female). Anxiety severity, SRPs and irritability showed significant pairwise associations, and the indirect effect of youth anxiety severity on irritability, via SRPs, was positive and significant. The present analysis is the first to examine youth anxiety, irritability, and SPRs in a single model in a sample of anxious youth, and provides preliminary evidence that SRPs partially mediate links between child anxiety and irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Poznanski
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Danielle Cornacchio
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stefany Coxe
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Donna B Pincus
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological and Brain Studies, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 6th Floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. .,Department of Psychology, The Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Bugaev N, McKay K, Breeze JL, Arabian SS, Rabinovici R. Self-Inflicted Abdominal Stab Wounds Have a Higher Rate of Non-therapeutic Laparotomy/Laparoscopy and a Lower Risk of Injury. World J Surg 2018. [PMID: 28634840 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profile and management of self-inflicted abdominal stab wounds (SI-ASW) patients is still obscure. METHODS The National Trauma Data Bank (2012) was queried for adults with abdominal stab wounds (n = 9544). Patients with SI-ASW (n = 1724) and non-SI-ASW (n = 7820) were compared. Predictors for non-therapeutic laparotomy/laparoscopy (non-TL) in SI-ASW patients were identified. RESULTS SI-ASW patients were older, had more females and behavioral disorders, similar physiology, but a lower Injury Severity Score. They had more laparotomies overall (54 versus 48%, p < 0.0001) and more non-TL (42 versus 32%, p < 0.0001), but less injuries (43 versus 53%, p < 0.0001), although peritoneal violation rate was similar. Complications and mortality were similar. In the SI-ASW cohort, non-TL patients were more likely to be female and younger, and to have Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥13 and a higher systolic blood pressure. History of psychiatric, drug and alcohol disorders was associated with SI-ASW, but did not independently predict the need for treatment in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Patients with SI-ASW underwent more non-TL than patients with non-SI-ASW. Female gender, younger age, and a higher GCS and systolic blood pressure predicted non-TL in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Bugaev
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington st, #4488, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Kevin McKay
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington st, #4488, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Janis L Breeze
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 800 Washington st, #63, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington st, #63, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Sandra S Arabian
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington st, #4488, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Reuven Rabinovici
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington st, #4488, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Consoloni JL, Ibrahim EC, Lefebvre MN, Zendjidjian X, Olié E, Mazzola-Pomietto P, Desmidt T, Samalin L, Llorca PM, Abbar M, Lopez-Castroman J, Haffen E, Baumstarck K, Naudin J, Azorin JM, El-Hage W, Courtet P, Belzeaux R. Serotonin transporter gene expression predicts the worsening of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts along a long-term follow-up of a Major Depressive Episode. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:401-414. [PMID: 29287766 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The quest for biomarkers in suicidal behaviors has been elusive so far, despite their potential utility in clinical practice. One of the most robust biological findings in suicidal behaviors is the alteration of the serotonin transporter function in suicidal individuals. Our main objective was to investigate the predictive value of the serotonin transporter gene expression (SLC6A4) for suicidal ideation and as secondary, for suicide attempts in individuals with a major depressive episode (MDE). A 30-week prospective study was conducted on 148 patients with a MDE and 100 healthy controls including 4 evaluation times (0, 2, 8 and 30 weeks). Blood samples and clinical data were collected and SLC6A4 mRNA levels were measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using RT-qPCR. We first demonstrated the stability and reproducibility of SLC6A4 mRNA expression measures over time in healthy controls (F=0.658; p=0.579; η2=0.008; ICC=0.91, 95% CI [0.87-0.94]). Baseline SLC6A4 expression level (OR=0.563 [0.340-0.932], p=0.026) as well as early changes in SLC6A4 expression between baseline and the 2nd week (β=0.200, p=0.042) predicted the worsening of suicidal ideation (WSI) in the following 8 weeks. Moreover, changes in SLC6A4 expression between the 2nd and 8th weeks predicted the occurrence of a suicide attempt within 30 weeks (OR=10.976 [1.438-83.768], p=0.021). Altogether, the baseline level and the changes in SLC6A4 mRNA expression during a MDE might predict the WSI and the occurrence of suicidal attempts and could be a useful biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Lou Consoloni
- APHM, Department of psychiatry, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Xavier Zendjidjian
- APHM, Department of psychiatry, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, SPMC, EA 3279, Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Desmidt
- CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France; Inserm U1253 Imaging & Brain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, EA 7280, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, EA 7280, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mocrane Abbar
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHRU Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Inserm, U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHRU Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France; EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; CIC-1431 Inserm, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Karine Baumstarck
