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Macías-Cruz U, Stevens JC, Correa-Calderón A, Mellado M, Meza-Herrera CA, Avendaño-Reyes L. Effects of pre-lambing maternal energy supplementation on post-weaning productive performance and thermoregulatory capacity of heat-stressed male lambs. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:7-12. [PMID: 30017055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional requirements of sheep during late gestation increase as a consequence of high fetal growth, mammary tissue development and colostrum synthesis. While prepartum energy supplementation is a nutritional strategy to improve lamb postnatal performance in thermoneutral environments, this has not been studied under heat stress. This study aimed to evaluate effects of maternal energy supplementation during the last third of pregnancy on post-weaning feedlot performance and thermoregulation capacity of heat-stressed male lambs born from multiple births. Twenty Dorper x Pelibuey entire male lambs with initial body weight of 18.2 ± 0.4 kg, aged 2.7 mo (weaned) and born in multiple pregnancies were used in a 32 d feeding study. Treatments were based in the prenatal origin of the lambs: 1) ewes fed 100 (n = 10, Control) and 2) 125% (n = 10, Supplemented) of metabolizable energy requirements from day 100 of gestation to lambing. Lambs were housed outdoor in individual pens under summer environment conditions in an arid region (temperature = 36 ± 4.4 °C and temperature-humidity index = 81 ± 3.9 units). Overall feedlot performance was not affected by pre-partum maternal feeding, although lower (P = 0.04) growth rate and feed efficiency occurred during the last 8 d of the study in lambs born from supplemented ewes. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and hair coat temperature during daytime were unaffected by prepartum supplementation. Serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, urea, total protein and thyroid hormones were similar between lambs born from control and supplemented ewes. It is concluded that, in hair sheep breeds, prepartum energy supplementation did not alter overall post-weaning productive performance and thermoregulation capacity of heat-stressed male lambs that were born in multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California 21705, México
| | - Jazmín C Stevens
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Abelardo Correa-Calderón
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California 21705, México
| | - Miguel Mellado
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, México
| | - Cesar A Meza-Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, México
| | - Leonel Avendaño-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California 21705, México.
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Yang H, Liu X, Hu G, Xie Y, Lin S, Zhao Z, Chen J. Identification and analysis of microRNAs-mRNAs pairs associated with nutritional status in seasonal sheep. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:321-327. [PMID: 29588175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role of nutritional status for reproductive performance, we aimed to explore the potential microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA pairs and their regulatory roles associated with nutritional status in seasonal reproducing sheep. Individual ewes were treated with and without 0.3 kg/day concentrates, and the body condition score, estrus rate, and related miRNAs and target genes were compared. A total of 261 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 148 hypothalamus-expressed miRNAs and 113 ovary-expressed miRNAs, and 349 target genes were predicted to be associated with nutritional status and seasonal reproduction in sheep. Ultimately, the miR-200b-GNAQ pair was screened and validated as differentially expressed, and a dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-200b could bind to the 3'-untranslated region of GNAQ to mediate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Thus, miR-200b and its target gene GNAQ likely represent an important negative feedback loop, providing a link between nutritional status and seasonal reproduction in sheep toward enhancing reproductive performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xianxia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Guangdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zongsheng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Jingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Integration of lncRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Analyses Reveals Genes and Pathways Potentially Involved in Calf Intestinal Growth and Development during the Early Weeks of Life. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030142. [PMID: 29510583 PMCID: PMC5867863 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the factors that regulate growth and immune response of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of calves will promote informed management practices in calf rearing. This study aimed to explore genomics (messenger RNA (mRNA)) and epigenomics (long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)) mechanisms regulating the development of the rumen and ileum in calves. Thirty-two calves (≈5-days-old) were reared for 96 days following standard procedures. Sixteen calves were humanely euthanized on experiment day 33 (D33) (pre-weaning) and another 16 on D96 (post-weaning) for collection of ileum and rumen tissues. RNA from tissues was subjected to next generation sequencing and 3310 and 4217 mRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between D33 and D96 in ileum and rumen tissues, respectively. Gene ontology and pathways enrichment of DE genes confirmed their roles in developmental processes, immunity and lipid metabolism. A total of 1568 (63 known and 1505 novel) and 4243 (88 known and 4155 novel) lncRNAs were detected in ileum and rumen tissues, respectively. Cis target gene analysis identified BMPR1A, an important gene for a GIT disease (juvenile polyposis syndrome) in humans, as a candidate cis target gene for lncRNAs in both tissues. LncRNA cis target gene enrichment suggested that lncRNAs might regulate growth and development in both tissues as well as posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA or microRNA processing in rumen, or disease resistance mechanisms in ileum. This study provides a catalog of bovine lncRNAs and set a baseline for exploring their functions in calf GIT development.
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Pathak PK, Roychoudhury R, Saharia J, Borah MC, Dutta DJ, Bhuyan R, Kalita D. Impact of seasonal thermal stress on physiological and blood biochemical parameters in pigs under different dietary energy levels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1025-1032. [PMID: 29442255 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was formulated to find out the status of important season related thermal stress biomarkers of pure-bred (Hampshire) and crossbred (50% Hampshire × 50% local) pigs under the agro-climatic condition of Assam State, India. The experiment was also aimed to study the role of different level of energy ration (110, 100, and 90% energy of NRC feeding standard for pig) in variation of physiological and biochemical parameters in two genetic groups of pigs in different seasons. The metabolizable energy value were 3260, 2936.5, and 3585.8 kcal/kg in grower ration and 3260.2, 2936.6, and 3587 kcal/kg in finisher ration for normal energy (NE), low energy (LE) and high energy (HE), respectively. Both the genetic group of animals were housed separately under intensive system of management. Each pen was measuring 10' × 12' along with an outer enclosure. Six weaned piglets (almost similar body weight of average 10.55 kg) of each group were kept in a separate pen. However, after attainment of 35 kg body weight, the animals of a group were divided in two pens of three animals each. The present experiment indicated that average ambient temperature during summer months (27.33-29.51 °C) was above the comfort zone for pigs (22 °C). The significantly (P < 0.01) higher relative humidity (RH) (%) was recorded in outdoor environment (87.26-91.10%) and in the morning time (86.60-91.10%). The temperature humidity index (THI) during the study period was found to be indicative of thermal stress to the experimental animals during summer (79.55-82.56). Physiological parameters viz., respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in summer season (43.75-72.12 breaths/min. and 102.29-103.23 °F) and non-significantly higher values were recorded in Hampshire pigs. It was also found that the significantly (P < 0.01) lower RR as well as RT was recorded in the pigs fed with high energy (HE) ration during summer season. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) lower during summer, while both the genetic groups showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher concentration of serum cortisol during summer season. It was also observed that thyroid hormone and cortisol concentrations were maintained in groups of pig fed vegetable oil incorporated HE diet during summer. From the present study, it is found that the increasing the energy level of the ration might be helpful to minimize the effects of thermal stress during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Pathak
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, 737102, India.
