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Drug release and thermal properties of magnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanocomposite hydrogels based on poly(acrylic acid-g-N-isopropyl acrylamide) grafted onto gum ghatti. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:358-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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52
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Shekh MI, Zhu G, Xiong W, Wu W, Stadler FJ, Patel D, Zhu C. Dynamically bonded, tough, and conductive MXene@oxidized sodium alginate: chitosan based multi-networked elastomeric hydrogels for physical motion detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:604-620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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53
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From carbon nanotubes to ultra-sensitive, extremely-stretchable and self-healable hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Zhang Z, Lu T, Yang D, Lu S, Cai R, Tan W. A Dual-Function Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Flame and Humidity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203334. [PMID: 35986695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early warning sensors rapidly monitor critical temperatures, humidity, and fires, which are crucial to reduce or avoid natural disasters in complex environments, such as fire or water disasters. Here, a highly sensitive, readable, and dual-functional sensor is designed for a fast-response fire alarm and rapid humidity detection based on sustainable biological films (named MSCG films). The MSCG films are composed of grafted sisal nanofibers (MgC), silk nanofibers, graphene, and citric acid (CA). After crosslinking with CA, MSCG films exhibit good wet strength (i.e., 128.8 MPa) after soaking in 100 °C water, thus confirming that the films would be applicable to a broad temperature range in humid environments. After flame ignition, the MSCG films are rapidly carbonized to activate an alarm sound and a light in the circuit with a fire response time as short as 1 s. It exhibits ultrafast temperature response/recovery time (i.e., 0.1 s/0.3 s) and rapid humidity response time (i.e., 0.9 s). The dual-functional sensor is further assembled into a versatile sensor system for real-time monitoring of fire accidents and environmental humidity, which can be integrated into consumer electronics, such as portable laptops and mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuocai Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianyun Lu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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A Comparative Evaluation of the Structural and Biomechanical Properties of Food-Grade Biopolymers as Potential Hydrogel Building Blocks. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092106. [PMID: 36140206 PMCID: PMC9495968 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the structural and biomechanical properties of eight selected food-grade biopolymers (pea protein, wheat protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, inulin, maltodextrin, psyllium, and tara gum) as potential hydrogel building blocks. The prepared samples were investigated in terms of the volumetric gelling index, microrheological parameters, physical stability, and color parameters. Pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and psyllium samples had high VGI values (100%), low solid−liquid balance (SLB < 0.5), and high macroscopic viscosity index (MVI) values (53.50, 59.98, 81.58, and 45.62 nm−2, respectively) in comparison with the samples prepared using wheat protein, maltodextrin, and tara gum (SLB > 0.5, MVI: 13.58, 0.04, and 0.25 nm−2, respectively). Inulin had the highest elasticity index value (31.05 nm−2) and MVI value (590.17 nm−2). The instability index was the lowest in the case of pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and inulin (below 0.02). The color parameters and whiteness index (WI) of each biopolymer differed significantly from one another. Based on the obtained results, pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and psyllium hydrogels had similar structural and biomechanical properties, while inulin hydrogel had the most diverse properties. Wheat protein, maltodextrin, and tara gum did not form a gel structure.
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56
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Silver-Hydrogel/PDMS film with high mechanical strength for anti-interference strain sensor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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High-strain sensitive zwitterionic hydrogels with swelling-resistant and controllable rehydration for sustainable wearable sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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58
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Wang CG, Surat'man NEB, Chang JJ, Ong ZL, Li B, Fan X, Loh XJ, Li Z. Polyelectrolyte hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200604. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers SINGAPORE
| | | | - Jun Jie Chang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic research initiatives SINGAPORE
| | - Zhi Lin Ong
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers SINGAPORE
| | - Xiaotong Fan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers SINGAPORE
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic research initiatives SINGAPORE
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03Singapore 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
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Stretchable and Conductive Cellulose/Conductive Polymer Composite Films for On-Skin Strain Sensors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145009. [PMID: 35888475 PMCID: PMC9317044 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive composite materials have attracted considerable interest of researchers for application in stretchable sensors for wearable health monitoring. In this study, highly stretchable and conductive composite films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopehe):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (CMC-PEDOT:PSS) were fabricated. The composite films achieved excellent electrical and mechanical properties by optimizing the lab-synthesized PEDOT:PSS, dimethyl sulfoxide, and glycerol content in the CMC matrix. The optimized composite film exhibited a small increase of only 1.25-fold in relative resistance under 100% strain. The CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite film exhibited outstanding mechanical properties under cyclic tape attachment/detachment, bending, and stretching/releasing tests. The small changes in the relative resistance of the films under mechanical deformation indicated excellent electrical contacts between the conductive PEDOT:PSS in the CMC matrix, and strong bonding strength between CMC and PEDOT:PSS. We fabricated highly stretchable and conformable on-skin sensors based on conductive and stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films, which can sensitively monitor subtle bio-signals and human motions such as respiratory humidity, drinking water, speaking, skin touching, skin wrinkling, and finger bending. Because of the outstanding electrical properties of the films, the on-skin sensors can operate with a low power consumption of only a few microwatts. Our approach paves the way for the realization of low-power-consumption stretchable electronics using highly stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films.