- Aix Marseille Univ, SPMC, EA 3279, Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Naudin
- APHM, Department of psychiatry, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Azorin
- APHM, Department of psychiatry, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France; Inserm U1253 Imaging & Brain, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Inserm CIC 1415, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- APHM, Department of psychiatry, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Trained lay health workers reduce common mental disorder symptoms of adults with suicidal ideation in Zimbabwe: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:227. [PMID: 29422023 PMCID: PMC5806479 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal ideation may lead to deliberate self-harm which increases the risk of death by suicide. Globally, the main cause of deliberate self-harm is depression. The aim of this study was to explore prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicidal ideation among men and women with common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms attending public clinics in Zimbabwe, and to determine whether problem solving therapy delivered by lay health workers can reduce common mental disorder symptoms among people with suicidal ideation, using secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Methods At trial enrolment, the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) was used to screen for CMD symptoms. In the intervention arm, participants received six problem-solving therapy sessions conducted by trained and supervised lay health workers, while those in the control arm received enhanced usual care. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation at enrolment, and cluster-level logistic regression to compare SSQ scores at endline (6 months follow-up) between trial arms, stratified by suicidal ideation at enrolment. Results There were 573 participants who screened positive for CMD symptoms and 75 (13.1%) reported suicidal ideation at baseline. At baseline, after adjusting for confounders, suicidal ideation was independently associated with being aged over 24, lack of household income (household income yes/no; adjusted odds ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.29, 0.95); p = 0.03) and with having recently skipped a meal due to lack of food (adjusted odds ratio 3.06 (95% CI 1.81, 5.18); p < 0.001). Participants who reported suicidal ideation at enrolment experienced similar benefit to CMD symptoms from the Friendship Bench intervention (adjusted mean difference − 5.38, 95% CI −7.85, − 2.90; p < 0.001) compared to those who had common mental disorder symptoms but no suicidal ideation (adjusted mean difference − 4.86, 95% CI −5.68, − 4.04; p < 0.001). Conclusions Problem-solving therapy delivered by trained and supervised lay health workers reduced common mental disorder symptoms among participants with suicidal thoughts who attended primary care facilities in Zimbabwe. Trial registration pactr.org ldentifier: PACTR201410000876178
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Comasco E, Rangmar J, Eriksson UJ, Oreland L. Neurological and neuropsychological effects of low and moderate prenatal alcohol exposure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28470828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several explanations for the diverse results in research on foetal alcohol spectrum disorders or alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder might be at hand: timing, amount and patterns of alcohol exposure, as well as complex epigenetic responses. The genetic background of the offspring and its interaction with other prenatal and post-natal environmental cues are likely also of importance. In the present report, key findings about the possible effects of low and moderate doses of maternal alcohol intake on the neuropsychological development of the offspring are reviewed and plausible mechanisms discussed. Special focus is put on the serotonergic system within developmental and gene-environment frameworks. The review also suggests guidelines for future studies and also summarizes some of to-be-answered questions of relevance to clinical practice. Contradictory findings and paucity of studies on the effects of exposure to low alcohol levels during foetal life for the offspring's neuropsychological development call for large prospective studies, as well as for studies including neuroimaging and multi-omics analyses to dissect the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol exposure-related phenotypes and to identify biomarkers. Finally, it remains to be investigated whether any safe threshold of alcohol drinking during pregnancy can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Rangmar
- Department of Psychology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - U. J. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Stulz N, Hepp U, Gosoniu DG, Grize L, Muheim F, Weiss MG, Riecher-Rössler A. Patient-Identified Priorities Leading to Attempted Suicide. CRISIS 2017; 39:37-46. [PMID: 28793817 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempted suicide is a major public health problem. AIM The aim of this study was to identify patient-identified problems and triggers typically leading to attempted suicide. METHOD A representative sample of 66 adult patients was recruited from all clinical sites and psychiatrists who treat patients after attempted suicide in the Canton of Basel-City (Switzerland). Patients were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and interviewed with a local adaptation of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) to study underlying problems and triggers of attempted suicide. RESULTS Of the patients, 92.4% had at least one DSM-IV disorder, with depressive disorders being the most prevalent disorder. Although half (50.0%) of the patients identified a health problem, 71.2% identified an interpersonal conflict as underlying problem leading to the suicide attempt. Furthermore, an interpersonal conflict was identified as the trigger of the suicide attempt by more than half of the patients (54.5%). LIMITATIONS The study included German-speaking patients only. CONCLUSION According to patients, interpersonal problems often amplify underlying psychiatric problems, leading to suicide attempts. Social and interpersonal stressors should be acknowledged with integrated clinical and social interventions to prevent suicidal behavior in patients and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Stulz
