51
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Ai Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Xie R, Liang Q. Recent progress in lab-on-a-chip for pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacological/toxicological test. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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52
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Tian C, Tu Q, Liu W, Wang J. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for organ-on-a-chip. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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53
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Kennedy R, Kuvshinov D, Sdrolia A, Kuvshinova E, Hilton K, Crank S, Beavis AW, Green V, Greenman J. A patient tumour-on-a-chip system for personalised investigation of radiotherapy based treatment regimens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6327. [PMID: 31004114 PMCID: PMC6474873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of personalised cancer models to predict response to radiation would benefit patient care; particularly in malignancies where treatment resistance is prevalent. Herein, a robust, easy to use, tumour-on-a-chip platform which maintains precision cut head and neck cancer for the purpose of ex vivo irradiation is described. The device utilises sintered discs to separate the biopsy and medium, mimicking in vivo microvascular flow and diffusion, maintaining tissue viability for 68 h. Integrity of tissues is demonstrated by the low levels of lactate dehydrogenase release and retained histology, accompanied by assessment of cell viability by trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry; fluid dynamic modelling validates culture conditions. An irradiation jig is described for reproducible delivery of clinically-relevant doses (5 × 2 Gy) to newly-presenting primary tumours (n = 12); the addition of concurrent cisplatin is also investigated (n = 8) with response analysed by immunohistochemistry. Fractionated irradiation reduced proliferation (BrdU, p = 0.0064), increased DNA damage (ƴH2AX, p = 0.0043) and caspase-dependent apoptosis (caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18) compared to control; caspase-dependent apoptosis was further increased by concurrent cisplatin compared to control (p = 0.0063). This is a proof of principle study showing the response of cancer tissue to irradiation ex vivo in a bespoke system. The novel platform described has the potential to personalise treatment for patients in a cost-effective manner with applicability to any solid tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kennedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK
| | - D Kuvshinov
- School of Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK
| | - A Sdrolia
- Department of Medical Physics, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - E Kuvshinova
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Hilton
- Department of Medical Physics, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - S Crank
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - A W Beavis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK
- Department of Medical Physics, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
- Faculty of Health and Well Being, Sheffield-Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Green
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK
| | - J Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK.
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54
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Cui P, Wang S. Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:238-247. [PMID: 31452961 PMCID: PMC6704040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and discusses the potential future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
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55
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Mittal R, Woo FW, Castro CS, Cohen MA, Karanxha J, Mittal J, Chhibber T, Jhaveri VM. Organ‐on‐chip models: Implications in drug discovery and clinical applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8352-8380. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Frank W. Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Carlo S. Castro
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Madeline A. Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Joana Karanxha
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Tanya Chhibber
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Vasanti M. Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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56
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Lu S, Cuzzucoli F, Jiang J, Liang LG, Wang Y, Kong M, Zhao X, Cui W, Li J, Wang S. Development of a biomimetic liver tumor-on-a-chip model based on decellularized liver matrix for toxicity testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3379-3392. [PMID: 30298144 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00852c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer poses a great health threat to both developed and developing countries, and anti-cancer drugs are of important interest for improved clinical outcomes. Although tumor-on-a-chip technologies offer a feasible approach to screening drug toxicity, their capability to mimic the native tumor microenvironment (TME) is still limited. For better mimicry of the TME, we developed a biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) liver tumor-on-a-chip with the integration of essential components derived from decellularized liver matrix (DLM) with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) in a microfluidics-based 3D dynamic cell culture system. The biomimetic liver tumor-on-a-chip based on the integration of DLM components with GelMA, as opposed to GelMA only, had an increased capability to maintain cell viability and to enhance hepatocyte functions under flow conditions. The improved performance of the DLM-GelMA-based tumor-on-a-chip may be attributed to the provision of biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors), the preservation of scaffold proteins, and the reestablishment of biophysical cues (e.g., stiffness and shear stress) for better recapitulation of the 3D liver TME. Furthermore, this DLM-GelMA-based tumor-on-a-chip exhibited linear dose-dependent drug responses to the toxicity of acetaminophen and sorafenib. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the DLM-GelMA-based biomimetic liver tumor-on-a-chip better mimics the in vivo TME and holds great promise for a breadth of pathological and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
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57
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Mi S, Li B, Yi X, Xu Y, Du Z, Yang S, Li W, Sun W. An AC electrothermal self-circulating system with a minimalist process to construct a biomimetic liver lobule model for drug testing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36987-36998. [PMID: 35557806 PMCID: PMC9089443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-on-chip, due to its precision and low cost for constructing in vitro models, has tremendous potential for drug toxicity testing and pathological studies. By applying APAP (acetaminophen) treatment of different concentrations, a dynamic self-circulating liver lobule model for drug testing was proven useful for emulating the human physiological system. However, the demand for a dynamic system of on-chip organs is difficult to fulfil due to the relatively cumbersome fabrication processes. In this paper, the design and fabrication of an AC electrothermal self-circulating system combined with a 3D biomimetic liver lobule is described. The system was fabricated using a low-cost ITO laser etching process within a few seconds. A large number of interdigital electrodes were arranged in a limited space to increase the fluid flow-driven efficiency. The liver lobule consists of two parts, a hepatocyte cell-laden layer and an endothelial layer, which exhibit a sandwich radial shaped pattern that is more bionic in structure and function. By evaluating the velocity and temperature in the self-circulating system at various voltages and frequencies, we obtained a set of reliable input parameters to provide an adequate supply of culture fluid without cell damage. The metabolism of the liver lobule in dynamic culture and static culture was compared based on cell viability, albumin secretion and urea synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Baihan Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Xiaoman Yi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Shuaitao Yang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Tsinghua University Beijing China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen P. R. China
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58
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Ortega-Ribera M, Fernández-Iglesias A, Illa X, Moya A, Molina V, Maeso-Díaz R, Fondevila C, Peralta C, Bosch J, Villa R, Gracia-Sancho J. Resemblance of the human liver sinusoid in a fluidic device with biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2585-2594. [PMID: 29940068 PMCID: PMC6220781 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the complex phenotype of primary hepatocytes in vitro represents a limitation for developing liver support systems and reliable tools for biomedical research and drug screening. We herein aimed at developing a biosystem able to preserve human and rodent hepatocytes phenotype in vitro based on the main characteristics of the liver sinusoid: unique cellular architecture, endothelial biodynamic stimulation, and parenchymal zonation. Primary hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) were isolated from control and cirrhotic human or control rat livers and cultured in conventional in vitro platforms or within our liver‐resembling device. Hepatocytes phenotype, function, and response to hepatotoxic drugs were analyzed. Results evidenced that mimicking the in vivo sinusoidal environment within our biosystem, primary human and rat hepatocytes cocultured with functional LSEC maintained morphology and showed high albumin and urea production, enhanced cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 (CYP3A4) activity, and maintained expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (hnf4α) and transporters, showing delayed hepatocyte dedifferentiation. In addition, differentiated hepatocytes cultured within this liver‐resembling device responded to acute treatment with known hepatotoxic drugs significantly different from those seen in conventional culture platforms. In conclusion, this study describes a new bioengineered device that mimics the human sinusoid in vitro, representing a novel method to study liver diseases and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Applications Group (GAB), Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Biomedical Applications Group (GAB), Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moya
- Biomedical Applications Group (GAB), Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Molina
- Liver Surgery and Transplantation Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Liver Surgery and Transplantation Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Protective Strategies Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Villa
- Biomedical Applications Group (GAB), Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
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59