| | - R Roychoudhury
- Department of LPM, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - J Saharia
- Department of LPM, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - M C Borah
- Department of LPM, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - D J Dutta
- Department of LPM, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - R Bhuyan
- Department of LPM, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - D Kalita
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
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Ferlazzo A, Cravana C, Fazio E, Medica P. The contribution of total and free iodothyronines to welfare maintenance and management stress coping in Ruminants and Equines: Physiological ranges and reference values. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:134-143. [PMID: 29428703 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to acquire a pattern of thyroid involvement in welfare maintenance in Ruminants and Equines, this review summarizes data concerning the reference values of total and free iodothyronines and their modifications in physiological conditions and in different management conditions (pregnancy, lactation, weaning, growth, isolation, restraint, shearing, confinement and transportation). Thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues efficiently respond to management practices, giving a differentiated contribution to circulating iodothyronine changes. The hormonal response could be mainly attributed to the intracellular deiodination of T4 to T3. Triiodothyronine (T3) and free iodothyronines (fT3 and fT4) result more responsive to management stress, showing different pattern with species and to various conditions, as to environmental conditions in which activities are performed. Intrinsic seasonal changes of iodothyronines and a significant pregnancy effect for T3 were recorded in mares. Higher, although not significant, T3 and T4 concentrations in barren than pregnant mares were observed in donkeys. A positive significant correlation between T3 and T4 was described only in pregnant donkeys. Moreover, a significant effect of season on T3 and fT3 changes was observed both in pregnant and barren donkeys. A significant lactating effect compared with nonlactating stage for T3 and T4 was recorded in mares. In growing foals, body weight (BW) and age were positively correlated with T3 and negatively correlated with T4, fT4 and fT3. Weaning effects were shown for T3 and fT4 concentrations, indicating that weaning represents a severe stress and the presence of conspecific does not reduce psychological stress in this phase. Lambs showed significant decreased T3 and elevated T4 concentrations two weeks after weaning, with higher concentrations in both males and females compared to 24 h. Significant positive correlations were observed between BW and T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations in lambs. A T3 decrease was detected after isolation, such as induced by confinement and weaning in lambs. Higher T3 concentration after restraint and shearing than after isolation and significant increases in T4, fT3 and fT4 values after restraint and shearing were recorded. The basal concentrations of fT3 in both the inexperienced and experienced transported horses were significantly higher than in untransported experienced horses. Moreover, increases of T3, T4 and fT4 after short road transportation, and significant correlations between T3 and rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and heart rate (HR), confirmed their important role in coping strategy. Thyroid responsiveness to short transport is similar in domestic donkeys and horses, with a preferential release of T3 in horses. A greatest and constant release of T3 and T4, although differentiated, after simulated transportation and after conventional transport of horses confirmed that the degree of stress induced by confinement and additional stressful stimuli associated to road transportation could differently influence the iodothyronine release. Temperamental Limousin young beef bulls showed lower T4 and fT4 concentrations after prolonged transportation than calm subjects, and a concomitant decrease of circulating ACTH, cortisol, T3 and fT3 concentrations, probably induced by down regulation of HPA axis and cortisol negative feedback. These data reinforce the importance of taking into account the evaluation of iodothyronines, and notably of T3, as markers of welfare and stress and their role in ensuring energy homeostasis and productive and reproductive performances in Ruminants and Equines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ferlazzo
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Impact of feed restriction, sexual class and age on the growth, blood metabolites and endocrine responses of hair lambs in a tropical climate. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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58
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Khanal P, Nielsen MO. Impacts of prenatal nutrition on animal production and performance: a focus on growth and metabolic and endocrine function in sheep. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28919976 PMCID: PMC5594587 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of foetal programming (FP) originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has been evaluated in various animal models to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the foetal origins of health and disease in humans. In FP research, the sheep has been quite extensively used as a model for humans. In this paper we will review findings mainly from our Copenhagen sheep model, on the implications of late gestation malnutrition for growth, development, and metabolic and endocrine functions later in life, and discuss how these implications may depend on the diet fed to the animal in early postnatal life. Our results have indicated that negative implications of foetal malnutrition, both as a result of overnutrition and, particularly, late gestation undernutrition, can impair a wide range of endocrine functions regulating growth and presumably also reproductive traits. These implications are not readily observable early in postnatal life, but are increasingly manifested as the animal approaches adulthood. No intervention or cure is known that can reverse this programming in postnatal life. Our findings suggest that close to normal growth and slaughter results can be obtained at least until puberty in animals which have undergone adverse programming in foetal life, but manifestation of programming effects becomes increasingly evident in adult animals. Due to the risk of transfer of the adverse programming effects to future generations, it is therefore recommended that animals that are suspected to have undergone adverse FP are not used for reproduction. Unfortunately, no reliable biomarkers have as yet been identified that allow accurate identification of adversely programmed offspring at birth, except for very low or high birth weights, and, in pigs, characteristic changes in head shape (dolphin head). Future efforts should be therefore dedicated to identify reliable biomarkers and evaluate their effectiveness for alleviation/reversal of the adverse programming in postnatal life. Our sheep studies have shown that the adverse impacts of an extreme, high-fat diet in early postnatal life, but not prenatal undernutrition, can be largely reversed by dietary correction later in life. Thus, birth (at term) appears to be a critical set point for permanent programming in animals born precocial, such as sheep. Appropriate attention to the nutrition of the late pregnant dam should therefore be a priority in animal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1st floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Current address: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Transgenic Animal and Lipid Storage, Norwegian Transgenic Centre (NTS), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1st floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Inbaraj S, Kundu A, De AK, Sunder J, Sejian V. Seasonal changes in blood biochemical and endocrine responses of different indigenous goat breeds of tropical island agro-ecological environment. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1366723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Portblair, India
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Anandamoy Kundu
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Portblair, India
| | - Arun Kumar De
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Portblair, India
| | - Jai Sunder
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Portblair, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Xu W, Okayama N, Iwasawa A, Yayota M. Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low-quality roughage. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1352-1363. [PMID: 28370901 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early experience with low-quality roughage may induce adaptations in ruminants' metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the variation in the hepatic metabolomes of lambs fed low-quality roughage beginning early in life. Five lambs were fed Sudan grass hay (crude protein (CP): 4.6% of the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, 68.5% of DM) for 6 months during time periods P1, P2 and P3, which consisted of 2 months each. The metabolizable energy (ME) and CP intake satisfied lambs' maintenance requirements in P1 and P2, but the ME intake was 78.5% of the maintenance ME requirement in P3. Liver metabolomics was carried out in P2 and P3 by the capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Eight amino acids and six amino acid metabolism-related metabolites were altered between P2 and P3. Several intermediates of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis decreased, while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate increased in P3. Taurocholic acid and taurine increased, while glycocholic acid decreased in P3. The results suggested that amino acid utilization and the efficiency of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis might be adjusted to accommodate the low-quality roughage fed to the lambs during early stages of life. The composition of bile acids might also be optimized to promote the efficiency of lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xu
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoto Okayama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yayota
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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The effect of maternal nutrition level during the periconception period on fetal muscle development and plasma hormone concentrations in sheep. Animal 2017; 10:1689-96. [PMID: 27641929 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of maternal nutrition level during the periconception period on the muscle development of fetus and maternal-fetal plasma hormone concentrations in sheep were examined. Estrus was synchronized in 55 Karayaka ewes and were either fed ad libitum (well-fed, WF, n=23) or 0.5×maintenance (under-fed, UF, n=32) 6 days before and 7 days after mating. Non-pregnant ewes (WF, n=13; UF, n=24) and ewes carrying twins (WF, n=1) and female (WF, n=1; UF, n=3) fetuses were removed from the experiment. The singleton male fetuses from well-fed (n=8) and under-fed (n=5) ewes were collected on day 90 of gestation and placental characteristics, fetal BWs and dimensions, fetal organs and muscles weights were recorded. Maternal (on day 7 after mating) and fetal (on day 90 of pregnancy) blood samples were collected to analyze plasma hormone concentrations. Placental characteristics, BW and dimensions, organs and muscles weights of fetuses were not affected by maternal feed intake during the periconception period. Maternal nutrition level did not affect fiber numbers and the muscle cross-sectional area of the fetal longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST) muscles, but the cross-sectional area of the secondary fibers in the fetal LD and ST muscles from the UF ewes were higher than those from the WF ewes (P<0.05). Also, the ratio of secondary to primary fibers in the ST muscle were tended to be lower in the fetuses from the UF ewes (P=0.07). Maternal nutrition level during the periconception period did not cause any significant changes in fetal plasma insulin and maternal and fetal plasma IGF-I, cortisol, progesterone, free T3 and T4 concentrations. However, maternal cortisol concentrations were lower while insulin concentrations were higher in the WF ewes than those in the UF ewes (P<0.05). These results indicate that the reduced maternal feed intake during the periconception period may alter muscle fiber diameter without affecting fiber types, fetal weights and organ developments and plasma hormone concentrations in the fetus.
