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Cao L, Wang J, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Dai J, Ma J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Xie P. Comparison of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite enhanced Fe(Ⅱ) coagulation on algae-laden water treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130571. [PMID: 37055977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe(Ⅱ)/peracetic acid (PAA) and Fe(Ⅱ)/sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) systems were applied as the combined preoxidation and coagulation process to enhance algae removal. A high removal rate of algae and turbidity could be achieved, with most algal cells keeping intact when adding reasonable concentrations of PAA and NaClO to enhance Fe(Ⅱ) coagulation. The variations of chlorophyll a, malondialdehyde, and intracellular reactive oxygen species suggested that moderate oxidation with only destroying surface-adsorbed organic matter rather than cell integrity was realized. The generated organic radicals, Fe(Ⅳ), and hydroxy radical played the major roles in the Fe(Ⅱ)/PAA system for the moderate oxidation of algal cells, but direct oxidation by NaClO rather than producing reactive species in the Fe(Ⅱ)/NaClO process contributed to the preoxidation. Concurrently, the in-situ formed Fe(Ⅲ) greatly promoted the agglomerating and settling of algae. The analysis of cell integrity, biochemical compositions, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices spectra demonstrated that excess NaClO but not PAA would seriously damage the algal cells. This might be because that NaClO would directly oxidize the cell wall/membrane, while PAA mainly permeates into the cell to inactivate algae. These results suggest that Fe(Ⅱ)/PAA is an efficient strategy for algae-laden water treatment without serious algae lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisan Cao
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayue Dai
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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52
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Li H, Qin C, He W, Sun F, Du P. Learning and inferring the diurnal variability of cyanobacterial blooms from high-frequency time-series satellite-based observations. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 123:102383. [PMID: 36894206 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Observational evidences have suggested that the surface scums of cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) are highly patchy, and their spatial patterns can vary significantly within hours. This stresses the need for the capacity to monitor and predict their occurrence with better spatiotemporal continuity, in order to understand and mitigate their causes and impacts. Although polar-orbiting satellites have long been used to monitor CyanoHABs, these sensors cannot be used to capture the diurnal variability of the bloom patchiness due to their long revisit periods. In this study, we use the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite to generate high-frequency time-series observations of CyanoHABs on a sub-daily basis not possible from previous satellites. On top of that, we introduce a spatiotemporal deep learning method (ConvLSTM) to predict the dynamics of bloom patchiness at a lead time of 10 min. Our results show that the bloom scums were highly patchy and dynamic, and the diurnal variability was assumed to be largely associated with the migratory behavior of cyanobacteria. We also show that, ConvLSTM displayed fairly satisfactory performance with promising predictive capability, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) varying between 0.66∼1.84 μg/L and 0.71∼0.94, respectively. This suggests that, by adequately capturing spatiotemporal features, the diurnal variability of CyanoHABs can be well learned and inferred by ConvLSTM. These results may have important practical implications, because they suggest that spatiotemporal deep learning integrated with high-frequency satellite observations could provide a new methodological paradigm in nowcasting of CyanoHABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing China
| | - Chengxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing China
| | - Weiqi He
- Research Institute of Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, 215163, Suzhou China.
| | - Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing China.
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53
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Du X, Fu Y, Tian Z, Liu H, Xin H, Fu X, Wang F, Zhang H, Zeng X. Microcystin-LR accelerates follicular atresia in mice via JNK-mediated adherent junction damage of ovarian granulosa cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114592. [PMID: 36731181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of aquatic environmental contaminants with reproductive toxicity produced by cyanobacterial blooms, but its toxic effects and mechanisms on the ovary are not fully understood. Here, proteomic techniques and molecular biology experiments were performed to study the potential mechanism of MC-LR-caused ovarian toxicity. Results showed that protein expression profile of ovarian granulosa cells (KK-1) was changed by 17 μg/mL MC-LR exposure. Comparing with the control group, 118 upregulated proteins as well as 97 downregulated proteins were identified in MC-LR group. Function of differentially expressed proteins was found to be enriched in pathways related to adherent junction, such as cadherin binding, cell-cell junction, cell adhesion and focal adherens. Furthermore, in vitro experiments, MC-LR significantly downregulated the expression levels of proteins associated with adherent junction (β-catenin, N-cadherin, and α-catenin) as well as caused cytoskeletal disruption in KK-1 cells (P < 0.05), indicating that the adherent junction was damaged. Results of in vivo experiments have shown that after 14 days of acute MC-LR exposure (40 μg/kg), damaged adherent junction and an increased number of atretic follicles were observed in mouse ovaries. Moreover, MC-LR activated JNK, an upstream regulator of adherent junction proteins, in KK-1 cells and mouse ovarian tissues. In contrast, JNK inhibition alleviated MC-LR-induced adherent junction damage in vivo and in vitro, as well as the number of atretic follicles. Taken together, findings from the present study indicated that JNK is involved in MC-LR-induced granulosa cell adherent junction damage, which accelerated follicular atresia. Our study clarified a novel mechanism of MC-LR-caused ovarian toxicity, providing a theoretical foundation for protecting female reproductive health from environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongxia Xin
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fufang Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Labohá P, Sychrová E, Brózman O, Sovadinová I, Bláhová L, Prokeš R, Ondráček J, Babica P. Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and lipopolysaccharides in aerosols from inland freshwater bodies and their effects on human bronchial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104073. [PMID: 36738853 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Components of cyanobacterial water blooms were quantified in aerosols above agitated water surfaces of five freshwater bodies. The thoracic and respirable aerosol fraction (0.1-10 µm) was sampled using a high-volume sampler. Cyanotoxins microcystins were detected by LC-MS/MS at levels 0.3-13.5 ng/mL (water) and < 35-415 fg/m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) were quantified by Pyrogene rFC assay at levels < 10-119 EU/mL (water) and 0.13-0.64 EU/m3 (aerosol). Cyanobacterial DNA was detected by qPCR at concentrations corresponding to 104-105 cells eq./mL (water) and 101-103 cells eq./m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides isolated from bloom samples induced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2B, while extracted cyanobacterial metabolites induced both pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Bloom components detected in aerosols and their bioactivities observed in upper respiratory airway epithelial cells together indicate that aerosols formed during cyanobacterial water blooms could induce respiratory irritation and inflammatory injuries, and thus present an inhalation health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Labohá
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Brózman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Atmospheric Matter Fluxes and Long-range Transport, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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55
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Song Q, Huang S, Yang S, Zhu H, Luo X, Zheng Z. Mechanism of cyanobacterial bloom control by magnetic lanthanum-based material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160603. [PMID: 36464049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism of magnetic P-inactivating material on cyanobacterial bloom control was investigated by adding magnetic lanthanum-based material (MLC-10) in different stages of cyanobacterial growth during a 30-day cultivation experiment. The results showed that adding MLC-10 could rapidly reduce the available phosphorus, achieve phosphorus limitation in water body, and inhibit cyanobacterial blooms in the water column. In particular, the addition of MLC-10 at the early stage of cyanobacterial growth (day 0) achieved 97.5% bloom control. Additionally, cyanobacteria was captured and precipitated by MLC-10, and the floating ability of cyanobacteria was reduced. The results of antioxidant enzyme activities showed that adding MLC-10 may cause damage to the activity of cyanobacteria and induce stress response of cyanobacterial cells, which increased with increasing of exposure time. Besides, the results of metabolomics further suggested that adding MLC-10 mainly affected the amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and tRNA synthesis of cyanobacteria, which lead to the damage to cells' activities and membrane transport. These results provide insight into the mechanism of MLC-10 as a magnetic P-inactivating material on cyanobacterial bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Song
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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56
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Tychonema sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020442. [PMID: 36851656 PMCID: PMC9958718 DOI: 10.3390/v15020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial expansion is harmful to the environment, the ecology of Lake Baikal and the economy of nearby regions and can be dangerous to people and animals. Since 2011, the process of colonisation of the lake with potentially toxic cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Tychonema has continued. An understanding of the mechanism of successful expansion of Tychonema requires scrutiny of biological and genomic features. Tychonema sp. BBK16 was isolated from the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. The morphology of BBK16 biofilm was studied with light, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilm is based on filaments of cyanobacteria, which are intertwined like felt; there are also dense fascicles of rope-like twisted filaments that impart heterogeneity to the surface of the biofilm. Genome sequencing, intergenomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that Tychonema sp. BBK16 represent a new species related to planktic cyanobacterium Tychonema bourrellyi, isolated from Alpine lentic freshwater. Genome investigation revealed the genes possibly responsible for the mixotrophic lifestyle. The presence of CRISPR-Cas and restriction modification defence mechanisms allowed to suggest the existence of phages infecting Tychonema sp. BBK16. Analysis of CRISPR spacers and prophage-derived regions allowed to suggest related cyanophages. Genomic analysis supported the assumption that mobile elements and horizontal transfer participate in shaping the Tychonema sp. BBK16 genome. The findings of the current research suggest that the aptitude of Tychonema sp. BBK16 for biofilm formation and, possibly, its mixotrophic lifestyle provide adaptation advantages that lead to the successful expansion of this cyanobacterium in the Baikal's conditions of freshwater lake environments.
