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Pan H, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu R, Lei H. Investigating variations of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in wastewater treatment using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis and two-dimensional correlation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2495-2502. [PMID: 28726573 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1357759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and two-dimensional (2D) correlation was applied to investigate removal efficiencies and variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with an A2O craft. A decreasing order of total removal efficiencies was tyrosine-like fluorescence component (89.58%) > humic-like fluorescence (HLF) component (39.83%) > tryptophan-like fluorescence component (36.89%) > microbial humic-like fluorescence (HLF) component (12.47%) > fulvic-like fluorescence component (6.37%). The tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like and HLF components were deeply decomposed by anaerobic bacteria in the anaerobic zone. The tyrosine-like component was the preponderant fraction of DOM in the raw water and primary sediment tank. The tyrosine-like component was the dominant component of DOM too in the anaerobic and anoxic zones, but its proportion was slightly more than the tryptophan-like component. The tryptophan-like component was the dominant component in the facultative zone, the oxic zone and the secondary sediment tank. Based on the changing band order of 279 → 304 → 490 → 330 → 380 → 430 nm, the decreasing variation order was tyrosine-like > tryptophan-like > humic-like > microbial humic-like > fulvic-like component. Therefore, the SFS combined with PCA and 2D correlation is an effective tool for not only monitoring the removal of DOM components but also characterizing variations of DOM fractions in the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pan
- a School of Water Conservancy , North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Yu
- b State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- c Qingdao West Work Committee (Huangdao District) Party School of CPC , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- b State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Lei
- a School of Water Conservancy , North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
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52
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Fitzgerald NJM, Wargenau A, Sorenson C, Pedersen J, Tufenkji N, Novak PJ, Simcik MF. Partitioning and Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Model Lipid Bilayers and Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10433-10440. [PMID: 30148610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants, yet knowledge of their biological effects and mechanisms of action is limited. The highest aqueous PFAS concentrations are found in areas where bacteria are relied upon for functions such as nutrient cycling and contaminant degradation, including fire-training areas, wastewater treatment plants, and landfill leachates. This research sought to elucidate one of the mechanisms of action of PFAS by studying their uptake by bacteria and partitioning into model phospholipid bilayer membranes. PFAS partitioned into bacteria as well as model membranes (phospholipid liposomes and bilayers). The extent of incorporation into model membranes and bacteria was positively correlated to the number of fluorinated carbons. Furthermore, incorporation was greater for perfluorinated sulfonates than for perfluorinated carboxylates. Changes in zeta potential were observed in liposomes but not bacteria, consistent with PFAS being incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer membrane. Complementary to these results, PFAS were also found to alter the gel-to-fluid phase transition temperature of phospholipid bilayers, demonstrating that PFAS affected lateral phospholipid interactions. This investigation compliments other studies showing that sulfonated PFAS and PFAS with more than seven fluorinated carbons have a higher potential to accumulate within biota than carboxylated and shorter-chain PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J M Fitzgerald
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Drive SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Andreas Wargenau
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , 3610 University Street , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Carlise Sorenson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , 1390 Eckles Avenue , Saint Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Joel Pedersen
- Departments of Soil Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , 1525 Observatory Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , 3610 University Street , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Paige J Novak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Drive SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Matt F Simcik
- School of Public Health , University of Minnesota , 420 Delaware Street S.E. , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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53