- 1 Psychiatric Services Aargau, Brugg, Switzerland.,2 University of Bern, Department of Psychology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Hepp
- 3 Integrated Psychiatric Services of Winterthur and Zurich Unterland (ipw), Switzerland
| | - Dominic G Gosoniu
- 4 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,5 University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Grize
- 4 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,5 University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Muheim
- 6 University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell G Weiss
- 4 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,5 University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- 7 University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, Basel, Switzerland
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77
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Bethune A, da Costa L, van Niftrik CHB, Feinstein A. Suicidal Ideation After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Consecutive Canadian Sample. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:392-402. [PMID: 27310250 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1199990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate psychosocial and injury features contributing to SI following concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the time course for its development. Between 1998 and 2012, a sample of 871 patients referred to a follow-up clinic after concussion treatment in an urban tertiary care ED were consecutively offered enrollment at 3 months post injury. Data from psychiatric and social-demographic assessments were consecutively collected at 2 visits (3 and 6 months after injury) respectively. Chi-square and t-tests were performed to identify associations between variables related with SI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated. During the enrolment period, 2,296 patients with mTBI presented to the ED. 871 adults completed psychiatric and social demographic clinic assessments at 3 months, and 500 returned at 6 months. Suicidal ideation was expressed by 6.3% at 3 months and 8.2% at 6 months. Regression models showed SI independently associated with: speaking English as a second language (ESL) and injury mechanism (MVC passenger) at 3 and 6 months; and history of depression and marital status at 3 months only. SI is common 3 months after mTBI, and appears more at 6 month follow up. These findings suggest earlier screening for predisposing factors and closer monitoring of those at risk for suicidality.
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Nikendei C, Terhoeven V, Ehrenthal JC, Maatouk I, Wild B, Herzog W, Friederich HC. Depression profile in cancer patients and patients without a chronic somatic disease. Psychooncology 2017; 27:83-90. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Valentin Terhoeven
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes C. Ehrenthal
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Psychology; Klagenfurt University; Klagenfurt Austria
| | - Imad Maatouk
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Beate Wild
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University Hospital Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
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79
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Liu SI, Huang YH, Wu YH, Huang KY, Huang HC, Sun FJ, Huang CR, Sung MR, Huang YP. Temperament traits in suicidal and non-suicidal mood disorder patients in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:260-266. [PMID: 28407557 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major social and clinical problem in Asia. Although studies have suggested that personality traits are possible risk factors for suicide, no study has been conducted among Chinese to compare the temperament traits of suicidal and non-suicidal mood disorder patients with those of healthy controls. This study compared temperament traits of two patient groups, those with a mood disorder who have attempted suicide (n=204), and those with a mood disorder who have not attempted suicide (n=160), and compared the traits of these patients to those of healthy controls (n=178), assessed by Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the Brown-Goodwin Aggression Inventory. Patients with suicidal attempts had significantly higher novelty seeking and aggression scores than healthy controls and patients without suicidal attempts. Two groups of patients with mood disorder had significantly higher harm avoidance scores than the healthy controls. However, patients with suicidal attempts did not have higher harm avoidance scores than patients without suicidal attempts. This study confirms findings that harm avoidance and mood disorder are related, and extends them by suggesting that those with a mood disorder and suicide attempts have higher novelty seeking and lifetime aggression scores than those without suicidal attempt, either patients or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Sun
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ron Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ru Sung
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Ping Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Begum A, Rahman AKMF, Rahman A, Soares J, Reza Khankeh H, Macassa G. Prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents and young adults in rural Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2017.1304074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Brake CA, Rojas SM, Badour CL, Dutton CE, Feldner MT. Self-disgust as a potential mechanism underlying the association between PTSD and suicide risk. J Anxiety Disord 2017; 47:1-9. [PMID: 28126678 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Suicide risk is highly prevalent among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-disgust, defined as disgust directed internally and comprised of disgust with oneself (disgusting self) and with one's behaviors (disgusting ways), may impact this increased risk. The present study examined self-disgust as a putative mechanism linking PTSD symptoms with suicide risk. A sample of 347 trauma-exposed undergraduates completed measures of PTSD symptoms, suicide risk, self-disgust, and depressive symptoms. Controlling for depressive symptoms, a process model indicated PTSD symptoms were positively linked to suicide risk via increased disgusting self but not disgusting ways. Process models examining individual PTSD symptom clusters revealed positive, indirect links between all PTSD symptom clusters except alterations in arousal and reactivity and suicide risk via disgusting self. These findings expand on growing literature documenting the importance of self-disgust in trauma-related pathology by identifying connections with suicide risk. Future directions and clinical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alex Brake