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57
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Abdullah Al M, Wang W, Jin L, Chen H, Xue Y, Jeppesen E, Majaneva M, Xu H, Yang J. Planktonic ciliate community driven by environmental variables and cyanobacterial blooms: A 9-year study in two subtropical reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159866. [PMID: 36328255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that environmental variability and cyanobacterial blooms have major effects on the assembly and functioning of bacterial communities in both marine and freshwater habitats. It remains unclear, however, how the ciliate community responds to such changes over the long-term, particularly in subtropical lake and reservoir ecosystems. We analysed 9-year planktonic ciliate data series from the surface water of two subtropical reservoirs to elucidate the role of cyanobacterial bloom and environmental variabilities on the ciliate temporal dynamics. We identified five distinct periods of cyanobacterial succession in both reservoirs. Using multiple time-scale analyses, we found that the interannual variability of ciliate communities was more strongly related to cyanobacterial blooms than to other environmental variables or to seasonality. Moreover, the percentage of species turnover across cyanobacterial bloom and non-bloom periods increased significantly with time over the 9-year period. Phylogenetic analyses further indicated that 84 %-86 % of ciliate community turnover was governed by stochastic dispersal limitation or undominated processes, suggesting that the ciliate communities in subtropical reservoirs were mainly controlled by neutral processes. However, short-term blooms increased the selection pressure and drove 30 %-53 % of the ciliate community turnover. We found that the ciliate community composition was influenced by environmental conditions with nutrients, cyanobacterial biomass and microzooplankton having direct and/or indirect significant effects on the ciliate taxonomic or functional community dynamics. Our results provide new insights into the long-term temporal dynamics of planktonic ciliate communities under cyanobacterial bloom disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamun Abdullah Al
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli-Mersin 33731, Turkey
| | - Markus Majaneva
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henglong Xu
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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58
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Du X, Liu H, Tian Z, Zhang S, Shi L, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhang B, Yuan S, Zeng X, Zhang H. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mediated-cell cycle dysregulation contribute to malignant proliferation of mouse spermatogonia induced by microcystin-leucine arginine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:343-358. [PMID: 36288207 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cyanotoxin exposure may be a trigger of testicular cancer. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the critical molecular event in testicular carcinogenesis. As a widespread cyanotoxin, microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is known to induce cell malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. However, the effects of MC-LR on the regulatory mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in seminoma, the most common testicular tumor, are unknown. In this study, mouse spermatogonia cell line (GC-1) and nude mice were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of MC-LR on the malignant transformation of spermatogonia by nude mouse tumorigenesis assay, cell migration invasion assay, western blot, and cell cycle assay, and so forth. The results showed that, after continuous exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (20 nM) for 35 generations, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of GC-1 cells were increased by 120%, 340%, and 370%, respectively. In nude mice, MC-LR-treated GC-1 cells formed tumors with significantly greater volume (0.998 ± 0.768 cm3 ) and weight (0.637 ± 0.406 g) than the control group (0.067 ± 0.039 cm3 ; 0.094 ± 0.087 g) (P < .05). Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its downstream proteins (c-MYC, CDK4, CCND1, and MMP14) activated by MC-LR. Blocking PI3K alleviated MC-LR-induced cell cycle disorder and malignant proliferation, migration and invasive of GC-1 cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that MC-LR can induce malignant transformation of mouse spermatogonia, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated cell cycle dysregulation may be an important target for malignant proliferation. This study provides clues to further reveal the etiology and pathogenesis of seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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59
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Wang S, Zhang X, Wang C, Chen N. Temporal continuous monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu at an hourly scale using machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159480. [PMID: 36265631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms in most lakes exhibit extraordinary changes in time and space. Herein, a cyanobacterial prediction model was designed for Lake Taihu based on a machine learning method. This method can generate temporally continuous (24 moments throughout the day) cyanobacterial data at a fine spatial scale of 9 km. The hourly meteorological data for 24 moments of the day were obtained from ERA5-Land data. Areal coverage of cyanobacterial blooms was derived from the hourly Geostationary Ocean Color Imager reflectance data observed only eight times a day (from ~8:00 to ~15:00, UTC+8). The cyanobacterial and meteorological data of eight moments in Lake Taihu from 2011 to 2020 were used to design the prediction model. The results were compared and validated employing nine training strategies to determine the best cyanobacterial prediction model for Lake Taihu (R = 0.42; root mean square error = 0.10). With the best-fitted model utilizing meteorological data (2011-2020), the area coverage of cyanobacterial blooms at the other 16 moments during a day were estimated. Based on this, the regional and temporal characteristics of diurnal bloom variation were evaluated at an hourly scale. The results indicated that the hourly variations in the areal coverage of cyanobacterial blooms at 24 moments of the day had similar patterns in each subregion of Lake Taihu with minor seasonal variations. The six meteorological variables adopted to construct the model had similar diurnal changes but with diverse value ranges among the seasons. Further analysis revealed that three meteorological variables (temperature, surface pressure, and evaporation) were positively related to diurnal bloom variations at an hourly scale. Overall, these results illustrate that meteorological conditions can affect the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms at multiple time scales (e.g., hourly, daily, or monthly). The developed cyanobacterial prediction model can provide cyanobacterial data when cyanobacterial data is unavailable for the target waterbody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Nengcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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60
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Garamszegi SP, Banack SA, Duque LL, Metcalf JS, Stommel EW, Cox PA, Davis DA. Detection of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine in postmortem olfactory bulbs of Alzheimer's disease patients using UHPLC-MS/MS: An autopsy case-series study. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:87-96. [PMID: 36691605 PMCID: PMC9860447 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyanobacterial blooms produce toxins that may become aerosolized, increasing health risks through inhalation exposures. Health related effects on the lower respiratory tract caused by these toxins are becoming better understood. However, nasal exposures to cyanotoxins remain understudied, especially for those with neurotoxic potential. Here, we present a case series study evaluating exposure to β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a cyanobacterial toxin linked to neurodegenerative disease, in postmortem olfactory tissues of individuals with varying stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Olfactory bulb (Ob) tissues were collected during autopsies performed between 2014 and 2017 from six South Florida brain donors (ages 47-78) with residences less than 140 m from a freshwater body. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method validated according to peer AOAC International guidelines was used to detect BMAA and two BMAA isomers: 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG). Quantitative PCR was performed on the contralateral Ob to evaluate the relative expression of genes related to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 & IL-18), apoptotic pathways (CASP1 & BCL2), and mitochondrial stress (IRF1 & PINK1). Immunohistochemistry was also performed on the adjacent olfactory tract (Ot) to evaluate co-occurring neuropathology with BMAA tissue concentration. Results BMAA was detected in the Ob of all cases at a median concentration of 30.4 ng/g (Range <LLOQ - 488.4 ng/g). Structural isomers were also detected with median concentrations of 28.8 ng/g (AEG) and 103.6 ng/g (2,4-DAB). In addition, we found that cases with BMAA tissue concentrations above the <LLOQ also displayed increased expression of IL-6 (3.3-fold), CASP1 (1.7-fold), and IRF1 (1.6-fold). Reactive microglial, astrogliosis, myelinopathy, and neuronopathy of axonal processes in the Ot were also observed in cases with higher BMAA tissue concentrations. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the cyanobacterial toxin BMAA can be detected in the olfactory pathway, a window to the brain, and its presence may increase the occurrence of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive glia, and toxicity to axonal processes. Further studies will be needed to evaluate BMAA's toxicity via this route of exposure and factors that increase susceptibility.