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Lin H, Xia X, Jiang X, Bi S, Wang H, Zhai Y, Wen W, Guo X. Bioavailability of Pyrene Associated with Different Types of Protein Compounds: Direct Evidence for Its Uptake by Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9851-9860. [PMID: 30102861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments. However, the bioavailability of protein-like DOM-associated hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is not well-understood, and in particular, the direct evidence of their uptake by organisms is scarce. In the present work, tryptone (2000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA; 66 000 Da), and phycocyanin (120 000 Da) were chosen as model protein-like DOM, which were labeled by commercial fluorescein (cy5) to investigate the uptake mechanisms of protein compound-associated pyrene (a typical HOC) by Daphnia magna. The pyrene concentration in the tissues except the gut and immobilization of D. magna were detected to calculate the bioavailable fraction of protein compound-associated pyrene when the freely dissolved pyrene concentration was controlled through passive dosing devices. The results demonstrated that the tryptone could permeate cellular membrane and directly enter the tissues of D. magna from the exposure solutions, whereas BSA and phycocyanin might indirectly enter the tissues from the gut. A part of pyrene associated with protein compounds was bioavailable to D. magna; the order of their bioavailable fractions was trypone (54.6-58.1%) > phycocyanin (21.6-32.8%) > BSA (17.7-26.8%). The difference was principally related to the uptake mechanisms of pyrene associated with different types of protein. This work suggests that the protein compound-associated HOCs should be considered to evaluate the bioavailability and eco-environmental hazard of HOCs in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Siqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Wu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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54
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Deng J, Li W, Yang Q, Liu Y, Fang L, Guo Y, Guo P, Lin L, Yang Y, Luan T. Biocompatible Surface-Coated Probe for in Vivo, in Situ, and Microscale Lipidomics of Small Biological Organisms and Cells Using Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6936-6944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yaohui Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunhua Guo
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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55
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Wang H, Li Y, Xia X, Xiong X. Relationship between metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:43-52. [PMID: 29548410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated bioaccumulation and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic organisms. However, lack of studies investigated both processes simultaneously, and the interaction between these two processes is less understood so far. This study investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities, including total cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), in zebrafish. Mature zebrafish were exposed to the mixture of phenanthrene and anthracene under constant concentration maintained by passive dosing systems for 16days. The results showed that PAH concentrations in zebrafish experienced a peak value after exposure for 1.5days, and then decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation equilibrium was achieved after exposure for 12days. Both of the uptake rate constants (ku) and the elimination rate constants (ke) decreased after the peak value. The variation of PAH concentrations and metabolic enzyme activities in zebrafish had an interactive relationship. The activities of CYPs and T-SOD increased initially with the increase of PAH concentrations, but decreased to the lowest state when PAH concentrations reached the peak value. When the bioaccumulation equilibrium of PAHs was achieved, CYPs and T-SOD activities also reached the steady state. In general, CYPs and T-SOD activities were activated after exposure to PAHs. The decrease of PAH concentrations in zebrafish after the peak value may be attributed to the great drop of ku and the variation of CYPs activities. This study suggests that an interactive relationship exists between bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xinyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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56
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Lin H, Xia X, Bi S, Jiang X, Wang H, Zhai Y, Wen W. Quantifying Bioavailability of Pyrene Associated with Dissolved Organic Matter of Various Molecular Weights to Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:644-653. [PMID: 29240993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key environmental factor for the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in natural waters. However, the bioavailability of DOM-associated HOCs is not clear. In this research, pyrene was selected as a model HOC, and its freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) was maintained by passive dosing systems. The immobilization and pyrene content in the tissues excluding gut of Daphnia magna were examined to quantify the bioavailability of DOM-associated pyrene. The results indicated that DOM promoted the bioavailability of pyrene when the Cfree of pyrene was kept constant, and the bioavailability of pyrene associated with DOM of various molecular weights was ordered as middle molecular weight (5 000-10 000 Da) DOM > lower molecular weight (<1 000, 1 000-3 000, and 3 000-5 000 Da) DOM > higher molecular weight (>10 000 Da) DOM. The influencing mechanisms of DOM molecular weight were related with the partition of pyrene between DOM and water, the uptake routes of DOM by D. magna, and the desorption or release of pyrene from DOM in the gut of D. magna. The findings obtained in this research suggest that the bioavailability of DOM-associated HOCs should be taken into account for the eco-environmental risk assessment of HOCs in water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siqi Bi
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wu Wen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation , Beijing 100875, China
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57