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Moslemipur F, Golzar-Adabi S. Physiological and growth parameters of fattening lambs after shearing under heat-stress conditions. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Shearing is a common practice for lamb hygiene and health, which can also influence the animal survival and productivity in stressful environments. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shearing on performance and some metabolic and physiological parameters of fattening lambs exposed to ambient heat stress. Thirty -two male Dalagh fattening lambs (32.4 ± 5.7 kg), 3.5 ± 0.5 months of age, were selected from a herd existing at the research station of the University of Gonbad Kavoos (temperate mild-latitude zone of Iran). Lambs were divided into two groups, maintained individually and fed with a mixture of alfalfa hay and concentrate with free access to drinking water. One group was completely shorn while the other group was left unshorn, and both groups were reared for 10 weeks (July–Sept.) with mean ambient temperature of 29.3°C. Feed intake and liveweight changes were recorded weekly whereas metabolic parameters were measured daily. Fasting blood samples were collected three times a week and used for blood metabolites and hormone assays. Results showed that shearing has no effects on feed intake and weight gain over the study. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by shearing (10.70 vs 13.26 kg/kg). Shearing also caused a decline in lamb rectal temperature (P < 0.05), whereas heart rate remained unchanged. Respiratory rate was lower in shorn lambs (P < 0.001), whereas blood glucose, urea and total protein levels were not affected. Serum concentrations of thyroxine declined in shorn lambs compared with unshorn lambs (P < 0.05), but cortisol level was unchanged between groups. In conclusion, the study showed that when lambs are kept sheltered under heat stress conditions, shearing appears to induce energy retention via reducing some vital activities such as respiration and heat loss leading to enhanced feed efficiency. The decrease in thyroxine level can be considered as the possible underlying mechanism for the decline observed in rectal temperature.
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El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA, Atta MA. Physiological and lactation responses of Egyptian dairy Baladi goats to natural thermal stress under subtropical environmental conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:61-68. [PMID: 27225437 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of thermal stress on milk production and physiological traits of Baladi goats under subtropical Egyptian conditions. Sixty dairy Baladi goats were exposed to three different levels of temperature-humidity index (THI), including low (less than 70), moderate (over 70 and up to 80), and high levels (over 80). The influence of THI on the milk composition and physiological, hematological, and biochemical traits was investigated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly greater at the higher THI than at low and moderate THI (p = 0.016 and 0.002, respectively). Baladi goats had decreased daily milk yield in a rate of 27.3 and 19.3 % at high THI level, compared with low and moderate THI, respectively (p = 0.031). On the contrary, no significant differences have been reported in protein, fat, and total solids percentages at different THI levels. Total leucocyte count, serum glucose, and total protein were significantly reduced at high THI in comparison with low and moderate THI levels (p = 0.043, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). However, dairy goats maintained relatively stable estimates for erythrocytes count, hemoglobin, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and triiodothyronine at different THI levels. Our results indicate that dairy Baladi goats can tolerate THI levels up to 80; however, variable reduction in milk yield and few biochemical (serum total protein and glucose) and hematological (leucocytes count) parameters have been reported at a THI level higher than 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Zeraa str. 114, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Akram A El-Tarabany
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Atta
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
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Effect of multiple environmental stressors on the adaptive capability of Malpura rams based on physiological responses in a semi-arid tropical environment. J Vet Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zou Y, Hu XM, Zhang T, Wei HK, Zhou YF, Zhou ZX, Peng J. Effects of dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:328-335. [PMID: 27916788 PMCID: PMC5326938 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) and vitamin E
(Vit E) supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs
following transport stress. A total of 288 finishing pigs were randomly assigned to three
groups: a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented either with 200 mg/kg Vit E or 25 mg/kg
OEO. After a 28-day feeding trial, total of 132 finishing pigs according diet and
transport stress were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) control treatment
without transport stress (Control group), 2) control treatment with 5-hr transport stress
(Negative group), 3) Vit E treatment with 5-hr transport stress and 4) OEO treatment with
5-hr transport stress. Transport stress pigs had lower muscle 45 min pH (pHi) and higher
drip loss than control pigs. Dietary OEO and Vit E supplementation significantly increased
45min pH under transport stress, and the OEO groups produced lower 24-hr drip loss values
(P<0.05) than that of pigs from the negative group. The
OEO-supplemented pigs showed decreased serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol
(P<0.05), and decreased Hsp 27 (heat shock protein
27) and Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70) mRNA expression in the muscle
(P<0.05). Additionally, histological analysis revealed intestinal
epithelial damage in transport stress pigs that was reversed by dietary supplementation
with OEO. In conclusion, supplementation with dietary OEO may be superior to
supplementation with dietary Vit E in alleviating the meat quality, stress response and
intestinal morphology of pigs after challenge due to transportation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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66
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Habibu B, Kawu M, Makun H, Aluwong T, Yaqub L. Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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67
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Habibu B, Kawu MU, Aluwong T, Makun HJ. Influence of seasonal changes on physiological variables, haematology and serum thyroid hormones profile in male Red Sokoto and Sahel goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1220384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M. U. Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - T. Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H. J. Makun
- Small Ruminant Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Aleena J, Pragna P, Archana P, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Manimaran A, Beena V, Kurien E, Varma G, Bhatta R. Significance of Metabolic Response in Livestock for Adapting to
Heat Stress Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2016.224.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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69