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Sasha M Rojas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Christal L Badour
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Courtney E Dutton
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Matthew T Feldner
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
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82
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Knipe DW, Gunnell D, Pieris R, Priyadarshana C, Weerasinghe M, Pearson M, Jayamanne S, Dawson AH, Mohamed F, Gawarammana I, Hawton K, Konradsen F, Eddleston M, Metcalfe C. Is socioeconomic position associated with risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka? A cross-sectional study of 165 000 individuals. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014006. [PMID: 28336743 PMCID: PMC5372106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour in high-income countries, but this association is unclear in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS We investigated the association of SEP with attempted suicide in a cross-sectional survey of 165 233 Sri Lankans. SEP data were collected at the household (assets, social standing (highest occupation of a household member), foreign employment and young (≤40 years) female-headed households) and individual level (education and occupation). Respondent-reported data on suicide attempts in the past year were recorded. Random-effects logistic regression models, accounting for clustering, were used to investigate the association of SEP with attempted suicide. RESULTS Households reported 398 attempted suicides in the preceding year (239 per 100 000). Fewer assets (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.4) and having a daily wage labourer (ie, insecure/low-income job; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.2) as the highest occupation increased the risk of an attempted suicide within households. At an individual level, daily wage labourers were at an increased risk of attempted suicide compared with farmers. The strongest associations were with low levels of education (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.4), with a stronger association in men than women. CONCLUSIONS We found that indicators of lower SEP are associated with increased risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka. Longitudinal studies with objective measures of suicide attempts are needed to confirm this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01146496; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Knipe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R Pieris
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - C Priyadarshana
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M Weerasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - M Pearson
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Jayamanne
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelanyia, Kelanyia, Sri Lanka
| | - A H Dawson
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology (TACT) Group, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Gawarammana
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - K Hawton
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Konradsen
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Eddleston
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Metcalfe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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83
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Lin CC, Lee YT, Yang HJ. Risky Sexual Behaviors as Correlates of Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among Male HIV Test-Seekers at a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Facility in Taiwan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:219-228. [PMID: 28434253 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517697790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at determining the level of depression and suicidal status of adult HIV test-seekers. Of the total enrolled 850 males, almost 50% reported some risk behaviors, 38.9% experienced depression, and 7.2% had suicidal ideation. Subjects with risky sexual behaviors in terms of repeated HIV test, had a history of sexually transmitted disease, engaged in one-night stands, or did not use condoms all the time with causal sexual partners were more likely to have depression. Furthermore, subjects who were bisexual/homosexual, engaged in Internet sex, engaged in one-night stands, or used addictive drugs within the past 6 months were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. The HIV testers are at risk of experiencing depression and suicidal ideation; each is associated with different types of risky sexual behaviors. It is essential for the health authority to further provide mental health services for HIV testers and to draw up an effective strategy in reducing unprotected sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- 1 Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Infection Diseases, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ti Lee
- 2 Department of Infection Diseases, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- 1 Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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84
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The Social Situation of Sickness: an Evolutionary Perspective on Therapeutic Encounters. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-017-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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85