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Zhu LJ, Zhao Y, Chen YN, Cui HY, Wei YQ, Liu HL, Chen XM, Wei ZM. Characterization of atrazine binding to dissolved organic matter of soil under different types of land use. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:1065-1072. [PMID: 28867554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is widely used in agriculture. In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils under four types of land use (forest (F), meadow (M), cropland (C) and wetland (W)) was used to investigate the binding characteristics of atrazine. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Stern-Volmer model were combined to explore the complexation between DOM and atrazine. The EEM-PARAFAC indicated that DOM from different sources had different structures, and humic-like components had more obvious quenching effects than protein-like components. The Stern-Volmer model combined with correlation analysis showed that log K values of PARAFAC components had a significant correlation with the humification of DOM, especially for C3 component, and they were all in the same order as follows: meadow soil (5.68)>wetland soil (5.44)>cropland soil (5.35)>forest soil (5.04). The 2D-COS further confirmed that humic-like components firstly combined with atrazine followed by protein-like components. These findings suggest that DOM components can significantly influence the bioavailability, mobility and migration of atrazine in different land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ji Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan-Ni Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong-Yang Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zi-Min Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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58
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Wen W, Xia X, Hu D, Zhou D, Wang H, Zhai Y, Lin H. Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) Affect the Bioconcentration and Tissue Distribution of Short-Chain PFAAs in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12358-12368. [PMID: 28988481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), ubiquitously coexisting in the environment, can be accumulated in organisms by binding with proteins and their binding affinities generally increase with their chain length. Therefore, we hypothesized that long-chain PFAAs will affect the bioconcentration of short-chain PFAAs in organisms. To testify this hypothesis, the bioconcentration and tissue distribution of five short-chain PFAAs (linear C-F = 3-6) were investigated in zebrafish in the absence and presence of six long-chain PFAAs (linear C-F = 7-11). The results showed that the concentrations of the short-chain PFAAs in zebrafish tissues increased with exposure time until steady states reached in the absence of long-chain PFAAs. However, in the presence of long-chain PFAAs, these short-chain PFAAs in tissues increased until peak values reached and then decreased until steady states, and the uptake and elimination rate constants of short-chain PFAAs declined in all tissues and their BCFss decreased by 24-89%. The inhibitive effect of long-chain PFAAs may be attributed to their competition for transporters and binding sites of proteins in zebrafish with short-chain PFAAs. These results suggest that the effect of long-chain PFAAs on the bioconcentration of short-chain PFAAs should be taken into account in assessing the ecological and environmental effects of short-chain PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Diexuan Hu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
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Liu Z, Lu Y, Shi Y, Wang P, Jones K, Sweetman AJ, Johnson AC, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Lu X, Su C, Sarvajayakesavaluc S, Khan K. Crop bioaccumulation and human exposure of perfluoroalkyl acids through multi-media transport from a mega fluorochemical industrial park, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:37-47. [PMID: 28558301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Significant quantities of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are released to the environment from fluorochemical manufacturing processes through wastewater discharge and air emission in China, which may lead to human exposure and health risks through crop bioaccumulation from PFAAs-contaminated soil and irrigation water. This paper systematically studied the distribution and transport of PFAAs in agricultural soil, irrigation water and precipitation, followed by crop bioaccumulation and finally human exposure of PFAAs within a 10km radius around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park (FIP). Hotspots of contamination by PFAAs were found near the FIP and downstream of the effluent discharge point with the maximum concentrations of 641ng/g in agricultural soil, 480ng/g in wheat grain, 58.8ng/g in maize grain and 4,862ng/L in precipitation. As the distance increased from the FIP, PFAAs concentrations in all media showed a sharp initial decrease followed by a moderate decline. Elevated PFAA concentrations in soil and grains were still present within a radius of 10 km of the FIP. The soil contamination was associated with the presence of PFAAs in irrigation water and precipitation, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAA component in soil. However, due to bioaccumulation preference, short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), especially perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), became the major PFAA contaminants in grains of wheat and maize. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for both grains showed a decrease with increasing chain length of PFAAs (approximately 0.5 log decrease per CF2 group). Compared to maize grain, wheat grain showed higher BAFs, possibly related to its higher protein content. The PFCA (C4-C8) concentrations (on a log10 basis) in agricultural soil and grain were found to show a linear positive correlation. Local human exposure of PFOA via the consumption of contaminated grains represents a health risk for local residents, especially for toddlers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kevin Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford, Oxon, OX 10 8BB, UK