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60
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Landi G, Granata V, Germano R, Pagano S, Barone C. Low-Power and Eco-Friendly Temperature Sensor Based on Gelatin Nanocomposite. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132227. [PMID: 35808063 PMCID: PMC9268468 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally-friendly temperature sensor has been fabricated by using a low-cost water-processable nanocomposite material based on gelatin and graphene. The temperature dependence of the electrochemical properties has been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The simple symmetric device, composed of a sandwich structure between two metal foils and a printable graphene–gelatin blend, exhibits a dependence on the open-circuit voltage in a range between 260 and 310 K. Additionally, at subzero temperature, the device is able to detect the ice/frost formation. The thermally-induced phenomena occur at the electrode/gel interface with a bias current of a few tens of μA. The occurrence of dissociation reactions within the sensor causes limiting-current phenomena in the gelatin electrolyte. A detailed model describing the charge carrier accumulation, the faradaic charge transfer and diffusion processes within the device under the current-controlled has been proposed. In order to increase the cycle stability of the temperature sensor and reduce its voltage drift and offset of the output electrical signal, a driving circuit has been designed. The eco-friendly sensor shows a temperature sensitivity of about −19 mV/K, long-term stability, fast response and low-power consumption in the range of microwatts suitable for environmental monitoring for indoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Veronica Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (S.P.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Roberto Germano
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, P.le V. Tecchio, 45, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (S.P.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (S.P.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (C.B.)
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61
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Gao D, Lv J, Lee PS. Natural Polymer in Soft Electronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105020. [PMID: 34757632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by nondegradable plastics has been a serious threat to environmental sustainability. Natural polymers, which can degrade in nature, provide opportunities to replace petroleum-based polymers, meanwhile driving technological advances and sustainable practices. In the research field of soft electronics, regenerated natural polymers are promising building blocks for passive dielectric substrates, active dielectric layers, and matrices in soft conductors. Here, the natural-polymer polymorphs and their compatibilization with a variety of inorganic/organic conductors through interfacial bonding/intermixing and surface functionalization for applications in various device modalities are delineated. Challenges that impede the broad utilization of natural polymers in soft electronics, including limited durability, compromises between conductivity and deformability, and limited exploration in controllable degradation, etc. are explicitly inspected, while the potential solutions along with future prospects are also proposed. Finally, integrative considerations on material properties, device functionalities, and environmental impact are addressed to warrant natural polymers as credible alternatives to synthetic ones, and provide viable options for sustainable soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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62
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Li J, Yang Z, Jiang Z, Ni M, Xu M. A self-healing and self-adhesive chitosan based ion-conducting hydrogel sensor by ultrafast polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1975-1984. [PMID: 35500766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, owing to the wide applications in electronic skin and human activity monitoring, flexible hydrogel strain sensors have attracted great attention. And the better preparation with more efficient is always common aspiration. In this work, acrylamide (AM) was in situ polymerized in chitosan (CS) matrix to prepare hydrogels (PAM@CS). Inspired by the adhesion of natural mussels, plant polyphenol tannic acid (TA) was introduced into the system, Fe3+ was also introduced as redox agent to perform an ultrafast polymerization, and the composite hydrogel PAM@CS/TA-Fe can be prepared at 60 °C within 1 min. The hydrogels are ion conductive and show good sensing performance in detecting major and subtle body motions. Benefiting from the multiple dynamic noncovalent bonds, the PAM@CS/TA-Fe hydrogels also show excellent adhesion performance and good self-healing property, which would expand their application range in wearable and flexible electronic equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengying Ni
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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63
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Lin JC, Liatsis P, Alexandridis P. Flexible and Stretchable Electrically Conductive Polymer Materials for Physical Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2059673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panos Liatsis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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64
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Xiang J, Yu R, Yang L, Zhao P, Wang R, Wu X, Peng B, Liu G. Breathable, Antibacterial, and Biocompatible Collagen Fiber Network Decorated with Zwitterionic Silver Nanoparticles for Plantar Pressure Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21645-21656. [PMID: 35473302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Foot plantar pressure monitoring and gait analysis are of great significant in footwear design, sport biomechanics, injury prevention, and early warning of disease. Flexible and wearable smart insoles pave a feasible way for these application scenarios. However, the majority of the currently developed smart insoles are composed of synthetic polymers (e.g., plastics, rubbers, etc.), leading to inevitable problems associated with air permeability, hygiene condition, biocompatibility, and wearing comfort. Here, a new paradigm of a natural collagen fiber network (CFN) with soft and breathable features, which can be obtained by facilely treating animal hides via conventional leather pretreatment process, is selected as substrate material for constructing smart insoles due to its high