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Ugolini GS, Visone R, Cruz-Moreira D, Mainardi A, Rasponi M. Generation of functional cardiac microtissues in a beating heart-on-a-chip. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 146:69-84. [PMID: 30037467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing attention on cardiovascular disorders and the current inability of pre-clinical models to accurately predict human physiology, the need for advanced and reliable heart in vitro models is paramount. Microfabrication technologies provide potential solutions in the organs-on-chip systems: microengineered devices where cell cultures can be hosted and cultured to develop three-dimensional models or microtissues with high similarity to human physiology. We here described the fabrication and operation procedures for a beating heart-on-a-chip. The device features a culture region for a 3D cardiac microtissue and a system for applying tuned mechanical stimulation during culture to improve cardiac development. We additionally describe procedures for characterizing tissue maturation via immunofluorescence and functional evaluations of microtissue contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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60
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Yang W, Chen Q, Xia R, Zhang Y, Shuai L, Lai J, You X, Jiang Y, Bie P, Zhang L, Zhang H, Bai L. A novel bioscaffold with naturally-occurring extracellular matrix promotes hepatocyte survival and vessel patency in mouse models of heterologous transplantation. Biomaterials 2018; 177:52-66. [PMID: 29885586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naïve decellularized liver scaffold (nDLS)-based tissue engineering has been impaired by the lack of a suitable extracellular matrix (ECM) to provide "active micro-environmental" support. AIM The present study aimed to examine whether a novel, regenerative DLS (rDLS) with an active ECM improves primary hepatocyte survival and prevents thrombosis. METHODS rDLS was obtained from a 30-55% partial hepatectomy that was maintained in vivo for 3-5 days and then perfused with detergent in vitro. Compared to nDLS generated from normal livers, rDLS possesses bioactive molecules due to the regenerative period in vivo. Primary mouse hepatocyte survival was evaluated by staining for Ki-67 and Trypan blue exclusion. Thrombosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ex vivo diluted whole-blood perfusion. Hemocompatibility was determined by near-infrared laser-Doppler flowmetry and heterotopic transplantation. RESULTS After recellularization, rDLS contained more Ki-67-positive primary hepatocytes than nDLS. rDLS had a higher oxygen saturation and blood flow velocity and a lower expression of integrin αIIb and α4 than nDLS. Tumor necrosis factor-α, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β were highly expressed throughout the rDLS, whereas expression of collagen-I, collagen-IV and thrombopoietin were lower in rDLS than in nDLS. Improved blood vessel patency was observed in rDLS both in vitro and in vivo. The results in mice were confirmed in large animals (pigs). CONCLUSION rDLS is an effective DLS with an "active microenvironment" that supports primary hepatocyte survival and promotes blood vessel patency. This is the first study to demonstrate a rDLS with a blood microvessel network that promotes hepatocyte survival and resists thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Quanyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Renpei Xia
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiejuan Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaolin You
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Bie
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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61
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Freyer N, Greuel S, Knöspel F, Gerstmann F, Storch L, Damm G, Seehofer D, Foster Harris J, Iyer R, Schubert F, Zeilinger K. Microscale 3D Liver Bioreactor for In Vitro Hepatotoxicity Testing under Perfusion Conditions. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010024. [PMID: 29543727 PMCID: PMC5874890 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate prediction of hepatotoxicity demands validated human in vitro models that can close the gap between preclinical animal studies and clinical trials. In this study we investigated the response of primary human liver cells to toxic drug exposure in a perfused microscale 3D liver bioreactor. The cellularized bioreactors were treated with 5, 10, or 30 mM acetaminophen (APAP) used as a reference substance. Lactate production significantly decreased upon treatment with 30 mM APAP (p < 0.05) and ammonia release significantly increased in bioreactors treated with 10 or 30 mM APAP (p < 0.0001), indicating APAP-induced dose-dependent toxicity. The release of prostaglandin E2 showed a significant increase at 30 mM APAP (p < 0.05), suggesting an inflammatory reaction towards enhanced cellular stress. The expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, antioxidant reactions, urea synthesis, and apoptosis was differentially influenced by APAP exposure. Histological examinations revealed that primary human liver cells in untreated control bioreactors were reorganized in tissue-like cell aggregates. These aggregates were partly disintegrated upon APAP treatment, lacking expression of hepatocyte-specific proteins and transporters. In conclusion, our results validate the suitability of the microscale 3D liver bioreactor to detect hepatotoxic effects of drugs in vitro under perfusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Freyer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Selina Greuel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fanny Knöspel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Gerstmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisa Storch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Rashi Iyer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | | | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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62