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford, Oxon, OX 10 8BB, UK
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suriyanarayanan Sarvajayakesavaluc
- SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of The Environment) Beijng Office, P.O. Box 2871, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
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60
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Wei C, Song X, Wang Q, Hu Z. Sorption kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms of PFOS on soils with different physicochemical properties. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:40-50. [PMID: 28384502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an emerging contaminant, is environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to human health and ecosystems. It has been widely detected in groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment. So far, very few research has reported on the PFOS sorption behaviors onto soils, one of the primary processes that influence its fate and transport in the subsurface. In this study, the sorption and desorption of PFOS onto six soils with different physicochemical properties were investigated. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of PFOS sorption onto six soils were carried out in batch experiment. The sorption kinetics of PFOS on the six soils demonstrated that PFOS sorption reached equilibrium within 48h, and the well-fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model to experimental data suggested that chemisorption was involved in PFOS sorption on soils. The intraparticle diffusion model results indicated that both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion were the rate-limiting steps for five of the six soil samples, while the intraparticle diffusion was the only limiting step in the PFOS sorption on the sixth soil. PFOS sorption isotherms can be described by the Freundlich model well for all six soils (R2=0.979-0.999). The correlation analysis between KF of PFOS and the physicochemical properties of the soils showed that a positive correlation between KF and Al2O3, SOC and Fe2O3. The FTIR data demonstrated hydrophobic interaction, ion exchange, surface complexing and hydrogen bonding might all play a role in the PFOS sorption onto soil samples. PFOS sorption onto soil minerals, especially iron oxide minerals, needs to be further explored in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhihao Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Kariuki MN, Nagato EG, Lankadurai BP, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Analysis of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) to Daphnia magna Using ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020015. [PMID: 28420092 PMCID: PMC5487986 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was used to characterize the response of Daphnia magna after sub-lethal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a commonly found environmental pollutant in freshwater ecosystems. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plots showed significant separation in the exposed samples relative to the controls. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between the overall metabolic response and PFOS exposure concentration. More detailed analysis showed that the toxic mode of action is metabolite-specific with some metabolites exhibiting a non-monotonic response with higher PFOS exposure concentrations. Our study indicates that PFOS exposure disrupts various energy metabolism pathways and also enhances protein degradation. Overall, we identified several metabolites that are sensitive to PFOS exposure and may be used as bioindicators of D. magna health. In addition, this study also highlights the important utility of environmental metabolomic methods when attempting to elucidate acute and sub-lethal pollutant stressors on keystone organisms such as D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha N Kariuki
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Brian P Lankadurai
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
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Zhao P, Xia X, Dong J, Xia N, Jiang X, Li Y, Zhu Y. Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:57-65. [PMID: 27285797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted attentions all around the world. However, little is known about their distribution among water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment phases in rivers, especially for the short-chain PFASs. In this work, the Yellow River, the largest turbid river in the world, was selected as a case to study eleven kinds of PFASs in the three phases of rivers. These PFASs included C4-C12 perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluorobutyl sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS), among which C4-C7 PFCAs and PFBS belong to short-chain PFASs, while C8-C12 PFCAs and PFOS belong to long-chain PFASs. The results showed that the total PFAS concentration ranged from 44.7ngL(-1) to 1.52μgL(-1) in the water, from 8.19 to 17.4ngg(-1) in the sediment, and from 3.44 to 14.7ngg(-1) in the SPM. Short-chain PFASs predominated in the water and could reach up to 88.8% of the total PFAS concentration in water, while long-chain PFASs prevailed in the sediment and SPM. The PFAS concentration in SPM showed a significant negative correlation with SPM concentration in river water (p<0.01). The distribution coefficients (Kd) of PFASs between sediment/SPM and water increased with their chain length and there was a positive correlation between logKd and logKow (octanol-water partition coefficients). The total annual flux of all the eleven PFASs was estimated at 3.88tons for the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea, among which the PFOA flux was the highest (0.90tons). The widely occurrence and high concentrations of short-chain PFASs in the Yellow River indicates the shift of manufacturing focus of perfluoroalkyl chemicals from traditional long-chain ones to short-chain ones. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the eco-environmental risks of these short-chain PFASs in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuemei Zhu
