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Ji H, Hu H, Tang Q, Kang X, Liu X, Zhao L, Jing R, Wu M, Li G, Zhou X, Liu J, Wang Q, Cong H, Wu L, Qin Y. Precisely controlled and deeply penetrated micro-nano hybrid multifunctional motors with enhanced antibacterial activity against refractory biofilm infections. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129210. [PMID: 35739732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm resistance of microorganisms has severe economic and environmental implications, especially the contamination of facilities associated with human life, including medical implants, air-conditioning systems, water supply systems, and food-processing equipment, resulting in the prevalence of infectious diseases. Once bacteria form biofilms, their antibiotic resistance can increase by 10-1,000-fold, posing a great challenge to the treatment of related diseases. In order to overcome the contamination of bacterial biofilm, destroying the biofilm's matrix so as to solve the penetration depth dilemma of antibacterial agents is the most effective way. Here, a magnetically controlled multifunctional micromotor was developed by using H2O2 as the fuel and MnO2 as the catalyst to treat bacterial biofilm infection. In the presence of H2O2, the as-prepared motors could be self-propelled by the generated oxygen microbubbles. Thereby, the remotely controlled motors could drill into the EPS of biofilm and disrupt them completely with the help of bubbles. Finally, the generated highly toxic •OH could efficiently kill the unprotected bacteria. This strategy combined the mechanical damage, highly toxic •OH, and precise magnetic guidance in one system, which could effectively eliminate biologically infectious fouling in microchannels within 10 min, possessing a wide range of practical application prospects especially in large scale and complex infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ji
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haolu Hu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingmin Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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52
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Yang Q, Tang S, Lu D, Li Y, Wan F, Li J, Chen Q, Cong Z, Zhang X, Wu S. Pollen Typhae-Based Magnetic-Powered Microrobots toward Acute Gastric Bleeding Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4425-4434. [PMID: 35969274 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) is the naturally available pharmaceutical with millennia of evolution from ancient China, capable of a superior therapeutic index and minimized unwanted effects on the human body. This work presents a therapeutic microrobotic platform based on pollen typhae (PT), a typical type of TCHM, fabricated by coating porous PT microspheres with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PT robots) via electrostatic adsorption. The PT robots exhibit effective and controllable motion in various biological media upon external magnetic control and, meanwhile, preserve the inherent hemostasis property of PT. The blood clotting capacity of PT robots is attributed to their stimulation of the endogenous blood coagulation pathway and platelets with increased counts, which could be further improved by their effective magnetic propulsion. The remote magnetic control also allows the manipulation of PT robots in mice stomach, inducing enhanced binding and prolonged retention of PT robots in stomach mucosa. Moreover, PT robots upon magnetic control show an enhanced hemostatic effect in treating the mice bearing acute gastric bleeding compared with other passive groups. This work offers a facile and feasible route to integrate TCHM with manmade micromachines possessing the innate curative features of TCHM. Such a design expanded the versatility of microrobots and can be generalized to vast types of TCHM for broader biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Yang
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Songsong Tang
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Fangchen Wan
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Li
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Cong
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
- South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, P. R. China
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53
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Li Y, Wu J, Oku H, Ma G. Polymer‐Modified Micromotors with Biomedical Applications: Promotion of Functionalization. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Gunma University Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Oku
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Gunma University Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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54
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On-the-Fly Formation of Polymer Film at Water Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153228. [PMID: 35956741 PMCID: PMC9370879 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-propulsion of bodies floating in water is of great interest for developing new robotic and intelligent systems at different scales, and whenever possible, Marangoni propulsion is an attractive candidate for the locomotion of untethered micro-robots. Significant cases have been shown using liquid and solid surfactants that allow an effective propulsion for bodies floating on water to be achieved. Here, we show for the first time a strategy for activating a twofold functionality where the self-propulsion of a floating body is combined with the formation of a polymer thin film at the water surface. In fact, we demonstrate that by using polymer droplets with an appropriate concentration of solvent and delivering such drops at specific locations onto freely floating objects, it is possible to form “on-the-fly” thin polymer films at the free water surface. By exploiting self-propulsion, a polymer thin film can be formed that could cover quite extensive areas with different shapes depending on the motion of the floating object. This intriguing twice-functionality activated though a single phenomenon, i.e., film formation and related locomotion, could be used in perspective to perform complex operations at water surfaces, such as dynamic liquid packaging, cleaning, and moving away floating particles, monolayer films, or macro-sized objects, as discussed in the text.
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55
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Alam M, Gill AK, Varshney R, Miglani C, Tiwari N, Patra D. Polymer multilayer films regulate macroscopic fluid flow and power microfluidic devices via supramolecular interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5605-5614. [PMID: 35861047 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered supramolecular micropumps could potentially provide a solution for powerless microfluidic devices where the fluid flow can be manipulated via modulating non-covalent interactions. An attempt has been made to fabricate thin-film-based micropumps by depositing a β-cyclodextrin ('host') functionalized polymer on a glass slide via layer-by-layer assembly. These supramolecular micropumps turned on the fluid flow upon addition of 'guest' molecules to the multilayer films. The flow velocity was tuned using the concentration of the guest molecules as well as the number of host layers inside the multilayer films. Numerical modelling reveals that the solutal buoyancy, which originates from host-guest complexation, is primarily responsible for the fluid flow. In view of its potential application in self-powered devices, the thin-film-based micropump was integrated into a microfluidic device to show molecular and colloidal transport over long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Alam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Arshdeep Kaur Gill
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Rohit Varshney
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Chirag Miglani
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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56
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Mu H, Liu C, Zhang Q, Meng H, Yu S, Zeng K, Han J, Jin X, Shi S, Yu P, Li T, Xu J, Hua Y. Magnetic-Driven Hydrogel Microrobots Selectively Enhance Synthetic Lethality in MTAP-Deleted Osteosarcoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911455. [PMID: 35875497 PMCID: PMC9299081 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drugs based on synthetic lethality have advantages such as inhibiting tumor growth and affecting normal tissue in vivo. However, specific targets for osteosarcoma have not been acknowledged yet. In this study, a non-targeted but controllable drug delivery system has been applied to selectively enhance synthetic lethality in osteosarcoma in vitro, using the magnetic-driven hydrogel microrobots. Methods: In this study, EPZ015666, a PRMT5 inhibitor, was selected as the synthetic lethality drug. Then, the drug was carried by hydrogel microrobots containing Fe3O4. Morphological characteristics of the microrobots were detected using electron microscopy. In vitro drug effect was detected by the CCK-8 assay kit, Western blotting, etc. Swimming of microrobots was observed by a timing microscope. Selective inhibition was verified by cultured tumors in an increasing magnetic field. Results: Genomic mutation of MTAP deletion occurred commonly in pan-cancer in the TCGA database (nearly 10.00%) and in osteosarcoma in the TARGET database (23.86%). HOS and its derivatives, 143B and HOS/MNNG, were detected by MTAP deletion according to the CCLE database and RT-PCR. EPZ015666, the PRMT5 inhibitor, could reduce the SDMA modification and inhibition of tumor growth of 143B and HOS/MNNG. The hydrogel microrobot drug delivery system was synthesized, and the drug was stained by rhodamine. The microrobots were powered actively by a magnetic field. A simulation of the selected inhibition of microrobots was performed and lower cell viability of tumor cells was detected by adding a high dose of microrobots. Conclusion: Our magnetic-driven drug delivery system could carry synthetic lethality drugs. Meanwhile, the selective inhibition of this system could be easily controlled by programming the strength of the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanliang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmeng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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57
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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58