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Mi S, Yi X, Du Z, Xu Y, Sun W. Construction of a liver sinusoid based on the laminar flow on chip and self-assembly of endothelial cells. Biofabrication 2018; 10:025010. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaa97e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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63
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Macdonald NP, Menachery A, Reboud J, Cooper JM. Creating tissue on chip constructs in microtitre plates for drug discovery. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9603-9610. [PMID: 35540822 PMCID: PMC9078682 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00849c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report upon a novel coplanar dielectrophoresis (DEP) based cell patterning system for generating transferrable hepatic cell constructs, resembling a liver-lobule, in culture. The use of paper reinforced gel substrates provided sufficient strength to enable these constructs to be transfered into 96-well plates for long term functional studies, including in the future, drug development studies. Experimental results showed that hepatic cells formed DEP field-induced structures corresponding to an array of lobule-mimetic patterns. Hepatic viability was observed over a period of 3 days by the use of a fluorescent cell staining technique, whilst the liver specific functionality of albumin secretion showed a significant enhancement due to the layer patterning of cell lines (HepG2/C3A), compared to 2D patterned cells and un-patterned control. This “build and transfer” concept could, in future, also be adapted for the layer-by-layer construction of organs-on-chip in microtitre formats. We report upon a novel coplanar dielectrophoresis (DEP) based cell patterning system for generating transferrable hepatic cell constructs, resembling a liver-lobule, in culture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- N. P. Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology
- University of Tasmania
| | - A. Menachery
- The Advanced Microfluidics and Microdevices Laboratory (AMMLab)
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- UAE
| | - J. Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - J. M. Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
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Lee SH, Sung JH. Organ-on-a-Chip Technology for Reproducing Multiorgan Physiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28945001 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the drug development process, the accurate prediction of drug efficacy and toxicity is important in order to reduce the cost, labor, and effort involved. For this purpose, conventional 2D cell culture models are used in the early phase of drug development. However, the differences between the in vitro and the in vivo systems have caused the failure of drugs in the later phase of the drug-development process. Therefore, there is a need for a novel in vitro model system that can provide accurate information for evaluating the drug efficacy and toxicity through a closer recapitulation of the in vivo system. Recently, the idea of using microtechnology for mimicking the microscale tissue environment has become widespread, leading to the development of "organ-on-a-chip." Furthermore, the system is further developed for realizing a multiorgan model for mimicking interactions between multiple organs. These advancements are still ongoing and are aimed at ultimately developing "body-on-a-chip" or "human-on-a-chip" devices for predicting the response of the whole body. This review summarizes recently developed organ-on-a-chip technologies, and their applications for reproducing multiorgan functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hongik University; Seoul 04066 Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Zhao X, Liang L, Li J, Demirci U, Wang S. A decade of progress in liver regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2017; 157:161-176. [PMID: 29274550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases can be caused by viral infection, metabolic disorder, alcohol consumption, carcinoma or injury, chronically progressing to end-stage liver disease or rapidly resulting in acute liver failure. In either situation, liver transplantation is most often sought for life saving, which is, however, significantly limited by severe shortage of organ donors. Until now, tremendous multi-disciplinary efforts have been dedicated to liver regenerative medicine, aiming at providing transplantable cells, microtissues, or bioengineered whole liver via tissue engineering, or maintaining partial liver functions via extracorporeal support. In both directions, new compatible biomaterials, stem cell sources, and bioengineering approaches have fast-forwarded liver regenerative medicine towards potential clinical applications. Another important progress in this field is the development of liver-on-a-chip technologies, which enable tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug testing under biomimetic extracellular conditions. In this review, we aim to highlight the last decade's progress in liver regenerative medicine from liver tissue engineering, bioartificial liver devices (BAL), to liver-on-a-chip platforms, and then to present challenges ahead for further advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liguo Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering (By courtesy), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - ShuQi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, China; Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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66
