51
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Pan C, Yuan C, Yu J. Molecular Oxygen‐Mediated Radical Cyclization of Acrylamides with Boronic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 People's Republic of China
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52
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Ranjan P, Pillitteri S, Coppola G, Oliva M, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Unlocking the Accessibility of Alkyl Radicals from Boronic Acids through Solvent-Assisted Organophotoredox Activation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guglielmo Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Oliva
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Upendra K. Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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53
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Dherange BD, Kelly PQ, Liles JP, Sigman MS, Levin MD. Carbon Atom Insertion into Pyrroles and Indoles Promoted by Chlorodiazirines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11337-11344. [PMID: 34286965 PMCID: PMC8343525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report a reaction that
selectively generates 3-arylpyridine
and quinoline motifs by inserting aryl carbynyl cation equivalents
into pyrrole and indole cores, respectively. By employing α-chlorodiazirines
as thermal precursors to the corresponding chlorocarbenes, the traditional
haloform-based protocol central to the parent Ciamician-Dennstedt
rearrangement can be modified to directly afford 3-(hetero)arylpyridines
and quinolines. Chlorodiazirines are conveniently prepared in a single
step by oxidation of commercially available amidinium salts. Selectivity
as a function of pyrrole substitution pattern was examined, and a
predictive model based on steric effects is put forward, with DFT
calculations supporting a selectivity-determining cyclopropanation
step. Computations surprisingly indicate that the stereochemistry
of cyclopropanation is of little consequence to the subsequent electrocyclic
ring opening that forges the pyridine core, due to a compensatory
homoaromatic stabilization that counterbalances orbital-controlled
torquoselectivity effects. The utility of this skeletal transform
is further demonstrated through the preparation of quinolinophanes
and the skeletal editing of pharmaceutically relevant pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Patrick Q Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jordan P Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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54
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Hara N, Aso K, Li QZ, Sakaki S, Nakao Y. C2-selective alkylation of pyridines by rhodium–aluminum complexes. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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55
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Choi J, Laudadio G, Godineau E, Baran PS. Practical and Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11927-11933. [PMID: 34318659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The direct position-selective C-4 alkylation of pyridines has been a long-standing challenge in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly from pyridine itself. Historically this has been addressed using prefunctionalized materials to avoid overalkylation and mixtures of regioisomers. This study reports the invention of a simple maleate-derived blocking group for pyridines that enables exquisite control for Minisci-type decarboxylative alkylation at C-4 that allows for inexpensive access to these valuable building blocks. The method is employed on a variety of different pyridines and carboxylic acid alkyl donors, is operationally simple and scalable, and is applied to access known structures in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. Finally, this work points to an interesting strategic departure for the use of Minisci chemistry at the earliest possible stage (native pyridine) rather than current dogma that almost exclusively employs Minisci chemistry as a late-stage functionalization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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56
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de Pedro Beato E, Spinnato D, Zhou W, Melchiorre P. A General Organocatalytic System for Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation and Its Use in Radical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12304-12314. [PMID: 34320312 PMCID: PMC8361436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a modular class of organic catalysts that, acting as donors, can readily form photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with a variety of radical precursors. Excitation with visible light generates open-shell intermediates under mild conditions, including nonstabilized carbon radicals and nitrogen-centered radicals. The modular nature of the commercially available xanthogenate and dithiocarbamate anion organocatalysts offers a versatile EDA complex catalytic platform for developing mechanistically distinct radical reactions, encompassing redox-neutral and net-reductive processes. Mechanistic investigations, by means of quantum yield determination, established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational for all of the developed radical processes, highlighting the ability of the organic catalysts to turn over and iteratively drive every catalytic cycle. We also demonstrate how the catalysts' stability and the method's high functional group tolerance could be advantageous for the direct radical functionalization of abundant functional groups, including aliphatic carboxylic acids and amines, and for applications in the late-stage elaboration of biorelevant compounds and enantioselective radical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Pedro Beato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Davide Spinnato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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57