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Key Words
- 2,4-DAB, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AEG, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine
- ALS/PDC, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ parkinsonism dementia complex
- BMAA, β-N-methylamino-l-alanine
- CBs, Cyanobacterial blooms
- Cyanobacteria
- Cyanotoxin
- IL-6
- Inflammation
- OD, Olfactory dysfunction
- Ob, Olfactory bulb
- Olfactory dysfunction
- Ot, Olfactory tract
- UHPLC-MS/MS, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sandra Anne Banack
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
| | - Linda L. Duque
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - James S. Metcalf
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
| | - Elijah W. Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Department of Neurology, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Paul Alan Cox
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Yu B, Li X, He M, Li Y, Ding J, Zhong Y, Zhang H. Selective production of singlet oxygen for harmful cyanobacteria inactivation and cyanotoxins degradation: Efficiency and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129940. [PMID: 36108496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the impact of singlet oxygen (1O2) on the characteristics and inactivation of harmful cyanobacterial organic matter is limited. In this study, the feasibility of using an improved single-iron doped graphite-like phase carbon nitride catalyst (FeCN) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic production of 1O2 to inactivate four harmful cyanobacteria was investigated. The inactivation efficiencies at 30 min were 92.77%, 66.84%, 91.06%, and 93.45% for Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), Nodularia harveyana, Oscillatoria sp., and Nostoc sp., respectively. This was associated with adjusting experimental parameters, such as the FeCN and PMS doses and initial pH, to obtain the maximum 1O2 yield. The quenching experiment results and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that 1O2 generated via the non-radical pathway might play a dominant role in inactivating harmful cyanobacteria and degrading harmful algal toxins (Microcystin-LR and Nodularin). In addition, the FeCN-PMS system not only effectively destroyed the integrity of harmful cyanobacterial cells but also effectively degraded cyanobacterial toxins, thereby preventing severe secondary contamination by cell rupture. A possible removal mechanism was proposed. This reveals the potential of 1O2 to simultaneously inactivate harmful cyanobacteria and degrade harmful cyanobacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Yu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xizi Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfan He
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuchi Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yang G, Su H, Zhu J, Xu L, Wu Y, Liu G, Hu X. Effect of different mixing modes on the abundance of Microcystis in Lake Taihu under green light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10158-10164. [PMID: 36071361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light and hydrodynamic force are important physical factors affecting growth of Microcystis. The most recent study found that green light has good effect in inhibiting growth of Microcystis. To understand the effect of mixing modes on Microcystis under the green light, we investigated the effects of continuous mixing and intermittent mixing on the abundance of Microcystis in Taihu Lake under field conditions. The study results found that abundance of Microcystis in control, intermittent mixing group, and continuous mixing group decreased 76.62%, 40.36%, and 95.18% on day 7 compared with that on day 1 in this experiment. At the end of the experiment, abundance percentages of diatoms and green algae to total phytoplankton abundance were 1.57% and 0.48% in control, 2.32% and 0.67% in intermittent mixing group, and 22.47% and 20.27% in continuous mixing group. The results indicated that continuous mixing favored the removal of Microcystis under green light conditions and was helpful for the growth of green algae and diatoms. The results provide a new approach for the control of Microcystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hua Su
- Wuxi River and Lake Governance and Water Resources Management Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Wuxi River and Lake Governance and Water Resources Management Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yunrui Wu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, Wuxi, 214128, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- School of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Wang S, Zhang X, Chen N, Tian L, Zhang Y, Nam WH. A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of the relationships between driving forces and cyanobacterial blooms at global scale. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114670. [PMID: 36341794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of cyanobacterial blooms poses a major risk to the safety of freshwater resources. As a result, many explorations have been performed at a regional scale to determine the underlying impact mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms for one or several waterbodies. However, two questions still need to be answered quantitatively at a global scale to assist the water management. One is to specify which factors were often selected as the driving forces of cyanobacterial blooms, and the other is to estimate their quantitative relationships. For that, this paper applied a systematic literature review for 41 peer-reviewed studies published before May 2021 and a statistical meta-analysis based on the Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients from 27 studies. These results showed that the water quality, hydraulic conditions, meteorological conditions and nutrient levels were often considered the driving forces of cyanobacterial blooms in global freshwater systems. Among these, meteorological conditions and nutrient level had the highest probability of being chosen as the driving force. In addition, knowledge of the quantitative relationships between these driving forces and cyanobacterial blooms was newly synthesized based on the correlation coefficients. The results indicated that, at a global scale, meteorological conditions were negatively related to cyanobacterial blooms, and other driving forces, such as water quality, hydraulic conditions and nutrient levels, were positively related to cyanobacterial blooms. In addition, the measurement indicators of these driving forces had diverse forms. For example, the nutrient level can be measured by the concentration of different forms of nitrogen or phosphorus, which may lead to different results in correlation analysis. Thus, a subgroup meta-analysis was necessary for the subdivided driving forces and cyanobacterial blooms, which had a better accuracy. Overall, the synthesized knowledge can help guide advanced cyanobacteria-centered water management, especially when the necessary cyanobacterial data of targeting waterbodies are inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Nengcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Liqiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Won-Ho Nam
- School of Social Safety and Systems Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Environmental Science, National Agricultural Water Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Lindberg P, Kenkel A, Bühler K. Introduction to Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:1-24. [PMID: 37009973 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are highly interesting microbes with the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis. They fulfill an important purpose in nature but are also potent biocatalysts. This chapter gives a brief overview of this diverse phylum and shortly addresses the functions these organisms have in the natural ecosystems. Further, it introduces the main topics covered in this volume, which is dealing with the development and application of cyanobacteria as solar cell factories for the production of chemicals including potential fuels. We discuss cyanobacteria as industrial workhorses, present established chassis strains, and give an overview of the current target products. Genetic engineering strategies aiming at the photosynthetic efficiency as well as approaches to optimize carbon fluxes are summarized. Finally, main cultivation strategies are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amelie Kenkel
- Helmholtzcenter for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Helmholtzcenter for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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65
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Struewing I, Sienkiewicz N, Zhang C, Dugan N, Lu J. Effective Early Treatment of Microcystis Exponential Growth and Microcystin Production with Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxyapatite. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:3. [PMID: 36668822 PMCID: PMC9864239 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigating cyanotoxin production is essential to protecting aquatic ecosystems and public health. However, current harmful cyanobacterial bloom (HCB) control strategies have significant shortcomings. Because predicting HCBs is difficult, current HCB control strategies are employed when heavy HCBs have already occurred. Our pilot study developed an effective HCB prediction approach that is employed before exponential cyanobacterial growth and massive cyanotoxin production can occur. We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting the toxin-encoding gene mcyA to signal the timing of treatment. When control measures were applied at an early growth stage or one week before the exponential growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (predicted by qPCR signals), both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the adsorbent hydroxyapatite (HAP) effectively stopped M. aeruginosa growth and microcystin (MC) production. Treatment with either H2O2 (10 mg·L-1) or HAP (40 µm particles at 2.5 g·L-1) significantly reduced both mcyA gene copies and MC levels compared with the control in a dose-dependent manner. While both treatments reduced MC levels similarly, HAP showed a greater ability to reduce mcyA gene abundance. Under laboratory culture conditions, H2O2 and HAP also prevented MC production when applied at the early stages of the bloom when mcyA gene abundance was below 105 copies·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Struewing
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Nathan Sienkiewicz
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Nicholas Dugan
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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66
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Pan L, Huang JJ, Chen J, He X, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang B. Trace determination of multiple hydrophilic cyanotoxins in freshwater by off- and on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158545. [PMID: 36075415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic cyanotoxins (HCTs), such as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), anatoxin-a (ATX-a), and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are highly toxic and toxin-producing algae are widely distributed worldwide. However, HCTs, especially PSTs, are rarely reported in freshwater due to analytical limitations. This may result in an underestimation of the ecological risks and health risks. This study developed a new method to detect ATX-a, CYN, and thirteen common PSTs in freshwater simultaneously by using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) of all targets were lower than 0.05 μg/L, which could meet the regulatory requirements for monitoring of HCTs in drinking water in different countries and regions. To improve the detection sensitivities for trace PSTs, a method based on off-line SPE and on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS was established with LOD around 0.001 μg/L. GTX1&4, GTX2&3, and GTX5 were detected in freshwater in China for the first time, highlighting that overall communities are facing potential risks of exposure to various PSTs in China. High concentrations of ATX-a and CYN were also detected in freshwater from Northern China. The proposed method helps to understand the pollution status of HCT in water bodies, especially during the non-algal bloom period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinhui Jeanne Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuping He
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
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Exley G, Page T, Thackeray SJ, Folkard AM, Couture RM, Hernandez RR, Cagle AE, Salk KR, Clous L, Whittaker P, Chipps M, Armstrong A. Floating solar panels on reservoirs impact phytoplankton populations: A modelling experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116410. [PMID: 36352716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) deployments are increasing globally as the switch to renewable energy intensifies, representing a considerable water surface transformation. FPV installations can potentially impact aquatic ecosystem function, either positively or negatively. However, these impacts are poorly resolved given the challenges of collecting empirical data for field or modelling experiments. In particular, there is limited evidence on the response of phytoplankton to changes in water body thermal dynamics and light climate with FPV. Given the importance of understanding phytoplankton biomass and species composition for managing ecosystem services, we use an uncertainty estimation approach to simulate the effect of FPV coverage and array siting location on a UK reservoir. FPV coverage was modified in 10% increments from a baseline with 0% coverage to 100% coverage for three different FPV array siting locations based on reservoir circulation patterns. Results showed that FPV coverage significantly impacted thermal properties, resulting in highly variable impacts on phytoplankton biomass and species composition. The impacts on phytoplankton were often dependent on array siting location as well as surface coverage. Changes to phytoplankton species composition were offset by the decrease in phytoplankton biomass associated with increasing FPV coverage. We identified that similar phytoplankton biomass reductions could be achieved with less FPV coverage by deploying the FPV array on the water body's faster-flowing area than the central or slower flowing areas. The difference in response dependent on siting location could be used to tailor phytoplankton management in water bodies. Simulation of water body-FPV interactions efficiently using an uncertainty approach is an essential tool to rapidly develop understanding and ultimately inform FPV developers and water body managers looking to minimise negative impacts and maximise co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Exley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Trevor Page
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Folkard
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul-Marie Couture
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, UC Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexander E Cagle
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, UC Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Lucie Clous
- JBA Consulting, 1 Broughton Park, Skipton, BD23 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Peet Whittaker
- JBA Consulting, 1 Broughton Park, Skipton, BD23 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chipps