permeability and porosity. Further, biocompatible zwitterionic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with both carboxybetaine and catechol groups on the interface were designed for firmly and uniformly immobilization onto the hierarchical micro-/nanoscale fibers of CFN through mussel-inspired catechol/amino chemistry, giving rise to both good antibacterial property and pressure sensing capability of the resultant material. The finally developed smart insole by using the AgNPs decorated CFN exhibits good capability for plantar pressure mapping and gait feature analysis. Especially, the smart insole will be very suitable for pressure monitoring and gait analysis of a diabetic foot with sensitive skin that requires a high biocompatible and antibacterial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruiquan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Luming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Biyu Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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65
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Developing cellulosic functional materials from multi-scale strategy and applications in flexible bioelectronic devices. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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66
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Chen S, Wu Z, Chu C, Ni Y, Neisiany RE, You Z. Biodegradable Elastomers and Gels for Elastic Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105146. [PMID: 35212474 PMCID: PMC9069371 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable electronics are considered as an important bio-friendly solution for electronic waste (e-waste) management, sustainable development, and emerging implantable devices. Elastic electronics with higher imitative mechanical characteristics of human tissues, have become crucial for human-related applications. The convergence of biodegradability and elasticity has emerged a new paradigm of next-generation electronics especially for wearable and implantable electronics. The corresponding biodegradable elastic materials are recognized as a key to drive this field toward the practical applications. The review first clarifies the relevant concepts including biodegradable and elastic electronics along with their general design principles. Subsequently, the crucial mechanisms of the degradation in polymeric materials are discussed in depth. The diverse types of biodegradable elastomers and gels for electronics are then summarized. Their molecular design, modification, processing, and device fabrication especially the structure-properties relationship as well as recent advanced are reviewed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the future directions are proposed. The critical insights of biodegradability and elastic characteristics in the elastomers and gel allows them to be tailored and designed more effectively for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Zekai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Chengzhen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringHakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar9617976487Iran
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
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67
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Lan L, Ping J, Xiong J, Ying Y. Sustainable Natural Bio-Origin Materials for Future Flexible Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200560. [PMID: 35322600 PMCID: PMC9130888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible devices serve as important intelligent interfaces in various applications involving health monitoring, biomedical therapies, and human-machine interfacing. To address the concern of electronic waste caused by the increasing usage of electronic devices based on synthetic polymers, bio-origin materials that possess environmental benignity as well as sustainability offer new opportunities for constructing flexible electronic devices with higher safety and environmental adaptivity. Herein, the bio-source and unique molecular structures of various types of natural bio-origin materials are briefly introduced. Their properties and processing technologies are systematically summarized. Then, the recent progress of these materials for constructing emerging intelligent flexible electronic devices including energy harvesters, energy storage devices, and sensors are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of these flexible electronic devices including biomedical implants, artificial e-skin, and environmental monitoring are summarized. Finally, future challenges and prospects for developing high-performance bio-origin material-based flexible devices are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic summary of the latest advances in the natural bio-origin material-based flexible devices, which is expected to offer inspirations for exploitation of green flexible electronics, bridging the gap in future human-machine-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University2999 North Renmin RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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Yao B, Ye Z, Lou X, Yan Q, Han Z, Dong Y, Qu S, Wang Z. Wireless Rehabilitation Training Sensor Arrays Made with Hot Screen-Imprinted Conductive Hydrogels with a Low Percolation Threshold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12734-12747. [PMID: 35230075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a highly sensitive wireless rehabilitation training ball with a piezoresistive sensor array for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The piezoresistive material is a low percolation threshold conductive hydrogel which is formed with polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers (NFs) as a conductive filler derived from a polydopamine (PDA) template. The proton acid doping effect and molecular template of PDA are essential for endowing PPy NFs with a high aspect ratio, leading to a low percolation threshold (∼0.78 vol %) and a low Young's 004Dodulus of 37.69 kPa and hence easy deformation. The piezoresistive sensor exhibited a static and dynamic stability of 10,000 s and 15,000 cycle times, respectively. This stability could be attributed to the increased hydrophilicity of conductive fillers, enhancing the interfacial strength between the conductive filler and the matrix. The interaction between the PDA-PPy NFs and the hydrogel matrix endows the hydrogel with toughness and ensures the stability of the device. Additionally, the microdome structure of the conductive hydrogel, produced by hot screen-imprinting, dramatically improves the sensitivity of the piezoresistive sensor (∼856.14 kPa-1). The microdome conductive hydrogel can distinguish a subtle pressure of 15.40 Pa compared to the control hydrogel without a microstructure. The highly sensitive piezoresistive sensor has the potential to monitor the hand-grip force, which is not well controlled by patients with PD. The rehabilitation training ball assembled with a sensor array on the surface and a wireless chip for communication inside is built and used to monitor the pressure in real time through the WeChat applet. Thus, this work has significantly broadened the application of hydrogel-based flexible piezoresistive sensors for human activity monitoring, which provides a promising strategy to realize next-generation electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhihao Ye