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Guin A, Bhattacharjee S, Biju AT. Transition-Metal-Free C2-Functionalization of Pyridines through Aryne Three-Component Coupling. Chemistry 2021; 27:13864-13869. [PMID: 34288154 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct C2-functionalization of pyridines through a transition-metal-free protocol by using aryne multicomponent coupling is demonstrated. The reaction allowed a broad-scope synthesis of C2-substituted pyridine derivatives bearing the -CF3 group in good yields with α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenones as the third component. Activated keto esters could also be employed as the third component in this formal 1,2-di(hetero)arylation of ketones. Performing the reaction under dilute conditions inhibited the competing pyridine-aryne polymerization pathway. Nucleophilic attack by the initially generated pyridylidene intermediate on the carbonyl followed by an SN Ar process resembling the Smiles rearrangement affords the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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58
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Urgoitia G, Herrero MT, Churruca F, Conde N, SanMartin R. Direct Arylation in the Presence of Palladium Pincer Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:4385. [PMID: 34299661 PMCID: PMC8305722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct arylation is an atom-economical alternative to more established procedures such as Stille, Suzuki or Negishi arylation reactions. In comparison with other palladium sources and ligands, the use of palladium pincer complexes as catalysts or pre-catalysts for direct arylation has resulted in improved efficiency, higher reaction yields, and advantageous reaction conditions. In addition to a revision of the literature concerning intra- and intermolecular direct arylation reactions performed in the presence of palladium pincer complexes, the role of these remarkably active catalysts will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raul SanMartin
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (G.U.); (M.T.H.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
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59
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Late-stage C–H functionalization offers new opportunities in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:522-545. [PMID: 37117588 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the landscape of molecular synthesis has gained major impetus by the introduction of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies. C-H functionalization approaches, particularly, set the stage for new retrosynthetic disconnections, while leading to improvements in resource economy. A variety of innovative techniques have been successfully applied to the C-H diversification of pharmaceuticals, and these key developments have enabled medicinal chemists to integrate LSF strategies in their drug discovery programmes. This Review highlights the significant advances achieved in the late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like compounds, and showcases how the implementation of these modern strategies allows increased efficiency in the drug discovery process. Representative examples are examined and classified by mechanistic patterns involving directed or innate C-H functionalization, as well as emerging reaction manifolds, such as electrosynthesis and biocatalysis, among others. Structurally complex bioactive entities beyond small molecules are also covered, including diversification in the new modalities sphere. The challenges and limitations of current LSF methods are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We, hereby, aim to provide a toolbox for chemists in academia as well as industrial practitioners, and introduce guiding principles for the application of LSF strategies to access new molecules of interest.
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60
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Practical iridium-catalyzed direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with (hetero)arylboronic acids by H 2O-mediated H 2 evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4206. [PMID: 34244498 PMCID: PMC8270951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread applications of 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes in numerous fields of science and technology, universal access to such compounds is hampered due to the lack of a general method for their synthesis. Herein, by a H2O-mediated H2-evolution cross-coupling strategy, we report an iridium(III)-catalyzed facile method to direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with both aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids, proceeding with broad substrate scope and excellent functional compatibility, oxidant and reductant-free conditions, operational simplicity, easy scalability, and no need for prefunctionalization of N-heteroarenes. This method is applicable for structural modification of biomedical molecules, and offers a practical route for direct access to 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes, a class of potential cyclometalated C^N ligands and N^N bidentate ligands that are difficult to prepare with the existing α-C-H arylation methods, thus filling an important gap in the capabilities of synthetic organic chemistry.
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61
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Radical philicity and its role in selective organic transformations. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:486-499. [PMID: 37118440 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical intermediates in organic chemistry lack a full octet of electrons and, thus, are commonly said to be electron deficient. By denotation, such a statement is technically correct; however, in modern literature, the term 'electron deficient' carries a connotation of electrophilicity. This lexical quirk leads one to predict that all radicals should behave as electrophiles, when this is not the case. Indeed, practitioners of radical chemistry have known for decades that many radicals behave as nucleophiles, sometimes strongly so. This Review aims to establish guidelines for understanding radical philicity by highlighting examples from recent literature as a demonstration of general reactivity paradigms across a series of different carbon-based and heteroatom-based radicals. We present strategies for predicting the philicity of a given radical on the basis of qualitative features of the radical's structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of radical philicity to selective hydrogen atom transfer.