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Gural N, Mancio-Silva L, He J, Bhatia SN. Engineered Livers for Infectious Diseases. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5:131-144. [PMID: 29322086 PMCID: PMC5756057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered liver systems come in a variety of platform models, from 2-dimensional cocultures of primary human hepatocytes and stem cell-derived progeny, to 3-dimensional organoids and humanized mice. Because of the species-specificity of many human hepatropic pathogens, these engineered systems have been essential tools for biologic discovery and therapeutic agent development in the context of liver-dependent infectious diseases. Although improvement of existing models is always beneficial, and the addition of a robust immune component is a particular need, at present, considerable progress has been made using this combination of research platforms. We highlight advances in the study of hepatitis B and C viruses and malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites, and underscore the importance of pairing the most appropriate model system and readout modality with the particular experimental question at hand, without always requiring a platform that recapitulates human physiology in its entirety.
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Key Words
- 2D, 2-dimensional
- 3D
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- EBOV, Ebola virus
- Falciparum
- HBC, hepatitis C virus
- HBV
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCV
- HLC, hepatocyte-like cells
- Hepatotropic
- LASV, Lassa virus
- Liver
- Liver Models
- MPCC, micropatterned coculture system
- Malaria
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Pathogen
- SACC, self-assembling coculture
- Vivax
- iHLC, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived hepatocyte-like cells
- in vitro
- in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Gural
- Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts,Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jiang He
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer, Research at MIT, Building 76, Room 473, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
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67
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Lin L, Lin X, Lin L, Feng Q, Kitamori T, Lin JM, Sun J. Integrated Microfluidic Platform with Multiple Functions To Probe Tumor-Endothelial Cell Interaction. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10037-10044. [PMID: 28820578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between tumor and endothelial cells could affect tumor growth and progression and induce drug resistance during cancer therapy. Investigation of tumor-endothelial cell interaction involves cell coculture, protein detection, and analysis of drug metabolites, which are complicated and time-consuming. In this work, we present an integrated microfluidic device with three individual components (cell coculture component, protein detection component, and pretreatment component for drug metabolites) to probe the interaction between tumor and endothelial cells. Cocultured cervical carcinoma cells (CaSki cells) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show higher resistance to chemotherapeutic agents than single-cultured cells, indicated by higher cell viability, increased expression of angiogenic proteins, and elevated level of paclitaxel metabolites under coculture conditions. This integrated microfluidic platform with multiple functions facilitates understanding of the interaction between tumor and endothelial cells, and it may become a promising tool for drug screening within an engineered tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexia Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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68
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Bower R, Green VL, Kuvshinova E, Kuvshinov D, Karsai L, Crank ST, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Maintenance of head and neck tumor on-chip: gateway to personalized treatment? Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO174. [PMID: 28670466 PMCID: PMC5481812 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are solid tumors with low overall survival (40-60%). In a move toward personalized medicine, maintenance of tumor biopsies in microfluidic tissue culture devices is being developed. METHODOLOGY/RESULTS HNSCC (n = 15) was dissected (5-10 mg) and either analyzed immediately or cultured in a microfluidic device (37°C) for 48 h. No difference was observed in morphology between pre- and postculture specimens. Dissociated samples were analyzed using trypan blue exclusion (viability), propidium iodide flow cytometry (death) and MTS assay (proliferation) with no significant difference observed highlighting tissue maintenance. Computational fluid dynamics showed laminar flow within the system. CONCLUSION The microfluidic culture system successfully maintained HNSCC for 48 h, the culture system will allow testing of different treatment modalities with response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Bower
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Victoria L Green
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Elena Kuvshinova
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Dmitriy Kuvshinov
- School of Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Laszlo Karsai
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Stephen T Crank