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Das SS, Erez S, Karshalev E, Wu Y, Wang J, Yossifon G. Switching from Chemical to Electrical Micromotor Propulsion across a Gradient of Gastric Fluid via Magnetic Rolling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30290-30298. [PMID: 35748802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address and extend the finite lifetime of Mg-based micromotors due to the depletion of the engine (Mg-core), we examine electric fields, along with previously studied magnetic fields, to create a triple-engine hybrid micromotor for driving these micromotors. Electric fields are a facile energy source that is not limited in its operation time and can dynamically tune the micromotor mobility by simply changing the frequency and amplitude of the field. Moreover, the same electrical fields can be used for cell trapping and transport as well as drug delivery. However, the limitations of these propulsion mechanisms are the low pH (and high conductivity) environment required for Mg dissolution, while the electrical propulsion is quenched at these conditions as it requires low conductivity mediums. In order to translate the micromotor between these two extreme medium conditions, we use magnetic rolling as means of self-propulsion along with magnetic steering. Interestingly, electrical propulsion also necessitates at least the partial consumption of the Mg, resulting in a sufficient geometrical asymmetry of the micromotor. We have successfully demonstrated the rapid propulsion switching capability of the micromotor, from chemical to electrical motions, via magnetic rolling within a microfluidic device with the concentration gradient of the simulated gastric fluid. Such triple-engine micromotor propulsion holds considerable promise for in vitro studies mimicking gastric conditions and performing various bioassay tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Shuvra Das
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
| | - Shahar Erez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
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59
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Shao J, Cao S, Che H, De Martino MT, Wu H, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Twin-Engine Janus Supramolecular Nanomotors with Counterbalanced Motion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11246-11252. [PMID: 35700477 PMCID: PMC9247982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanomotors were created with two types of propelling forces that were able to counterbalance each other. The particles were based on bowl-shaped polymer vesicles, or stomatocytes, assembled from the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene. The first method of propulsion was installed by loading the nanocavity of the stomatocytes with the enzyme catalase, which enabled the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, leading to a chemically induced motion. The second method of propulsion was attained by applying a hemispherical gold coating on the stomatocytes, on the opposite side of the opening, making the particles susceptible to near-infrared laser light. By exposing these Janus-type twin engine nanomotors to both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and near-infrared light, two competing driving forces were synchronously generated, resulting in a counterbalanced, "seesaw effect" motion. By precisely manipulating the incident laser power and concentration of H2O2, the supramolecular nanomotors could be halted in a standby mode. Furthermore, the fact that these Janus stomatocytes were equipped with opposing motile forces also provided a proof of the direction of motion of the enzyme-activated stomatocytes. Finally, the modulation of the "seesaw effect", by tuning the net outcome of the two coexisting driving forces, was used to attain switchable control of the motile behavior of the twin-engine nanomotors. Supramolecular nanomotors that can be steered by two orthogonal propulsion mechanisms hold considerable potential for being used in complex tasks, including active transportation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hailong Che
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa De Martino
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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60
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Wang W, Wu Z, Yang L, Si T, He Q. Rational Design of Polymer Conical Nanoswimmers with Upstream Motility. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9317-9328. [PMID: 35576530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing bottom-up controllable molecular assembly, the bio-inspired polyelectrolyte multilayer conical nanoswimmers with gold-nanoshell functionalization on different segments are presented to achieve the optimal upstream propulsion performance. The experimental investigation reveals that the presence of the gold nanoshells on the big openings of the nanoswimmers could not only bestow efficient directional propulsion but could also minimize the impact from the external flow. The gold nanoshells at the big openings of nanoswimmers facilitate the acoustically powered propulsion against a flow velocity of up to 2.00 mm s-1, which is higher than the blood velocity in capillaries and thus provides a proof-of-concept design for upstream nanoswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tieyan Si
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qiang He
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
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61
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Wang Q, Steinbock O. Shape-preserving conversion of calcium carbonate tubes to self-propelled micromotors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14538-14544. [PMID: 35666107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of inorganic structures beyond the euhedral shape repertoire is a powerful approach to grow hierarchically ordered materials and mesoscopic devices. The hollow precipitate tubes in chemical gardens are a classic example, which we produce on Nafion membranes separating a CaCl2-containing gel from a Na2CO3 solution. The resulting CaCO3 microtubes are conical and consist of either pure vaterite or calcite. The process also forms branched T- and Y-shaped structures. The metastable vaterite polymorph can be converted to Mn-based structures without loss of the macroscopic shape. In H2O2 solution, the resulting tubes self-propel by the release of O2 bubbles, which for branched structures causes rotation. The tubes can contain multiple bubbles which are ejected in a quasi-periodic fashion (e.g. in groups of four). The addition of surfactants causes the accumulation of bubble trails and bubble rafts that interact with the moving tubes and give rise to distinct motion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA.
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62
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AC electrohydrodynamic propulsion and rotation of active particles of engineered shape and asymmetry. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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Arqué X, Torres MDT, Patiño T, Boaro A, Sánchez S, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Autonomous Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Micro- and Nanomotors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7547-7558. [PMID: 35486889 PMCID: PMC9134509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of bacteria to existing antibiotics constitutes a major public health threat globally. Most current antibiotic treatments are hindered by poor delivery to the infection site, leading to undesired off-target effects and drug resistance development and spread. Here, we describe micro- and nanomotors that effectively and autonomously deliver antibiotic payloads to the target area. The active motion and antimicrobial activity of the silica-based robots are driven by catalysis of the enzyme urease and antimicrobial peptides, respectively. These antimicrobial motors show micromolar bactericidal activity in vitro against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains and act by rapidly depolarizing their membrane. Finally, they demonstrated autonomous anti-infective efficacy in vivo in a clinically relevant abscess infection mouse model. In summary, our motors combine navigation, catalytic conversion, and bactericidal capacity to deliver antimicrobial payloads to specific infection sites. This technology represents a much-needed tool to direct therapeutics to their target to help combat drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arqué
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Chemistry
Department, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Andreia Boaro
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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64
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From radial to unidirectional water pumping in zeta-potential modulated Nafion nanostructures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2812. [PMID: 35589767 PMCID: PMC9120507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically propelled micropumps are promising wireless systems to autonomously drive fluid flows for many applications. However, many of these systems are activated by nocuous chemical fuels, cannot operate at high salt concentrations, or have difficulty for controlling flow directionality. In this work we report on a self-driven polymer micropump fueled by salt which can trigger both radial and unidirectional fluid flows. The micropump is based on the cation-exchanger Nafion, which produces chemical gradients and local electric fields capable to trigger interfacial electroosmotic flows. Unidirectional pumping is predicted by simulations and achieved experimentally by nanostructuring Nafion into microarrays with a fine tune modulation of surrounding surface zeta potentials. Nafion micropumps work in a wide range of salt concentrations, are reusable, and can be fueled by different salt cations. We demonstrate that they work with the common water-contaminant cadmium, using the own capture of this ion as fuel to drive fluid pumping. Thus, this system has potential for efficient and fast water purification strategies for environmental remediation. Unidirectional Nafion pumps also hold promise for effective analyte delivery or preconcentration for (bio)sensing assays. Chemically propelled micropumps are wireless fluid flow driving systems with many potential applications. Here, the authors report a self-driven reusable Nafion micropump fueled by different salt cations in a wide range of concentrations that triggers both radial and unidirectional flows, showing efficient water remediation capabilities.