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62
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Alvarez EM, Karl T, Berger F, Torkowski L, Ritter T. Late-Stage Heteroarylation of Hetero(aryl)sulfonium Salts Activated by α-Amino Alkyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13609-13613. [PMID: 33835680 PMCID: PMC8251951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a late‐stage heteroarylation of aryl sulfonium salts through activation with α‐amino alkyl radicals in a mechanistically distinct approach from previously reported halogen‐atom transfer (XAT). The new mode of activation of aryl sulfonium salts proceeds in the absence of light and photoredox catalysts, engaging a wide range of hetarenes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of this methodology in synthetically useful cross‐coupling transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Alvarez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Teresa Karl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Luca Torkowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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63
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Late‐Stage Heteroarylation of Hetero(aryl)sulfonium Salts Activated by α‐Amino Alkyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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64
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Dandia A, Sharma R, Saini P, Badgoti RS, Rathore KS, Parewa V. The graphite-catalyzed ipso-functionalization of arylboronic acids in an aqueous medium: metal-free access to phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18040-18049. [PMID: 35480165 PMCID: PMC9033238 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, metal-free, and sustainable strategy has been described for the ipso-functionalization of phenylboronic acids using air as an oxidant in an aqueous medium. A range of carbon materials has been tested as carbocatalysts. To our surprise, graphite was found to be the best catalyst in terms of the turnover frequency. A broad range of valuable substituted aromatic compounds, i.e., phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes, has been prepared via the functionalization of the C-B bond into C-N, C-O, and many other C-X bonds. The vital role of the aromatic π-conjugation system of graphite in this protocol has been established and was observed via numerous analytic techniques. The heterogeneous nature of graphite facilitates the high recyclability of the carbocatalyst. This effective and easy system provides a multipurpose approach for the production of valuable substituted aromatic compounds without using any metals, ligands, bases, or harsh oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Ranveer Singh Badgoti
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Kuldeep S Rathore
- Department of Physics, Arya College of Engineering and IT Jaipur India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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65
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Chattopadhyay B, Hassan MMM, Hoque ME, Dey S, Guria S, Roy B. Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Borylation of 8-Arylquinolines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1506-3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe report a convenient method for the highly site-selective borylation of 8-arylquinoline. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 and 2-phenylpyridine derived ligand using bis(pinacolato)diborane as the borylating agent. The reactions occur with high selectivity with many functional groups, providing a series of borylated 8-aryl quinolines with good to excellent yield and excellent selectivity. The borylated compounds formed in this method can be transformed into various important synthons by using known transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus
| | | | - Md Emdadul Hoque
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus
| | - Sayan Dey
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus
| | - Saikat Guria
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus
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66
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Cook XAF, de Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2-Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross-Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11068-11091. [PMID: 32940402 PMCID: PMC8246887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Azine-containing biaryls are ubiquitous scaffolds in many areas of chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. Pyridine rings are prominent amongst these motifs. Transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been widely used for their synthesis and functionalisation as they often provide a swift and tuneable route to related biaryl scaffolds. However, 2-pyridine organometallics are capricious coupling partners and 2-pyridyl boron reagents in particular are notorious for their instability and poor reactivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The synthesis of pyridine-containing biaryls is therefore limited, and methods for the formation of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis-pyridines are scarce. This Review focuses on the methods developed for the challenging coupling of 2-pyridine nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl electrophiles, and ranges from traditional cross-coupling processes to alternative nucleophilic reagents and novel main group approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Antoine de Gombert
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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67
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Abstract
![]()
Practical, efficient,
and general methods for the diversification
of N-heterocycles have been a recurrent goal in chemical
synthesis due to the ubiquitous influence of these motifs within bioactive
frameworks. Here, we describe a direct, catalytic, and selective functionalization
of azines via silylium activation. Our catalyst design enables mild
conditions and a remarkable functional group tolerance in a one-pot
setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Obradors
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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68
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Yang L, Qiu Z, Wu J, Zhao J, Shen T, Huang X, Liu ZQ. Molecular Oxygen-Mediated Radical Alkylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Boronic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:3207-3210. [PMID: 33821663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct and site-specific alkylation of (sp3)C-H bond with aliphatic boronic acid was achieved. By simply heating glycinates and amines together with alkylboronic acids under an oxygen atmosphere, a variety of unnatural α-amino acids and peptides could be obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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69