- Thames Water Research, Development and Innovation, Kempton Park AWTW, Feltham Hill Road, Hanworth, TW13 6XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alona Armstrong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Energy Lancaster, Science & Technology Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom
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Toušová Z, Priebojová J, Javůrek J, Večerková J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Sychrová E, Smutná M, Hilscherová K. Estrogenic and retinoid-like activity in stagnant waters with mass occurrence of water blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158257. [PMID: 36037903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stagnant freshwaters can be affected by anthropogenic pollution and eutrophication that leads to massive growth of cyanobacteria and microalgae forming complex water blooms. These can produce various types of bioactive compounds, some of which may cause embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption and impair animal or human health. This study focused on potential co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in diverse stagnant freshwaters affected by phytoplankton blooms with varying taxonomic composition. Samples of phytoplankton bloom biomass and its surrounding water were collected from 17 independent stagnant water bodies in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Total estrogenic equivalents (EEQ) of the most potent samples reached up to 4.9 ng·g-1 dry mass (dm) of biomass extract and 2.99 ng·L-1 in surrounding water. Retinoic acid equivalent (REQ) measured by in vitro assay reached up to 3043 ng·g-1 dm in phytoplankton biomass and 1202 ng·L-1in surrounding water. Retinoid-like and estrogenic activities at some sites exceeded their PNEC and effect-based trigger values, respectively. The observed effects were not associated with any particular species of cyanobacteria or algae dominating the water blooms nor related to phytoplankton density. We found that taxonomically diverse phytoplankton communities can produce and release retinoid-like compounds to surrounding water, while estrogenic potency is likely related to estrogens of anthropogenic origin adsorbed to phytoplankton biomass. Retinoids occurring in water blooms are ubiquitous signalling molecules, which can affect development and neurogenesis. Selected water bloom samples (both water and biomass extracts) with retinoid-like activity caused effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro corresponding to those of equivalent all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations. Co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in stagnant water bodies as well as the potential of compounds produced by water blooms to interfere with neural differentiation should be considered in the assessment of risks associated with water blooms, which can comprise complex mixtures of natural and anthropogenic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Toušová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Priebojová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Javůrek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Večerková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Plaas HE, Paerl RW, Baumann K, Karl C, Popendorf KJ, Barnard MA, Chang NY, Curtis NP, Huang H, Mathieson OL, Sanchez J, Maizel DJ, Bartenfelder AN, Braddy JS, Hall NS, Rossignol KL, Sloup R, Paerl HW. Harmful cyanobacterial aerosolization dynamics in the airshed of a eutrophic estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158383. [PMID: 36057302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, the environmental controls on CHAB-derived aerosol and its potential public health impacts remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to 1) investigate the occurrence of microcystins (MC) and putatively toxic cyanobacterial communities in particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), 2) elucidate environmental conditions promoting their aerosolization, and 3) identify associations between CHABs and PM2.5 concentrations in the airshed of the Chowan River-Albemarle Sound, an oligohaline, eutrophic estuary in eastern North Carolina, USA. In summer 2020, during peak CHAB season, continuous PM2.5 samples and interval water samples were collected at two distinctive sites for targeted analyses of cyanobacterial community composition and MC concentration. Supporting air and water quality measurements were made in parallel to contextualize findings and permit statistical analyses of environmental factors driving changes in CHAB-derived aerosol. MC concentrations were low throughout the study, but a CHAB dominated by Dolichospermum occurred from late June to early August. Several aquatic CHAB genera recovered from Chowan River surface water were identified in PM2.5 during multiple time points, including Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Pseudanabaena. Cyanobacterial enrichment in PM2.5 was indistinctive between subspecies, but at one site during the early bloom, we observed the simultaneous enrichment of several cyanobacterial genera in PM2.5. In association with the CHAB, the median PM2.5 mass concentration increased to 8.97 μg m-3 (IQR = 5.15), significantly above the non-bloom background of 5.35 μg m-3 (IQR = 3.70) (W = 1835, p < 0.001). Results underscore the need for highly resolved temporal measurements to conclusively investigate the role that CHABs play in regional air quality and respiratory health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Ryan W Paerl
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Karsten Baumann
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Colleen Karl
- Chowan Edenton Environmental Group, PO Box 271, Tyner, NC 27980, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J Popendorf
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A Barnard
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Naomi Y Chang
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel P Curtis
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Hwa Huang
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Olivia L Mathieson
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Joel Sanchez
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Daniela J Maizel
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Amy N Bartenfelder
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Jeremy S Braddy
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Nathan S Hall
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Karen L Rossignol
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Randolph Sloup
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Hans W Paerl
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
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70
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Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415741. [PMID: 36555384 PMCID: PMC9779585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by Nodularia spumigena cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (KlariteTM substrate), hydrophobic Tienta® SpecTrimTM slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the KlariteTM substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10-8 M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.
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71
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Metz TT, Putnam SP, Scott GI, Ferry JL. Shoreline Drying of Microseira (Lyngbya) wollei Biomass Can Lead to the Release and Formation of Toxic Saxitoxin Analogues to the Water Column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16866-16872. [PMID: 36399599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The harmful, filamentous cyanobacteria Microseira (Lyngbya) wollei produces several toxic analogues of saxitoxin (Lyngbya wollei toxins 1-6, or LWTs 1-6), grows in shallow water, and can deposit significant biomass on nearby shorelines. Here, we show that the LWTs are stable in the biomass during subsequent drying but that the process facilitates the later release of LWTs upon return to the water column. Under basic conditions, LWTs hydrolyzed to generate products that were significantly more neurotoxic than the initial toxins. Aqueous LWTs were subjected to conditions of covarying temperature and pH, and their degradation rates and products were determined at each condition. LWTs 1, 5, and 6 degraded faster at pH ≥ 8 at all temperatures. Their degradation products, which included decarbamoyl saxitoxin and LWT 4, were consistent with a base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism and represented a net increase in total biomass toxicity normalized against the equivalent toxicity of saxitoxin. The corresponding pre-exponential terms and activation energies for hydrolysis were obtained for pH 6-10 over the temperature range 10-40 °C. A locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) regression was developed to predict the loss of parent toxins and subsequent products in the water column under conditions corresponding to those commonly encountered in cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryston T Metz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Samuel P Putnam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Geoffrey I Scott
- Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - John L Ferry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
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72
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Rattner BA, Wazniak CE, Lankton JS, McGowan PC, Drovetski SV, Egerton TA. Review of harmful algal bloom effects on birds with implications for avian wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102319. [PMID: 36470599 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Chesapeake Bay, along the mid-Atlantic coast of North America, is the largest estuary in the United States and provides critical habitat for wildlife. In contrast to point and non-point source release of pesticides, metals, and industrial, personal care and household use chemicals on biota in this watershed, there has only been scant attention to potential exposure and effects of algal toxins on wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. As background, we first review the scientific literature on algal toxins and harmful algal bloom (HAB) events in various regions of the world that principally affected birds, and to a lesser degree other wildlife. To examine the situation for the Chesapeake, we compiled information from government reports and databases summarizing wildlife mortality events for 2000 through 2020 that were associated with potentially toxic algae and HAB events. Summary findings indicate that there have been few wildlife mortality incidents definitively linked to HABs, other mortality events that were suspected to be related to HABs, and more instances in which HABs may have indirectly contributed to or occurred coincident with wildlife mortality. The dominant toxins found in the Chesapeake Bay drainage that could potentially affect wildlife are microcystins, with concentrations in water approaching or exceeding human-based thresholds for ceasing recreational use and drinking water at a number of locations. As an increasing trend in HAB events in the U.S. and in the Chesapeake Bay have been reported, additional information on HAB toxin exposure routes, comparative sensitivity among species, consequences of sublethal exposure, and better diagnostic and risk criteria would greatly assist in predicting algal toxin hazard and risks to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnett A Rattner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Catherine E Wazniak
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resource Assessment Service, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Peter C McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Serguei V Drovetski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Todd A Egerton
- Virginia Department of Health, Division of Shellfish Safety and Waterborne Hazards, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
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73
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Banerji A, Benesh K. Incorporating Microbial Species Interaction in Management of Freshwater Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Systems Science Challenge. AQUATIC ECOLOGY 2022; 3:570-587. [PMID: 36643215 PMCID: PMC9836389 DOI: 10.3390/ecologies3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water resources are critically important, but also pose risks of exposure to toxic and pathogenic microbes. Increasingly, a concern is toxic cyanobacteria, which have been linked to the death and disease of humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife in freshwater systems worldwide. Management approaches successful at reducing cyanobacterial abundance and toxin production have tended to be short-term solutions applied on small scales (e.g., algaecide application) or solutions that entail difficult multifaceted investments (e.g., modification of landscape and land use to reduce nutrient inputs). However, implementation of these approaches can be undermined by microbial species interactions that (a) provide toxic cyanobacteria with protection against the method of control or (b) permit toxic cyanobacteria to be replaced by other significant microbial threats. Understanding these interactions is necessary to avoid such scenarios and can provide a framework for novel strategies to enhance freshwater resource management via systems science (e.g., pairing existing physical and chemical approaches against cyanobacteria with ecological strategies such as manipulation of natural enemies, targeting of facilitators, and reduction of benthic occupancy and recruitment). Here, we review pertinent examples of the interactions and highlight potential applications of what is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Kasey Benesh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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74
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Benayache NY, Afri-Mehennaoui FZ, Kherief-Nacereddine S, Vo-Quoc B, Hushchyna K, Nguyen-Quang T, Bouaïcha N. Massive fish death associated with the toxic cyanobacterial Planktothrix sp. bloom in the Béni-Haroun Reservoir (Algeria). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80849-80859. [PMID: 35729384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In July 2017, a massive bloom of the potentially toxic cyanobacterial species Planktothrix sp. was observed in the Béni-Haroun Reservoir (Algeria), which was followed by a massive fish death. Many questions were raised in association with the role of cyanotoxins and the fish massive mortality. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the variability of physicochemical and cyanobacterial parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and microcystins) throughout the period of July 2017 to June 2018; and (2) to determine the free and total MC levels in viscera and muscle tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which are found dead in the considered reservoir in October 2017. Our results showed microcystin (MC) concentrations in water samples (by the protein phosphatase PP2A assay) had reached 651.2 ng MC-LR equiv./L. Total MC levels (free + bound) in the viscera and muscle tissues of sampled dead fish were at 960.24 and 438.54 µg MC-LR equiv./kg dw, respectively. It is assumed that high concentrations of MC observed in the tissues of common carp induced a strong degradation of the visceral contents resulting in the complete lysis of the hepatopancreas, and presumably the massive fish death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila-Yasmine Benayache
- Laboratoire Biologie Et Environnement, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution UMR 8079, Université Paris-Saclay, 12 Route 128 (Bât. IDEEV), 91190, Gif-sur Yvette, France.