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Meisami AH, Abbasi M, Mosleh-Shirazi S, Azari A, Amani AM, Vaez A, Golchin A. Self-propelled micro/nanobots: A new insight into precisely targeting cancerous cells through intelligent and deep cancer penetration. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175011. [PMID: 35568064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer overlooks are globally one of the most dangerous and life-threatening tribulations. While significant advances have been made in the targeted delivery of anti-cancer medications over the last few years, several challenges, such as low efficacy and strong toxic effects, remain to be addressed. Micro/nanomotors have been thoroughly studied for both effective cancer detection and treatment, as demonstrated by significant advancements in the architecture of smart and functional micro/nanomotor biomedical systems. Able to self-propelled within fluid media, micro/nanomotors have attractive vehicles to maximize the efficacy of tumor delivery. Here, we present the current developments in the delivery, detection, and imaging-guided treatment of micro/nanomotors in the clinical field, including cancer-related specific targeted drug delivery, and then discuss the barriers and difficulties encountered by micro/nanomotors throughout the medical process. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential growth of micro/nanomotors for medical applications, and sets out the current drawbacks and future research directions for more advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Meisami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Golchin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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66
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Rayaroth MP, Oh D, Lee CS, Chang YS. Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and dyes in water using a MgO-coated Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite: Role of micro-mixing effect induced by bubble generation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133788. [PMID: 35104544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of a nano-adsorbent for contaminant removal without the use of any external energy. An eco-friendly Fe3O4@MgO core-shell nanocomposite was synthesized and tested for the removal of a heavy metal, lead (Pb2+) and a dye, rhodamine B (RhB). The addition of H2O2 into the system enabled the self-mixing of the aqueous solution containing Fe3O4@MgO through the generation of bubbles. This system showed an excellent removal efficiency of 99% in just 15 min for Pb2+ and 120 min for RhB, which is far better than the control experiment (without H2O2). The cation exchange mechanism dominated in the removal of heavy metals, while the adsorptive removal of dye proceeded through the H-bonding between Mg(OH)2 and dye molecules. The removal efficiency increased exponentially with the increase of H2O2 at the optimal concentration of 5% and it was effective over a wide pH range. Moreover, the performance of the Fe3O4@MgO-H2O2 system was verified for other heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu, demonstrating that the Fe3O4@MgO-H2O2 system can be widely implemented in the treatment of real water matrices contaminated with heavy metals and organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdańsk, 11/12 Narutowicza Str, Poland
| | - Dasom Oh
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Seop Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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67
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Seike M, Uda M, Suzuki T, Minami H, Higashimoto S, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Synthesis of Polypyrrole and Its Derivatives as a Liquid Marble Stabilizer via a Solvent-Free Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Protocol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13010-13021. [PMID: 35474829 PMCID: PMC9026107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-free chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrrole and its derivatives, namely N-methylpyrrole and N-ethylpyrrole, were conducted by mechanical mixing of monomer and solid FeCl3 oxidant under nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerizations occurred at the surface of the oxidant, and optical and scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed production of atypical grains with diameters of a few tens of micrometers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of hydroxy and carbonyl groups which were introduced during the polymerization due to overoxidation. The polymer grains were doped with chloride ions, and the chloride ion dopant could be removed by dedoping using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, which was confirmed by elemental microanalysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. Water contact angle measurements confirmed that the larger the alkyl group on the nitrogen of pyrrole ring the higher the hydrophobicity and that the contact angles increased after dedoping in all cases. The grains before and after dedoping exhibited photothermal properties: the near-infrared laser irradiation induced a rapid temperature increase to greater than 430 °C. Furthermore, dedoped poly(N-ethylpyrrole) grains adsorbed to the air-water interface and could work as an effective liquid marble stabilizer. The resulting liquid marble could move on a planar water surface due to near-infrared laser-induced Marangoni flow and could disintegrate by exposure to acid vapor via redoping of the poly(N-ethylpyrrole) grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Seike
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of
Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Uda
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of
Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Higashimoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials
Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute
of Technology, 5-16-1
Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials
Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute
of Technology, 5-16-1
Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials
Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute
of Technology, 5-16-1
Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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68
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Kumar P, Theeyancheri L, Chakrabarti R. Chemically symmetric and asymmetric self-driven rigid dumbbells in a 2D polymer gel. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2663-2671. [PMID: 35311848 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01820e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We employ computer simulations to unveil the translational and rotational dynamics of self-driven chemically symmetric and asymmetric rigid dumbbells in a two-dimensional polymer gel. Our results show that the activity or the self-propulsion always enhances the dynamics of the dumbbells. Making the self-propelled dumbbell chemically asymmetric leads to further enhancement in dynamics. Additionally, the direction of self-propulsion is a key factor for chemically asymmetric dumbbells, where self-propulsion towards the non-sticky half of the dumbbell results in faster translational and rotational dynamics compared to the case with the self-propulsion towards the sticky half of the dumbbell. Our analyses show that both the symmetric and asymmetric passive rigid dumbbells get trapped inside the mesh of the polymer gel, but the chemical asymmetry always facilitates the mesh to mesh motion of the dumbbell and it is even more pronounced when the dumbbell is self-propelled. This results in multiple peaks in the van Hove function with increasing self-propulsion. In a nutshell, we believe that our in silico study can guide researchers to design efficient artificial microswimmers possessing potential applications in site-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Ligesh Theeyancheri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Vyskočil J, Novotný F, Bednar P, Ruzek D, Alduhaishe O, Pumera M. Collective behavior of magnetic microrobots through immuno-sandwich assay: On-the-fly COVID-19 sensing. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2022; 26:101337. [PMID: 35018299 PMCID: PMC8739527 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mobile self-propelled micro/nanorobots are mobile binding surface that improved the sensitivity of many biosensing system by "on-the-fly" identification and isolation of different biotargets. Proteins are powerful tools to predict infectious disease progression such as COVID-19. The main methodology used to COVID-19 detection is based on ELISA test by antibodies detection assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein and nucleocapside protein that represent an indirect SARS-CoV-2 detection with low sentitivy and specificity. Moreover ELISA test are limited to used external shaker to obtain homogenously immobilization of antibodies and protein on sensing platform. Here, we present magnetic microrobots that collective self-assembly through immuno-sandwich assay and they can be used as mobile platform to detect on-the-fly SARS-CoV-2 virus particle by its spike protein. The collective self-assembly of magnetic microrobots through immuno-sandwich assay enhanced its analytical performance in terms of sensitivity decreasing the detection limit of SARS-CoV-2 virus by one order of magnitude with respect to the devices previously reported. This proof-of-concept of microrobotics offer new ways to the detection of viruses and proteins of medical interest in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskočil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotný
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bednar
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Osamah Alduhaishe
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Food Technology, Center for Nanorobotics and Machine Intelligence, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
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70
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Nano/Micromotors in Active Matter. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020307. [PMID: 35208431 PMCID: PMC8878230 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano/micromotors (NMMs) are tiny objects capable of converting energy into mechanical motion. Recently, a wealth of active matter including synthetic colloids, cytoskeletons, bacteria, and cells have been used to construct NMMs. The self-sustained motion of active matter drives NMMs out of equilibrium, giving rise to rich dynamics and patterns. Alongside the spontaneous dynamics, external stimuli such as geometric confinements, light, magnetic field, and chemical potential are also harnessed to control the movements of NMMs, yielding new application paradigms of active matter. Here, we review the recent advances, both experimental and theoretical, in exploring biological NMMs. The unique dynamical features of collective NMMs are focused on, along with some possible applications of these intriguing systems.