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Yue F, Dong J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Visible-Light-Mediated Alkenylation of Alkyl Boronic Acids without an External Lewis Base as an Activator. Org Lett 2021; 23:2477-2481. [PMID: 33709714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a protocol for the direct visible-light-mediated alkenylation of alkyl boronic acids at room temperature without an external Lewis base as an activator, and we propose a mechanism involving benzenesulfinate activation of the alkyl boronic acids. The protocol permits the efficient functionalization of a broad range of cyclic and acyclic primary and secondary alkyl boronic acids with various alkenyl sulfones. We demonstrated its utility by preparing or functionalizing several pharmaceuticals and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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70
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Kannigadu C, N'Da DD. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4658-4674. [PMID: 32228417 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200331091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases commonly occur in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The pathogens of such diseases are able to multiply in human hosts, warranting their continual survival. Infections that are commonplace include malaria, chagas, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. Malaria is known to cause symptoms, such as high fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, whereas chagas disease causes enlarged lymph glands, muscle pain, swelling and chest pain. People suffering from African trypanosomiasis may experience severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. As an infectious disease progresses, the human host may also experience personality changes and neurologic problems. If left untreated, most of these diseases can lead to death. Parasites, microbes and bacteria are increasingly adapting and generating strains that are resistant to current clinical drugs. Drug resistance creates an urgency for the development of new drugs to treat these infections. Nitro containing drugs, such as chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tinidazole and secnidazole had been banned for use as antiparasitic agents due to their toxicity. However, recent discoveries of nitrocontaining anti-tuberculosis drugs, i.e. delamanid and pretonamid, and the repurposing of flexinidazole for use in combination with eflornithine for the treatment of human trypanosomiasis, have ignited interest in nitroaromatic scaffolds as viable sources of potential anti-infective agents. This review highlights the differences between old and new nitration methodologies. It furthermore offers insights into recent advances in the development of nitroaromatics as anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kannigadu
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmacenTM), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmacenTM), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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71
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Rd. Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Rd. Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Rd. Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐yan Diao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Rd. Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Zhang‐jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Rd. Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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72
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Nunewar S, Kumar S, Talakola S, Nanduri S, Kanchupalli V. Co(III), Rh(III) & Ir(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Alkylation/Alkenylation/Arylation with Carbene Precursors. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:443-459. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Nunewar
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana India
| | - Srilakshmi Talakola
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana India
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana India
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73
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Start KP, Wheeler MD, Kozak CM. Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with unactivated N-heterocycles and quinones under microwave heating. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed direct arylation of a variety of N-heteroarenes, quinones, and hydroquinones with arylboronic acids is investigated under microwave heating. The reaction proceeds at 70 °C under air using K2S2O8 as an oxidant and FeSO4 as a catalyst. Under microwave heating, reaction times decreased 14- to 115-fold. Reaction scope with N-heteroarenes and quinones is comparable with or slightly expanded when compared with previous reports, but the scope of arylboronic acid utility was slightly limited due to previously unobserved arylboronic acid hydroxydeboronation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan P. Start
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Mikhailey D. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Kozak
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
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74
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Development of versatile and potent monoquaternary reactivators of acetylcholinesterase. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:985-1001. [PMID: 33517499 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, the only treatments developed for poisoning by organophosphorus compounds, the most toxic chemical weapons of mass destruction, have exhibited limited efficacy and versatility. The available causal antidotes are based on reactivation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is rapidly and pseudo-irreversibly inhibited by these agents. In this study, we developed a novel series of monoquaternary reactivators combining permanently charged moieties tethered to position 6- of 3-hydroxypyridine-2-aldoxime reactivating subunit. Highlighted representatives (21, 24, and 27; also coded as K1371, K1374, and K1375, respectively) that contained 1-phenylisoquinolinium, 7-amino-1-phenylisoquinolinium and 4-carbamoylpyridinium moieties as peripheral anionic site ligands, respectively, showed efficacy superior or comparable to that of the clinically used standards. More importantly, these reactivators exhibited wide-spectrum efficacy and were minutely investigated via determination of their reactivation kinetics in parallel with molecular dynamics simulations to study their mechanisms of reactivation of the tabun-inhibited AChE conjugate. To further confirm the potential applicability of these candidates, a mouse in vivo assay was conducted. While K1375 had the lowest acute toxicity and the most suitable pharmacokinetic profile, the oxime K1374 with delayed elimination half-life was the most effective in ameliorating the signs of tabun toxicity. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo, the versatility of the agents was substantially superior to that of clinically used standards. Their high efficacy and broad-spectrum capability make K1374 and K1375 promising candidates that should be further investigated for their potential as nerve agents and insecticide antidotes.