| | | | - Saliha Kherief-Nacereddine
- Laboratoire Biologie Et Environnement, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Bao Vo-Quoc
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Kateryna Hushchyna
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tri Nguyen-Quang
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Noureddine Bouaïcha
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution UMR 8079, Université Paris-Saclay, 12 Route 128 (Bât. IDEEV), 91190, Gif-sur Yvette, France
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An G, Li J, Lu H, Guo Z. Nitrogen-dependent luteolin effect on Microcystis growth and microcystin-pollution risk - Novel mechanism insights unveiled by comparative proteomics and gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119848. [PMID: 35948113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytogenic allelochemical luteolin has potential to mitigate Microcystis-dominated cyanobacterial blooms (MCBs), but its algicidal effect against toxigenic Microcystis may be impacted by natural factors, especially nitrogen (N) level in waters. This study innovatively explored N-dependent effect of luteolin on Microcystis growth and its microcystins (MCs) production/release, and elucidated underlying mechanisms from proteomics and gene expression views. Generally, at each N level, rising luteolin dose progressively inhibited Microcystis growth by inhibiting proteins syntheses and genes expression involving light-capturing, photosynthetic electron transfer, Calvin cycle and phosphorus (P) acquisition, according to comparative proteomics and gene expression. At higher luteolin dose and lower N level, Microcystis cell tended to increase microcystins (MCs) production and conservation ability, with the highest increase degree observed at 12 mg/L luteolin and 0.5 mg/L N on day 10, reaching 1.96 and 2.68 folds of luteolin-free control, respectively, but decrease MC-release as extracellular MCs content (EMC), with inhibition ratio of 72.86%, 73.57%, 74.45% and 40.58%, 45.28%, 60.00% at rising N level under 12 mg/L luteolin stress on day 10 and 16, respectively. These enabled cellular defensive response of Microcystis to stronger stress and N limitation. Under luteolin stress, higher N level more strongly up-regulated numerous processes (e.g., oxidoreductase activity, ATP binding and transmembrane transport, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate, amino acids metabolism, metal ion-binding, P acquisition) as compensative protective responses to progressively down-regulated photosynthetic and ribosomal processes at higher N level, thus causing faster Microcystis growth than lower N level. This study provided novel insights for N-dependent effect and mechanisms of luteolin on MCBs mitigation and MCs risk control, and guided algicidal application of luteolin in different eutrophic-degree waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi An
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Haifeng Lu
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhonghui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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76
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Di Pippo F, Crognale S, Levantesi C, Vitanza L, Sighicelli M, Pietrelli L, Di Vito S, Amalfitano S, Rossetti S. Plastisphere in lake waters: Microbial diversity, biofilm structure, and potential implications for freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119876. [PMID: 35934149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Once dispersed in water, microplastic (MP) particles are rapidly colonised by aquatic microbes, which can adhere and grow onto solid surfaces in the form of biofilms. This study provides new insights on microbial diversity and biofilm structure of plastisphere in lake waters. By combining Fourier Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-throughput DNA sequencing, we investigated the microbial colonization patterns on floating MPs and, for the first time, the occurrence of eukaryotic core members and their possible relations with biofilm-forming bacterial taxa within the plastisphere of four different lakes. Through PCR-based methods (qPCR, LAMP-PCR), we also evaluated the role of lake plastisphere as long-term dispersal vectors of potentially harmful organisms (including pathogens) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in freshwater ecosystems. Consistent variation patterns of the microbial community composition occurred between water and among the plastisphere samples of the different lakes. The eukaryotic core microbiome was mainly composed by typical freshwater biofilm colonizers, such as diatoms (Pennales, Bacillariophyceaea) and green algae (Chlorophyceae), which interact with eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes of different trophic levels. Results also showed that MPs are suitable vectors of biofilm-forming opportunistic pathogens and a hotspot for horizontal gene transfer, likely facilitating antibiotic resistance spread in the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Pippo
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Levantesi
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Vitanza
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Pietrelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Amalfitano
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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77
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Cao Q, You B, Yao L, Liu W, Cheng C, Zhu B, Xie L. Behavior and fate of microcystin-LR in soils amended with biochar and peat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119913. [PMID: 35961568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activities such as irrigation with cyanobacteria-polluted water can lead to microcystins (MCs) migration from soil surface to the deeper layers, which could pose a potential risk to ground drinking water safety. The present study evaluated the sorption, degradation and leaching behavior of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in two different soils amended with biochar and peat. Results showed that both biochar and peat could significantly increase MC-LR sorption in both soils. The Freundlich unit capacity coefficient (Kf) of 2% biochar treatment were 2-3 times higher than those of the control treatment. Amendment of 2% peat greatly boosted the biodegradation of MC-LR, whereas amendment of 2% biochar significantly reduced the biodegradation of MC-LR in both soils. The half-lives of MC-LR were 4.99 d (Control), 5.59 d (2% Biochar) and 3.50 d (2% Peat) in soil A and 6.66 d (Control), 6.93 d (2% Biochar) and 5.13 d (2% Peat) in soil B, respectively. All the amendments, except treatment 1% Peat, could significantly reduce the recovery rates of MC-LR in the leachate of columns with both soils. Amendment of 2% biochar and 2% peat reduced the recovery rates of MC-LR by 15.87% and 8.6% in soil A and 18.4% and 10.3% in soil B, compared with the controls. This work provides a better understanding of the environmental behavior of MC-LR in soils with different amendments, which is also meaningful for groundwater protection in cyanobacterial-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Bensheng You
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Lei Yao
- College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Chuzhou University, 1 West Huifeng Road, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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78
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Wierenga J, Thomas MK, Ranjan R, Ibelings BW. Complex effects of chytrid parasites on the growth of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens across interacting temperature and light gradients. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:93. [PMID: 37938757 PMCID: PMC9723700 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chytrids are important drivers of aquatic ecosystems as phytoplankton parasites. The interaction between these parasites and their hosts are shaped by abiotic factors such as temperature and light. Here, we performed a full-factorial experiment to study how temperature and light interact to affect the dynamics of the bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and its chytrid parasite. We used a dynamic host-parasite model to explore how temperature and light affect long term dynamics. At low temperatures, chytrids do not survive. Higher light and temperature levels stimulated both phytoplankton and chytrid growth, with complex effects on their dynamics. Model exploration indicates that increasing temperature and light shifts equilibrium outcomes from P. rubescens persisting alone to stable coexistence and then to limit cycles. This provides an alternative biological explanation for why P. rubescens is mainly found in the relatively cold and dark lake metalimnion - it may enable avoidance of its parasite. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating how abiotic factors interact with biotic interactions to drive complex outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joren Wierenga
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mridul K Thomas
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Helmholtz Institute of Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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79
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Wei X, Wang S, Zhan Y, Kai T, Ding P. Sensitive Identification of Microcystin-LR via a Reagent-Free and Reusable Electrochemical Biosensor Using a Methylene Blue-Labeled Aptamer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080556. [PMID: 35892453 PMCID: PMC9332554 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a methylene blue (MB)-modified electrochemical aptamer (E-AB) sensor for determining microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The signal transduction of the sensor was based on changes in conformation and position of MB induced by the binding between MC-LR and the modified aptamer probe. In the absence of MC-LR, an aptamer probe was considered partially folded. After combining aptamer and MC-LR, the configuration of the aptamer probe changed and facilitated the electron transfer between MB and the electrode surface. As a result, an increased current response was observed. We optimized the parameters and evaluated the electrochemical performance of the sensor using square wave voltammetry (SWV). MC-LR was measured from 1.0 to 750.0 ng/L with a detection limit of 0.53 ng/L. The reliability of the method was verified by the determination of MC-LR in environmental real samples, such as pond water and tap water. Moreover, we demonstrated that this reagent-less biosensor could be regenerated and reused after rinsing with deionized water with good accuracy and reproducibility. As a reusable and regenerable E-AB sensor, this rapid, reagent-free, and sensitive sensing platform will facilitate routine monitoring of MC-LR in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wei
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.W.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shanlin Wang
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.W.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.W.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tianhan Kai
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.W.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Ping Ding
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.W.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (P.D.)