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Bazargan-Hejazi S, Ahmadi A, Bazargan M, Rahmani E, Pan D, Zahmatkesh G, Teruya S. Profile of Hospital Admissions due to Self-Inflicted Harm in Los Angeles County from 2001 to 2010. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:1244-1250. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Los Angeles CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California; Los Angeles CA
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- College of Medicine; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Los Angeles CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California; Los Angeles CA
| | - Elham Rahmani
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine; Roanoke VA
| | - Deyu Pan
- College of Medicine; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Los Angeles CA
| | - Golara Zahmatkesh
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine CA
| | - Stacey Teruya
- College of Medicine; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Los Angeles CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California; Los Angeles CA
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86
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Zhang Y, Yip PSF, Chang SS, Wong PWC, Law FYW. Association Between Changes in Risk Factor Status and Suicidal Ideation Incidence and Recovery. CRISIS 2016; 36:390-8. [PMID: 26648226 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about risk factors associated with the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation. AIMS To examine the association between potential risk factors and their change in status over the follow-up period and the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation. METHOD A 12-month follow-up survey was conducted among 997 adults aged between 20 and 59 years living in Hong Kong. RESULTS The incidence rates of suicidal ideation increased in individuals who were divorced, separated, or widowed, in low economic status, had a history of psychiatric treatment, and experienced bereavement at baseline. Experiencing three or more life events and persistent unemployment over the follow-up period was associated with increased incidence of suicidal ideation. Increased levels of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and irrational beliefs were associated with suicidal ideation incidence in men but not in women (p = .009-.067 for interactions). Among individuals who had suicidal ideation at baseline, those who had increased severity of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness over the follow-up period were less likely to recover from suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Life events and persistent unemployment were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. Gender differences were detected in the association between changes in the status of psychological factors and the occurrence of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- 2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,3 Institute of Health Policy and Management, and Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Wai Ching Wong
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Frances Yik Wa Law
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
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Voracek M. National Differences in Intelligence and Population Rates of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 105:355-61. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.105.2.355-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Population rates of suicidal ideation, suicide plans or attempted suicide from three independent multinational epidemiological surveys (the WHO/EURO and WHO SUPRE-MISS studies and a third one) were not significantly associated with national IQ figures. This result conflicts with previous evidence from cross-national studies (by Lester and by Voracek) of a positive ecological correlation between level of national intelligence and rates of completed suicide. Across nations, the indicators for the prevalence of suicidal behavior also lacked close correspondence with suicide rates, which may be due to the higher unreliability of assessing covert suicidal behavior (suicide ideas, thoughts, plans, and, to a lesser extent, also suicide attempts) as compared to suicidal behavior that is indisputably overt (completed suicide). Several alternative explanations for the current nil findings are also discussed.
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88
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Kim M, Oh GJ, Lee YH. Gender-Specific Factors Associated with Suicide Attempts among the Community-Dwelling General Population with Suicidal Ideation: the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:2010-2019. [PMID: 27822943 PMCID: PMC5102868 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.12.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified traditional risk factors and investigated poorly understood risk factors for suicide attempts according to gender in a large Korean population. We analyzed the data from 6,768 males and 12,475 females with suicidal ideation obtained from the nationwide 2013 Korean Community Health Survey. The dependent variable was suicide attempts within the past year. There was a significant trend towards an increase in suicide attempts with decreasing age in both genders. Compared with those who were married, suicide attempts were significantly higher among those who were widowed, divorced, or separated for males (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-3.20), but lower for females (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98). Current smoking and depression were significant risk factor for suicide attempts in males and females. However, monthly household income, myocardial infarction, and osteoporosis were significantly associated with suicide attempts only in males, whereas education level, recipient of National Basic Livelihood Security, family contact, leisure activity, and drinking frequency were significantly associated only in females. These findings indicate that gender difference should be considered in the assessment, prevention, and management of future suicide attempts by community policy-makers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Graduate School of Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
| | - Gyung Jae Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.