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75
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Kong X, Lin L, Chen Q, Xu B. Radical generation from electroreduction of aryl and benzyl ammonium salts: synthesis of organoboronates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a direct electrocatalytic borylation of aryl and benzyl trimethylammonium salts with bis(pinacolato)diboron at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials
- Changzhou Institute of Technology
- Changzhou 213032
- China
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
| | - Long Lin
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
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76
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Cook XAF, Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2‐Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross‐Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Antoine Gombert
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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77
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyridines and Quinolines Using
N
‐Oxide Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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78
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Santos MS, Cybularczyk‐Cecotka M, König B, Giedyk M. Minisci C−H Alkylation of Heteroarenes Enabled by Dual Photoredox/Bromide Catalysis in Micellar Solutions**. Chemistry 2020; 26:15323-15329. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia S. Santos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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79
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Fuse H, Nakao H, Saga Y, Fukatsu A, Kondo M, Masaoka S, Mitsunuma H, Kanai M. Photocatalytic redox-neutral hydroxyalkylation of N-heteroaromatics with aldehydes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12206-12211. [PMID: 34094432 PMCID: PMC8163015 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyalkylation of N-heteroaromatics with aldehydes was achieved using a binary hybrid catalyst system comprising an acridinium photoredox catalyst and a thiophosphoric acid organocatalyst. The reaction proceeded through the following sequence: (1) photoredox-catalyzed single-electron oxidation of a thiophosphoric acid catalyst to generate a thiyl radical, (2) cleavage of the formyl C-H bond of the aldehyde substrates by a thiyl radical acting as a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst to generate acyl radicals, (3) Minisci-type addition of the resulting acyl radicals to N-heteroaromatics, and (4) a spin-center shift, photoredox-catalyzed single-electron reduction, and protonation to produce secondary alcohol products. This metal-free hybrid catalysis proceeded under mild conditions for a wide range of substrates, including isoquinolines, quinolines, and pyridines as N-heteroaromatics, as well as both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and tolerated various functional groups. The reaction was applicable to late-stage derivatization of drugs and their leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Fuse
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yutaka Saga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Arisa Fukatsu
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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80
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Papaioannou N, Fray MJ, Rennhack A, Sanderson TJ, Stokes JE. Regioselective Amidomethylation of 4-Chloro-3-fluoropyridine by Metalation and Minisci-Type Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12067-12079. [PMID: 32809816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 2-amidomethylated pyridines (3-8) was investigated, starting from 4-chloro-3-fluoropyridine. Kinetic deprotonation at -75 °C followed by reaction with DMF gave 2-formyl-4-chloro-3-fluoropyridine 10 regioselectively, which was converted to 2-aminomethyl analogue 1 via sulfinamide 2. Alternatively, Minisci-type amidomethylation under Ag+/persulfate or photoredox-mediated conditions using a series of amino acid derivatives gave (3-8, 19, and 34) in 30-74% yield and isomer ratios in the range 6.7:1 to >50:1. The latter methods gave overall yields similar to that of the deprotonation approach, but were shorter and more amenable to scale-up. In particular, N-Boc analogue 8 was obtained in a single step. The amidomethylations of another six 3-fluoropyridines under the photoredox conditions were briefly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Shire HGT Inc., A Takeda Company, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - M Jonathan Fray
- Concept Life Sciences, Discovery Park House, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K
| | - Andreas Rennhack
- Concept Life Sciences, Discovery Park House, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K
| | - Thomas J Sanderson
- Concept Life Sciences, Discovery Park House, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K
| | - Jamie E Stokes
- Concept Life Sciences, Discovery Park House, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K
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81
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Liu Y, Xue D, Wang C, Huang L. Room-Temperature Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Direct 2-Arylation of Indoles with Tetraarylstannanes. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A palladium(II)-catalyzed direct 2-arylation of indoles by tetraarylstannanes with oxygen (balloon) as the oxidant at room temperature has been developed. Various tetraarylstannanes can be employed as aryl sources for 2-arylation of indoles in up to 89% yield, providing a practical and efficient catalytic protocol for accessing 2-arylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University
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82