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80
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Erratt KJ, Creed IF, Trick CG. Harmonizing science and management options to reduce risks of cyanobacteria. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 116:102264. [PMID: 35710206 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Management of cyanobacteria has become an increasingly complex venture. Cyanobacteria risks have amplified as society moves forward in an era of accelerated global changes. The cyanobacteria management "pendulum" has progressively shifted from prevention to mitigation, with management considerations often put forth after bloom formation. A universal system (i.e., one-size-fits-all management) fails to provide a management path forward due to the inherent complexities of each lake. A tailored management plan is needed: the right species at the right time in the right place (i.e., the three Rs). The three Rs represent a customizable management strategy that is flexible and informed by advances in scientific understanding to lower cyanobacteria-associated risks. Identifying thresholds in risk tolerance, where thresholds are defined by community collectives, is essential to frame cyanobacteria management targets and to decide on what management interventions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Erratt
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Biology, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Irena F Creed
- Office of the Vice-Principal Research & Innovation, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Charles G Trick
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Biology, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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81
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Zhang X, Lei Z, Liu Y. Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge for municipal wastewater treatment: From concept to practice. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127201. [PMID: 35460841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing interest has been placed in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) in the journey towards the energy and carbon neutrality of municipal wastewater treatment. Different from aerobic granular sludge, the performance of MBGS is mainly determined by the mutualism and symbiosis between coexisting microalgae and bacteria. It appears from the literature that most of studies on MBGS were conducted at small benchtop scales under controlled conditions with synthetic wastewater. Therefore, this article attempts to look into the major engineering gaps between the knowledge generated from numerous laboratory research works and the large-scale application of MBGS, including massive production of MBGS, type of bioreactor, effect of alternate photo and dark metabolisms on effluent quality, resource recovery from waste MBGS, etc. It is clearly demonstrated that MBGS is still at its infant stage, and more effort is strongly needed to identify the technological bottlenecks of full-scale applications, while providing corresponding engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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82
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Guan R, Pang H, Liang Y, Shao Z, Gao X, Xu D, Feng X. Discovering trends and hotspots of biosafety and biosecurity research via machine learning. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6590367. [PMID: 35596953 PMCID: PMC9487701 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected hundreds of millions of people and killed millions of them. As an RNA virus, COVID-19 is more susceptible to variation than other viruses. Many problems involved in this epidemic have made biosafety and biosecurity (hereafter collectively referred to as ‘biosafety’) a popular and timely topic globally. Biosafety research covers a broad and diverse range of topics, and it is important to quickly identify hotspots and trends in biosafety research through big data analysis. However, the data-driven literature on biosafety research discovery is quite scant. We developed a novel topic model based on latent Dirichlet allocation, affinity propagation clustering and the PageRank algorithm (LDAPR) to extract knowledge from biosafety research publications from 2011 to 2020. Then, we conducted hotspot and trend analysis with LDAPR and carried out further studies, including annual hot topic extraction, a 10-year keyword evolution trend analysis, topic map construction, hot region discovery and fine-grained correlation analysis of interdisciplinary research topic trends. These analyses revealed valuable information that can guide epidemic prevention work: (1) the research enthusiasm over a certain infectious disease not only is related to its epidemic characteristics but also is affected by the progress of research on other diseases, and (2) infectious diseases are not only strongly related to their corresponding microorganisms but also potentially related to other specific microorganisms. The detailed experimental results and our code are available at https://github.com/KEAML-JLU/Biosafety-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.,Zhuhai Sub Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoyu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.,Zhuhai Sub Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.,BioMap, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65201, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
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83
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Lima ST, Fallon TR, Cordoza JL, Chekan JR, Delbaje E, Hopiavuori AR, Alvarenga DO, Wood SM, Luhavaya H, Baumgartner JT, Dörr FA, Etchegaray A, Pinto E, McKinnie SMK, Fiore MF, Moore BS. Biosynthesis of Guanitoxin Enables Global Environmental Detection in Freshwater Cyanobacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9372-9379. [PMID: 35583956 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) cause recurrent toxic events in global watersheds. Although public health agencies monitor the causal toxins of most cyanoHABs and scientists in the field continue developing precise detection and prediction tools, the potent anticholinesterase neurotoxin, guanitoxin, is not presently environmentally monitored. This is largely due to its incompatibility with widely employed analytical methods and instability in the environment, despite guanitoxin being among the most lethal cyanotoxins. Here, we describe the guanitoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and its rigorously characterized nine-step metabolic pathway from l-arginine in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024. Through environmental sequencing data sets, guanitoxin (gnt) biosynthetic genes are repeatedly detected and expressed in municipal freshwater bodies that have undergone past toxic events. Knowledge of the genetic basis of guanitoxin biosynthesis now allows for environmental, biosynthetic gene monitoring to establish the global scope of this neurotoxic organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T Lima
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil.,Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Timothy R Fallon
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer L Cordoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Endrews Delbaje
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Austin R Hopiavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Danillo O Alvarenga
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Steffaney M Wood
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hanna Luhavaya
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jackson T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Felipe A Dörr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Augusto Etchegaray
- Center for Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13087-571, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Shaun M K McKinnie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marli F Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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84
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The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Water Quality and Main Controlling Factors of Algal Blooms in Tai Lake, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Taking Tai Lake in China as the research area, a 3D water environment mathematical model was built. Combined with the LHS and Morris uncertainty and sensitivity analysis methods, the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were carried out. The main conclusions are: (1) The performance assessment of the 3D water environment mathematical model is good (R2 and NSE > 0.8) and is suitable for water quality research in large shallow lakes. (2) The time uncertainty study proves that the variation range of Chl-a is much larger than that of the other three water quality parameters and is more severe in summer and autumn. (3) The spatial uncertainty study proves that Chl-a is mainly present in the northwest lake area (heavily polluted area) and the other three water quality indicators are mainly present in the center. (4) The sensitivity results show that the main controlling factors of DO are ters (0.15) and kmsc (0.12); those of TN and TP are tetn (0.58) and tetp (0.24); and those of Chl-a are its own growth rate (0.14), optimal growth temperature (0.12), death rate (0.12), optimal growth light (0.11), and TP uptake rate (0.11). Thus, TP control is still the key treatment method for algal blooms that can be implemented by the Chinese government.
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85
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Keliri E, Adamou P, Efstathiou N, Kokkinidou D, Kapnisis K, Anayiotos AS, Mazur-Marzec H, Antoniou MG. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) granules enclosed in fabrics as an alternative H2O2 delivery system to combat Microcystis sp. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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86
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Lipopolysaccharide from the Cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. Induces Neutrophil Infiltration and Lung Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040267. [PMID: 35448876 PMCID: PMC9024439 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma, which predominates with neutrophils instead of eosinophils, is an increasing health concern. One potential source for the induction of neutrophil-predominant asthma is aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cyanobacteria have recently caused significant tidal blooms, and aerosolized cyanobacterial LPS has been detected near the cyanobacterial overgrowth. We hypothesized that cyanobacterial LPS contributes to lung inflammation by increasing factors that promote lung inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. To test this hypothesis, c57Bl/6 mice were exposed intranasally to LPS from the cyanobacterium member, Geitlerinema sp., in vivo to assess neutrophil infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from the bronchoalveolar fluid by ELISA. Additionally, we exposed the airway epithelial cell line, A549, to Geitlerinema sp. LPS in vitro to confirm that airway epithelial cells were stimulated by this LPS to increase cytokine production and the expression of the adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. Our data demonstrate that Geitlerinema sp. LPS induces lung neutrophil infiltration, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interferongamma as well as the chemokines IL-8 and RANTES. Additionally, we demonstrate that Geitlerinema sp. LPS directly activates airway epithelial cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and the adhesion molecule, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in vitro using the airway epithelial cell line, A549. Based on our findings that use Geitlerinema sp. LPS as a model system, the data indicate that cyanobacteria LPS may contribute to the development of glucocorticoid-resistant asthma seen near water sources that contain high levels of cyanobacteria.