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71
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Li D, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Huang X, Dong R, Cai Y, Wang L. Single-Metal Hybrid Micromotor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:844328. [PMID: 35237586 PMCID: PMC8883031 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.844328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimode stimuli-regulated propulsions are extremely useful for artificial micro-/nanomotors in performing specialized tasks in different microscopic environments. However, it is still a great challenge to develop a simple and efficient micro/nanosystem which can operate in complicated environments, either with fuel or without fuel. Here, we report a novel hybrid micromotor which only needs one metal with a special structure: micro-spherical shell with a hole. Since we attractively combine the inherently catalytic properties of Pt for chemical propulsion with a designed concave structure for acoustic propulsion, the micromotors can not only move rapidly in H2O2 fueled environment due to the chemical reaction between Pt and H2O2 but also can exhibit excellent acoustic propulsion in a fuel-free environment due to the non-uniform stress caused by ultrasound. In addition, the attractive group motion behavior of the motors, including aggregation, group migration, and dispersion, is easily realized by acoustic field regulation. The brand-new single-metal hybrid micromotors with a dual driving mode, flexible propulsion regulation, and efficient group motion regulation, which are essential for making micro-/nanomotors compatible with different surrounding environments, are expected to advance the field of artificial nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajian Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renfeng Dong, ; Yuepeng Cai, ; Lin Wang,
| | - Yuepeng Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renfeng Dong, ; Yuepeng Cai, ; Lin Wang,
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Renfeng Dong, ; Yuepeng Cai, ; Lin Wang,
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72
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Liu Y, Cheng Y, Zhao C, Wang H, Zhao Y. Nanomotor-Derived Porous Biomedical Particles from Droplet Microfluidics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104272. [PMID: 34816629 PMCID: PMC8811803 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous particles have found widespread applications in therapeutic diagnosis, drug delivery, and tissue engineering due to their typical properties of large surface area, extensive loading capacity, and hierarchical microstructures. Attempts in this aspect are focusing on the development of effective methods to generate functional porous particles. Herein, a simple droplet microfluidics for continuously and directly generating porous particles by introducing bubble-propelled nanomotors into the system is presented. As the nanomotors can continuously generate gas bubbles in the unsolidified droplet templates, the desirable porous microparticles can be obtained after droplet polymerization. It is demonstrated that the generation process is highly controlled and the resultant microparticles show excellent porosity and monodispersity. In addition, the obtained porous microparticles can serve as microcarriers for 3D cell culture, because of their characteristic porous structures and favorable biocompatibility. Moreover, owing to the existence of oxygen in these microparticles, they can be used to improve the healing effects of wounds in the type I diabetes rat models. These remarkable features of the generation strategy and the porous microparticles point to their potential values in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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73
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Zhang F, Mundaca-Uribe R, Askarinam N, Li Z, Gao W, Zhang L, Wang J. Biomembrane-Functionalized Micromotors: Biocompatible Active Devices for Diverse Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107177. [PMID: 34699649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in developing synthetic micromotors with biofunctional, versatile, and adaptive capabilities for biomedical applications. In this perspective, cell membrane-functionalized micromotors emerge as an attractive platform. This new class of micromotors demonstrates enhanced propulsion and compelling performance in complex biological environments, making them suitable for various in vivo applications, including drug delivery, detoxification, immune modulation, and phototherapy. This article reviews various proof-of-concept studies based on different micromotor designs and cell membrane coatings in these areas. The review focuses on the motor structure and performance relationship and highlights how cell membrane functionalization overcomes the obstacles faced by traditional synthetic micromotors while imparting them with unique capabilities. Overall, the cell membrane-functionalized micromotors are expected to advance micromotor research and facilitate its translation towards practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nelly Askarinam
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhengxing Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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74
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Hou K, Zhang Y, Bao M, Xin C, Wei Z, Lin G, Wang Z. A Multifunctional Magnetic Red Blood Cell-Mimetic Micromotor for Drug Delivery and Image-Guided Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3825-3837. [PMID: 35025195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, innovative devices have been made to imitate the morphology and functions of natural red blood cells (RBCs). Here, we report a red blood cell-mimetic micromotor (RBCM), which was fabricated based on a layer-by-layer assembly method and precisely controlled by an external rotating uniform magnetic field. The main framework of the RBCM was constructed by the natural protein zein and finally camouflaged with the RBC membrane. Functional cargos such as Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin were loaded within the wall part of the RBCM for tumor therapy. Due to the massive loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the RBCM can be precisely navigated by an external rotating uniform magnetic field and be used as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for tumor imaging. The RBCM has been proven to be biocompatible, biodegradable, magnetically manipulated, and imageable, which are key requisites to take micromotors from the chalkboard to clinics. We expect the RBC-inspired biohybrid device to achieve wide potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Meili Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Chao Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Zengyan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Guochang Lin
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
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75
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Pané S, Wendel-Garcia P, Belce Y, Chen XZ, Puigmartí-Luis J. Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems. CURRENT ROBOTICS REPORTS 2022; 2:427-440. [PMID: 35036926 PMCID: PMC8721937 DOI: 10.1007/s43154-021-00066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The increasing number of contributions in the field of small-scale robotics is significantly associated with the progress in material science and process engineering during the last half century. With the objective of integrating the most optimal materials for the propulsion of these motile micro- and nanosystems, several manufacturing strategies have been adopted or specifically developed. This brief review covers some recent advances in materials and fabrication of small-scale robots with a focus on the materials serving as components for their motion and actuation. Recent Findings Integration of a wealth of materials is now possible in several micro- and nanorobotic designs owing to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication and chemical synthesis. Regarding light-driven swimmers, novel photocatalytic materials and deformable liquid crystal elastomers have been recently reported. Acoustic swimmers are also gaining attention, with several prominent examples of acoustic bubble-based 3D swimmers being recently reported. Magnetic micro- and nanorobots are increasingly investigated for their prospective use in biomedical applications. The adoption of different materials and novel fabrication strategies based on 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition, or electrospinning is briefly discussed. Summary A brief review on fabrication and powering of small-scale robotics is presented. First, a concise introduction to the world of small-scale robotics and their propulsion by means of magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light is provided. Recent examples of materials and fabrication methodologies for the realization of these devices follow thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Wendel-Garcia