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Rakshit A, Kumar P, Alam T, Dhara H, Patel BK. Visible-Light-Accelerated Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Addition/Cyclization of Arylboronic Acids to γ- and β-Ketodinitriles for the Construction of 3-Cyanopyridines and 3-Cyanopyrrole Analogues. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12482-12504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendranath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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83
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Silva RC, Villela LF, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Direct C-H photoarylation of diazines using aryldiazonium salts and visible-light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31115-31122. [PMID: 35520669 PMCID: PMC9056432 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, direct C–H photoarylation of pyrazine with aryldiazonium salts under visible-light irradiation (blue-LEDs) is described, and additional examples including photoarylations of pyrimidine and pyridazine are also covered. The corresponding aryl-diazines were prepared in yields up to 84% only by mixing and irradiating the reaction with no need for an additional photocatalyst. We demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol by the scope with electron-donor, -neutral, and -withdrawing groups attached at the ortho, meta, and para positions of the aryldiazonium salts; the results are better than those reported for ruthenium-complex mediated photoarylations. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of this methodology with a 5 mmol scaled-up experiment. Mechanistic studies were carried out giving support to the proposal of a photocatalyzed approach by an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex, also highlighting the crucial role that solvents play in the formation of the EDA complex. An electron donor–acceptor (EDA) approach for the direct C–H photoarylation of diazines using aryldiazonium salts and visible-light is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Lucas F Villela
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Timothy J Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
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84
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Che YY, Yue Y, Lin LZ, Pei B, Deng X, Feng C. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrophilic Functionalization of Pyridine Derivatives through Phosphonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16414-16419. [PMID: 32533596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a highly efficient and practical method for pyridine-derived heterobiaryl synthesis through palladium-catalyzed electrophilic functionalization of easily available pyridine-derived quaternary phosphonium salts. The nice generality of this reaction was goes beyond arylation, enabling facile incorporation of diverse carbon-based fragments, including alkenyl, alkynyl, and also allyl fragments, onto the pyridine core. Notably, the silver salt additive is revealed to be of vital importance for the success of this transformation and its pivotal role as transmetallation mediator, which guarantees a smooth transfer of pyridyl group to palladium intermediate, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Che
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Yue
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Zhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Pei
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xuezu Deng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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85
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Che Y, Yue Y, Lin L, Pei B, Deng X, Feng C. Palladium‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Functionalization of Pyridine Derivatives through Phosphonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Yuan Che
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yanni Yue
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ling‐Zhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Pei
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xuezu Deng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF)Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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86
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Li X, Zhang S, Xu L, Hong X. Predicting Regioselectivity in Radical C−H Functionalization of Heterocycles through Machine Learning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shuo‐Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Li‐Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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87
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Li X, Zhang S, Xu L, Hong X. Predicting Regioselectivity in Radical C−H Functionalization of Heterocycles through Machine Learning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13253-13259. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shuo‐Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Li‐Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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88
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Fier PS, Kim S, Cohen RD. A Multifunctional Reagent Designed for the Site-Selective Amination of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8614-8618. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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89
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Liu Q, Wang Q, Xie G, Fang Z, Ding S, Wang X. Metal-Free Direct C-H β-Carbonyl Alkylation of Heteroarenes with Cyclopropanols Mediated by K2
S2
O8. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
| | - Zeyang Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
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90