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87
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Kang Y, Su G, Yu Y, Cao J, Wang J, Yan B. CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Aptasensor for On-Site and Highly Sensitive Detection of Microcystin-LR in Freshwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4101-4110. [PMID: 35263090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-site monitoring of trace organic pollutants with facile methods is critical to environmental pollutant prevention and control. Herein, we proposed a CRISPR-Cas12a-based aptasensor platform (named as MC-LR-Casor) for on-site and sensitive detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). After hybridization with blocker DNA, the MC-LR aptamers were conjugated to magnetic beads (MBs) to get the MB aptasensor. In the presence of MC-LR, their interactions with aptamers were triggered and the specific binding caused the release of blocker DNA. Using the programmability of the CRISPR-Cas system, the released blocker DNA was designed to activate a Cas12a-crRNA complex. Single strand DNA reporters were rapidly cleaved by the complex. Signal readout could be achieved by fluorometer or lateral flow strips, which were positively correlated to MC-LR concentration. Benefiting from the CRISPR-Cas12a amplification system, the proposed sensing platform exhibited high sensitivity and reached the limit of detection of ∼3 × 10-6 μg/L (fluorescence method) or 1 × 10-3 μg/L (lateral flow assay). In addition, the MC-LR-Casor showed excellent selectivity and good recovery rates, demonstrating their good applicability for real water sample analysis. During the whole assay, only two steps of incubation at a constant temperature were required and the results could be visualized when employing flow strips. Therefore, the proposed assay offered a simple and convenient alternative for in situ MC-LR monitoring, which may hold great promise for future environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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88
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Yang G, Zhong C, Pan W, Rui Z, Tang X, Yu R, Qiu W, Guo Y. Continuous hydrodynamic mixing weakens the dominance of Microcystis: evidences from microcosm and lab experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15631-15641. [PMID: 34633622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic mixing is one of the important environment factors in determining phytoplankton community compositions. Here the influences of continuous hydrodynamic mixing on abundance, morphology, and dominance of Microcystis were investigated in microcosm and lab experiments. Our research results showed that Cyanophyta contributed 57.16% to the total biomass in control, but Chlorophyta was the dominant group in continuous hydrodynamic mixing (CHM) group, contributing 76.54% to the total biomass in the microcosm experiment. The average number of Microcystis in control was 1.95 folds in CHM group. However, the mean abundance of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Pseudanabaena limnetica in CHM was 2.47 and 2.97 folds in control. In the lab experiment, the average number of Microcystis flos-aquae in control was 2.97 folds in CHM group. The mean size of M. flos-aquae colony in control (34.65 μm) group were significantly bigger than that in the CHM (26.78 μm) group. This research results demonstrated that continuous hydrodynamic mixing weakened the dominance of Microcystis, but was beneficial for the others algae (S. quadricauda and P. limnetica) and is helpful in understanding the effect of hydrodynamic mixing on Microcystis blooms in freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunni Zhong
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wenwen Pan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zheng Rui
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ruipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weijian Qiu
- Wuxi Taihu Lake Restoration Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Wuxi Taihu Lake Restoration Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214062, China
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89
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Zhang S, He X, Cao L, Tong Y, Zhao B, An W. A Novel Wide-Range Freshwater Cyanophage MinS1 Infecting the Harmful Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020433. [PMID: 35216026 PMCID: PMC8876498 DOI: 10.3390/v14020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa, as one of the major players in algal bloom, produces microcystins, which are strongly hepatotoxic, endangering human health and damaging the ecological environment. Biological control of the overgrowth of Microcystis with cyanophage has been proposed to be a promising solution for algal bloom. In this study, a novel strain of Microcystis cyanophage, MinS1, was isolated. MinS1 contains an icosahedral head approximately 54 nm in diameter and a 260 nm-long non-contractile tail. The phage genome consists of a linear, double-stranded 49,966 bp DNA molecule, which shares very low homology with known phages in the NCBI database (only 1% of the genome showed weak homology with known phages when analyzed by megablast). The phage contains 75 ORFs, of which 23 ORFs were predicted to code for proteins of known function, 39 ORFs were predicted to code for proteins of unknown function, and 13 ORFs showed no similarity to any protein sequences. Transmission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis showed that MinS1 belongs to the family Siphoviridae. Various experiments confirmed that the phage could infect several different orders of cyanobacteria, including Chroococcales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Hormogonales, and Synechococcales, indicating that it has a very broad host range. In addition, MinS1 has no known antibiotic tolerance genes, virulence genes, and tRNAs, and it is tolerant to temperature, pH, UV, and salinity, suggesting that MinS1 has good potential for application as a biological control agent against cyanobacterial blooms. This study expands the diversity and knowledge of cyanophages, and it provides useful information for the development of novel prevention and control measures against cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiaoqi He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Lei Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.H.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (W.A.); Tel.: +86-010-64451781 (Y.T.); +86-0311-80789731 (B.Z.); +86-010-52245228 (W.A.)
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (W.A.); Tel.: +86-010-64451781 (Y.T.); +86-0311-80789731 (B.Z.); +86-010-52245228 (W.A.)
| | - Wenlin An
- Department of Scientific Research Management, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (W.A.); Tel.: +86-010-64451781 (Y.T.); +86-0311-80789731 (B.Z.); +86-010-52245228 (W.A.)
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90
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A Classification-Based Machine Learning Approach to the Prediction of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Chilgok Weir, South Korea. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms appear by complex causes such as water quality, climate, and hydrological factors. This study aims to present the machine learning models to predict occurrences of these complicated cyanobacterial blooms efficiently and effectively. The dataset was classified into groups consisting of two, three, or four classes based on cyanobacterial cell density after a week, which was used as the target variable. We developed 96 machine learning models for Chilgok weir using four classification algorithms: k-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine. In the modeling methodology, we first selected input features by applying ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and solving a multi-collinearity problem as a process of feature selection, which is a method of removing irrelevant features to a target variable. Next, we adopted an oversampling method to resolve the problem of having an imbalanced dataset. Consequently, the best performance was achieved for models using datasets divided into two classes, with an accuracy of 80% or more. Comparatively, we confirmed low accuracy of approximately 60% for models using datasets divided into three classes. Moreover, while we produced models with overall high accuracy when using logCyano (logarithm of cyanobacterial cell density) as a feature, several models in combination with air temperature and NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen) using two classes also demonstrated more than 80% accuracy. It can be concluded that it is possible to develop very accurate classification-based machine learning models with two features related to cyanobacterial blooms. This proved that we could make efficient and effective models with a low number of inputs.
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91
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Yang Z, Hou J, Wu M, Miao L, Wu J, Li Y. A novel co-graft tannin-based flocculant for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs): The effect of charge density and molecular weight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150518. [PMID: 34583079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, we developed a series of co-graft tannin-based flocculants, TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC), with different charge densities (CDs) and molecular weights (MWs) and evaluated their algal-removal performances. The effects of TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) on the cell integrity of Microcystis aeruginosa and release of extracellular organic matter (EOM) and microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) in flocculation and floc storage were also studied. Results suggested that TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) could not only efficiently remove algal cells over a wide pH range (pH 3-11) but also EOM. CD and MW significantly affected flocculation performance and floc characteristics of TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC). A higher CD helped achieve a higher removal efficiency of algal cells and EOM, whereas a higher MW resulted in the formation of larger and more compact flocs. Furthermore, the larger and denser flocs could better protect algal cells and reduce the release of EOM during floc storage. Notably, algal cells in the TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) flocs did not appear to show signs of massive rupture nor did they release EOM and MC-LR extensively for at least 20 days of storage. The abundance and easy availability of tannin resources effectively reduce the cost of preparing tannin-based flocculants. Therefore, TA-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) can have broad application prospects in the management of cyanobacteria bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Miao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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92
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Multiclass cyanotoxin analysis in reservoir waters: Tandem solid-phase extraction followed by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 237:122929. [PMID: 34736666 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in all water bodies, including ocean water and fresh water sources, represents a risk for human health as eutrophication and climate change are enhancing their level of proliferation. For risk assessment and studies on occurrence, the development of reliable and sensitive analytical approaches able to cover a wide range of cyanotoxins is essential. This work describes the development of an HILIC-MS/MS multiclass method for the simultaneous analysis of eight cyanotoxins in reservoir water samples belonging to three different classes according to their chemical structure: cyclic peptides (microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR and nodularin), alkaloids (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a) and three non-protein amino acids isomers such as β-methylamino-L-alanine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine). A SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column was employed to achieve the chromatographic separation in less than 12 min. Previously, a novel sample treatment based on a tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) system using mixed cation exchange (MCX) and Strata-X cartridges was investigated with the aim of extracting and preconcentrating this chemically diverse group of cyanotoxins. The Strata-X cartridge, which was configured first in the line of sample flow, retained the low polar compounds and the MCX cartridge, which was at the bottom of the dual system, retained mainly the non-protein amino acids. The optimization procedure highlighted the importance of sample ion content for the recoveries of some analytes such as the isomers β-N-methylamino-L-alanine and 2-4-diaminobutyric acid. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recoveries, matrix effect and precision in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision. This work represents the first analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of these multiclass cyanotoxins in reservoir water samples, achieving LOQs in the very low range of 7·10-3 - 0.1 μg L-1. Despite high recoveries obtained at the LOQ concentration levels (101.0-70.9%), relative standard deviations lower than 17.5% were achieved.