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Morita VDS, de Almeida VR, Matos JB, Vicentini TI, van den Brand H, Boleli IC. Incubation Temperature during Fetal Development Influences Morphophysiological Characteristics and Preferred Ambient Temperature of Chicken Hatchlings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154928. [PMID: 27183111 PMCID: PMC4868306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and feather characteristics, which play a critical role in body temperature maintenance, can be affected by incubation circumstances, such as incubation temperature. However, no study to date has assessed the influence of incubation temperature during the fetal stage on morphometric characteristics and vascular development of the skin, feather characteristics, and their relationship to hormone levels and preferred temperature in later life in chickens. Broiler breeder eggs were exposed to low (36°C), control (37.5°C), or high (39°C) temperatures (treatments LT, CK, and HT, respectively) from day 13 of incubation onward, because it is known that the endocrine axes are already established at this time. During this period, eggshell temperature of HT eggs (38.8±0.33°C) was higher than of LT (37.4±0.08°C) and CK eggs (37.8 ±0.15°C). The difference between eggshell and incubator air temperature diminished with the increasing incubation temperature, and was approximately zero for HT. HT hatchlings had higher surface temperature on the head, neck, and back, and thinner and more vascularized skin than did CK and LT hatchlings. No differences were found among treatments for body weight, total feather weight, number and length of barbs, barbule length, and plasma T4 concentration. LT hatchlings showed lower plasma T3 and GH, as well as lower T3/T4 ratio and decreased vascularity in the neck, back, and thigh skin compared to CK hatchlings. On the other hand, HT hatchlings had decreased skin thickness and increased vascularity, and preferred a higher ambient temperature compared to CK and HT hatchlings. In addition, for all treatments, surface temperature on the head was higher than of the other body regions. We conclude that changes in skin thickness and vascularity, as well as changes in thyroid and growth hormone levels, are the result of embryonic strategies to cope with higher or lower than normal incubation temperatures. Additionally exposure to increased temperature during incubation is an environmental factor that can exert early-life influence on ambient temperature preference of broiler hatchlings in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane de Souza Morita
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University, Access road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884–900, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosa de Almeida
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University, Access road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884–900, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Batista Matos
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University, Access road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884–900, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Iara Vicentini
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University, Access road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884–900, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Cristina Boleli
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University, Access road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884–900, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Elfers K, Marr I, Wilkens MR, Breves G, Langeheine M, Brehm R, Muscher-Banse AS. Expression of Tight Junction Proteins and Cadherin 17 in the Small Intestine of Young Goats Offered a Reduced N and/or Ca Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154311. [PMID: 27120348 PMCID: PMC4847856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets fed to ruminants should contain nitrogen (N) as low as possible to reduce feed costs and environmental pollution. Though possessing effective N-recycling mechanisms to maintain the N supply for rumen microbial protein synthesis and hence protein supply for the host, an N reduction caused substantial changes in calcium (Ca) and phosphate homeostasis in young goats including decreased intestinal transepithelial Ca absorption as reported for monogastric species. In contrast to the transcellular component of transepithelial Ca transport, the paracellular route has not been investigated in young goats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the effects of dietary N and/or Ca reduction on paracellular transport mechanisms in young goats. Electrophysiological properties of intestinal epithelia were investigated by Ussing chamber experiments. The expression of tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in intestinal epithelia were examined on mRNA level by qPCR and on protein level by western blot analysis. Dietary N reduction led to a segment specific increase in tissue conductances in the proximal jejunum which might be linked to concomitantly decreased expression of cadherin 17 mRNA. Expression of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens protein 1 was increased in mid jejunal epithelia of N reduced fed goats on mRNA and partly on protein level. Reduced dietary Ca supply resulted in a segment specific increase in claudin 2 and claudin 12 expression and decreased the expression of OCLN which might have been mediated at least in part by calcitriol. These data show that dietary N as well as Ca reduction affected expression of TJ and AJ proteins in a segment specific manner in young goats and may thus be involved in modulation of paracellular Ca permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Elfers
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Marr
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirja R. Wilkens
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/122, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/122, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra S. Muscher-Banse
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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71
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OLIVEIRA RPMD, ASSANTE RT, SILVA AF, OLIVEIRA FFD, CRUZ FGG, RUFINO JPF. Avaliação do perfil metabólico em diferentes fases do periparto de ovelhas Santa Inês na Amazônia Ocidental. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a condição metabólica nutricional de ovelhas Santa Inês no período pré-parto e pós-parto, a fim de evitar a toxemia. Foram utilizadas 50 ovelhas adultas da raça Santa Inês criadas sobre a mesma condição de manejo e alimentação, distribuídas em cinco grupos, de acordo com o período de gestação: T -60 (60 dias antes do parto), T-30 (30 a 21 dias antes do parto), T0 (no parto até 4 dias após o parto), T+30 (30 dias após parto) e T+60 (60 dias após o parto). A coleta de sangue foi conduzida pela manhã por venopunção da jugular em dois tubos a vácuo. Foram avaliados os seguintes metabólitos: protéico (proteína total, albumina, globulina e uréia), energético (glicose e ß-hidroxibutirato) e mineral (magnésio (Mg), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P)). Para determinar as diferenças entre as médias foi aplicado o teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações séricas do metabolismo protéico (proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas), mineral (Mg, Ca e P) e energético (glicose) em função das fases experimentais apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05), onde as médias de β-hidroxibutirato mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência para a raça. Nenhuma das fases de gestação apresentou deficiências metabólicas nos aportes proteico e energético em função da dieta e da fase de manejo testada. O mineral cálcio apresentou níveis diminutos ao final da gestação e no inicio da lactação.