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yonca Belce
- Departament de Ciència Dels Materials I Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència Dels Materials I Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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76
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Mathesh M, Bhattarai E, Yang W. 2D Active Nanobots Based on Soft Nanoarchitectonics Powered by an Ultralow Fuel Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Mathesh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Elisha Bhattarai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
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77
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Zhang H, Wang L, Li Z, Ji Y, Wu Z, He Q. Biosafety evaluation of dual-responsive neutrobots. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7556-7562. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrobots carrying antitumor drugs facilitate considerable safety in vivo upon intravenous administration with high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuxing Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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78
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Mathesh M, Bhattarai E, Yang W. 2D Active Nanobots Based on Soft Nanoarchitectonics Powered by an Ultralow Fuel Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113801. [PMID: 34918446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis to power micro/nanomotors has received tremendous attention because of the vast potential in applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. However, the current design is mainly based on a complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture, with limited accessible surface areas for the catalytic sites, and thus require a higher fuel concentration to achieve active motion. Herein we report for the first time an enzyme-powered 2D nanobot, which was designed by a facile strategy based on soft nanoarchitectonics for active motion at an ultralow fuel concentration (0.003% H 2 O 2 ). The 2D nanobot exhibited efficient positive chemotactic behavior and the ability to swim against gravity by virtue of solutal buoyancy. As a proof-of-concept, the 2D nanobots showed an excellent capability for "on-the-fly" removal of methylene blue (MB) dye with an efficiency of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Mathesh
- Deakin University - Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds: Deakin University - Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Elisha Bhattarai
- Deakin University - Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds: Deakin University - Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, school of life and environmental science, AUSTRALIA
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Deakin University, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
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79
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Wang J. Will future microbots be task-specific customized machines or multi-purpose "all in one" vehicles? Nat Commun 2021; 12:7125. [PMID: 34880212 PMCID: PMC8654990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While existing microbots display effective propulsion, their functionalities decrease dramatically upon decreasing the robot size. Accordingly, it is desired to customize microscale robots for their specific mission and body location. Selecting the microbot constituents with task-specific tailored functionalities will enhance their practicality in performing their primary mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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80
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McGlasson A, Bradley LC. Investigating Time-Dependent Active Motion of Janus Micromotors using Dynamic Light Scattering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104926. [PMID: 34655162 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in fabrication methods have positioned Janus micromotors (JMs) as candidates for use as autonomous devices in applications across diverse fields, spanning drug delivery to environmental remediation. While the design of most micromotors is straightforward, the non-steady state active motion exhibited by these systems is complex and difficult to characterize. Traditionally, JM active motion is characterized using optical microscopy single particle tracking for systems confined in 2D. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) offers an alternative high-throughput method for characterizing the 3D active motion in bulk JM dispersions with additional capabilities to quantify time-dependent behavior for a broader range of JM sizes. Here, the active motion of spherical JMs is examined by DLS and it is demonstrated that the method enables decoupling of the translational and rotational diffusion. Systematic studies quantifying the time-dependent diffusive properties as a function of fuel concentration, JM concentration, and time after fuel addition are presented. The analyses presented in this work position DLS to facilitate future advances of JM systems by serving as a fast-screening characterization method for active motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McGlasson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Laura C Bradley
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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81
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Cao S, Wu H, Pijpers IAB, Shao J, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Williams DS, van Hest JCM. Cucurbit-Like Polymersomes with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties Show Enzyme-Mediated Motility. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18270-18278. [PMID: 34668368 PMCID: PMC8613902 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes that incorporate aggregation-induced emission (AIE) moieties are attractive inherently fluorescent nanoparticles with biomedical application potential for cell/tissue imaging and tracking, as well as phototherapeutics. An intriguing feature that has not been explored yet is their ability to adopt a range of asymmetric morphologies. Structural asymmetry allows nanoparticles to be exploited as active (motile) systems. Here, we present the design and preparation of AIE fluorophore integrated (AIEgenic) cucurbit-shaped polymersome nanomotors with enzyme-powered motility. The cucurbit scaffold was constructed via morphology engineering of biodegradable fluorescent AIE-polymersomes, followed by functionalization with enzymatic machinery via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly process. Because of the enzyme-mediated decomposition of chemical fuel on the cucurbit-like nanomotor surface, enhanced directed motion was attained, when compared with the spherical counterparts. These cucurbit-shaped biodegradable AIE-nanomotors provide a promising platform for the development of active delivery systems with potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Imke A. B. Pijpers
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David S. Williams
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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82
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Wavhale RD, Dhobale KD, Rahane CS, Chate GP, Tawade BV, Patil YN, Gawade SS, Banerjee SS. Water-powered self-propelled magnetic nanobot for rapid and highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells. Commun Chem 2021; 4:159. [PMID: 36697678 PMCID: PMC9814645 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized robots with self-propelling and navigating capabilities have become an exciting field of research, attributable to their autonomous motion and specific biomolecular interaction ability for bio-analysis and diagnosis. Here, we report magnesium (Mg)-Fe3O4-based Magneto-Fluorescent Nanorobot ("MFN") that can self-propel in blood without any other additives and can selectively and rapidly isolate cancer cells. The nanobots viz; Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Tf and Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Ab have been designed and synthesized by simple surface modifications and conjugation chemistry to assemble multiple components viz; (i) EpCAM antibody/transferrin, (ii) cyanine 5 NHS (Cy5) dye, (iii) fourth generation (G4) dendrimers for multiple conjugation and (iv) glutathione (GSH) by chemical conjugation onto one side of Mg nanoparticle. The nanobots propelled efficiently not only in simulated biological media, but also in blood samples. With continuous motion upon exposure to water and the presence of Fe3O4 shell on Mg nanoparticle for magnetic guidance, the nanobot offers major improvements in sensitivity, efficiency and speed by greatly enhancing capture of cancer cells. The nanobots showed excellent cancer cell capture efficiency of almost 100% both in serum and whole blood, especially with MCF7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D. Wavhale