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89
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Roberts KJ, Smith N, Bowden-Jones H, Cheeta S. Gambling disorder and suicidality within the UK: an analysis investigating mental health and gambling severity as risk factors to suicidality. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1257648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Smith
- National Problem Gambling Clinic, London, UK
| | | | - Survjit Cheeta
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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90
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Ramchand R, Ayer L, Kotzias V, Engel C, Predmore Z, Ebener P, Kemp JE, Karras E, Haas G. Suicide Risk among Women Veterans in Distress: Perspectives of Responders on the Veterans Crisis Line. Womens Health Issues 2016; 26:667-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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91
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Dirkes J, Hughes T, Ramirez-Valles J, Johnson T, Bostwick W. Sexual identity development: relationship with lifetime suicidal ideation in sexual minority women. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3545-3556. [PMID: 27477498 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study draws on a life course perspective to evaluate in a sample of sexual minority women: (1) the relationship between age at reaching sexual identity milestones and risk of suicidal ideation, (2) developmental stages or stages of sexual identity development that represent greatest risk and (3) the relationship between age of reaching milestones and parental support. BACKGROUND Research shows higher rates of suicidal ideation among sexual minority women than heterosexual women. Evidence suggests this is partly accounted for by risk factors including sexual identity development and parental support. However, it remains unclear whether there are stages of particularly high risk. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. Data come from a prospective study of sexual minority women that used convenience and respondent-driven sampling methods. METHODS Using logistic regression, we examined associations among age at sexual identity developmental milestones, parental support and suicidal ideation in a large (N = 820), ethnically diverse sample of sexual minority women. RESULTS Compared with women who first wondered about their sexual identity in adulthood, those who first wondered in early, middle or late adolescence had greater odds of lifetime suicidal ideation. Younger age at subsequent milestones (first decided or first disclosed) was not associated with heightened risk of suicidal ideation. Parental support was independently associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that where one is in the process of identifying as a sexual minority may be more important than age in understanding risk of suicidal ideation in this population. As individuals come to accept and integrate their sexual minority identity risks associated with younger age diminish. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses and other healthcare providers who work with youth should routinely ask about sexual orientation and suicidal ideation and be aware that youth in the earliest stages of coming out as sexual minority may be at particularly high risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dirkes
- Master of Public Health Program, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tonda Hughes
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Tim Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wendy Bostwick
- School of Health Studies, Public Health Program, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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92
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Holden RR, DeLisle MM. Factor Analysis of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation With Female Suicide Attempters. Assessment 2016; 12:231-8. [PMID: 15914724 DOI: 10.1177/1073191105274925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sample of 119 female suicide attempters completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). Although confirmatory common factor analyses of BSS items failed to support previously hypothesized one-, two-, or three-factor models, confirmatory principal components analyses substantiated hypothesized one- and two-dimensional models. Heuristics for the number of factors converged on two latent dimensions and exploratory principal components analyses verified the presence of two previously hypothesized suicide ideation factors: motivation and preparation. Scales based on this two-dimensional model demonstrated convergent validity with other suicide indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Holden
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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93
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Griffin-Fennell F, Williams M. Examining the Complexities of Suicidal Behavior in the African American Community. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798406290469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Once considered a “White thing,” suicide is now the third leading cause of death for African Americans, behind only homicide and unintentional injury. Although the rates of suicide for African American women remain low and relatively unchanged, the rates for African American men have increased dramatically during the past 20 years. The changes in the suicide rates for African American youth have motivated researchers to investigate protective and risk factors associated with suicide. In light of some of the current findings that identify religious participation as a protective factor against suicide for African Americans, an alternative perspective is provided that examines the contribution of spirituality and specific religious practices on gender differences in suicide risk.