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Nicholas D Stafford
- Castle Hill Hospital, University of Hull, Daisy Building, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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69
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Cho S, Yoon JY. Organ-on-a-chip for assessing environmental toxicants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:34-42. [PMID: 28088094 PMCID: PMC5474140 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Man-made xenobiotics, whose potential toxicological effects are not fully understood, are oversaturating the already-contaminated environment. Due to the rate of toxicant accumulation, unmanaged disposal, and unknown adverse effects to the environment and the human population, there is a crucial need to screen for environmental toxicants. Animal models and in vitro models are ineffective models in predicting in vivo responses due to inter-species difference and/or lack of physiologically-relevant 3D tissue environment. Such conventional screening assays possess limitations that prevent dynamic understanding of toxicants and their metabolites produced in the human body. Organ-on-a-chip systems can recapitulate in vivo like environment and subsequently in vivo like responses generating a realistic mock-up of human organs of interest, which can potentially provide human physiology-relevant models for studying environmental toxicology. Feasibility, tunability, and low-maintenance features of organ-on-chips can also make possible to construct an interconnected network of multiple-organs-on-chip toward a realistic human-on-a-chip system. Such interconnected organ-on-a-chip network can be efficiently utilized for toxicological studies by enabling the study of metabolism, collective response, and fate of toxicants through its journey in the human body. Further advancements can address the challenges of this technology, which potentiates high predictive power for environmental toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Cho
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0020, USA.
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70
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Aziz AUR, Geng C, Fu M, Yu X, Qin K, Liu B. The Role of Microfluidics for Organ on Chip Simulations. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E39. [PMID: 28952518 PMCID: PMC5590458 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A multichannel three-dimensional chip of a microfluidic cell culture which enables the simulation of organs is called an "organ on a chip" (OC). With the integration of many other technologies, OCs have been mimicking organs, substituting animal models, and diminishing the time and cost of experiments which is better than the preceding conventional in vitro models, which make them imperative tools for finding functional properties, pathological states, and developmental studies of organs. In this review, recent progress regarding microfluidic devices and their applications in cell cultures is discussed to explain the advantages and limitations of these systems. Microfluidics is not a solution but only an approach to create a controlled environment, however, other supporting technologies are needed, depending upon what is intended to be achieved. Microfluidic platforms can be integrated with additional technologies to enhance the organ on chip simulations. Besides, new directions and areas are mentioned for interested researchers in this field, and future challenges regarding the simulation of OCs are also discussed, which will make microfluidics more accurate and beneficial for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chunyang Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Mengjie Fu
- Dalian Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care. Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Dalian Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care. Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
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71
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Scaffold-free 3D bio-printed human liver tissue stably maintains metabolic functions useful for drug discovery. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:186-191. [PMID: 28955746 PMCID: PMC5614670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolism. Although many studies have described in vitro liver models for drug discovery, to date, no model has been described that can stably maintain liver function. Here, we used a unique, scaffold-free 3D bio-printing technology to construct a small portion of liver tissue that could stably maintain drug, glucose, and lipid metabolism, in addition to bile acid secretion. This bio-printed normal human liver tissue maintained expression of several kinds of hepatic drug transporters and metabolic enzymes that functioned for several weeks. The bio-printed liver tissue displayed glucose production via cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, which could be suppressed with insulin. Bile acid secretion was also observed from the printed liver tissue, and it accumulated in the culture medium over time. We observed both bile duct and sinusoid-like structures in the bio-printed liver tissue, which suggested that bile acid secretion occurred via a sinusoid-hepatocyte-bile duct route. These results demonstrated that our bio-printed liver tissue was unique, because it exerted diverse liver metabolic functions for several weeks. In future, we expect our bio-printed liver tissue to be applied to developing new models that can be used to improve preclinical predictions of long-term toxicity in humans, generate novel targets for metabolic liver disease, and evaluate biliary excretion in drug development.