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Kshama D. Dhobale
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Chinmay S. Rahane
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Govind P. Chate
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Bhausaheb V. Tawade
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Yuvraj N. Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Sandesh S. Gawade
- Department of Surgery, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Shashwat S. Banerjee
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
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83
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Wang W, Mallouk TE. A Practical Guide to Analyzing and Reporting the Movement of Nanoscale Swimmers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15446-15460. [PMID: 34636550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent invention of nanoswimmers-synthetic, powered objects with characteristic lengths in the range of 10-500 nm-has sparked widespread interest among scientists and the general public. As more researchers from different backgrounds enter the field, the study of nanoswimmers offers new opportunities but also significant experimental and theoretical challenges. In particular, the accurate characterization of nanoswimmers is often hindered by strong Brownian motion, convective effects, and the lack of a clear way to visualize them. When coupled with improper experimental designs and imprecise practices in data analysis, these issues can translate to results and conclusions that are inconsistent and poorly reproducible. This Perspective follows the course of a typical nanoswimmer investigation from synthesis through to applications and offers suggestions for best practices in reporting experimental details, recording videos, plotting trajectories, calculating and analyzing mobility, eliminating drift, and performing control experiments, in order to improve the reliability of the reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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84
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Wang K, Ma E, Hu Z, Wang H. Rapid synthesis of self-propelled tubular micromotors for "ON-OFF" fluorescent detection of explosives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10528-10531. [PMID: 34553197 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a rapid strategy to construct self-propelled functional tubular micromotors. Based on the established strategy, magnetic covalent-organic-framework-functionalized micromotors were fabricated to implement sensing of explosives in water. Such micromotors can complete fluorescent "On-Off" detection of trace explosive 2,4,6-trinitrophenol within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Enhui Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenqi Hu
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China.
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85
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Li YH, Zhou S, Jian X, Zhang X, Song YY. Asymmetrically coating Pt nanoparticles on magnetic silica nanospheres for target cell capture and therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:361. [PMID: 34601637 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Janus cargo has been developed via the combination of magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) with asymmetric decoration of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs). Mesoporous morphology of MMS provides plenty of space for loading photosensitizers and targeting agents; the magnetic feature endows the as-formed nanospheres with satisfactory isolation function in removal of low abundant target cells. The excellent catalytic ability of PtNPs can effectively alleviate the hypoxia condition of tumor microenvironment via the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as an O2-drived nanomotor for highly efficient drug release. Using CCRF-CEM as the model target cell, the Janus cargo is demonstrated to possess significantly improved performance in cell capture and photodynamic therapy. Specially, owing to the patchy Pt decoration, the loaded photosensitizers exhibit a more efficient release behavior. More importantly, asymmetric O2-emission from one side of the nanocargo acts as a driving force, which could effectively accelerate the motion ability of cargo in cell media, thus leading to an enhanced therapeutic effect compared with the traditionally symmetric nanocargo. This Janus cargo would offer a new paradigm to design highly efficient drug carrier for gaining an improved photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hang Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jian
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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86
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Liu S, Xu D, Wang W, Ma X. Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host-Guest Assembly and Disassembly. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15063-15072. [PMID: 34499495 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized devices capable of performing self-propelled motion and on-demand tasks, which have brought revolutionary renovations in nanomedicine, environmental remediation, biochemical sensing, etc. Numerous methods of either chemical synthesis or physical fabrications have been extensively investigated to prepare MNMs of various shapes and functions. However, MNMs with replaceable engines that can be flexibly assembled and disassembled, resembling that of a macroscopic machine, have not been achieved. Here, for the first time, we report a demonstration of control over the engine replacement of self-propelled nanomotors based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNPs) via supramolecular machine-based host-guest assembly and disassembly between azobenzene (Azo) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Nanomotors with different driving mechanisms can be rapidly constructed by selecting corresponding β-CD-modified nanoengines of urease, Pt, or Fe3O4, to assemble with the azobenzene-modified HMSNPs (HMSNPs-Azo). In virtue of photoresponsive cis/trans isomer conversion of azobenzene molecules, engine switching can be accomplished by remote light triggered host-guest assembly or disassembly between HMSNPs-Azo and β-CD-modified engines. Moreover, this method can quickly include multiple engines on the surface of the HMSNPs-Azo to prepare a hybrid MNM with enhanced motion capability. This strategy not only is cost-effective for the rapid and convenient preparation of nanomotors with different propulsion mechanism but also paves a new path to future multiple functionalization of MNMs for on-demand task assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ye
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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87
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Bayraktaroğlu M, Jurado-Sánchez B, Uygun M. Peroxidase driven micromotors for dynamic bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126268. [PMID: 34098261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are size products present in tons concentrations in industrial wastewater that can cause adverse health effects when released in the environment. As such, there is a growing interest in the development of efficient strategies for the removal of phenolic compounds from polluted water. Herein we describe the use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-Au/peroxidase micromotors as dynamic biocatalytic platforms for the removal of model phenolics (phenol, bisphenol A, guaiacol, pyrogallol and catechol). Micromotors are synthetized by using a simplified template electrodeposition protocol followed by covalent enzyme immobilization in the inner Au layer. Kinetic parameters revealed that enzyme immobilization in the inner micromotor layer increased over 2-fold the enzymatic activity, along with increasing operational pH and thermal stabilities. The micromotors can propel at speed of up to 60 µm/s, generating an enhanced fluid mixing that results in removal efficiencies of up to 60% as compared with the 27% removal when using free peroxidase under the same conditions. In addition, excellent activities of almost 100% were obtained within ten cycles of removal using the micromotors. This newly developed bioremediation strategy holds considerable promise in for its application in large scale water treatment systems and many relevant environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Bayraktaroğlu
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departmento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Murat Uygun
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Aydın, Turkey; Adnan Menderes University, Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Aydın, Turkey.