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72
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Morita VS, Almeida VR, Matos Junior JB, Vicentini TI, van den Brand H, Boleli IC. Incubation temperature alters thermal preference and response to heat stress of broiler chickens along the rearing phase. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1795-804. [PMID: 26994196 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate whether embryonic temperature manipulation may alter thermal preference throughout the rearing phase of broiler chickens and how this manipulation may affect response to thermal challenge, metabolism, growth rate and feed intake rate. Eggs were exposed to a constant incubation temperature [machine temperatures: 36°C (Low), 37.5°C (Control), and 39°C (High); eggshell temperature of 37.4 ± 0.08°C, 37.8 ± 0.15°C, and 38.8 ± 0.33°C, respectively] from d 13 till hatching. Low treatment chickens showed lower plasma T3 and GH levels at d 1 of age and lower T3 level at d 42 of age compared to the Control treatment. Preferred ambient, rectal temperature, T4 level, growth rate, food intake rate, and response to thermal challenge were not altered in these chickens. On the other hand, High-treatment chickens exhibited high preferred ambient temperature and rectal temperature during the first 2 wk post-hatch, lower plasma T3 level at d 21 and 42 and a delayed increase in respiratory movement in response to thermal challenge compared to the Control treatment. However, chickens subjected to the Control and High treatments did not differ in T4 and GH level and performance. We conclude that exposure to high temperature during late embryonic development has long-lasting effects on the thermoregulatory system of broiler chickens by affecting the heat tolerance of these chickens. Moreover, the preferred ambient temperature of the chickens from heat-treated eggs correspond to those recommended for the strain under study, whereas for the cold-treated and control-chickens it was 1°C below, indicating that incubation temperature might have consequences on the ambient temperature chickens require during the rearing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Morita
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V R Almeida
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B Matos Junior
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T I Vicentini
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I C Boleli
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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73
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Todini L, Salimei E, Malfatti A, Brunetti VL, Fantuz F. Thyroid Hormones in Donkey Blood and Milk: Correlations with Milk Yield and Environmental Temperatures. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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74
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Novoselec J, Antunović Z, Šperanda M, Steiner Z, Šperanda T. Changes of thyroid hormones concentration in blood of sheep depending on age and reproductive status. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Novoselec
- Department of Animal HusbandryUniversity of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zvonko Antunović
- Department of Animal HusbandryUniversity of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Department of Animal HusbandryUniversity of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Steiner
- Department of Animal HusbandryUniversity of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Šperanda
- Department of Animal HusbandryUniversity of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
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Abdelrahman MM, Aljumaah RS, Ayadi M. Selenium and Iodine Status of two Camel Breeds (Camelus Dromedaries) Raised Under Semi Intensive System in Saudi Arabia. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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76
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Lalsangpuii, Ali MA, Devi LI, Behera P, Ralte L. Effect of age and season on the thyroid hormone activity of Mizoram strain female mithun (Bos frontalis). Vet World 2015; 8:1375-8. [PMID: 27047046 PMCID: PMC4774812 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1375-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to generate baseline data on the normal values of the thyroidhormone (TH) activity as well as their correlation with age and season. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples (10 ml) were collected from jugular vein of 30 female mithun's of three different age groups viz. Calves (6 months to 1 year), heifer (1-3 years) and adult (above 3 years) during the three season's viz. Monsoon, winter and spring of a year. The serum was analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) activity. RESULT The result showed a significantly (p<0.05) a higher T3 level in heifers followed by adults and calves and higher T4 level in adults followed by heifers and calves in all the seasons. The TSH level was higher in heifers in all the seasons. The winter season recorded higher level of T3, T4, and TSH as compared to the other seasons of a year. CONCLUSION The TSH and T3 level were the highest for aheifer, whereas T4 level was the highest for adults inall the season. Furthermore, the higher level of TH was observed in winter season. The increased level of the TH during the winter season signifies their calorigenic effect. Similarly in heifers, the increased T3 concentrations show its importance in reproductive physiology and its association with ovarian activity. This indicates that age and season have aprofound effect on TH activity of Mizoram strain female mithun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalsangpuii
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - M Ayub Ali
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - L Inaotombi Devi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences, Mizoram, India
| | - Parthasarathi Behera
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalsanglura Ralte
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences, Mizoram, India
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Yatoo M, Deepa P, Mandal R, Sharma B, Mendiratta S, Patel B, Dimri U. Prevalence of subclinical diabetes in a commercial flock of dairy goats in India and its interaction with milk quality. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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78
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Modulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate transport in young goats fed a nitrogen- and/or calcium-reduced diet. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1949-64. [PMID: 26443238 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500375x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Feeding ruminants a reduced N diet is a common approach to reduce N output based on rumino-hepatic circulation. However, a reduction in N intake caused massive changes in Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) homoeostasis in goats. Although a single dietary Ca reduction stimulated intestinal Ca absorption in a calcitriol-dependent manner, a concomitant reduction of Ca and N supply led to a decrease in calcitriol, and therefore a modulation of intestinal Ca and Pi absorption. The aim of this study was to examine the potential effects of dietary N or Ca reduction separately on intestinal Ca and Pi transport in young goats. Animals were allocated to a control, N-reduced, Ca-reduced or combined N- and Ca-reduced diet for about 6-8 weeks, whereby N content was reduced by 25 % compared with recommendations. In Ussing chamber experiments, intestinal Ca flux rates significantly decreased in goats fed a reduced N diet, whereas Pi flux rates were unaffected. In contrast, a dietary Ca reduction stimulated Ca flux rates and decreased Pi flux rates. The combined dietary N and Ca reduction withdrew the stimulating effect of dietary Ca reduction on Ca flux rates. The expression of Ca-transporting proteins decreased with a reduced N diet too, whereas Pi-transporting proteins were unaffected. In conclusion, a dietary N reduction decreased intestinal Ca transport by diminishing Ca-transporting proteins, which became clear during simultaneous N and Ca reduction. Therefore, N supply in young ruminant nutrition is of special concern for intestinal Ca transport.
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79
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Wronska D. Thyroid gland in vitro activity and reactivity to TRH in newborn lambs. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:67-71. [PMID: 26412522 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the thyroid gland tissue concentration and activity on T4 and T3 in vitro release to the medium without (control) or with TRH (10 μg/ml) for 90 min of incubation in lambs just after birth and after the first 6h of postnatal life. The results obtained show that T4 concentration in the blood plasma in newborn lambs as well after 6h of life is higher than in thyroid gland tissue. In the case of T3 the concentration in blood plasma of lambs just after birth is lower than after 6h of postnatal life. Inversely, the higher level of that hormone concentration in blood plasma just after birth is higher than in the thyroid gland tissue. The results clearly indicate the inhibitory TRH effect on in vitro T4 especially, and in lesser degree T3 release from the thyroid gland tissue of lambs just after birth. Stimulation of the TRH thyroid gland tissue from lambs after 6h of life caused an increase in T4 release, especially after 60 min of the experiment. Similarly, a significant increase of T3 release was found only after 60 min of incubation. The transient promoting TRH effect on the amount of iodothyronine release from the thyroid gland in older lambs is probably connected with this gland's function not occurring before the designated time of postnatal adaptation. The described in vitro experiment visibly shows that changing thyroid gland activity in newborn lambs is not only conditioned by the entire HPT activity, but by the immanent thyroid gland attributes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wronska
- Department of Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Hugo Kollataj Agricultural University in Cracow, Poland.