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Mills HA, Martin JL, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Oxidative Generation of Boron-Centered Radicals in Carboranes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4586-4591. [PMID: 32073842 PMCID: PMC7276281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first indirect observation and use of boron vertex-centered carboranyl radicals generated by the oxidation of modified carboranyl precursors. These radical intermediates are formed by the direct oxidation of a B-B bond between a boron cluster cage and an exopolyhedral boron-based substituent (e.g., -BF3K, -B(OH)2). The in situ generated radical species are shown to be competent substrates in reactions with oxygen-based radicals, dichalcogenides, and N-heterocycles, yielding the corresponding substituted carboranes containing B-O, B-S, B-Se, B-Te, and B-C bonds. Remarkably, this chemistry tolerates various electronic environments, providing access to facile substitution chemistry at both electron-rich and electron-poor B-H vertices in carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A. Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joshua L. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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91
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Kumar R, Parmar D, Gupta SS, Chandra D, Dhiman AK, Sharma U. Cp*Rh
III
‐Catalyzed Sterically Controlled C(sp
3
)−H Selective Mono‐ and Diarylation of 8‐Methylquinolines with Organoborons**. Chemistry 2020; 26:4396-4402. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
| | - Diksha Parmar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
| | - Shiv Shankar Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
| | - Devesh Chandra
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR CSIR-IHBT 176061 Palampur India
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92
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Sar S, Chauhan J, Sen S. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Hydrazines via Catalytic Iodine in Air: Arylation of Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4213-4222. [PMID: 32149251 PMCID: PMC7057683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arylated building blocks or heterocycles are key to myriad applications, including pharmaceutical drug discovery, materials sciences, and many more. Herein, we have reported a mild and efficient strategy for generation of aryl radicals by reacting appropriate aryl hydrazines with catalytic iodine in open air. The aryl radicals were quenched by diversely substituted 1,4-napthoquinones present in the reaction mixture to afford diversely substituted 2,3-napthoquinones in moderate to excellent yield. Control experiments provided insights into the putative reaction mechanism.
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93
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Laraia L, Garivet G, Foley DJ, Kaiser N, Müller S, Zinken S, Pinkert T, Wilke J, Corkery D, Pahl A, Sievers S, Janning P, Arenz C, Wu Y, Rodriguez R, Waldmann H. Image‐Based Morphological Profiling Identifies a Lysosomotropic, Iron‐Sequestering Autophagy Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- current address: Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Guillaume Garivet
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel J. Foley
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- current address: School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nadine Kaiser
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie CNRS UMR 3666 INSERM U1143 PSL University Paris Chemical Cell Biology Group 26 Rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Sarah Zinken
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Thomas Pinkert
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 (R 1'102) 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Julian Wilke
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry Umeå Universitet KB.A4, Linnaeus väg 10 (rum: A4.35.07) 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 (R 1'102) 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Yaowen Wu
- Department of Chemistry Umeå Universitet KB.A4, Linnaeus väg 10 (rum: A4.35.07) 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie CNRS UMR 3666 INSERM U1143 PSL University Paris Chemical Cell Biology Group 26 Rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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94
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Laraia L, Garivet G, Foley DJ, Kaiser N, Müller S, Zinken S, Pinkert T, Wilke J, Corkery D, Pahl A, Sievers S, Janning P, Arenz C, Wu Y, Rodriguez R, Waldmann H. Image-Based Morphological Profiling Identifies a Lysosomotropic, Iron-Sequestering Autophagy Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5721-5729. [PMID: 31769920 PMCID: PMC7154763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical proteomics is widely applied in small-molecule target identification. However, in general it does not identify non-protein small-molecule targets, and thus, alternative methods for target identification are in high demand. We report the discovery of the autophagy inhibitor autoquin and the identification of its molecular mode of action using image-based morphological profiling in the cell painting assay. A compound-induced fingerprint representing changes in 579 cellular parameters revealed that autoquin accumulates in lysosomes and inhibits their fusion with autophagosomes. In addition, autoquin sequesters Fe2+ in lysosomes, resulting in an increase of lysosomal reactive oxygen species and ultimately cell death. Such a mechanism of action would have been challenging to unravel by current methods. This work demonstrates the potential of the cell painting assay to deconvolute modes of action of small molecules, warranting wider application in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,current address: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Garivet