- School of Computer Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiang Lou
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - QiLong Yan
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - ZheYi Han
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - YaBo Dong
- School of Computer Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zongrong Wang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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69
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Shahi S, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Talebi S, Mardani H. Chemical stimuli-induced reversible bond cleavage in covalently crosslinked hydrogels. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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70
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Hu Y, Liu N, Chen K, Liu M, Wang F, Liu P, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xiao X. Resilient and Self-Healing Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Hydrogel With Ion Conductivity, Low Water Loss, and Freeze-Tolerance for Flexible and Wearable Strain Sensor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837750. [PMID: 35223798 PMCID: PMC8874126 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel is a vital candidate for the fabrication of flexible and wearable electric sensors due to its good designability and biocompatibility. These well-designed conductive hydrogel–based flexible strain sensors show great potential in human motion monitoring, artificial skin, brain computer interface (BCI), and so on. However, easy drying and freezing of conductive hydrogels with high water content greatly limited their further application. Herein, we proposed a natural polymer-based conductive hydrogel with excellent mechanical property, low water loss, and freeze-tolerance. The main hydrogel network was formed by the Schiff base reaction between the hydrazide-grafted hyaluronic acid and the oxidized chitosan, and the added KCl worked as the conductive filler. The reversible crosslinking in the prepared hydrogel resulted in its resilience and self-healing feature. At the same time, the synthetic effect of KCl and glycerol endowed our hydrogel with outstanding anti-freezing property, while glycerol also endowed this hydrogel with anti-drying property. When this hydrogel was assembled as a flexible strain sensor, it showed good sensitivity (GF = 2.64), durability, and stability even under cold condition (−37°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Xiufeng Xiao,
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Xiufeng Xiao,
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71
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Li G, Li C, Li G, Yu D, Song Z, Wang H, Liu X, Liu H, Liu W. Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Fabricating Flexible Strain Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2101518. [PMID: 34658130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels can be prepared by incorporating various conductive materials into polymeric network hydrogels. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed and applied in the field of strain sensors owing to their unique properties, such as electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, self-healing, and anti-freezing properties. These remarkable properties allow conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors to show excellent performance for identifying external stimuli and detecting human body movement, even at subzero temperatures. This review summarizes the properties of conductive hydrogels and their application in the fabrication of strain sensors working in different modes. Finally, a brief prospectus for the development of conductive hydrogels in the future is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan (iAIR), Jinan, 250022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
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72
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Luo C, Xie S, Deng X, Sun Y, Shen Y, Li M, Fu W. From Micelle-like Aggregates to Extremely-stretchable, Fatigue-resistant, Highly-resilient and Self-healable Hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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73
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Chen Z, Tang J, Zhang N, Chen Y, Chen Y, Li H, Liu H. Dual-network sodium alginate/polyacrylamide/laponite nanocomposite hydrogels with high toughness and cyclic mechano-responsiveness. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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74
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Kakkalameli S, Daphedar AB, Faniband B, Sharma S, Nadda AK, Ferreira LFR, Bilal M, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Mulla SI. Biopolymers and Environment. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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75
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Ji SM, Kumar A. Cellulose-Derived Nanostructures as Sustainable Biomass for Supercapacitors: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 35012192 PMCID: PMC8747565 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biomass has attracted a great attention in developing green renewable energy storage devices (e.g., supercapacitors) with low-cost, flexible and lightweight characteristics. Therefore, cellulose has been considered as a suitable candidate to meet the requirements of sustainable energy storage devices due to their most abundant nature, renewability, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. Particularly, cellulose-derived nanostructures (CNS) are more promising due to their low-density, high surface area, high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical properties. Recently, various research activities based on CNS and/or various conductive materials have been performed for supercapacitors. In addition, CNS-derived carbon nanofibers prepared by carbonization have also drawn considerable scientific interest because of their high conductivity and rational electrochemical properties. Therefore, CNS or carbonized-CNS based functional materials provide ample opportunities in structure and design engineering approaches for sustainable energy storage devices. In this review, we first provide the introduction and then discuss the fundamentals and technologies of supercapacitors and utilized materials (including cellulose). Next, the efficacy of CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials is discussed. Further, various types of CNS are described and compared. Then, the efficacy of these CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials in developing sustainable energy storage devices is highlighted. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives are briefly conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Ji