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88
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Liang Z, Tu Y, Peng F. Polymeric Micro/Nanomotors and Their Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100720. [PMID: 34110714 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since their naissance in the 2000s, various micro or nanomotors with powerful functions have been proposed. Among them, polymer-based micro or nanomotors stand out for the easy processing and facile functionalization, holding immense potential for bioapplications. In this review, fabrication of polymer-based micro or nanomotors and their applications in biomedical areas are covered. Classic manufacturing approaches as well as cutting-edge techniques are discussed with representative works highlighted. Current challenges and future prospects are presented in the hope of pointing new research directions to facilitate practical translations of micro/nanomotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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89
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Li Z, Xie Z, Lu H, Wang Y, Liu Y. Cargo Transportation and Methylene Blue Degradation by Using Fuel-Powered Micromotors. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:861-866. [PMID: 34346565 PMCID: PMC8409089 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, micromotors have experienced rapid development, especially in environmental remediation, the biomedical field, and in cargo delivery. In this study micromotors have been synthesized from a variety of materials. Different functional layers and catalytic layers are formed through template electrodeposition (the bottom-up method). At the same time, the article analyzes the influence of hydrogen peroxide concentration, surfactant type and concentration on the speed of the micromotors. Cargo transportation through tubular micromotors has always been a problem that people are eager to solve. In this article, we electrodeposit a layer of Ni in the microtubes, which effectively guides the microtubular motors to complete the cargo transportation. The potential applications of micromotors are also being explored. We added the prepared micromotors to the methylene blue solution to effectively enhance the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Li
- Department of Physics and MathematicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection andAdvanced Materials in Electric PowerShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201300China
| | - Zhongzhou Xie
- Department of Physics and MathematicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection andAdvanced Materials in Electric PowerShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201300China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Physics and MathematicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection andAdvanced Materials in Electric PowerShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201300China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physics and MathematicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection andAdvanced Materials in Electric PowerShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201300China
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Physics and MathematicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection andAdvanced Materials in Electric PowerShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201300China
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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90
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Zheng P, Jiang W, Qin Q, Li D. Dynamic Behavior of Rotation Transmission Nano-System in Helium Environment: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175199. [PMID: 34500633 PMCID: PMC8434069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics (MD) method is used to investigate the influence of the shielding gas on the dynamic behavior of the heterogeneous rotation transmission nano-system (RTS) built on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) in a helium environment. In the heterogeneous RTS, the inner CNT acts as a rotor, the middle BNNT serves as a motor, and the outer CNT functions as a stator. The rotor will be actuated to rotate by the motor due to the interlayer van der Waals effects and the end effects. The MD simulation results show that, when the gas density is lower than a critical range, a stable signal of the rotor will arise on the output and the rotation transmission ratio (RRT) of RTS can reach 1.0, but as the gas density is higher than the critical range, the output signal of the rotor cannot be stable due to the sharp drop of the RRT caused by the large friction between helium and the RTS. The greater the motor input signal of RTS, the lower the critical working helium density range. The results also show that the system temperature and gas density are the two main factors affecting the RTS transmission behavior regardless of the size of the simulation box. Our MD results clearly indicate that in the working temperature range of the RTS from 100 K to 600 K, the higher the temperature and the lower the motor input rotation frequency, the higher the critical working helium density range allows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zheng
- School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;
| | - Wugui Jiang
- School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Qinghua Qin
- Department of Engineering, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Duosheng Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;
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91
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Kwon T, Kumari N, Kumar A, Lim J, Son CY, Lee IS. Au/Pt‐Egg‐in‐Nest Nanomotor for Glucose‐Powered Catalytic Motion and Enhanced Molecular Transport to Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kwon
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
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92
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Inaba H, Hatta K, Matsuura K. Directional Propulsion of DNA Microspheres Based on Light-Induced Asymmetric Growth of Peptide Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5425-5434. [PMID: 35006731 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by natural motors, synthetic motors powered by light have emerged as promising platforms for constructing artificial micro/nanorobots. As a concept of light-driven motors, we have previously reported propulsion of giant liposomes driven by light-induced peptide nanofiber growth on the surface, inspired by natural pathogens using external actin polymerization for their propulsion. However, their movement was nondirectional. Here, we used DNA microspheres (also known as nucleospheres) comprising DNA three-way junctions with self-complementary sticky ends as vehicles for directional propulsion by light-induced peptide nanofiber growth. By introducing a peptide-DNA conjugate connected by a photocleavage unit to the surface of nucleospheres, ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation induced the asymmetric peptide nanofiber growth on the surface. Nucleospheres exhibited directional movement away from the light source, showing negative phototaxis. This directional movement was maintained even after the light irradiation was ceased. Our phototactic system helps to better understand the mechanism of natural motors and construct bioinspired motors with controlled movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kenji Hatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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93
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Kwon T, Kumari N, Kumar A, Lim J, Son CY, Lee IS. Au/Pt-Egg-in-Nest Nanomotor for Glucose-Powered Catalytic Motion and Enhanced Molecular Transport to Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17579-17586. [PMID: 34107153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures converting chemical energy to mechanical work by using benign metabolic fuels, have huge implications in biomedical science. Here, we introduce Au/Pt-based Janus nanostructures, resembling to "egg-in-nest" morphology (Au/Pt-ENs), showing enhanced motion as a result of dual enzyme-relay-like catalytic cascade in physiological biomedia, and in turn showing molecular-laden transport to living cells. We developed dynamic-casting approach using silica yolk-shell nanoreactors: first, to install a large Au-seed fixing the silica-yolk aside while providing the anisotropically confined concave hollow nanospace to grow curved Pt-dendritic networks. Owing to the intimately interfaced Au and Pt catalytic sites integrated in a unique anisotropic nest-like morphology, Au/Pt-ENs exhibited high diffusion rates and displacements as the result of glucose-converted oxygen concentration gradient. High diffusiophoresis in cell culture media increased the nanomotor-membrane interaction events, in turn facilitated the cell internalization. In addition, the porous network of Au/Pt-ENs facilitated the drug-molecule cargo loading and delivery to the living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kwon
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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94
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Vasantha Ramachandran R, Bhat R, Kumar Saini D, Ghosh A. Theragnostic nanomotors: Successes and upcoming challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1736. [PMID: 34173342 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The idea of "fantastic voyagers" carrying out medical tasks within the human body has existed as part of popular culture for many decades. The concept revolved around a miniaturized robot that can travel inside the human body and perform complicated functions such as surgery, navigation of otherwise inaccessible biological environments, and delivery of therapeutics. Since the last decade, significant developments have occurred in this arena that are yet to enter mainstream biomedical practises. Here, we define the challenges to make this fiction into reality. We begin by chalking the journey from pills, nanoparticles, and then to micro-nanomotors. The review describes the principles, physicochemical contexts, and advantages that micro-nanomotors provide. The article then describes micro-nanomotors' obstacles such as maneuverability, in vivo imaging, toxicity, and biodistribution. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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95