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80
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Ideal proportion of roughage and concentrate for Malpura ewes to adapt and reproduce in a semi-arid tropical environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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81
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Knowles SO, Grace ND. Serum total iodine concentrations in pasture-fed pregnant ewes and newborn lambs challenged by iodine supplementation and goitrogenic kale1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:425-32. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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82
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Avondo M, Pennisi P, Lanza M, Pagano RI, Valenti B, Di Gregorio P, De Angelis A, Giorgio D, Di Trana A. Effect of the αs1-casein genotype and its interaction with diet degradability on milk production, milk quality, metabolic and endocrinal response of Girgentana goats. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Fazio E, Ferlazzo A, Cravana C, Medica P. Effects of weaning on total and free iodothyronines in lambs. Vet Q 2014; 35:16-20. [PMID: 25506760 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.989624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weaning is a crucial period in the management of lambs, resulting in physiological and mental challenges, that may have prolonged effects on lamb's health and welfare. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of weaning on total and free triiodothyronine (T3, fT3) and thyroxine (T4, fT4) concentrations in serum of lambs by enzyme immunoassay. Animal and methods: The study was performed on two groups of 17 clinically healthy Comisana cross-bred lambs (7 males and 10 females) with or without weaning at 10 weeks of age. Serum samples were collected at the age of 8 weeks, 24 h and 2 weeks after weaning in the experimental group and at similar times in the non-weaned control group. Enzyme immunoassay was performed. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Compared to control animals, weaned animals showed significantly decreased T3 and elevated T4 concentrations two weeks after weaning with higher concentrations in both males and females in contrast to 24 h after weaning. Body weight (BW) was significantly restored in both females (11% increase) and males (6%) two weeks after weaning as compared to 24 h after weaning. No gender effects were shown for total and free iodothyronine changes. Significant positive correlations were observed between BW and T4 concentrations in both females (r = 0.692) and males (r = 0.856), fT3 concentrations in males (r = 0.968) and fT4 concentrations in females (r = 0.862). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Total iodothyronines could represent an indicator of their different metabolic activity with their magnitude altered two weeks following weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fazio
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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84
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Araujo CA, Nikolaus JP, Morgado AA, Monteiro BM, Rodrigues FA, Vechiato TA, Soares PC, Sucupira MC. Perfil energético e hormonal de ovelhas Santa Inês do terço médio da gestação ao pós-parto. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014001200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
No período periparto ocorrem importantes adequações fisiológicas que, se não forem efetivas predispõem a fêmea a enfermidades metabólicas. O conhecimento desta adaptação é relevante para que sejam implementadas, precocemente, medidas preventivas a poupar perdas produtivas. Com este objetivo foi avaliado o perfil energético e hormonal de ovelhas Santa Inês durante a gestação e puerpério. Foram utilizadas 10 ovelhas não gestantes (G0), 10 gestantes de um (G1) e 14 gestantes de dois e três fetos (G2). Foram avaliadas concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), betahidroxibutirato (BHB), e as concentrações séricas de insulina, glucagon, cortisol, triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) a partir do 88º dia de gestação até o 28º dia pós-parto. No terço final de gestação, ovelhas gestantes apresentaram maiores concentrações de AGNE, T3 e T4 que as ovelhas não gestantes. No momento do parto foram observadas maiores concentrações de glicose, AGNE e T3 para todas as ovelhas gestantes em relação às não gestantes. Não houve diferença entre as ovelhas gestantes de um, dois ou três fetos. As diferenças observadas ocorreram apenas entre ovelhas gestantes e as vazias. Portanto, quando há adequada adaptação neste período de elevado desafio metabólico, os parâmetros bioquímicos aqui considerados independem do número de fetos gestados e podem ser considerados como valores de referência para ovelhas gestantes de um feto ou mais fetos do terço médio de gestação ao primeiro mês pós-parto.
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85
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Barnett MC, McFarlane J.R, Hegarty RS. Low ambient temperature elevates plasma triiodothyronine concentrations while reducing digesta mean retention time and methane yield in sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:483-91. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Barnett
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - J .R. McFarlane
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - R. S. Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
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86
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Aghwan ZA, Sazili AQ, Alimon AR, Goh YM, Hilmi M. Blood haematology, serum thyroid hormones and glutathione peroxidase status in kacang goats fed inorganic iodine and selenium supplemented diets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1577-82. [PMID: 25049744 PMCID: PMC4093820 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of selenium (Se), iodine (I), and a combination of both on the blood haematology, serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) hormones and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity were examined on twenty four (7 to 8 months old, 22±1.17 kg live weight) Kacang crossbred male goats. Animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (6 animals in each group). Throughout 100 d of feeding trial, the animals of control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the other three groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg diet DM Se (SS), or 0.6 mg/kg diet DM I (PI), or a combination of both Se and I, each at 0.6 mg/kg diet DM (SSPI). The haematological attributes which are haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), band neutrophils (B Neut), segmented neutrophils (S Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eosin) and basophils (Baso) were similar among the four treatment groups, while serum levels of Se and I increased significantly (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The combined dietary supplementation of Se and I (SSPI) significantly increased serum FT3 in the supplemented animals. Serum GSH-Px activity increased significantly in the animals of SS and SSPI groups. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of inorganic Se and I at a level of 0.6 mg/kg DM increased serum Se and I concentration, FT3 hormone and GSH-Px activity of Kacang crossbred male goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Aghwan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - A Q Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - A R Alimon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Y M Goh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - M Hilmi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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87
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West KL, Ramer J, Brown JL, Sweeney J, Hanahoe EM, Reidarson T, Proudfoot J, Bergfelt DR. Thyroid hormone concentrations in relation to age, sex, pregnancy, and perinatal loss in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 197:73-81. [PMID: 24321177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in relation to age, sex, pregnancy status, and perinatal loss in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under human care. A total of 373 blood samples were collected from 60 individual dolphins housed at nine aquariums/oceanariums. Serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were analyzed with commercial RIA kits validated for use with dolphins. While the effect of age was indicated by higher (P<0.0001) concentrations of total and free T4 and T3 in juveniles than adults, the effect of sex on thyroid hormones was inconclusive. The effect of pregnancy was indicated by higher (P<0.035) total and free T4 and T3 during early pregnancy compared to non-pregnancy. For both successful and unsuccessful pregnancy outcomes, maternal concentrations of thyroid hormones were highest during early, intermediate during mid, and lowest during late pregnancy (P<0.07 to P<0.0001). Compared to live and thriving births, concentrations of total and free T4 and total T3 were lower (P<0.08 to P<0.001) in dolphins with perinatal loss. Lower concentrations ranged from 10% to 14% during early, 11% to 18% during mid, and 23% to 37% during late pregnancy. In conclusion, the effects of age, reproductive status and stage of pregnancy on thyroid hormone concentrations are necessary factors to take into account when assessing thyroid gland function. Since perinatal loss may be associated with hypothyroidism in dolphins, analysis of serum T4 and T3 should be considered for those dolphins that have a history of pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L West
- Hawaii Pacific University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Kaneohe, HI 96744, United States.
| | - Jan Ramer
- Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W. Washington St., PO Box 22309, Indianapolis, IN 46222, United States.
| | - Janine L Brown
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States.
| | - Jay Sweeney
- Quest Global Management/Dolphin Quest, 4467 Saratoga Ave., San Diego, CA 92107, United States.
| | - Erin M Hanahoe
- Dolphin Quest Hawaii, Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, HI 96738, United States.
| | - Tom Reidarson
- Sea World of California, San Diego, CA 92109, United States.
| | - Jeffry Proudfoot
- Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W. Washington St., PO Box 22309, Indianapolis, IN 46222, United States.
| | - Don R Bergfelt
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, United States.