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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76
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Koduru HK, Marinov YG, Scaramuzza N. Review on Microstructural and Ion‐conductivity Properties of Biodegradable Starch‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Koduru
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd. Sofia 1784 Bulgaria
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi della Calabria Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33B – 87036, Rende (CS), ‐ Italy Arcavacata di Rende Calabria Italy
| | - Yordan Georgiev Marinov
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd. Sofia 1784 Bulgaria
| | - Nicola Scaramuzza
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi della Calabria Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33B – 87036, Rende (CS), ‐ Italy Arcavacata di Rende Calabria Italy
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77
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Khan ZM, Wilts E, Vlaisavljevich E, Long TE, Verbridge SS. Electroresponsive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications in the Brain. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100355. [PMID: 34800348 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroresponsive hydrogels possess a conducting material component and respond to electric stimulation through reversible absorption and expulsion of water. The high level of hydration, soft elastomeric compliance, biocompatibility, and enhanced electrochemical properties render these hydrogels suitable for implantation in the brain to enhance the transmission of neural electric signals and ion transport. This review provides an overview of critical electroresponsive hydrogel properties for augmenting electric stimulation in the brain. A background on electric stimulation in the brain through electroresponsive hydrogels is provided. Common conducting materials and general techniques to integrate them into hydrogels are briefly discussed. This review focuses on and summarizes advances in electric stimulation of electroconductive hydrogels for therapeutic applications in the brain, such as for controlling delivery of drugs, directing neural stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis, improving neural biosensor capabilities, and enhancing neural electrode-tissue interfaces. The key challenges in each of these applications are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin M Khan
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily Wilts
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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78
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Liu H, Wang L, Lin G, Feng Y. Recent progress in the fabrication of flexible materials for wearable sensors. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:614-632. [PMID: 34797359 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have been widely studied because of their small size, light weight, and potential for the noninvasive tracking and monitoring of human physiological information. Wearable flexible sensors generally consist of two parts: a flexible substrate in contact with the skin and a signal processing module. At present, wearable electronics cover many fields, such as machinery, physics, chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine. The design concept and selection of materials are very important to the function of a sensor. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in flexible materials for wearable sensors, including developments in flexible materials, electrode materials, and new flexible biodegradable materials, and describe the important role of innovation in material and sensor design in the development of wearable flexible sensors. Strategies and challenges related to the improvement of the performances of wearable flexible sensors, as well as the development prospects of wearable devices based on flexible materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yihua Feng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
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79
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Lucío MI, Cubells-Gómez A, Maquieira Á, Bañuls MJ. Hydrogel-based holographic sensors and biosensors: past, present, and future. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:993-1014. [PMID: 34757475 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based holographic sensors consist of a holographic pattern in a responsive hydrogel that diffracts light at different wavelengths depending on the dimensions and refractive index changes in the material. The material composition of hydrogels can be designed to be specifically responsive to different stimuli, and thus the diffraction pattern can correlate with the amount of analyte. According to this general principle, different approaches have been implemented to achieve label-free optical sensors and biosensors, with advantages such as easy fabrication or naked-eye detection. A review on the different approaches, sensing materials, measurement principles, and detection setups, and future perspectives is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Lucío
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitor Cubells-Gómez
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 5M, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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80
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Tang H, Kang B, Li Y, Zhao Z, Song S. Self‐Healing Hydrogels as Flexible Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 China
| | - Beibei Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 China
| | - Yueyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 China
| | - Zengdian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 China
| | - Shasha Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 China
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81