- School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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63
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Slug-flow microextraction coupled with paper spray mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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64
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Wen B, Wu Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Hu X, Huang H, Zhang S. The roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in plants grown in biosolids-amended soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:682-688. [PMID: 27381874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in seven species of plants from biosolids-amended soils were investigated. The PFOS and PFOA root concentration factors (Croot/Csoil) ranged from 1.37 to 4.68 and 1.69 to 10.3 (ng/groot)/(ng/gsoil), respectively, while the translocation factors (Cshoot/Croot) ranged from 0.055 to 0.16 and 0.093 to 1.8 (ng/gshoot)/(ng/groot), respectively. The PFOS and PFOA accumulations in roots correlated positively with root protein contents (P < 0.05), while negatively with root lipid contents (P < 0.05). These suggested the promotion effects of protein and inhibition effects of lipid on root uptake. The translocation factors correlated positively with the ratios between protein contents in shoots to those in roots (P < 0.05), showing the importance of protein on PFOS and PFOA translocation. This study is the first to reveal the different roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of PFOS and PFOA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100031, China
| | - Honglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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65
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Liu G, Zhang S, Yang K, Zhu L, Lin D. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to Escherichia coli: Membrane disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage induced cell inactivation and/or death. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:806-815. [PMID: 27155098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are two widely used polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and are persistent in the environment. This study for the first time systematically investigated their toxicities and the underlying mechanisms to Escherichia coli. Much higher toxicity was observed for PFOA than PFOS, with the 3 h half growth inhibition concentrations (IC50) determined to be 10.6 ± 1.0 and 374 ± 3 mg L(-1), respectively, while the bacterial accumulation of PFOS was much greater than that of PFOA. The PFC exposures disrupted cell membranes as evidenced by the dose-dependent variations of cell structures (by transmission electron microscopy observations), surface properties (electronegativity, hydrophobicity, and membrane fluidity), and membrane compositions (by gas chromatogram and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses). The increases in the contents of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase indicated the increment of oxidative stress induced by the PFCs in the bacterial cells. The fact that the cell growth inhibition was mitigated by the addition of ROS scavenger (N-acetyl cysteine) further evidenced the important role of oxidative damage in the toxicities of PFOS and PFOA. Eighteen genes involved in cell division, membrane instability, oxidative stress, and DNA damage of the exposed cells were up or down expressed, indicating the DNA damage by the PFCs. The toxicities of PFOS and PFOA to E. coli were therefore ascribed to the membrane disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage induced cell inactivation and/or death. The difference in the bactericidal effect between PFOS and PFOA was supposed to be related to their different dominating toxicity mechanisms, i.e., membrane disruption and oxidative damage, respectively. The outcomes will shed new light on the assessment of ecological effects of PFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesheng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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66
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Wen W, Xia X, Chen X, Wang H, Zhu B, Li H, Li Y. Bioconcentration of perfluoroalkyl substances by Chironomus plumosus larvae in water with different types of dissolved organic matters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:299-307. [PMID: 26925752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of four types of dissolved organic matters (DOM) on the bioconcentration of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chironomus plumosus larvae have been studied. The PFASs included perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA). The DOM included humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), tannic acid (TA), and a protein, peptone (PEP), and their concentrations ranged from 0 to 50 mg L(-1). The results showed that, upon bioconcentration equilibrium, the body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs (PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFDoA) decreased with PEP and HA concentrations while increased with FA and