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88
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Omidi A, Sajedi Z, Montazer Torbati MB, Ansari Nik H. Lipid profile and thyroid hormone status in the last trimester of pregnancy in single-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:609-14. [PMID: 24429808 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lipid metabolism have been shown to occur during pregnancy. The thyroid hormones affect lipid metabolism. The present study was carried out to find out whether the last trimester of pregnancy affects thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid, and lipoprotein profile in healthy dromedary camels. Twenty clinical healthy dromedary camels aged between 4-5 years were divided into two equal groups: (1) pregnant camels in their last trimester of pregnancy and (2) non-pregnant age-matched controls. Thyroid function tests were carried out by measuring serum levels of TSH, free thyroxin (fT4), total thyroxin (T4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and total triiodothyronine (T3) by commercially available radio immunoassay kits. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were analyzed using enzymatic/spectrophotometric methods while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and total lipid (TL) were calculated using Friedewald's and Raylander's formula, respectively. Serum levels of TSH and thyroid hormones except fT4 did not show any significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant camels. fT4 level was lower in the pregnant camels (P < 0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and VLDL did not show significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant camels. All of these variables in pregnant camels were higher than non-pregnant. Based on the results of this study, the fetus load may not alter the thyroid status of the camel and the concentrations of thyroid hormones were not correlated with TSH and lipid profile levels in the healthy pregnant camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran,
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89
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Livesey CT, Payne JH, Sayers AR, Whitaker DA, Burrough E, Macrae AI. Thyroxine concentrations in ruminant health monitoring and diagnostic blood samples. Vet Rec 2014; 174:47. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Livesey
- Chris Livesey Consulting; Givendale House Leppington Malton YO17 9RL UK
| | - J. H. Payne
- AHVLA Sutton Bonington; The Elms Sutton Bonington Loughborough LE12 5RB UK
| | - A. R. Sayers
- AHVLA Weybridge; Woodham Lane, New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - D. A. Whitaker
- Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; EBVC, Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - E. Burrough
- Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; EBVC, Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - A. I. Macrae
- Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; EBVC, Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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90
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Samara EM, Okab AB, Abdoun KA, El-Waziry AM, Al-Haidary AA. Subsequent influences of feeding intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca to growing lambs on the seminal and testicular characteristics in rams. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5654-67. [PMID: 24146153 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to investigate the subsequent influences of supplementing different levels of intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca (0%, 3%, and 5% DM) to growing sexually immature lambs during the growth period (74 d) on the seminal and testicular characteristics of sexually mature rams. Ulva lactuca was manually collected, adequately prepared, and then incorporated into lambs' diets. Eighteen male 3-mo-old lambs of the Awassi breed with a mean BW of 22.57 kg (SD = 1.08) were randomly assigned into treatments. The obtained results indicate that offering Ulva lactuca at the level of 3% or 5% DM to lambs during the growth period had no subsequent impacts (P > 0.05) on liver and kidney functions as well as blood water balance in rams, thereby suggesting that Ulva lactuca can be safely supplemented to lambs during growing. However, our findings point out that feeding a lamb diet supplemented with intact Ulva lactuca failed to demonstrate any subsequent benefit (P > 0.05) on the growth performance, thermoregulatory responses, and plasma oxidative status in rams. Above all, it was clearly evident that supplementing intact Ulva lactuca to lambs had demonstrated subsequent negative influences (P < 0.05) on seminal and testicular characteristics of rams, more noticeably observed at the 5% DM inclusion rate than at 3%. These results were manifested by the inferior (P < 0.05) seminal quality, reduced (P < 0.05) testicular morphometry, changes (P < 0.05) in testicular histopathology, defective (P < 0.05) endocrine signaling, and increased (P < 0.05) seminal oxidative stress in rams fed diets supplemented with Ulva lactuca during the growth period compared to control rams. The deleterious impacts of feeding intact Ulva lactuca on spermatogenesis and germ cell loss were proven to be attributed to the dysfunction of Sertoli cells. Collectively, these results provide novel insights on the subsequent influences of dietary supplementation of intact Ulva lactuca to lambs. The consistent evidence of profound negative impacts on seminal and testicular characteristics as well as the resulting data of no improvement of subsequent growth, thermoregulation, and plasma oxidative status in rams prompts us to tentatively recommend the avoidance of feeding intact Ulva lactuca to lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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91
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Effect of melatonin administration on thyroid hormones, cortisol and expression profile of heat shock proteins in goats (Capra hircus) exposed to heat stress. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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92
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Bonanno A, Di Grigoli A, Di Trana A, Di Gregorio P, Tornambè G, Bellina V, Claps S, Maggio G, Todaro M. Influence of fresh forage-based diets and αs₁-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on nutrient intake and productive, metabolic, and hormonal responses in milking goats. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2107-2117. [PMID: 23403186 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism at the αS1-casein locus (CSN1S1) in goats influences several milk production traits. Milk from goats carrying strong alleles, which are associated with high αS1-casein (αS1-CN) synthesis, has higher fat and casein contents, longer coagulation time and higher curd firmness than milk from goats with weak alleles linked to low αS1-CN content. Nutrition also affects these milk properties; therefore, it is important to better understand the interaction between dietary characteristics and the CSN1S1 genotype in goats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fresh forage based diet or energy supplement on feeding behavior, milk production, and metabolic and hormonal parameters of Girgentana goats with different genotypes at CSN1S1 loci. From a group of goats genotyped by PCR at the DNA level, 12 were selected because they had the same genotype for αS2-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN but a different genotype for αS1-CN: 6 were homozygous for strong alleles at the CSN1S1 loci (AA) and 6 were heterozygous for a weak allele (AF). Goats of each genotype were allocated to 3 subgroups and fed 3 diets ad libitum in a 3×3 Latin square design. The diets were sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) fresh forage, sulla fresh forage plus 800 g/d of barley meal (SFB), and mixed hay plus 800 g/d of barley meal (MHB). Diet had a stronger effect than CSN1S1 genotype. The SFB diet led to the highest energy intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and milk yield. The fresh forage diets (SFF and SFB) increased DM and crude protein (CP) intake, CP digestibility, and milk CN compared with the MHB diet. The diets supplemented with energy (SFB, MHB) reduced milk fat and urea, improved CP utilization for casein synthesis, and limited body fat mobilization, in accordance with a lower level of nonesterified fatty acids and higher levels of glucose and IGF-1. With regard to CSN1S1 genotype, AA goats showed higher CP digestibility and lower free thyroxine hormone and cholesterol levels than AF goats. Significant diet × genotype interactions indicated how AA goats, compared with AF goats, showed higher DM digestibility and milk yield when fed the SFB diet, which had more energy. A reduction in free triiodothyronine hormone occurred in AF goats fed the MHB diet, whereas no differences were observed in AA goats. These results demonstrate how goats with a higher capacity for αS1-CN synthesis exhibit more efficient energy and protein utilization, evident at the digestive level, and better productive responses to high-nutrition diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanno
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Di Grigoli
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Di Trana
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - P Di Gregorio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - G Tornambè
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - V Bellina
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - S Claps
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura - Unità di ricerca per la zootecnia estensiva (Bella PZ),Via Appia, Bella Scalo 85054, Muro Lucano, Italy
| | - G Maggio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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93
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Effect of dietary iodine on thyroid hormones and energy blood metabolites in lactating goats. Animal 2013; 7:60-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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94
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Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Cavaleri S, Ferlazzo A. Effect of temperament and prolonged transportation on endocrine and functional variables in young beef bulls. Vet Rec 2012; 171:644. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Fazio
- Associate professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - P. Medica
- Equine Physiology; Department of Morphology; Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - C. Cravana
- Equine Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - S. Cavaleri
- Biochemistry, Full professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - A. Ferlazzo
- Biochemistry, Full professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
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95
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Sejian V, Maurya VP, Kumar K, Naqvi SMK. Effect of multiple stresses on growth and adaptive capability of Malpura ewes under semi-arid tropical environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:107-16. [PMID: 23011669 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the adaptive capability of Malpura ewes in terms of changes in physiological mechanisms and blood biochemical changes. The study was conducted for a period of 35 days covering two estrous cycles during summer season (April-May). The ewes were randomly allocated into two groups of 12 animals each, viz., GI (n = 12; control) and GII (n = 12; multiple stresses). GI ewes were maintained in the shed while GII ewes were subjected to multiple stresses. GI ewes were maintained in shed while GII ewes were subjected to heat stress by exposing them to 32-44 °C (average 42 °C) and RH of 12-26 % for 6 h from 10:00 to 16:00 h in natural environment. GI ewes were provided with ad libitum feeding while GII ewes were provided with restricted feed (30 % of intake of GI ewes) to induce nutritional stress. Further, GII ewes were subjected to walking stress by forcing them to walk 14 km in two spans between 9:00 and 10:30 h and 15:00 and 16:30 h. Blood collection was done at weekly intervals. Multiple stresses significantly (P < 0.01) affected body weight, respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, sweating rate, tri-iodo-thyronine, thyroxine, cortisol, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, glucose, and total protein. The findings from this experiment provide useful information to understand the ideal nutrient requirement for these animals to adapt to such stresses in the semi-arid tropical environment without compromising production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Sejian
- Adaptation Physiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology & Biochemistry, Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Via-Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India.