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Noh W, Jo S, Kim J, Lee TS. Visible-Light-Driven Asymmetric TiO 2-Based Photocatalytic Micromotor Hybridized with a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Glucose Oxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6301-6310. [PMID: 33982566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a TiO2-based micromotor that was asymmetrically decorated with a water-soluble conjugated polymer (WSP) on one hemisphere and glucose oxidase (GOx) on the opposite hemisphere. The WSP, which had photocatalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, enabled motion of the micromotor under visible light. The GOx on the other hemisphere of the micromotor decomposed glucose to produce H2O2 and enabled motion of the micromotor without light irradiation. In addition, WSP and GOx were attached to TiO2 by chemical bonds, providing stability during use. As a result, the micromotor could move by self-generating H2O2 for its own fuel by consuming glucose even without photoirradiation. The micromotor could move faster than without visible light irradiation through the synergistic decomposition of glucose and H2O2 under visible light by the diffusiophoretic mechanism with a speed of 7.49 μm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Noh
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonyoung Jo
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Juang Kim
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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96
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Uthe B, Collis JF, Madadi M, Sader JE, Pelton M. Highly Spherical Nanoparticles Probe Gigahertz Viscoelastic Flows of Simple Liquids Without the No-Slip Condition. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4440-4446. [PMID: 33955224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simple liquids are conventionally described by Newtonian fluid mechanics, based on the assumption that relaxation processes in the flow occur much faster than the rate at which the fluid is driven. Nanoscale solids, however, have characteristic mechanical response times on the picosecond scale, which are comparable to mechanical relaxation times in simple liquids; as a result, viscoelastic effects in the liquid must be considered. These effects have been observed using time-resolved optical measurements of vibrating nanoparticles, but interpretation has often been complicated by finite velocity slip at the liquid-solid interface. Here, we use highly spherical gold nanoparticles to drive flows that are theoretically modeled without the use of the no-slip boundary condition at the particle surface. We obtain excellent agreement with this analytical theory that considers both the compression and shear relaxation properties of the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Uthe
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jesse F Collis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mahyar Madadi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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97
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Robotics for enzyme technology: innovations and technological perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4089-4097. [PMID: 33970318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of robotics in the life science sector has created a considerable and significant impact on a wide range of research areas, including enzyme technology due to their immense applications in enzyme and microbial engineering as an indispensable tool in high-throughput screening applications. Scientists are experiencing the advanced applications of various biological robots (nanobots), fabricated based on bottom-up or top-down approaches for making nanotechnology scaffolds. Nanobots and enzyme-powered nanomotors are particularly attractive because they are self-propelled vehicles, which consume biocompatible fuels. These smart nanostructures are widely used as drug delivery systems for the efficient treatment of various diseases. This review gives insights into the escalating necessity of robotics and nanobots and their ever-widening applications in enzyme technology, including biofuel production and biomedical applications. It also offers brief insights into high-throughput robotic platforms that are currently being used in enzyme screening applications for monitoring and control of microbial growth conditions. KEY POINTS: • Robotics and their applications in biotechnology are highlighted. • Robotics for high-throughput enzyme screening and microbial engineering are described. • Nanobots and enzyme-powered nanomotors as controllable drug delivery systems are reviewed.
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98
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Minh TD, Ncibi MC, Srivastava V, Doshi B, Sillanpää M. Micro/nano-machines for spilled-oil cleanup and recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129516. [PMID: 33434823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency, safe and economically viable nano-engineered platforms for oil spill cleanup and recovery are of great importance. This review takes account of the concept of nanomotors and micromotors and their most advancements in use for oil spill treatment. The fundamental facets of artificial micro- and nano-machines/nanobots/nanomotors (MNMs) are first documented, followed by the most recent influencing developments in chemical engineering approaches toward their specific utilizations. The surface chemistry of these MNMs, their behaviors in different water matrices and their roles in the removal of oil are examined, revealing great rooms for improvement. The strategies for surface and structural modification of these tiny machines toward enhancing their reactivity in the removal of oil and coupled tasking are discussed in details, highlighting the significance of fit-for-duty design and tailored fabrication. The engineering limitations and practical implementation barriers of this emerging technology and how it can be overcome are also considered. Finally, some engineering boundaries and perspectives of this fast-evolving field are proposed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Minh
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - M C Ncibi
- International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Green City Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - V Srivastava
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - B Doshi
- Feedstock Analytics, Neste, FI- Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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99
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Rayaroth MP, Oh D, Lee CS, Kumari N, Lee IS, Chang YS. Carbon-nitride-based micromotor driven by chromate-hydrogen peroxide redox system: Application for removal of sulfamethaxazole. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:94-103. [PMID: 33862450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Janus Fe/C3N4 micromotor driven by a chromate-hydrogen peroxide (Cr(VI)/H2O2) redox system was developed and its movement was analyzed. The motion of the micromotor was tracked via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and the corresponding diffusion coefficients (D) were determined. The NTA results revealed that D = 0 in water in the absence of additives (Cr(VI) or H2O2). The addition of H2O2 resulted in an increase in D from 0 to 12 × 106 nm2 s-1, which further increased to 20 × 106, 26.5 × 106, 29 × 106, and 44 × 106 nm2 s-1 with the addition of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ppm of Cr(VI), respectively. Cr(VI) alone did not efficiently propel the Fe/C3N4-based micromotor. Therefore, it was proposed that the Cr(VI)/H2O2 redox system generates O2, which plays a major role in the movement of the C3N4-based micromotor. In addition, the formation of reactive species, such as OH and 1O2, was confirmed through electron spin resonance experiments. The reactive species efficiently degraded sulfamethaxazole (SMX), an organic pollutant, as demonstrated through degradation studies and product analyses. The effects of various parameters, such as H2O2 concentration, Cr(VI) concentration, and initial pH on the movement of micromotor and degradation of SMX were also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Oh
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Seop Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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100
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Cao S, Shao J, Wu H, Song S, De Martino MT, Pijpers IAB, Friedrich H, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Williams DS, van Hest JCM. Photoactivated nanomotors via aggregation induced emission for enhanced phototherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2077. [PMID: 33824321 PMCID: PMC8024279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has, since its discovery, become a valuable tool in the field of nanoscience. AIEgenic molecules, which display highly stable fluorescence in an assembled state, have applications in various biomedical fields—including photodynamic therapy. Engineering structure-inherent, AIEgenic nanomaterials with motile properties is, however, still an unexplored frontier in the evolution of this potent technology. Here, we present phototactic/phototherapeutic nanomotors where biodegradable block copolymers decorated with AIE motifs can transduce radiant energy into motion and enhance thermophoretic motility driven by an asymmetric Au nanoshell. The hybrid nanomotors can harness two photon near-infrared radiation, triggering autonomous propulsion and simultaneous phototherapeutic generation of reactive oxygen species. The potential of these nanomotors to be applied in photodynamic therapy is demonstrated in vitro, where near-infrared light directed motion and reactive oxygen species induction synergistically enhance efficacy with a high level of spatial control. Induced motion has emerged as a method to increase the efficacy of delivery and therapeutic outcomes using nanomaterials. Here, the authors report on a Janus gold shell polymersome with aggregation-induced emission molecules for phototactic and photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shidong Song
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa De Martino
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Imke A B Pijpers
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy (CMEM) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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