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94
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Kaslow NJ, Jacobs CH, Young SL, Cook S. Suicidal Behavior Among Low-Income African American Women: A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Suicide Attempters. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798406290459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This investigation ascertained dimensions of a suicide attempt and psychological and historical risk factors that differentiate low-income, female, African American suicide attempters as a function of having made a single, first-time attempt versus multiple attempts. Two groups were compared: first time attempters ( n= 135) and repeat attempters ( n= 139). Participants were recruited from a large, urban hospital following a suicide attempt (i.e., index suicide attempt). Sociodemographic characteristics, details of the index attempt (i.e., the attempt that prompted entry into the study), psychological functioning, hopelessness, substance abuse, and trauma history were assessed. The two groups were largely similar across sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to test hypotheses. Relative to first-time attempters, the attempts of repeat attempters involved higher levels of intent, planning, and perceived lethality and were associated with more psychological distress, hopelessness, substance abuse, and childhood trauma. Research and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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95
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Eskin M, Sun JM, Abuidhail J, Yoshimasu K, Kujan O, Janghorbani M, Flood C, Carta MG, Tran US, Mechri A, Hamdan M, Poyrazli S, Aidoudi K, Bakhshi S, Harlak H, Moro MF, Nawafleh H, Phillips L, Shaheen A, Taifour S, Tsuno K, Voracek M. Suicidal Behavior and Psychological Distress in University Students: A 12-nation Study. Arch Suicide Res 2016; 20:369-88. [PMID: 26954847 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1054055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychological distress in university students across 12 nations. A total of 5,572 university students from 12 countries were surveyed about suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Almost 29% of the samples reported having contemplated suicide and 7% reported attempting suicide. Of the total sample, 51.1% scored above the General Health Questionnaire-12 ≥ 3 cut-off points, 41.6% above the GHQ-12 ≥ 4 cut-off points, and 33.8% scored above the GHQ-12 ≥ 5 cut-off points. While odds of suicide ideation were elevated in Austria and the UK, reduced ORs were detected for China, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey. Similarly, while odds of suicide attempt were high in Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and to some extent in Turkey, reduced ORs were observed for Austria, China, Italy, Japan and the United States. Elevated ORs for psychological distress were seen in Japan, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey but reduced ORs were noted in Austria, China, Iran, Italy, and the United States. Psychological distress was strongly associated with reports of suicide ideation and attempts. Suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and psychological distress are common in university students but their rates vary depending on the sociocultural context. Due attention should be devoted to the mental health needs of young adults enrolled in higher educational institutions and more cross-cultural research is warranted to better understand the etiology of the observed intersocietal variations in suicidal behavior and psychological distress.
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96
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Fortuna LR, Álvarez K, Ramos Ortiz Z, Wang Y, Mozo Alegría X, Cook BL, Alegría M. Mental health, migration stressors and suicidal ideation among Latino immigrants in Spain and the United States. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:15-22. [PMID: 27311103 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigration stress appears to augment the risk for suicide behaviors for Latinos. Yet, specific risk factors that contribute to suicidal ideation (SI) among diverse Latino immigrant populations are not well established. METHODS Data were collected in Boston, Madrid and Barcelona using a screening battery assessing mental health, substance abuse risk, trauma exposure, demographics, and sociocultural factors. Prevalence rates of lifetime and 30-day SI were compared across sites. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and sociocultural-contextual factors associated with 30-day SI. RESULTS Five hundred and sixty-seven Latino patients from primary care, behavioral health and HIV clinics and community agencies participated. Rates of lifetime SI ranged from 29-35%; rates for 30-day SI were 21-23%. Rates of SI were not statistically different between sites. Factors associated with SI included exposure to discrimination, lower ethnic identity, elevated family conflict, and low sense of belonging (P<0.01). In the adjusted model, higher scores on depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and trauma exposure were significantly associated with 30-day SI (OR=1.14, 1.04, and 7.76, respectively). Greater number of years living in the host country was significantly associated with increased odds of having SI (OR=2.22) while having citizenship status was associated with lower odds (OR=0.45). CONCLUSION Latinos suffering depression, trauma exposure, and immigration stressors are more likely to experience SI. Despite differences in country of origin, education, and other demographic factors between countries, rates of SI did not differ. Recommendations for prevention and clinical practice for addressing suicidal ideation risk among Latino immigrants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Fortuna
- Boston University Medical School, Boston Medical Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 850, Harrison Avenue, Dowling Building, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA; Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50, Staniford Street, Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - K Álvarez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50, Staniford Street, Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Z Ramos Ortiz
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50, Staniford Street, Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Y Wang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50, Staniford Street, Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - X Mozo Alegría
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Paseo de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B L Cook
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, 1035, Cambridge Street, Cambridge MA 02141 USA
| | - M Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50, Staniford Street, Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 USA.