TA concentrations. When FA and TA concentrations increased from 0 to 50 mg L(-1), body burdens of these PFASs increased by 7.5%-148.8% and 5.7%-37.1%, respectively. However, the DOM had no significant impact on the body burdens of shorter perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs (PFOA and PFNA). All of the four types of DOM lowered not only the uptake rate constants (ku) of PFASs due to the decrease of freely dissolved PFAS concentrations, but also the elimination rate constants (ke) due to the inhibition effect of DOM on the PFAS elimination from the larvae. The reduction in the two constants varied with both DOM and PFAS types. In the presence of PEP and HA with larger molecular weights, the ku values decreased more than ke, leading to the decreased body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs. As for FA and TA with smaller molecular weights, the ke values decreased more than ku, resulting in increased body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs. This study suggests that the effects of DOM on PFAS bioconcentration depend not only on the concentration but also on the molecule weight of DOM, which should be considered in the bioavailability assessment of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baotong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Husheng Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
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Deng J, Yang Y, Xu M, Wang X, Lin L, Yao ZP, Luan T. Surface-Coated Probe Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Target Compounds in Individual Small Organisms. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9923-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences,
South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative
Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals
and Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing
Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, 100 Xianlie
Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Mingzhi Xu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences,
South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative
Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering,
School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Lin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences,
South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative
Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State
Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences,
South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative
Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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68
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Xia X, Li H, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang H. How does predation affect the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic organisms? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4911-4920. [PMID: 25794043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the body burden of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) increases with the trophic level of aquatic organisms. However, the mechanism of HOC biomagnification is not fully understood. To fill this gap, this study investigated the effect of predation on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one type of HOC, in low-to-high aquatic trophic levels under constant freely dissolved PAH concentrations (1, 5, or 10 μg L(-1)) maintained by passive dosing systems. The tested PAHs included phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. The test organisms included zebrafish, which prey on Daphnia magna, and cichlids, which prey on zebrafish. The results revealed that for both zebrafish and cichlids, predation elevated the uptake and elimination rates of PAHs. The increase of uptake rate constant ranged from 20.8% to 39.4% in zebrafish with the amount of predation of 5 daphnids per fish per day, and the PAH uptake rate constant increased with the amount of predation. However, predation did not change the final bioaccumulation equilibrium; the equilibrium concentrations of PAHs in fish only depended on the freely dissolved concentration in water. Furthermore, the lipid-normalized water-based bioaccumulation factor of each PAH was constant for fish at different trophic levels. These findings infer that the final bioaccumulation equilibrium of PAHs is related to a partition between water and lipids in aquatic organisms, and predation between trophic levels does not change bioaccumulation equilibrium but bioaccumulation kinetics at stable freely dissolved PAH concentrations. This study suggests that if HOCs have not reached bioaccumulation equilibrium, biomagnification occurs due to enhanced uptake rates caused by predation in addition to higher lipid contents in higher trophic organisms. Otherwise, it is only due to the higher lipid contents in higher trophic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Husheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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69