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Li C. Towards conductive hydrogels in e-skins: a review on rational design and recent developments. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33835-33848. [PMID: 35497297 PMCID: PMC9042588 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, electronic skins (e-skins) have attracted significant attention owing to their feasibility of applications in health monitoring, motion detection, and entertainment. As a class of soft materials, conductive hydrogels feature biocompatibility, stretchability, adhesiveness, and self-healing properties, making them one of the most important candidates for high-performance e-skins. However, profound challenges remain for achieving the combination of superior mechanical strength and conductivity of conductive hydrogels simultaneously without sacrificing their multifunctionalities. Herein, a framework for rational designs to fabricate conductive hydrogels are proposed, including the fundamental strategies of copolymerization, doping, and self-assembly. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis of their merits and demerits when the conductive hydrogels are fabricated in different ways. Furthermore, the recent progress and future perspective for conductive hydrogels in terms of electronic skins are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujia Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710072 China
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82
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Yu Q, Zheng Z, Dong X, Cao R, Zhang S, Wu X, Zhang X. Mussel-inspired hydrogels as tough, self-adhesive and conductive bioelectronics: a review. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8786-8804. [PMID: 34596200 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the wearable sensor's defects and achieve the goal of robust mechanical properties, long-term adhesion, sensitive electrical conductivity, the multifunctional hydrogels were inspired by various mussels on the base of catechol and its analogues. In this review, we review the strategies for improving the mechanical strength, adhesion, conductivity and antibacterial properties of mussel-inspired hydrogels as bioelectronics. Double network structures, nanocomposites, supramolecular block polymers and other strategies were utilized for achieving tough hydrogels to prevent tensile fractures under high deformation. Many mussel-inspired chemistries were incorporated for constructing skin-attachable hydrogel strain sensors and some strategies for controlling the oxidation of catechol were employed to achieve long-term adhesion. In addition, electrolytes, conductive fillers, conductive polymers and their relevant hydrophilic modifications were introduced for fabricating the conductive hydrogel bioelectronics to enhance the conductivity properties. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this promising field are featured from the perspective of materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- South China University of Technology, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Northeast Petroleum University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Zirong Zheng
- Northeast Petroleum University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Xinhao Dong
- Northeast Petroleum University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Northeast Petroleum University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- Northeast Petroleum University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Daqing Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd, 163318, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- South China University of Technology, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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83
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Zheng H, Lin N, He Y, Zuo B. Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive Silk Fibroin Conductive Hydrogel as a Flexible Strain Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40013-40031. [PMID: 34375080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable hydrogel strain sensors have attracted tremendous attention for applications in human motion and physiological signal monitoring. However, it is still a great challenge to develop a hydrogel strain sensor with certain mechanical properties and tensile deformation capabilities, which can be in conformal contact with the target organ and also have self-healing properties, self-adhesive capability, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, high strain sensitivity, and stable electrical performance. In this paper, an ionic conductive hydrogel (named PBST) is rationally designed by proportionally mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), borax, silk fibroin (SF), and tannic acid (TA). SF can not only be a reinforcement to introduce an energy dissipation mechanism into the dynamically cross-linked hydrogel network to stabilize the non-Newtonian behavior of PVA and borax but it can also act as a cross-linking agent to combine with TA to reduce the dissociation of TA on the hydrogel network, improving the mechanical properties and viscoelasticity of the hydrogel. The combination of SF and TA can improve the self-healing ability of the hydrogel and realize the adjustable viscoelasticity of the hydrogel without sacrificing other properties. The obtained hydrogel has excellent stretchability (strain > 1000%) and shows good conformal contact with human skin. When the hydrogel is damaged by external strain, it can rapidly self-repair (mechanical and electrical properties) without external stimuli. It shows adhesiveness and repeatable adhesiveness to different materials (steel, wood, PTFE, glass, iron, and cotton fabric) and biological tissues (pigskin) and is easy to peel off without residue. The obtained PBST conductive hydrogel also has a wide strain-sensing range (>650%) and reliable stability. The hydrogel adhered to the skin surface can monitor large strain movements such as in finger joints, wrist joints, knee joints, and so on and detect swallowing, smiling, facial bulging and calming, and other micro-deformation behaviors. It can also distinguish physical signals such as light smile, big laugh, fast and slow breathing, and deep and shallow breathing. Therefore, the PBST conductive hydrogel material with multiple synergistic functions has great potential as a flexible wearable strain sensor. The PBST hydrogel has antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility at the same time, which provides a safety guarantee for it as a flexible wearable strain sensor. This work is expected to provide a new way for people to develop ideal wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
| | - Nan Lin