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel J Foley
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,current address: School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nadine Kaiser
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, PSL University Paris, Chemical Cell Biology Group, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sarah Zinken
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Pinkert
- Institut für Chemie der, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 (R 1'102), 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Wilke
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Universitet, KB.A4, Linnaeus väg 10 (rum: A4.35.07), 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie der, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 (R 1'102), 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaowen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Universitet, KB.A4, Linnaeus väg 10 (rum: A4.35.07), 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, PSL University Paris, Chemical Cell Biology Group, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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95
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Seath CP, Jui NT. Intermolecular Reactions of Pyridyl Radicals with Olefins via Photoredox Catalysis. Synlett 2020; 30:1607-1614. [PMID: 31938012 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyridines are valuable motifs in a number of bioactive and functional molecules. The chemoselective functionalization of these structures from stable and widely available starting materials is a meaningful goal. We have demonstrated selective formation of pyridyl radicals at any position (2-, 3-, 4-pyridyl), through the action of a reducing photoredox catalyst. These radicals readily engage alkenes to deliver high-value products. Alteration of the reaction medium has enabled the use of a diverse range of alkene subtypes in a highly divergent and chemoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran P Seath
- Department of Chemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nathan T Jui
- Department of Chemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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96
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Huang H, Strater ZM, Lambert TH. Electrophotocatalytic C-H Functionalization of Ethers with High Regioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1698-1703. [PMID: 31904939 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The highly regioselective electrophotocatalytic C-H functionalization of ethers is described. These reactions are catalyzed by a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion at mild electrochemical potential with visible light irradiation. Ethers undergo oxidant-free coupling with isoquinolines, alkenes, alkynes, pyrazoles, and purines with typically high regioselectivity for the less-hindered α-position. The reaction is proposed to operate via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the substrate to the photoexcited TAC radical dication, thus demonstrating a new reactivity mode for this electrophotocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Zack M Strater
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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97
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Li X, Yan X, Wang Z, He X, Dai Y, Yan X, Zhao D, Xu X. Complementary Oxidative Generation of Iminyl Radicals from α-Imino-oxy Acids: Silver-Catalyzed C–H Cyanoalkylation of Heterocycles and Quinones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2504-2511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinhuan Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Deming Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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98
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Dong J, Yue F, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Visible-light-mediated photoredox minisci C–H alkylation with alkyl boronic acids using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12652-12655. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05946c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Direct visible-light-mediated Minisci C–H alkylation reactions of N-heteroarenes with alkyl boronic acids at room temperature with molecular oxygen as an oxidant and boronic acid activation reagent were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Fuyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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99
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Kumar S, Padala K. The recent advances in K2S2O8-mediated cyclization/coupling reactions via an oxidative transformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15101-15117. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently the K2S2O8 mediated cyclization/coupling reactions to construct carbon–carbon/carbon–heteroatom bond via oxidative transformation is became much interesting in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Kishor Padala
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
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100
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Gao L, Wang G, Chen H, Cao J, Su X, Liu X, Yang M, Cheng X, Li S. Metal-free reductive coupling of aliphatic aldehydes/ketones with 4-cyanopyridines: expanded scope and mechanistic studies. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A practical B2pin2 mediated reductive coupling of 4-cyanopyridine with aliphatic aldehydes/ketones has been established. This metal-free protocol provides a convenient route to construct a wide range of C4-pyridine-functionalized alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Mo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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