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Key Words
- 3D
- 8CPT-cAMP, 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
- Bio-printing
- Dex, Dexamethasone
- Drug discovery
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- Liver
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- MT, Masson's trichrome
- Metabolism
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OAT, organic anion-transporting
- Scaffold-free
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
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72
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Orbach SM, Less RR, Kothari A, Rajagopalan P. In Vitro Intestinal and Liver Models for Toxicity Testing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1898-1910. [PMID: 33440548 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human body is exposed to hundreds of chemicals every day. Many of these toxicants have unknown effects on the body that can be deleterious. Furthermore, chemicals can have a synergistic effect, resulting in toxic responses of cocktails at relatively low individual exposure levels. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the liver are the first organs to be exposed to ingested pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals. As a result, these organs often experience extensive damage from xenobiotics and their metabolites. In vitro models offer a promising method for testing toxic effects. Many advanced in vitro models have been developed for GI and liver toxicity. These models strive to recapitulate the in vivo organ architecture to more accurately model chemical toxicity. In this review, we discuss many of these advances, in addition to recent efforts to integrate the GI and the liver in vitro for a more holistic toxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Orbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, and §ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissue, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rebekah R Less
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, and §ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissue, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anjaney Kothari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, and ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissue, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, and ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissue, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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73
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Donato MT, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L. Using high-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in preclinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:201-211. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1271784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
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Ugolini GS, Cruz-Moreira D, Visone R, Redaelli A, Rasponi M. Microfabricated Physiological Models for In Vitro Drug Screening Applications. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E233. [PMID: 30404405 PMCID: PMC6189704 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics and microfabrication have recently been established as promising tools for developing a new generation of in vitro cell culture microdevices. The reduced amounts of reagents employed within cell culture microdevices make them particularly appealing to drug screening processes. In addition, latest advancements in recreating physiologically relevant cell culture conditions within microfabricated devices encourage the idea of using such advanced biological models in improving the screening of drug candidates prior to in vivo testing. In this review, we discuss microfluidics-based models employed for chemical/drug screening and the strategies to mimic various physiological conditions: fine control of 3D extra-cellular matrix environment, physical and chemical cues provided to cells and organization of co-cultures. We also envision future directions for achieving multi-organ microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Starokozhko V, Groothuis GMM. Judging the value of ‘liver-on-a-chip’ devices for prediction of toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:125-128. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1246537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Starokozhko
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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76
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Advances in Engineered Liver Models for Investigating Drug-Induced Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1829148. [PMID: 27725933 PMCID: PMC5048025 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1829148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of drug attrition. Testing drugs on human liver models is essential to mitigate the risk of clinical DILI since animal studies do not always suffice due to species-specific differences in liver pathways. While primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) can be cultured on extracellular matrix proteins, a rapid decline in functions leads to low sensitivity (<50%) in DILI prediction. Semiconductor-driven engineering tools now allow precise control over the hepatocyte microenvironment to enhance and stabilize phenotypic functions. The latest platforms coculture PHHs with stromal cells to achieve hepatic stability and enable crosstalk between the various liver cell types towards capturing complex cellular mechanisms in DILI. The recent introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human hepatocyte-like cells can potentially allow a better understanding of interindividual differences in idiosyncratic DILI. Liver models are also being coupled to other tissue models via microfluidic perfusion to study the intertissue crosstalk upon drug exposure as in a live organism. Here, we review the major advances being made in the engineering of liver models and readouts as they pertain to DILI investigations. We anticipate that engineered human liver models will reduce drug attrition, animal usage, and cases of DILI in humans.