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97
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Saraçlı Ö, Atasoy N, Şenormancı Ö, Atik L, Açıkgöz HO, Doğan V, Sankır H, Köktürk F, Örsel S. Childhood trauma and suicide risk in the population living in Zonguldak Province. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2016; 8:136-44. [PMID: 26439983 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No previous study has investigated the association between early trauma and suicidal behavior in Zonguldak. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of childhood abuse and neglect in the general population living in Zonguldak province and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideations and attempts. METHODS The present study was carried out with 897 people in the general population, as assessed in a representative sample from Zonguldak province. The cluster sampling method was used. After obtaining written consent from the people who agreed to participate in the study, the Socio-demographic Information Form, Suicide Probability Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideations was 18.3% among those who experienced at least one type of early trauma, and it was 9.6% among those without a history of childhood trauma (P < 0.001). Only emotional abuse exhibited a significantly high odds ratio for lifetime suicidal ideations (odds ratio [OR] = 3.168, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.731-5.798) and attempts (OR = 3.467, 95% CI = 1.343-8.952). Emotional neglect showed a high odds ratio only for lifetime suicidal attempts (OR = 3.282, 95% CI = 1.287-8.371). There were significant correlations among the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Suicidal Probability Scale sub-scores and all six Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores. DISCUSSION Emotional abuse and neglect in childhood are significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideations and attempts in the general population living in Zonguldak province. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the importance of the childhood trauma in the patients with suicidal ideations and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Saraçlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nuray Atasoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şenormancı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Levent Atik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Veysel Doğan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hasan Sankır
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Fürüzan Köktürk
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sibel Örsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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98
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Testing the bargaining vs. inclusive fitness models of suicidal behavior against the ethnographic record. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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99
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Mu H, Li Y, Liu L, Na J, Yu L, Bi X, An X, Gu Y, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang R, Jiang C, Pan G. Prevalence and risk factors for lifetime suicide ideation, plan and attempt in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:117. [PMID: 27129468 PMCID: PMC4850688 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the level and risk factors for suicidal behaviors in Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS A total of 807 MSM were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method from Anshan, Benxi, Dandong, and Shenyang cities in northeastern China. RESULTS Chinese MSM had lifetime prevalences of suicide ideation (18.3%), plan (8.7%) and attempt (4.6%) that were about 2.8, 5.8 and 5.8 times greater than that of male adults in the general population of China. The MSM with any psychiatric disorders were 4-7 times more likely to think about, plan or attempt suicide than those MSM with no disorder, and there was a clear relationship between the number of comorbid disorders and suicidal behaviors. Multiple regression analysis showed that major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia and alcohol use disorder significantly increased the risk for suicide ideation, but not for suicide attempt. Drug dependence disorder, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder significantly increased the risk for suicide attempt, but not for suicide ideation. More advanced education reduced the risk of suicidal behaviors, sexual orientations revealed to or discovered by family members or friends significantly increased risk of these suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Chinese MSM have significantly increased risk for suicidal behaviors, mental disorders and their comorbidities could be the largest risk factors for the elevated suicidal behaviors in Chinese MSM. Reducing the family and social stigma and rejection of homosexual behavior and early detection and effective treatment of psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities in MSM may help to decrease suicidal behaviors of Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Jun Na
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Liya Yu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Bi
- Anshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anshan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia An
- Benxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Benxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Shenyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Dandong Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Pan
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005, P.R. China.
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100
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Kaplan RL, Nehme S, Aunon F, de Vries D, Wagner G. Suicide risk factors among trans feminine individuals in Lebanon. INT J TRANSGENDERISM 2016; 17:23-30. [PMID: 27616943 PMCID: PMC5012530 DOI: 10.1080/15532739.2015.1117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgender women are disproportionately affected by high rates of depression and suicide attempts. It is therefore important to identify factors that influence suicidal risk, particularly in the Middle East where little research has examined the mental health of transgender women. We examined risk factors associated with suicide attempts among 54 trans feminine individuals in Beirut, Lebanon. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using bivariate statistics. Twenty-five (46%) participants reported having ever attempted suicide. Among them, only one participant received some kind of counseling in response to the attempted suicide. Low general social support, low social integration, and low support from peers were significantly associated with a history of attempted suicide, as were being more open about transgender identity in public and any hormone use (past or current). These findings suggest that progression in gender transition can have unintended consequences related to mental health and suicide risk, while social support systems can mitigate the impact of mental health problems. Some of these findings mirror other contexts around the globe and can inform mental health services for trans feminine individuals in Lebanon, the greater Middle East region, and other international settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Kaplan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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