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Xia X, Rabearisoa AH, Dai Z, Jiang X, Zhao P, Wang H. Inhibition effect of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ on the bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances by Daphnia magna in the presence of protein. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:429-436. [PMID: 25477240 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors investigated the individual effects of Ca(2+) and Na(+) on the bioaccumulation of 6 types of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), by Daphnia magna in water with 10 mg L(-1) bovine albumin or soy peptone. The bioaccumulation factors of PFASs by D. magna decreased linearly with the increase of Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. The inhibition effect of Ca(2+) was stronger than that of Na(+), and the decreasing percentages of the body burden of PFASs in D. magna caused by the increment of 1 mmol L(-1) Ca(2+) and 1 mmol L(-1) Na(+) were 41% to approximately 48% and 2% to approximately 5%, respectively, in the presence of soy peptone. The partition coefficients (Kp) of PFASs between protein and water increased with rising Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. The elevated Kp values led to the reduced concentrations of freely dissolved PFASs. This resulted in a decrease of PFAS bioaccumulation in D. magna, and the body burden of each PFAS was positively correlated with its freely dissolved concentration in water. The present study suggests that cations should be considered in the assessment of bioavailability and risk of PFASs in natural waters containing proteinaceous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
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70
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Xia X, Dai Z, Rabearisoa AH, Zhao P, Jiang X. Comparing humic substance and protein compound effects on the bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances by Daphnia magna in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:978-986. [PMID: 25303657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of humic substances and protein compounds on the bioaccumulation of six types of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Daphnia magna was compared. The humic substances included humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), the protein compounds included chicken egg albumin (albumin) and peptone, and the PFASs included perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and perfluorododecanoic acid. Four concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 20 mg L(-1)) of the four dissolved organic matter (DOM) types were investigated. At the 1 mg L(-1) level, HA and albumin enhanced all tested PFAS bioaccumulation, whereas FA and peptone only enhanced the bioaccumulation of shorter-chain PFASs (PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA). However, all four DOM types decreased all tested PFAS bioaccumulation at the 20 mg L(-1) level, and the decreasing ratios of bioaccumulation factors caused by FA, HA, albumin, and peptone were 1-49%, 23-77%, 17-58%, and 8-56%, respectively compared with those without DOM. This is because DOM not only reduced the bioavailable concentrations and uptake rates of PFASs but also lowered the elimination rates of PFASs in D. magna, and these opposite effects would change with different DOM types and concentrations. Although the partition coefficients (L kg(-1)) of PFASs between HA and water (10(4.21)-10(4.98)) were much lower than those between albumin and water (10(4.92)-10(5.86)), their effects on PFAS bioaccumulation were comparable. This study suggests that although PFASs are a type of proteinophilic compounds, humic substances also have important effects on their bioavailability and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhineng Dai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Andry Harinaina Rabearisoa
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pujun Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
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71
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González-Gaya B, Dachs J, Roscales JL, Caballero G, Jiménez B. Perfluoroalkylated substances in the global tropical and subtropical surface oceans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13076-84. [PMID: 25325411 DOI: 10.1021/es503490z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were analyzed in 92 surface seawater samples taken during the Malaspina 2010 expedition which covered all the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Nine ionic PFASs including C6-C10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C4 and C6-C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and two neutral precursors perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (PFASAs), were identified and quantified. The Atlantic Ocean presented the broader range in concentrations of total PFASs (131-10900 pg/L, median 645 pg/L, n = 45) compared to the other oceanic basins, probably due to a better spatial coverage. Total concentrations in the Pacific ranged from 344 to 2500 pg/L (median = 527 pg/L, n = 27) and in the Indian Ocean from 176 to 1976 pg/L (median = 329, n = 18). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most abundant compound, accounting for 33% of the total PFASs globally, followed by perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, 22%) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, 12%), being the rest of the individual congeners under 10% of total PFASs, even for perfluorooctane carboxylic acid (PFOA, 6%). PFASAs accounted for less than 1% of the total PFASs concentration. This study reports the ubiquitous occurrence of PFCAs, PFSAs, and PFASAs in the global ocean, being the first attempt, to our knowledge, to show a comprehensive assessment in surface water samples collected in a single oceanic expedition covering tropical and subtropical oceans. The potential factors affecting their distribution patterns were assessed including the distance to coastal regions, oceanic subtropical gyres, currents and biogeochemical processes. Field evidence of biogeochemical controls on the occurrence of PFASs was tentatively assessed considering environmental variables (solar radiation, temperature, chlorophyll a concentrations among others), and these showed significant correlations with some PFASs, but explaining small to moderate percentages of variability. This suggests that a number of physical and biogeochemical processes collectively drive the oceanic occurrence and fate of PFASs in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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