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
| | - Yanyi He
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
| | - Baoqi Zuo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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84
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Han Q, Wang A, Song W, Zhang M, Wang S, Ren P, Hao L, Yin J, Bai S. Fabrication of Conductive, Adhesive, and Stretchable Agarose-Based Hydrogels for a Wearable Biosensor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6148-6156. [PMID: 35006882 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a strategy is proposed to prepare a conductive, self-adhesive, and stretchable agarose gel with the merits of distinct heat resistance, freeze resistance, and long-term moisture retention. To endow the gels with conductivity, monodisperse carbon nanotubes modified by polydopamine are introduced into the gel networks, which promote both conductivity and mechanical strength of the gels. Meanwhile, further addition of glycerol enhances excellent stretchability as well as heating/freezing tolerability and moisture retention of the gels. A wearable biosensor based on the gel is fabricated to record body motions precisely with good biocompatibility, which benefits the development of smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Anhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Milin Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Linna Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Shuo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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85
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Liu X, Wei Y, Qiu Y. Advanced Flexible Skin-Like Pressure and Strain Sensors for Human Health Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:695. [PMID: 34198673 PMCID: PMC8232132 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, owing to their excellent flexibility and adaptability, skin-like pressure and strain sensors integrated with the human body have the potential for great prospects in healthcare. This review mainly focuses on the representative advances of the flexible pressure and strain sensors for health monitoring in recent years. The review consists of five sections. Firstly, we give a brief introduction of flexible skin-like sensors and their primary demands, and we comprehensively outline the two categories of design strategies for flexible sensors. Secondly, combining the typical sensor structures and their applications in human body monitoring, we summarize the recent development of flexible pressure sensors based on perceptual mechanism, the sensing component, elastic substrate, sensitivity and detection range. Thirdly, the main structure principles and performance characteristic parameters of noteworthy flexible strain sensors are summed up, namely the sensing mechanism, sensitive element, substrate, gauge factor, stretchability, and representative applications for human monitoring. Furthermore, the representations of flexible sensors with the favorable biocompatibility and self-driven properties are introduced. Finally, in conclusion, besides continuously researching how to enhance the flexibility and sensitivity of flexible sensors, their biocompatibility, versatility and durability should also be given sufficient attention, especially for implantable bioelectronics. In addition, the discussion emphasizes the challenges and opportunities of the above highlighted characteristics of novel flexible skin-like sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Aeronautical University, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Yuanying Qiu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
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86
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Prakash NJ, Mane PP, George SM, Kandasubramanian B. Silk Fibroin As an Immobilization Matrix for Sensing Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2015-2042. [PMID: 33861079 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of flexible, biocompatible, and environment-friendly sensors has attracted a significant amount of scientific interest for the past few decades. Among all the natural materials, silk fibroin (SF), due to its tunable biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of processing, presence of functional groups, and controllable dimensions, has opened up opportunities for immobilizing multitudinous biomolecules and conformability to the skin, among other attractive opportunities. The silk fibroins also offer good physical properties, such as superior toughness and tensile strength. The sensors made of SF as an immobilization matrix have demonstrated excellent analytical performance, sensing even at low concentrations. The significant advantage of silk fibroins is the presence of functional groups along with a controllable conformation transition that enables immobilization of receptor molecules using silk fibroins as an immobilization matrix enables us to entrap the receptor molecules without using any chemical reagents. This review encompasses a detailed discussion on sensors, the advantages of using silk fibroins as an immobilization matrix for various receptors, their applications, and the future research scope in this state-of-the-art technology based upon the explorable applications for silk fibroin-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Jaya Prakash
- Nano Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prathamesh Parshuram Mane
- Department of Fibers and Textiles Processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Suchi Mercy George
- Nano Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, Maharashtra, India
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87
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Zohar O, Khatib M, Omar R, Vishinkin R, Broza YY, Haick H. Biointerfaced sensors for biodiagnostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orr Zohar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Rawan Omar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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88