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96
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Rose M, Pearson S, Cratchley T. Effect of iodine, selenium and cobalt rumen boluses given to dry dairy cows on the immunoglobulin and thyroid hormone status of calves. Anim Sci J 2012; 83:543-8. [PMID: 22776792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effect of rumen boluses containing 6800 mg iodine, 1000 mg selenium and 1000 mg cobalt given to dry dairy cows on the efficiency of colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) absorption in calves. Thirteen cows received the bolus approximately 58 days before calving. A further 12 cows received no bolus and were used as controls. The cows were housed as one group. Calves were prevented from suckling for the first 24 h of life, and were given three feeds of a fixed quantity of colostrum. At 24 h, the average plasma concentrations of IgG in the calves were 15.5 and 13.4 g/L for the control and bolus groups, respectively; these were not significantly different (P = 0.212). Bolus treatment was associated with higher levels of free and total tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the dams (all P < 0.001), although it had no effect on thyroid hormone levels in the calves. There were nevertheless positive and negative relationships between the efficiency with which colostral IgG was absorbed at 24 h and, respectively, total T3 at 24 h (P < 0.05) and total T4 at 1 h of age (P < 0.05). The underlying basis for these relationships remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rose
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK.
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97
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Köhler M, Marín-Moratalla N, Jordana X, Aanes R. Seasonal bone growth and physiology in endotherms shed light on dinosaur physiology. Nature 2012; 487:358-61. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Thyroid hormones in milk and blood of lactating donkeys as affected by stage of lactation and dietary supplementation with trace elements. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:232-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The traditional utilization of donkeys (Equus asinus) as dairy animals has recently attracted substantial scientific interest with regard to human nutrition. Donkey milk is well tolerated by infants with cows’ milk allergy, useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases, in the prevention of atherosclerosis, and in-vitro studies showed an anti-proliferative effect. Active 3-3′-5-triiodothyronine (T3) in colostrum and milk could play different physiological roles, systemic and paracrine, for both the mother and the suckling offspring. The aim was to evaluate whether thyroid hormones (TH) concentrations in milk and blood of lactating donkeys change with the advancing lactation and whether they can be affected by dietary supplementation with several trace elements, some of them directly involved with TH synthesis (I), metabolism (Se) and action (Zn). Sixteen lactating jennies were divided into two groups (CTL and TE). Mixed feed for TE was added with Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, I, Se and Co. Every 2 weeks milk and blood samples were collected at 11·00. Total concentrations of T3 in milk (T3M) and T3 and T4 in plasma (T3P and T4P) were assayed using ELISA kits, validated for the donkey species. T3M was not correlated with TH concentrations in blood, did not change with the stage of lactation, and was significantly higher in TE (4·09±0·07 ng/ml, mean±se) than in CTL group (3·89±0·08 ng/ml). T4P (81·8±5·2 ng/ml) and T3P (15·2±1 ng/ml) significantly changed with time, but were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. T3P/T4P ratio was significantly lower in TE group. This study indicates that in donkey milk the concentration of T3, a human-like bioactive compound, can be affected by trace elements intake.
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99
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Acuti G, Todini L, Malfatti A, Antonini M, Barbato O, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Effects of field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) dietary supplementation on plasma thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and mohair characteristics in growing Angora goat kids. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 93:456-66. [PMID: 18484965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two Angora kids were used to study the effect of a dietary supplementation with field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) on hair follicle activity, mohair characteristics and plasma total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. At birth, their mothers were divided in two groups (S: supplemented, C: control), the S group being supplemented with 300 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, diet of kids from S group was supplemented with 80 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, secondary hair follicle activity (S: 0.91 ± 0.01, C: 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) and staple length (S: 5.82 ± 0.13 cm, C: 5.16 ± 0.14 cm, p < 0.001) were greater in the S group. At 155 days of age, secondary fibre diameter (S: 16.54 ± 0.35 μm, C: 18.09 ± 0.31 μm, p < 0.01) was higher in the C kids. Concentrations of total plasma T4 and T3 were higher (p < 0.001) in S (120 ± 12 and 4.87 ± 0.92 ng/ml respectively) than in C kids (92 ± 8 and 2.97 ± 0.77 ng/ml respectively). At weaning, T4 values were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary fibre diameter and the T3/T4 ratio was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary to primary hair follicle ratio. At 155 days of age, both T3 and T3/T4 values were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with staple length. Plasma INS (0.11 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and total IGF-1 concentrations (232 ± 13 ng/ml) were not affected by diet. Improvements of diet quality in kids positively affected fibre diameter and length and follicle activity rate. We suggest that increased circulating thyroid hormones concentrations, but not those of INS and IGF-1, may contribute to the beneficial actions of nutritional supplementation on anatomical growth and mohair production of kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Acuti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Universita` degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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100
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Lehoczki R, Erdélyi K, Sonkoly K, Szemethy L, Csányi S. Iodine distribution in the environment as a limiting factor for roe deer antler development. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:168-76. [PMID: 20195916 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The iodine-containing hormones produced by the thyroid gland play a role in the complex neuro-hormonal regulation of antler development. The proper function of the thyroid depends on the adequate iodine supply of the organism, which is directly related to the iodine content of food and drinking water. The purpose of this study was to explore the connection between the iodine content of the water base, which has a strong correlation with the iodine concentration of environmental components available to animals, and the antler weight of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) shot in Hungarian hunting areas. Using a general linear model, controlling for the collective effects of other environmental factors (deer population density, harvest rate, land use, and soil fertility information), the iodine content of the water base explained 51.4% of the total variance of antler weights. The results suggest that antler weights increase with increasing iodine concentration regardless of other factors; thus, the environmental iodine distribution can be a limiting factor suppressing roe deer performance assessed here as antler weight. Further experimental studies of controlled iodine uptake are needed to define the exact physiological iodine requirements of roe deer bucks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Lehoczki
- Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, 2103 Gödöllő, Hungary.
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