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93
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Cui H, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Chen B. Ecotoxicological effects of DBPs on freshwater phytoplankton communities in co-culture systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126679. [PMID: 34332491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intensive disinfection of wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic might elevate the generation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which has triggered global concerns about their ecological risks to natural aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the toxicity of 17 DBPs typically present in wastewater effluents on three representative microalgae, including Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyta), Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyta), and Cyclotella sp. (Bacillariophyta) was investigated. The sensitivities of the three microalgae to DBPs varied greatly from species to species, indicating that DBPs may change the structure of phytoplankton communities. Later, co-cultures of these phytoplankton groups as a proxy of ecological freshwater scenario were conducted to explore the impacts of DBPs on phytoplankton community succession. M. aeruginosa became surprisingly dominant in co-cultures, representing over 50% after dosing with monochloroacetic acid (MCAA, 0.1-10 mg/L). The highest proportion of M. aeruginosa was 70.3% when exposed to 2 mg/L MCAA. Although Scenedesmus sp. dominated in monochloroacetonitrile (MCAN) exposure, M. aeruginosa accounted for no less than 30% even at 40 mg/L MCAN. In this study, DBPs disrupted the original inter-algal relationship in favor of M. aeruginosa, suggesting that DBPs may contribute to the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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94
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Cao L, Wang J, Wang Z, Yu S, Cheng Y, Ma J, Xie P. Inactivation of Microcystis Aeruginosa by peracetic acid combined with ultraviolet: Performance and characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117847. [PMID: 34794020 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of algae by a combined process of peracetic acid and ultraviolet irradiation (UV/PAA) was systematically investigated by choosing Microcystis aeruginosa as the reference algal species. Both hydroxyl (HO•) and organic radicals (RO•) contributed to the cell integrity loss and RO• played the dominant roles. The algae inactivation kinetics can be well fitted by the typical Hom model, showing that the inactivation kinetic curves followed a type of shoulder and exponential reduction. The initial shoulder might be induced by the protection from the cell wall. Although the results from the cell morphology, UV-vis spectra and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices analysis suggested the cell lysis and the release of algal organic matter (AOM) in the UV/PAA process, the AOM could be subsequently degraded. Humic acid (1 - 5 mg/L) inhibited the algal cell inactivation, and the presence of chloride (0.5 - 2 mM) had little effect on the cell viability reduction. However, the addition of bicarbonate (1 - 5 mM) promoted cell integrity loss. The UV/PAA process displayed better performance under the natural water background, demonstrating the extensive potential for the practical application of this approach. This study suggests that the UV/PAA process is an effective strategy for algae inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisan Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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95
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3D Impedimetric Biosensor for Cyanobacteria Detection in Natural Water Sources. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The excessive growth of cyanobacteria in freshwater sources produces the development of toxic blooms mainly due to the production of cyanotoxins. Here, a novel impedimetric biosensor based on a three-dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D-IDEA) for detection of cyanobacteria cells is reported. The 3D-IDEA sensor surface biofunctionalization was performed by means of the layer-by-layer method using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the anchoring layer and concanavalin A (Con A) as the bioreceptor to lipopolysaccharides of cyanobacteria cells. The developed PEI-Con A 3D-IDEA sensors show a linear response (R2 = 0.992) of the impedance changes (RS) versus the logarithm of cyanobacteria concentrations in the range of 102–105 cells·mL−1 with the detection limit of 100 cells·mL−1. Moreover, to prevent the interference from components that may be present in real water samples and minimize a possible sample matrix effect, a filtration methodology to recover cyanobacterial cells was developed. The proposed methodology allows 91.2% bacteria recovery, permitting to obtain results similar to controlled assays. The developed system can be used in aquatic environments to detect cyanobacteria and consequently to prevent the formation of blooms and the production of cyanotoxins. Con A can bind to most polysaccharides and so react with other types of bacteria. However, currently, on the market, it is not possible to find specific biorecognition elements for cyanobacteria. Taking into consideration the specificity of samples to be analyzed (natural water resources), it is difficult to expect high concentration of other bacteria. In this sense, the developed methodology may be used as an alarm system to select samples for more thorough and precise laboratory analysis.
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96
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García Y, Vera M, Giraldo JD, Garrido-Miranda K, Jiménez VA, Urbano BF, Pereira ED. Microcystins Detection Methods: A Focus on Recent Advances Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Anal Chem 2021; 94:464-478. [PMID: 34874146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadiris García
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan D Giraldo
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, 5480000 Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Karla Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, 4811230 Temuco, Chile
| | - Verónica A Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano, 4260000 Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo D Pereira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
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97
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Wang B, Zheng S, Huang Z, Hu Y, Zhu K. Fabrication of H 2O 2 slow-releasing composites for simultaneous Microcystis mitigation and phosphate immobilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149164. [PMID: 34325137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a widely accepted algicide in controlling cyanobacterial blooms. However, this method includes two disadvantages: 1) a low H2O2 concentration (<5 mg L-1) is required; 2) H2O2-induced cell lysis causes phosphorus (P) contamination. To overcome the drawbacks, a H2O2 slow-releasing composite (HSRC) based on calcium peroxide (CaO2) was fabricated to substitute liquid H2O2. According to the results, a higher CaO2 dose increased H2O2 yield and releasing rate. H2O2 yield of 160 mg L-1 CaO2 in HSRC reached 32.9 mg L-1 and its releasing rate was 0.407 h-1. In addition, a higher temperature decreased H2O2 yield and increased H2O2-releasing rate. Besides, HSRC endowed with a remarkable ability to immobilize P. Higher CaO2 dose, pH value, and temperature increased the rate of P immobilization. The highest rate was 0.185 h-1, which occurred with 160 mg L-1 CaO2 in HSRC at 25 °C and pH 8.0. Toxicity assays showed that HSRC exerted sustaining oxidative stress on Microcystis aeruginosa. Accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species resulted in the disruption of enzymatic systems and inactivation of photosystem. Tracking the variations of cell growth and H2O2 concentration during HSRC treatments, it suggested that the lethal effect on Microcystis aeruginosa was achieved with a super-low H2O2 concentration (<0.3 mg L-1). In addition, cell lysis did not cause a sudden rise in P concentration due to the P immobilization by HSRC. Therefore, HSRC successfully offsets the drawbacks of liquid H2O2 in mitigating cyanobacterial blooms. It may be a novel and promising algicide that not only kills cyanobacteria but also reduces eutrophication momentarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binliang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Shuaibo Zheng
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Zongken Huang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
| | - Kongxian Zhu
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430000, PR China
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98
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da Silva CG, Duque MD, Freire Nordi CS, Viana-Niero C. New insights into toxicity of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria using in silico ADMET prediction. Toxicon 2021; 204:64-71. [PMID: 34742780 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In silico methodologies can be used in the discovery of new drugs for measuring toxicity, predicting effects of substances not yet analyzed by in vivo methodologies. The ADMET Predictor® software (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity [ADMET]) was used in this work to predict toxic effects of microcystin variants MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-RR, and MC-HarHar. In the case of rodents, predictive results for all analyzed variants indicated carcinogenic potential. The predictive model of respiratory sensitivity in this group differentiated microcystins into 2 categories: sensitizer (MC-LR and -YR) and non-sensitizer (MC-HarHar and -RR). Predictive results for humans indicated that MC-LR and -RR are phospholipidosis inducers; on the other hand, MC-LR showed the highest predictive value of permeability in rabbit cornea and probability of crossing lipoprotein barriers (MC-LR>-YR>-HarHar>-RR). Considering bioavailable fractions, microcystins are more likely to cause biological effects in rats than humans, showing significant differences between models. The results of ADMET predictions add valuable information on microcystin toxicity, especially in the case of variants not yet studied experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia [Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology], Universidade Federal de São Paulo [Federal University of São Paulo], Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, Zip Code: 04023-901, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Duque
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Cristina Souza Freire Nordi
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais [Department of Environmental Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Viana-Niero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia [Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology], Universidade Federal de São Paulo [Federal University of São Paulo], Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, Zip Code: 04023-901, Brazil
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99
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Yilimulati M, Jin J, Wang X, Wang X, Shevela D, Wu B, Wang K, Zhou L, Jia Y, Pan B, Govindjee G, Zhang S. Regulation of Photosynthesis in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria with the Simplest β-Diketone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14173-14184. [PMID: 34590827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of photosynthesis is a fundamental strategy to solve the global challenge caused by harmful cyanobacterial blooms. However, there is a lack of specificity of the currently used cyanocides, because most of them act on cyanobacteria by generating nontargeted oxidative stress. Here, for the first time, we find that the simplest β-diketone, acetylacetone, is a promising specific cyanocide, which acts on Microcystis aeruginosa through targeted binding on bound iron species in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, rather than by oxidizing the components of the photosynthetic apparatus. The targeted binding approach outperforms the general oxidation mechanism in terms of specificity and eco-safety. Given the essential role of photosynthesis in both natural and artificial systems, this finding not only provides a unique solution for the selective control of cyanobacteria but also sheds new light on the ways to modulate photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihebai Yilimulati
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dmitry Shevela
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Hansha Scientific Instruments Limited, Tai'an 271099, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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100
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Wang Y, Feng M, Wang J, Chen X, Chen X, Du X, Xun F, Ngwenya BT. Algal blooms modulate organic matter remineralization in freshwater sediments: A new insight on priming effect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147087. [PMID: 33894606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a novel insight into the degradation of sediment organic matter (SOM) regulated by algae-derived organic matter (AOM) based on priming effect. We tracked the dynamics of SOM mineralization products and pathways, together with priming effects (PE) using the compound-specific stable isotope (δ13C) technique following addition of low- and high-density algal debris in sediments. We found that algal debris increased the total carbon oxidation rate, and resulted in denitrification and methanogenesis-dominated SOM mineralization. While iron reduction and sulphate reduction played important roles in the early period of algal accumulation. Total carbon oxidation rate and anaerobic rates (Ranaerobic) were higher in the amended treatments compared with that in the control. Analysis indicated that algal debris had a positive PE on SOM mineralization, which caused an intensified mineralization in the initial phase with over 80% of dissolved inorganic carbon deriving from SOM degradation. Total carbon oxidation rate of SOM deduced from priming effect (RTCOR-PE) was similar to Ranaerobic, further indicating SOM mineralization was a critical source of the end products. These findings deviate the causal focus from the decomposition of AOM, and confirm the accumulation of AOM as the facilitator of SOM mineralization. Our study offers empirical evidences to advance the traditional view on the effect of AOM on SOM mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xinfang Chen
- Hydrology and Water Resources College, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xiangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bryne Tendelo Ngwenya
- Microbial Geochemistry Laboratory, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
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