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Hedenqvist MS, Chen C, Cai C, Li H, Liu H, Fu J. Multifunctional conductive hydrogels and their applications as smart wearable devices. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2561-2583. [PMID: 33599653 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, hydrogel-based conductive materials and their applications as smart wearable devices have been paid tremendous attention due to their high stretchability, flexibility, and excellent biocompatibility. Compared with single functional conductive hydrogels, multifunctional conductive hydrogels are more advantageous to match various demands for practical applications. This review focuses on multifunctional conductive hydrogels applied for smart wearable devices. Representative strategies for conduction of hydrogels are discussed firstly: (1) electronic conduction based on the conductive fillers and (2) ionic conduction based on charged ions. Then, the common and intensive research on multiple functionalities of conductive hydrogels, such as mechanical properties, conductive and sensory properties, anti-freezing and moisturizing properties, and adhesion and self-healing properties is presented. The applications of multifunctional conductive hydrogels such as in human motion sensors, sensory skins, and personal healthcare diagnosis are provided in the third part. Finally, we offer our perspective on open challenges and future areas of interest for multifunctional conductive hydrogels used as smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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89
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Wang C, Yokota T, Someya T. Natural Biopolymer-Based Biocompatible Conductors for Stretchable Bioelectronics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2109-2146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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90
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Zhu WB, Li YQ, Wang J, Wang YY, Huang P, Hu N, Liao K, Fu SY. High-Performance Fiber-Film Hybrid-Structured Wearable Strain Sensor from a Highly Robust and Conductive Carbonized Bamboo Aerogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8748-8756. [PMID: 35019646 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bamboo, one of the most abundant biomaterials, has been used as a building material since ancient times; however, its application in functional materials has been rarely explored. Herein, a highly robust and conductive carbonized bamboo aerogel (CBA) is obtained from the natural bamboo through a simple three-step process of pulp oxidization, freeze-drying, and carbonization. The CBA obtained shows not only a low density of 0.02 g/cm3 but also a high conductivity of 6.42 S/m and remarkable elasticity with a maximum recoverable compressive strain of 60% due to its unique three-dimensional (3D) network randomly stacked with the hybrid structure of carbonized bamboo fibers and films. After encapsulation with silicone resin, the CBA/silicone composite prepared exhibits excellent flexibility and stretchability with a low Young's modulus (0.09 MPa) and a large failure strain (275%). Importantly, the CBA/silicone composite also offers remarkable strain-sensing performance with a maximum gauge factor of 30.6, a short responsive time of 50 ms, and a stable response to cyclic loading over 1000 cycles, which is comparable to those of the piezoresistive composites based on expensive nanomaterials. Moreover, the CBA/silicone composite demonstrates the capability as a wearable strain sensor for human motion recognition comprising finger bending, breathing, and throat movement. Considering the green and sustainable nature of bamboo as a raw material, combined with the excellent piezoresistive performance, low production cost, and simple preparation process, the flexible strain sensors with CBA/silicone composite as a sensing element are promising in wearable electronic devices, personalized healthcare, and artificial intelligence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Zhu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - You-Yong Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Kin Liao
- Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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91
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Hao S, Shao C, Meng L, Cui C, Xu F, Yang J. Tannic Acid-Silver Dual Catalysis Induced Rapid Polymerization of Conductive Hydrogel Sensors with Excellent Stretchability, Self-Adhesion, and Strain-Sensitivity Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56509-56521. [PMID: 33270440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of conductive hydrogels in intelligent biomimetic electronics is a hot topic in recent years, but it is still a great challenge to develop the conductive hydrogels through a rapid fabrication process at ambient temperature. In this work, a versatile poly(acrylamide) @cellulose nanocrystal/tannic acid-silver nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel integrated with excellent stretchability, repeatable self-adhesion, high strain sensitivity, and antibacterial property, was synthesized via radical polymerization within 30 s at ambient temperature. Notably, this rapid polymerization was realized through a tannic acid-silver (TA-Ag) mediated dynamic catalysis system that was capable of activating ammonium persulfate and then initiated the free-radical polymerization of the acrylamide monomer. Benefiting from the incorporation of TA-Ag metal ion nanocomplexes and cellulose nanocrystals, which acted as dynamic connecting bridges by hydrogen bonds to efficiently dissipate energy, the obtained NC hydrogels exhibited prominent tensile strain (up to 4000%), flexibility, self-recovery, and antifatigue properties. In addition, the hydrogels showed repeatable adhesiveness to different substrates (e.g., glass, wood, bone, metal, and skin) and significant antibacterial properties, which were merits for the hydrogels to be assembled into a flexible epidermal sensor for long-term human-machine interfacial contact without concerns about the use of external adhesive tapes and bacterial breeding. Moreover, the remarkable conductivity (σ ∼ 5.6 ms cm-1) and strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 1.02) allowed the flexible epidermal sensors to monitor various human motions in real time, including huge movement of deformations (e.g., wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder) and subtle motions. It is envisioned that this work would provide a promising strategy for the rapid preparation of conductive hydrogels in the application of flexible electronic skin, biomedical devices, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanwei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changyou Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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92
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Sun X, Agate S, Salem KS, Lucia L, Pal L. Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications—A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:140-162. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Sun
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Sachin Agate
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Khandoker Samaher Salem
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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