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Rezaei Kolahchi A, Khadem Mohtaram N, Pezeshgi Modarres H, Mohammadi MH, Geraili A, Jafari P, Akbari M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic-Based Multi-Organ Platforms for Drug Discovery. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E162. [PMID: 30404334 PMCID: PMC6189912 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of predictive multi-organ models before implementing costly clinical trials is central for screening the toxicity, efficacy, and side effects of new therapeutic agents. Despite significant efforts that have been recently made to develop biomimetic in vitro tissue models, the clinical application of such platforms is still far from reality. Recent advances in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) modeling, micro- and nanotechnology, and in silico modeling have enabled single- and multi-organ platforms for investigation of new chemical agents and tissue-tissue interactions. This review provides an overview of the principles of designing microfluidic-based organ-on-chip models for drug testing and highlights current state-of-the-art in developing predictive multi-organ models for studying the cross-talk of interconnected organs. We further discuss the challenges associated with establishing a predictive body-on-chip (BOC) model such as the scaling, cell types, the common medium, and principles of the study design for characterizing the interaction of drugs with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Parya Jafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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78
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Picollet-D’hahan N, Dolega ME, Liguori L, Marquette C, Le Gac S, Gidrol X, Martin DK. A 3D Toolbox to Enhance Physiological Relevance of Human Tissue Models. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:757-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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79
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Ma C, Tian C, Zhao L, Wang J. Pneumatic-aided micro-molding for flexible fabrication of homogeneous and heterogeneous cell-laden microgels. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2609-2617. [PMID: 27229899 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are favorable for numerous applications such as drug delivery, biomaterials science and tissue engineering. Conventionally, photolithographic methods and micro-molding techniques are extensively exploited to prepare microgels; however, they are, respectively, limited to photocrosslinkable polymers and inadequate to generate serially patterned hydrogels due to the static nature of utilized molds. Herein, we proposed a simple and versatile approach, termed pneumatic-aided micro-molding (PAM), to flexibly fabricate microgels with precise control over multiple cell types and microarchitectures of hydrogels through strategically designed pneumatic microvalves. Using the PAM approach, different cells were encapsulated in various hydrogels that had well-defined geometries. Additionally, single/multiple micro-channeled cell-laden microgels were fabricated, of which the shape, number and arrangement could be finely tuned by varying microvalve configurations. Moreover, multi-compartmental microgels comprising composite hydrogel structures were engineered following a two-step PAM, which demonstrated the utility for biomimetically constructing a three-dimensional (3D) liver microtissue composed of a radially orchestrated network of hepatic cords and sinusoids. The resulting microtissue resembled the organizational complexity of the liver lobule and was applied for the evaluation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Collectively, the PAM strategy could be a useful and powerful tool in biomedical engineering, in vitro 3D cell culture, and fundamental biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chang Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. and College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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80
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Fu F, Shang L, Zheng F, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang J, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Cells Cultured on Core-Shell Photonic Crystal Barcodes for Drug Screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13840-8. [PMID: 27214156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective drug screening platforms is an important task for biomedical engineering. Here, a novel methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel-encapsulated core-shell photonic crystal (PhC) barcode particle was developed for three-dimensional cell aggregation culture and drug screening. The GelMA shells of the barcode particles enable creation of a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth, while the PhC cores of the barcode particles provide stable diffraction peaks that can encode different cell spheroids during culture and distinguish their biological response during drug testing. The applicability of this cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform was investigated by testing the cytotoxic effect of tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on barcode particle-loaded liver HepG2 and HCT-116 colonic tumor cell spheroids. The cytotoxicity of TF against the HCT-116 tumor cell spheroids was enhanced in systems using cocultures of HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells, indicating the effectiveness of this multiple cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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